Win Magazine Volume 10 Number 34 | TriCollege Libraries Digital Collections

Access to this item is not restricted.

Permalink: https://trislandora-production.brynmawr.edu/object/sc266872

Some items in the TriCollege Libraries Digital Collections may be under copyright. Copyright information may be available in the Rights Status field listed in this item record (below). Ultimate responsibility for assessing copyright status and for securing any necessary permission rests exclusively with the user. Please see the Reproductions and Access page for more information.

Metadata
Transcript Text

,¡ fntrn0{ìì

i5-tfi
rl I

l-.. tii]{. n Y

?.327.,
{;l",

ILtlFlÐ(!ì

åvËt ttf{Ð

HT 5

í1R

î1H

q4

t{å

,r

Ronald Anderson, an ArmY deserter,
was apprehended and arrested on Can¿dian
soi! ù'bsequently dragged acros the border
and eventually put in ltre FL Lewis (Wash'

ington) stockade. This was in August
He was ariested by the American agentg
but,his arest was facilitated by the Canadian
authorities I say this.because it is obvious
that the National Clime Information Center
Computer had Ro¡aldÌs British Columbialicense plate number on tap. R-onald was.dis
.ou.r"d by the American border ofücers be'
cause the Americans put his BC license plate
number through the FBI computer'

day, juice can by juice car¡ soda pop bottle
by movement newspaper, she continues to
feed her consumer habit and support the
vicious system she says she's against
Thecorporations are not evil beings with
a will of thei¡ own They are creations and
servants of normal people like us, the masses
if you wil\ and the consumer lifestyle we

follow. There'd be no aluminum cans and
aerosol sprays if we didn't buy them. No

trees would.be cut down if we stoped using
virgin paper for printing our revolùtionary
outpourings. But we do buy, usg and dis
card, instead ofmaking the corporations
Ronald wæ released from the US six days eat their waste.
Ms Garson talks about us bei¡g the urbafter his.capture in spite of the Canadian
t¡'ms of corporate ecoc¡ime, That's why re
go"ernment and the US governmenl He was
cycling can sometimes be a bummer. It ¡obs
ieleased because public protest on both
you of illusior¡ it makes you awa¡e of how.
sides of the border demanded hisrelease'
.
_RICHARDMOORE' powerless you actually are.¡ how much a part
BumabY, BC, Canada of the system you Íre! But the effort of re '
cycling is worth the knowledge gained (it's
no g¡e4t effort just a few simple h¿bits).
Re: Brian Doherty, "Bread & Roseg" WIN,
Every
can you throw into the recycle bag by
9119174.
' Piease"
Just a note about yout rcview of Praírie
the sink is a reminder of your efect on the
olease do not write phrases like
FÞe, IWIN, 9lt9l74l.
'¿Since women are usually more sensible than world, of how you and the iiver and the sky
First of all the quote " A single spark can
metL . ." Pedestals are almost as uncomforand the factory are bne The consumer lifestart a prairie fire," is not anorL but Mao Tsetable and confrning as chainc Sory to die
style is the pæsive life ôf the iictim. Re
Tung Iì comes fiom a letter he *ròt" on
anooint vou. but we women unfortunately
cyclirig can be the first act of the ecorevolupes
January 5, 1930 in criticism of certaþ
only ttumatt'beings too. We're just as
tionary. It shouldn't stop there
simistic views then existing in the Conr
"ió tä register for the draft and Íiake other
likely
munist Party of China"
Roxbwy, MA
such mistake$ given the opportunïilä,äri
Secondly, the book is iow in print in an
í'e'
-¡
aboveground reprint from Prairie Fire Dis
Nevada citY, cA
The following ts ftom ø letter to a Incgl
tribution Committee, PO Box 40614, Sta
Boørd of the Selective Servíce System:
tion Ç San Frahcisco, CA 941 l0 for $1.50
I am writing to return my dtafr cards to
plus..25mailing. -SANDY'KOSOKOJF In her article in your Sept 19 issue' Barbara
you and to inform you that I can no longer,
Garson sayç "You didn't start pollution! I
in conscience, cooperate with the Selective
didrf t start pollution!" Obviously trua I
Sewice System and the military for which
agree that spending all your time peeling
f m witing to inform you of a serious mis
draft
lãbels off bottles won't rtitum our land to its it was b¡eated. I can no longer carry a
statement of fact in the Sepl 19 issue of
with
the di¡ectives of the
comply
nor
card
neghborhood
average
Youi
feel
state
to
been
natural
made
overjoyed,
IVIN. I've been
Selective Sewice Systern To do so would be
factory pollutes.mo¡e in a day than you can
prou{, been inspired by everything else that
to go against all that I believe and all thatf
clean up in a year or ten But that's not
I've read in WIN (my sub's about a month
hold of value and would be a disserviCe tcÊ
what recycling is aU aboÙt lVhât it's about
old).so maybe I should've written earlier to
myi¡elf; to my country, and to humanity. . .
tell you thät, but it ain't my st:lle. Complairr is consciousness' an awareness sif who you
in protest
I am reti¡rning my d¡afr card
áre
whe¡e
and
are
You
ing about error is.
o'amnesty" for
uP no
of Preiident Fo¡dls socalled
. I refer to the short article by Samuel Ty' , I am sure Ms Garson has blÓwn
mv brothers in othe¡ countries and his "free,
factories o¡ otherwise stopped their protluc'
son on page 6, in which our recent P.rqp. 9 i9
by
that
day
an¿ absolute pardon" of Richa¡d Nixoru
probable
is
fuil
is
mo¡e
\fhat
political
tion
re
toughest
characte¡ized æ "the
my card to you as a showirig of
I
¡eturn
form measure in the nation" which "will
solidarity of conscience with those who re
put into efect enforceable lòbbying and
fused to kill in a war which a majority of ,
campaign donation testrictions applicable to
.:'.&
the Ameiican people now admit was a "miv
by
was
opposed'only
and
"the
all lobbyists"
l
take" and wasì'motally wiong.t'Our system
gròup,
AFLCIO,
Teamsters,
largest teachers'
I
of equal justice under the law no longer'holds
'-

,

"lili.jiiqo

.

Commonwealth

Club Farm Bureau

and

UFWA,' further stating that 9's sripporters
were Common Cause and Peoples Lobby'
Also oppÖsed to 9 were the BaY Area
KnowNine Committee, which warned
against the fascist potential of this lengthy
pioposition; and the California Peace &
Freedom Patty. Mellow Dorrq the for4er
statewide newslette¡ of the California Peace
& Freedom Party analyzed what is wrong
with Prop. 9 in their Apr/May 1974 issue.

W

For fu¡the¡ informãtion or comment þlease
contact me,
-WACCO ABI

.{

u'ÍlË"iå:'"ïii

Rega¡ding a blurb in "Bread, and Roseq tooÌ'
Uy-Sdan Doherty [WIN, 9/19/74] abotrt
the wa¡ resister who was arrested by US
agents in Canada:

2 WIN

^

any meaning for me, and it is evident in the
twã pardoni which President Ford has granted
in the last seve¡al weeks
1) He gave a "free full, and absolute par.don" to â person who broke almost every
one,of the hþhost laws of our land, includ-.
ing his oath of ofñce to the Arirerican-peop-le;
thãn he gave a conditional amnesty of the
most naive nature to ?0,000 of my brothers
. whose only crime was that they refused to

kill others

2).He did not.even require Richard Nixon
to sign a statement ofguilt or allegiance; he's
asking 7Q000 of my brothers to sign such a
statement, when the guilt of the Vietnam
war is upon each one of us.
3) Richard Nixon is not required, in any
way, to "earn his way back" to full rþhts in
this country for the awesome c¡imes which
forced him from ofrce; P¡esident Ford has

stâted that many of my 70,000 b¡othe¡s will
have to'¿eæn their way back" with up to

two years of civilian seryice at a low wage.
4) President Ford said that his predecessor
has "suffeted enough"; and he is totally urr
awa¡e of the "suffering" of 7Q000 of mV
brothers who had the courage and strength
to stand by their.convictionç and who.have '
been bàr¡ed from their country by a system
of justice which can be mánipulated by peq
sons in high positions of power.to suit their
own needs
There is another ¡eason why I am return'.ins to vou my draft cards and why I can no

liefs even to the point of martyrdom. I have
beên taught that it is morally wrong. to force
a person to go against what he considers
moral and jusl
The system you represent deñes this ir¡
dividualism. You grant lhe status of con'
scientlous objector to thoie young men betwccn 18 and 26 who a¡e able to articulate
thei¡ beliefs in a conüincing way .to you. As
a resûlt, only tfe well-toido, educated are
able.to escape from the d¡afl Many thousands of my brothers in exile left this coun-

t¡v because their local draft boa¡ds did not
bélieve that they showed enough reason or

proof that they could not kill; many went to
loãgeriooperate with you or the system
pri¡pn I cannot condone a system that
which you rePresent and uPhold.
October 10,'1974lVol. X, No. 34
exióts on the premise that all men can and
Tfuoughout the Indochina'war I have
should be able to kill other men, unless they
been a conscientious objector. The fil-e which
'
cah+prove to their draft boa¡d that they canVã" ftuu" on me contairi-s reams and rãams of
'4.,To Crae k Our Single Selves, An '
not I iannot condone a system whose sole
itatementg letterg and reasons for my stan$.
Exchange of Lett€rs |,Eq1bgro Derning
prlrpose is to provide enöugh manpower to
grounded in a religious stand for myîlordlt
&
Brad LYttle
wredk violence and death upon other peo
and ethical values Oir August 17, 1971 you
ples
world
1-0,
recognizing,of
in
freedom,
the
the name of
granted to me the status of
8. Wisconsin EcologY Threatened
ãe, legally, as a conscientious objector to all justice, and world peace
Borbord Miner
I stand in solidarity iif:øäsciencä.with
wrt attd killing. Let mqo(plain to you why I
pooples
status.
this
the
the
world
who
are
op
all
in
accePt
longer
can no
10. Radical Land Trust in West Virigina
pressed, imprisoned, exiled and tortu¡ed.for
To accept any classification would mean
Paul Sqlstrofil
their moral.and political beliefs, I only hoþe
to accept the legitimacy of the system of
13. French Farrhers fi'ght Militarism
they can find it inside themselves to "parconscriþtion ¡rnd the milita¡y for which it,
Craig
don" me for having taken so lorg to stand
exists i cannot do.this I have been brought
¡ü, DEGEL
thenr.
up all my life to believe in the rþhts of in"
þeside
-JAMES
t
Director, Spokane Center for World 16. Exiles Reiect Bogus Amnesty I lack
dividual conscience and have been told tha!
'r
' Justice and Peace
Colhoun
a person must stand by his "religious" be

Simpson '
..ì

.

17., Changes

20. Reviews
Cover: Paper cutting bY Mark Morris

TRY TO REMEMBER

Try to remember the 7th of December when death
was chic and oh so'mellow

Try to remember the kind of December whenfMarines
,were keen and Japs were yellow

Trv to remember the 7th of December when Mars was
'd
tender and callow fpllow
'ycíu
remember then bellow
Try to remember and if
Bellow bellow bellow
Bellow bellow bellow

Try to remember when war was

so tender that none

was killed except the soldier

Try to remember when life

was so tender no guns
were kept beneath your Pillow
Try to remember when life was so tender c¡t¡es

weren't embers about to b¡llew

T¡y úo remember and if you,remerh6er then bellow
Bellow bellow bellow
Bellow bellow bellow
Early in September its hard to remember ahho you
know the shit will follow
Early in September its härd to rernember without a
clot the heart is hollow
Early in September its hard tqremember the bombs
of December that made us iallow
I Early in September our wounds would remembe¡ and

j

bêllow

Bellow
Bellow
Bellow
Bellów

bellow
bellow
bellow
bellow

bellow
bellow
bellow
bellow. .

.

-Tuli

Kupferberg

STAFF
Maris Cakars

.

Susan Cakars

Chuck Fager . Mary Mayo
Mark Morris . Susan Pines
Fred Rosen . Martha Thomases
UNINDICTED
COCONSPIRATORS
LãncG B€lvlll€ . Jarfy Cofflñ . Lynno _Coffln
o¡anå Dav¡os. Ruth Deâr" Ralph D¡Gla.
Brlðn oohorty . Soth Foldy ' Jlm For€st
Lelh Frltz. Larry Gara . Nell H¡worth
Eð.Hcdeman. qflce Hodeman . Mârty Jozor
Bgcky Jotinson . Nancy Johnson
Paul JohnÈon . Alllsoh Kffpel . Cralg Karpel
lot Llnzer . Jullo Maås.
.,-Davld McRey.nOlds
Jlm Peck . Tad Rlchardt . lgal RoodenRo
ì.
Nancy Rooen.. Wêridy Schwartz
BcÍorly Woodward

Box 547 / Rifton / New York '1247','
Telephone 914 339-4585

i'4î'

, . -'

WIN l¡ Dublbh.d w..kly .xc€pt for th. t¡tsí
two waak3 ln Jrnu¡ry. 2nd w..k ln.Mly. ll3t 4
wxk¡ ln Aug6t rnd tnr lârt wa.k ln octob.i
bi th. WIN Pubal¡h¡ng Emplr. wlth.thc a¡pport
of th. Wat R-¡3tar3 l-alguè Subsctlgtlon¡ llc
,¡7.0o par ya¡r. Sacond clú3 po3t.0. ¡t Naw
'Yorls NY lO(þ1. lndlvl¡lu¡l wrlt.E.ra r6polÈ
¡lbla-lor oolnlons o(Þra¡¡aal and lccurrcy ol

fact¡ glyalL Sorry-manulcllpt¡ c.nnot ba rè
turn¡rl unl¡¡ accomp¡nl.d by â r.lf.!ddr.¡¡.d
Prlnt¡rl ln rU.g'A
¡tamp.d .nu.loDa
WIN 3

I

To Crack 0 nf Stngle Sehes
AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN

BARBARA DEMING AND BRAD LYTTLE
.

This post summer Brad Lyttte visited me one afternoon and we fell into a discussion of hotmosexuality.
By! tlt9Wh.t it very wrong to deny homoiàiuols the¡r
civll 1Ìghts, but at thot time stilt fett that homàsexual
relatignships were substitute relotionships forrmed by
peoplg who were unable to form satisføLtury hetero_
sexual relatioltships I argued that homosexuatity wos
as naturol qs heterosexuality. Soon ofter, we exéhanged

the following

letters.

-:AO

Dear Barbara,

I've been attempting to sort out our last discussion,
understand what you w,ere saying, and clarify my own
ideas. Before going further, thou-gh, with thii letter,
I'd like to ask if you really want to discuss these mat-

ters with me. Don't hesitate to tell me if you feel it,s
a waste of time.
That said, I'd like to put down a number of ideas
in a somewhat systematic way.
lf hu.ma-n animds possess a genital differentiation,
obviously for purposes of sexual reproductiòn, it
seems reasonable to expect them to have a corresponding and appropriate emotional differentíation. Hetero-

sexuality would seem thg appropriate biological at_
titude.
Ye.t,.l?.r99 numbers of human beings aren't heterq

sexual. Why? There are traditionallv íwo piaces to
for an explanation for feelings and'drives. One
:eïcf
is biological. The other is social. Gainess,r.r, to
hdve no reasonable biological brisin. Whv should na_

ture frustrate the mechanisms of procreátion?
A social origin for gayness seems much more likely.
..
It would seem reasonable to believe that gay people '
have been effected in some way by socieiy áiiferåntty
than heterosexual people.
Before tal.king with you, I was inclined to regard
gayness as a kind of ,,damage." your ideas
havJled me
to reexamine this notion. Gay people seem to be cãpä-ble of as full emotional satisfâitiori in their relationships as are heterosexual people. ln fact, it may be
that.most gay relationships may be bettôr emoîionally,
for they may contain fewer elements of oppression, "
exploitation, and role playing. Since society rewards
heterosexuality so highly, many of these reiationships
may. be completely dominated bjr notions of ego satiisd
faction, status,_and wealth. Gay pçople, however,
would tend to have "purer" experiences, for they
would seek each other out of genuine néed for each
other, rather than for manipulãtive or abstract reasons.
Consequently, the emotional and psycholosical benefits to gay people from their relátionships rñav be
greater than those most heterosexuals derive.
I'm inclined to this view because it tallies with a,
number of my observationi. ,Radical politics is an ex_
ceedingly demanding field. To be sucðessful in it requires exceptional sensitivity to others, and objeo
tivity concerning oneself. Some of the most successful people I know are at least oartlv sav.
- Alsq I think of the recenr euv ,âliv in Sheridan
Square for which I pròvided tñeiounâ system. The
quality of speaking and singing-overall-was perhaps
hlgher than atany rally l,ve ever attended, including
civil rights rallies- Gayness didn't impair tÉe capaciiy
of those people for feeling injustice,'identifying with
each other, expressing thelr iäeas, and being crõative.
lhere wasn't a stale or rhetorical word. Somqof the

feelings expressed were bitter, but it was superb radi.
cal politics.
Now there have been many suicessful heterosexuals
-in radical
politics, too. But there are also many heter;
sexuals who have been seriously inhibited in their '
.political activity by sexual damage. Simply being a
"normal" biological heterosexual guarantees very líttle
in terms of personality development
Photo by Diana Davies

, .,t.

