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'FEACE

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ANO FREEITilt nHRU NONVTOLFIû7

ACnON

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lune 27,î974/
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UP AÊA"UST
I THE NUKES
:

Nucleár Power. "
-Fighting
Plants in Two Cornrnunities
,\,

1a
I

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r
with my peace movement liiends on só
many vìtal issueò, and not agreeing with

them about Israel got me tõ thinling that
maybe my ideas about Zionism ,o"rñrong_
how could all o1 them be out of step?
And sq I went back to see for myself.
-I spent
my three weeks iñ lsrael justiitch
hiking around (yes, there is still á phce

ù

where a \.voman can hitchhike without
too much risk) and talking to people My
command of conversational Hebrew is gôod
enougll so that I wasn't viewed as a touiist_
people opened up and really spoke about

)

)

Dcar Larry E¡ickson Ire: Letter, WIN

61201741: Your childhood was like my
own, and so I do f'eel for you. What I was
making in that WIN fun&raising letter was
ajoke-pcrhaps a bad one-intended at the
cxpensc of thc WIN publishing empfue, and

alsq unóonsciously I think, to draw a
rcsponsc such as yours. The white, middlo
class, hcterosexual maledominated society
is also cruel to white, middleclass heterosexual males! Its values arc rigidly oppres
sive and even Richard Nixon can't livc "up"

qut issues
Yeq there's dissatisfaction with the
government, the prices and enormous taxes,
but the people really know what it's all for_
itsfot wrvival As long as you don't come
out fo¡ Hitler's idea of Jewish genocide,
then there must be an Israel Itis smalf
and there's lots of land that the Arabs irave
on which to resettle their palestinian
b¡ethren Israel ¡esettled all the Jews who
came out of A¡ab countries and would like
to be able to resettle those few Jews who
still sufer in Arab coqntries (liké the
approximately 5000 Jews still in Syria,
who are imprisoned and not allowed to
leave). I can really empathize with the
Palestinians; I know what it feels like to
want a homeland-a place of refuge. But
I'm sorry, it can't be in the sovereign state
of Is¡ael
The Jews who fi¡st settled in palestine
came from the Pales of Setilement (where
Jews we¡e forced to live in Russia), came
from Lithuania and Poland to escape per-

'
to theÍL
Stokely Ca¡michael's assinine rematk
(madq incidentally, before his mrirriage to
Miriam Makeba, after which he has never
been heard from again) refe¡red not just to
white women, but to black as wel! and
served to underline how pervasive sexist
secution, and came, toq because as Jewg
propaganda (perpetrated by men-who else?)
they were not allowed to become full men¡
hæ been Even socalled revolutionary mèn
bers of the nascent Socialist groups which
Farrot it, even genuinely oppressed men.
¡ were forming in Europe. Añd so they built
Women are the underdogs who even get
their Socialism in Palestine, building a
kicked by other underdogs. We are the
higher standard of living and a sense of
very bottom of the pecking order.
working together for a common goal of a
Neverthelesg Lury,l who was also a
Jewish state which would be egalitarian for
fat child with a pathetic lack of physical
all its inhabitants
coordination; I who was "reassured" that
They have realized many of their goals;
my shortcomings weren't important because
despite the BritistL despite the Arabg.
äll I would have t'o do was kóep house; I
despite the Holocaust They have accomwho wanted to go to sea like Melvillq to
plished making a flouishing, beautiful
fornicate like Dylan Thomas (I am no less
country out of that smalt neglected land.
attractive), to blaze through the world like
It needs to be!
-DEET LEWIS
Swift and Voltaire; I,'who have all these
Chicago, IL
things in mg and was trained to flirt and
be chæte and behave likè a lady; I who
ùe have just received a letter from Cao ngoc
llike you, went mad at 14 and 19 and 3'1,
Phuong of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace
extend to you a deeply felt compassion, r
Delegation in Paris Following are excEpts
and welcome you to weep openly with me
I am writíng to ask if Women Volunteers
And I apologize for my hasty, hurtfulr+
can devote morc time for frndíng sponsormafk.
shíps for orpluns,
Let's help each other'f¡om now ott.
As you løtow the whole of Víetrum is
.

.

-LEAHFRITZ

York, NY

I'm really moved to write, because I'm
happy to have read the l4l2Sl74l aticle

on the situation in Israel

I

wish

I

had

written it; it isjust the way I feel
Having been a part of the American
peace movement since the old Ban the
Bomb and Strontium 90 days, I have bpen
surrounded, by people whq for the most
part have been anti-Israel I grew up in
America, but in a strong Zionist-Soìiafist
youth movement, and lived on Israeli

kibbutzim in 1953 and 1952. Agreeing
2 WlN

øcpeúencíng economic crisß ønd even

famílíes in the c¡ti¿s w¡th io;bs frnd it very

difficuh to buy enough rìce to eat, In many

areas starvatíon now øctsts, especíaþ ín
the provinces which suffered tloodíng last
November and in the pst month have been
attacked by tornødo. lle have received rø
ports of sevqol children alre¿dy havíng died
from hunger, In Quang Ngaí over 28,000
people løve no food at ølL In Thw Thíen
province we have hod repotts oÍ ovet ,

23,000 people staning with descriptions
of 8 víllages wherc the people øre fainthg

ønd loam¡ng at theír mouths because of
lack of nuuition These people høve been

tryìng to survive for months on no nøre
thon a bowl of thín soup a day and the
Ieaves and roots of wíld plants,

extent this results from the relatively low
competitive urge in women, which does not
shike me as bad. But low earning power is
more the tesult.of female inhibitions
aeainst developing skills and abilities, which
.iomen have cultivated since childhood as â
strategy to enslave solne man by becoming

People ín these provinces wo*ed doy
and nfuht to replant ûopsøftø the fall
flæds but the ûrast rccent storrns hove.
destroyed a prt of them ønd others have
not grown because of the efects of chemi
cal deþIiants in the soil lt)e are very worrÍed for their lives We lave been able to
roíse some aíd ovqseøi but only enowh to
buy enough rice to feed people for a few
days, The workers in Vietnom ore continuing to replant crcps but iÍ thqe ¡s no
relíef from hunger noq how will they be
able to contínue workingond who will thqe
be living and strong to haruest the øops?
This message needs to reach more people
There is a way to helpi The Buddhistq
tluough the School of Youth fo¡ Social Servicq have set up a system of sponsörships
for Vietnamese orphans They hare photo
$aphs of children who can be assureil á
place with a family and get food and schooling for $6.00 a month Cörrespo¡dence can
be set up between the child and thþ sporisoring American family. This can be arranged
eitñer by sending the money directly to
Laura Hæsler, Liaison Office of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace Delegatior¡

Fellow-

ship of Reconciliation, Box 271, Nyacþ
NY 10960, or the money m¿y be sent to us.

An important aspect of fhis effort is that
in the process of trying to find American
. families who would support a child one can
talk about why there is need for this kind
of help. The issre of starving children carr
not be divo¡ced from politics Nirt only are
the people not getting adequate help from
the government due to corruption and
minimal concetn for their welfarg but the
government is actively oppressing them in
denying large irumbers the rþht to return
to their anceshal homes where they cifrld
raise food fo¡ themselves
This program is an example of help getting through via a norÞgoúernmental source.
Ideally we would like aid to be channeled
through the National Council of Reconcilia.
tion and Concord" If hes..Thieu knew that
that was the only way he could get any US
assistance he would probably allow it to be
formed in sho¡t o¡der. In order to encourage
this process, we ask allreaders to write their
Congresspersons to vòte against all ail to
Thieu's gove¡nment and to channel any
humanitarian aid from th€ US government
through the National Council of Recorr
ciliation and Concord"

'

lVe urge readers

to consider sponsoring

a

child themselves, or to contact other in
dividuals or groups who might do so
-IVOMEN VOLUNTEERS TO VIETNAM
474 Center Street
Newton, Mass" 02158
Now it's Wendy Schwartz popping off
against men and also against women who
pop of on the wrong issues She coÍÈ.
plains that $3 an hour is not enough to
bring freedom to her. Welt $5 an hour
doesn't liberate the men who get it eithertheir greed for ever higher wages and habits

of consumption enslaves then¡
The main reason women earn less is they

üe wofth less to the employer. To a minor

him.

"
dèpendent on
Now, súddenly, some women are re
belling against that indignity, but failing to
recognize how much the problem is of thei¡
own making. Hence all the loud outcrieg

166¡i¡g'for ân external source to explain

'

petsonal houbles.
But the deepest mistake of Wendy
Schwa¡tz is one she shares with most citybound people, left & rþht, men & women,
pacifist & wal-maker. It is her assumption

that humiliatirg or dead€ning work is jus
tified by the income it produces, and theJ

leisure and pleasure it buys She extends
this principle even to marriage.
To all of this I want to suggest a simple
and ancient idea: the work we do is the
f¡st and decisive wayrve define ourselveq

tÊgardless ofwhat we get in ¡eturn. Seconô
ly and almost as important are the private
'relationships we form and maintain lf we
cainot express love by our daily work, then .'
personal relations will not lead to mucl¡" And
if domestic.life is a jockeying for advantagg
then it is hard to imagine how verbal or other

dfpressions of noble feelings can have much

MENU

reality. The peace movement has its share of
peqple frantically trying to compensate for
the emptiness of thei¡ vscations and persònal lives.
In women's movement writing s¡ch as
WIN publisheg hostility and resentment
against sociêty and especially men is a cor¡
stant theme, While that movement has Qther
and healthier motives, why should a maga¿þe devoted to nonviolence give much sup
port to the more negative parts of women's
lib? It may be that rauçaus denunciation of
"male chavinism" Úll sell more magazines
But since when is the quality of nonviolence
measufed by the mere bulk of its followifig?

-ARTHUR HARVEY
Soïth Acworth NH

j

21,1974

Vol. X, Number 23
lune
4.,
No Nukes.isGood Nukes. .. . ...,.

...,

What is the
¿NS
.,

AEC?

...

Nuclear Power Plants Can Be

TheTime ls Now!..:;:..
Peter D. G, Br'own

.. .6

Stopped-

'

r

.....7'

NOPE. in Mass. . .

Harvey

lüasser.'møn

:

OnTopplingtheTower. .....
Som

Lorìëjoy

14

\.,
t

Resourcer.....

.ì17

Compiled by Peter D..G. Brown

-

Changes.

.18

.

Reviews.

.20

Cover: Keystone Power Plant, PAr
STAFF
maris cakarE editor
susan cakars, ed¡tor¡al ass¡stant
nancy johnsonr des¡gn

mary mayo, subscrlptlons

Thanks to a special grant of $1,000 from the War Resisters League
goal.
$1 3,355.66 has now come ¡n towards our $20,000 campaign
it has taken us
that
the
fact
it
is,
but
¿hd
money
a
lot
of
líke
That sou nds
nine weeks to reach this pol nt means that this week we will probabl y agarn
be late with salaries and last week we came w¡thin two days of having our
phone cut off. The hounds of bankruptcy continue to nip at our heels.
' I want to emphasize that this campaign is no gimmick but a life and death
matter for WlN.'Unless we achieve our goal-and soon-there will be no more
WIN in your mailbox every week. No mtire Leah Fritz' Murray.Bookghin, l
David tVlcReynolds, stolen FBI documents, Ean Berrigan, Barbara
' ¡
Deming and all the rest of the gang: Finislred. .

Eigñt years of building "thJliveliest magdzine on the left" will be done.And it wiil happen at a timè of unprecedented growth for us while other
i'
movement pubiications are losing cirõulattôn, cutt¡ng back and ev9n'foldinglx\."'Wp firmly 6elieve-and the many, many letters-of encouragemcnt that.we
rrä"" iãäé¡"ø rr.to* it'ài iñ eïlaiá thousands of people whã'sháre thii bel¡èf- .
that WIN must not succumb to this trend of retrenchment" WIN can and must
cont¡nue to grow.
gut ¡t def,ends on.you. Can you afford$100 for a-lifetime subscription?
Can you afford $20 fòr 200 more issues? Çan you afford to share a port¡on
of this week's paycheck?
Many readers have already done whatever they can to help. We want to
extend our deepèst thanks to them; Oühers are unable'to help because they
are in pr¡son, uhempíoyed, on welfare oÍ rêtired. Nevertheless we very rnuch
apprec¡ate their support and are cont¡nuing the struggle on their behalf.
Can you help?

4^^-i C"["^.

susån

ptireí c-ompos¡tlon :

'

,

fred rosenr edlfôrlal,asslstánt '
martha thomases, edífbtiãl ass¡stänt
t'

FELLOW TRAVELÉRS#,
lance belville + ¡erry coff¡n + lynne cofl¡n

dlana davles + ruth dear + ralph clig¡a + chuck
fritz
fager + seth foldy + j¡m. forest t leôhgrace
larly.gôra + neil haworth + ed hedeman +
johnson
+
paul
iohnson
nedãman + Þecky
.a!llson karpel + cra¡g karpêl + ¡Jetef k¡ger + joh.n
jul¡e
jackson
+
maclow.i+
linzer
'{{<¡4rer.r+'e.tiot
maas + david mcreynolds + mark morr¡s + llm
+
+
nålcy
peck + tacl r¡chards igal foodenLo
rosen + wendy schwaftz + mike stãmm + brlan
w€5ter + boverly

box

\iroodwald.

