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I
November20, îg7S / 3Ol
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PEACE AND FREEDOM THRÚ NONVIOLENT ACTION
IS THE US WAGING \A/EATHER WARFARB?
NATO, South Africa and the USA
Interview \l/ith ä Portuguese Soldier
Unionizing the Military
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She believes that the¡e a¡e those who want
her killed-as an example to other radical
feminists. And we have come, painfully, to
agree with her. Most of he¡ adversaries, I am
sure, would be content to have her good
name destroyed- and radical feminism
discredited with her. Others would like to
see her literally dead. Does this sound
melodramatic? The bulletin inserted in
Midnight Specíal, trying to make her fellow
prisoners believe they had an informer in
I thought your response to
Leah Éritz urr
fair. You try to make her sound like a
very unreasonable female. But her anger at
having her name used in a current ñ¡ndraiser should not have taken you by
zurprise. You cut several sentences from
he¡ letter before'printing it. One of those
sentences tefets to a previous letter of hers
which you didn't print and which contained many objections to the way you had
been treating her recently. So it might have
ociurred to you that she'd mind hiving her
name used now as in the past.
Your letter is not fair, eithe¡ to Karla
Iay, who wanted to edit a special issue on
Jane Alpert. Shp didn't refuse to zubmit to
you material already written. You'd seen
' one of the pieces she wanted
to use. None
of the other pieces some ofus planned had
their midst, is evidence enough.
You say that all of us who wanted to
write for the special issue were coming
f¡om one position. If you mean the position
that Jane's life should be defended, yes we
we¡e, And if you mean the position that
the radical feminist movement must,survive,
yes we were, My hope of course had been
that WIN would identify with this position
(which still allows fo¡ a wide variety of
views among us). But you couldn't quite
hear us-when we were talking life and
death. Here is one reason why some ofus
who have felt in the pasthappy enough to
be referred to in your ads asmemberJ of
the 1VIN "gang" begin to shy at that label.
But as I wrote to WIN recently, I am
addicted to optimism. I can't yet believe
that you won't begin to hea¡ us. It is my
deep conviction that a?this point in history, a commitment to nonviolence-which
WIN declares-reEtires a commitment to
feminism; requires a recogniiion of the
truth feminists have begun to speak-that
the root of all violence is the violence men
do women, ha¡der to identify than any
othe¡ violence becaúse this violence has
been eroticized. No, I can't yet believe that
you won't begin to hear us.
-BARBARA DEMING
.
yet been written.
The question of the Jane Alpert issue is
mo¡e cn¡cial than perhaps you realize yet.
You write that you felt WIN å¿d defended
Jane. Yes, you had printed two essays of
mine in her defense and you had printed a
letter of Kay Van Deurs' and a lette¡ of.
Diana Davies'. But.Kay and Dianaand
and Kaúa Jay and Lealt FriÞ, and Andrea
Dworkin ¿¿d J ane Gapen and Ca¡ol G¡os
berg-which is to say almost all the
fèminists who have written for you-felt
strongly that very much more remained to
be saidWe felt, ín the first place-we still feelthat the very life of a sister is at stake. Jane
Alpert lives, quite literally, in fear of
l-
assassination. You didn't want to persorts
alize a political issue, you say. But it is not
we who have personalized a political issue.
It is Jane's adve¡saries who have done that.
'Jayk piece about being a victim, IWIN,
l0l23l75l for example. I can ¡ead thaí
sort of muddled reasoning in fhe Dailv
News o,r New York Magazine or in teítimonials for.the local karate school. It's a far
cry from the eloquent article of over a year
ago on a nonviolent response to prison raoe.
Then there's Brad Lyttle's reply to
Barbara Deming [MN, 10/30/75] . I
missed the Deming article, but it must have
been a ¡eal tant¡um, to push a nice man
like Brad to subscribe to an "androgynous
ideat." Good heavens, that's Pete¡ Pan all
over again. An "androgynous ideal'? is the
stuff of childhood dteams, when we ate too
busy discovering ourselves to admit that we
a¡e different f¡om momma and daddy and
sisters and b¡others. Kicking the "androgynous ideal" is another way of saying "grow-ing up." It's when we can ûnally admit that
we are separate and diferent from our parents and others. Ifwe nevet reach that point
how can we be tolerant ofracial, cultural :
and age dife¡ences? How can we be the
adults our children so badly need as models?
OJr well, I sigh, maybe I'm just getting
to old for WIN, which does have
a
lovely
and maddening quality of eternal youth.
And then I turn from B¡ad Lyttle to læah
Fritz's lette¡ and reply, IWIN, 10/30/751
and I write my check. There, really, is
everything I admire you for. You give Leah
Fritz her forum (where she, too,.wants it
both ways; "Dissociate me from WIN but
send me lette¡s at their add¡ess"). but in
your comment you never once stoop.to her
level of anger. Yours is indeed a soft answer
that tu¡neth away wrath. The Workshop in
Nonviolence lives; howwer'fitfutly; arid I
pledge my continued support.
.
Monticello, NY
Ossining, NY
t
am a longtime WIN reader and radical,
faggot whose developing feminist consciousness owes much to the writing of
Leah FriE, and others, in these pages. Thus
I am very disturbed by the vindictive turn
of some of her recent writings, to wit:
This zumme¡ she wrote a malediction
Cambridge, Mass. against Chuck Fager [VIN, 6/12175] forhis
opposition to abortion t81221751. I happen
to think Chuck is wrorig-and I agree with
her major premises: l) that it is preposterous
The annual subscription notice comes, and
for me, a male, to tell women the rights
for thd trst time in years, I pause before
and wrongs of abortion, and 2) that men
automatically renewing. Dollars must be
had better take reiponsibility for preventing
counted carefully, and I have begun to
unwanted ptegnancy. But I felt her abusivewonde¡ about my suppott. I have always
ness toward Chuck was unnecessary.
been attracted to WIN as a ',workshop in
And I'm sorry, I found her letter of
nonviolence," but lately I wonder if the
October 30 largely petty. I cannotjudge '
editors still seè it that way. Take Karla
WIN's inte¡nal hassles, though I do feel that
I
accuses
WIN
of.
Regretfully, after many yeæg I must
cancel my subscription. Your response
to Leah Frite's lette¡ in the WIN of October 30th does not meet the issue of
yorir token response to the women's movement
-HELEN L. GRAY
It
seems to me as a fairly constant reader,
that WIN is giving a lot of coverage to
feminism, sexism and gay matters.,That's
ok. The primary job of a pacifist and
Gandhian publication is to oppose war and
to be involved in fighting the injustices that
lead to wars and violence. There are many
such areas including sexism, nuclear arms
important.
Those who are hipped on one particular
injustice, because of their background,
should properly work in that field, and join
organizations whose sole aim is correcting.
that particular injustice. If, in addition,
they want nonviolent remedies (not every
feminist believes in nonviolence), WIN is '
the proper fon¡m for their ideas.
It's understandable that everyone would
like thei¡ own particular "hu¡t" to be given
a fuller play. Farmworkers fear loss of jobs,
disarmament workers fear a world reduced
to molten lava an{ stripped of life. An
editorial committee can have its hands full
comitant
þsrice.
-rr?"ï:ii
As an avid reade¡ ôf WIN Magazine I was
beginning to think too much emphasis was
being exerted for the feminist movemenl
The¡e are so many areas in the world
requiring enlightenment to your readers
that you could not concentfate on just one
movement to the exclusion of all othe¡s. As
Leah Fritz's points IWlN, l0/30/751 may
not, I really don't know,
but I do know tliat we have no right ûght'
ing among ourselves when there are so
rnany""enemies" to combat: The American
l,eft has perennially devoured itself in
necdless internecine struggles like this one
within the women's movement. Hdve we
learncd nothing at all in the lasf, 150 years?
Please can't we get it together with good
friends like Leah F¡itz and the wonderful
folks
¿it
WIN!
. $10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$
@@
2 WtN
4. ls the US Waging Weather Waifaie?
Mork Looney
S. NATq. South Africa and the USA
Cambridge, Mass.
.
Peter D. Jones
.
-PETER HOLLORAN
10. An lnterview With an Armed Forces
Assembly Member I Fred Strasser
13. Getting the Muste,lnstitute Go¡ng
lUendy Schwartz
14. Unibnizatiön and Democracy in the
Military l'Dovi d Cortrìght
16. The Sinai Disengagement
- Poulo Royman
1
CORRECTION
Steve Barkan wrote to point out
that in hisiarticle, "Taking the Law
into Our Own Hands" [WlN,
11116175l¡ in the secoñd new
paragraph on page6, the line
beginning "ln all these matters the
judge..." should read: "ln all these
matters the judge often feels constrained to allow the defendant a
good deal of latitude in what he or
ir she says, prec¡sely
because the pro
se defendant is considered ignorant
of traditional rules of evidence and
courtroom procedure. As a result
the pro se defendant's legal naivete
can enable hím or her to inject
political and moral issues into the
proceedings."
The material from the Milwau kee
"12 trial came from Francine du
Plessix Gray's article "The UltraResistance" which appeared in The
New York Review of Books and
was repr¡nted in Trials of the
Resistance,
$35,562.91
0
Nov. 20, 1975 lVol. Xl No.
be well takeri or
r.i
maliing decisions on coverage. Temporary
overemphasis on one topic, howcver,
needn't cause concern. All endeavors work
toward the same goal, peacq and its con-
.
Irritz'$ lette¡ oflensive a¡d zuggest she step
out in to the sunlight, take,a good ha¡d look
at our world and open her mind to all that
is around us. We need more publications
like WIN to kpep us informed.
_ESTHER ROSENtsLITH
Altamonte Springs, Fla.
-JOHN KypE,R
Roxbury, Mass
and power, ecology, race relations, farmworkers, etc. A balance has to be established
in covering these areas. They are all equally
-BARBARA WALKER
often happens to people with one goal in
mindl they forget àbout the other oppressions in our socie,ty that should be brought
to the attention of your readers-many
areas which are not covered in national
magazines and newspapers which are corrupted by their advertisers. I found Leah
WIN could use a more thoroughgoing
feminist perspective on all the subjects it
covers I don't feel that the malc power
games of politics are irrelevant, because they
affect my lii'e, usually to my detriment. The
systematic murde¡ and assassination conducted by the CIA, NSA, et al. since a
generation ago in postwar Germany may.
well be a precufser of what they want to
inflict on us if they eve¡ deciiJe to pull a '
coup.
As one who particularly appreciated
'Leah's lette¡
l.WlN, 8/14/751 puncturing
Dan Berrigan's mæculine pomposity, l lvas
most anguished by her latest letter bccause
'of
she seemed in,danger
strccumbing to the
very same "c,grrect line" ideology that she
7. Changes
19. Reyiews
Cover: Drawing by Paul Spina.
STAFF
.
Maris Cakars
.
Susan Cakars
Dnight Ernest . Mary Mayo . Susan Pines
Fred Rosen
.
Murray Rosenblith
UNINDICTED
CO.CONSPIRATORS
B¡rri, Lrnca Balvlll. . Tom Bruckar i ':
Jarry Coffnù' LynnaShrtzhln Coilnr
'j
Ann Orvldon. Dl¡n. O.vl.¡. Ruth D.rr
R¡lph ÞlGl¡rr Brlrn Doh.rty. Wllll.m Oouth.idi
Jrn
Krran Durblnt, Chuck F¡g¡r. S.th Foldy -..:t.'
' ,.,1 ;i
Jlm For.¡t. Lalh Frltz. Lrrry Glrr
Joåñ Llbby
Hlwkr.
NGll
H¡úorth.
Ed H¡dcnilnn
Grôcå Hodcmann. Hcndrlk H€rtzbcrgr
Karla Jay. Marty Jezerr. Becky Johnson
Nancy Johnson. Paul Johnson, Alison Karpel
Cralg KarÞel . John Kyper. Elllot Llnzôrt
Jâck5on Mac Low. Davld McR€ynoldsr
Dâvld Morrls. lvtark Moirlsr ' Jlm Pcck
Trd Rlchrrds. larl Ròodcnko'Nåncy Roscn
Ed srndârl, wqñdy schwrrtzr. Mrrth! Thoma¡at
¡it Úrcrow. ¡ilcñ Young . S.vrrly vüoogwrro
t Mamö.i ol WIN .Editoriå¡ BoòÍrl.
.
i.
,
Box 547 / Rifton / New lork 12471
Telcphone: 91 ¡l-339-4585
$40,000
$45,000
$50,000
WIN ls pubtt¡hrd w..kty cxcepi for tho frst
two warks ln Janu¡ry, thc last wsok ln Mtrch,
thc llßt wÊck ln Junc, thc lrst two wsek¡ lri
¡ug.rl!!, .nd th. ltrst two wrcks tn S.ptrmbrÌ
Pv ry!!.N. Mrgrztn. tnc. wlth ttrc sudpori oi
tha Wtr R.rl¡tcrs Lêåguè Subscrlpt¡óns rra
plr y.!r. S.cond ctür portegb p¡td tt
l]f
N.w York, NY ¡0001. tndtvidutt -wrti¡r¡ rr¡
.xpr.r¡.d Ind rccurtcy
-oplnlon¡
ot fact¡ glv.n. Sorry-m.nurcrlpt¡
c¡nnot b¡ ró
turnad unlat¡ tccomp¡nl.d by-! ralf,addra¡¡ad
prtnt.d ¡n USA
¡t¡mp.C.nv.lopa
ra-agonrlÞla for
WIN 3
,ìt
'
'
q
'thoto
by
cam smtt
As economic compet¡tlon omong mony dlsødvontoged
nations hqightens, it may be to a countryts odvantoge
to insure a peaceful, naturol envlronment for ltself
ond o disturbed envifonment for lts competitots. . .
