Win Magazine Volume 9 Number 33

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November 8, 1973120i.

NOAM CHOMSKY ON THE MIDDLE EAST
PASSPORTS AND THE LOYALTY

LIVING WITHOUT THE ICEBERG
THE GRAPE tsOYCOTT

PEACE AND FREEDOM THRU NONVIOLENT ACTION
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It's an all right thing to ilo. But soire of
us feel.our building of connections with
'the Américan people takes frst priority,
and not on the basis of another project
we initiate outside of their liveq then

measurc of dignity in recent yea¡s, however,
onlf because some people have asserted
their (our) gayness. We have done this not

to unàermiñgour total human qualities, but
to nurtu¡e them against great odds, I re
spect David McReynolds for his many intèlligent writings-I remember in particular
a piece in the Village Voice mocking New
" Iæftßts for the fashionable praise of North

taking it to their lives, knowing they do
not see it as the primary issue but trying
to convince them it is. Capitalism will
not be overthropn because of impeach:
ment, only tl¡e people will do that, and
that is why we have to be with the

Ko¡ea- and I feel he ihouldn't be.so hes'
itant to express his views'and experiences as'

people.
Maybe if that's where we really ws¡s,
impeachment would spring from themwith some help from us perhaps-and
an authentically popular issue. But,.
failing those roots and that kind of
development, impeachment as I hear'

ågay
.:

. ln Sept, l3th isue you were kind enough
to'print my letter requesting much needed

if it doesn't learn you can't

yith thal kind of

Some of us resent

up

violence anymore.

t

it,

::

This is just a brief response to Dave
McReynolds insistence (WIN, 1 0/l 8/7 3)
that the¡e is no bonnection between gayness
and pacifism. I found his remarks unconvincing indeed, and not surprising given his
unfortunate decision all these years to remain
aloof from the êntire proçess of thinking
about the social consequénces of gay liberation.
It has been argued frequently and ele
quently by feminists and gay libe¡ationists
that violence and aggression a¡.è linked to

Wall,

Coca Cola s¡gn ¡s ln

Arablc. Photo by Diana

Dav¡es,

LETTERS
Because the piece you ran about Mme.
Thanh in the 1074/7 3 wIN was a ðondensed fact sheet from a longer article, I
-

had written, refe¡ence to the Women's
International League for Peace and F¡eedom
was inadvertently omitted, WILPF of
which Mme, Thanh is a member, has been
the group most active in publicizing Mme,
Thanh's case and whom Mme. Thanh c¡edits for her recent release, Readers may be
interested to know that Mme, Thanh has
written that she has taken part in several
demonstrations in Saigon, though an
attempt has been made on her life, and
she is active in trying to develop a political "third force."
-ANN DAVIDON

Haverford, Pa.

Anne Meeropol died in Florida in Sept.
at the age of65, Under her stage name,
Anne Allen, she had been active for decades
in people's theater groups, especially with
child¡en, and she was constantly involved in
various peace groups, She is suwived by her
husband and friend Abel Meeropol, who
used the pèn name Lewis Allen, His works
include "Strange Fruit" (made famous by
Billie Holliday) and such Old Left classics as
"The House I Live In." Anne and Abel
Meeropol adopted the children of Julius and
Ethel Rosenbe¡g shortly after their execu-

we have to iudge our actions on things
tion in June 1953; overcoming an énvironother than that), we must drop what wê
ment of hatred and fea¡ they provided a
are doing, or, since that is no longer in
home filled with love and affection and
vogue in the movement, devote "l/3 of my
growth for Michael and Robert. Michael and time, no more, no less, to force Nixon
Robert mourn the death of their adopted
out.'1 That kind of shit which determother as they simultaneously seek to in'
mines a movement's existence or noninform Americans of the cruèl Ame¡ica¡
existence according to whether or not
justice which took theL pårents away from
the ideas and pôlitics of one man are
them tìilo decades ago. ALLEN YOUNG being followed. I've heard that too
Westwood, Mass.

I would like to comment on the
"Letter to the Movement" of Arthur
Waskow's in the Oct,5 issue of WIN.