I

''-t.

-.. ln regard to my notion about l'sexual damage-,1'
I'm incllned to revise it this way: Gayness probäbly
has a social rather than a biological origin. All human

As you know, I've been reading WiiÚelm.(eich a
great deal these days. I may have mentioned that I'm
in almost complete agreement with the ideas he exfr"rs"s in The'Functlon of the Orgosry. Reich doesn't
cleal at length or depth with gayness' indeed at.one
time he eiþressed d'eep contempt for gay people' But
there is nothing in his'ideas about sexual dynamics
that condemnigayness, for gay people should be as.
ãipaUte of "orgãstic potency'' as hetero-sexual. people'
Oigasms aren'idepen dent on gen i taf ,differe¡ ti ati on,
rat-her upon genital stimulation and friendship. Two
sav peoòle riho love each other undoubtedly,could
ñuí. A"äp.t orgastic experiençes than two hetero
sexuals wtto simply engage in the qeproductive act" And all the psychologiial benefit that Reich describes
as flowing from "orgastic potency," would come to
sav oeoole as well as to heterosexuals.
"- 'ieicñ's discoveries about sexual dynamics led him
to believe in a generalized sgxual energy, w.hìch, if .

beings are always sexual, and biologically th,ey may
haveä slight teádency to a psychologica[ differentiatioñ thaf¿ói¡espondi with their genital differentiation. Social influences in infancy and.childhbod,
which are yet little understood, mãy override the
biological inclination and produce gay'ness. Gayness
repreiehts neither a change in a person's sexual na:
tu're, nor damage, it is siriply a difrerent form of ile-

velopmenL

Such a theory explains a number of phenomena in
lf the-biblogical tèndenoy toward maleness or
femaleness is only slight, then to maximize heterosexual differentiation, a society would have to invoke

society.

strong social con.trol. As you pointed out, that's what's
happened. Heterosexuality is highly rewarded- Why do
some people believe that this strong polarization, is
desi'rable? ln some societies it is an advantage. Which
ones? ln warlike societies. The "male" personality is
created tci fi.ght. Gayness is always "put down" in.
societies thái place a high value on military qtruggl-g, - .
be they reactionary, as in fascist Germany, or revolutionary, as in Cuba and China.

-'

reteasea iñ orgasms led td"ñental health, but if
damned up led to neurosis. These are Freudian no'
tions too-a! least roughly. Reich then went on to try
to generalize sexual enìrgy into cosmic energy, which
heõalled "orgone energy," and here herleaves me,
mainly, I think, because he began tospeculate too
much, ând didri't have enough experimental evidence

iutly

to support his ideas. ln comparison with his later

ideas'about orgone energy and metaphysics, his early
ideas about a generalized sexual energy were rooted
in cli nical observation'
ihi;;"ii"" about a generalized sexual ènergy, leads
to a corollary that Reich didn't seem to seeJhe sig'
nificance of, that is that the energy doesn't necessarily have á male or female character. That's'obvìbus
Ly thã consequence of a theory of unified se¿ual enerjy. What this means in regard to the question of gay'
ñãss is that the male or female psychological aspects
of a person's personality are.superficial in comparison
to dre ferson's deeppr sexuality. Whatpver the cause,
be it biological or social, whether I am a man or a
woman'is liss important than that I am a human being caþab-le of love-sexual and orgastic loverin its
.

fullest sense.
This brings us back to your statement that a gay
relationship-should not be considered a "s€cond class"
relationship. You are right' lt may well be a better
relationship than most ñeterosexual ones. lt is inferior onÍy in that it can't produce children, and in the
dawning age of test tube'babies, controlled genetics, .
the agoñie; of contraception and abortion, how much
of an iriferioritY is that?

'*:ì\:ì,.--..

Gayness flourishes, and is accepted in societies that
deemphasize war and emphasize culture and peace:
classic Greece, and the American counter-culiure.
Who regards gayness as "degenerate," and societies
in which gayness flourishes as "deçadent?" Pêople
who see life in term's of ruthless competition, and ul-

timate violent confl ict.
, . My own hunch is that in an unexploitative, peaceful society, without capitalist and militaristic institution5, most people would be heterosexual, because
that's the biological inclination, but there would also
be many gay and bi-sexual people who would be fully
accepted.

It also occurs to me that this line of th¡nking explains.why ancient and primitive societies, particularly
agricultural ones (like that which gave birth to the
Bible) so oppose gayness. Like the military, they needed bodies, children, to leplace those lost to epidemics
and accidents, and to t¡ll the fields. I would expect
that as the vulnerabitity of a society to natural disasters increases, as the death rate rises, the society becomes anti-gay.

Our society faces disasters of its own making. Enforced sexual polarization contributes to our problems. The feminist and g¿y movements I therefore see
as at the center of the struggle to avert moral brutalization and biological extinction-and I can write this
as a pronounced heterosexual.
Lovg
Brad

Dear Brad,
Yes, I really do want to discuss "these matters"

'

wíth you-sexuality.
You write: " lf human animals

possess a

genital dif-

ferenúiation, obviously for purposes of sexual reproduction, it seems reasonable to expect them to have
a corresponding and appropriate emotíonal differentiation. Heterosexuality would seem the appropriate bio
logical attitude." I don't,follow you here. Would you
try to put into words for me what you feel to be the
appropriate emotional differentiation? How should a
man feel toward a woman, a woman toward a man?
My own strong conviction is that this very belief that
we should feel differently toward one another lies at

the root of all our difficulties. Yes, the genital differentiation is for.purposes of reproduction, obviously. But
what purposes would you say that the emotional differentiation serves? / would say that down through
history the claim that there must be such a differentiation has served the purposes of male domination.
Actually, later in your letter you yourself write in
a way that plays down those socalled differences between us. Writing of Reich, you say, ,iIHis] notion
about a generalized'sexual energy leadi to a corollary
that Reich didn't seem to see the significance of, that
is that the energy doesn't necessarily have a malê or
female character." And you write: ,iWhat this means
in regard to the question of gayness is that the male
or female psychological aspects of a person,s personality are.superficial in comparison lo the person's deeper
sexuality." I very much agree. And here is a question
for you: Does this energy not have a biological source?
I
_ask this beôause you writé earlier in your letter,
"Gayness seems to hãve no reasonable biological origin.
Why should nature frustrate the mechanisms of pro-:
creation?" l'll answer your question with another quer
fion: Shouldn'f those mechanisms be frustrated rathei
more often than they are? lsn't overprocreation a
problem? And l'll answer it with a deeper question:
ls the only reason for sexuality pröcreation? That's
not Reich's view, is it? (You say that you find yourself "in almost.complete agreement" with him.) I've not
yet read Reich, so let me speak simply for myself. I
would say myself that òur sexuality is giveh us to that
we can commune with one another-and with our universe. lt "cracks our single selves," I say in a poem I'll
enclose. And for me this reason for its being given us
is quite as primary as that of procreation. Without
sexuality we would be impossibly isolated wíthin our
individualities. We could not experience community,
could not experience in our flesh the truth that we are,
all of us, "members one of another," and of all that is.
The sense of this is very labking in the modern worldbecause our sexuality is, yes, very damaged. Dama{öd,
lwould say, by the attempt to split it into the so
called male and the socalled female-the one sèx supposedly by nature dominan! the other supposedly
happy in surrender-all possibilities of qommunion
weakened by this lie. For dominance and submission
can produce only distortions of communion.
lf we can free ourselves of the will to dominate (or
the willingness to submit), our sexuality allows us, i
very much believe, to commune not only with other
people but with the whole world of nature. You write
that " Reich's discoveries about sexqal dynamics led '
him to believe in a generalized sexual energy, which,
if fully released in orgasms led to mental health, but
if damned up led to neurosis." I would express the
same belief-except that I would leave out the words
"in orgasms." The language of genital sexuality is a
wonderful language for communion, but not the only
language. There have been periods in my life when I '
have been, literally speaking celibate and yet in such
communion with others that I felt no sexual frustration at all. (This \!as very much s'o for the months i
was on the walk to Cuba, for example.) I know that
others have had cbmparable experiences. I have just
been looking through some of Rilke's letters and here
is a sentence from one of them: "And I really believe
I sometimes get so far as to express the whole impulse
of my hearÇ without loss and fatality, in gently laying
my hand on a shoulder."

6 WrN
Paper cuttlngs

by Mark Morris

journal
Let me quote a passagè, too, from a kind gf
natural
with-the
communion
in wtr¡cfr he'describes a
world which I would call sexual in a profound sense.'
itì'e is writing of himself in the third person):
' "lt could have been little more than a year ago,
when, in the castle garden which sloped down fairly
ii".oív towards¡he sea, something strange ertuountered
cusi-rim. Úalting up and dqwn with a book, as was,his
less
the
more,or
into
to
recline
happened
had
t,"
iár.
iñãúl¿er-trigfr fork of a shrublike tree, and in this posi'
iion itme¿¡utely felt himself so agreeab,ly s.upported
ånd so amply reposed, that he remainedas he was,
*ithort read'ing, completely rçceived into nature, in
an almost unco]iscious contempTatìon. Little þV littte
his attention awoke to a fe'eling he had never.'known:
ìt wus as thouÉh almost imperceptible vibrations were
oassinq into him from the interior of the tree.''; 'lt
b"t"ä to him that he had never been¡filled with more
gentie motions, his body was being so-mehovü t¡eated
fike a soul, and put in a state to receive a degree of inflr"n.t *hiah, giutn the normal apparentness of one's'
physical conditlons, ¡eally could not have been felt at
ä1.-. 'Nevertheless, côncerned as he always-was to ac-

count to himself for precisely the most delicate impressior-1s, he insistently asked himself what was hapan exþening tó him then, and almost at once found
he
that
himself,
to
saying
him,
that
satisfied
þressión
he
Laþr,
.
Nature.
of
got
side
to the other
irad
'
thought he could recall certain moments in which the
på*Ëi ãt this one was already contained, as-ìn a seed'
ile remembered the hour in that other southern garden (Capri), when, both outside and within him the
.iv dt u'uiiã was óorrespondingly pres.elt, did not, so
to speak, break upon the barriers'of his body,-but
äUì"tt¿ inner an'd outer together into one uninteriupted spacg in which, mysteriously protected, only
'one single spot of purest' deepæt consclousness re'
mained. That time he had shut his eyes' so as not to
bei confused in so generous an experience by the contour of his 6ody, and the infinite passed into him so
intimately from every side, that he co'qld believe he
felt the liãht reposing of the already appearing stars

within his breasl"

sexuality, I would say, makes possible experithis-which I have known, too, and assume
that you have known. Would you not agree that we
lack fûllest mental health if we are not capable of this?
Sexuality can dissolve the boundaries of our indi'.
vidual selvei; it makes possible a deep relati-on with the
rest of the world. Reason enough for being placed
within us. That the act which can result in thè birth of
new life results itself from this urge to touc,þ other
iifr tnun our own is as it should be. But the creation of
children is not the only reason for our sexuality'
You write that "the biological inclination" is to be
heterosexual. I would say that the biological inclinalìon is simply to be sexual. You write "A social origin
for gaynesi s'eems' . 'likely." I would la.y tllata social
uitotôt to force us to be heterosexual is ob¡ious' lf
societv did not try to make us all heterosexuals-and
üo"triuittlv were dispelled and, with it' the power inrqliti.t thai make most heterpsexual relalionships so
diitorting my guess is that we would find ourselves
ãuite natîralív attracted to either sex. lt would be a \
matter simply of which individual person awakened
love in us'

ört

ences like

Love,

Barbara

Spirit of lovi
That blows against our flesh
Sets

i!

trenbl-ing i

Mo.ves across

it

'

as across grass

Erasing every boundary that we accept
And swings the doors of our lives wideThis is a prayer I sing:
S4ve

our perishing earth!

Spirit that cracks our single selvesEyes

fall down

eyes,

Hearts escãpe through the bars of our ribs

To dart into other bodiesSave this earth!
The earth is perishing.
This is a prayer I sing.

Spirit that hears each one of
Hears 4ll tha!

is-

Listens, listens, hears us

us,

out-

. ,i
',' ii

.

lnspire us ngw! ,".
Our own púlse beâts in every strahger's throat, '
And als.o there within the flowered ground beneath our feet,

And-teach u9-$ro.'listenj¡-r:.. : .- We can h.ear it in water, in'woòd, änd even in stone..
w. ur. .urih of this eaith, ancl we aie bone of its bone.''''
This is a prayer I sing, for we have forgotten this and so .1'.,
The earth is perishirg.

Brod Lyttle is a peace activist currently working Ín
Chicago. Barbarq Deming ¡s a writer ond activist, The
poem gt the end of her letter 0ppeors in her book We
'Cannot

Live Without Our Lives, Grossmon Publishers,

1974.

wlN

7

Ì

will produce 'l 60 tons of copper concentrate,and 840

tons'of potentiallv toxic wastes a day. Kennêcott will
strip mine for 11 years and, if it is profitable will mine

..!:

WIS'EON$,TN EEOLOEY
THREATENED
l don't expect to see any great
impact on the community-either taxes or employwas less enthusiastic. "

BARBARA MINER
To somg Kennecott Copper Company is a fairy godmother, coming to poor Wisconsin to sprinkle it lightly with jobs and taxes. To others, it is a tornado which
will whirl away huge amounts of high grade copper.
Midarlikg the company will turn the copper into millions of dollars of profits while a ravaged state wonders what hit it.
Kennecot! the nation's largest producer of copper,
plans to start construction of Wisconsin's first copper
mine in mid1976 or mid'1977.The mine is located
near Ladysmith in Rusk County.
Proponents of the mine hope it will bring much
needed jobs to the small, sluggish town of Ladysmith
and to Rusk County. Opponents of the mine say
Kennecott will:
-leave after 1l T.o22 years with no clear responsibility
toward long term environmental effects.
-pay minimal taxes while earning g5 million a year in
profits.