Such,a secret war need never be declored or known by
the offected populotions. . .The yeorc ofdrought ønd
storm could be ottributed to unkindly ¡toture
-Dr. Gordan J.F. MacDonald, former mernber"of the
Presídent's Council on Environmental Qual¡ty
-hearings before the US Senaten |an.25,1974
Mark Looney is o p.eoce act¡v¡st based i.n l'lashington,DC
4 WtN
Let me soy this before rain becomes o ut¡lity thdt they
plan and distribute for money: By "they" I mean
the people who cannot understond.that rain ls o festìual, who do not oppreciate the gratuity, who think
thatwhat has no price has no volue, thot what connot
be sold is not reol, so that the only way to make something octuol is to place it on the market. The time
will come when they will sell you even. your min.
-Thomas Merton, " Rain and the Rhinocerous"
from RaÌds on the Unspeakoble
Modern weaponry ¡n the 20th century has increasing:
ly shocked us with its vast array of sophisticated
scientific instruments of death. From the ruins of
Hiroshima to the iungles of lndochina, we have see4
con
the devastating results of the misuse of science and
the misappropriation of resources by the Alherican
government. lndochina served as a testing ground for
[hese new weapons. lt also served as the proviirg
groundbf US imperialism for controlpf the Third
World. The war changed from Arherican combat
'troups and counter-þuerrilla warfare to autonqated
battlefields; direct himan contact by Americans was
removed further and ff¡rther as protests grew at home.
ln a world where nâtions are increasJngly choosing
socialism'to redesign their'societies, it is likely,that
the US government will implement a policy of covert
warfare for the Third.World. AlJende's Chile was an
example of such activity. A case san be made that the
Americari gorúernment is currently waging a ú¡ar with
the rest of the world for control of mineral resources
through increasing domination of the world'S food
supply. Food has become a weapon;qf our countryperhaps more powerful and subtle thán all the shiÞs,
bombs and planes in the American military garrisons.
We have only begun to realize the existence and
ramifications of this food war. ln this same conflict,
añothcr weapon thát was used extensively in Vietnam
appears-weather modification.
For the past 80 years the Ameri,can government has
been sin king money into a myriad of weather
meddling experiments. Two early experimenters were
C.W. Post of Post (Toasties) Cereal fame, who con- ;
ducted private rainmaking tests with bombs in 19111912, and Charles Warren Hatfield, who roamed the
land with his 26 foot fuming platform. ln the 1930's
many ofher countries,began to get.involved in the act,
such as the Russians and the Germans. Big advances in
weather tar.npering were made during World War ll by
Uncle Sam and General Electric who employed lrving
Langmuir, Vincent Schaefer and Bernard Vonnegut
(for all you weather mod triviäfans that's Kurt's
brother) to develop chemicals such as dry ice for rainmaking. Directly after the war many drought expgriments were executed by the Air Force over the Southwest which enraged Texas cattle farmqrs. As chemicals
produced ran through cloud seeding, it was also discovered that overseeding led to extensive cold dissipation and droughts
Corporations have developed whose sole activity is
to change our weather. Dr. lrving Krick est¿blished
the first one in 1950, Water Resources Development
Corporation, which contracted w¡th various governments, domestic and foreign, and with farmers. ln the
early 1950's, it was estimated that 1Ùo/o of the US territory wæ having its weather modified. ln 1957 lke
appointed a Committee on Weather Control that concluded that weather modific4tion is wonderful and
should be funded by the govêrnment. During the 50's
numerous American military figures stressed the
importance of developing weather modification as a
$reapon before the Russians did.
Weather modification, more specifically rain
modification, was a complicated scientjfic weapon that
the American military experimented with ¡n North
Vietnam, South Vietnam and Laos from'1967-1972.
Due to the efforts of Senator Clairborne Pell and the
Chicago Science for Vietnam Collective a wealth of
information on military weather tamperíng in lndo
cli¡na and elsewhere wás collected during hlarings held
in the summer of "1972 and early 1974. Fall's rjhief
motivat¡ons were to flush out information on what
occurred in lndochina to enlighten world opinion and
hopefully to enact international treaties banning
weather and environmenhl warfare. After much lying
'
(Laird once told Fulbright that they never used weather
,modification in lndochina) and stalling, a secret (now
unclassified) session was held between Pell, Sen. Case,
and milltary brass on March 2O '1974, regarding lnde
china. This hearing revealed the Pentagon soaked a
total of $21.3 million in flying 2,602 rainmaking
I
sorties over lndochina between
Lt. Col. Ed Soyster testifiêd that in October 1966
the Pentagon ran a series of testsjo determine if they
could increase rainfall over parts qf lndochina¡ eoh,
Soyster stated that the program was to determ¡ne ¡f '
íncreased rainfall could further soften roads, cause'
'1967-'1972.
landslides, wash out river crossings and in general aug:
ment poor traffic conditiorìs. By November
the tests were completed and it wæ concluded that
cl oudseecli nf to indu ce additional : rai n over infi ltration
routes "could be used as a valuable tactical weapon."
On March 20,1967, the Pentagon bèg¿n cloudseeding
"
ôperations over North Viçtnani using WC-1 30rveather
reconnaissance and RF-4C photô reconnaissance aircraft. According to the heaiings, rainfall was increased
9,1966, r
'by.over 3Ùo/oinlselected areas. Apparently the first
time weather modification wæ acnrally used ¡n Viêt
nam was over Hue in 1963 by the ClA.
It is important to examine the, ñil¡táry woather .
modification apparatüs and the inTerconnected "civilian" agencies that are involved. Although Air Forcè,
Army and Navy units have all been act¡vely researçh'ing
and testing weather modification as a weapon,
lndocl¡ína weaüher weaponry w.as coord¡nated b"y the
',
Air Forçq-more Fpecifically by Air Weather Service.
This umbrella weather agency of the A¡r Force has
been writing det¿iled exposes on the weather of other
countries since the mid-'|94O's. Global Weather Con
trol at Offet Field near Omaha, Nebraska and Scott Air
Field in East St. Louis are two important bases for A¡r
Weather Servicg but the most important weather
modification research was conducted by sciçntists at
the Cambridge Research Laboratories at Hanscom
Field outside qf Boston. This base worked closely on
the lndochina rainmaking operations.
Along with Hanscom Field, another key bæe ir the
Navy's China Lake Base, China Lake, California (neqr
Los Angeles). Pierre St. Amand, the top rnilitary
weathef modification expert testified before Senator
Pellrs subcommittee in January of 1974 describing
their work. Rain control is top on their agenda and
they have the technology. Yet they have also been
able to clear fog rèduce hâil, influence cloud formation, snow and lightning This base has dispersed fog
fn the Panama C¡nel Zone; produced rain in lndia
(after drought), produced rain in Okinawa'and the
Phillippines in 1969 and'1971 respectively. Afgharf¡stan, Argentina,Brazil, Chile, Cypìus, Ethiopià, Iran,'
Kenya, Libya and Taiwan also petitioned this base to
assist in weather modification. Over 60 countries have
contracted for the services of private US weather
modifi cation corporations. Au stral ia, Braz il, I nilia,
lsrael, Japan, Mexico, Phillippines, Soviet Union,
France, Canadapnd ltaly all have ac,tive weather
modification.programs of their own. Yet the Un¡ted
States'seems to have the most developed technology.
Our advanced computerization of weather information gives us a considerable edge in perfecting weather
'
as a weapon.
Both thç Air Force and Navy maintain their own
weather satellite systems. Several very sophisticated
satellites have been kept aloft for the last nine years.
The Navy's Fleet Numerical Weather Control in
Monterel4, California and the Air Force's Global
Weather Control serve as the command bases for these
wtN
5
ri
..4,
I
i
i
I
despite an ou.tward "civilian" appeärances.) Many of
the first satellites in the 1950's were weathór satellites.
A total of 22 TIROS and ITOS weather satellites were
launched. Weather rockets are launched frequently by
NASA at'Wallops lsland, Virginia. I LLIAC 4 weather'
modification computers are operated jointly by DOD
l
l
L
and NASA at NASA's Ames Research-Center at Moffet
Field, California. The purpose of these computers,
which were installed in 1973, is to study how humanmade changes in the weather affect the global climate.
I
Manned spaceflights such as Skylab alsolollected in-
,
form¿tion on weather. At the NASA LBJ Space Center in Houston, Texas, displays and movies iefer to the
use of this information in relation to weather modifca-
l
tion research.
\
Numerous unclassifed documents indicate that the
Army is also heavily involved in weather modification
research at places like the
Army Electronics Conr
mand Base at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, the Cold
R9Si9n¡ Lab at Hanover, New Harnpihire ând various
missile bases such as the Army Missile Command at
Huntsville,-Alabama and the US Signal Missile Support
Agency at Whitç Sands, New Mexiðo. The whole US
government weather scene is dominated by the mili- '
tary. The "civilian" US Weather Service was created by
the Army Signal Corps. Today the Weather Service anâ
its parent organization the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are overflowing
with old and active Air Weather Se.rvice-Air Force "
people. Dr. George Crossman, present Director of the
Bureau, worked computerizing the.Air Forbe before he
came to the Weather Bureau. Now the Weather Bureau
is being totally computerized by Crossman.
\
Meteorological schools are also iwamped bv thd
military with scholarships, jobs (OOD is the largest
employer of weatherpeople) contracts, consultint feei,
etc.
Various civilian ag'encies are extensively involved in
weather tampering research includíne the Deot. of
Transportation, lnterior, Commerce -(NOAA), National
-
6 WIN
House hearings this summer was withdrawn: Two years
I
ago the Senate passed a resolution calling for an inter-
cause severe ond protracted drought during.the grow
lng season in a country dependent on certain crops for
national treaty to ban weathef modification. Thq
House has yet to act on this resolufion, but its Sub'
committee on lnternational Relatipns þ¿5 þes¡*" '4 .
frustrated in its attempts to shape a strong treaty wilh
tl¡e Ford Administration. Letters sent by House Coñgressional members have enjoyed weak or no responses
food and forelgn exchànge.
n August of '1974, the Office of Political Re'
searchif the CIA ieleased an imbórbnt report
titled "Potential lmplications of Trends in
f
agency that is heavily dorninated by the military
l
fication resolution to evaluate and disseminate all
research information. Government witnesses at Congressional hearings have often given little information,
èxcept for St. Amand, unless they were pressured.
The only government witness scheduled to appear at
Stroteg¡c use would be use that tended to ugset the
economy of another country {or o long perlöd of time,
.or to cause extensive domoge to the crops of thot
country. , .lt might, to.toke o negative vÌewpolnt, be
advontageous to couse heavy roin during planting
seoson to preclude sprouting and þrowth pnd then to
operations. High over our heads the military weather
satellites are providing both visiblelight infiared
imagery for day and night cloud surueillance in addition to making vertical temperature profiles. This data
from the satellites is received at secret ground stations
around the world and is converted to digital computer
format at the two base stations. When tñis system was
reyealed three years ago, then Under-Secretárv of the
Air.Force John McLucas revealed that ,,certaín aspects
of the data system remain classified.,'
NASA satellites have contributed a great deal to
the military's understanding of weathei. (NASA is an
I
,
Science Foundation, AEÇ Agriculture, etc. We can as
sume that the numerous expelimental proiects funded
are of value to the m¡litary. project Stormiury, a joint
DOD and Commerce operation ieeded four hûrrióanes
to affect their course between 1961-1971 . Numerous
other projects with names like Climax, Wh¡teióp, ãñã
others involved numerous civilian Fedôral asencies in
from Ford's
'
'
US.
.
rainmaking experiments prior to use in Vietiam.
Controlling rain has been at the top of the list for
the military-not.only increasing it, but stopping it. A
great deal of work has been donè on cloud äispeïion
which results in droughts. ln the late 1940's, tile Air
Force discovered to the disgust and anger ofTexas and
Arizona cattle ranchers thaa drought cõuld bè created
th rou gh overseed ing. Weather modification expert
Gordan MacDonald confirms thís in his article ,,How
to Wreck the Environment,' from lJnless peoce Comes:
Preltminary anolysis suggests that there is:no effect
20&300 mlles down range but thot continued seeding
ove,r o long stretch of dry land clearly could remove
sufficÌent moisture to prevent roin t00 miles down
wind. This extended effect leods to the possibilÌty of
covertly removing moìsture from the aimosphere so ,
that o'natìon dependent on Woter vopor crossing o. t
competitor country could be subjected to yeori of
drought. The operotion could be conceoled bv the
stotisticol irregularity of the atmosphere. A iotlon
possess i ng su p e ri or t ech no I ogy i n env i ron m en ta I
monipulation could damoge on adversary without re-,
veøling iß intent,
ln addition to rain tampering (the more publicized
aspect of weather modification) numerous military experiments and research have been conducted with'
missiles to effect atmospheric temperature and ozone
content. Much of this research seems to be centered at
Hanscom Field. This work which began in the early
1960's, studied the effect of the releãse of various
gases and other substairces on the temperature of the
upper atmosphere. Rocket exhaust materials ôan apparently ch_ange termp.erature and electron density-¿¡¡
of which affects rainfall. Ozone research Uy the military has also tjeen developed in relation to temÞerature. lt is generally admítted that a weakened ozone
belt could create climate changes. A thinnins of the
ozone layer aroqnd the globe could mean a ðrop in
temperature, wind shifts, which would affect rainfall,
desert belts and sea levels.