His argument logically puts forward in
eight point style the reasons why we all
should now be working on the latest
crisis, this on the The Presidency, The
war is "over", now move on to the next
one. After putting forward a proposal
for "Think-ins"-how relevant are they
to the working class or the poor, Arthur?-

he closes with these lines: "In the
greatest Constitutional crisis (sic!) since

the Civil War and the greatest economic
crisis since the Crash, does it really make
sense for the Left to disappear? Unless it
doesn't exist."
I thought we had moved beyond
that kind ofshit, whe¡e, because ofa
crisis (when are we going to realize that
every day capitalism exists is a crisis, and

many times befoie to let it slide again,
There is a Left, Arthur, and it isn't
disappearing. Indeed, there is a læft
which has come to see a gfeat deal that,
unfortunately, I don't believe you have
seen. Like the need to base one's actions
on the qeeds of oppressed people one is

living with o¡ close to, like the need to
spend some time listening to, learning
from, serving the workers, tvomen, the nonwhite-most especially those of us middle-class, intellectual, male white. This
does not mean that we are not active,
but it does mean that we don't try to
guilty-trip people into doing whai we
feel is right, hitting them over the head
with our (false) feelings that the Left
"doesn't exist", our divorced-from-thepeople, intellectual calculations of what
is most important. Let's learn to listen
and to be sensitive ¿nd be wary of THE
TSSUE, THE LEADER, THE MOST IM.
PORTANT CAUSE FOR THE MOMENT.
If you're into impeachment, fine.

culturally-approved àçects of maiculine
(manly) behavior. Of course, women can
be violent and aggressive, as can drag queens,
but I believe that McReynolds proves my
'
.. p.oint (not his) when he tells us how.Sylvia,
the drag queen, asserted her Manhood at
the very moméht'of battle.
. Gay men can.be quite inasculine in
many ways, yet gay liberation has in its
best-moments trled to avoid affirmation of
masculinity and support the affi¡mation of ii
what are usually considered feminine features (the receptive, listening personality;
the ability to weep; etc.) To the extent,
then, that gay men are considered womanly,
or are in fact womanly, the avoidance of the
violent/aggressive aspects of the male personality-which is something that marks the
pacifist-creates a link between gay liberation and pacifism. That was my point.
Of course straight men can be pacifists, .
too, but in choosing pacifism they choose
a "feminine" path, which is precisely why
mass culture calls pacifists "queer."
Straight men also can choose violin playing
or sculpting or fashion design, but in the
mass culture they risk beiirg called sissies
and f4iries regardless of their sexual choice.
Much of the way I see this is a personal
expression. When I was in the closet and
concprned about appearing straight, I enthusiastically supported the call for "armed
struggle," Now that I am an open faggot,
consorting with other faggots, I am flirting
with pacifism, I feel that there is a connection.
I can certainly agree with David McReynolds that people should not be judged in
terms of their sexual orientation, While on
.some level it has been liberating fo¡ me to
take on the label "gay" with pride, it is
very much of a drag constantly bearing the
label, like any label, and often I prefer to
shed it. Gay people have attained some

Prospects
:' Graþe

N.Y. 11370

.

Ha|awa......... .. ... ..

.8

Robert Aldridge.

Dovi-d

lloodword

.1

0

11¡

MçReynolds

...ar j......12
,,,..,.'14

Changes.
Reviews:

conditions/brutalization/etc. explodes in the
wa9 left to us; riots, protest and such, which

you.

.....6

LivingWithout the lceberg. . . . . . . . ., 1i

minority of minorities: seldom
tbought of until our suppression/unnatural

Thank

SolitaryAt

Beverly

We are a

..:

.-...-:..

Passports and the Loyalty Oath. . . . . .

tion rates.

.

4

Bob Levering

Thank you, brothers/sisters for making
your paper available to me and other incar,i,,
cerated peoples unable to afford subscrip- '

usually results in qonditions being made
even worse for us.
L¿tely and mostly thru alternative media,
there ha¡.been more chance for us to reach
out and make some of the public aware.

....,...

Boycott: From the Fields to

theCities.'.

l2-l2HazenSt.