-exploit non:renewable

resources before the state is
able to develop a sound copper policy.
While controversy rages and Kennecott calmly
plans, many of the people in Ladysmith-who don't
even know details of the mine-take a wait-and-see
attitude. A woman in the local drugstore said typically, "l don't know much.about it. I haven't considered
it cause I'm not that wellversed on it. I guess I'm in

favor of it."
Its not that Kennecott has been secretive, but
they're letting the public hear only what the company
wants. As Mike Jansen of Rusk County said, "People
have not been educated to know the true impact of it
all.'l For or against, Vera Jansen echoed evèryone's
conclusion. "The only thing that's clear is that Kenne
cott is going to mine."
With the mine will come a few jobs and some eco
nomic activity, and that makes most local.bgsínessmen glad. "Anything that brings somç money to the
town-fine," saíd one. Another, while for the ming
8 WIN

menLtt

The mine will employ about 4G50 meñ locally.
UnemploymenÇ averaging 8.6%and as high as14%in
the winter, will go down to about7.1% as a result of
the mine. The monetary impact of the mine is estimated at $1,750,000 ayeaï $1 million in salaries;
$200,000 in goods and services; and the remainder
generated by local spending.
What's going to happen to the environment when
Kennecott mines? Will the mine pollute the Flambeau
River? Poison the local ground water? Drive away
wildlife? These environmental worries can't be"corg:
pletely soothed because no one knows the answer.
"We just don't have enough data to predict'what
will happen in 50 years," said Brent McCown of the
lnstitute for Environmental Studies. He is especially
worried about the lake created when Kennecott fills
the used-up mine pit with water. "This body of water
will be created principally âs a convenient dump for
the toxic wastes created by the mine. An initially
short term mining activity has the potential of creating a long term liability for whoever assumes resppnsibility for the area in ensuing years."
Others are concerned that the highly toxic sulfide
wastes may seep into the Flambeau River or the local
ground water. Sigwald Ringstad of Ladysmith, who
before he retired worked for the state in conservation,
said, "'l'd bet a million dollars if I had it that some of
those pollutants are bound to get into the river."
Although Kennecott plans to build a 190 acre
waste disposal area surrounded by a 60 feet high dike,
25 gallons of toxic seepage are expected. Ed May,
Kennecott's representative ín Ladysmith, was asked if
Kennecott would assume any long term environmental
responsibility. He replied, "You asked a multi-million
dollar question. lt's premature to say'this is what we
do when we're thru."' Another Kennecott spokesman
answered simply, "We endeavor to be a good neighbor:
wherever we go."
The mine will be a 55 acre 285 feet deep-open pit
minq situated 300 feet from the Flambeau River. lt

und'erground for another 1-1 years.
Kennecott is coming. Although a second cafe might
ooen and the Miner Theatre may start showing a Sundäv matineg don't eipect a new school or bqfter
roádr. N.ith.r the city nor the school district will receive a cent in taxes fróm the mine.
" l was wondering why Kennecott got into Rusk
Countv-this is a small project," said Joel Schilling of
the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. "But I think
I'm beginning to understand. Thg taxes are so small,'
irl.v;ll"g.t a 6efter return here. li's a giant rip off."
Íh. town of Grant, where the mine is located, will
eet a little over $10,000 a year in taxes from the mine'
ihe state will get about $375,00Q a year, andnRusk
County will receive about $4,600 a yegf.
Arizona, a major copper producingßtate, has a tax
which brings in about two to three ¿nd a half times
more revenue.
Meanwhile, Kennecott will pay off their $15 million investment in two to three years and clear over
95 million'a year in profits for the rest of their stay.
At least that's the best that can be figured. Ed May
was asked what Kennecott expected in profits. He
answered, " l'm sorry I can't answer that."
lf Kennecott manages to pull off their great con
job on the people of Wisconsin,.partial blalne will lie
with state officials and legislators who let it happen.
Although Wisconsin has potentially large reserves of
high grade copper, there is no state policy dealing with
.its extraction
John Rigg, chief of the mètal mining division of
the US lnterior Dept., predicts that northern Wiscon- !¡
sin and northeastern Minnesota will be the
,copper and nickel producing aread in the US by the

largest

year 2000. They are potentially the largest copper
producing are.as in the North American continent.
Al Gedicks, author of Kennecott Copper Corporo'
tion ond Mining Development in Wìsconsin, fears that
history may repeat itself. "Wisconsin's'horthern counties were once major suppliers of iron ore for Ameri-

Copper mine and smelter ¡n Arizona shrouded in pollution.
Photo by Cornelius Keyes/LNS.

.t

ca's steel mills. But half a century of mining activity
has not resulted in thriving industrial communities;
rather, it has resulted in widespread. poverty.and unemployment which has necessitated large migrations
from the resion."
''' i'r.'ä"o';tli4ilti n sctrre¡ uer' recentl y stated that o pe n
pit copper mining could turn the face of ìrorthern Wisðonsin into a "delashted moonscape" unless there is

,
planning.
i:b million a year has beti:ñ spent by ,35 mi¡'

long range
Over

i

.:

irig companies exploring for coppei in northern Wis-',

co-nsin. Meanwþil'e, the state.is havi.ng trouble formirig
a copper policy study committee. As the st¿te bumbles aiong in ignorance, Kennecott moves ahead confidently. it is öell expórienced in ôhanging

r

copper

under the ground to money in the bank..
Kennecãtt owns four other copper mines in this
country. It is perhaps most famous as the former ownéi of tÉe El Tåniente mine-the largest underground
copper mine in the world-in Chile. Salvador Allende,
the late president of Chile, estimated that Kennecott;
alo¡g with Anaconda Copper Company, had taken
$3;8b0,000;000 out of Chile on an initial investment
of $10 million.
Kennecott also hopes to mine,in'Fúerto Riçg-if
they don't run into problems. A formerofficial of the
Puerto Rican Mining Commission recently charged
that the copper ore deposits in Puerto Rico are worth
at least five times more than Kennecott and American
Metal Climax are offering. He said that the copper
companies h1d.Çoncealed the riçhes! veins in their
negotratrons.

Peabody Coal Company, which has 47 mines in
this country and is involved in extensive strip mining
in the East and West is completely owned by Kenne-

cotL
'Passage of a low copper taxation bill rushed thru
the state legislature last spring gave Kennecott the
green light to go ahead with their plans, after Kenne-

ðott thrlateneã to walk out of Wiiconsin if the bill
were not passed.
. Rep. Dueholm, chairman of the Taxåtion Committee, wanted to call Kennocott's bluff. "l didn't buy
their threat then and I don't buy it now. A bill that
big shouldn't go thru so fast. l'm a politician by accident. But I can smell something rotten and this stunk.
What burned me up more than anything else is here's
something that will deplete our resources and it goes
through without proper action before any committèe."'
Rep. M. Midge Miller, also of the Taxation Committeg said,i'Thê oblection I had was that I had no
way of kirowing i;f this was a good or a bad bill and
we had to makothe ¿cciftgl so.fasJ. I wanted to study
it"

mo.re.tt

r

':
The'bilì ðdls for a 1.5% tax on the value of the
minerals taken from the ground. lt does not make
Kennecott pay property tax on the copper deposit,
stating, "the value of the mineral contents of such
lands" is not to be taxed. The value of the mine-its
expected profits-is between $40 and $70 million. The
bill, introduced by Rep. Joe Sweda of Rusk County,
;was never publicly presented to the people of Rusk
County. lntroduced late in the legislative period,.it
passed about 2 am the last day of session.

Borbara Miner is

o

'

journølÍsm student at the UniversÌty

of

Wisconsin and works with Community Action on
Lotin America, o c0mpus based onti-imperìalist group.

wtN

9

Radical Land Tiust inwbst
'.
Many of these indentured whites escaped before

serving their full seven years, often
ing the Appatachian móuntains tã uloiã

enteri;*ïi-rr-

PAUL SALSTROM
",nn.nallchian.plateau" of wesrern West Virginia
]!e
rs geotogically distinct from

the much higher Ap-pala_
chian mountains to its easL Once higherihãn the
Himalayas, the Appalachian range nã, *"in áo*n
over many million years to altitudes about 4500 feet
above sea level and 2500 feet above the rivers
which
drain iL Not created by erosion, ttl, rnornü¡ns have.
'
nonetheless been shaped by it.
T.hi.r ex-plateau west of ihe mountains, on
the other
.h.and,
has become a tortuous network of 'hollows and
ridges due entirely to erosion. Neither it,, ,orntr¡n,
nor the plateau have been glaciated for many millions
of years. But baok when thl mountails ioaiåj'to
Himalayan heights this ptareau to ilrÀiiwãüîas nat
rano. uver the eons while torrents were lowering
the
mountains so drastically, the placid rivers to t'he
west

managed to incision their network of hollows
only
aboLrt 500 feer betow rhe originaily flutpi;i;il.
Today the Appat ch ian pt aîeau éom prisãi iougn
I
v

:

western.West Virginia and eastern Kentucky.
ôver

two mílljon people call it home_anA w¡in í
ieivor of_
ten.mtslng from the word,,home,'elsewhere in
the
United Srates. Bur unrit the 1970's

rht;;iú;;';ü;ry

of the region, with the exceprion of its liUãi iiruggleE
has rarely amounted to morä than local iãlor.
ño* ¡n
the.wake of Black history and Chicano t ¡itãiv,
a com.
prehensive.approach to Appalachian frisøry
ìíhnlt/
Henry Caudill,s Night Comes to ínle èumOen
9me¡sjnc.
tands ts a good introduction to the region.
Present-day residenrs of tne Âppáîáãüiun pluteau
are almost entirely descended from the ree¡oñ;i lgth
ce.nlyry settlers. There has been much rnoiine ãround

within the region bur surprisingly l¡ttle in_miãrition
from outside. And who were rñe'tSth centuiiiäti"
they. come from ana wnaiiouia por_
-tl¡pZ,Wnerg.did
srbry
have attracted them to a wilderness of steep'hills
and hollows? Did they perhaps nave some-visioÃ to
fulfill?
Neither the Declaration of lndependence nor the
'Ulaòt'
Constitution curtailed the impor.tat¡on of
slaves
from Africa, and neither document cuiørr¿ iiì" irn:'
portation of indenrured whires from rhe i"¡ì;;;i;f
slums of England, Scotland and lreland. l;;i;"
u
pover,ty the-only escape from which was
to piomíse
your "benefactor,, seven years' labor as
-t;iÅi
f:l y o ul ocean passase. péopte, ienã¿îprepáyment

dreds o1 thousands.
10 WIN

r.,

rn.

äi?.ìt. ottn.rr,

who stayed and worked like honest folk. noìemeles '
tended to find themselves too poor as fréemen to buy
either land or trade tools, and i.lrrti"tlv
iäined the
migration west beyond cívilization.
ln 1799 while Jefferson and Company were maneuvenng tor power in Washington, a dissolute band of
ex-indenturees was poling ñs flátboat out of the downstream current of the Ohio River, into and against the
cuff.ent of a tributary called the Guyandottel penetrating what was then the wildernesi of nortñwestern
Virginia" (Today Huntington, West Virginia siands at
the confluence of those riúers.) Our bañd of neler-dowells found a few scattered lnâians, Cherokeés, who
knew ingenious ways to catch fish but Uy anJ târge were so poor as to virtually starve every winter.
From whar few remaini rheir laboróu, iiuli nuu,
.left.pn
papeç nothing suggests that these-påtò1. .ur.
oeanng a vts¡on. I heir motive was escape from the
net
of a civilization which had consigneA tf.,rrn iá ,riliorn.
Theh foremosr plan was ro groilenough corn ã i;;"'
through the winter. Their liveliest fancy was tqgroyt
enough extra to make whiskey. promisôuity was com_
mon, including incesl
Bibles trickled inro rhe hills only larer. with the
_
literate "preachers,, who could ,riá tÀrî.'öñ'urrtl.s
were built last-long after the cabins and Uaini
an¿
hg8.pen-not first, as some New Englanders can boast
oÌ thetr forebearers' churches.
The names of the men and women who first settled
what is now Lincoln County, West Virginiá wãul¿,
cause no surprise among préient-day re"sidenis-of
the
991!ty: The fÌrst record, of a McComas, dates from
years tatei an Adkins arüii¿ilL¿^v
\1?P.::\ieral
or. the- county's residents bear that name.
ofórn
!u!l
oenrnct ttctit¡ous middle initials assigned by tÉeir
local
postmasters.

.

lh.es9 earliest settlers claimed for themselves and

,

their heirs the largest bottoms of nn" soii ãlonË *,.
buyandotte River. Later waves of settlers too[to the
rldge.tgns. Nor unrit after rhe Civit War à¡ã rnánv
of
the side.hollows, wirh rheir acre or two ãf Uåìtom_

fand bordering the creeks, begin to attractsettlers.
Ëelore the Civil War all living was on a subsistenae .,
basis.with the exceprion of a-few tu;t",,s;;l;.r_
chants. hven preachers weren't paid. And a mere
one
or two acres of good soil-all most hollows could ofli
Ter-wasn't enough to support a farm with its animals;
Tew enough farms fulfilled
Jefferson's rur¿lr"

,äiil**'

!!

After the Civil War, money gradually begap changinethii picture, first t'hrough'tñe timber business' Timfirst
üå? áóãåtòri didn't puy much, but tl*v we¡e lhe
Io'oáv unvttting. Besides the regular iobs, they'd pay
áóttar rór riding a raft of huge virgin logs down
"oiã'u
River îne +O or 50 miles to Hunting'
ifi.õrván¿otte
,

to three days on the river besides the walk
úãit trorr. ln the 1ti90's the coal operators and the
ð & O railroad arrived together, but they merely
oaised throueh Lincoln County up river to the famous

ü;-tw;

of Logan CountY.
äoalfields
-ni*t"t" natüral resource industries arrived-to be
followed soon after 1900 by the natural gâs interestsuãrns oeople were increasingly drawn away. from the
'pãiiiätbtl"i fam i y ho mesteads. Bv estab I i sh i ng ho mes
in the hollows they could commute out to iÔbs, still
retaining enough leisure to cultivate the àcre or two
a typical hollow afforded'
of
"Ë;ñ#;;Ãiåä¡ã"n"",
"' bottõmland
the. arriväl qt
T9.""i i"
the area was accompanied by the arrival of the orsanized church, the church as-.an'institution' l-rom
õuiiW"t days,'if not before, iíìbst villages.had. inJrJ"¿ ; Communitv Church to which all local ChrisI

iia¡i

grãu

itui"d.

N

om i nal

I

v, most

of. these.

:!Yt

t¡tt

were Ñlethodisl Around 1900 the Methodist hierarchi"s U"gun imposing "educational sttndards". on
ilåã.ñ.it in thi reg'ón, ffiggering a mass exodus'

i¡ãü ól in. d isgruñtl eá coñgregati ons even tual v
sè9, pykil,q the end
i;i;;Jñ "¡ añother Baptiit
churches' This is. still the Bible
äÌ;;lfi;¡ communitv
é"U uriu zubtle demoralization haunts the churches
ñãiJ .ltttr'tere in America. Few churches are full'
"i
I

And yet, despite the inroads from outside äf

thtt'

i"it rtl"i*JTears-the arrival of various raw.material
inJrrii¡"i and the sectarianization of the Christian
carries

;;;;fd-

scátch' I rish culture i n the.h

il ls

álät:"nä ór the few homogeneous survivals in the
Ã*.i¡"un melting pol I have gone into deta¡l about
better
n"oäiiãrt¡"" histöiv because itn¡ntt [t explains'
d
ex plai n'
cou
isionarv
v
utt
ãolt'"io
i;e
;hä-;ñih
v
I

Unlike previous outsiders, the hip.pies.(mani' of

*h;;;;,iJ pref.r to be considered ex-hìppies).have
[o exploit nor change the hìll peoplg¡.""iirl"i
".r"
;ñ;;;t;;;. t; i;i" them, and lãarn their wav"of life'
it on to their heirs.
and
- idpass
*ut only five years ago that.the first hippie set.tlers

arrived ih

l¡nioln Cointy,

West Virginia-a small

sröuo of Catholic Workers. Now in 1974 the county

ãjo hifpie landowner.s,-and a comparable
Ë|"ìåi"i
"".i fo¡ iano. The pace- öf in-migratjon m Ãf tuéirooting
thin doubles eiery year. And behiììd the scenes,. while
r,ippi¿t irr" torntáin""t, many 4 mountaineer is turning hippie.