547, r¡fton

new

york

,,-t"

' 'úqlt

telephone 914 339-4585

WIN ¡s publishect weekly exçept fór the first
two weeks in January, 2nd wèek ¡n May, l¿st 4
weeks ¡n Auqust. and the last week ¡n OctÕber
by ttre WIN Publish¡n9 Empire with the support

oi the Wãr

Res¡sters League, Subscr¡ptions are

$7.OO per year. Second class postage at New
York, N.Y. lOOOI. lnd¡v¡dual writers are re-

sponi¡ble for op¡n¡ons expr'essed and accuracy
df facts g¡ven.
Sorry-manuscr¡pts cannot be
returned -unless accõmpanied by . a self-addressed stamped enveloÞe. Pr¡nted in U.S.A.

Maris Cakars

.&412
WIN 3

.î,

these safe, inexhaustible, and non-polluting means

not only kept them secret but has refused to implement thém. Ñader said, "several large nuclear
I
þower plants are now opeiating in locations which
ine nEb Regulatory Staff believes to be unsa'fe be-'
cause of the large number of people that m¡ght bo exposed to lethal doses of radioactivity in an åccident: --: ', :
bome of these plants are situated neai'New Ycírk City,i'
Chicago, and Detroit 'According to the Staff's new
" way of determining safe locations for nuçlear poyer'
plahb, nearly one óut of every ihree nuclear.pows[ i
' plant sites now proposed is únsafe."
; *"
' "For the betler part ofa year. however, the AÊC
by
has refused to enact the siting standards drawn up
the AEC Regulatory Staff. The Commission was
t
warne¿ Uy tñe industry that thère would be adverse
public reácfion from issuance of the new criteria be'
casue the criteria would alert the public to the nuclear
safety problem. This wàrni¡8 came from industry
" representatives-from Commónwealth Edison,
Southqrñ California Edison, Pacific GaS and Electric,
Consoiidated Edison, Philadelphia Electfic, and Public'service of New Jersey-who met secretly with AEC
' ofücialslon
April 12, 1973. The Cominlssion hàs plain'
ly heeded the public relations advice offered by the.
.¡;dustry. Hg¡¿could the AEC tell people iqçne
.t
region that more heavily populated areas should be
i T
spãred but that their lives and propert)/ were worth
the risk?"
UCS called upon the Joint (Congressional) Committee on Atomic Energy to recommend lts own
,r
disgolutio-n-an{.o¡ tho l-eader¡hip. of the Congress to
set up-d SelectComm¡ttee to investigate and report
'ön the safety hazards associated with nuclear power.
Clearly, the fight has been, and will be, a difficult
one. lt must be waged on the national leúel, on state
levels, and on local levels throughout the country.
But the fight can be won. As Peter Brown says in the
title to Èis story of the Highland struggle Nuclear
Power'Plants Can Be Stopped=The Time ls Now! . , ' '

of

has

producing power.

No Nukes isGood Nultes
from two
small communities trying to stop the construction of
nucleai power plants in their back yards. These are
two among scores of communities with similar stories.
The utility companies decided that Highland, NY and
Montague, Mass. were good sites for.the nukes, and
began to make plans for their construction. ln both
communities they met stiff opposition. ln both com'
munities the fight goes on. While approaches to action
may differ from community to community,.the goal
ln this issue of

Wl N, we present'reports

is the same: stop the nukes while there is still time;
restore some saniçy to our consumption of energy.
A succinct case against the construction of nuclear
power plants is made in question and answer form by
the Concerned Citizens of Highland. We quote: '

Who is most actively supporting nuclear energy?.
The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), the large
utility companies, the maior oil companies who own
most of the uranium reserves in the US, and those
corporations which have already invested over $40
billion in the development of nuclear reactors, clearly
stand to profit from their proliferation. All of these
companies would obviously stand to lose their in'
vestments if alternative sou.rces of energy were given

priority.
What is a reactor core meltdown and how could

it

happen?

The heat generated within the reactor core exceeds
4000oF and is controlled by the continuous flow of
cool water. lf this flow is interrupted by a leak or
rupture in any one of the many pipes, then "the
emergency core cooling system will have to spray into
or flood the reactor core within 5 or 10 seconds. Other'
wisg one is no longer dealing with a reactor core but
a glowing mass of molten and melting material for
which additional cooling or preventative measures are
no longer effective" (Quoted from Dr. Ralph E' Lapp,
noted energy consultant and a supporter of nuclear
power). The resulting steam explosions would then
ejectlarge amounts of concentrated radioactivity into
our environment.
Exactly what are the chances of a reactor mett down?
'know
until it actually
Nobody knows, and nobody will

happens. lnlate1970, the emergency core cooling-

syitem failêd six straight tests conducted by the AEC
in a mock-up reactor. tn every test the emergency
coolant failed to get through to the reactor because of
steam accumulationl Despite this critical cooling'sys.
tem weakness, the AEC would like us to believe that
the odds against a meltdown are in the order of one
billion to one. You can be sure, however, that if we
, proceed with plans to rapidly increase the number of
nuclear plants, we are hastening the day when that
castastrophe wil I occur.

How will radioactive discharges from a "normally"
, operat¡ng Plant affect us?
Although the AEC apparently does not feel that this
question deserves a thorough investigation, indepen4 WIN

dent scientists have studied the effects of nuclear
plants on the health of surrounding communities.
They have concluded that increased radiation has re
sulted in a dramatic rise in disease, and infant mor-,
tality. lt is the overwhelming consensus of radiologists,
biológists, and geneticísts that any amountof radia'

tion ðntaíls some genetic risks, resulting in increased
birth defects.

í724.7million
415.5 million
168.6mirrion
50.0 million
. 44.7 million
41.8million.:....

What effect wilt several 400 ft. high cooling towers
have on our area?
cooling towers will be required for each
Two gigantic
u"r.i "oiunt built ilieach community, and mgst sites äventuily contain 3 or 4 plants. Thesè 400 ft. high

cooling tówers, which will dominate the landscape
trom aÏt directíons, will spew 80,000 tons (19 million
gallóns) of water vâpor into the air every day' Much of
ih¡s water will be visible as a heavy, thick vapor cloud
many miles long; The climate around plants with cool'
ing tôwers has been significantly altered,. with the added-moisture and decreased sunlight causing fog,frozen
roadways, ánd croP damage.

How long will the deadly radioactive wastes from a
nuclear plant have to be stored?
Plutonium 23g, the longest-lived waste product and
the most dangerous substance known to man, will '
have to be safely stoy'ed away for 24Q000 years. lç

order to prevent leakage or theft for use in atom
bombs, it must be kept absolutely protected from
geologícal disturbances, civil strife; or enemy attack.
Íne REC readily admits that the problem of radioac'
. :t
tive disposal is far from being solved. .

ls the government investing equally in these ¡lterira'
tive sources of energY?
Again we find'the AEC playing a doininant role and,
actually formulating President Nixon's energy budgèt.
Ãn examination of ihe nat¡on's,energy resêãr'ch and
developrhent budget for'1975 shows what an unbalanced approach we are taking:

..'....

.nuclearfission

.::::::;:;::.ilr;;;i;iåil
.....:
i.. ......

.geother.malenergy

But won't my taxes go down?
Our taxes will go down only if privge corporations
build the olants. lf the Power Authóritv oT the State
of New Yórk (PASNY) builds the plants, tþey will not
be taxable. In fact our Axes will have to go up to
compensate for tlle 1,900 acres that the State would
.remove from the Town tax rolls. Spokesmen have
indicated that PASNY will probably become an
agency like the TVA, and will have the responsibilitl'
foi building New York's power plants, all of them tax
free The reason for this is the desperate financial
plight of the electric companies, as indieted by the
State's recent take:over of two Con Edison plants.
Power compâhies just cannot afford to buìld $800
million dollar power plants. In the event that a private'
utility would'buifd here, our,taxes would go down,
but low taxei would be an. ince.ntive for people to
move here, creating steadily gròwing demandsfor
schools, sewers, police and fire protection, highways
and their maintenance, etc. Our taxes would soon
start to go up again.

.

lf nuclear power really is dangerous, why does'the
government want to use it?
The government did not fsresee the current energy
shoriage and was'not prepared to meet it Nor did it'
anticipãte the many still unresolved safety problems
posed by nuclear energy. The Administration has
ielied on the,AEC, the only governmental agency
dealing with.energy, for its energy policy; thereforê;
it is hardly surprising that this policy would emphasize the increased use of nuclear energy'
,

Can the growirlg demand for power be met without
nuclear energy?
2O% of our electrical needs are for the heating and
cooling of our homes. Solar energy can fill this need¡
and can be commercially profitable within two years
(Business l\eek Mogazìne). Tnis would be much cheap
er for the homeowner'thán relying on fuel and utility
companies, because the equipment requir-ed is a one
timeonly expense, and the sun is free, safe, and un'
limited. Although additional research is needed, we
already know that gasification of coal will soon be
commêrcially availáble to us. The US has more coal

than any other nation in the world. Furthermore, fhe
wind, tlie earth,,and the sea,contain practically un-,

limitéd amounts of urútapped energy. We waste as
much as 4O% of the power produced in the count¡y,
lf we eliminated such còstly waste, there would be no
energy shortage and we-would have time to implement

About five months ago Ralph Nader and the Union of

Concerneil Scientists (UCS) ma¿e public the results of
a secret Atomic Energy Commissio4rstudy on the
safety of nuclear power plants. The October 1973
AEC Tæk Force report concluded that serious safety
problems are ttbesieging" the country's nuclear power
plants and that the level of safety of nuclear power
þlants is "still an unanswered question."
Scattered throughout this issue are quotes from
that report (in bold
- .'"This seciet 1 91 - pàge report com pletely.contradicts AEC offcial pronouncements on nuclear power
plant safet¡" Nader told the Joint CongresSional Corn
mittee on Atomic Energy. "AEC Chairwofnan Dixy Lee
Ray has been telling everyone that there is only'one
chance in a million' per re¿ctor'year of a major ntr
clear power plant accident, but she is plainly mis

-

tYPe).

.

representing the facts. The secret Tapk Force study
concludes that it has not been est¿blished that ac"
cidents are that remote. Moreover, so many mal'
functions in nuclear power plant safety eq¡ripment
have occurred in recent years and so many new safety
problems discovered that the Task For-ce'does not
'
believe' that there is'the required confiCence level
that the prob-ability for such [a major] accident is
one in a million or less per reactor'yeat."'
ln addition to the secret Task Force report on
nuclear saf ely, Nader and UCS also disclosed that
the AEC Regìilatory Staff has propospd new guide
lines for nuclear power plant siting btit thãt the AEC

'-l'VlN- :

'

I

\ilhat is thøAEG?:
Early in March, the Atomic Energy Commission
(AEC), on behalf of the White House, .sent'Congress
Èropúed changes in legislation which Would leave
nucle^ar pl4nt safety reviews presently done by the
Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safeguards up to
the AEC alone.
This miive.seekf-io shorten, from ten years lo six,
the time belwçen piôposál aná éompletion of a nu¡
clear Þowqtgl¿ìrt.Presjdent Nixon called for sucþ a
-i

.

nlove i n h is eniiþy itretsäge'.to-C:ongress n J an uary. *
,rsinee lts creation by an act of Congress in 1946,' t
the AEC has been continuously acôused ofan inherent conflict of interest in its dual role as both
regulator and promoter of nuclear energy.
William Doubt, an AEC Commissioner, said that
the proposed measure would sþeed the cumbersome
process of plant-by-plant review by allowing the
AEC to approve standardized plants in advance., Because of these socalled "preclearance" features; a
utility company proposing a nuclear plant woùld
thqn face a hearing on a specific.operating license
only, "if questions regarding technological changes
or advances or violations of commission require¡nents
were raised," said the AEC.
The power behínd the Commission, including Coni-

wlN

5

tî,

mission Çhairwoman Dixy Lee Ray, b'elieves that the
AEC's major role is research and development and
promotion. A.minority position, inside ihe AEC,
holds that its most important function should be
regulating the nuclear power industry, contending

that thc AEC, eager to comply with Nixon's order to
shave four years off each nuclear plant application
procedure, is willing to sacrifice public safety.
It has becn pointed out that the regulatory
safcty budget stands at less than 970 millton óompared to a total AEC budget of $3.9 billion. The
AEC counters that the regulatory budget rose 25%
for fiscal 1974. But regulãtory officialiinsist that
their work load has increased at a far greater rate.
Besides this organizational evidence that the AEC . .
is committed more to promotion than to regulation,
there is evidence that critics inside the AEC and in the
nucleár power industry at largo haie suffered reprisals and faced harrassment when they made public
criticisms of AEC policy and decisions.
ln 1969, two scientists at the AEC's Livermore
Radiation Laboratory called for a ten-fold reduction
in thp amount of radiation considered safe for the
public. These scientist¡ Dr.,John W. Gofman and Dr.
Arthur R. Tamplin, asserted that if current limits
were mainfained, about 32,000 additional deaths
from cancer could be expected annually.
Before the report was published, the AEC tried
to get Tâmplin and Gofman to stifle iL When the report came out anyway, other scientists were found
who would support the AEC's claim that the toaín's
numbers were inaccurate,
Since then, the prestigious National Academy of
Sciences has said that the allowable radiation figure
is indeed too high and has called for a 1OO-fold re-

duction.
At the end

of

1973, Nixon simply reassigned
authority.which had previously belonged to the Environmental Prorection Agency (EpA) tq the AEC.
This was the authority to regulate the raäiation emissions in all phases of the uranium nuclear fuel cyclefrom mining of uranium ore, through fabrication, use
in the power plant and subsequent disposal.
Significantly, the decision calne just when the
EPS was about to propose stricter radiation standards.
One scientist who is a member of the Union of Concerned Scientists-a group which has been actively
opposing AEC policies as unsafe and inadequatesa_id that the decision put the nation in the position
of having "the goat guard the cabbages.',
earlier, the Union of Concerned .
- .About ahddyearforced
Scientists
the AEC to conduct public
hearings on the pressing safety issues surrounding the
nuclear power industry, especially the issue of emergency core cooling systems (FCCS).
The emergency core cooling system is a babkup
system to cool the hot reactor core if the regular
cooling system is lost for any reason. lt tne gCCs

doesn't work within seconds of the initial water loss,
the.core will overheat and melt down, causing a release

of radioactive

gas.