East Elmhurst,

lX, Numper 33

forthe Middle,East.
Noom Chomsky

Hopefully you will include my new address otherwiæ those decent enough to
respond to my appeal will have their letters retumed to them, and perhaps believe a
prisoner played some sort.of a ioke upon
yodr readers! Thank you-again! !
JAMES FISHER (1AI3)

*",h1u#"15:å

Hassidim enroute to the Wail¡ng

November 8., 1973 Vol.

helpf.

Arthui talking a6out it is littleãore
than more of the same. The Left will

organize by forcing your ideas or
analysis onto anyone. Lets not put

YOUNG
-ALLEN
.Westwood, Mass.

be

disappear

pe$on.

.

:

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Cover: Photo by Diana Davies

R. LUCKY LUSK
Stillwater, Mn.

STAFF
maris cakars, editor
susan cakars, staff
marty jezer, ed¡torlal assistant
nancy johnson, derlgn

{<

.'

mary mayo, subscriptions

susan pines, composition

Scanning the club's T.V.
one weak flick iolts ,

two lovers-

click!

FELLOW TRAVELERS

an arena.

Ehraged, the matador
sho*ves

toward me, the b ull

knows

it will die-

...;
i :,.

,

lance belville + lynne coffin + diana dàviës
ruth dear + ralph digia + paul enclmer + chuck
fager + seth foldy + jim forest + mike franich
fritz + larry.gara + nell haworth + becky
' "eah
J-ohnson + paul johnson + allison karpel + cra¡g
carpel'+ cindy kênt + peter k¡ger + alex knopp

john kyper + dôrothy lane + lobin

Oñësnap more
shuts the set :in its darkitess' :
lost, dying, sniffing the knob,
Where is my hand? Both hands
hugging the hug'e shoulders, the crowd
the,rsword unfinished, the couple
all gathered
"where everyone d¡es eÌcept, "l alone
am saved to tell. . ." brjt never ending
how from my hand noth¡ng will be eaten
will leave, will look for another.
Simon Perchik

lðrsen

,.ell¡ot_ l¡nzer + ¡ackson maclow, + jul¡e mass
'dá{q'dimclñfne-lds + gene meehan + mark molris
¡gal roodeilko i wendy schwartz + nlike' stamm
j
martha thomáseS + br¡an wester

box 547 rifton new york
telepho ne

2¿i1

914 339-4585

except for the flrst
two weeks ¡n Jànuary, 2nd weelt in May, last 4

wlN ¡s publlshed weekly

weeks in Auqust, and the last week ¡n Octobêr
by the wlN Publ¡shing Empife with the support
of the War Rosisters League. Subscrlptions are
$7,O0 per year. Second class postage at New

York, N.Y. l0O0l, lndiv¡dual wr¡ters are re
for op¡nions expressed and accuracy
of facts given, Sorry-manuscr¡pts cannot be

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returned unless accompanied by a self-a.ddress€d
stamped envelope. Prlnted in U.S.A.

lsraèl and the Saudi Arabia and Jordan mon4¡chies
as well as ruling groups elsewhere in the region
that might find their power threatened by unpredic'
table radical nationalist currents. The pblicy also
carried serious risks. lsraeli control of occupied
territories was intolerable to Syría and Egypt. The
most serious danger was that the hopelossly reaction'
ary relime of Saudi Arabia might be forced by nationalist pressures to modify its close association with the
United States. As yet, nothing of the sort has hap"
pened, but the risk remains. The US government is
not prepared to see the world's largest oil reserves
slip from the control of American oil companies.

Prospects for the Middle East
BY NOAM CHOMSKY
As I write, a cease-fire has been annouced by the

,rperpo*ért in the Middle East. lf they so desire, it
w¡it aiso be imposed. At first glance, it may seem
that little has cha¡ged as a result of the recent war'