Why would the United States government have such
a strong interest in contr_olling the rain and temperatrlre? Perhaps the answer was supplied by pierre St.
Amand, Director of the Nayv's China Ljke Base, when
he appeared before Senator Pell's Sub-Committee on
January 25, "1974:
World Population, Food Píoduction and;Climate," The report describes how providing
adequate food stocks for the world will-þecome
an increasing problem in thé years ahead with a
key role falling to the
,il
. . .in the
of odrrrse chonges in clìmote,
"rtnìt
the outcome
cøn only be grwe, . , The US now
provides nearly three fourths of the world's net
groin exports and ìts role ii almost certo¡n to
grow over the next severol decades. The world's
increasing dependence on American surpluses
portends an increase in.US power and influence,
especiolly visa-vls the food defrcit poor countires lndeed, ¡n time of shortoges the US wìll
face dlfficult choices about how to allocate its
surpluses between affiuent purchaserc and the
hungry world. The implÌcotìons for the world
food situation and for US lnterests could be
considerobly greoter if clìmotologists who believe o cooling trend is undenuay prove to be
right, lf the trend continue!; for several decades
there would olmost certoinly,be on obsolute
shortoge of food. The high-latitude areas, lncluding the USSR ond North China, would experience'shortèr growìng seasons and a drop in'
output. The monsoon-fed lands in Asia and Africo would olso be adversely affec.tgd. US production would probably not be hurt much. As
custodian of the.bulk of the world's exportable
grain, the US might regain the primacy in
world affairs it held in the immediate past
World War ll era. . . . . ln the poor and powerless
areas, population would have to drop to levels
thotläuid be supported. The poputotion problem would have solved itself in thë most unpleasant foshion.
ln1972 Radio Havana charged that the CIA had
modified Cuba's rainfall to affect her sugar crop. The
Thai government has modified weather against liberation troops in its northeast sector according to hearings held before the House last Septeniber. Rhodesia
was accused by her neighbors of weather warfare in
'1973. Dr. Jorge Vivq director of the Georgraphic
Research Center of the University of Mexico, charged
that the United Statés artifically detoured Hurrican
Fifi into Honduras last year to save Florida's tourist
industry. This charge wâs denied by the US govern-
aides.
As a result of the .f uly 1974 Nixon-Brezhnev sum-
I
mit and weather modification communigue, American
and Russian negotiators bargained three times ih the
læt year to prevent a draft treaty to the United Nations this August. Numerbus arrñs control experts
view this treaty as weak since ít prohibits only
catastrophic use of weather modification that has
wi d çspread, severe, I on g- lasti ng effects. Sh ort-term
tactical bans and bans on small areas wêre ¡ntent¡onally absent from the proposed treaty. Many feel that
American deployment of rainmakin$ in lndocbina
would not be banned by the treaty'. This.draft treaty
will be discussed in the UN General Assembly and
, probably will be acted upon when the Geneva Dis.
armament Conference reconvenes in February.
Weathbr modification is something that requires at
tention, investigation; protest and civil disobedience.
The military bases and their personnel need to be
studied. Congress should inquire into possiblç current
use of weathér modification in'relatíon to food production. ln this upcoming election year, Ford and other
candidates ought to be confronted with weather modifcation as an issue. Above all, in a world where na.
tions are increasingly discarding capitalism as an
antique and dangerous system, we need to build a
more united movement for democratic socialism in
America.
To give food aid to countrles just because people are
staving is o pretty weak reason.
-Danny Ellerman,
Staffperson,
US National Security Council
Posr, Decemb er 9, 197 4
llÌash.i ngton
Staruotion, hunger and food shortages wilt unleosh
and shorpen att the basic controdictìons, The imperiolists will respond with solutions like populatìon control, war and greøter monopoly power, But hunger ìs
too stork ond the conflict irrecoíciliable, The situation
could well defrne the coming period.
-Prai rie Fì ré,,Wezther Underground,
ment.
Yet the record of the US government in weather
of lies anä deception. Along with
lies to Fulbright about use in Vietnam, the US
delegation to the Stockholm Environmental Conference in 1972 weakened a clause in a weather modi-
modification is one
' .Laird's
,
wlN
7
-t
.l
Although the American losses in SE Asia appear to
a poticy re-think in that ur"" of ih. ruorld,
-lg.-:1lr:d
rhe chang¡ng pattern of events in Southern Africa
since the coup in portugal in April 1974, do not seem
Ì
l
to have had a símiliar effecl Even beforó the changei
in Portugal, US policy rowards Southeìn Ãñca;ä9r.rr4 g!.r support for the white minoriry regimes, and
this drift seems to have strengthened over tñe lasl l2
months. Both the Organizatiõn of African ùnits
(O{_U] ana the liberaiion rou"rànö *ãie iriticat of
the US decision ro repl-ace Donald Earu,
S;cr.r;;y
of State for African affairs with Nathaniel Oav¡s, wñi
was ambassador to Chile at the time of Allende'i
over-
l
l
I
l
t
throw.
.
T!gr. has also been íncreasing collusion between
the US and South African miliralry, srppôrtãã-úySecre?ry.of Srår9 H9¡ry..(isingei. inïpiii,
ì
sentarive. Les Aspin (D-Wis) reveãled thai uíder
ä conqaï ytg a company called US Nuclear CorÞoration
0gr,. I enn.,
US has senr 97 tbs. of highly
-"]_y_1* ff uranium to _rhe
ennched
Soutlr Africa over the last yeãr, '
with,a balance of 28lbs. still due to be ¿etiuãre¿ under the terms of the same contract_enough to make
nine atomic bombs. Rep. Aspin tdded rh;¿',;sourh
Africa has the féar ro wanr ti¡ Uuit¿ a Uómú
has the rechnical skill to be able to Uuilli
UãmU.,,
South Africa has not signed rhe nuririr' nãñ_óiäjif.r_
tion treaty.
']
n.ór"
L
--Jii'
ïhe_tilt in US policy goes back ro National Se
curity-_Study Memorandum 39 (NSSM 39)dnwn up
in 1969, and approved by ex-pràsidentñ¡lõn ¡n
tebruary 1.970. The content ívas revealed in an article
in Es.quire in October 1974 by Tad Szulc unJer the
lea.ding "Why are we in Johañn.ab*g? Ãñ ;clusive
rooK at your government,s bright new idea.', The
document showed a tilt towards the white minority
q
regimes in the context of mounting'aangãri'öoseA
to
thery.
black liberarion movemen-rs, bür du; toìh;
þ¡r
sensibilities of certain se-ctions of nníericâñ ãp¡n¡ðn,
the new p_otícy was
tty ãonüi;ã.îh;iarionat
security Council
""r"t
lntêrdepartmental
Group for
Africi
laa
!99t9$ ar five policy-opríons ,,Tar,ñóírn-ôpììänz, wìich
then acquired the name "n¿ Baby," after
the Brer Rabbit story ! The fundamenhl asóúmption
ot the memorandum ùas: ,,The whites are here to
a1d the only way that constructive change can
ltayr
come about is through them. There is no hope"for
the
to gain the.polirical rights they seek tiìrough
9]1:-kr
v¡otence, which,will only lead to chaos and increalsed
opportunities for the Communists. We can, by setec_
tive relaxation of our stance towards the níhiríe
regimes,- encourage some modification of theìicur.
rent racial and colonial policies and through more
substantial economic asi¡srance to the uliäi itatei
Peter lones is a member of the Namibio Transnational
-
Collective ond European Utorkgroiþ
[fO:nj.-
1
based
at Norfotk, Virlinia¡ until
approved the
otawa
.
o" Ãt"rli¡ä'[u"tions which included direcr support foiñnf-O ìlær_
vention ourside rhe Charrer arää in Árt¡¿tá ìb_t
first time that NATO has offciaily appiovã¿ ãf suctr
"
a move! ln December 1974 the
lohonnesburo Stor
paften, repórted from
eirisels:
.9.9r¡qspo¡d9n! Tim
"NATO Defense Ministers áre maintaíni"¿
cloak.of sec-recy but ir has been ma¿eii"äipriü¿rely
that the defense of the Cape sea route is wdlí ioveár¿'¡
in a contingen cy ptan, and'that Sortñ Ãfritä'doula
rece¡ve naval assistance if the oil route was threatened.
This conctusion was given io
iäuOî rr-ans or
ñ i;ih;
NATO headquarters while the Defense Minii
ters of the 15 NATO member countries met in
restricted session of the Defense planning õômmittee.
The conclusion does not constitute a .lea"k,-irom the
highþ secretive SACLANT rtray ãn tt ã-inji¿î or"rn
and Cape route which has been únder way foi more
rhan two.years, bur it is rhe firsr hint tt
ti",ã iépórt
rgnlin.ggncy-ptans have been given a"inòa ofäf.,
1!d
pr.oy?|. Details of the contingency-plan as well as
SACLANT's obvious dealiniwitÉ it,e Sált¡ Áirican
Defense Forces through ,a ,ñrmo"i càrntry; *iir ..r_
ta¡nly.neryer be gíven. The assurance, from ã wellplaced NATO source has, however, únveiled
that contact was made wirh south Àrrrci
and that the conclusions have almost cóa¡niv U""n
relayed to Mr. Vorster's Government. ln a óiér,
ference the US Defense Secretary tvtr. JamJs ictrles"on,
inger refused to be drawn out on the súbject, Àsked
jr;i;;iü;;ï-'
which'ij headed by South Africa critic
Rep-. Charles
(ln January 1975 Rep. Diggs was refused avisa
toiÏsit'Soúth Afiica after goingið Mozambique and
Diggs.
"
was confined to the transit secfiõn of theJan Smuts
lnternational Airport in Johannesburg.)
ln May '1914 i't was reported that tlvo Washington
attorneys specializing in political lobbying Donald
DeKieffer and Thomãs Shannon, of thefirm of Collier,
Shannon, Rill and Edwards, had been operat¡n-g'ras
agents of the South African Department of lnformation in an attempt to change American policies on
South Africa without knowledge of the South Afrþ
can Embæsy in Washington."-ior as it turned out, of
the US State Department either. They were paid by
the Deputy Secret¿ry of lnformation at the Qepart'
menq Mr.'L.E.S. de Villiers, at asalary-of $50 an hour.'
They'lobbied key Congressmen, including Thomæ E.
Morgan; an arrangemeñt which only camé to light
wheñ D'eKieffer plotested to the State Department
aeainst its refusai of a visa for Admiral Hugo H. Bierrñann. Admiral Biermann is Commander-in-Chief of the
South African Defense Forces and his original application for'd visa was turned down by the State Depart'
ment: the decision was overruled at a h¡gher level-the
matter went to Henry Kissinger's offce. Admiral Biermânn arrived in May on a tourist visa and called on Acting Secretary of the Navy, J'. William Middendorf,
o
8 WIN
hoÍiê."
ments and acts as liâson between foreign buyers and
US exporters of arqlaments. Later he met Rgna!-d
Reagan, the editorial staffs of The Los Angeles Tlmes
andlhe New York Times, and in Washington he saw
House Maiority leader Tip O'Neil, and Rep, Thomas
Morgan, chairman of the-þlouse Foreign Affairs Committõe, parent body of the Subcornmittee on Africa
Dectaratìãn
BY Peter
D Jones
USÄas a person.al guest, bui Pretoria said that
V¡ã" ÿtit.t'Johnsonîould not have time to iò1nei1'
tfris vear becaúse of service cornmitements-they de-"'
,clined however to comment on whether he would visit
the US at a later date. Early in 1975 s!1 US Congress
meniisited South Africa led by Bob Wilson of California, Senior, Republiôan on the US Armed Services
Öomniittee, Wilsón said that he wanted to bring-an..
official American committee to explore the possibility
of using Simonstown as an American naVal base. He
went oñ to sav that he had been keen to discuss'the
oãiriu¡iiw ,näfrciallv durins the visi! but predicted
trtat tre dóuid "have â problem selling the idea at
Frãr¡Jrtit Ford, and'later with Vice Admiral-Ray Peet
in the lnternatíonal Security Affairs offce which oyer'
sees sales of military equipment to foreign govern'
Mttitis;.-
";;;;;;;
i¡.
Embæsy in Washington. Hé conferred with.then Vice
was asked to implement the directive, and he ordered
hrs staft to prepare plans on how the NATO forces
could protect the sea lanes aroun'd the Cape of Good
Hope in an emergency. ln June t gZ+ thã ñãrih ¡r_
tantic Council and the Heads of NATO qovernments
I
Mr.
commander of SACLANT (Supreme Allied Command
Atlanric
then went to a dinner hosted by Rep. Robert E. Baurnann, and,reported¡y attended by 17 US admirals.
Before lèaving he met Admiral Thomal!. ll-oorer,
retirins chairman of the f oint Chiefs of Staff.'
ln'Ñovember, Senatoi Louis Wyman, a member of
the US Commitiee on Appropriation and 4 member of
the subcommittee on defense, invited Vice Admir:al J'
Af¡igan Navy, to visit
f ohhson, Chief of the South
about the German concern (which had criticiscd
Britain for its decision to scr4p the Simonstown Agree
ment this ,f une) as,well as NATO and US attitud"es
to*irãr lhe ¿eiense of the cape sea'route, Mr.