Tþis type of catastropþic accident could cause
hundreds of thousands of radiation deaths, both
im mediate and

from premature radiation- induced

cancers, not to mention property loss.and land con-

tamination.
Dr. Morris Rosen of the AEC's own staff testified
at the hearíngs. The supervisor of technical stan6 WtN

dards of the ECCS, Rosen spoke of ,,undeniably
serious gaps," and went on to say that,,margini of
safety once thought to exist do no! and yeireactor
power levels continue to increase, resulting in an even
more tenuous situation."
. The AEC was shaken by his testimonv and Dr,

Rosen was "promoted" out of his job to another
post.
Rober-t Çomar was Rosen,s assistant. He spoke

openly of cuir.ent safety standards not proviàing
adequate safety for the public. He has since ,,reiigned.
J.C. Hare was Manager of Safety at Aerojet, w-hich
runs'safety tests exclusively for thè AEC. Aiter complaining publicly that his reports were censored by
the Commission, Hare found himself in another jób.
And AEC experts aren't the only people who arg
.harassed
for making complaints. Utility company employees who ask too many questions have alio bêen

fired or harassed.
. John Ziegler, fôr instance, worked as a nuclear,engineer at the Trojan Atomic Plant in Oregon. He was
worried about the design of the ECCS at the plant
b-ecause the emergency water supply came through a
single pipe and the power station was on the Paclfic
Coast an area prone to earthquakes.
He wrote a memo to the Project Engineer and the
Chief Mechanical Engineer who said that it wasn't
their business as long as the AEC requirements were
being met.

Then he wrote a letter to the AEC in which he outlined the situation. He wanted to bring up the matter
in a public hearing, a request which upset his employers. They persuaded him to withdraw the letter
promising that they would do an "in-company" study
of the problem.
He withdrew the letter, the public hearings passed,
ànd_!he.promised study never took place. Subsequent-

ly, Ziegler

was fired.

Cail Houston was a welding specialist at thq, du'ú
rey Atomic Plant in Virginia who was fired halfway

lh¡-ough construction of the planl He reported over
550 welding faults and was told e¡ther to go along
with their standard welding procedure-which he said
was unsafe-or be fired.
After beíng fired, Houston tried to get authorities
to investigate his charges and was blackballed from

all construction and utility work. FBI agents harall his relatives and neighbors
and are still following and annoying him.
r
Two weeks after he left the plant, a secondarial
steam line blew and killed two workers.
This type of harassment is not surprising when you
consider that critics of the nuclear power iãdustry'
t¿ke on the- most powerful business lobby in América:.
the energy industry:
At those A-EC public hearings on safety, lawyers
were present flom all the big corporationi that build
atomic energy plants.
. General Electric, with assets of $7 billion; Westinghouse Electric, 93.5 billion; Babcock and Wiison,
$660 million; Combustion Engineering, $721 miilion,
represent a serious power bloc. The 18 power com-.
panies who run reactors have assets close to g30
billion.
And the policies of the AEC have proven ¡t to be
more than responsive to pressure from industrv. ln
the conflict taking place in rhe AEÇ publíc safety is
the loser.
assed him,..questioned

-LNS

Ntru l0¡u' lDowor lDlnilfs

O:rn lï: Sfirypotl-

*

'l'h:'l'¡mo ls NtÑ!

71"

wogld bring the nation to its knees in the event öf

nr"t"u, power issue is steadily shaping up as one

successful enemy attack, even

of the ma¡or environmental, political, apd economic
struggles óf the 1 970's. lt cuts across class lines, since

co.me to.a.standst¡lt me.¡iú.toilo*¡ne a maiõí nuclear
would wish to
-disasier àitywhere in the world; nobody
'risk
continued use of this pqwer source, once such an
event actually took place; who would want to live

¡

which is President Nixbn'.s use of nuclear energy as
an ¡nstrument of foreign policy. He has agreed to sell
Egypt, and probably also other nations in the Nliddlç
Eãót. a.nuclear technology which will enable them to "
masí produce atomic bcimbvin the foreseeable future,
ali under'the guise of "atoms for peace" and magnanimous.foréign aid. Unfortunately, it will probably
.take a mâjoi nuilear disaster to bring the world to its
senses and force it to see the PandQ¡a's box that we
have so eagerly been prying open over thê past two
decades.

if one were calried out

with conventional weapons or guerrila sãbotage. An
economy that relied heavily on nuclear energy would

no õnL group has'a monopoly on ignoranbe, greed,.

opportuiism, or apa(þy. lt cuts across nationai and
ititãi"áiià"át'bouridai¡ós, the latest manifestation of

I

I

a

The anti-nuclear peo¡ile, scattered across the earth's
most ¡ndustr¡ally advanced hations, face a formidable
array of antagonists: the powerful, highly secretive,
and well-funded shaper of our country'5 national
energy policy, the Atomic Energy Confm-ission;,the
majoîoil companies who control most o-f óur recov(along wíth moit of the oil,
äiã'¡rl ,iunìrm deposits
'gas);
the vast electronics empires
shale. and natural
suchãs General Electric and Westinghou;e; and a host
of major business enterprises ranging from.the giant
conglómerates to insurance compan¡es and financial
instltutions. Anyoòe who has invested heavily in the
exploitation of an energy sourc-e oþviously stands to
lose a fortune if that method of electrical generation
is no longer permitted to be put into comm.ercial use'
For tñe pâst 20 years, literally tens ofrbillions of
dollars haúe been poured into the research and de'
¡'peaceful atom." Now, with over
velooment of the
40 nuclear plants in operation aroundJhe country
and hundreãs more in the construction and planning
stases. we stand on the awesome threshhold of a new
ãnð térrifying age. A full-fledged nuclear economy

anywhere near one that was still in operation?
Even a fully developed, totally accident-free nu-

'clear economy could only maintain itself for several
decades before completely exhausting all our recoverable uranium. Then for the next'240,000 years, , ; .'
mankirid would have the task of guarding over the
plants' radioactive waste products, notably pliitoñiuhi
239, the most carcinogenic element known to man.
The proliferation of nuclear fission energy makes even
less sense, and is certainly far more dangerous, than
America's shameless involvement in lndochina' One
major nuclear accident could easily cause more
casualties than were inflicted on American soldiers
'durihg
.
thé entire war in Vietnam, Clearly, then, the,
time to stop this nuclear proliferation is now, while
rhere is sfìll a,çh,+ñ¿e

;\

Ny potqnäl dxþerience with anti-nuclear áctìvity
has.been in tliree different capacities: ás head of the
Mid-HuddöÈl'Þrrä Glùbls T3s(force on Nucleai

'

r.
Ehergyr.¿s codrdinator of the New Paltz Faculty
Rgàiñst Nuclear Pollution, and as a founder and ':
executive committee mqmber of the Concerned
Citizens of Highland. While my experience'is limited
in time and place, there are a number of ideas that I
would like to share with those readers who are con'.
sidering forming, or are already in the process of run'
ning a group opposed to nucle4r power. I will begin
w¡th the very basics:
Start immediately by getting as much factual information as possible. A sizeable amount of materials
relating to questions of safety and siting can be ob'

l¡T lDofi:r D.G. lSron'n

wlN

7

.:

T,

power plants is through appropriatgfederal
i.li.lation. lt w¡ll certainly require an enormous
part
l"åãrnt of cooperation and perseverance on the
the
multimill¡on
overcome
lÏ'iurttur opponents to
i"ifar l'oUuving efforts on behalf .of the nuclear in'
ï;rv, Goverñment officials and business executives
It¿ie
þuuliclv that they don't think the anticnuke
'ñu.lt.nt
has a prayer of a chance for ultimate suc.o.. but neither did these same men think ten years
äi\nã¡the anti-war movement would prevail. And
i"f,o-woul¿ have dreamed of Richard Nixon's im'
ntrcleat

"' ' 'freedom
'

from accidents does not necessarily.demonstrate a sufficiently-low
level of risk.
is especialty
uasó-ólä¡ri".dñ;erat¡ng history has notThis
been estabrished.,,

true in an emerging technology wherein a uroad

P.10

"The ultimate determination of the accepìabte levet of public risk is actually
a mafter which should be dçbated
and established in the public arena. lt isä potitical q"LJtñ'*'híi'h'ännot
"d;
a regutarory
{"rrËit;öËä
technicar decision. rt ii reco-qnizeJìr,ât æJr,îiä ¡rüi"iär"il'ñ'i,-iiitäï
*,"1;ñ#dîåäîoî"¿, especiarry or
as
related to the occurrence oflow probability
¡n ttre case ôînr-.¡.", ,oaorE the level of
risk is presentty
diffcult for even the engineer to quantify,-áñ""gnt-r.
¡" ä.t, ¡i'ñrt ff;åöl;"" fñit;rd'biilå.;'

oeachment in1971, only three years âgo?
Getting information to the people is not an unfamiliar tãsk for professional educators, lawyers,
For the
i;i;ñ", politicíans, PR'men, and clergymen.con'
üv puulitist as well, this task, which requires
rêextiemely
be
can
ingenúity,
planning
ind
riá.iiu¡t

p. t 1

"The risks to the public from a reactor is trulv a vatue iudgement. For
simplicity it may be expressed as the total
of all risks which result in a degradation ot tÉe humãn'ãü¡ro;"ü;;r
the respective accident probabÍities. However, quantificatùn;f;'Ë;l;lt,ä¡l .oh"uiuà6te-icclðónts, weighted by
rinlî,¡¿rnt¡ficarion of
all possible accident combinarions has not ueehä"-i-omp¡¡;ir;;.;; "'-"'

'

ñöi¡.;i,;ä

p..r2

k
;';if ilz';:ii:ä:[,*i

Reoctor Licensins Process," the secret AEC sìudy on
the sørety or nucteat power

r ["jJ: f :.8 nergy co
ion
tf
DC 20545). lf you want to address your

1S::9,
Il:
(wash¡ngton,

r

j

mm

i

ss

i

rse

Lequests to an individuai, yoú.un *r¡iãio ÀÉc
.C.hairwoman Dixy Lee, Ray or AEC Commissioner
William Doub. Be sure to ask for copies of the1957

n Re porr ( wash-t¿oj uná'i ñã iii t-tãassifie¿
Rasmus:enReport, due to be released in,,early sum-.
mer." Tte.Rasmussen Report, on which the R'gC has
spent 92 million, explores the potential damage from
a. catastrophic_ nuclear accident. lt will also
seil" us
rne basts lor the current legislatíve struggle over re
newal of the 1957 priceAñderson Act ã-nd the whole
question of nuclear insurance. The
Joint Committee on
lJgpj: Enersy (House offce Buitdíng, Wãihington, OC
Broci k have

2051S)..can also be used as a source

oíomiiâi-ies"ar"n

and policy reports. A detailed list of peoplq books,
and ^.oaniration to plug into appears at [nJen¿ of

th .

le.

'itl ¡
-

minimum of half-a-dozen firmly committed,
tüe. rroïr€d voters in your area, establish a ci¡tizens,'
group to oppgle (or at least invesíigate) the ihreatened
power plqnf, The meetings ¡nit¡ally-can'simplv
be Uullsessions irr the privacy ofì livíng-rãor. U.ãtät l"urt

twrce a honth tiling to add enthusíastic housewives,
educators, resp-ci.ed citizens (senior as *eli aiirnioii
1nd, if-a! att possibte, scie¡tifit."frrii riålfi.ín¿r.
uut or. üny acorns do mighty oaks grow.
A citizens' group opposed to a n-uclear power plant
__
serves several purpoJ.. . to ascertain, acquiie,
and'
orgest retevant data concerning the proposed' site and
nuclear energy ín general; to cómmüniåiã thlilnt"rmat¡on to as many members and groups *itfrin
community as.possible; to persuaãe legislators, civic
grgups, and other sensitive pressure sources to pub_
licly oppose the planr; and Lltimatelv, io iiop it

tt,
"

8 WtN

plant through court action. îhus the functíons
of the
y
þroad.t spea ki ng orienred roward gatheri ng

fl

3^11

^T.,,d ísseminati ng i nformati
on, apptyi ng politica
pressu.re,. and instÍtuting appropriate
legal aciión. At_

îT1f{,

though these four primáry iunðt¡ons

i

a"
logical 5equerfce
lITlTr[,y..prbined, rhere is a cerrain"uïot"n
llY9'Ild;
Io' can't applv political pressure untii you
nave an tnformed

electorate, 4nd you can,t educate
about a comptex tecÍrnololy
ting the facts.
. Gathering information on nuclear energy usually is
a long painstaking task, one that *qrirãrïr"ths
and
somertmes years. Actuall¡ it is a never.ending process,
devetopmenrs áíe ocurring *uéilv'ãrou n¿
:!ry:
rne counrry. Make sure to get on the mailinþ
lists of
the national nuclear resource centers as sooñ as po$
-rrã*
(see
sible
appended l¡sfl. ño ;;her
ããli"*".¿
peop.le

*i*,""iiñüä.¡

".y

parücúlar tgwrr or u"il./
vär1ru,
there are equaily dedicated irôups tilie
your ow.n fighting nr¡kes frorircoãrt
ioiõiitl'!úe have
lE¡eat dgal to learn from each other's tr¡umpñs an¿
litigarion it .õnrt"ntly
l1'jy*^q: l1ergy
nor ar "all to be oúertooked]
fld-,I"ally,.bur
conti n u i ng devel o pments i n the nation,s
,at"
11".
-tl_"1-9
caprËr,
rn rhé form of federal eneîEy legislation.
AEC
and hea.rings before irl, c-onsr.J'Jo¡ni
Lommtrree on Atomic Energy.
,. Allof these seemingly reñiote activities have a :
:ll.:.^3?lllq ol you.r particular situatíon. Nor onty