"Emérging,

I suspect, is a myth which can encompass

tf't" Jãtãtuiízation aná possibie breakdown of Americin civilization:a myth'of how entanglement was a-

áuä¿"¿, but not this time through rugged. inditime through rugged comm.unitarianof a
ffi.Ï;w ironic ttrat had ñot sõme early victims
years.ago'
175
here
civilization on the make escaped
we oroducts of that civilization's success m¡ght ln our
now as
iri'i hãã no chance of escape from the debacle with
itî tótn"nt of truth approaches' Our disillusion
than
i-t'te nt"ti"un dream has been more last-minute
(Meanwhile'
*" t"itit.h when we came tQ the hills'
ålråritãtine the picture, more than ever-beforé the
generAmerican dieam is penetrating the hills' l-or the
televisiòn, the psythic center of affairs has
"ilã"iiîntã
away from the home counties' ln maktng our
shifted
íårt*it"tã'"scape-indeed, fo make it-we can't afford to be ungenerous toward anyone still committed
iã ttr"-ttutUiing psychic structure' What would suroiuã, áft.i uli, ifäur'example failed to inspire our.heirs

äin

i¿r"ìiiÃ. Ínis

:

ä;iæ;;#orai

iurvival'in the pressures ahead?)
It's a hnd linç, bqtüeen resisting evil and overcomi"*'àu¡rïlïñ eoåä, buiit'utis the iine our future lies in
*ålf.ine. lf thef?imines of Asia and Africâ begin corhi"ä r'tä ñ-r" t.jîô'òlt; we' lÞìhav e' lhe ppti o n of vol q n táry
¡oi¿rio,:ruteady ihis year many öt tire tso-ptus hip-" -.
ãi.r in'f-intoln County are working in the tobacco har:
íåii àt i't.so un hour. As Janis Joplin sang, "Freedom's
just another name for nothin' left to lose'"

whv baók-toihe'land hippies have met wlth a deep

accäphnce in Appalachia, and why this aciçeptance
reglon'
may portend a new and brighter erafor,the
have entered
hippies
of
thousandl
tiny
éi"äJigzó
This is the
Ãöóåtuchiu .u.ry y"ur and put down rÓots'
first grasrroots ln'mrgratiãn since the Civ.il War'..My
irlãtii üir',.rduring iãs 175 vears of evading civilization, Appalachian culture has engendereo ano nur'
now.ap.proachirit¿ u'ñ'tvtn about itself which is onlyshould
hippies
Why
now?
Why
inglit'"ãnsciousness.
care'
they
citalyze this myth? Because

Of all the ironies, the overriding irony is that the disillusionment with nation-statism should be accomoanied bv an emergency stetrup in the"nation state's

äemands. Coal I We hear the cry from many quarters'
W" ini.n¿ to fight it tooth and nail (nonviolent tooth
and nonviolenf nail). ln September 1974 Governor
Arch Moore of West Virginia fìred the state's Comrliiionét of Natural Resources, who had been refusing
to issue permits for strip-mining in Lincoln County 9n
WIN 11

€T NIM
'uosu¡/npU ¡a6oU

t

^q

o¡ot¡d .lsn6nV ¡sel

J;i r?l

NI,V\
te du¡e3TloM

lezJel Jo stuoprscJ l¿ltltlods

¡'€:
*
)

':-r"
.4d,

å1

¡

al

;

ffiÞ

i.çr ¡
:a

ì , ¡¡-'? r
,¡i..
Jè
"a

.t

)zzJu1aql '^llJouru

01

turlduelle

.rc

i)

t

,

ueaq spq lueuje^otu lsrlpJEc¡os e s.¡¿aÁ

-unor eql.Jo.
or.ll Jo l¿1.11 r.uoJJ ârnlln, alEJsdos
^luof?ru rrlor.llu3 8uo.t1s Áren e tuoJJ erüo,
.E o4sq pue uo!l!ppJl

nto

roJ

utltl oj a4r/vl
í¡toa aq1 acu\s

trD

's,096 I
uaad sot¡

tuotlstls Inod

,_-'sâcrnose¡ lun¡?N
-etu!?peu
Jo uo!s!^!O s! ssâJpp? l¡eq1

l?Je^ps lszd

\'

rgg xog

.? .¡1 ,uo¡sepeq3
.e^../rl
Jo ?dec
tliuroó¡':u .fiuno3

passeJd

aq1'oJrl lpuorleu qluaJl ur elplslrllr lsoul
oqt pue;se:ood eql utetue:
trng :stJ¿JJ pu¿ eJnl
-¡nt petpuu.uop-{lpu¿J e8z¡¡rn
urho lreq¡ 'secuep ìloJ
^oql
u/no Jleql eruq ,teql Íqcuall plo st oE?nEu?¡ aq1 'Ár1

atoluo slql uo.YxDqpaal

luâaaAoru acoad atn u!.a^!po

-do 'ualeaq slql Jo suor¡p¿Jl pu¿ etun8uel eql e^!^aJ

å

. 'rrççZ
Atl4 !oÁ¡4¡

'

-ul aql,, llpr sl?3!p?J r{rueJj lEr.l^\ JoJ punoJS turul¿¡1
? eLu'oreqJ¿q JezJe]l np du¡EJ Á¡luerel eJol^l ;so^Jes
-âJ Jo SuturÞJl eql JoJ '1s.tg 1z 'sem qrlqarr araq du?t,
3ururu.r1 llprüs ¿ dn 1es,^tulv qeuel¡ aql ¿06[ u]
'l{lJON
r,
otll ur sårl!e aqtr ur salllunlJoddo Jollâq.,IoJ pu¿l eqf
turnee¡ uarplnlo 's¡ooqcs pzq 'sqof ou Sursnoq Jood

ruo.r¡ Jegns oslB.sJor,ui¿J

I

t

t

,{¡¡e.laua8

,oql peqJnlstp Á¡teeÆ dtuu3 aq1 Jo ofoJ Eurtueqc eq1
'pu?loJl uJequoN ur re^{ I^rc loJ uollpJpdejd ur-puz¡
-Eu3 Á¡qqou lsoru-sdootl uEroroJ ,{q pesn oq ol autpc
os¡e dLue3 oql 'J?^\ l!^!) Jo uorsseJdoJ-.¡lqBU lpuJal

'

uloru!-l

ur unr¡ol?row Eu¡u¡rud¡p eql erJoJue or u¡atir
rrãd
,setrnose¡ pJnleN
-xe noÁ ueqf

llâl
¡o ¡ueru¡edaq
eql ol el!J^\ 'rguno3 ulol.l!.¡ o¡ Eu¡tuoc uro.r¡ Euì
-u¡urd¡.r¡s
{ors o1 iÐNtHtãh¡OS OO NVf, nO^
'(selnãU

s.eul14¡ Jo neerng selels peilun) peu¡ru
eq ll!^\ yo¡'67.s-4ueq ¡¡ods eq¡ ¡unoc noÁ¡i-i,l¡unoJ
uto_r_u-!:l Jo %g'6,puyt eql
Jo setru ennbsT:i¡ Jo uoll
-snJsrp aql su?eu
lno u! l?or eql lo %L uP¿.4|
ssel s! tlJrq^r ¡eoc ^lunor
e¡quururdrJ5 slrll euru of ;seur6¡
.?^ ./tt aql ol Eulproccu pàu¡ruã¡.4s
¡o '¡daq
aq
us, suol eseql Jo 000.0OL'þE Á¡ug .fiuno¡ uloru!-l
u!'leor elqe.te^ooâJ Jo suol 000,69[,650,¡ ã.le o.raq1

$cnpoJd. uIEJS Eu!^ oJE JoJ soo8 Joqpl

q4gouo laseaqc po¡anbo¡ snou¿J-plJo/v\
Jleql
^eql'l?ât{&el!l
gql EulìEut
'o .to¡ Ápsoru-Eurz?Jtdaâqs ursr pooqrle^rl
JleW jo srlug-rno¡ :Jood ÁJe^ ete Á1¡.roþu eql 'setJnl

.tt}t

.-'r: :r^.:;i.'

h

q

i\

'É

Éà-

-å

puriõise¡ jep ozuel ¡o lueueEernocue eqtr.ql¡lr'r luer.u

€^otu ts4¡czd qcuorl oqf 'uolsuetxe trz s1due11e ¡¡e
lslseJ ol puz Ául.te eql Áq srego lle esnler otr pee.tEz
sJorüJ¿J pue slueseed gg

¡

'sEu¡leetu osaql Jo

JnO.

eql Jo slu',lq?qu! aql uo slre#o str! pu? o;"rï;l
uorsuelxa eql lnoqE pue 'tusr.tulr¡il.il lnoq? 'ecue¡o1,r
-uou
lnoqe'ee:e aql lnoqEnorql sece¡d Sulleeur puz
.

ol po^\oll? s?^\ pup ÁE:e¡c ¡eco¡ äq1
eql
,$e;p
l.toddns
'Ál¡puosled'c4etItbJfuqc e pue
¡o
pJ?eq eltq^\ ? q1!/Ì\ usrü elejnc¡ile ue 'o1se¡ ¡e6
'¿âJ? aql ur slu?sEed eql lrsr^ 01 âm?c
')uzJe1 uoJJ 'uì 0t IJV eql Jo &tunuuo3 luolot^
-uou p¡o-reeÁ-OZetfl ur se^!| or.l/v\ s.rr.lpu?ÐJo elprcos
-se 1sgrceQ peu^^ouoJ-plJom e 'o1se¡ lep ozue-l
¿ss,uuJ¿ lseE.lei'g,p¡lom âql Jo euo.esoddo o1 Áeqt
' e.¡am
moq-¡rciS oql uoJJ Eu¡r¡¡ z poqrlplJs Áeqt se
sroqqtreu rrqql uorJ pol?losl 'l¿clltlode e.lelìr sJeurryJ
âql Jc, $oW 'ßub¡1¡per1 .rreqt 'e¡¡¡ Jloqt osol ppoarr ,teqi -'
pu¿l Jlaql 1so¡ Áeql Jl ¿^ ôu op o1 Áeq1 ere^\ t?q^i\
. 'e3ua!pn¿ lu¿sead )ezJe1 peuunls
uo uo¡suelxe arp Jo
¿ pg? ?llqnd qruoJJ oqt ot
-13o"
lrlor.¡râcunouue u?êp?ul ãJqec
^I leql LL6L'92
:51!¿5¿ed eq1 uro{ i(ene su¡e¡d eql uo
s?irr
lou
1¡
lllun
pupl lseq eq1 8ur¡ul 'ez¡s ¡tu¡t¡.to slt sot¡J!1 xls trnoqe
-se;e1àeq 000'8[ 01 seJz1retl 000'€ lueseJd oql ruoJJ
pepuolxe oq plno/y\ J2zJ21 np due3 leql
lsrln?Ð
^il¿d ,(¡lern-b
eql ¡o iu¡1ear.r"r ¡znúuz âql l? poJunouuz
eJqo6 âsuêja6 Jo lo3slu!!\l 19¿6 ¡ :0quero¡ u¡
sâqeJnqe ur ¡eeds

.

{

t

t+

-uee JoJ JezJel eqi uo pe^rl aneq struesead eq1
'urz¡d eql uo rel?ir\ elll!l s! e.leq1.'s1uu¡d pu¿ sprq
aJPr JoJ ls¡193q 3 se sellrl?nb s1r lnoqz paìlPl a^eq
slsluolt¿^Jasuo3 'edeospuel eql lop qlq^\ suoll¿ur
-JoJ ìcor punoJ¿ ¡o suoÁupc ll¿urs urseell Jo sdun¡r
Á¡uo 'uo¡lnaEen qcnw l,us! oJeql 'ieqolcg Á¡:ee
ur Eurr.lurteq 'qslzq Áter s! Jelu!^\ Í.¡euu¡ris oqr u! lor{
pue Árp Á.ran sr'eldrÏfl¡, eql 'oJlxery lre¡ uleqlrou '
aìtl lol ? sìool 1¡ '(nz¡¡r¡4¡ ¡o u^\ol eql leau) ueeuer
-Jâtlpo6 eql uoJJ 'u!l 00U 'Á¡e1¡ puz u¡ed5 ueanl
'eq ãrueJJ uJol.llnos u¡ U¡e¡d e8re¡ì sr JezJ?-1 Qql
puel lâr4l 01 uo plorl uec Áaql teql
ercqrnÁraÀe srau¡JBJ pue strupseed o1 odoq uan¡t pue

pu¿snoqr p roJ eJ!r upr.,,nq lroddns 01truun
;1TiÍ
pu¿l eql '1oo: e¡4 u?, seeJl aurd Á¡EEe.rci /r\eJ ?
lou
'Jo leqle.q/l^ euo8 sl Áe¡c eqt
.euot
s¡ ¡rosdol
Jo qenhJ
e^r{I "srzeÁ pu?snoqt ¿ roJ etz¡tlrq?qa.r Ápurc4rüå'rs
¡¡r,n
Eurqlou rp¡o1 alem qtrnrtr Jr t?qi þu?l sr ãla¡14'uruu1er4
q1nó5 ¡o spue¡q8rq oqt ur seuoz eer¡
{uoq'¡o solorjd
puu.u ol sdea¡ reqr ÁEo¡zuz tsru eql
¿oplslllq
oflöep 0€ Jo OZ e uo uorlulado euru.ldr.rls e uees noÁ
e^?H ¿uoll?.ledo sulu-d¡.¡ls ?,ueas .lare noÁ ene¡1
Jo_s!

eì!l solllcoJtrp LUoJJ sutn,unou¡ eql
pest^âp suotlcp Jo suotl?J?lf,op ut sn utof o1
lu¿m

-urru.d¡.r1s

ol

,*r3ri

lqtru.r qtrqm suorlezrueálo pup slsnJt puz¡ .req1o
0J? lcz¡ ul pue ,slueurlluuloc qcns e;ou

-lrpluoc

o1 adoq o11\ 'Jetr.leqr

ol

lsnJl puel ,(flunuu¡oc e ul

.¡¿add¿

âsn?lc qrns lsJ!, aql sl slql ,e8pa¡rrrou¿ Jno
rr'Ocuetpeqostp lt^tc luelot^uou Eurpn¡c

oj

-ur 'l¿oJtlt oql lsutp8? uotlrp leeJtp pautun Japtsuo,
leâu.I,, plno^r,JelJpqr eql ol sepled ¡¡ri,peqs.ro1ear,
st! æegp plno3 qctq^t
?ulptoq e lo eelu aq1 ur Eururur
-dr.rtrs uro.r¡ tee¡ql p
¡o 1üane eq1 ul ,{¡¡elcadia ,#u¡þ¡oq
slt Jo
otr leoJqt e Jo lua^o oqt u! lzqt turlu¡ndrtrs
^uu? ualltJ^\ sp^\ leuEtlc lsnJl pu¿l aqtr otrul
ssn?l,
.soJr¿ 00S pup 00ü, uaeltqeq ¡e1o1 pue fiunoJ uloc
-u.!l_aplsu! eJ? stceJt eeJql roqto eq1 .o¡doed ãunbr(
s! tnq 976¡ ruoi¡ sotep 1?l.ll
¡o Á¡eE:e¡ pasodruoc
,s.re>¡-eureceáJ
dno.rE 1sg¡oed lpctp?r z^\ou
iq pnilqnqrl þri
ulosutl eptslno aje s13?J1 eql Jo þoJql .uon
^lunoJ
-o?
leâJtpf u€lot^uou ul spuno.¡B)ceg q1!^À sl¿npt^tput
pue sdno:E Áq pe1¡qequ¡ e.le 1sn.rj ,neu ai11 oi pareuop
eJoit\ tl3il.l^1 pusl l?unuuor
s13?J1 xls oql
q?¿o
'tl e^?q plno^\ olpJ sv .lsnJlJopusl el¿ls 3 Jo
Jo JelÆq3

ol

.'ql?l eql lq peuq^uo s?/t\ erueJe]uoe lpu¡s e ,sec¡nós
€È leJnlsN Jo Jeuotsstu,tuo] S? poll¿lsul s?/h u?uJ

.tuiElau¡a
s,eJooW LlrJV.JouJo^oÐ eJoJeq qeeh\
^\âu
l?Je^os
0g
su?eu u qc.ns :pog Jq er?JE eqt /tg
^peeJl¿
'euolp
^pu¡
uollo¿,ilnoo
u?rll JâlseJ suuetu auos iq ùeqr
e^ps uer ê^\ ssâlun .uollcn4sep u¡oJJ septslltq eqt a^es

el?l ool uo/$.eq lll^i\ selrl?q unoc eLlI .Á1r¡ete¡¡r
_ .ol
slr
oltdsâp 'paeco.rd or Eurddt.4s arrolp pu? sr¡u.¡ád eñï
-s! ol-f_eeJo,1 tu¡ultud¡.¡ts-tlu? aql uo solqztr eql uJnl
ol !l ÍEele.¡ls s.JouJâ^og eq1 ,Eurururdrjtrs o1 strlr.u¡¡
-#o setlunØ SS s.atre1s âql jo leqlo
lZ pup ulóiutï
p€r?lrep szq elnle¡sr8e¡ z¡u¡E.r¡¡ lse/y\ eqt
¡¿6 ¡ eculg
'strr¡.¡.led qrns onssr o1
¡ete¡¡¡ eq p¡nórrr li sþunórs eùi

'edoln3 ur eu¿u elqelndal e oruelor^uou uelr8 'acueJ¡
Jo B0J8 1?r{1 ul lueuâ^oru rluqle u? pel?^rtrouJ pu?
paueç8u¡l.t1s 'Xe1 uruàr3 eql pa4rJJal seq sluesead
gg ¡ eseQl Jo rqEU eqt ez!lpeJ ot otuoc alq 1 'a7a7
aqtr

ura¡doed 000'00t Jo uo¡lud¡c¡iled oqt Eutrl3l¿¡
lcez¡e1eq1 uo sÁrp ua1 ra1¡e rlng

'tur>¡¡u1

'tûr¡.ron

'e¡EEu1s lueire¡e.t.t¡ '¡¡zurs E s3/\{

<

tl lqEnoqt

I

Pr?eq Peq

I

\>.