The tentative cease-fire lines are somewhat different
than before, though not in any fundamental way,
and the supôrpower agreement merely reiterates in
vague terms tñe essential content of earlier UN
reölutions. lt remains to be seen whether Sadat's
';öpéi"t¡"n Spark" will indeed, as apparently intended,
tðt n"* forcés in motion in the Arab world and impel
the United States to reassess its policy of de facto
support for permanent lsraeli occupation of the
teirjtories gained in 1967. Earlier efforts by Eeypt
and other Ãrab states to achieve this end had failed,
but it may well be a result of the October fighting.
ir it ulto óossible that there will be a reassessment of
the basic premises of lsraeli policy. At the very
posleast. one .un ¿¡¡içipate thar there will be new
sibilities to discuss ancl debate the central issues,
in the Middle East and in the United.sfates' People
who are concerned with peace and justice should not
let the opportunity pass.
and
lhere is, no doubt, much that is controversial
one
least
At
unclear in the Arab-lsrael conflict.
narrow conclusion seems beyond debate, one that
will come as no surprise to pacifists. Both sides in
the recent conflict have suffered a severe defeat'
Th" buttl" over territories that have been occupied
by the lsraeli military forces since 1967, and other
Arab territory now occupied, leaves the three.states
tlrät were directly engaged battered and bloodied'
Évèn mor" than befoie, they are subiect to the will
of external powers and dominated by reactionary
4 WIN

forces within. ln the short run at least, it is likely
that articulate groups will be still more fìrmly.committed to the belief that only military strength can
ensure that their m¡n¡mâl demands are met' The
domestic consequences of this commitment are
áUuiort. Furthermore, unless other tendencies der
velop or the superpowers impose a-settlem.ent by
forcä, the stage wiil simply be set for another more

uiuiai eoisodã. with stili more

awesome weapons and

i¡'",

"

"
:I

lsraeli urban
conclntrations may not be spared, and the possibility
strike is not insignificant.
åi
- u nr"ttur
Át iot the'Palestinians, thè most tragic victims of
the endless war, their rights and interests are the
concern of none of the contestants' apart trom some
inìont.qu"ntial rhetoric. Whatever short-run settle'
ment is ieached among the combatants-or, more
likely, dictated by the superpowersìn their own interests-ít appears that every organized for.ce in the
region, and the great powers as well, will be more
thän pieased ifthe Palestinian plea for justice is
stilled.
ln material terms, apart from the American
military industry, only the Soviet Union is likely to
gain diiectly from the war. lt apparently inte¡ds to
õxact a substantial flow of Western currency from the
Arab states in payment for military equipment' lf so,
it will be in an'improved position to press its longstanding policy of detente with the United States,
an inter-nätional arrangement in which the USSR is
free to control its imperial domains and suppress
internal dissidence, while adapting itself to the
general requirements of American global.policy' The
ÚS gou"rnm.nt may now reassess its policy of reliance
on liraeli power as a local threat to radical Arab
nationalism. This pol'icy has been, until now, a
qualified success. ln an important sense,-it represents
a point of convergence of the interests of the US and

íiiir'äi.'i"i':äãltiräiiã". Ñò*l

'

,

'

For the moment, it appears that there will be
restrictions on the supply'of oil to the US, bu't the
government, after all, is not primarily in the business
ôf providing services for American consumerSl The
profits of the oil companies are a morg direct coni
cern. lt is not yet clear how they will"be affected
by the measures so far announced. Taking Saudi
Arabian pronouncements at face value, it appears
that Aramco will be faced with a substantial cut'back,
but it remains to beieen how the plans announced
will be implemented. The matter would be still
more serious if Saudi Arabia or the Gulf oil producers
were to expand state control or to shift allegiance
to Japanese or Western European state and corporate
power. Thère is no indication of any suchimoves,
and if they were to t4ke place, this would signal a
major conflict within the capitalist world with
far-reaching and unpredictable consequences.
lsraeli policy, and US support for it, has been
based on the assumption that lsrael is a military
superpower by the standards of the region , and '
that its technological predominance would only
increase. Last J uly, lsraeli General Sharon announced
'that lsrael ryas stronger thah afì), Euròpean'NATO
power and.oould conquer most of the Middle East
and North Af'rica within a Ìveek, if neceslary. lsraeli Generals also assured their countrymen that
there was no need to be concerned ove¡ US military
irópl¡ös, ¡À part, because of the growth of lsrael's
own arms industry, and in part because-as General