1!9:f
9wn
don't Jorr.
forget

lfll

;;;ü;s

pi{,:1li:ll

can naüonal anti-nuclear organizations help your

pãitláninciarry
f-","*:]:u'..c.lou.p¡houïJil'9'rf
ano ornerwrse-the vihl.work being performed
by the
tobby in wasñington."Evãl ii ¡ø¡r¡áuãi99_119rvati9n

states eventually pass moratoiium leg¡slatiort
ïhãðiiy
way we are ever going to get a natioñwíde bán
on

warding. News releases from your grrup to the press
åîåÏtðu¿.utt media can be most efective,'especially
ìi'uorit.ltutes deal with genuinely newsworthy items'
wJIf-*riit"n releases are Jften printed verbatim in.the

öõ;t; ánd topica[.statements-can be telephoned into
stations for newscast tapings.
iadio
'--ii *"tt
helpful for a qualified spokesp.erson to be

designated by the group as early as possible' A suc'
cessful spokesperson will est¿blish good worktng coniiãir wiitt the pr¡nç¡pal newspaper reporters and
iiaio/tu news àirectors. After an initial pprsonal meet'
iñ*.
ór'ton. and mail contacts should generally suffce'
-informat¡onal
meetings, slide and film presenta'
t¡ons. suest lectures Uv lðcãt or outside experts (phys- '
icists, 6¡ otog¡sts, geneiicists, radiologists, geologists,
etc.). oublic debates, talk show,appearancés, these are
all wavs of bringing necessary information dirøctly to
ifre pàãp1". vtany õt these activities can be carried out
witti t¡tite or notmoney expended. Some local and
,ái" tot¡t"tuation groúps distribute réntal-free films,
and the best, cþeapest location for showing them is
åfien the town hail or local school auditorium' The

iour most widely'distributed films

can either be

Ë"*d ãi purchaied for about $250-."(They are: reactorr unJ $lutonium fìlms available frôm lmpact Films,
t+4 gteeðker Street, New York, NY 10012-,.and nu'

clear and alternativés films from Churchill Filmq p.62
North Robertson Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90069)'
lf ánly 25 activists in every state raised $1 0 and
;";i;á their resources, we could have ey'e'opening
nuclear education films circulating around every,state
some
i;;ñ. scre"nines. These movies, whichonfg?ture
nuclear
and
authorities
o-utstanding
olthe nation's
ü¿i"i¡"n physics, are probably the sing-le rngst effectivà tool iir awakôning large numbers of pçople to the
dansers of fission reactor plants' Nonetheless, a
iesoäcted local physician, a high school science teacher,
oiå tottrnity cóllege biolggist can be iust as effect¡ve ¡n àxoláinins,thehazards of radlation as a dis'
tinguisheå NobeI Prize winning geneticist from Harvard.
'-'Ë"*
oeoole would disagree with the a4ion1 that exoert les;l advice should be brough{ into the groqp at
[lt" .irÏiétt possible stage..saving your lega-l battle till
ttre ÀEC heärings mean-s almost certainiefeat (more
thang}t%of thãcases are lost past this point), and
process' lf
w¡ä ptóuautv cost you $-100,000 in the
ãtiiutty, just the right lawye¡-will volu-nteer his

pur'
Since top-notch legal services generallymust be

'rl
ai exorbita-nt costs, it wisc to begin.sctruting
r
around as early as possiblé for likely fìnancial resources'
groups,
counconservation
be they from itate'or local
ty, city, or town governments' Further advice and'
:.
tom.tímet even monetary support can be obtaiired r ." ':
irom such national envirónmental-legal-dcfenie or- t
eu;itiiiont as the Environmental Defense Fuñd
and ¡h-e
ir
r stt' st.. NW. w;;hTüd;; Dc 20036)
(two
rcgionalaf;
Õounçil
Ñ;t*"i R;t;uices óefense
î..tr ìzló N Street, NW, Washington, DC; 15 West''
44th Street, New York, NY).
strategy that
There isîo one genérally applicable
'Some
feel that
groups
for
all
ituations.
can be valid
r
you can't win by uttu"ling nu.lear inergy per,se, .but
íaìtrer sfroul¿ póint ort defects in the-particular site,
e.g., detectablä seismic activity, insufficient amount
oi-iut.t for cooling purposes,'or other local environ" mental hazards. Thãie lócal factors should cortainly
li¿,î ñ ¡eñõi"álttìev have oftén proved decisive in de'
feating ã plant that would otherwise have become a
. realitv". H'owever, I am convinced that there is also
are a
'hope îor residenis of an "ideal" site,.siñce therë
of
question
entire
the
for
sound'reasons
nrtU"t of
nutf"ut energy to be legally called into questign' The
ãnuse¿

sij

Êãurteenth Ãmen¿meñt to the Constitution clearly

iurisdictioñ the equal.protection of the laws'"'The

un¿ safety'of tÉose residents in communities
surrounding nuciear plants can hardly-be said to'en-

hiul*

"orotectioñ'r

by the state; if nuclear plants
forbidden by law to be
are
thev
that
ü¡sute
ärå so
ð'ontttr"t"d in or anywhere near major population
concentrations, then the residents of sparsely populated areas are not enioying equal protection under
iov "equal

laws.

the state's
' I Oth., safety questions that might be raised in con-

nectiãn with liii¡iat¡on to prevent an environmentally

"ideal'r site:

NUCLEAI=IVTASTES
MñI\¡G¡-

H\rcI{ì'EnlT
0rl¡ral

I

..,i
.a

lhtâ{l

I..EI.þSTæAEE
trtrd¡

co

á/\¿\&

Vo,

when't'tre group ii initially formed' Chances
á.1. ttrãunrr. he wõn'L You may be best off with a
mo.st active and
¡;"; õ;t '"f leial advisors, with.the.the
i n ¡t¡at¡ve'
,étãrt..trf ãnes"grad ual ly assu mi ng

I

I

toiÚ¡¿s any s1¿te to "deny to ariy person within its

.oo'

t
o

'

..o!

í.ivii.i

I¡TAL

l¡ur¡rtu¡l

TlEl

wA:fGn

-

(lrtidl

ÎC¡An
tlrl¿dl

LNS
WIN 9

l

1.) Nuclear fission reactors represent one

of the

a very slim chance of ultimately being able to
defeat
the plant. ln a crunch, though,ã referen¿um, no matter.which way ir goes, will b-uy precious t¡rnJ¿uiin[which other delaying strategies can be improvised. "
tcleally, there should be several monthi before the
actual vore for the issues ro be rhoroughly ããOltãJ -

c
energy-efücient (10% of tn" t,"ãi i;i";;i;
ttr,-|e..1rt
and
certainly the most dangerous form of boiling "

water known to man. The utility companies st¡oúl¿
have to prove a compelling n..j to ,ó'niinl"t
tni, p"rticu.lar form of electric geñerating plant-inirder
justify thc enormous heãtth and laîety hizirds to
they
Iltpose on the surrounding communities.
2) Low-level radiarion is gieateit in-lñãs" urea, Ú,ur
are down-wind and closest'to the site The over_
whelming consensus of geneticists anA riaiologists
is
that any increase in the ãmount of radiation eñta¡ls
some genetic risks, resulting in a higher rate of
birth
deïects, cancer deaths of all kinds, and infant
mortality. Can the state prove.rhar ¡t is equilly protecting
or can rhe residents ot u l.üiui'årLa show "
its_l,iljzens,
that they are being discriminated against, merely bergpiesenr a polirically irãpoteht ,¡nárityZ
:îi:iL!"y
J,
whtte nuclear power plants are built to produce
energy for about 40 years, their radioactive
wastes
will.remain.deadly for thé next 24ó,óõõ
What
;;;s.
regat nght does the state have to impose
this burden
on the next ten thousand human geireratiànsi-'--"
j[!e_i¡creased probabi tirt
úiåãLru¡ r,
sabotage, routine accidents such as plane crashes
(ptants are not built to withstand the impact
of a large
.ietlin^er, according to former AEC chairnian ân¿ cur_
rentSecretary of Defense, James Schlesinger), train
de
ralments, acts of nature, or enemy attack poses an
un_
usually high threat to rhe areas suíroun¿inä

,

and digesred. ln rhe Ltoyd townshipw"héi" L"siãË,
which has been selected'by.the New york Atomic

un.d Space

.

;il;;;i;;

plants.

"ïircår-"

5) The maximum tiability ($560 miilioñ) in rhe
evenr
of a. nuctear accidenr, as ôsiabtished ¡i titligìsl pr¡"o
Anderson Act, is nowhere near sufficient to cover
the
actual losses that might be incured in such i d¡rurt"r"
(most recent AEC estimates run to
$17 billion, but
take.a look at the soon-tobereleased:Rasmussen
Re.

port). Personal and homeowner's insuran."
õãl¡.¡",

carry nuclear exclusion clauses, so here asai;. the
.¡.gcle.1¡ neishbor is in greater jéopardy oíiásíng n¡s
"life, liberry, or properiy with'ouf ãuãpio"ãis of luw.,,
To prevent construction of a nuclear power plant
in
the absence of any overriding environirïnáliurt".t"
(such as a geologic fault) requires.overwhelming
com_
munity opposirion to the sit'e. rnis cin uã åäÀe on
the town, county, state, or even the ¡J¿ãraifevel.
tven though they are_usually of more political than
regar consequence,

it

is most desirable

rown þoards and county legislatures

moratorium resolutions, banning furiher constructíon

of nukes in rhe governmentat ¿iitrici ónããiträse
local
go-vernments
have gone on record as oþposing the
ptant, they_ can then be pressured into'allocatfng
funds

-

I
:-":I-"1 nf ormat¡ onal, non_ bi nd i ng referendum, such
as rhe one hetd in the Tow¡ of Lloyd (Ulster
Co., Ny)

l

i
I

pn Jr,le 1sr, can be very effecrive ¡,j ,oìi¿¡rvíng a rown
Doard's negative position.
A successful referendum, while it will not auto
rhe power ptánr question, i, ã vîtat ,t"p
Tlt1ilyj"d
rn any antt-nuclear struggle. lf the crucial referendum
rs won by proponents of the plant, then
there's only
10

wtN

as ¡ts

,,The Task Force intuitively bdeves t-hat the probability.of having a maior accident during the. operatio¡1of .
pr;;gnt:ãy nuclear reactors iJacceptably small. However, it does not believe that the overall incident record
r"¡dn tn. eommon mode f4ilures.that have been identified, give the.required
ã"ãi tftrpárt several V""ii,
"orU¡nã¿
accident is 1ù6 (one in a million)orJess per reacto,r-vear;'
foiiurft
confidence tevet that th;;r;b;ü¡iiiy

'

"n

:

-"

.

P'

.1'8

,,The Task Force concludes that wherever reasonably possible, Regulation should strive to improre therconfidence
should demonsirate tnát tnã pro$:ability for a maioiaccident ¡s l0'o (one
¡nã"eã ür"
É"âi inãt r"iJor,
"ndThis_is especially.important_ajúre numbôr of operating.reactors exceeds
"r.
ìntãiert, ifiher'e were.1000 Te1*-o's operating,anal]re_q1u¡9|i?J,T^
ïôõ¿|ä öó-""nãt'rooö._Ài
"'r"ti"ïot
irf a mitlion) per reactor-year, the probability would.be les than 0.uJ tone tlme
a maior accident were l û6 (one
qccur at ôàe or mo.e ieacíors during the 30 year lifespan of the reactors.'f

il;';iiî¡";fi;I*ñg;;ãj;.yeai.

i"'ä3ilËñ;;'h;äã"íJ"nt'*óutd

,Í

P. 18

shopping cenrer from g:30 am ro 5:30 p, ¿uiinä
tf.,,
.week preceding the referendum.
We proOucã¿ siiEO
second spot announcements which were airêJ olei two local radío stations the last three days of the cam_
day before rhe referendur, ãjOOd
!î,_cî:
t-."11,n9ysjaper.which c-onrained photographs
"opi",of
:l ,1
nukes w¡th 500 ft high cooling towers wereãistnbuted throughout the town. The evening before
I
llervote, appeared on a 3Gminute local talk show,

If"

ou.r well-organized telephone campaign continu'ed

:ll"^r,Clltlr
loilowing day unril jusr before rhe polts
otal cost for our campaign ran to less tilan
$700, att bur $100 of which *ii ã"1Ëii"ã i;;-d;;;i

gt_osgd. I

pass nuclear

ro legaily fighr rhe proposed site, oiiist'nJt;¡;c;;elected.
Sometimes a referendum can be instrumental
in
forcing a rown board or city councii lãtulãä"tion
against the proposed plant. As a rule, utilily iãr_
panres prefer not to place nukes
where thev are not
wanfect. I hus ¡t is essential that a substantial number
of townspeople go on record as oppór¡ns'i'hé
Þì"nt.