'apuo¡¡¡ aa¡1/uosslory'.Dl ap aþ! aql W!/r\ uo¡tcun[uoc
ur dru¿c ìJo^r IUA\ ¿ eleurpJoo,r dleq ol tezJel ãt4I
ot tues szrn ¡ ueqm lsn8ny-prr.u lltun 'pu¿l Jraql 01
sldua¡s
.-uo os?q Eu¡u¡ej1 ?þqelxe o1 Á:e1l¡1ru eqt
Eu llstseJ Á¡lue¡o¡rruou aJâ^\ oq^Ä eru?rj ^q
uJeqtrnos u!
ure¡d z..uo
¡o dno:t ¡¡erus e lnoqe sseJd âr?od

u3îtJâtrlv

€urçÁue ¡¡

'e¡1111

t2- --

.----

NOSdt^ilSÐtVUf,

¡Ê

qruo¡t
srour¡ut
tqftt
,,úislrvglg{
E

slrJol tlew
u'
ç

^q

6ulMeto

'-

_a_

Eu¡
áes

=

ZI

.lean Toulat, nonviolent strat€gist and theoretician,
called'a'confet enoè in the Millau afea to support tlie
farmers in thèi¡ decision to resist tire military. Many
anti-war'and anti-milit¿rist groups came from all over
France.

The two main groupings in France are the theoreticians of nonviolent strategy and those involved in
direct action and alternativès. Many nonviolent ac.
tivities characterized the French 1 968 uprising of
workers and students, which helped spread anantimilitarist attitude throughout France, especially
among high school students..Then there are the en-

vironmentalists who in the past few years have joined
w¡th the nuclear disarmament movement to oppose
French nuclear testing in the Pacific
Finally there is Lanzo del Vasto, his 75-member
Community, their followers and support communitiei.
'A conference was called to give support to the
Larzac farmers in tþeir struggle. Lanzo del Vasto and
Jean Toulat began a 15-day fast to draw nationwide
attention to the plight of the Larzac
The peasants first began by organizing letter campaigns. They mailed thousands of letters to the Minir
try of Defense with the result that a Commission was
called to investigate the camp extension. lt ruled that
the peasants' objectives were "not in the public inter-

esl"

Other inquiries were promised but not held. tn
July of 1972 the farmers held a hugedemonstration
in the city of Rodez, which 15,000 attended.
The Army began to adopt a low-key strategy of
waiting to slowly obtain the land. A conservative member of Parliament who owned a gteat deal of acreagè
in the area sold out entirely to the Army.
The extension of bases throughout Southern France
has helped politicize the peasants. Many bases had
been extended on farmers' lands with promise of com.
pensation but none came, and hundreds of farmers

were left landless.
The.Larzac has gradually become the testing ground,
the point where farmers would take their stand. Íhe
struggle in the Larzac has become more ånd more des
perate and importanL
The nonviolent strategy offered to the peasants by
Lanzo del Vasto caught their interest when other chàn.
nels failed. 'lWheat rnakes.Life, Bombs Kill', was a
slogan used to show theír philosophy and tactics of
resistance. They also became aware that the extension of the base might be used as a stockpile for nuclear waste in the underground caves" The base could
be a take-off point for NATO in Southern France as
the French military concentrated its bases close to the
Mediterranean, making it{n access pointTor wars in
the Third World.
,
To draw national publicity and raise national con.
sciousness they drove sheep into the streets of'Paris
and grazed them under the Eiffel Tower, saying this
would be the only, place left for their sheep to eat if
they were pushed off their land. In lanuary 1973, the
March of the Tractors from the small city of Millau to
Paris took place. As they passed through one town the
police put up barricades, and peasants on the other
side of town gave their own tractors, so the jouney
could continue. Farmers and peasants gave housing and

food showing their solidarity all the way té Par¡s.
The Army first conceded shepherds the right to
graze their sheep eight days a month on one side of
the highway which divides the Larzac, and six days on
the other sidg if they were to extend the base. Th.is

".
:l

was rejected: where would the sheep go the other half

month? Then the Army offered to bring water and
electricity to the Larzac on the condition of extension,

This was also rejected.
During pentdãoiiì gz3, the Larzacfarmeis and
peasants announced the building of La Bergerie, a
large sheepfold, holding over 300 sheep, in a small
hamlet near the present Camp. The Army declared this
project illegal but the peasants continued using stone
from the old buildings in the hamlet and breaking the
rocks found on the plain. A part of the Fiench public
which supports the Larzac farmers began to refuse
3% of their taxes and to send that money for the
building of the sheepfold
ln August of "1973 the peasants invited the French
public to seetheir Bergerie, A special call to workers
and peasants brought 80,000 people from all over
Fra,nce includíng workers of LlP, the watch factory
which was closed by str¡king'workers and reopened
under worker control.
Winter was a waiting period-much work stops because of the harshness of the winter winds. The peas
ants held together: they,started a school for their
\
children an{ coopeirateä rnore than ever.
The
Army
began
to
carry out other attacks. They
.
shot into the communal property; bullets and shells
can now be found throughout the plain-inany have
cut the feet of the sheep and caused physical damage.

14 wrN

The frequent explosions scare the sheep and cause
abortions. At night tanks have been driven aiross
peasants' wheat and. potato fields, ruining-the crops.
[Vhen the peasants protested, the army said they must
file a complaint within 48 hours to get.çompensation.
The farmers find it dlfficult to cheðk their. fields,that
regularlY'
- "On
Jirne,8,'"1974, the peasants lathered the missiles, bullets-and bomb fragrrients found in the Larza'Ö in the
central square in Millau. A few days later, on Júne 1 1,
the army shot a 800 kg mislile over the canlqn Tarn
where many of the pea'sants are living and camping'
On June 20 an Administratiôn Tribunal in Toulouse
announced that the expans¡on cvf the base was in the
oublic interest and it should be done w¡thin tHe next
year. A second fete similar to the one the year before
was called by the peasants, to be,coordi/rated'by non-'
violent groups throughout France. W.ogld they receive
any support? Had the French public þlven up hope
and turned their back on the peasants in bored"om?
Those wgre big quèstions in my mind when I arrived this August to help with the War Resisters lnternational workcamp ih conjunction with the fete and
the building of the Bergerie. I was a bit skeptical about
demonstrationFl was used to those in which only 15
or 20 people would show up in Albuquerque. The
weather was bad-rainy, cloudy and cold-and I was
regretting not bringing warmer clothes. BUI two days
later" the clouds left the Larzac and the teníperature
rose to the 90's and l'00's. The sun scorched'like any
New Mexico August day.
Work began with hauling wood for tables, digging
holes for the WC's, etc. A.desert plateau gradually became a temporary city. First'len tÞnts appeared of
blue and yellow nylon cloth, then 100 of a variety of
colors, then up to thousánds everYwhere-in canyons,
on fallow fields, on top of rhountains, on army properCars, dogs, cats, children, poor,and middle class
workers, peasants, young, old and middle'aged. 100
people grew to 10,000. 10,000 grew to 50,000. One
French daily, Lo Depeche, reported 1 0p,000.
Friday, as people poured in, politicàl discussions
were held on fhe struggles of peasants, workers, immi'
grants; on building communication and relationships
with Third World struggles; on how to fight against the
army and bourgeois "iustice." Movies were continu'
ous; music came from guitars or record players; people
'were hawking political papers. One large gFeen tent
had a huge reid'flag with tñe group's name and numbr'""'
ous small flags blowing in the strong Ûi.nd.
People pushed andìhoved to get the liferature and
píctures of Marx, Mao, Lenin and Stalin; people behind
the tables argued with passersby, The lnterhbtional,
sung by what sounded like the Air Force Academy
choir, blared out on loudspeakers, There were over
200 groups: the political Left in France, groups for'
prisoner support, nuclear disarmament, Chile and
Palestine, lRA, African liberation and many more.,
Peoplê wandered in and out eating bread,and drinking wine. One man without a stitch of clothÍng walked
unnoticed through the crowds, women were without
._
tops;
'Onnobody seemed to mind.
Saturday the sun was hot and bakeä the Souther,n French countryside. More people came; tlie cafs
packed the twolane highway. Political speeches and

ty.

solidarity

messages were delivered.

The Socialist candidate for Presiden! M. Francois,
Mifferand, attempted to speak, but was protested by
Algeria¡ students who remèmbered Mitterand's sup

'

.:

.

.

I
'

port for sending troops into Aigeria. Thp nonviolent
planning committee saw the danger of the split in the
left groups if he spoke, and linked arms, formi¡g a line
of 50 people to block him from the stage, and also to
form a protect¡ve link around him so he would nof be' '
hur¿ The peisints followed with a tractQr,to try and ..
get him inio it for his protectign. Althoúgh it was only r
press madð it front
,a minor incident, the conservative
page news, ignoríng all peaceful ev€nts that occurred.
- Saturdayãfternoon everyone ioined the farmers'in'
a symbolic harvest in solidarity with the starving ped-'
ple of the Sahel in Africa. A yourìg vr'oman leader of
the 103 Larzac farmers gave a rouiing speech about
their solidarity with farmers thoughout the world and t
their'struggle against the military.
At nigñt thele was music, lrish folkdancing änd
more speakers. Thousands of people stretched out in
sleeping bags and blankets to listen to the music and

ipeéchãs dinieht
. "'
Sunday the largest cfowd marched, led by the
tractors and the piasants families, two kilometers over
',.the d,arzac to a ltuge field. People joineÇ llands, ,s4ng
àlid'chahttjd, waved flags and banners. As We reached
the h¡lltop, I looked back and saw the crowds stretched
far behinä'us. Below, the farmers'bágan to plour the
fields-an illegal act of civil disobedience-to plant new
life; an army helicopter and two planes hovered overhead;.and a'peasant sang a siìnple but powerful sbng
of the struggle of his fellow workers, written in Old
French, called "Life to Larzac." Thousands joined. in,
perhaps tbe.most moving political demonstratiôn I had
eve¡ participated in. The song gould be heard througlrout the canyons and the valley and at the Army Camp
1000 meters away.
Have these actions had any effect? lt's very difficult
to say. lt looks as if the Army will continue and may
move to expand this winter, when resistance is always
difücult. But the Army is losing much of its support
from many parts of French society and the actions of
the peasants have inspired a wide range of support- To
-- ' :'
the young French thè Larzac,peasants have expöseö
the military's real purposes and inspires them to ex'
amine their future, and resist the military. Larzachas
given a motivafion, a hope; and a technique of struggle
for workers, peasants and farmers aoross France. Non'
violence has inspired them to lose their traditional
fears, to beceme more politically aware, and to'fight

t

t

against öppreSsion.

What aþout the peasants of Larzac themselves-once
apolitical, sep,arq[edr.pbor, in a dying culture, losing
their sons and daugtrftrs to technology and urbanization? They have ünited, are now committéd to a long

'

ter m figh t agàfiì!ì'th e''in iHtary,.pre ¿ev iv i n g th ei r
. sdhoolsand-languagg are working cboperatively, ênd-"'

'

-,

perhaps most important-their children are staying to ':
work the land, to build a future for their children on
the Larzac.
But national and international support is cruciaf,
and it is hoped that groups can express their solidarity
by publicizing the issue and by pressuring the Frenèh
.government through letters and demonstrations, and
.'.more. And then: Gardardem Lo Lorzac! The Larzae

Will

/

Live!

"

R L-So ut h west, is.nòw
Cra ig S i m pso n, for merl y w i th
worklng with the lüar Resìsters lnternational in Bru*
sles, which probably mokes him a reol "heovy."
141

WIN 15
Drawlng

of Lanzo del Vasto by paul Bacon

I

-l

EXII,ES REIECT BOGUS AIINESTY
JACK COLHOUN
Over the weekend of September 2'l-22 an lnternational Conference of Exiled American War Resisters was
held in Toronto Canada. Although originally planned,
when the groundwork was laid last spring, ai a small '
.delegate conference, President Ford'i Seþiembèr 16
"Amnesty" announcement transformed it into an
event which attracted over two hundred exiles from
Ontario and Quebec.
_ Delegates were present from exile organizations in
Sweden, France, England, and cities across Canada.
Nine in all, they voted unanimously to boycott Ford's
punitive earned re-entry program. provisions were
made for those who wanted to challenge the program
qpefly by r'efusing ro t¿ke any oath of allegiance to
t]t" ql or to.pledge to do alrernative servicõ. They
should coordinate their plans with the National C'ouncil for Universal and Unconditional Amnesty (NCUUA).
It was resolved that those who challenge the program
will do so "in the context of a campaifn for üniv"ersal,
unconditional.amnesty and a campaigñ to end US ag-'
gresston tn tndoch¡na.
. Exile_organizations will work to make our rejection of Ford's program of'punishment clear and to ¡nform others of the boycott through boycott counselling.the mediE demonstrations, public meetings, and
speaking tours.
. The basic strategy adopted by the Conference was
that the refusal of war resisters to participate in the
earned re-entry program will make it ineffective as a
means of settlirrg the amnesty question and will highlight continuing US interveniion in lndochina. Sim'ultaneous with the war resister boycott, active mobilization wil, be effecred within thé US ;;;;¡ i'r1ãliïues
of the war and amnesty.
The Conference also tackled the so-called deserter
loophole. The Ford earned re-entry program as unveiled. so far by the Administration makäs it appear
that deserters can get off easier than draft resisters.
The, deserter is required to take an oath of allegiance
to the'US and to pledge to complete a period õf alternative service, the length of which will be determined by the military. Spokespersons for the lustice
and Defense Departments, however, have statód that
there is no corresponding civilian law that could compel a deserter-actually to perform the pledged alterna_
tive service. lf this is the case, a deserter co'uld set an
Undesireable Discharge from the military and t"hen ref_use t_o report.for alternative service, thus gaining freedom from. the military and from thé earneã ,"-rñtry
program...Military counsellors are unsure as to whçther
the socalled deserter loophole exists or whether it is a
trap by.which.the Pentagon can bring further charges
against individuals for obtaíning a diicharge by fr:aid-

ulent means.

Participants at the Conference agreed that the purof the loophole, if it exists, is io divide war re' srsters 4nd to defuse the-amnesty,movement.
lt was also noted that even if a deserter completes the requisite
alternative seivice and earni the speóial ll'Clemency
Díschargg" all that would be accòmplished is ttreihit_
ing of the individual from one categóry of persons in
need of amnesty to another: from ihat of deserter to,
that of a veteran with a punitive discharge. The Conferehce concluded that the Clemency Di-scharge woulä.
,
i1fqc.t, be-jusr as punirive as, if nor á.r"r;;;;ïri";;h;;
the Undesireable Discharge that might be þossible via
the loophole. A Clemency Dischar:gi marks one for
life as an lndochina war deserter. ihe recipient of an
Undesireable Discharge or a Clemency Disbharge is ineligible for veteran's benefits. He also'faces a very
bleak future with respect to getting decent iobs ór
steady employment, because em ployers d isórim i nate
strongly against veterans with lessthan-honðrable disp.ose

chargei

The issue of continuing US involvement in lndochina pervaded the two-day meeting. The Conference
opened w¡th the following resolution passed by ac_
clamation:
"Be it resolved that we, as Americans and former
Americans, in resístance to the ongoing lndochina War,
demand an immediate end to Americañ aid to the dictatorial regimes of Thieu, Lon Nol; and the reactionary forces in Laos. We also demand a strict implemen?
tation of the Paris Agreements.
"Be it further resolved that we wholeheartedl! re
ject-the concept of punitive repatriation. For thóse
draft resisters and deserters in exile and underground
ín the US for the more than half a million Vietnamera veterai¡s with punitive less-than-honorable dis.
charges, and for those with criminal records or subject_to prosecution because of their active opposition
to the war, we continue to demand universai,'uncon-

ditional amnesty. "
ln order to make clear the anti:imperialist nature
of the amnesty struggle messages werä invited from
representatives of the Association of Vietnamese
Patiots in Canada,_thè Toronto Chilean Àirá"i"tion,
and the Toronto Committge for the Liberation of
the Portuguese African Colonies. The Conference
passed overwhelmingly a resolution expressing
solidarity with these struggles for liberation.
. Support for Vietnam-era veterans was shown by
the passage of a resolution demanding a singletype
discharge for all veterans, as well as décent Veteran

Administration benefits for those with good discharges and.full benefits for those withless-thanhonorable discharges.