órflËti"eti.dopte¿ tne well-worn NATO line of'non¡
involvemlnt ouiside the NATO area. Despite
Schlesineer's line, one diplomatic source hinteU that
the nego-tiatíons betweo¡ the British and South African gãveinme4ts to,erid the Simönstown Agreement
*tùf ¿ U" based'on tlle assurance that the sea-route
was còvered in the NATO contingency plan'"
What is quite evident is that the changes in Angola
and Mozambique have not alterèd lhe US policy
direction in any way, despite the completely false
assumptions behind NSSM 39-"there is no hope for
th'e blàcks to gain the political rights they see(
through violeñce." Two importani-visi-t¡ were made
by Soúth African offcials to the USAtr$ the [rs-thalf
'ot lgl+.ln Januâry, Connie Mulder, Söuth African
. Minister of the lnterior and of lnformation, and
tipped as Vorster's successor, made a hush-hush vtsit
td itre US¡ on a trip arranged by the South Afriga¡
help to draw the two groups together and exert some
influence on both forÞeacetuI ðt
ó,i-ångibte
interests form a bæis for our contacis
"ng".in itr. refion,
and these can be maintained at an acceptaUle pätitiäat
cosL" This was based on the guiding piinciptes of
American policy in rhe area: õolidcãl'stabitiiy ana
current containment of Communist influences in Af.
rica's southern zone; cohtinued use ofair and naval
fac¡lities in South Africa and the portuguese colonies
in sJ.¡pport of US naval presence in ttre ín¿lan Ocean
and other activìties; easy access to South Airica's raw
notably.uranium; and concern witfr ordeily
f{griaþ
trading in her gold. To this extent the US already hií
a numberof agreements with South Africa, and ihe
CIA and th.e South African secret services fooperate
closely witlr each other under an agreement similar to
that accorded to NATO governmeñß.
Further involvement wittr NRTO arose from the ,
recommendation.of a sub-committee of the Military
Committee of the North Atlantic Àtr.rOiv headed
by the right-wing Br,itish Conservative nf Þ ånJu"marine, Patrick Wall, to plan for the protection of the
Cape route. U!-fll.ayV A.dmi¡al Ralph Cousins, top
,
'
'
.
considerations: ¡ts stñtegic value in relation to
the tndian Ocean and thè oil route from the Përsian
Gulf to North Americá, and its role as a supplier of
valuable minerals (particularly from the contested
international terridôry of Namibia, formerly South
West Africa.) Fressuró hæ been growing steadily this
vear for an Ámerican interest in the, British naval base
ät Oiego Garcia in the lndiah Ocean, while interest
in Soulh Africa hæ also increased due to the energy
cri3is and growing demand for strategic minerals. A
secret US ituay cãlled the 'JCritical lmported Minerals
Report'r stressed that South Africa was the major
sudplier to the Wesf of gold, chrome and platinumali,ót which are available in quantity elsewhere only
in the USSR. lt also expressed the fear that unrest in
South Africa could disrupt the flow of mineral sup .
plies to North America and Western Europe, therehy.
lhreatening Western security, and went on to assert
that the sea lanes around the southern tip of Africa
are the most crucial naval areâ in thq world. Also at
stake for several allied powers is the enorm-ous uranium
mine in Namibia, initiated by the l-ondon þased Rio
. Tinto Zinc Corporat¡on, which has contracts to sell
substantial ¿mounts of iiranium to Br¡ta¡n, Frarice
and Japan between 1976 and the 1980's. Tþese considei¿ticins were paramount ¡n the triple veto exerciped
twice in the last year in the Seci¡r¡ty Council by
Britain, France and the USA, to save South Africa boÍh
from expulsion from the UN and sanctions propose{
to force her from her illegal occtrþetion of Namibia
which she refused to leave following the end of the
Security Council deadline on May 30th this year.
,lf Amerícan investment
was redirected away from
South ,Africa, the US would not merely end its supoort of racism and hasten the fall of a white supremabist regime in Africa,þut might contributq more
signifiõantly to the econorûic development of the resi
oiAfrica, as well as reduce tlre dangers of a world.
conflict between the supþr-powers on the basis of a
black;white axis, let alone a rich:poor one. At the
moment Africa is fairly clear of Cold War politics
comoared to Asia or Europe, but if South Africa
dragi ttre US and NATO powers into the defense of
, her-dream of an anti-communist Southern Africa
political'ând economic market, thén the dangers of a
þeater confrontati on are im meast¡ rably i ncreased.
wrN 9
rit
i.
attacks are made against the Commtlnist Party- it is' not
only against the Pa-rty, it is against the.left in"Portugal
An IntenvÍw wÍth
an
titisÏt the easiest way to attack the left. Among the
organs of power, the Assembly is the most independJnt otguñ of pówer, and the nearest tq our idea of a
as
1
I
1
BY Fned Sfrasser
This interview with a member of the Armed Forces
Assembly took place in Lisbon on August 25, "lg7S.
He was a deserter fror¡l the army prioito the'April
25th revolution and liúed in various countries o?
Europe where he was active in the anti-Fascíst move
ment against the Portuguese government. He has
participated in b¡nkrobberies and raids on the
Portuguese consulates/embassies as a member of that
movement. He returned, to the army after the 25th
of April coup and now holds a position equivalent to
lieutenant in the US, in command of 150 men.
Could you ìntroduce yourself?
I am an officer of the Portuguese Army from a fprce
of the urban guerrilla trained men, I am one of the
members of the M FA Assembly. I'am an old deserter
th.e, Portuguese army before the 25th of April,
.f19m
'74, and have lived in France and Belgium and l-iol-'
land. Sometimes, during this exile, I came to'pora carry on political work with various organizallS:l
1
îHJ*
exptaÌn whot the Armed Forces
Assembty
The.various kinds of power in Portugal are not very
rigid now. We have no consultative organ nor a constitutional assembly, a real constitutional assembly.
We have some organs of power which are at the same
time executive and consultative, and one of these
organs is the Assembly of the MFA. After the 25th
of April, a long evolution took place in these organs
and in the definition of positions of each person-who
was.in those organi, io the Armed Forces'Assembly
hæ lost its reactionary members. Noù I can say thát
it is really an organ of the revolutionary left and is
more or less like a national assemblv in the armed
forces. Becauso it is the armed forcés that are the
leading forces, the role of the assembly is really the
role of the national assembly, civilian type of ássembly
How do the people who are on the Assembly get to be
on the AssemblyT
Fred'Strasser has been in Lisbon since March.
10 WIN
It's a process of varíous kinds of elections 3nd appointments. For example, the elected representatives of the
various military regions are on the Assembly. There
are also members directly named by Otello Carvalhq
and by the President of the Republic, General Costa
Gomes, and by the Revolutionary Council and by the
headquarters of each branch of the Armed Forces
(Army, Navy, and the Air Force).
lilere you elected by your men?
Yes, I have been elected in my regime.nt a_nd in
.the ,
meeting of representatives of eacñ unit of my regrment I was elected to represent my regiment in t-he
MFA Assembly in Lisbon.
I
l
non-par:tisan movemçnt and the creation of p-opular .
po*tt. I will trv to explain what I mean by tþe words,
'ipopular powei¡' and 'lrevolutionary left."
Popular power is thé development ofspontaneous
kinds of organizations and of acting and the develop'
ment of self-sufficiency in people. The local organs
that have been created in Portugal and that now defend popular power are the comrnissions of neighborhoods, the revolutionary councils bf w-orkers,,the
rural ievoíutionary cùoperatives, the factory councils,
the autogestion councils in factories and villages, the
self-defense groups that are now armed in villågesbeing created in border-villages-to dFfend Portugal
from the introduction of weapons froïn the Fascists
in Spain and to stop the flight of capital into Spain
which is very ilangerous to the revolutionary economy.
When I say the revolutionary left I mean those
people in many countries who have developed politics
and now understand that the party is not important.
The really import¿nt point of politics is to create
popular pow"r. The people who really do work in this
iine, whó do practical work, I consider to be making
popular power. There are some political organizations
tnát coui¿ be termed in the revolutionary left, they
aie LUAR (League of Revolutionary Action and
Unity)and ttre PRp (Revolutionary Party of the
Proleáriat). Prior to'the 25th of April, they.were based
in Belgium and France and did guerilla activity in .
Portufal. After the 25th of April coup,.they directly
worked in the construction of the revolutionary councils, in the case-of PRP, and in the case of LUAR in
' . the construction of rural co'operatives.
There is a campaign in the capitalist press-and its
other face, the sociaf democratic press-to present the
idea that we are close to a dictatorship. This is com'
' pletely
untrue. The people who have Lived under a
fascist government for 48 years haVe experienced a
liberafión and an explosion of creativity and a dis'
covery of things like liberty of press, speech and ac'
tlon-the discovery of personal power which belongs
to each member of a revolutionary society. After all
these discoveries, the creation of a dictatorship by
these people,is almost impossible.
: /
.
Thä reäl danger of a dictatdrship is the tendency of /,
the capitalist press and governrnenlJ to say that the
/
:'
reds aie taking power iñPortugal, that it ¡s a rniliuiry
dictatorship, ãnd thdn refuse to deal with PorÛgal. " '
These governments are well known because of their'
stands;-historically, on behalf of capiølism against
revoluiionary peoþle. These are the social'democratic
t
rrrof. r"âq by the
;;;;;;ñ;dJr-'."üur
Shtes, and every government that is interested in Africa and the forrner colonies of Portugal. These were
the governments that wanted to help Portuga! when
Spinola was president iust after the April 25th revolu-.
tion. He was'a Nazi; he fought with the "Blue Legion"
of the Nazi's in Stalingrad and Leningrad and the
Spanish Civil War. He wæ part of the same college as
Goering and Rommel and the other leaders of
united
Nazisrn-in Germany. These goverhments wanted to
help us whert Spinola wæ in power becàuse they saw
the future of AÎrica in neqcolonist terms and the
future of Portugd as neocapitalist with some form of
-democracY.
When these governments saw that Spinola was
reiected and thãt this was really a revolution-the
complete transformation of each person's everydaylife ánd not only a transformation of the owners of
property or the'government-they stopped helping us
än¿ Uegân to figñt against us. Some months ago they
used Mãrio Soares, the leader of the Socialist'in-name
only Party, to fightus by attempting to make a coup
two or thiee times. They continue their campaign npw
by attacking the Communist party and the revoluticjnrep ressive social
ary left.
I think
it would be impossible for the US to make
it did on the 13th of'
a move against'Portugal like
Do you think the Assembly ¡s representat¡ve of the
mojority of the soldìers at th¡s t¡me?
No, t think the Assembly is a vanguard, a revolutionary vanguard at,this time; they are really the repre
sentatives of about half of the units of ihe country-
directly or indirectly. But I think that it's not so
important that it include everyone because the elections are made in the rneetings of the military units
and the units controlled by the fascist commãnders or
officers are very unreal and dangerous if they were allowed to elect members to the MfA Assem6ty.
ln the American
press they tend to put all the actions
octions of the Communist Party, how
much influence does the Communist Porty have in
the/ssembty? You used the words, "revóluüonary
left" earlier in the discussion,do you see the Com:
qtqn_ist Party being different from the revolutionary
of the MFA
os
left?
It
is certain that the Communist Party has representa-
tion in'the Assembly of the MFA, but it is certain that
the Assembly'is not controlled by the Communist
Party. There are a lot of rumors of the control of the
grgans of power by the Communist Party. We pei,haps
don't agree with the Communist Party, but when the
Demonstratioñ ln L¡sbon bY the
People's Öemocratic Un ion
against the goìrernment on
Sèptember 2E, Photo by Rosott€
corryell/LNS.
wlN
11
{
'.,7
March this year, two days after Spinola,s had failed.
Then it stationed its warships off the coast of poftu_
gal to put military pressure on us.
also various cases of the election
You said before thot popular power Ìs ,,non-barûdor_
ion',' Cøn you tell us what thot mèons?
f rst commander.
Non-partidarian means that at the base it is not conparty and rhe peopte have made ideotogi!lgl1:.9,!f l
cat evaluat¡ons which permit them to do without a "
party. Because a party is something invented to make
a specific kind of society or power. But if ttte different
parties were reatly interested in the evolution ðC'-'-"people., they would only lead the people till peôple
could lead themselves. jl is ¡s the meåning oi nonpartidariàn. The people who are in those ñon-partidarian
organs have discovered that they can lead themselves,
that they have no need for leadórs. And this m"ins--'
something else also-that killing revolutionary leaders
in Portugal will not stop the reiolution.
l
l
I
Can
,]
yan glve on example of one of the orgons
of
\
populor power and how it functions?