Authority (nSOn)

is the only hamler in rhe townsh¡p[ À sãt¡àn wagon,
bearing an American flag decal unï,ov"r"J with posters, was parked near the entrance to
the main

Lnd

io have local

_Development

pnme stte Tor nuclear plants in the mid_Hudson
Val_
!.y, the townspeople were only notified tË;*,i;
tn advance that there was to be a non-binding infor_
mational referendum on June 1sL The Concerned
Citizens of Highland (CCôH), which was iormed in
response to the announced referendum, launched
an
all-out, multi-media educational .urpuígn to bring
the essential facts to the voters.
:
At the heart of the campaign were two separate
mailings to every règistered voler in the eniire townsntp. 5tnce usually not more than one was sent to any
one address or household, this- came to about 2rO0A '
pieces in each of the two mailings. postage
costs were
kept down wirh rhe help of a bul k mailiñe óermit
($60 ror appticarion fee and onr
v.åi;, pJrÃ¡i).'ä"*,
mailings were laid oyl by a profeísionat'"á ;g;;;y$;
no cost), commercially ¡irinied on Uetier inãn average
paper, and then hand-addressed overnight
by a dozeä
or so industrious volunteers.
.One hundred high-quality posters were printed
up
'
and placed in store windowó âround the toivn.
The
many of.which have remained on display even
l::tï,t,
atter
the_referendum, bear the simple messaee: ,,A-'-"
power plant that,s not safe enough to be
built in NyC
is nor safe enough to be builr in Éightund;lHighUnA

-

vate contributions.

The ¡rêferendum on June 1st was'an astounding
ng^ even o ur m osr o ptim i stic pred i
c_
l,u!9:rl .ry.tP.-rsi
thg 1,133 v.oters who turn'ed out, gbS ãp-r,f ptanr, white
onty 328 favored i{. With i1%
lls.?9 th9
u?t.lr.rejecring rhe
:1.:1.
¡otj9n of buitdinsany
power ptant in the town, the
Lloyd Town Bäará will
have little choice bur to go alon! øtf., tf,Ë
¿J"¡r¡on,.of

1:Ï:

p"gpt:. Wh.ite propoñeni, óíil,å-örãni
l!:
vorers rnat thetr taxes would

iszurea tne

be slashed 9O%if a
private util iry consrructed flie iaãi f liy,-*Jää
r"r"a

rheme that ¡t was unconsóionuUt.'to
?I1y^3j,lhrour
community's health" an¿ safètv
teopardlze
--'- --''-' îor the
sake of possible tax benefits.
,"

^9:Tn:l,.and,hundreds

td,Ëqiit

tike it across rhe narion,

it'ffi f Jä:::'

ï,i' be undertaken
Fåir:now. year
p_11In. tast(. must ":i?#J;
A
or two
rrom now, tt may well be too late.

o

rtSO

toot coollng towers ln Hollan(L Note the

s¡ze

wlde World

of thè houses ¡n front of them.

Peter D,G, Brown Ìs an octive member of the Sìerro Ctub and the Concerned.Citizens
Germon literoture at SIJNY ot New Poltz.

of Highland. He

teaches

wlN

1,1

I
N0lDll in ¡tlIISS.
opposition to nuclear power in general anâ nuclear
plants in Montague in particular. The stand was
taken
on four basic health and safety obiections:
.._ 1) As a matter of course, uú nräl"uipl.nts em¡t
"low-level" radioactive wasíe into the itlnãspnere.
This waste has been linked to cancer and biith ¿e_

BY HARVEY WASSERMAN

fects, m-osr

.

lol

as long as

of Moirtague

.

anyone can remember, the economy

has been depressed. Unemþloyment is
high, as are taxes. For years the town hás watched-

penalty.
l) Nuclear plants derive their power from ,,con_
trolled" atomic fission. Should the reaction get out

neighboring Amherst to the south and Greenfield to
the.north expand and prosper, while the Turner Falls
environs wallowed in depressiôn , apparently without

of control,

a "melt-down,' from a large reacior could
release thousands of times more radia"tion than the

hope.

Until

last spring. Then rhe Northeast Utilities

Company (NU), which supplies New Ensland wirh
much. of irs electricity, hinted it might li-ke to build
a nuclear power plant in Montague.-The company
sard tt was considering two other sites, but began
wining and dining town heavies in a manner gross
enough to convince everyone they would choose

.

Montague.
There was reason to test the political waters.
Townspeople had just.beaten back a scheme to turn
the Montâgue Plaíns, in the heart of the town, ínto a
garbage dump. The plains are a natural aquifer,
endowed with an immense bed of sand and eravel. The
Boston.and Maine Railroad wanted to exãavate the
gravel (worth some g60e000,000)un¿ nit t¡ò t,ot"

with Boston's',sanitary

lãndfi ll," Íownspeople found
the plan offensive. Armed with an environmäntal im_
pacïtudy
¡lrowi¡g how.rhe project would desrroy
the Connecticut River, the opposition won its case.
No sooner was the dump äirmped than Nù diopped
their little A-Bomb. White Selectmen v¡iiieJ ñU,r' '
plants and gobbled free steak, townsp.ople-grew
enthusiasric abour the influi bf¡oUs ãnd'buiiness and
thegiant boosr ro rhe rax rolls the plani might Urin!.
By December NU,s announcement ttrat Noñtague häa
been chosen as the site was a foregonç cnnJlrrlon.
But there was a surprise-it would-be u t*in

fiunt,

two reactors instead of one, and the cost estfmate
was_a staggeríng $1.3S billion, soon up-rated
to
$1,-12 billion, ro open.ín 1981. Rared'at.l25O mega_
watts, the plant would be the biggest of its kind eier

built

There was ímmediate opposition, divided between
radical and liberal. The Montague Nïclear Conserns
Group, composed mostl y of uñivers ity-oi¡ente¿
ggople., asked that the piants be built underground.
When NU turned down the request, tt. plñöC .urn.
out of the closet and ínto opdn opposition.
Nuclear.Objectors for a pure Ënvironment (NOPE)
was more dírect. A non-organízation in the 19à0s
tradition, NOPE immediatély declared its unqualífied
'12 wtN

T_t4ly by Dr. Ernest Sternglasi of the

University of Pittsburgh. Although t1.," ÃfC has sèt
standards on exactly how much óf this waste a pl4nt
can emig their standards are notoriously lax, and '
many plants exceed them anyway, usuaity witlout

bomb dropped on Hiroshima" The AEC and the nuke
industry (the two are inseparable) claim thé odds
against a melt-down are mjnisculé, but eVen ii iñ;y
arq.the risk is staggering. Furthermore, the last line
of defe¡se against the melt-down is a jérry_rig known
as the. Emergency Core Cooling System (ÉCõS)
¿elqry_d to pour water on a runaway reactìon. The
ECCS has only been tested six times, on simulated
models, and all six times ¡t fa¡led.
All reactors produce a certain amount of solid
.3)
radtoacttve wæte that must be disposed of. Because
the materials have half-lives of thousands of y"urr,
the problem is crucial. The AEC a¿m¡is ltlæn'i li
r solurion, and meanwhile a large stoãge
I:y.1.9
tacility at Hanford, Washington, has ai-readv leaked
stgnil¡cant quantities of radioactive waste at least 17
1
times ín the last 20 years.
4)
Most
nuclear
plants
dump heated water into
.

nômmune members, slipped onto the Montàgue
äi,inr and sabotaged the 500-foot weather tower NU
¡l¿ erected to teat wind direction. Leaving 349 feet
wreckage behind, Lovejoy flagged down a
^iìw¡sted
ãol'ir" .ut, got a riãe to the Turñers Falls.station, and
omtéioonalci'Cade the good news (seçstate'

iiur

ment).

"'-A íong-time resident of the town,

Sam was freed
that morning on personal.recognizance: Later he was
indicted on one count of wanton and mdicious
äeitruction of property, which carries a possible five'
u.ur r.nttn"". He pleaded "abiolutely not guiltyl'
ánd announced he would handle his own defense.
The trial begins SePtemïer 17.
'í
Response from the local community was outrageous. The Greenfield Recorder ran a front-page
edltorial denouncing the act, and a qplumnist com'
oared Loveioy to John Wilkes Bootf,, Sirhan Sirhan

änd Adolph Hitler. One town Selectman wondered
Sam would like it if someone burned
lin orint)'how
'uarn,'wh¡te
another reiterated his belief that those
Èii

ooposed to the plált should leave town.
But the opposition was ecstatic, Letters of support
poured in, typically with the sentiment " I was truly
inspired!'; ln general the toppling of the tower made
it dawn in real terms on Montague and the area that
the power plant was a real issue, with mgre at stake
than a scientific point of debate. For maiy it wæ the
first realization the'plants were even planned.

ln the spring, towri meetings in neighboring Shútes
bury, Leverettãnd Wendell wõnt on record against.
the þlang while the Amherst town meeting nàrrowly
defeated a broad resolution calling for a nuclear
moratorium.
But Montague was a different stol"y.'By thb Staggering count oJ eZ-t 2 the town meeting voted down
if¡e cãll for a moratorium (it also soundly defeåted a
resolutionrcalling for Nixon's impeachment.)...-,,*..
- Town electioñs are usually held before toryn mséting, but this year, for the political purposes of onê
Selectman, the eíections came after. lncluded on the
ballot was the referendum proposition "should two
nuclear plants be built in Montaþue?"
ln was expected by nearly everyone that thg issue
would pass with an 8j1 o. 1ó-1 margin. To help focus
opposition, however, NOPE expanded to create the
- NO Party, and entered a slate of five candidatesAnna Gyoigy for Selectperson, Janice Frey fo.r Board
of Health, Marc Sills for-Moderatoi, and Lovei-oy and
N!¡a Simon for town meeting representatives from
:t*re Montaguê Center precinct. i -j
Montague has never experienced anything, re'
sembling iadiçal politics, and the ga¡npajqn qa,! Cood'
press. Tówns¡i,eoþte proved to be-less sold on the plan
than had been bélieved. ln a classic case of small-town
paranoia, a family in one house would admit being..
ägaínst tire planq-but confess they were afraid to discuss it with their neighbors because they thought

rivers. Ihe effect at Montague,would be critical bs
of the nature of the Monhgue plains aquifer,
which is indispensible to the ecolãgy of ihe õon_
o-riginat rease¡ for rejéctins the áump
!:cli!1rt;the.
projecL
ln addition, it became known tt¡ãt NU pró
posed to emit enough steam from two g¡ant
55Gfoot
coottng towers to seriously unbalance the weather.
NOPE and the radical opposition further objected
to the plant because its construction would ¿oúble.
th.e po-pulation of the town and inevitably àestroy
what farm and forest land was left in an areà inat'¡s
becom ing rapidly suburbanized
. But that seemed precisely what was most attrae
trve to muçh of Montague. The 91.52 billion represents about 30 times the entire assessed value oi the
town,.and with the prospects of more jobs and business than the town has ever seen, the vj-'brations
were
overwhelmingl_V fgr the plant NôpE was essentialty
the cre_ation of a few communes in the rural Mon_ '
tague Center are4 and as the town has an anti-commu.ne law to boot, the opposition seemed pretty
cause

.

isolated.

Until George Wæhington's Birthday. ln the early
morning of February 2i, Sam Lovejoy, one of the '

From left to right Tower toppler Sam Lovej oy,NOcandldatesAnnaGyorgy,JanlceFrey¡MarcS¡l.ls,NinaSlmon'That'sthe
author wlth hls back to the camera. The two ti¡'Os arsÈOen ánd Sequbla-h. TiA photo was iaken at the NO End Bookstore in
Turners Falls by Wlll Lashley,

wlN 13

everyone was for it. Then their neighbors would admit the same thing. The campaign [uickly transcended
the nuke issue and offered tl.re cómmunes their first
real opportunity to communicate with townspeople
on an individual basis.
The election results were also gratifying. The nuke
referendum was passed, but by less than fto 1. That
may sound like a back-handed victory, but the fact
thatTTO_of 3,000 voters registered sólid oppoistion
to a $1.52 billion project at such an early sdage of
the game was no less than amazing. ln addition. the
NO candidates for town offìce goimo re than 66/o of
the vote. What probably blew the town's mind the
most, though, was that Sam got more than 100 votes
for towri meeting member.
^ Thu!, roughly, is where the campaign now stands.
Spring has come, with its farming demãnds, School is
out in Amherst.and people here ãre glad the campaign
has s.lacked offi for 4 while. The NOpE energy is ex_
panding to a more area-wide movetnent anð will
probably sponsor a county-wide referendum in the

fall,'which
l

m.ay

provide an actual ¡najority vote

against the plants. There are also plans foi a conference on natural energy to take place near the

plant site, around the time of Saìn's trial.
. ln the meant¡me, organizers learned to.take at
least one pro-nuke argument seriously. Montaeue
restcfents in favor of the plant consister¡tly
arg-ue that
the notoriously inefficient reactor at Vernon."Vermont,. ten. miles up the Connecticut, leaks so
much
.radiation into the area that plants ai lvlontisuá
"won'r make any difference.i' With thaiin-ñiii, a
summer camþaign is getting underway to shut
ihe
vernon plant down.
Horuey lUasserman is q member of N,O.p.E. He is
the author of The History of the United States.

Oonfil0f
Sam

_Lovejoy Defense Fund; Janíce

Fre¡

chairwoman,

Box 269, Montague, Mass. 01 351.
NOPE; Box 3Q Montague, Mass. 0135.|.
Alternate Engrgy Conference (AEC} Box 269, Montague, Mass. 01 351.