(CONTINUED NEXT PAGE)

loc!.p9lhoun is editor of AmexlCanada,o journøl
published by Americons exited in Conada, '

.

GRAY PANTHERS CHARGE
AMA WITH PUTTING .ù;
MONEY BEFORE HEALTH

hoalth services should be available has

in. I spent three days in Toronto as an
illegal-alien, sponsored by the city's
åïi#i . Gay Alliance Towar{ Equãlity (GATE).
ts flnanced but preventive
vis¡ts to the
The Gray Panthers-.a national organi:
The purpose of my visit was to dramadoctor are not. . .
tize the absurdity and injustice of those
zation of activist old people-staged a
"Old,people, the poo6 and other
protest at the American Medical AE
sections of the lmr¡igration Act which
vutneraÞre segmenß oflhe population
discri mi nate against 1rcímosex ual s.
sociationls. national"convention in
bgcole. pawns in a- power strdggle, not
For several years GATE and other
Chicago recently. Led by Maggie Kuhn,
peopte to þe served."
_LNS
gay giôúps have-l,obbied fòr
Canadian
founder of the Gray Panthers, the
a change in.thè law. ln 1 966 a White
group charged that doctors are putting
sAM LOVE|OY FREED
Paper on lmmigration had proposed the
money ahead of humane care for the
droppinþ of dll references tó homosexuLovejoy,
aged. They presented a guerilla theatre
Samuel
accused
of
destroying
¡
ality. These changes were never enacted,
production outside the meeting hotel
a.weather tower as a protest against a
even though the Omnibus Act in 1969
in which an actor symbolizing the
qi.gno.¡e{ nuclear plant (See WlN,
AMA-money overflowing from his
6126174) was acquited by a judge.-'; .. , legatized adul.É homosexual behavior.
ln December another report reco'¿pockets-col lapsed on the sidewal k.
Wednesday.
mending changes in the lmmigration
The medics rushed torhiq.side,
Judge Kent B. Smirh of rhe Franksearched for his heart to no ävail; until
lin County Superior Court orddred Mr. Act is due. Gays of/d'Ottawa has repeatedly requested to meet with
in desperation they performed open
l-ovejoy, 28 years old, cleared of a
Robert Andras, the Minister of Manheart surgery. lnstead of a heart Íhey
charge qf malicious destruction. The
power and lmmigration, to obtain an
discovered a wad of dollar'bill*'
charge stemmed from the collapse of
oficial commitment to the repeal of
a SOGfoot weathèr tower on land in
"To no small extent because of the
'Paragraphs 5(e) and (f). So far it-has, ,' ',
mis,use of AMA powers, the United
Montagug MA, selected for an ãtomic
'
received only the evasive repl_y-\\gt.qf
States. is the last industrialized nation
plant by Northeast Utilities.
enforçed.
are
course
these
sections
never
to have no semblance or beginning of,.
granted
on an
The acquittal was
But of course these sections ore oçan organized public health care systeä," apparent error in the indictment of
.casionally enforced. Like the sex laws
charged the Gray Panthers in a letter
Mr. Lovejoy, who admitted having
presented to AMA presídent Dr. Roth
caused the tower to collapse. The
(CONTINUED FROM PRECEDING PAGE)
:
by Maggie Kuhn on the podium of the
charge alleged he destroyed personal
AMA House of Delegates.
On Monday, September 23, the, ..,;: '.
property, but defense testimony in'
The inadequacy of health care in
steering committee foTNCUUA con- i' ii
dicated that the tower was classified
',,'
'by ¡he Town of Montague as real '
the US is intensified for older persons
vened ãt the conferencé site to meet '
because of their greater need tor mediarea.
with
exiles
Toronto
livine in the
pJ:pertv.
cal care. ln addition, the inflationary ,,4'¡oint ne*s .oñfer"nce was.held, in
costs of health care are even more difwhich NCUUA expressed total support
for
ficult for elderly people to cope with
the earned re-entry boycot!called
tpHN SNEAI(S
.*,.*-;.because most are on a fixed income.
for$yrheexiles and called upon [hose
A month ago I was depoited from
Although Medicare is supposed to
war resisters underground and in Ü$
Canada while hitchhikìng to Toronto.
1¿ke care of these costs, in fact it is
At the Customs station on the Ont¿rio jails to join the boycott.
¡i. ,
hardly sufficient-doctors fees usually
slde of the Niagra Falls Wh irlpool
CONTACT:
greatly exceed Medicare rei mburseBridge, I had made the fatal "mistake"
AMEX/CANADA
ment allowances; and preventive checkof dèciaring thirty copies of the Gay
PO Box 189,
ups, hearing aids, eyeglasses, dental
Oommunity Newi thát'l war bringing
Station
P
home
many
care services are
care, and
into the country (see WlN, 91191]n.
Toronto,
Ontario M5S 257
not covered at all. Equally important,
I wæ deporteci i¡ri¿er Paralraph 5(e)
C¿nada
the Panthers stress that Medicare leaves ' -of the lmmigration Act, which Pro(416192+60"t2
elderly people completely powerless be- hibits the immigration of homosexuals
sínce
there
is
a total abfore doctors
NATIONAL COUNC¡L FOR UNIVER.
into Canada, and told I could never,
sence of quality controls. Also lacking
SAL AND UNCONDITIONAL AM,
evgr enter the countrv again. I was
NESiY
are provis¡on making doctors accoun-threatened with arrest if I did.
able to their Patients.
339 Lafayette St.
This time
Last'weekend
Lreturned.
íTô leave it Up to the
New York, NY 10012
I flew, "disguisedi' by a iacket and tie
(2"t2\22&1s}"t
insúrance comPan ies to
and a haircut I had no trouble getting

äïli:i' i"¡åïîiTfil iisi

:;

I

,

.

lN

¿

16 WtN

WIN 17

in most American states, they are violated all of the time. Their very unen-

forceability guarantees that what little enforcement is made will be arbitrary and capricious.
Victi ms are urrderstandably rel uctant to come forward with the evidence
of discrimination. GATE knew of
several such incidents. Now it had
caught the government with its pants
down; it had a victim who was willing
to talk. GATE distributed a press release and the two major Toronto
dailies picked up the story. fhe Star
quoted an lmmigration Department
official that my deportation was the
first he had ever seen on the grounds
of homosexuality.
GATE then asked me if I would
come to Toronto and surface. I would

,

be confronting the Canadian govern-

ment with an embarrassing choice: arrest or deport me and call even more
attention to a stupid law, or ignore my
illegal visil After considering the risks,
I decided to go.
My visit was just one incident in
GATE's continuing campaign to get
the Canadian government to change
its discriminatory immigration laws.
Their chances of success are much
greater than in our own attempts here
in the United States, whose reactionary
immigration laws still exclude individuals not only for their homoséxuality-but also with the surreal categorization of " suspected homosex ual.'l
The same week that I was deported,
American border guards in Washington
state invaded Canadian territory to kidnap an American war resister exileil in
Canada. The weekend that I visited
Canada, the people from Amex-Canada
were also holding a conference in
Toronto, to respond to Gerald Ford's
latest miscarriage of justice, "earned
reentry." My own opposition to the

Vietnam war did not cause me to leave
the United States. Now, ironically, my
legal status appears to be the mirror
image to that of the resisters in Canada,
waiting for a sluggish government
bureaucracy to catch up with reality.
-lohn Kyper

AND MORE
NEWS FROM

CANADA

Jackie Thomas, a gutsy drag queen in'

Waterloo, Ontario, recently entered a
"Thigh High" contest for the shortest
hemling an event sponsored by the
Engineering Society at the Univ. of
Waterloo. After winning second prize,
Thomas was disqualifi.ã Uy ttt" år- '
barrassed engineers after her true sex
was revealed. Her prize was demoted
to an "honorable mention."

-Gay Liberator

I

PICKET STEELWORKERS
CONVENTION OVER
NO.STRIKE DEAL

have a union contract-the rest work at
or near the federal minimum wage.
Recently, Van Heusen has been

Some 200 pickets marched outside

moving the bulk of its production to
Hong Kong, then Taiwan, and now
South Korea, where it produces over
50% of its shirts. The average garment

Atlantic City's Convention Hall, where

the United Steelworkers was holding
its convention. to protest an agreement
worker in Taiwan receives 21('anhour
with US Steel Corp, which prohibits
and unionizing in both South Korea
any strike, even after its expiration.
and Taiwan is illegal. ln Taiwan, under
The demo took place Sept. 23 under
martial law, it is illegal for more than
sponsorship of the Committee to
seven people to congregate.
Smash the No-Strike Deal.
And within the United States, the
The unprecedented agreement is
company has told its emþloyees in the
called the Experimental Negotiating
South that it will move from there too
Agreement. " Experimental," explains
if the workers "go union." The ACWA
a Committee leaflet headed Defend
points out that this constitutes coercing
the Right to Strike: ,,because if it
works in steel, they'll try to push it on the workers and has filed charges of un-"
other workers." The practical effect of fair labor practices with the National
Labor Relatíons Board.
the agreement is that employees of US
-LNS
Steel can't strike until 1980.
MADISON TENANT UNION
The United Steelworkers, since its
SETS PRECEDENT IN OR.
formation back in the 1930's, always
GANIZING FEDERAL
has had a very conservative, EstablishHOUSING PROJECT
ment-minded top leadership.
ln a major breakthrough in tenant or-Jim Peck ganizing, the Packers and Northport
Tenants' Organization, a local of the
BOYCOTT VAN HEUSEN
Madison Tenants Union (M:IU), held a
A nationwide boycott against the Phil- successful rent strike this past spring in
which it won both of íts demands: a
lips Van Heusen Shirt Company was
recently launched by the Amalgamated binding grievance procedure, and
Clothing Workers of America (ACWA). union recognition.
The boycott falls on the heels of the
It was the first time that a tenant
recently successful ACWA boycott
union in a Federal Housing Adminiagainst the Farah pants compåny, and
strat¡on project has been recognized as
coincides with a current organizing
the legal negotiator with the landlord
drive of Van Hêusen workers in Puerto over grievances. The MTU was also
recognized as the "exclusive bargainipg
Rico and the southern United States.
agent for all tenants in the projeôt oVer
As with the Farah campaign, most of
rules, rents. leases, and conditio.ns of
the workers involved are Third World,
tenancy." Also being worked out is an
and perhaps 75-80% of them are woagreement that will make union memmen,
Union officials say boycott activities bership a condition for signing a lease
in the Packers and Northport project
are takipg place in sixty different cities
The 280-unit low-moderate income'
and the campaign is just beginning to
project is only one victory among sevget off the ground. Many of Van
eral for the tenants working with the
Heusen's 1 00 retail stores are being
picketed as well as several major deMTU, which has been organizing since
partment stores which carry Van Heusen 1969. Five of the seven locals form'ed
recently by the MTU have conducted
shirts.
Van Heusen, the world's second larg- successfu I or ganizing efforts si nce
est shirt manufacturer, has been singled October, 1973, and collective bargaining agreements between landlords and
out by the ACWA as the industry's
"most anti-union employer" and a firm the MTU now cover 1300 people.
The Madison Tenants Union sees
believer in runaway shops.
Union officials explain that 30 years the victory as a model for "other
ago Van Heusen employed 3,100 union tenants who are looking more and
more toward direct action to improve
workers in six plants in New York and
Pennsylvania. Today the company has
the housing crisis tenants all over are
closed down most of its northern plants facing We hope to build a memberbut has opened fifteen others in nonship that is large and strong enough to
union areas of the South.
bring rents down to a level that tenants
can afford. A strong tenant's move"Van Heusen has gone to great
lengths to keep the union out of the
ment is needed to fight and overcome
South," explains boycott organizer
the absolute power of the real estate
industry over the housing supply and
Bill Patterson. Currently, ònly 900 of
Van Heusen's 4,300 workers in the US. the prices we pay for it."
.

lated that Newton maY have left the
coüntry.
oesþite his disappearancg the Oakland police and courts have continued
to put the pressure on the Panthers'
Newton's bail was revoked when he
did¡¡it show up in court on Aug.23,
'I
and the party headquarters in Oakland,
HUEY OUT'OF
pledged as bail bond collateral, has
AFTER BUST
been placed in financial leopardy.
Deluged by a massive police campaign
Meanwhile, a Committee for Justice
to discredit him, Huey Newton, a cofor
Huey P.. Newton, has been estabfounder of the Black Panther Party, has'
lished to press for a complete investigone underground.
gation of the escalating campaign of
Newton, 32, was last seen when'he
harassmenL
was released on $42,000 bail after his arA Black Panther statement, also rerest on separate incidents in which he
leased Aug 23, said the Oakland PD
was supposed to have (1 ) attacked a
campaign against the organization and
police offcer in Oakland; (2) shot a . ¡
cofounder
Newton "began to mount
teenage girl, and (3) pistol whipped hií
in intensity following the powerful
tailor.
electoral race conducted by the Black
Newton, who"was'convicted of a
Panther Party in 1973, and the Party's
1968 slaying of an Oakland policeman
expanding community service "Surin a gunfight and serv"ed two years in
vival Programs," housed in its new Comprison before the conviction was overmunity Learning Center-'l
turned, apparently had had a bell!-full
The statement continued, "The patof courts and the establishment accordof false charges and arrests have
tern
ing to well-placed sources.
Qontinued as the Black Panther Party
The newest charges against Newton
ñas built a growing base of support in
are simply examples of police "harass.
ment" of the Panthers, according to his prèparation for new (1 975) city elecattorney, Charles Garry, ,who has specu- tionl"

Tenant and communitY organizers
who want to know more about the
MTU ánd its recent strike should write
to: Helene Berman or .f eff Kannel,
Madison Tenants Union, 953 Jenifer
St., Madisoh, Wisconsin 53703. -LNS'

SIGHT

Two years have passed sinðe fhe US
Supreme Court ruled that the deafh
penalty as usually applied is "cruel
and unusual punishment" Yet 1 57
"prisoners are currently under thë'death
sentence and awaiting execution. The
last person executed in the United
States was Luis Monge who died in

Sources close to the Panthers said
that a fund-raising campaign is expected
to meet the ba¡l bond collateral, thus
protecting the organization's property.
Newton, meanwhile, is not expected
to re-emerge overground until the heat
at the Oakland police s{ation'simmersr

'

'

down. i

'-SF

Phoenix

NO 1.D., NO',ROLLING PA?ERS
Since laws against marijuana posiession
don't seem to do much good towards
curbing marijuana use, a MichigâD corr;
munitirnas deðided to regulate the bu!ins of cisarette rolling PaPer.
Itn. City Council of Madison Heights,
Michigan approved a motion this week
that rõquires purchasers of cigarette
roll ing papers to show identification,
and ai-so r'equires merchants to record
the names of everyone buYing such

papers.
' 'The measure was introduccd
.

bY

Councilman Loren King, who saysthat
the law is designed to discoûrage martiuana smokers, since theY are among

the primary buyers of rolling papers'
Failure to register as a buyer of the

papers is punishable by a $100 fine and

30days in

jail.

-Straight Creek

nals average about a year in prison forevery $10 million they steal. Edward
Browder prepared the study and sent
it to Jack Anderson who, after checking the data, published a summarY of
it in his column.