Yes. For example the Neighborhood Commissions. ln
Portugat there are many people living in slums and
shantytowns. There are dso ã lot of iery olã-ñorres
that have no water or plumbing and so ón. So in each
village. o¡ region of the city, Coimmissioñs *.i. ,r..trd
buitding rhar wéren,r tived in, Uuiiaingi-tlh;
P [iqbe!h.remodelled
could
to make cafetênias ånd child"care
centers for the working people. This is the kind of
practical work of these Conimissions. The tin¿
of ¡nternal relations and work in the Commisions is
tl
L
I
I
variable from region to region, but noim;lltlhere
are very egalitarian roles. For example the áecision
to occu.py a house is made by all th'e members, and
normally. with the presence of the neigt bors. óniy the
.'
iltue dects¡ons are made by an executive qrouo.
oghlr kinds of orguns of poprrui pãr"åiãiå trl,
KuÌal cooperatives. l,ve worked in some, and helped
t9 Qegin others. An example of the pracúcal organs of
decision making were ourSunday meetings, wtrïctr
were held each week. We díscussed wtrat ñe'e¿eã to Ue
done in the coming week and ¡oU ãrrieñ;;n;. W"
would talk about buy_ing new þroducË, like á tractor,
or.eslablishing.a new herd. Weid also aÁalyze the
t
^
political situation.
With¡n the Armed Forces there otso exis;ts the same
movement of populor power, rÌght?
Yes. We created in the Armed Forces a democratic organiza_tion to express the will and opinionioieach
OU¡iously; the kind.of organiz'arion in rhe Army
11f !,
rs very d¡fferent from civilian organizations.
Because
an Army, and principally a Sevolutionary army, is a
machine that has to work with some homogeíéity anO
some discipline. Not a military discipline, bit a révolutionary discipline. Sq we havó creat'ed wirãt we cat¡
democratic assemblies of units (ADU), which are the
general assembly of soldiers of èach uîit to
disius
thetr problems and the political situation, and to reach
decisions.
'
some
There are some kinds of decisions which are not
mad.e i¡ the assemblies, like operational, technical
or
tactical ones. But indirectly the,assembly is involved
there also, because those offcers an¿ comman¿ãriã"¿
serg€ants are there only because the assembly ãecides
that they command the unit. lt is not in the bower of
the assembly to elect the offcers, but, it is in'the.
power of the assembly to reject officers. And we have
wtN
l,
i
I
for understanding that the search for peace'cannot be
sepanted from the search for social iustice.
Programs for the lnstitute are still in the planning
stage. Although the groundwork for the lnstitute was
begtrn over fivl yeariago, the lnternal Rgvellg Service
gianted it tax-exempt status only recently. Unfor'
[unately many of tlie original'proposals and ideas
of the cbmmander.
For example, the commander of RAL1, a base near
Lisbon, wæ rhe second in command on ihe I i ffãün,
and for his actions at that time, his men elected him '
ln colláboration and coordination with this asTTbJy is the G DU, the dinimization group of rhe unit.
This is divided in two parts-interior a-nd exteríor
dinimization. The kind of wbrk these groups do is to
try to create a new style of living life in thè Army, to
create inte.reqt in things in^each ðay,s life in the Áimy,
to create the possibility of real democratic Þower
through information, by holding meetings, hiatcing
explanations, making schools inlhe unitõ io,teacti
l-rench and.English, for example, and other things.
The work of the exterior dínimization is to giie
the same. possib¡lities to the civiliin ôóprlition to U"
i nformed and.active,. really active, i
n the revolu tionary
process. But the work is not only to talk. We build
roads, electrify some villages, heip the peasants work-:
ing on the land, help the cboperatives w¡th the
machines we have, trucks and bulldozers.
Each ADU has an equal represent4tion in the As_
s.embly of the military regionj elected representati;n.
And each military region has a representãtion in the
central mil itary power.
went undeveloped artd are nory outdated.
A major proiect of the lnstitutê-one of pri¡nary^
importance-is to purchase the "Peace Pentagon" inNew York City, lt's the building'which houses the ;
War Resisters League and about half dozen other
radical groups. lticonference room is the place where
many movement plans are mapped, issues debated-:a
room where the kind of ideas A.J. liked arè created.
WRL currently holds the mortgage, but is in desperate
need of the funds already invested in the bûilding.
.,Contributions to the lnstitute are tax'deductibJe, and
when the lnititute buys the building from WRL, WRL's
investment can be released for more activist projects.
So far the lnstitute has helped send WRL's dele
gafes to the War Resisters lnternatipnal Triennial Conferenqe and to the Conference for Peace Aotivists and
Peace Researchers, both held in pelgium last summer.
tt also helped finance a national tour by Devi?rasad,
former Cttairman of the WRl, who conveys the excite
ment and hope of the international pacifist struggle
wherever he goes. And last, but surely of equal
importance, ihe lnstitute generated several large
coñtributions for WIN from donors who wanted their
gifts to be f,ax-'exempt.
This special fr¡nction of the lnstitute--to provide a
way for people to make tax-exempt contributions to
nonviolent proiects which arèn't themselves taxexempt-is increæingly important since the end of the
lndochina War has dried up some previously major
funding sources. There are, naturally, legal restrictions
on the way the lnst¡tute can allocate its monies, but
the type of programs that are needed now in this
,
The violence takÌng ploce in the north, which hos
leen ryainly dlrected at the Communist party, hos
been front page news in the tJnited States. ítíno,
your units hove been involved in ¡nteuention ìn these
riots. Con you talk some obout what you see to be
the sítuotion ìn the north, and just whot these rtots
-
mean?
.The
north of Portug¿l is a very specific region in its
history, social conditions, way oî thinkinË, in íts cul_
ture, and in the kind of game played by Sãlazar and
Caetano, both in religion and a sort of me¿ieval
respect for the master, which they preserved all thosq
years. The people of the north arê normally very baaiy
i¡formed, and.very.easy ro conrrol and leaå. Àj¡siy,'
they ar€ easy, but the revolutionaries in their work '
have tried not to lead people, but to inform people,
tried to make some kind of developmenÇ thóv havó
tried to give new ways of thinking'to ttré'påoóte of tne
north, anil everyone knows that a process likè this is
not rapid.
But the forces of the right d_on,t act like this. They
really want to control peoþle. So with ttre vãrv well '
A.J. Muste. Photo
by,Nell Haworth..
cou
!i
WENDY SCHWARTZ
The A.J. Muste Memorial lnstitute is a new tax-
exempt foundation which hopefully will ease the
way a bit for nonviolent activists and others who are
corirmitted to making peace in our world ln a time of
firrancial crisis and waningradicalism. The lnstitute
will develop its own educational proiects-a literature
program, conferences, a speakers bureau, and the
like-and will help fund the programs of other groups
-which are consonant with ¡ts own priorities.
Thè lnstitute,has several priorities, all based on the
concerns to whiih A.J. dedicated himself during his
.knoqn tactics, which they learned with Salazár, they
have begun to make a campaign against the revólutión
in the north, based on some fãctsãf real failure of
rev.olutionary þower in the area. The campaign is very
well organized and itj very easy to see in itroõe ¿emoirstrations-like in Braga whére it was based on religion,
long and
type retigion-a very well organizeO irouþ
of activists leading people in the attack on tfre neã¿- '
quarters of the CP. But those attzckí are not asainst
VtjaUf g Ages
the Comr.nunist Party. They are against every lãft
movement.
They have been attacking many organs of regional
power and the offices of some'partíes. They sayihe
revolution doesn't give you this or that, and if we
take power we will give you these things. lt,s obvious
that this ,type of propaganda is dangerous, but it is
ev¡dent also that the Portuguese working class has
gained m.ore in a year thanln the last haïf centJry,
and so I believe that people will look, and see ctelrlv
who are in fact the enemies and who-the friends.
t
fruitful lifetime. Not one to
see nonviolence
in ivacuum, A.J. applied its discipline to a wide range
of struggles for social justice-early twentieth century
labor issues, civil rights, civil liberties, and, of course,
peace. ln fact, the roots of presqnt:day Amerìcan
pacifism are firmly planted in his biography: his never'
ceasing search for the best ways to end war-and
achievé iustice led him both in and out of the pacifist
tradition in his early years, making his-ultimate commitment to nonviolence all the more significant. Those
of us whó have wavered similarl y in our commitments
can draw strength and comfort from A.J.'s persorial
quests. And the peace movement is certainly richer
Wendy Schwortz is on edÍtor
of
hrlN,
ntry-largely
edu cational
-are those
wh ich
fi
t.
perfecily inio the role the lnstitlte is allowed to play
in the movement for sdcial change. lf the lnstitute
can absorb the cost of printed materials, conferences,
and other informational tools, then organizations like
WRL can focus théir energiei and resources on direct'
action.
Though the lndochina War period was a continuing
nightmare, it did spoil us in one way: we became accultomed to having at least a minimal amount of
money available for proiects. People were generous,
and'their financial resources and the skills of organizers
combined to create many successful antiwar projecfs.
Now that the urgency for paiifistectivity is less obvi- "
ous, we shall have to work harder at raising money:
simply continui¡g to develop programs without special
attention to funding them will bankrupt the move
ment.
. This is a particularly opportune time to introduce
the A.J. Muste Memorial lnstitute to the public. lt is a
new organization about to develop new programs in a
new political period using new funding means. Yet it
refleör the pácifist traditlon and the cãncerns of ä;
man whose wisdom guided radicals through ovei half a
century of activism.
CONTACT: ,
,
A.f . Muste Memorial lnstitute
339 Lafayette Street
New York, NY 10012
wrN
13
q
,,t,
\
THE MILITARY
UNIONIZATION AND DEMOCRACY
DAVID CORTR¡GHT
ln late June the American Federation of Government
Employees, (AFGE) the nation's largest federal employee union, publicly stated its intention to organize among active duty servicemembers-in effect
to unionize the armed forces. The announcement sent\
shockwaves through the military establishment and
brought forth cries of "sheer horror" from top Pentagon commanders. With a total union membership of
over 650,000, AFGE now represents over 390,000
civilian military employees and apparently feels that
the time has come to seek additional members among
active duty people. ln testimony before the Defense
Manpower Commissj.on on August 18, AFGE President
Clyde Webber spgke positively of "the mutual benefits of bringing military personnel into AFGE," and
reported that a top level committee was continuing its
investigations into possible Gl membership. lf the
union decides to go ahead, as nov/ seems likely, or'
ganizing of servicemembers would not begin until after August of 1976, when the union's convention
could authorize such.a drive.
The main issue for any AFGE campaign among
servicemembers would be military pay, and the annual
cost of living wage negotiations. AFGE already spends
agrcat deal of tir4e lobbying for increased pay adiustments and emphasizes that, since federal civilian and
military pay are linked, active duty people stand to
gain from these efforts. ln 1974 and again this year,
AFGE mobilized Gls to support their wage bargaining.
Hundreds of thousands of leaflets were distributed this
year and last urging servicepeople to pressure Congress
for a full cost of living pay increase, Gls have reacted
positively to these initiatives, according to President
Webber, responding with a "heavy letter writing effort "
L
d.fl
Other issues of interest to the union include pensions
and health care benefits. This latter concern may be
come a major focus of AFGE efforts if current cut'
backs in military health benefits continue. ln addition,
Webber and others point out that in the process of
representing several thousand National GUard and
Reserye technicians AFGE has become involved in "a
number of other gripe areas"-among them hair
length disputes, and uniform requirements.
AFGE has so far made no mention of dealing with
Gl grievances on the job, nor of protecting Gl interests
in disciplinary disputes. lndeed the union seems to
avoid possible conflicts with commandêrs, and in
some cases adopts a cooperative, almost cemanage
ment posture. Webber claimed in his August 18 remarks that 1'the mood of management has mellowed"
and that AFGE is now "helping management in the
writing of their own regulations." This agreeable attitude is refleòted in AFGE's t¿lk of integrating all
ranks into one union, and in particular in the Federation's approach to a possible union legal plan. AFGE,
like many other American unions today, is considering
the adoption of a prepaid legal plan for its civilian
and military members. According to General Counsel
14 WIN
Dovid Cortright is an Associate at the Center for Notional Securìty Studies in lüashington, DC. His lotest
book, Soldiers in Revolt, hos just been published by
A n ch or Press, Dou b I ed oy,
ri
o(l
oKt.
mtde thc
Southern military bases, and with a sizeable membership in m¡l¡tary-dominated districts the union has a
considerable amount of leveragê on armed Services
committee members.
The AFGE drive is cert¿in to have important implications for the G I movement and the cause of enlíited
rights. While AFGE may or may not present a progressive union package, the point of their effort-is obviouò:
unionization of the armed services now seems inevitable. Those who are concerned over,possible use of
the armed forces and a more responsive and demo
cratically controlled military must now begin to think
positively and realistically about the issue of unionization. The idea of a G I .union was proposed and atter,npted frequently during the late'60's, but the
resources for such an undertaking were never available. Now the union issue has been t¿ken over by
AFGE, and anti-militarist :forces may be eclipsed if
they are not.flexible enough to respond to the new
Webber and other officials describe AFGE as an
ror at the prospect of unionization and have railed
against "any organization which competes with the
chain of command," some elemênts within the Defense Department are likely to accept the AFGE drive.
A staff person of the Defense Manpower Commission
told me recentl! that the private react¡on of military
commanders is far less strident than the public hysteria
being reportod in the press. From h'is readíng of command opinion at several local bases, this source felt
that the response to AFGE could well be positive. To
be sure, a storm of protest can bq expected from hardline conseryatives, including a number of important
Congressional military apologists. Senator John Tower
(R-Tx) has already announced strong opposition to
unionization, and other conservat¡ves can be expected
to follow. lndeed acceptance by the powerful armed
services committees could be AFGE's biggest obstacle.
Even here, however, the union may be able to gain
agreemenl Many of AFGE's members work at
cartoon rrom LNS'
of yourscl9a3."