Sam Lovejoys Staternent
on bppling the Tower
the
constitutionali¡y of particular events, I readily admit
full responsibility for sabotaging thai outrageäus
svmbol of the future nuclearpõwer plan!the NU
meteorol-ogical tower on the Montague Pláins. The
Declarati'on of lndependence rightfõlly legisl4tes
action ". . .whenever any form of govérnmeni be
comes destructive of these ends...Iof safety ;¡d
happiness." The Massachusetts B¡ll qf Righis further
states "'
people alone have an incontesrable
..The
unalienable and-indefeasible right.to ínstitute government; and to reform, alter or totally change th1 same,
when theír.nrqte_-cti.9¡r safety, prosperity ãnd hap
piness require_ il'r with the obvious
{a¡se.q of a nuclearpower plant, with the biologicalfiñality
of
e.qually ominoui prob1r:il.^tiÍ':_riî:J11:lh."r
lems,,
a clear duty *ut:Til9 to.,t"911. for my community the welfare and safety. that the government
has not only refused to provide, but haiconspired to

,
I
I

..

l

was
áreamed

'*l'n'Jlq no marice rory¡_qt¡e
i1 itserr;.
!ow,e¡.
a bea.utiful engineering feat. lndeed
I always

it

of riding-to the top to see the entire vallqy I am wont
to love. Svmbolically,.however, it represénted the
most horrendous development this community could

it1lT;J["-::lvjg.:-"]*

l

i

of.it

oppressed us

ali.
that
have
movewhen
consup-

charles Bragg, a vicepresident of NU said
local oppositíon, "wouldn't affect us. we would
to go ahead with it even if there_was a protest
ment mounted by the citizens of the area."
even the most learned physicists in the country
tinue to dísagree, the citizens of the town weró
14 WtN

thé avaricibus'power companies; indeed the plant had
no emergency core cooling system at all until 1972!
The ECCS is a rather simple water cooling idea much
like a car-except it"is supposed to control.tëfnpeiatures comþarable to our sun! The AEC itself'qdmits
that all.EdCS tests have been unsuccessful. T$e industry sayi that the AEC did not require one until now!
What! say l.
I have been living here in Montagud going on five
vears now, and in tñe valley for another five. As a far.
mer concerned about the.orgañiiand the nalural, I
find irradiated fruit, vegetables and meat to be inorgànic; and I can finá no natural.balance with a nuclear
plant in this or anY communit-Y:
' There seems to be no way for ourtchildren to be
born or raised safely in our community in fhe very
near future. No chiidren? No edible food? What will

there

be?

While my purpq5e is not to provoke fear, I believe
that we muit acq positive action is. the only option
left open to us. Communities have the same rights as
individuals. We must seize back control of our own
community.
The nuélear energy industry and its support ele
ments in government'are practicing activaly a form of
despotism. They have selected the less pop.¡rlated
rural countryside to answer the eriergy ne9ds ofthe

cities.Whilenotdenyingtheurban.needf-orelectrical

i,[I

:i
l¡
l:i :lir,ä"*if l'; Tri:if'l#
O'r are'w'e witnessing
efücient?
to serve? ls it not more
;;;;;;t'üúnãã ¡"t*t"n population.and risk?' ' '

rii

:rid
.f

and sênsitive fssue
We must remove the dangerous
f rom the econo m ic and
opttñt
;;;i¿;î ; ä.utl
the issue to a more prudent

ñï

öiirï:ìi'Ë;i;,;;dþi
achigvgmeqts
One ãi lnun't highest
and iudicious tesl

î;'th'";i.'".i;råïñ¿iiet i of trial

iil;iä;iyin,

bv iurv'.ln anv trial''

t1,
uqi"g
:l.nt'
: l:?li
:i1T
laces us rs
that
issue
The
m¡tttlul'
speak
we
here
for
than murder'
i *oin.'¿

u

iriy ãnã i
more horrible even
not of one but an exponential numbæt of ,Ct-o.It.1!:.LlenenberS' lnsur¿eutñs án¿ mut¡t¡ations. Herbert 5'
plnnsvtvania'
states"' lt mav
;il;om;i;tü.ior
lnsurance
be that no one but God could write.the

rtune

pãf

ilv *.

on nutl.ur

It is my ""ø
firm conviction

reactors!"

"

';;

that if a-iur:y öf 12 impar-

t¡al scientísiiwas empanelled, and.following normal
legal procedure they were given all.pertinent data
and argumentg; then this iury would nevêr'give a
unani¡ñous voi'" for deployment of nuclear. reactors
amongst the civilian popuiation. Râther,-l b.el{Eve theV
would-call for the complete shutdown of all the commercial ly operated nuclear plants.
Through positive action and a sense of moral outrage,
! seek to test mY çonvictions.
'úoìe
an¿ affection to all my fellow citizens'

.

,,. . .in view of the energy c¡isis and the Administration's expressed ¡nterest in nuclear power' it is difficult to
P' s7
uui¡ätiil;:

.'.;t

;;;id;;;dpt'ur"

George Washi ngton's Birthday.

ln the long-established tradition.of challe.nging

and then and. only then ad.mitted offcially)4hat the

relatively old Rowe nuclear reactor had not been the
impeccably safe place it has been.so eagerly billed by

,,tn
posed.

to make.adefiñitive judgement in a very few

months on an issue tf.lut
lives forever (o1

f"rñäpr

*óuià ,udicallv alter their:,

;;;;ii;;;illjii.åiul"

'

blackmail! sfctr'pãrvãise iáãù it u ,rrrpítiãÀãinormal humãn righti anJ canno"i o. tolerated.
Mr..ctrariei e;"cg;i;';;pared the devetopmenr

of nuclear po*"t piãnìiio it,ã'rn"rt"rn expansion of
the railroaås. ih-";;i;;;"räúi. e"trns¡on of his togic
is to remember theliqiidation of the American ln-

dian, and thus realize

ih;;;i;;;;p¿,ìiùrii""r'i.,

our own frag¡te f ¡ttÈcorÃünitv.
Characteistic of the timesj though, the corporate
gi?nts not only extort ui uv
¡ir"v¡não'n ttre
õf the local
artir'o tt,ryîre,"u¿" ,, ;iih
"ií¡rriiy,
bribes. The pt"urures'of-mãñJv
ru*nunimbusl.r¡ offered in the same u.i't"r tñ"'.år;;;"(;;';;;í.ki.
Here where the risks-the costs-are ìo Oevaitatinj,
the system has thrownth;;;;r" issue into the eco
nomíc and poli'ticai
Écånomically tor our

;;k*;; '

;;;;.

!,$i,ï,"#äil'åv¿,ll'å,lll"":iä.-,"t|,t$u",¿e"t

rh;;;i;; democraric rótrìion
i" Irituut¡on where unin¡,,,,'itu
is imperarive, j¡r oppãriirï;;;:'fil;;;;-"ïilä"'"
trade-off.heré-Urt*ä,in rã;;i;;
bitli, *ålfiä.
toìitically speaking
to a scientific p.uiär.

The Massachu;ftt Biit
higntt'Jr.iur.r,'iñä n.,un,
"r är mJn ¡tuuãänïãiüðf'
norcorporation,.or association
title to'outuin uá*nìu-go,ïipart¡cular and exclusive
privileges, distinit irotf, tltãi"'¿iiñ;;;il"tí;î""
And yet, ãre we not no* onìy u"sinning ïoËiàri, r.,",
grossíy the grpat
víew their profit?
"ãrpoiätioní
lt was annbunced
only r.""ntìu ¿;i#r";;;h research,

w-ater system at a pWR.facllity failed and
fUne 1972anexpanííön ioint in the ngin cendenspr circulating-safety
reiated equipment including diesel .
floodèd the turbine buíidi;g õ ; Jepth of aþproxima{eiy 15 feet.
removal sy,slem_ÌvTe flooded and
pump,
rgsldualheat
and
the
prñtps,
watói
s"rvice
ä.¡.tii"i i"U¡ni *"t"i
íãnãäiãl ¡nop"riul". nlth*åt¡ître fa¡lure, ¡e i se, ivas not precipitated. by a deficiency' in safety related e9,u-iP:.
high'
,äñi, ir," ¡"ü"¿üion Ji*táii trl"t.¿ eqúþmeni as a resuit of the non-safety related co.mponent failuretheir
aíí plant tayout-'As a result of this occurrence other utilities have examined
drfi-äiõ"iv
píant layouts and óorrective actions are being initiated as appropriate.

ii;[¡ji;

¡"ï"*

ascension tgstÌng program at a BWR facility, thelicensee discovered
pipe
24 inõtr ring suction header for th9 E-CCS systçms had
support¡ng'the
hangais
sõveral
ånJi"'port.ã'tt¡it
iailed änd the header had saeged aóÞroxiiliately six inches. Ütillty response to the Bul¡et¡n issued by Regulatory
lt"ngll bolts, no lock nuts,
Oö..üã"ti"d followup ¡nip-ea¡ods reúeaieï ihat similar problems. (broken'or bent jn
irprop.r bolts, overranled s'eisrnic ré3tpints, and unbahnðed hangar 1-o¡dinql):wge evidence at 4 additional
BWR iacilitie*'Failure ;f ihe ring suction heâ¿er could negate operability'öf-the ECGS and constitute a brêach

ln May 1972, during conduct of the power

intesr¡ty. th" -úr. gf component failure ivas att.riU¡p.q.p fail.ufe to.tak€ dynamic effects into
in erection of the
"onønr.nt
*"r¡¿.iit¡"" ¿ur¡nãttró-striss anatyóés, failure to specify proper boltí¡tùìnaterialq:tq.bg,r|se$
takeä at the affected ¡

ãi

;il;iüõ;;;nlpãõr
facilities.

wnrimanship duíing system éreæiôn. C'orrectiye action

has.

been

ffi

ln a two year period, three significant incidents associated with main steam system pressure or temperature rÈ
Juctionsystetirs tavË ói.rrr"? at PWß facilities. on one occasion the nozzle between the,safety valve and-the.
iniu_ry to- seven personnel. During
steam tine was compleiãly severed dúÍing hot functional test¡ng and resulted in
the second incident, 3 of'the 4 safety valves had blown gff a mãin steam header and the header was split open
during hot funa¡oñai bsting Eightpersonnel were iniurôd dirring the incìdent. The third incident involved the
dg;; rËi*t. ryrt"r. ti'urin-g qieration of the dec¿y lreat- leiease valve the nozzle b¿cked out of the vent
il"cuå ¿uu to reactiúe forces. Twõ pärsonnel died as a reiult of iniuries suffered during the incident. Operator
error \ilas a contributing cause of this incident.
The above incidents were precipitated by design inadequacies which did not consider the total dynamic for-ces
involved during valve acuätion. As a result oflhese ocóurrences, owners of other light water reactor facilities
aÍe analyzing añd modifying their relief systems as
PP. 5-3 through 5-9

dät

approÞriate."

.

wtN.15

Some Present Nuclear plant Sites

That Do Not Meet Secret AEC
Regulatory Staff Safe-Siting Guidelines:
lndian Point logted at Westchester County, Ny
Shoreham located at Brookhaven,

RESOURCES

Ny

Bailly tocated at Dune Acres, lnd.
Oyster Creek located at Toms River, Nf

invaluable
SSome
'

sources of informatipn; not neces-

Sierra Club. 1050 Mills Tower, 220 Bush Street, San
Francisco, ëul¡i. gqlOq. Club has over 1 40,000 mem-

sarily listed in the order of their priofity:

Midland located at Midland, Mich.

bers.

Sen. Mike Gnvel, 4'107 New Senate Offce Bldg.,
Washington, DC 20510. Sen. Gravel is the leading
nuclear opponent iq Corigress, and his periodic newsletter on energy matters is required reading.

H.B. Robinson located at Hartsviile, SC

Beaver Valley located

Task Force Against Nuctear Potlution, 1936 Park
Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20010. The T4sk Force
publishes a newsletter and is organizing a nationwide
petition drive that has collected about 701000 signatures to date.

at Midland: pA
,

Millstone located at Waterford, Conn.

Zion located at Zlon,

National lntervenors, 153 E Street, Sg WurÈi ngton,
DC 20003. A broad-based coalition of over 1 00 antinuclear groups.

111.

Salem located at Salem, NJ

Fermi-2located at Lagoona Beach, Mich.
Connecticut Yànkee tocated at Haddam Neck, Conn.

Environmental Action Reprint Service (Ben Billings),
1100 14th Street, Denver, Colorado 80292.. Ben can
supply you with flyers, re-prints, and bumper-stickers
at non-profit prices.

.

'i

Friends of the Earth, 529 Commeiòial Street, San
Francisco, Calif .941'11 . Leading organization involved in litigation to close down all commercial fission power plants. Capital office: Ann Roosevelt,
Friends of the Earth, 620 C Street, SE, Washington
DC

$Here

York: Viking

and publiciir

ii&.e;#-

/

Energy Policy Project, PO Box 23212, Washington,
DC2OO24. Send 75d for copy of recent 8$page

Ford Foundation Report "Exploring EnergyÇhoices."
Coalition for Safe Energy (Lorna Salzçnan)y12 Jane
Street, New York, NY 10014. One of the priricipal
NYC groups.
Union of Concerned Scientists, PO Box Zaöl fVf
Station, Cambridge, Mass. 021 39. Best-informed
group of nuclear experts.
f

f

Committee for Nuclear Responsibi lity, P O Box 2329,
Dublin, Calif .94566. Board of Directors includes some
of the nation's most outstanding scientists,,including
''
halfa dozen Nobel

Laureates.

The pictures on this page are of the Keystone Nuclear
Power Plant in Western Pennsylvania. They were taken
over a period of two days and indicate the results of
changes in the weather and wind direction.

willfind helpful:

Lewis, Richard S. The Nyclear Power Rebellion (New
Press, 197 2\.

first-rate speaker

Coatition for Fair Nuctear lnsurance (David Powell,
coord.), 620 C Streeq SE, Washington, DC 20003.
Coordinating current fight against PriceAnderson Act.
Write them at once!

i

Gofman, John and Tamplin, Arthur. Poisoned Power
(New York: New American Library, 1974lt.