PRISON NOTES

Another story published by lack An-

derson reveals severe repression. in
Cub4 incl uding after-midnight arrests,
terrorizing interrogation and torture.
After checking the accuracy of the
charges as best he could, Anderson
offered to personally inspect the pris.

Colorado's gas chamber in 1967 for .r
the murder of his wife and three of his
children. Florida, where 30 persons
await legalized murder, is the first state
to reinstate the death penalty since the
historic Supreme Court decision.
Canadian prisoners working in prison
factories will be paid the legal minimum
wage of $2.20 an hour, according to a
report in NCCJL Reports; When the
pol icy goes into effect a third of Canada's prison population will earn the
.

minimum wage. The change is part of
an overall program to improve prison
working conditions.
lf you are one.of the 14,500 persons arrested during the 1971 Mayday
demonstrations your arrest record
must be destroyed, to conform with a
ruling by US District J udge Howard
F. Corcoran, who also ruled that all
bail money collected at that time
should be returned.
A recent federal study involving 50
f ederal judges in three states dramatically revealed how important it is that
one who is accused of a crime come be-

.

rh:Jt'-ryilti:..
fil!å iï:ff1;#,?*ll'3|1åTi,n,
rurr ?T:T:.yi:^.I- ;ïJå
prisons.
vre
in"äärit,,
rrr
treme. ln a hypothetical case where a

rore rhe riehr judee.
senrences

'.

for rhe

utïiòn official'committed loanshártcing Three hundred scholars from all over l
and'tax evasion, one iudge suggestêd the world, including Noam Chomsky
20 years and a $65,000 fìne, another . and Howard Zinn, have signed a pro-orìly three years in prison,.Óne judge'' '" test çQndemning lndia's treatment of
politicaÍ prìËonèrs. The signers of the
woúld give a oney"ã¡ sentenee ioj
heroinîeller and ánother woirld händ protest said they "deeply deplore thât
down ten years. Tom Wicker's column tens of thousands of political suspects .r.discussing the study was appropriately have been kept rotting in lndian jails
entitled, i Roulette in the Couitroory." for.several years without proper trials,
rdanorher

,

jl t1:ll f,i*:it¿:'"ifl,T"ï:,tî:1'"iffi,i*,
double

a prisoner
-study
lsland car_efully documents.the

standard for white co!lar crimes and
other offenses. The s1-udy shows that
.while white collar thieves average a little more than two years in prison no
matter what amount they steal, bank
robbers who got away with several
thousand dollars average 1 1-year sentences. Prominent white collar crimi-

cJ'tJrture.,,

Soviet historian Valentin Mor.oz was
reported near death on the 67th day of
his hunger strike in prison. Moroz
served four years for "anti-Soviet
propaganda" and then, after a year
freedom, was returned to prison.

of

Larry Gãra
WIN

18 WIN

'

19

erv

who were involved. ln one passage, Useem points out that
some women occupied leadership positions in the Resistance,
but elsewhere, curiously, describes their status as marginal,
and develops his analysis as if they did not exist.. I never got
to know the draft resistance scene in Boston well, but it
would be inconceivable to write about fhe groups I did
come to know without saying a good deal about woinen's
partic¡pation and experiences. Useem is not alone in this
oversight; despite a few pages on the impact of women's
liberation on draft.resistance groups, Michael Ferber and
Staughton Lynd pay little attention td women inThe Resistance; indeed, the only úvoman mentioned in thê index to
the'ir history is Dorothy Day! Fortunately Barrie Thorne's
paper on women in the draft resistance movement helps to':
remedy this omission.
As,resistance groups différed, readers who were familiar
with draft resistance organizations outside BoSton may quee
tion an occasional point of emphaisis. On the whole, though,
the analysis seems sound, and constitutes simultaneously 4
useful addition to the literature on social movement, and an
important resource for war resisters' One hopes it will be :
made available in paperback, at a more accessible price.
-David F. Greenberg

e

coNscRtPTto N. PROTEST AND SOCIAL CON.
FLICT: THE LI FE AND DEATH OF A DRAFT
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT

THE TROIAN HORSE: A RADICAL LOOK
AT FOREÍGN AID

Michael Useer¡, f ohn Wiley and Sons, New York, 1973

Pp. xiy + 329, $"12.50

'the Pacific Studies Center
Steve Weissman and members of
and the North American Congress on Latin America
San Francisco: Ramparts Press, 1974
250 pp., $7.95 cloth, $2.95 PaPer.

For a period of several years, the precise dates varying with
locale, a movement of resistance to the draft was a major
component:of the anti-war movement. The rise'and swift
decline of this movement is the subject of this valuable
study by a young Harvard sociologist.
To provide background, the author briefly describes the
cultural milieu of the student movement on the campuses,
as well as the Selectíve ServiceSystem and the effects ¡t had
on different categories of draft-age males. Drawing on approximately 100 interviews with Boston'area resisters, field
observation of the two Boston-based draft resistance groups,
and a wealth of documents, Useem describes the diverse
political backgrounds of those who became involved with
the movemen! their reasons for participation, and the eÊ

fects of involvement on political perspectives, friendship
patterns, and career plans. The interviews accurately cap
iure both the rewards and anxieties of collective risk'taking
in a noblê cause.
Considerable attention is given to the strategic dilemmas
of a movement that sought to attractoadherents by inviting
them to place themselves in jeoþardy of substantial prison
sentences. Activists will be particularly interested in Useem's
analysis of the organizational failures of the Resistance-its
inability 4o maintãin its organizational integrity ai a single
issue organization opposed to the draft at a time when op
position to the war and the draft-was climbing-and its equal
inability to ev-olve into a multiissue radical organization. lt
bears kóeping in mind, however, that despite these organi'
zaÍional failures, in other i"espects the Resistance wæ quite
successful. True, it had neither ended the war nor the drafl
Still, by the time most Resistance organizations collapsed,
induction refusals were endemic, and support for draft resistance so widespread that sgpport organizations were not as'
badly needed as they had been two yeârs previously.
It is unfortunate that Useem chose to interview only
men who peiformed some act of non'cooperation with the
draft" as it would have been of considerable interest to
.examine the experiences of the male cooperators who were
active in anti-draft work, and the experiences of the women
20 WIN

ii more than iust an empty epithet' For
around the world, for everyone ex-and
sisters
bróthers
our
cept thôse belonging to the isolated elites, those pockets o.f
vested interest itthe existing order, imperialism is an everydav fact of life to be contended with in bread'and'butter,
lifáand-death terms. The Vietnam War, coups in Chile and

"US imBerialism"

I

Greece, the intervention in the Dominican Republic, lhe
tanks and police training for Pak Jung Hi-all these and more
are not simple, isolàted incidents where US policy hâd some'
how gone astray, where well-intentioned people werê not
quitisensitive énough, or where "aid" had been too little or
tbo late. But for many of us, and unfortunately this includes
all too many radicals,:that "foreign 4id" is really aid is a
myth that riies hard. A collection of critical studies, most.
of which oricinallv aÞpeared in the Pacific Studies Center's
Pocifìc Reseãrch and Empire Telegrom and NACLA's Latin-

Amerlco Report, The Trôian Horse doQs an excellent ioþ.of
debünking itre riyriad myths that confer legitimacy on the
whole cyñical arrângement that goes under the absurd mala;

,

propism, "aid."
it¡eró are twelve studies in all, gach of them giving com',
prçhensive treatment of a different agency or program
'
Ús "development aid." One piece each on: the Overseas. i
(the
lnternational
.ì
,Developm-eñtCouncil, the Wôrld Bank
Bank for neconstructionãn¿ ó.uãropmint -sic!), the lnter-i

of

national Monetary Fund, the Alliance for Progress, the Ford
Fou ndation's prepschool i ng of the anti-S u karno p-re-cou p
(1965) elite in lndonesia, the "private charity outf¡ts (such
: às the'lnternational Resiue'Comm¡ttee, CARE and Catholic'
Relief Services), postwar planning for Vietnam, Herbert
Hoover's post World War I European anti-cornmunist cru'
sadg -the Green Revolution, military aid, and 'rPolice
for Íyrants," Each of them makes a comprehensíve whole,
yet tÉe editorial fit ¡s so masterful that the progre.ssi.on from
ône to the next is very natur4l; there is surprisingly little

Aid

:

'

repetition or overlap. Taken together; these studies constitute an overwhelming indictment of the realimotives and
actual practices of not only those who have been found
guilty in many.another context (US-AlD, the Ford Foundation, Hubert Humphrey, LBJ, McNam7ra, George Maxwell
Taylor, Walt Rostow, Geörge McGovern, the USIS, et al),
but organizations not normally seen as sp clqiely tied tô
narrow US,interests,'the "multilat'eral" agencies-the World
Bank and.the IMF (both of them..esse¡tially American

ECONOMICS AND THE GOSPEL

Richard K. Taylor
Ph iladel phia:. United Church Press
1973, pape¡back,125 pp., $2.25

It's common enough for radicals-especially Marxists-to .
write off religious institutions as dispensers of spiritual t '
opium [o thipgople for the sake of social contrôl- Thè
rådical traditiôn ifrat WIN is a paftpf, however, has,noted
the other; prophetic side of religiôii, ín people íi.ke.thp. Rev.
,

creatíons. )
'l

ln "Building the World Bank" we read that

as

early

AJ.

as

941 American planners lvere already hard at work preparfor the post-War order when" it was foreseen, the US,
would suddenly find itself Saddled.with a run-away wartime
production machine coupled with a peacetimd market. Or,
as Secretary of State Cordell Hull put it to Congress in
1943: ".. .when the fighting stòps. . .almost overy metalmaking plant in the United States, an{.many other factories
and mines and farms, will be faced witr the termination of
war orders, and will be looking urgently for mårkets for .
their peacetime products. Foreign markets will be very'im-'
port¿nt to us then and willcontinue to bè essential as far as
anyõne can see ahead." Other objÞctives were no less imporønq among them the export of investment capital, and free
access to raw materials the world over. l t was on the basis of
such considerations that the first plans were laid for the
lM F and World Bank in the White Plan of 1941 , which ultimately led to the July 1944 gathering of14 national delegations at Bretton Woods. At first Washington failed to win '
the support of Wall Streef but soon enough important concessions were made to American private capital, to the end
that by 1945 private bankers had been wqn over. The World
Bank was officially established in J une 1946.
, The priorities of the Bank and the IMF are stability and
deflation; before loans can be taken out by the undeveloped country, certain domestic co¡ditions must be met. lf
.,. the necessary t¡""tut"t (specified.Èy.the IMF and World
Bank) are taken, these will inevitably generate further un- I
employment poverty and inequality of income levels.
The resulting rapid deterioration of social conditions
naturally arouses the discontent of the,unemployed and impoverished workers and farmers (an evèf-increasing sector
of the population), thereby,feeding the call to revolution.
ln having accepted the conditions for aid, the regime in
power by this tinie is firmly allied with international capital,
and this fact is not lost on the people (hence the term "runl
ning dogs of imperialism"). lf the regime is to stay in power,
it is only the use of force that will make it þossible¡ and
again the regime must turn to its foreign friends for'police
supporl "Police Aid for Tyrants," the last Sfúdy in the
boolç tells how the US is only too happy to service.this
need, largely viã USAID's Ofüce of Public Safety (OPS).
Police officers from around the world are traiñed at the
OPS's Offce of Public Safety in such things as.riot control,
ing

intelligence, ccimmunicatioris techniques,'torture-ei, râther,
"interrogation"-techniques, and other such "hulnane ,
methods'of civil control." Advisors are älso senl as is
specialized police equipment (tear gas, MACE,'câttte-prods,
gas masks, shotguns, dum-dum bullets, walkip;talkies, jeeps,
computerE and such sundry toys). "Total aid provided by
rhe OP_S between t Se I and 1gí1 lamounred to 9282.8 milion, of which some twothirds was allocated to Southeast
Asia primarily South.Vietnam and Thailani." The Tiger
Cages at Con Son are but one examþle of the humanitärian
lengths.to wh.ich. USAID is willing io go. Other examþles
abound, and I wish there were the spaðe here to give dhem,
even thg simplest treatmenl (ReaA the bookl): lñthe name
of America is all this bad stuff coming down! -Lynn Miles

'

:

Now there are stirrings on the religious landscape6n the
question of economics. The Shakertown Pledge, a new
movement which includeS theologically conservative Chris-..
tians, calls for simple life styles uñ¿ ¿iitr¡Uutive iustice. Arird
Dick Taylor's book Economics and the Gospel is sponsored
by the Presbyterians and the United Church of Christ as
part of their Shalom $eries.
- Dick Taylor is an organizer who has been on'the national
staff of SCLC'and is active now with the, Movement for a
New Society. He has led canoe blockades of weapon-bearing
ships bound for Pakistan and for lndochina, and is currently
aid.ing a coalition of citizens groups fightitig the Phíladelphia
Electric Company.
He is also a sqcialisq a writer, a.fol¡nder of tþ.p Philat
delphia Life Center, a father of two'children, and a deeply
committed Christian. His book reffects all of this; his writing manages to share his pwn experience with changing life
style and nonviolent action along with his theological
studies and work in econômics
The book is packed with statistics from straight sources,
which makes'it a váluabie resource for all of us. lts style is
cool rather than flamboyant and rhetorical. lt moves beyoríd

I

]

analysis of what is wrong with the US economy to what
could be right with iL That emphasis on alternatives on.a

macro level is refreshing and encouraging.
. Each main chapter includes not only a definition of the
problem and proposed solutions, bgt also some actions
which can be taken. And the Biblical m¿terial is very helpful . '
to those of us wþo are out of touch with the claims of jus-- : ,'

tice in the JudeoChristian tradition.
The book is not complète. There is little on sexism and
racism, on how women and minorities make this gconomy .'
go. There is no reference to a coherent strategic framework , ;
that gives the many action suggestions a cumulotive impact. J
Like s.o many books, this one can leave us intimidated by
:: ,
such a grim analysidand yet no strategy that promises a sùb-';.',.;
; -:
stanJial way forward. Fortu¡ately, Dick is working on
anbther book which does develop his action ideas and exi
periences into-a full-fl egged strategy.
, Altogether; thi3"adult primer on Shalom" is a solid i '
challenge for mainstream Christians and a handy sourcebook
for acJivists. ;.¡;l *0. '.. .r.,.i;.,
¡.,¡ _
-George'Lakey

1.

j"¡

ROLI. YOUR

,

*i

Muste.

OWN

;

,:

$3.95

-1'.:
Jodi Pallidini and Beverly Dubin,
grass,
except the kind
Roll Your Own isn't a book about
'
that the tires of converted trucks and busses roll on. The
üoãri"utur"s tots or pictuiei oi tti. nomadic, gypsy culture
thatcenters around these low-cost (comparitively) homes
ôn wheels and gets into the nuts-and-bolts of converting a
beat-up school bus or old post office wagon into a mobile
home. Thereis stuff on stoves, bedding water, refiigeration,
etc. An especially important book for those contemplating
a semi-permanent here-today-gone-tomorrow lifestyle. lt also serves as a photo-documentary of a growing subiulture
much like that of the Euiopean gypsys. Varoom!

-Tom

,

McNamara
wrN 21

q

|c

PRISONERS SEEKING CORR ESPONDENTST
John (Smokey) Marðno, 7LÛ5' Bklyn House
of oet., 275 Atlantlc Ave', Bklyn' NY- ll2ol
Robert Darhowe\ 137-554 Box 57' Marlon'

VISTA VOI-UNTEER nneds: at ricle for me,
luggagg & cat ?rém Davenport' lA (E, of
Des Mo¡nes) to Boston MA, end of October.
can pay $5.00 per 1Oo miles ($$ from
VISTA). b) Boston area job lnfo-houslng,
peaco work; etc. Wr¡te: Joîn Raschi 1308
Sprlng St.,.Oav€nport, lA 52803, Thanks.

PEOPLES
¡
N
BOARD

.

D

oH 43302
oH

FREE IF NO EXCHANGE
OF $$ INVOLVED AND
ONLY 20 WORDS;
OTHERWISE TI EVERY

funds. Semþscholarly studles on war-peace
reconvers¡on, etc. Rêad Gross and ostèfman
"The New Professlonals" pp 33-77; M¡dwest
lnstltutg 1206 N 6th St., 43201.