Leo Pellerzi, "this is the type of thing which in the
future would make the union attractive to military
people." However, the approach now under considera'
tion at AFGE would be a "joint contribution plan"
under which jôb-related offenses would be excluded
and Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ ) matters
would not be coverQd. Obviously such a legal plan
would be totally unresponsive to pleas for greater Gl
;i;h;;""d;oui¿ ó;&hì;t to improve thã soldiet's I
legal standing within the military disciplinary system.
Simílarly, on the question of military policy,
AFGE steadfastly refuses to address the larger issues
of the purpose and mission of the armed forces. Mr.
"economic" rather than "ideological" union, and they
scrupulously avoid becoming involved in these questions. ln attempting to dispel criticisms that a military
uníon might undermine military efectiveness, Webber
told the Defense Manpower Commission that "our
primary objectives are limited to the more pragmatic"
. and that questions of.peace and war "must be rele
gated to the aggregate of American public opinion."
Although the services have publicly ei
gencrel
situation.
1-
r
Certainly the kind of union being offerèd by AFGE
leaves a gieat deal to be desired, and in fact could
hinder more radical organizing efforts. Shackled with
a "do nothing" union concerned only with pay, Gl
activists might find attempts to raise .more important
questions extremely diffcult, if not impossible. Gl
aspirations c'ould be smothered in another impenetrablelayer of bureaucracy. Union locals might be
structured very restric.tively and thus could stiffle
union democracy-along with any possible spontane
ous upsurges. Moreover, the lack of a legal plan covering the UCMJ would leave the commanderfs disciplinary powers untoucheil¡ and wou!d do nothing to relieve the plight of those subject to milidary 'ljustice."
While an AFGE military union would lack radical
direction, such a drive might nonetheless have import¿nt positive results. Perhaps the most crucial of these
would be securing the legal right to organize within
the'military. To successfully unionize the ranks AFGE
would have to fight for and achieve such freedoms as
the right to distribute literature on base and tho rlght
to solicit members and engage in union activity on
bæe. ln effect AFGE would establish on a wide scale
the rights that individual Gl projects have sought for
years. Moreover. an AFGE drive might be forced to
deal with militaiv Érievanqes other than pay and
cou ld tri gger in dópän den t o rganizi ng efforts wh ich
might exceed the union's established bounds. lndeed
the process of unionization, even if conservatively con:
ceived, may spark renewed rank and file activism. i
An AFGE unionization effort thus has both posi'
. tive and negative aspects. lt cguld impede more radical organizing wórk, or it couid.greatly imppye. pþ9
prospects for rank and file activism. The campaign',
could go either way, and a major determining factor
in the óutcome of i.rnion policy may well be the degree'
independent pressu,re applied from the outside. lt
' of
would seem at this point that anti-militarist forces ,
have no choice but to work in conjunction with the
AFGE drive, attempting to nudge the union into a
more progressive stance. Certainly we have no power
- to prevent their unionization efforts, and any attempt
to do so would onlv result in further isolation'for
those involved. Woiking within or alongside AFGE, on
the other hand, might allow prqgressives to exert some
influence on the direction of unionization and to in'
ject the democratic structures ánd legal piotections
needed to insure rank and file partlçipation. lf the
community of past and present Gl organizer! and
counselors were to deal with this development
positively, the coming unionization of the mil¡tåry
could become a maior step forward for the cause of a
more dèmocratic mil itary.
The very building of a Gl union, even if initially
uninvolved in the.military mission, could have pre
found consequences for armed forces policy. lf, for
example, the US were to become embroiled in
another u npopu lar i ntervention-perhaps a joint
NATO operation against a growing lberian revolution,
or an American "policing action" in Panama-rank and
file pressures would inevitably build, quickly exceeding the limits imposed by AFGE and transformipg
union policies. The existence of an already functioning
organizational network would greatly facilitate the
mobilization of rank and file opposition and could
improve the potential effectiveness of Gl resistance.
Operating from the inside, progressíVes could, as one
G I activist has stated, "make possible thè sélf-activity
' of rank and file soldiers that would go beyond the
limits of an orderly and bureaucratic union drive."
To make sure that this can in fact happen and that
enlisted strivings are heard, the greatest possible de
gree of democracy must be built into the union's
structure. Union democracy must be a fundamental
goal of any stretegy of cooperation with AFGE. The
jssue is one which can have wide support within th.e
'ranks and'which is vital'to thq fufuid effectivenessbf
any unionization effort. Another ñindamental goal ol -;..
our union strategy should be tò press for a job-related
legal plan which covers military ¡ustice. lf any legal
program is to be established, we must insist that it go
beyond civil cases and cover the UCMJ, discharges and
other disciplinary matters. These are the areas where
the soldier's struggle for rights is waged, and where.
any union legal plan should be focused. Such legal
protection would improve the Gl's charices of defending himself against the hierarchy and, like a democratic
union.structure, would open up the union and give
greater play to rank and file interests. Rather than
shun AFGE, thereforg we should approacþ their efI
fort positively, offering to cooperate and b'ringing with
us the twin demands of union democracy and a legal
æsistance plan which covers the UCMJ. lf we can.
prevent búreaucratization and aid the Gls campaign
for greater rights and a say in the determination of
military policy, we will have served the cause of peace
and a more democratic military.
wrN 15
other. He feels the future of his døughter depends
upon his mllitary, PrePìaredness
a group of stìghtly
-As breakfost is being sewed
plump, middle-aged women ntorcl into the communal
'dinlio'hatt. Thele is neruous laughter, as everyone does
not Ënow how seriansly they-shou.ld.take the transfor'
mdtion from seomstress,'cook and chìlúcare worker
to armed defenders The women seem embarrassed in
the trogic-comedY scene,
-A grey-hoired, Belgium bor,n k!bpltt3nik ønd I are
' stoidtng outside the automcited chickeqh9us?'.Ôve,r:
tooking- the valley stietchlng from the.Golon Helghß
The
to the-Medtterroneon, After recolling his escape from
the '1930's Germany, he says tha! si.nc,e Klryøt
Shmono hÍs wife lnsists they lock thelr door at night.
He feors for his sons in the ørmy but feels they must
frght to insure the post Ìlocs not repeot ißelf.
turb-ulent
.
PAULA RAYMAN
,
Now that the United States Congress has approled
of the Sinai Disengagement, lsraeli and Egyptian oÊ
ficials are busy composing military'economic shopping
lists and ex-CiA personnel are among those submit'
ting technical monitering applications' Meanwhile, the'
oeõoles of the Middle East continue to view talk of
beaöe with skepticism and even resistence. For people
bn Jl si¿es of ihe borders, the determination of their
fate has long been out of their hands, controlled by
super-Þoweigame plans drawn up primarily in Wash¡näton. ¡n a kjUbuú located on the lsraeli-Lebanese
frõntier, the Secrgtary asks, "Where else in the world'
does a woman know that where her huiband will be
neit month will depend upon decisions made across
the ocean?'l A Palestinian'woman, for 25 yean in a
refugee camp, wonders if anyone at all thinks about
t
.ll
,'
.
'
:
her family.
:
.
Athoúsh lsraelis and Palestinians both view inr
posed peaãe sffategies without optimism, their
ieparaie historical experiences have shaped quite.different attitudes towards the present and future. ls'
raeli perceptions reflect, on one level, the emotional
memories bf ttre Holocaust and, on another, the rude
shoik of the 1973 {ar and its aftermath. The fact
that the Holocaust has always been a predominant
theme in lsraeli culture, evidenced in museum show;
theater and film.performances, national holiday cele
brations and academic lectures, is central to under'
'stand¡ng the distrust lsraelis hav,e towards outsiders.
Their ar-iogant natiõnal pride, a conscious contrast to
the passivity of the ghetto Jewish community. was
dealt a severe blow in the last Mid'East War. For
have blown up a home oi a suspected political activist.
It is diffcult to comprehend how people go on living
in such a dehumanizing envi¡onment. Palestinians'
faith in fuüre justice no doubt is a critical factor
theii movement. Symbolically, in severá! .
"nuigiiing
camõs, PÍestinians have refused to plant even a single
tr""'wirich would suggest resignation to life as
refugees.
Pãrsons concerned with Middle East affairs need
,
'
young Sabras who have LeiÞ-qled close identification
w¡ttr lhe Holocaust, the 73 War provided directex'
,perience.with the power of destruction and doubt.
During my stay on a border-kibbutz, impresions '
of .life anä déath ômerged which contributed to seeing
events in black and wtrite rather than in their more
'
.
'
:
Paula Royman is teoching courses on the'kibbutz ot
Radcllffe this yeor.
The image of Palestinians is one of
mot¡on, of ãn eruption of determination. Perhaps
th¡s mood is best indicated by a remark of a Palestin'
ian woman living in the lsraeli-occupied Gaza Strip,
'"History is on ou r side. Peace will only.come with
iustice."
Palestinians in refugee camps of Gaza and the West
Bank spoke of the desperation of continual poverfy,
ill,healih and terror of military police that caused
them to use acts of violence against the viole¡ce they
daily experienced. Violence remai ned. u n romanticized ;
thei had lived with the consequences of institutional'
izçdrstate violencP for Years. Íhere is striking contrast between the middleclass
economic lifè style of the lsraeli kibbutz and the
poverty of the rófugee camps. ln both the Jabilia and
'Beach
ôamps, 40,000 people are living wíthout place
for quiet and privacy, in huts with no electricity or
running water¡ crammed along open sandoaths.
Somctimes instead of a hut there is a tent atop
to devtilop greater insight towards thereality¿nd ex'
pretsions of the people of the region. Expecting a :
Þatðstinian, whose life history has been ent¡rely
' spent in a iefugee camp to have special feelings about
.simultaneousiY;r ohe would more adequately ques.tion why so feÚ lsraetis,have spoken out against their
own societyis racial prejudices and violations of civil
libertiçs.
' lt is significant that the lsraeli:1n4 Palestinian lead'
erships are increasingly trying to find out more about
each'other. Foreigne-ri visitiru the Arab States and , lsrael are often aiked for dett¡led impressions of what
t;t¡ã'otnãrlsiàe" is thinking and doing An lsraeli
prof$sor, sympathetic to the pgl¡ticai rights of the.
Þalestinians, is frequently an informal informational
: t, conduit for his lesd progressive colleagues. Hopes.for a
: ' senuine peace in thó UlaAte East largely depend upon
íhe otteñt-the peoples of the region are ablq to shape
.their own futuie, witho¡t the:oppressÍon of extornal
:'
,' .
interests.
ES
Dr. Charles Taylor of Ghurch World
Services said his grouP has iust re
ceived approval of an application for
AFSC DE FIES GOVERNMENT;
SENDS AID TO VIETNAM
shipment to Vietnam that included
rotótillers, one of the items the
government refused to license for
The American Friends Service Com.
mittee, a Quaker'relief group told the
a
Wh¡te House it hæ defied a federal
ruling and sent an aid shipment of
'.
$50,000 worth of yarn to North Vieqnain for use in making sweaters
:
,
AFSC.
for ''f
u
schoolchildren.
The AFSC said 16.5 tons of yarn
had been delivergd to Haiphong
dêspite a ruling by the Treasury De
partment that such a move would
violate the Trading With the Enemies
Act.
The Quakers álso said they would
go ahead with the plan to ship fishnets
and agricultural equipment including
rototillers to South Vietnam, along
widr woodscrew making machines fôr
\
a cooperative in Hanoi. Requests
approval of these shipments were also
deñied by the Federal Government.
The Treasury Department refused
to grant the Committee export licçnses
' for the shipment, saying they con'
stituted economic rather than' hu manitarían aid.
"We don't need the government to tell us what is and is not human¡tar¡an
aid," said Wallace ColletÇ AFSC Boardl
Chairman, and Lewis Schneider, the
group's Executive Director. The two
could face possible prison terms of up
to 10 years and fines up to $10,000
for allowing the unauthor¡zed ship
He said it took ten months for aP'
proval of the applicati'on, and said the
delay was "debilitating to our human
efforts."
¿ttr" government is carrying on its
attitude of hostility long past the end
of the war," Schneider and Collett
said. "We believe the administration
must now turn to the task of ending
the war psychologY ¡n the Wh¡te
House, of aiding PeoPle whose home
land America did so
ïlr,ï":";å'"il
for
.
ments.
The group presented signed "corn'
plicity statements" from 2,053 people
who donated money for the un'
authorized shipment. They made
donations of between $1 and $1,000
for the unauthorized items. The ship'
ment of yarn was the first maior shiP
ment to Vietnam by the AFSC since
the war'ended in Apr:il.
A delegation of religious leaders
zupporting the Quaker.efforts was re
buffed in its bid to present its case
directly to the White House. As 250
supporters lined the White House fence,
the leaders were turned away at the
gate.
The representatives included the
AFSÇ the National Council of
Churches, Church World Service, the
United Methodist Church, the Un¡ted
Presbyterian Church and the Mennonite Central Committee.
'
He wonts to hety ond serue the
people's needs, and thts is th€
'only thing on which his,soul feeds
He
"- wãnts to cleon uP California and
potitics.
niitp stra¡ghten iis
Because he recognizes
that there are
tuo many dirty tricks.
He said that there are too manY experienci ng I ife
enio. Y
ments
lllhile one million experience unenr
ployment
lilhati hove to soY oboutTom HaY'
den is not funnY:
tf I could vote he's the mon for mY
money.
Ilhat I am saYing some maY think ls a
sin. But what I soY rheons nothlng
becouse the best møn
will win.