Citizens Energy Councit, Allendale, NJ 07401. Larry
is a

,

are a few essential books you

Curtis, Richard and Hogan, Elizabeth, Perils of the
Peqceful Atorn (New York: Ballantinè, 1 970).

Environmental Action Fourì'dation, Suite 731 , 1346
Connecticut Ave., Washington, DC 20036. Send 50d
for their excellent 36page booklet titled "The Case
, for a Nuclgar Moratorium." .,-.'

Bogart whoheads this group,

20003.

Metzger, H. Peter. The Atomic Establishmenf
York: Simon and Schuster, 1972).

.

(New

Sternglass, E!ry:.t J. Low Level-Rodiqtion (New York:

Ballantine, 1972).
Novick, Sheldon. The Careless Atom (Boston: Hough'

ton Mifflin, 1972).
Nelkin, Dorothy. Nuclear Power ond\ts Critics
(lthacá: Cornelí U.nivërsity Press, 1971).
are two periodicals that devote considerable
spaç€ to al ternalive. ene[gy.:q9urçes;,

*There

' ÀIterizritv¡e Sources

of Energy, Roule 1, Box

Minong Wisconsin 54891. $5 for six

368,

:

J

issues.

The Mother Earth News, PO Box 70, Hendersonville,
North Carolina 28739. $6 for six issues.
Coimpiled by Peter Brown

"Rgyiew ofthe operating history associated with 30 operating nucÍear reactors indicated that during the period
111172 - 5l3Ol73 approximately 850 abnormal occurrence weie reported to the AEC. Many of the occuirences
were significant and of a generic nature requiring followup investigations at other plants. Forty percent of the
occurrences were traceable to some extent to design and/or fabrication related deficiencies. The remaining incidents were caused by operatòr error, improper maintenance, inadequate erection control, administrativJ
deficiencies random failure and combination thereof."
p. 1 6

16 WtN

wtN 17

ChAN

IS MONTHS FOR LEAFLETING BRITISH SOLDIERS

ES

Pat Arrowsmith, longtime British peace

actrvtst, was sentenced on May 20 to
18 months for distributing leáflets of

NEW yORK ASIAN_AMERICANS speak Engtish weil and didn,r

DEMONSTRATE AGAINST CON-

co./uNroN Drs
llstJcr!gt,r
cRlMlNAr¡oN

dress

properly. An AAFEE spokeswoman

#[L:;i;äJ[iú:ii:ff;i.

*u, uËå,i ä

Ë;öäi

¡ito

u.,,

the British Withdrawal from Northern
lreland Campaigri to soldiers at the

Warminster School for lnfantry last
September. A jury took 40 minutes to
find her guilty of ',íncitement to disaÊ
fection." An appeal is.planned.
Pointing out that the issues in, the
case.were free speech, a soldier,s right
to disobey inhuman orders and grilisfl
'repression in lreland, pat
told the
court: "My colleagues wíll contihue to
d_istribute this and other leaflets,, and,
if free, I shall consider it mv duív to'
join them. To those urgine britisfi
with.drawal from lreland, I say ,Right

and union.
Latin constructión workeri in Manhat- The protests have had widespread
.tan, halted work temporarily on a g40 slPngrl from the Chinese community.
On their.lunch hours, garment workers
million construction project being
built in the Chinese community at the joined the picket lines which numbered 200 nearly every day. ln addiend of May. The work stoppage was
part of a two and a half week series of tlon, many older Chinese ioined the
protests by Asian-American workers. picketing. Black and Latin constiucFifty-five demonstrators were arreste¿ tion workers, represented by Fight
at the job site-known as Confucirls Back; the Black and Puerto'Ricãn
on!"';
]r.p.
Plaza-during the protests and sit-ins Coalition; and Black Economic Suraimed at eliminating the contractor's vival .also joined the protests. Through- GAINESVILLE 8
out the picketing there were several
racist hiring policy.
SUES GOVERNMENT
arrests.
Thc protestors, organized by the
Suit was filed in US court in WashingAsian-Americans for Èqual Employ- . ,The increasingly large demonstra.ton, DC seeking $100,000 in punitive
ment (AAFEE) are demanding'an ênd tions at the construction site forced
damages and 950,000 in compensatory
to all j'ob discrímination, immädiate the New York construction industry
damages for each of thë ten plaintifs,
hiring of Asian-Americañ workers, and to run a full page ad in the New York
Times The ad claimed that the con_
reimbursement of legal expenses and
thaf ,5% of all workeis on the construction site be Asian-Americans. I struction industry doesn,t discriminate the appointment ofa special prosecutor
ln hlrln&
to seek indictments against three
The demonstrator's siqns. in tneHoweve¡ the results of a study r+
federal prosecutors and an FBI agent
lish and Chinese, said thiñgs'like "fhe
leased by the NAACp in mid-May
The plaintiffs charge that the US
Asians Built the'Raiìroads]Wf,u Not
Governnieni with and through US
Confucius plaza?,,and ,,DeMatieis. reaches a different conclusion. HerYou Are a Big Racis!" referrin1to bert Hill, labordirector of the NAACP
Special Prosecutor Guy Goodwin (the
Asian-Americans, joined by blacks

charges the building trades unionò with governnÍents specialist i n tru m ped-up
working hand in hand with the conconspiracy cases), US Attorney William
struction industry to keep the conStafford, AssistAnt US AttonneÍJStuart
struction trades all white.
-LNS " lack" Carrouth, and FBI Special
Agent Claude Meadows, cohspired to
violate the plaintiffs civil rights and
deny their right to afair trial,
The plaintiffs are the Gainesville
y,nt¡l we get justicg untir we"get A war resister riving in exire because
1?"
'Eight defendants (Scott Camil, John
of the draft has been arrested while
Although Confucius Plaza, agovern- ittãn¿ine f.,is
Briggs, Stanley Michelsen, Peter Maiãt¡"i;sîunãrui¡n
norf.
ment f¡nanced housingcompiex, is be- üfunä,
honey, John Kniffìn, William Patterson.
lfr¡no¡;'-'ïiiän
ing built in the hearr of the
Alton
Foss and Don Perdue) and two
f"liy, 2g, who tefr rhe US in
community, the contracror, rhe
other VVAW members who also were
196é, was ariósæá Februiry 19 after
Matteis Corp., has hired oniy
subjected to harrassing grand jury subi ruiår¡r. return to the country. He
Asia,n-Americans among. thsseventy
peonas at the time of the 1 972 Repub.
*ãi ír."¿ on 95,000 bail.and allowed
workers it employs on the Confucius io
lican National Convention, Wayne
irlurn to Canada pending trial. The
.Beverly and
Palza site.
lack Jennings. Wayne and
Despire rhe avairabiriry ora
Jack were both jailed by District Court
stantial pool of experienced AsíanJudge David Míddlebrooks when rhey
- -üãìtyfr¡en¿ åi ine firìf y furiry.
Americans, DeMateis
refused to testify before the grand iurv.
r,uJuïruåã"rrruirylougr,t
demands to change hít
but were later freed by a higher court.''
,"ecåg-niLion u, uionr"¡.niiåui ou¡ecAAFEE charges that rhel':':åtl1:,t1"-*'
corporarion iåilirrrã i"*.ú
During grand jury proceedings in
;h;ü'S:'H;had been
Tallahassee in luly, .1972, Goodwin
j[',äï:""",:?tf
was specifically asked by Judge Middle" rLrr rrrvrr
sites-a practice known as checkerbrooks whether any of the individuals
i.iä';;;_;;"'"'
boarding
represented by the team of lawyers
ol
Duri íg rhe prorests,
shared by the current plaintiffs and
g"::
?:I he
one Asiar¡Amerícan worker
",å;:¿il;:ï1,ïffi,T1ñì:l,T:'
others were agents or informants of
ä;i;;"
fund for Kelly. For informa_
hired at anorher site. pete¡: Moy,.w.h9 i¡ä,ì,
the government. The transcrípt shows
ionr".t James E. Jacobsen, Coa bric,k;
that he stated there were none. The
län. râ [, Lì!ãi ô.r"n,.
l1l1y,i[11
:.-"j l.was
I:T:
",, acggr.d- ëñ;i,;,"; Àr
rayer rn Hong1",Kong,
previous page of the transcript shows
ïtred,
Fund, Boi "1206, \oúa Ciiy, lowa
ing to DeMatteis, because he couldn'r S;;iô.
that
Attorney Doris Peterson had in_AMEX

the contractor for the 764unit*cooo,
,,We
live in the oldest. most dilaoil'
dated tenements in the citrr." expläined
-'
Takashi Yanagida, a spokeiman ior.
AAFEE. "We want new housins anri

ïîffi;i'""J#ä¿l;I;#.W

A.

formed the court that she represented
Emerson Poe, who later emerged as
one of the prosecution witnesses, having been a paid'informer throughout
his association with the defendants
and even participation in diÉcussions
of defçnse strategy. LJntil [is appearance
as a witnesE Poe wæ Assistant State

Coordinator for VVAW in Florida and
was considered by Scott Camil to be
among his closest friends. The
po¡Àt

sible successors to his

once

it

has been taken

from tþe treer"

said Sheriffs Captain Kenneth Deering.
"Wg are spread thin trying to protect
the 1 4,000 acres of groves here in

nsrthern San Diego County."
Ofücials of several growers organizations, meeting in the'Escondido City
Hall, said that if the thefts continued
at their "epidemic proportions" the
black market avocados rçaching consumers this year might arnount to abo ut
g4million, about 1 0 per cent of the
total value of the California crop and
four times greater than last year's thefts.

-WlN

Sllr,tply DtscusnNG

California's avocado growers are
patrolling their hillside groves with

Bodies

U3e

world leader. Despite television reports of a generally
friendly crowd, Nixon met some
opposition at the military center.
Several of the grad uates refused to
as

:

class

moral valups of the taxpayers i.n the
community. . . lt is a political {ocument and propaganda for socialis¡

.

people on vacation or laYoff have
been placed on small farms operated
by peoPle who cannot afford to hire
regular helP. You can contact them
at'l O'l 4 Wil liamson Street, Madison,
Wisconsin 53703. . . . . Somewhere
along the maze of hallwaYs in the
ugliest and most expensive offce
Ouitaing in Washington, the Rayburn
House Office building, the Judiciary

..

leftism,"

;

The trustees voted to rePlace the
suspended course, "Survival For To-

day," with one called

Foóds."

"Advanced

,

t

-LNS

..i-

AN ¡GNORANT REPUBLIC
IS A STABLE REPUBLIC
Chairman lohn L'.McClellan (Dem'

Rrk.) of the Senate-Aþpropriations

Committee said disclosure of the.ini.il¡g""i. u¡Ugét total, inolud inglthe

annual reports on CIA sPending
which are now a well'guarded secret,
would lead to demands anci details.
"lf .you e nd all the ignorance, you end
national security,' ' he asserted. -LNS

in a high

stration at Madison Square Gardgn
in New York October 27 to demand
"self determination ànd independence"
for the people of Pyerto Rico and a
" Bi-Centennial Without Colonies."
The committee can be reached at
Box 319, Cooper Statiòn, New York,

NY10003.....Thefolksatthe' :', '
People's Bi-Centennial Com.m'ssion :
(1 346 Connecticut Avenue, Suite
ì010, Washington, DC 20036) are

R()$DS

too

find that you're in the basement.
Pocifrca News, an alternative radio
network, wlll be carrying the impeachment hearings live, if the committee
qyer gets around to making them
püblic, and you can be sure that in
an election year they will.
-Paciflco knows its wäy around Capitol
Hill pretty well. Thè questions they
ask cut much deeper than the usual
liberal cotton candy type of reporting that has been rampant among
reporters covering the hearings. . . . .
The Puerto Rican Solidarity Day
Commìttee has called for a demon-

,

" lt is one of the dirtiest, dirtiest
books l've ever read" said one trusteet
and the board then described the i:
book as "contrary to the predominant

.

I

thinkinc about 1976 too, of course. . :
'
They've got some interesting stuff
.'.',
líned up for 1974. Beginning July 4,
over 200 TV stations.will begin carry- ,. " :.
ing 60 second spots on'revólutionary ;' ;'i
documents in our history. Seventeon
nÊople, including George Burns, Jon
,Voight, Quincy Jones and Robert
Vaughn will read from the Declaration of lndependence in what the
i
PBCpeople hope will be the fìrst pf

stand when he arrived and, outside

the l'ieavily guarded stadium, a crowd
of over one hundred, two thirds of
whom are black citizens of Baltimore,'
demanded his impeachment. . .. .The
Wisconsin Alliance, a socialist organization active in pre-third party work,
among other things, in Wisconsin, offers
a free, three month trial subscription
to the Wisconsin Pritriot "for the ask'
ing.;; ont of their more innovative :
programs has been the Farm brigade.
Õver the last few years, over 1 30

ent¡re

course.

of a women's health guide, Oør

AT{D

in Gilroy, California, caused thg

schools trustees to suspend.thç

Avocado Bureau

BE ON THE LOOK.OUT
FOR HOT FRUIT

about'hisrole

., ;;j;;
T,:,iury::9:ll

l8 wtN

Fullagar

The United States Naval Ac¿demy at
Annapolis, which was rocked by cheating scandals this semester, invited an
appropriate çonimencemen t speaker to
. 'commend .the future Naval and"Marine
officials. President Nixon, whq despite
. early reports,'did not lecture on the
ins and outi of income tax cheating,
talked to the assembled graduates

sub- f,::iiiïIÅi:li;,il3il,i.,?[]Jli,

I*d,
had

t.ulN"il

to track down the thieves.
, "There is iust no wáy of telling one
mân's avocado from another man's

.