IO WORDS'

AMNESTY CHRISTMAS cards, orlglnal clêslgn, 12 for $5.0O donat¡on, Amnesty bracè
lets with res¡sters name, $4.5O donatlón.
Safe Return, 156 F¡fth Avenue, Room 1003
C, New York, NY 1O01O.
.

NEW PAT RIOTS! Join wlth the Peoples Blcèntenn¡al Commlsslon in a grassroots move
ment to restore revolutionary pr¡nclples of
!7J6 during the Blcentennial Era. For hle
torical mateflal, educatlonal programs and
soc¡al act¡on gu¡cles send $10 to PBG, Washington, DC 20036.
Establ¡shed anti-capital¡st (movement) prlnt
shop in Ph¡la. needs new worker, preferably
male to be 6th member of 3-woman, z-man
collective. ¿l-oay Work Woek, subslstence
wage. No prevlous sk¡lls neèded, âlthough
preferred. *Stårt as soon as poss¡ble *De.
s¡re at least yh commitment. RESISTANCE
PRINT sHOP, Box 3310, Ph¡la, PA 19130,

(215) PO32660.

Radlcal education magazlne looking for n€w.
collectlve staff mêmbàr, startlng Dec, l.
Small subslstenc6 salary.'Contact: Edcentric,
PO Box 10085, Eugen€, OR 97401, (5031

3430810.

43140,

Ptease

lnnovative cÔnferen celrdtreat center off erlng
prôgram lnter'esting to WIN readers. Write
tor brochurer Doug Wllson, Kln95 Highway,
Rowq Mass. 01367.

A free Mutual Ald Employment Agency has
þe€n form€ö lts functlon ls to get both eg
tabllihment and alternative joþs for pêoplo
who need thern-lncludlng Movement and
oppressed people. Tho nours arê 2:30 to
8:30 pm it FÍeespace Alternate U, 339
Lafay€tte Strest, New York, NY 10012
(pnone 228-03221. All servlces of the
ag€ncy are wlthout charge. lf you have a
job openingb ploase let us know; lf you arê,,
¡n the New York area and want to help staff
the agency, g¡ve us a rlng or come dowri.
Carl Zlotlow of the FOR wlll lead two weekend nonvlolênt trainers workshops. Southefn
Callfornla Octob€r 18, 19 & 20 in Santa
Barbara. Northern Californla Octoþer 25'
26 & 27 ln San Franclscô.contact Thomas
Merton Unlty Center, 892 Camlno Del sur'
lsla Vlsta, CA 93017 or WRL/Wost

a

writer "of vigor

TF

:

,

Ove¡ 200 actual size

ana as authorlzéd by the Mary Donovan HaÞ
good Local. $3 donatlon/year. 3505 Watson

Rd., lnd¡¿napolls, lnd. 46204.

TÆ

FATHEn

.

churoh rcvenent,
Aitlcle! ând ùook ævlrÍ! on Èha 4d1câ1
tnã-iãru¡ novãncnu hrxl.t thootï' L.blrnlrñ ând ftllclon'
eltchcrâft. thc Shrk.¡r, rnd noæ...

Plaâla cûta! ny lublorlptlo¡ fof¡

Éubsorlbe:

Y.¡!. $1loo. Indtvldul
f¡¡¡, ü6¡bo: Inltltuùlon
-o¡¡ (rdd a¡-fór foí¡tgn ¡u¡¡,)
oDG

send tÉo !
RADICAL REI¡GION
Bo¡ 9164

tse¡keley,

CA

942o9

ltaùa rnd ztÞ-_

olty-

A HORSE LOVER'S LIBRARY
Only 92.00 each
Americon Quorter Horse In Pìctures argarel
Cabell Self
4paloosl Horse Bill & Dona Richardson
Arabian Horse Reginald S. Summerhaye .-'- .
Yord Foal Peggy
Pittinger
Back-Yørd Horse Peggy J. Pittinger
, Horse Owner's Concì!;e Guide Elsie V Hana uer
Riding Mode Eøsy & Fun Sue

7lp

:t

and courage."

MAIL

TO:

GoodBox, Realbox 4554
108 Mt Auburn St'
Camb¡idge, Mæs.02138

:,

' '
rl

Grossman Publishers $8.95
A DryrsroN oF lrIB VrKrNG.Puss

,

Henderson Coen
Horsebach Riding For Beginners

t :+

Mellin
-Horseback
'" Jeanne
'
Morgan Horse ln Pictures
R¡ de, lU est er n Louis Tay Ior
-lllustroted
Fìrs,t

l{o¡se George C. Saunders, MD

..Your Pony Book Hèrmann Wiederhold

A WEEKE ND OF WORK & PLAY
A.T THE WIN FARM!
Oct. 18-20
Come help us get ready for winter. Mostly ihdoor work:
'painting spacliling shóetrocking, trim... Butthere is
âlways outdoor wórk if you prefer: digging, weeding '
mowlng'.,

Title of

ownefs

ng or

''

would have

of thls
owner.
lssu€ neårest to flllnq date.)
stroet vendors and counter

BEYoilD 00D

'

'I

names and

P1ur. .

,

$_--rór

¡¡d Rallqlon

Feåtu¡e! dlrculalon of ü¡r'y Dålyt¡ na* book

itre folowing boqks indicated
Enclosed is
below by num6er. Nô COD.
..

STI\TEMENT OF O
1.

Sgaclrl ¡!!ua ón Fcñtnlln

TREASTTRY OF NEEDLEWORK PRO,IECTS FROM GODEY'S
LADY'S BOOK Also useful for men: Hundreds of 19th Century
needlework and crafts projects-knitting, crúchet, quilting, er¡rbroidery and more-selected from the pages of the famous

lor the first book, J1d each ad'
PAY POSTAGE ON ORDERS OVER 810'

">''

Arttcla!...

l89o-r930"'

A

l4tE

vol. r

sElu coIJJltS. rra Fcútnt.t R.!d1¡8 of t[.tot'¡¡.rr
rnd ùh. lc¡dçFlc..coñDunllv: rdtes
tonrul
' oofrryrÉ, "fbdlcâll!ü
On tha Deâth of Â Sc!|lûâtìr"
lLdlrcov¿ry of Èhê chrl!Èlôn Fltth."
BDITX B!¡CÍ. nlru¡lÈlnß
chrlltlrn! of the r.ft."
ncx ¡otlmi.
lim- ;;¿iniry-icltxrt¡¡. rrown ln thé old lcrt¡@nt.'t
lñfcniiò. - "Sootsl öhrtrtl.nltyr. Rrlpo¡¡G 1o soclall6n

""'$3'95

CREATIVE NEEDLEII1ORK Completê directions for a dozen
needlework'techniquésarug-makin[ knitting crocheting; needle
poing; crewel hardanger, applique, more fullcolor photos
.....,.$5.95
throughout No. 2054.
bTIL
CRE ATI VE SPINNING, WEA VING & PIÀNT. DY ETNG
^
liantly'new approach to three ancient crafts with simple ex'
planations for the beginneç new methods for the mo¡e exþerienced" Illustratedin colo¡. N;i2?03... . .. . ú. . ..... .$3.25

oPlñton ,/

Gætæt¡:

Godey'sLady'sBookNo.2?02.....:.. ...'..$6.50

"

òt crttlc¡¡

tñtn¡¡
'a

a

INDIANA SOCIAÇ|ST NEWS. Off¡clal
monthly journal of the Soclallst.Party ln lndí.

P.O. Box 62
Keene, Cq. 93531

¡ Silt.rty

nacant

Postage and Høndlíng-Add 25d

That is howDenise
lævertov describes
Barbara Deming, rihose
newbook, WeGannot
Llve Wthout Our Llves,
is just published.
Poems, letters, feminist
à

RELIGI Qw

quilt pattems
cornplete with stetrby-step instruction in the art anûjoy of
...$?'95
qurliin& No. 2666......:.

End e)(ploltatlqn, oppfesslon and war. Bulld
a frlondly, classl6sE democrat¡c wotl(L Join
the Eoclallst Part!Ê-USA., !Ol2 N. 3rd St.'
Milwauk€e, Wls, 532O3

U!¡tcú F¡ll¡Worlcr¡
ol À¡¡crlc¡ (AFL.Cþ)

2939"'

dítíonøl book

essays, eulogies by,
says Kay Boyle,

¡s for bultdtñg a
noÞsectarlan d€mocratlc aoclallst. movêment.
Send f or å tree sample copy. lol2 No.3rd St,
Su¡te 3l¿ Mllwáuk€e, WS 53203.

Support the

use'No'

t

Darkroom.n€ed,od-near R¡fton' NY-to help
make sllkscreeó for wlN T-shlrtr lt wouldn't
take lonqt No speclal 6qulpment ne€ded. Call
Mark at 91¿l-339'4585.

'...'.$4.50

TODAY'S WOMAN KNIT AND CROCHET BOOK Ggod reading for men too! From boutique knits to baby sweaters here are
complete illustrated instructions for scôres of knit and crochet
projõcts that are as much fun to make as they are to wear and

Attention WIN Writers
For a late November issue we're prei
paring a list of recent books by writers
assgcialed with WlN. We don't wantto
leave any.body out. lf you've had a ,
book published within the last year or
sq please send complete informationtitlg publisher, .price-to Mark Morris
at WlN.

THE SOCIALISI TRIBUNE

Farn¡workers

1330........

A QUILTER'S COMPANION

Vlslt communes and alternat¡vo groups in
EnEland, Holl¿nd, France, Germany' Den"
marK Japan, lndla and lsrâel fol $5.95. De
talls free School of Llvlng, 442tlz Landfalr
Avenu€, Los Angel€s, cA 90024.

a

SEWING SIMPLIFIED Complete details for both beginner and
expert Includes all steps from selecting and preparing fabric to
.. . $3.50
fne finishing and'altering. No.
profes
the
sewing
YOUR
ALTERA?'1OI{,S
M/AKE
OWN
Simple
sional way-Instructions any needleperson can follow for the âl'
teration and repair of clothing-fully illustrated witlr2T l show'

howdrawings.Ñb.

I roally love glraffes and am interosted In
formlñg an organlzation of fellow admlrers'
Doñ Altsch¡ller, 118 Trowbridge Street'
Cambrldgê, MA 02138.

TAKE A UNIGIUE TOUR OF THE WORLD-

Boycott
Gallo wÍncs.

:

wrlt6r thêsê people afe very lonely and

any contact wlth the outslde world helpi

MA-PhD Movement economlsts, politlcal
sclentlsts, etc., who can get grants or raiso

Radioal Journal
From The'"'l .i:.,,
Rel lous Gommrrnit

,A Neur

1335.

Jack Engeloff, 138-326, Box 57, Marion' OH
43302.
Paul wêbster, 138-558, PO Box 69' London'

New Mldwest research lnstltute seeks un"
selflsh, soclallyiconscious, non-car€erlst

& NEEDLECRAFT BOOKSFrom ARCO Publishing Co.

at such ratos." n accordance
Pottaqe rates Dtêsântlv
thê exêm

number

nt (after

number

but not

G. Total
*except
Cakirs,
for f¡rst 2 weêks ln Jan,, secohd week ln May,last
Edltor.

Fall colors should be at their most br¡lliant; the
scintillatingpnd the beer
company, as alwavs,
'yôuwill be
wíll be.flowing. lf
can contribute to b.eer a¡d fqqd,
it would help; and'please bring yöur own bedding.
Call 914339.45'85 to rell us if you can make it for ,
.Dart or all of the weekend.

.

Thanksl

'*ixì*t" ':.,.¿ì.i;.. ,.,..'- ...
,: ,; ANV srx BooKS'FoR $.10
ôLL TWELVE BOOKS FøR $20

SPECIALSI
-Your

,"

Postage

'

i{

and Hondling-Add 25d for the first baok. 10d

eoch additionol book.

NAM
ADDRES

Mail

To:

Good Box, Realbox 455H
108 Mt Auburn St.
Cambridge, Mass. 02138

23 WIN
22

wlN

'Tis B€tter

contact
)our local
\Âär Resisters
League grouþ
,

lr

)

NATIONAL OFFICE

WRI- 339 Lafayette St, N€w York çttv,
NY 10012

REGIONAL OFFICES
WRL WEST, 1380 Howard St, 2nd Fl.
S¿n Francisco, CA 94103

wRl- SOUTHWEST,

PO

Box 25363,

Albuquerque, NM 87125
ATLANTA WORKSHOP IN NONvtoLENcE, Bóx 7477, Aflanta,
. GA 30309
wRL PLAINs *rårEs, 395o Ra¡nbow
Rd., Kansas City, KS 66103.

ii

11,

toGirrc than to lleceirrc
\

å

. . . . But ¡t's best to do both. lf you send a friend a gift subscriptlon to .Wll\! -.
magazine, we'll send you your choice of two free books. FREE FIRE'ZONE
(Publisher's price: $2.95) is a collection of 24 short stories written by Vietnam
veterans which, in the words of the editors, e¡amine "direct violence and the
subtler forms of cultural rape and pi!lage." Or you can have WINNING
HEARTS AND MINDS (Publisher's price: $1.95), a book of poems written
"out of fire and under fir'e.".poth. books are published by l st Casualty Press,
and eitlier one is yours if yot act now.
I
It's not all free books, you know. lf you turn a friend onto l4/lN, you'Jl
be sure thät there will be someone around who is as up on things as you are.
You won't have to wait months while the rest of the world becomÞs aware of
issues like Chile, or child-raising oCËecret government intrigqes, gr Eayl
women/ men's liberation, or the M¡ddle East, or ecology and agríbusiness, or
the many new'ways radical pacifism is working all over the world. (The
Villoge Voice didn't call us the "liveliest magazine on the left" for nothing.)
Give l4lN ¡o a friend and get the best.
($7 for a one )lear sub.) Please send a gift suþscriÈ

Enclosed is

tion to:

CALIFORNIA''
ISLA VISTA LIFE RESOURCES CEN.
TER wRl- 892 camino Del sur, \
..
93017
.. lsla Vlsta, CA
- ISLANDIA,
lNC. 1636 Lompico Road,
Felton, CA 95O18
' SACRAMENTo WRL, 4314 Alderwood
. : Way, Sacramento, CA 95825
D.C.
-

.

...-,

WASHINGToN WRL, Z2SZ ¿Ot¡r Pl:'Nw
No. 3, Washinston, DC 2OOo7

IIA}VAII
HAWAI I WRL/CATHOLtC eCf lO¡¡'
1918 Un¡v€rsity Ave,, Honolulu,
Hawal¡ 96822

IOWA
tOWA CITY wRL, Center'for Peace
& Jusìlce, Box 1206, lowa C¡ty,'
lowa 52240
MICHIGAN
DETRoIT WRL, 692 West Forest,

Dotroit, Ml 48201

GRANO RAPIDS WRL, Box 11141
Grand Raplds. Ml 49501
MINNESOTA
TWIN clTlES wRL, 2oo5 Vincent Ave.North, Minn€apol¡s, MN 55411
NEW JERSEY
JERSEY SHORE WRL, 364 Westwood
Ave. (No. 8O), Long Branch, NJ,

.'

'

07740

NEW YORK

,.rG6o¿57ryn L, 244 F RD

Nv

7i
Please send a

.

'4
.,
signed:

Gift Card

,

And the book I've circled above to me at:

t

Mu

N.m"

My

Address

l,

(erhonkson,

121t66

tTHACA WRL, 210 Pleasant Streel,'
Ithaca, NY 1485O
TEXAS
AUSTIN WRL/DIRECÎ ACTION, PO
Box 7161, Austin, TX 78712
FT. WORTH WRL, PO BOX 11073, ËT

wofth, TX 761O9

'

.t

:

i

WASHINGTON
SEATTLE WRr*, 2713 NE 94th St.,
Seattle, WA 98115

WEST VIRGINIA

MORGANTOWN WRL, 345 Prospect
St., No. 607, Morgantown, W. VA

:

265 05

Please use a separate piece

WIN

*

of paper for additional gift subscriptions.

Box 547 * Rifton, NY 12471

WISCONSIN

TRI-STATE WRL/FOR, Box 57, Ôlckeyv¡lle,

wl

53808

Title

Win Magazine Volume 10 Number 34

Date

1974-10-10