There are also hints that HaYden
may be prepar-ing to support former
Senator Fred Harris for the Presidency.
-Mç
$5OO.A.TABLE BENEFIT
FOR IUNTA DRAWS
HUNÓREDS OF PICKETS
TV MOVIE BRINGS
cRl ES OF PROTEçT
lnside New York's Hotel Roosevelt
were
on the evening of November
some 500 persons, many t"epresenting
US corporations; at a $S00.a-table
benefit dinner-dance for Chile's military dictatorship. Sponsor of the '
dinner.dance wæ the Chilean Aid Re:
construction Society, headed bY
Carlos Orcþard, which has oPened uP
an office dn East 62nd Street.
Outside the hotel-in front of both
its 45th Street and 46th Street en'
I
trances-wereòver 400 pickets from
the Chile Solidarity Committee. Loud
booing greeted each group of dinner
guests as they arrived in.limousines
and'taxicabs. The leaflets were
headed: "Fascists Dance Over Dead
Chilean
Bodies."'
-f
im Peck
The recent rebroadcast of Born lnno
cenl, NBC's Saturday Night Movie, has
set offa wave of Piotests bY grouPs
ranging from Action'for Children to.
l
the-Raþe Committees of NOW,
church' and community groupirand les
bian and gay organizations.
;
The film depicted the violent
':
with a broomstick by a lesbian of
':
1Çyear old girl in a
yqar
a
lnitially aired by NBC iust over
..', :
local
raPe
a
reformatorv.
it provoked nationwide protests, , '..;
but NBC's October 25 reþlay showed
ago,
minimal editing.
Although rape by women is almost .
unknown, editing of Born lnnocent
for replay omitted only the expliöit
rape itetails, leqving in the broomstick
episode. The film still depicted a le's.
bian as making the attack, and in ad'di'
tion, it was the only fictional portrayal '-'
of lesbians to appear on television this
year.
ALI
ENDORSES HAYDEN
The New York Ttmes reports that
Muhammad Ali has written his first
political poem endorsingTom HaYden's candidâcy for the Democratic
nomination toi the California Senate
seat. lt goes as follows:
t predict that this man wìll strike
llke o bomb,
You moy not know him now but hls
nome is Tom.
Although air time was requested for
October 24 to present contrasting viewpo¡nts to Born.lnnocenf under the fairness doctrine, NBC denied the request
on the grounds that the film was'rentertainmeñt" and replayed the film widr'
out contrasting viewpoints and
out a disclaimer.
Groups now filing Federal Com'
mu nications Commission complaints
to demand air time include the RaPe
Committee of New York, NOW, the
with'
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16
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¿
17
'
,t
National Black Femini¡t Organization,
New York Women Against Rape, the
National Gay Task Force, the Gay
Media Codition of New York, Lesbian
Feminist Liberation, Gay Activist's Alliancè and Gay Men and Women's Alliance for Responsibility in Media.
In New YorÇ Lesbiari Feminist
Liberation and the Gay Media Coali.
clinic reports that 12 DC policemen
who developed skin cancer ovor the
past five years all had been involved in
using tear gas to put down riots and
demonstrations in the capital in the
years 196&71.
Federal job-safety officials plan a
rapid investigation of Dr. Dyer's find-
to write some coherently political
lyrics like that, as he has on his recent-
ly
the perfectly phrased George .f ackson.
It will be part of his new album, due
out at the beginning of the year.
ings, which he stresses are only
Judging from reports of his mysterious
tion protested in front of the Miller
preliminary. One chemical bomponent gigging around New England, that
Brewing Company's (a sponsor of the
album will also include the sones
program) Fifth Ave. branch, leafletting of some tear-gas compounds, known
"lsis," and "To the Valley
"Sarahr"
as OCBM, is already covered by a job4¡d carryiñg posters reading "Miller
Below". . . . .And if Dylan isn't politipreviousstandard,
safety
but
it
hasnrt
Brews Rape" and "Miller Poisons
cal enough for you, check out Gil
Minds." A sit-in by a delegation of the ly been suspected of causing cancer.
Scott Heron's new album on the
Some
researchers
aloud
wonder
groups wæ flanked by Rockefeller
Arista label, From South Africø to
protesters
whether
frequently
lassed
Center security guards. ln San Diego,
South'Carolinø. Gil Scott lays it right
from
the
be
late
1960's
also
might
the Gay Nurses Association sat in ãt
on the line, following up his previous
affected.
the NBC affiliate there.
"The Revolution Will Not be TeleNBC has agreed to a meet¡ng w¡th
vised," "The H2O Gate Bluesr" and.
lesbian and gay community members
"Pardon Our Anãlysis," with songs líke
EVENTS
in New York to discuss m" r"OltlñS
"Johannesbu rgr" and the powerful :
NYC-ihe Jewish Socialist Yourh
"A Toait to the People.". . . . .The
People's Party hæ nominated its
Bünd will present Larry Magarik,
presidential slate to st¿nd aga¡nst the
tradeunion activist and recent visitor
AN TMAGINAT|VE
to Portugal, speaking on "The Socialist two cap¡talist parties in 1976.
INDIVIDUAL PROTEST
Margaret Wright, a black/socialist
Struggle in Portugal: an Eyewitness
Account," Friday, Nov. 14 at 7 pm at feminist active in community struggles
As I apprqached the Student Union
in Los Angeles is the presif,ential -the Atran House, 25 East 78th St.
building of the University of Missourí
nominee, and Dr. Benjamin Spock is
to speak at a luncheon meeting on
BOSTON-Morton Sobell, convicted
the vicepresidential nominee. To get
nonviolent direct action, I cam upon a with
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg of
on the ballot in many states requires
f rsthand example of the same.
conspiracy to commit espionage and
a good amount of organization and leg
Standing out front was a lone lnlgthor of On Doing Time, speaks on
work, considering that the election
dian student wifh a wide strip of tape
"Could the Rosenberg/Sobell Case
laws are written often with tlre purover his mouth and a placard savine:
Take Place Today?" at the Compose of keeping socialist parties off
"Freedom ls My Birthríght Prime
munity Church of Boston, Morse
the ballot, so the party has issued a
Minister lndira Gandh¡-LET ME
Auditorium, 602 Commonwealth Ave.,' call to people,interested
in getting a
SPEAK!"
Sunday, Nov. 16 at 1 1 am.
socialist presidential slate on the ballot
I congratulated him for both his
in their state to contact the People*
WEST COAST-David McReynolds of
courage, ín daringto undertake such
Party Ballot Project, One Thoqas
the WRL staff will be speaking on rhe
a protest as a foreign student in
West Coast from Nov. 13-Dec. 4.
Circle, Room 203, l4)ashington, DC
Columbus, Missoüri, and for his
Write or phone the San Francisco or
20005, You might ask them for a free,
ingenuity, in coming up with the idea
three month trial subscription to their
Los Angeles WRL offices for tour
of a taped-over mouth to symbolize
newspaper, Gross Roots.. . . .A few
the tetal censorship imposed in his
schedule.
months back, this column noted how
country.
Michael Harrington (DMass)was be
He told me that he makes this
ing shitted on by the powers that be
protest every nooñtime, from 122'lS
in Conþress for his work in exposing
to12:45. Since he can't talþ with the
the CIA in that hypocritical body.
tape over his morth, he getsitudents
The wheels of bou rgeois democracy
interested in discussing lndia, to sign a
are now grinding towardscensure, persheet of paper and meet wittr him haps even expulsion, ofa representalater. Though sometimes he is laughed
tive who let his conscience get the betat, he said, he hasn't been harassed or
ter of him. The Harrlngton Defense
assaulted. His name is Dysalsing Sodhi
Committee is trying to raise some
and he is a graduate student at-the
money to help him make his case. lf
School of Economics. -Jim Peck
you'd like to find out more about
or can afford to give some money,
drop them a line at the Post Office
Buitding, Salem, Moss. 09170. . . . .
TEAR GAS.CANCER LINK
That's about it for now. lf you'd like
Tear gas may cause cancer in police
to get the word out about something
offcers, a study indicates.
that's going on in your area, send it
A Washington, DC doctor told a
along to Bread and Ro3es too. Thatfs
medical symþosiúm he's investigating
"Now all the criminalslln their coats
what this here space is here for. Send
a possible link between tear gas and
and tjes/Are free to drink martini¡s/
¡r to B&R Too,'1724 20th Street NW,
skin cancer. Dr. Robert Dyer, who
And watch the sun rise." The times
Washington, DC 20009.
runs the city's police and firemen's
may be a changin', if Dylan continues
-Brian Doherty
{¡c
i!
18 WIN
q
released single about the frameup
of fighter Hurricane Carter: lt's his
fint really upfront political song since
t
-
e
ì
ALTERNATIVE SANTAS
lf you march to a different drummer, why not sing a different ChriStmas carol?
Arne¡icans spent 99 bif lion on Christmas last year. And
the Wall St. Journal says merchants expect bigger spending
this year.
Spending some of these dollars, probably, will be you,
lf you want to divert a few dollars away from Moioch
_
Bros. hcr, the following directory of noncommercial shopby-rnail catalogs is for you.
Clip.the list and keep iL lf you order a,,free,, publication, wh.y not send poståge money? And mention'this article,
.
.
if you
please.
Noncommercial dollars do add up. Just one organizationthe publishers of the Qlternate Christmas Cotatoglue-estimates that the_l9,000þurchaser-s of their catalog diverted
'som-e $350,000 last year from cönsumer producís to human ,
welfare projects.
whrtchd¡tnril
J
Brochure of great cards, other gifts. FOR, which started
the forerunner of ACLU, originated alternative Christmas,
cards 31 years ago.
Family Past¡mes
RR d'Perth, Ontario, Canada- Catalóg free.
Subversion at its finest. At last; soriebody is selling noncompetitive child and adult games! To "win" you have to
cooperate. Send one to Football Ford.
Right-On Bools
i
2744N. Lincoln Ave., Chicagg 111.60614
Non-sexist books for kids, other fine finds. Send stamp for
list.
War Resisters League
339 Lafayette St., New.York, NY 10012.
A stamp gets you a list of book, including extraordinary
Jim Peck autobiography of a lifelong activist, and a fine
calendar.
Southem Conference Educational Fund
.
3210 Broadway,
Send stamp for brochure of books, calendar, cards with
ndical statements by Mark Ïwain and other disturbers.
Louisville,Ky.4O2l1
do yotl
'!
ccldbr¡t¡
ttr¡ ¡æul¡r or
rrlldot¡¡. . .
fr ffin
Alþrnative Christmas Catalogue
701 N. Fugene St., Greensboio, NC 27401, $3.
Over 200 pages, includes gifvnakiìg section, directory
craft groups, more.
of
Akwesasne Notes
Mohawk Nation, via Rooseveltown, Ny 't3693. No set
prices, send what you feel like.
America's largest lndian newspaper; catalog section lists
handmade items, lndian tobacco, bíanketsãnd gifts ha;di¡ South America, books, much more, inc'iuding the
1na$e
lndianls own commemorative stamp (,,We ÉememberWounded Knee"), an alternative to'Christmas seals.
Service
.
I
fl
¡ltrrn¡t¡
.i
El Taller Grafico
United Farm Workers, Box 62, Keene, Calif, 93531.
Attractive jewelry, absorbing books, including excellqnt Søl
Si Puedes, other gifts. Free'brochure.(send a stamp at le4st).
Committee
''
American Friends Service
1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19102.
From the Quakers: notepaÉer, cards, books, more. Send a
stamp.
Congress of Racial Equality
200 W. 135th St., New York, NY 10030.
Handsome cards, wide assortment, reasonably priced.
Packard Manse Gift
¡
583 Plain St., Stoughron, Mass. 02072. lust2Sd.
!2prces of beautiful bargains. Carvinfs,-weavings, other
handm ade. gi fts rh at benefi t th i rd wori-d' crafrspeäpl e. Th e
Manse itself is a center of nonviolence and soiial ðhange
work now in its 29th year.
Association of Haridicapped Artists
1034 Rand Bldg., Buffalq NY 14203.
Gift wrap pape-r, calendar, cards, other items by artists holding brushes in feet or mouths, astonishing wonkmanship.
Fellowship of Reconciliation
Box271, Nyack, NY 10960. Free.
Tom Il. Hanis is o stoff member of the Rochester patriot
from which thìs revìew ìs reprinted.
-Tom W. Harris
l
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r.9
'
A miner's tife is
RECORD
it
hove always paìd the prÌce'
There's btood upon the contract
Iike vinegor ìn wine
And there's one mon dead on the Harlan County line.
NEW WOOD
Si Kahn with the Southern Mountãins Musiciansl Coopçra.
tive'(Available from f uneAppal Records, Box 743, White*
burg Ky. 41858; or Cut Cane Associates, PO Box 9E,
Mineral Bluff, Ga" 3Ai559 l$5.00.)
There are 14 other songs, most of them topical, but each
one unique. lf you like mugi.c that has a country bent to it
and is not over produced, I recommend.this album to yoq.
No foncy gowns no high closs towns to promise
I'm plain os roin and thot's just not my style
And,.l've never been one to ask for fovors
But l hope you plan to stoy with me a whìle. . .
t 'ln the spring of '75 Dave Freeman of County Records, who
edits a monthly newsletter reviewing Old Time and Blue :
grass records, stated something to the effect "that for those
who have to have a message with their music," they might
like New Wood. He also sãid, that the instrulirentaiion úas
well done. Having heard the name of community organizer,
Si Kahn, through Kathy Kahn's Hillbilly Vlomgn, Dave Free
man's brief review made me want to hear the record.