Both Carrouth, who headed the
prosecutiôn team during the trial, and
Stafford have been mentioned as pos-

Ch¡áes,
Detwo.

t'

-

mitted his resignation from,the bench.

rvu).

l,#i

crucial

is Goodwin's lie under'

oath (although that certainly isn't,the
only lie that was told in the trial). A
motion for mistrial upon discovery of
Poe's real role was denied bY Judge
Winston Arnow, who heard the iase. .
Miildlebrook!, who presided over'' J'
the grand jury proceedings, has sub-

ii'bF#SËtil?^I-

iË:,Tli',f,Tl;ï:l:il.?iiiåi'å,'fJ;Bä5ilJf

är the suit

shotguns these nights'to protect the
ripening fruit against thefts that a¡'e
running into millions of dollars.
Sòme growers have banded together
to organize roving nighttime patrols or
ha,ve installed "booby trap" alarm systerhs, because law enforcement officials
concede that it is virtually impossible

a series of such telecasts. According''
to the PBC paper, Common Sense
this will be the first time that our "in-' - ..
t

cendiary founding st¿temènt of
democratic rights" has been read '
over the tubê in such a manner. . . . .
The New American Movement a
democratic socialist group, wíll be
holding their annual conventión in
Louisville, Kentucky this yeâr July
1 1 ttirough'14. They are urging all
persons interested in building social-

ism to come as participant/observers.
For more information, contact NAM,
2421 E. Franklin Avenue, Minneapòlis,
Minnesota 55¿106. -Brian Doherty
WIN 19

Greenfield does it all pretty well. He

¡

REVIEWS
BOOKS

S.T.P.: A IoURNEY THROUGH AMERICA
WITH THE ROLLING STONES
Robert Greenfield
Saturday RJviet" Þress
337 Pages, $8.95
The Rolling Stones are not ordinary human beings like you
or me. There may be five ordinary human beings who be
come the Rolling Stones every fèw months, but irnce they
reach that lqvel of consciousness, they cease to be mgrtal.
For whatevér length of time theóe fivé men
toeàtñ.i in
"r.mare strange
this guise, they become empowered to ingest
chemicals, stay up later partying fuck more chicks, and
play better rock'n' roll than we can. They fascinate, and '
even the most cynical of us follows them, at least spiritually,
every time they go on tour.
Some, like Robert Greenfield, are lucky enough to follow
along physically. As a member of the press section of the
Stones Touring Party (the S.T.P. of the title), he not only
got to hang out with the roadies and the engineers and an
occasional Stone, but also got to see most of the cohcerts
on the '1972 tour. He got to watch the months of nerve.
wracking preparations w¡th the managers and agents. He got
to watch backstage before and during each concert. He got
to watch the kids' react¡ons in every city the Stones played.
He got to watch the continuous party between gigs. He was
there from the beginning in Vancouver in June to the end in
New York City during the last days of July. And while he
tries to stay objective, or at least detached, he's obviously
fascinated, too.
So what you get is a slightly detached, fascinated accoúnt
of the Stones as they were Summer 1972. You find out
what.songs they weie doing, and what their favorite drug
was at the time, and what kind of groupie.they preferred,
and what kind of hotels they stayed in. You get to know
what kind of people work fol them. You meet the fans and
the hangerson, and find out how to tel! the difference. You
even learn the secret inner workings of the Playboy Manoto by W€nd¡ Lomþard¡/CREEM
20 wl.N

sion.

tuirr ro, feel the

excitement as the tour begins to take shape. He shows what
a drain on energy a fifty-four day national tour can be without draining you, too. U'nfortunately,.he can't capture the
music. Mere printed^words on paper cannot"make your
spine move like the Stone's music can.
lnstead, he describes the effects this music.has on the
people around them. The simple fans who merely buy
tickets and albums and pass out from ecstacy or claustrophobia at the concerts. The roadies, eqgineers, business
managers, and groupies who try to'ksep up the level of
partying necessary to please th.é $tones, especially Keith
and Mick. Boredom is the greatest enemy, but the ways to
combat it are always the same-more drugs (on this tour
amyl nitrate) and a ney flock of girls. Womç¡ are.not even
mentioned, all females are eithdr chic,ks or ladies (as in
"Keith's lady of the hour" or "so-an{so's oJd.lady"). There
is some kind of class difference between a chick and a lady,
but it is never explained. lri any case, both.are little more
than mouths. Bianca Jagger is mentioned twice, and each
time all that is said¿bout her is that she is a teirific dresser.
It's not so much that I expect the Stones to be serious
revolutionaries. They are merely capable pf affecting huge
ntjmbers of people because they play fantastic music. The
problem is thät this book makes a heavy consumption trip
seem like the only hip, far out way to live. Occasionally,
when someone gets ripped off, or beat ufl, or seriously ill or
freaked out from drugs, Greenfield will show a little disapproval, but mostly he seems jealous. lnstead of envyi4g
that power, wouldn't it'be more constructive to obiect to
it? He does express shock at the amounf of money the
Stones made on the tgur, but that is not really lhe place to
get angry. People spent the money from their own free will.
No, the problem is the power, especially sinçe rock is supposed to be a rebellion against ahy kind of authority.
Fortuóately, even the Stoñês seêm to be sick of the i
whole medìa star trip. Goots Head Scìup, their most recent'
album, is a.very mellow work. lri if they seem to be tiring
cÍf the complications and yearning for simpler times. As
Keith and Mick say in the song "One.f{undred Years Ago"l
"Went out wqlking through the woods the othdr day
And the world woi; a carpet laid before me
The buds were busting and the air smelled cleør and stronge
'Seemed about a hundred y€ors o!lo;"
They want to be ordinary human beings,Jike you and me.
You'can read S.T.P. and understand *nt:*rrh"

thor"ru,

distasteful excesses of McCarthyism (quite different frorh
"intelligent anti-communism," to use Arthur M. Schlesinger
Jr's feiicitous phrase) at the same time it was said to,haye
dis4ppeared as a social presence. The most insistent pur'
beyors of the middle class myth were scholars who'regaçded
stàtistics as final and irreversible documentation. The ac'
. clamation of the affiuent sociçly and the end of ideology'
was less prophesy than belief that history was.p.l4{1çd out
r

for

America.

The gulls come farther inalnd when it rains
, as if the Sea itself
in its deposits on the land
were there. theY droP
and swoop to fish in the longer grass
; then bank
. and'rise up
puzzled beforê they hit
then move 4waY,
till they get high en'o-ugh to see
the final demarçation of the land,

diift ,*i;$ ...
then hold thèiñiel'ves"
;ìn that lócation.
then

WHERE HAVE ALI- THE ROBOTS GONE?
Free Press,

.

'- i¡'-

ffi

.'

My heart's in the highlands too sometimes
my body also turned
, to whatever job or þleasure,
the mind gets lost

1973. 97.95

The American working.cl4ss according to most accounts
was not strictly supposed to exist. Studiesrpf worker discontent are often approached as if they were journals of
the discovery of a lost continent. Previously, disillusioned
bocial scientists were firm in their conviction that the
worker who mìght have been waiting for Lefty during the
Depression had become an índistínct blur upon the áirival
of the.fiist television set. They believed that the plenitude
of the post-World War ll era had created a nation of.t,mass
men," and android middle class majority, ridden with status
anxiety and dìspossessed of genuine culture. In this manner an authoritarian working class could be blamed for the

-

I

Harold L. Sheppard and Neal Q. Herrick

NY:

"

Harold L. Sheppard and Neal Q. Hqrrick arg tw6 promi'
nent explorers inùo the new realm. (Sheppard and Herrick
were major contributors to the lilork in Amerlca report
issued by the Department of Health, Education and Wel'r
fare.) Through calculations based on responses to an ex'
tensive questionaire they demonstrate in their book that
. l T oercent of all bltle collar workers express negative at'
-titudes toward life. (See Appendix A, Table lJ They
generally prove the obvious and state it in awkward prose.
'Îhe main point," they write at one juncfure, "is that
regardless ót wnêtner we ask.the indirect or direct kindl
oflquestiOns designed to tap favorable,or unfavorable orien'
tations of workers toward their iob, they will tend to be
the workers have of the intrins'rr
related to the rat¡ngs
-tasks."
This íi-one way of'saying that
nature of theii job
the kind of job held determinçs a great deal of a worker's
feeling toward it. Those with more menial jobs.were consistently more dissatisfied than those with more autonomous
and complex ones. Also, Sheppard and Herrick reveal that
those with lower pay are more unhappy than fhose with
higher pay; {hát bla¿k; âre more disiontent than whites
and that the new working class generation differs frqm the
older one. These manpower experts are instructive only
insofar as they buttress some contemporary truisms with
book which should be ocstudies. -Sidney Blumenthal

;

dips, and returns again

to you: my

Sea

of Tranquil Waters.

I
Always
driving past the dumP
we see gulls lining the largest hills,
a string of pearls'like wisdom
half way between
the garbage and the sea.

-Toby

Olson

wlN

21

t

Peoplefs

Board

t

I

US COMPLICITY IN SOUTHE,RN AF.

Eüîlti,:"Ei

nvolvêd but llmlted to 20 words.
every lO words.

FED UP WTTH ESTABLISHMENT

I\ATIO1\{

SðIENICBTTT

THERE IS AN ALTERNATIVE

ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON LIV.
lNG. We cover all aspects of Llfe-econom¡c,

RICAN RACISM AND COLONIALISM.
End the news blackout. Read about
People's Movements, US pol¡t¡cal, eco
nomic, mil¡tary ¡nvolvemenL Read
SOUTHERN AFRTCA monthty magazlne,
$s/year. Write for sample, SAC, 244W.
27th stfeet, oept. w, New vork, Ny looll.

cultural, lnterp€rsonal, health, pol¡t¡cs ln
the GREEN REVOLUTION Magaz¡ne. Your
name and addr6s on a postcard gets you a
fr€e sample copy. Send tor SCHOOL OF
LlVlNG, 3959 Shedd Terrace, Culver Clty,
Los Angeles, CA 9O23O.

NOVA TNSTTTUTES-A Week with Dorothy
Day. July 1$22 Votuntown, CT. Energy:
Creating a Nonviolent Perspect¡ve and Alternatives. E.F. Schumacher, resource

style. $5.25 donat¡on. Safe Return, 156
Fifth Avð., New YorK NY 1OOIO.

Amnesty Bracelets (antFwaf answer to
POW cAmpalgn)

persorl. A ugust 26ttÞSeptember 2nd.
Plymouth Un¡on, VT. For more lnformation contact AFSC, 48 lnman St., CanÌ.
bridge, MA 02139. 617-B6rþ3¡gO.

wlth reslster's name. lD

Polit¡cål/peace enthus¡ast, mllitary counselor (exporlence unngcessary), counterrecruiter. Subslstence salary. Frlênds Psace
Center, 4836 Ellsworth Plttsburgh, pA

Do you bel¡eve that a slmpllf¡ed tifestyle ¡s
a crucial ecological and polltical witness ln
our t¡me? Would you like to be tra¡necl to

I 52 13.

A JOB. WHY CAN'T YOU QUIT?''
New Mllltary Countorrecrultmont Leaflet.
ava.¡lable fr_om AFSC, 4O7 S. Oearborn;

help others examine thelr l¡festyles? A
Tralning Workshop is slated for Nov. +8,
1974. Wf¡te,Churchmouse,l 47 19 Cedat I
Phila, PA 19143.

Ch¡cago, 6061¿L

ATTENTION! All noÞunlon wage earners
lntefosted ln becomlng unionized--please'
contact us. We'rê America's most mllitant
and democratic labor unlon. Thls ls \/OUR
unlor! THE INDUSTRTALWORKERS OF
TH.E WORLD, 7S2 WestWebster Avonue,

IMPEACH THE (êxptetive deteted)!,' Ìsh¡rÈ Guilty red on whltewash grey. State
s¡ze. Send $3.5O to: WILLOPUS, Box
3961, Rochester, New York, 14610.

Ch¡cago,

New Midwest research inst¡tute seeks uÞ
self¡sh, soc¡alllaconsclous, nol}careerlst

ll- 60614,

Free catâlog of WOMEN'S LIBERATION
books, p_amphlets and postersr trom Tlmes
cfiange Press, Penwell-WN, Wàshlngton, NJ

MA-PhD econom¡sts, pbl¡tical-scientists, etc, who can get grants or ralse f unds S€mlscholarly studies on waf.peace reconvers¡on
etc. Read Gross and Osterman ,¡The Now
Prof ess¡ona ts" pp 3777. M idwest I nsiltute,
1206 N 6th St, 43201.

07882.

.

NEWSLETTER for folks lntêrested in low
income folkts strugglgs for day care and
othor needs. I lssues S2.OO. ECERTP, 652

German paciflst/socialist needs caÍ for
speaklng/meetlng tour of US, July 20 to
Sept, Loan or buy up to $3OO. To toan or
sell a car or arrange a meet¡ng, contact
Bradford Lyttlg 339 Lafayette St., NyC
toot2, l2t2l 777-5560.

South East St, Holyokg MA O1O4O.

Alkido woman wantod. Objecü to get hlgh
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Discussion wlth Faggot and Dyke Anarchlsts
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9o_T9l-ul_tly press, 13 E tTth St.,'NyC

Carey Mellüilliams

67+3043

EID

ttt

a

re not asking you
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to leok. Okay?
ïtlrite to
hle t

slilGLE

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ililru

tot

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nct( ilr0t our

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ltt

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ruru- üs0 üAT¡oilrl ffHcE - t 27 vl.llEtI.P0Rr- clllctc0 - 60657

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the cur¡ent trends in science.
It argues that science is inevitably political, and in the context of coritempòrary U.S. corporate capitalism, that it largely
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or]. kp,
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Title

Win Magazine Volume 10 Number 23

Date

1974-06-27