'l recently ordered iÇ and got it about one week ago. I
would recommend it highly to WIN readers who like
Country 'n Westêrn mu3ic, and "old-timey" string band
music with a fairly uncluttered accompaniment. The record
Nick RóYal
Nick Royal is o regular reoder from Santo Cru¿, who i5
terested in oll types of folk and traditional muslc.
Si plays lead guitar, and sings, with assistance from the
Southern Mountains Musicians Cooperative. Other instruments heard are: banjq dulcimer, mandolin, autoharp, fiddle,
ryllh harp, and string bass. All of the songs were written
determinedly presents a feeling or position that deals
directly'with current isues and with a good deal of human
warmth.
You see me on the hìghway,
And you neorly shift your load
You take onother look good buddy
And you niearly lewe the road
Ain't you never se.en a truck drivin' woman
Ninety pounds of frre in a frve foot frøme
'
And you better move on
'Couse l'm right behind you in the left hond lane
t\
over r
There is ¿ "Southerñ" feel to a number of the songs. One of
the more powerful songs for. me is "First Time At A War,?'
about a younf man of 16 years who goes offto fight. The
first verse and chorus are:
It snowed all night the doy I teft Kentucky
The Middle Fork was choked with lce ond snow
Left sixteen years and all my friends behind me
Somehow I hod to be the frnt to go
My Momma boked all night before I left her
At supper theçe was not too much to soy
lvly Daddy put his arm around my shou'lder
He søid, "Son, I hope we'll see you home some day"
So don't you play no sad songs on the ìuke box
I've heard 'em oll a hundred times before
And excuse me if I seem a little crozy
You see this is my frrst time at o wor
T.qo Sonp a¡e in the tradition of protest songs related to
coal mining; and perhaps reflect some of what Si Kahn has
learned as a communitll organizer in the South. The heartaches and struggles of the miner's life are reflected ln "Lawrence Jones." His manner of singing this unaccompanied (in
the ballad style) adds power to the song.
'
iry
no North Yemeni doctors, no schools, no paved roads, no
factories and no railways. tver 50% of the population had
VD and,SOo/o suffered from trachoma. HallidTy describes:it
as 'i',. . .a society overwhelmed with misery."
Tïe Yemeni Civil War which resulted from trlbal opposi.tion to the Republic continued throughout the '60's. Thg
Egyptians intervened directly on behalf of thê Republic ând
the Saudis backed the royalists. During the rbyalisf siege of
the North Yemen capitalof Sanaa(from Dec.'6i,7 io FãU.
'68), the Russians began a massive airlift directly frøm the
USSR via Egypt'to aid the Republic; and Chinese erfgìneers
were actively ínvolved in repairing bridges on'roadsto the
besieged city. The siege of Sanaa, a relatively unknown event
in Western histories, ranks with the siege of Madrid in historÍcal importance, ãnd it is also a warñing sign of a poterftial
maefstrom for the super-powers.. .
'1970 the nationalíst conBy the end of the civil war in
tent of the Republic was largely dissipated and survived in
namô only under the watchful eye of Saudi Arabia. But tþe
terrible civil war had shattered North Yemen's backward system and the basis was created for: a capitalist economy (an
I
is great!
described as throaty, somewhat rough, unpretty. He
.
can shotter just like ice
But those who beor the struggle
f
by Si.
I like the tunes and words to almost all of the songs. Si
has a very gentle delivery in an unusual voice that might be
frøgite
t
ARABIA WITHOUT SULTANS
Fred Halliday / Vintage paperback | 1975 I 539 pages I
'
$6.95 / also available in a'cheaper Penguin edition
'
Anb oil boycott demonstrated to the energy hungry
American people in the most concrete manner possible.their
dependence on the royalist regimes of the Arabian pen¡nsula.
"Wealthy, eccentric and reasonably stable" would probably
be the image most people have of the countries bordering
on the Persian/Arabian Gulf. But, as Fred Halliday reports,
thil is a dangerous over-simplification. And Halliday ({vhose
knowledge of Arabiq including Arabic, is extensive) can say
this from first hand-experience. He has made two,visits¡to
Dhofar (in tSlO and 1973) which is located in thp tropical
zone on the southern coast of ,the Arabian peninsula where
Marxist-Leninist guerrillas are fighting a war of liberation
'against the British neocolohial regime in Oman. He is one of
the few Westerners to have visited the liberated zone;-'fWhere
ever we went we were greated with warmth and w-ith intense
questioning by the militants and population. We slept in the
caves and wattle huts of the mountain,people. . . Said Mahad
described to us how the air force had,bombarded the pastures and villages around lryash. Another woman:asked why
the Labour Government, which called itself socialist, Was
'
killíng the peasants of
ln December, 1973, 10,000 lranian troops were brought
into Oman in a coordinated move by Washington; London
and Tehran to push back the increasingly successful Popular
Front for the Liberation of Oman and the'Arab'Gulf. ,
(PFLOAG). This group is also active in some of the 'íoll rich
kingdoms" on the peninsula including Bahrain where al
,l
general strike
PF LOAG's revolutionary i deol ogy developed' ogicdfly
out of splits within Arab nationalism and has deep rocits
among the people. lt includes a strong commitment to the
liberation of women (Halliday includes discussions he had
with women guerrillas), PFLOAG has a powerful rear base l
area in the People's Democratic Republic of South Yemen,
the first socialist state on the Arab¡an peninsula. ln September, 1972, a Bay of Pigs style attack was launched against
The
Dhofar."
occurredin1972.
I
WIN 2I
.20
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i
Bullerin
Bonnd
ll ¡ lnvolv.d bul llmlt.d to
You pay NOTHING for any rccords.
Applicants accepted on "First,Come
Basis." For application write: RESEARCH,
Dept. W,6162 Washington Circle,
Milwaukee,
53213.
STILL AVAILABLE FROM WIN
Thc [ücn's lsst¡c,4/1 1174: Alrady z
basic text of the Men's Liberation
THE 1976 WAR RESTSTERS LEAGUE
PEACE CALENDAR AND APPOINTMENT BOOK
"o[cial historians" of the Establishment have forgotten their names.
The Bi-Centennial,wìll remember Washington and Jeffjrson, but not.. .
It4uty DI9!", Adin Ballou, Alice Paul, Cyrus Pringle, Joseph Éftor, Tracy
UVg¡!.1. We shall hear âbout Generals Granr and Leé bu¿ nor ,¡an'e Aadäms,
Big Bill Haywood, A.J..Muste, or Dorothy Day. The ,,consensus,'view of '
history ha-s made non-persons of those who so largely shaped our history.
They.have béen forgotten or only glancingly menúoned because they
dared.to challenge the structural soundness of our institutions, to iniist
that the- Revolution of 1776 was a Revolutign only half begun, never fully
Up Agninst tfrc Nukcs, 6129174. How
to organize your community against,
dangerors nuclear power plantt Ûith
storfus abor¡t those who have. . . . . .50d
The 1976 Peace Calendar draws together forgotten events and persons.
Forgotten but not forgotten. Remembered in the reality of our lives. Bone
of our bone, flesh of our flesh, these were the ancestors of Martin Luther
King Jr., of Cesar Chavez, of the mass anti-war movement that stilled the
guns in lndochina. Thesc, our mothers and fathers, laid the foundations of
contemporary radicalism._They'did far more than help give us an ideologytf ey gaye us the model of their own lives, showing us'sõmething of the '
dimensions of what it is to be human. This, thé 1976 peace Cdãndar,
forces into living memory. . .and into tomorrow,s actions. . .the tradítion
of nonviolent resistance which was the living seed from which the best of
How We C¡usc World Húrgcr,1l30l7S.
Plus The Strange Gase of Martin Sostre,
and an lnterview with Lanza del
won.
America has grown.
The 1976 Peace Calendar is edited by Lar:ry Gara, professor of history at
Wilmington College (Onio), and has án introducti'on by professor Maitin
Duberman. lt has
Moncy-Þhind thc Grccn Door,
12119174. How Radicals relate to
ittã¡r mon"y. Also Philip Berrigan on
Political Prisoners and Tuli Kupfer'
berg's Worst of Everything . . . . . .
.'l
peace organizations and periodicals, American and foreign.
pages for notes and advance appointmentsfor 1977.
.page, 5/2" x 8"þ", wi re-bou n d and fl at-open i n g; th e calen dar pages
can be remo.ved when the year is over, leaving a bound volume foi yãur
permanent library.
The Peace Calendar is a un iquq and inexpensive gift that will be in use
each day and remembered the whole year through.
s3
Borman.
Other terríffc back issues are also still
available. 1974 and 1975 iisues for
50d ea¡h, orders of 15 or more2i(t,
each. 1973 issues are $1.00 eech.
l972arr.d earlier f2.00 each (excePt
the Media Papers; st¡ll $1.50).
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WAR RESISTERS LEAGUE
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OPPORTUNITIES
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New Mldwest research lnstitute seeks un-
"lt is obv¡ous that hours of loving
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every æt." -- Creative Computing
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FOR HOLIDAY GIFT GIVING,
AND ONE PEACE GAME. SHANTI!
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For All Ages
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Very interesting, fûh, t¡tììety treatment.'.'
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selff sh, so-cially-consciou
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MUST
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sclentists,
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or ralse funds. Semi-schotarly stulO¡ei on
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Published Pr¡vately
Not widely available
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$3 Postpaid
HELP!
Social Science lnstitute
Dept. 109
.
Harborside, Maine 04G42
Skilled Gestdlt Tlherapist wlshes to put
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..TO EXPOSE WHO KILLED KENNEDY
IS TO EXPOSE IA'HO RULES AMERICA.''
Assass¡nation çohspiracy Resourco Llst-send
stamp. colt, Newvernon, NJ 07976.
,:
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CIVI LIZATION AND BEYOND
LEARNING FROM HISTORY
the word.
FREE SqHOOL lN JERUSALEM relntrG
duc€s Amer¡can Jews to thelr heritage, needs
your support. Yeshivat Alsh HaTorah,
Studio 2OB, 35O W. 57th St., NYC 1OO19.
,472-5478.
Author cif "The Maki ng of a Radlcal"
Author of "Living the Good Life"
A view of civilization from 92 years
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PRODUCTS
1976 LABOR.HISTORY CALeNDAR puÞ
BUMPER STICKER:'rUniversal Unconclit¡onal Amnesty Now." 5Od or 3/$1, avallable in bu I K. I nclu de 251 lor tAx and pos
tagè. Order from Syracuse Peace Counè¡|,
924 Burnet Ave., Syracuse, NY 13203,'(315)
W¡th Androa
Dworkin, Ruth Dear, Karla f ay,
212017 5.
of
28
.r
1976 POEMS FROM PRISON CALENDAR
published by The Flats Workshop, PO Box
13r Klngston, Rl. Proceeds go to Prison Art
Programs, $2.50.
tt lN / Box'547 / R¡fton, NY 12471
for every week in the year
. a listing
lO.word*
way or another dropped out of the milltary
systêm. Anyone with infè please write Bill:
Kelsey, 6709 Màywood Aúe., s¡lver sprind,
MD 20910.1
sett¡ng, presswork? We need'em! List your
qualificatlons and plan to vis¡t Communlty
Assoc¡ates Pr¡ntin9 collectiv€, a part of the
Movement fora New Soôlety, 4722 BalLlmore Ave., Phlla., PA 19f 43, br call 215-
Album of orig¡nal songs now avallable from:
The Rose-Redwoodst Westford, Vermont
05494. $5.75 lncludes postage.
Vasto..
Ìtlomcn,l 97 5,
US Naval Academy Graduate with CO clis
charge would liko to get ln touch wlth other
sèrv¡ce academy people who have ln one
ENDANGERED SPECIES: HelP save magF
niflcent folk mus¡c of Morocco. Urbaniza.
tion & ¡ndustrlalizatlon threaten.School of
Master Muslcians of Jajouka. $5.98 + tl
shipplng gets you beautiful LP "Brian Jones
Presents the Plpes of'Pan at Ja¡ouka," all
proceeds d¡rect to the school. Ser¡fyan Folklore Ass'n, Stud¡o 2OB, 350 W. 57th St.,
NYC 10019.
. facing fages oftext and illustratio¡ describing often neglected aspects
. of American nonviolence.
. blank
20 wo7d3.
hope. Proceeds to benef,t the Amerlcan
FrlendsServlce Commlttee. Send for free
brochure: AFSC, 134 Mathewson 5t.'
È, É
Providence, Rl 02903.
' ,l
MovemenL
The
- a page
no
Oth€rwlse 82 ev€"ly
quest¡
Got some skllls ¡n.layout, darkroom' type
lished by New Amer¡can Moìremónt. Fê4.
tures on tWW, May Day, Women, UFW.
$2.50 per copy. $2.00 for.l¡v€ or morè
clo 45!2 Sprlngfield Ave., Ph¡14., PA ¡.9143.
. . . To Secure Peace and Liberty
CREAT|VE NONVIOLENCE lN THE AMERTÇAN PAST
n,
M.
Fra.
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s¡stènce wages. Dale Raugust, Box 3551'
Spokan€ WA 99220. Resume sent upon re-
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Win Magazine Volume 11 Number 39
1975-11-20