Rab'in expressed it-the West is coming to under'
stand that if "some medieval'type rulers really mean
to endanger the oil needs of hundreds of millions of
people in the civilized world, then the West is permitted to take tough steps to prevent this."' The Arab
states seem to see the situation in comparable'tdrms.
Thus the leading paper in Kuwait wrot€ thãt"r'in the
light of Arab military successes, America should
realize that lsrael is no longer a suitable protector
in a region where the level of civilization ii iÍsing."
Within Israel, the dominant Labor Party adopted a
program for the postponed October election that
implied virtual annexation of the occupied territories.
As lsraeli liberals noted, it thus outflanked its
rightest opposition from the right, adopting, in effect,
the Dayan principle that Jews and Arabs can, live together only under lsraeli military occupation.' lt is
ñard to beiieve that this program was adopted without
American backing. Under the prevailing'a5sumptions,
the US policy of support for lsrael and lran, with
Saudi Arabia and Jor:dan tacitly acquiescing, and
Egypt seeking US support, seemed reasonably suc-

cessful.

)

But now the basic premise underlying lsraeli policy
and US support for it has been seriously shaken. To
establish the.validity of this premise, lsrael had to

win a quick and overwhelming vietory. This it
failed to do. lf, in fact, the US government comes
to the conclusion that "lsrael is no longer a suit'
able protector," and if its central interests are adv.rt"iy affectei by current policies, then-the efforts '
of the famous "Zionist lobby" notwithStandihg-US
policy will change. lt is possible that thè ÜS will
now use its power to impose sôme compromlse so'
'iution
among the contending stãtes, perhaps with a'
grant of civil administrative control to Egypt and -'
Jordan in some of the ogcupied territories with a : '
superpower guarantee oï demilitarization. lf the
US decides on such a course, lsrael will have no choice
but to submit, thus reversing its program of creeping
annexation. But even if the US decides to back the
pre-war arrangements, I suspect that there will 'be a
:serious reconsideration of the basis of this policy

within lsrael.

"

ln the short run; the lsraeli hâwks will appear to
victory. But id is hard to

'have won a maior political

it will last. lsrael's policy has been based
onthe belief that security can only.be obtained
'through strength. lmplicit in this policy is the eipectation of repeated military confrontations, in each
of which lsrael is likely to prevail, But lsrael can
believe that

.

lose only once. The policy is plainly suicidal in the
long run, and the need to rely on a single superpower and to accept increasing international isolation
is no less risky from the standpoint of security.
General Sharon's comments, cited above, are only
one of m4ny indi.cations that lsrael was beginning

I

'

'

to iose itsãdvantage in technical rationality, a serious matter. I believe that the growing irrationality
and arrogance within dominant circles in lsrael may
itself be traced to the problem of living with the
etelnal contradiction of a "democratic Jewish

..State" with non-Jewish inhabitants, and since 1967,
with a subject population in territories that were
being gradually assimilated. Such circumstances are
likely io'leâd ultimately to a form of racist ideology
baseð on a concept of historic national mission, wìth
the accompanying belief that the natives are better
off under an external control and are incapable of
"putting it together" on the¡r own. The recent war
may well provide a shock to any such system of

.

belief.
There is, perhaps, an outside possibility that'
lsiaeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs may come to the

realization-that they have common interests. lt can,
I think, be ar$ued that'pursuit of these common in'
tefests, possibly i'n ionflict with other regional or
global powerg, offers the best long-term hope for
survival, as wÞtlâs4or¿ scltl.ement.that will satisfy '
. thp iust dpqpnd of both peoplds. Socialist bi' nàtionàlism in the former Palestine, which might take
various forms, may seem at the moment a dream.
But it seems to me a reasonable long'term goal that
may provide a framework for small though not meaningless immediate actions, a goal ,that is in the best
interests of the people of the region and that at the
same time offers perhaps the only way to avoid the
iagony of new wars and still more bitter defeats. '

3

Noam Chomsky is a professor of linguistics at MIT
ond long-time octivist agoinst the V¡etnam vwr. He
hos contributed mony articles fo fåe New York
Review of Books ond hos written mony books, the
most recent of which is entitled, For Reasons of State.
WIN 5

:

Fnom rhe

fiElds ro

úe ciriss

I

By Bob

and 812173.\
The two deaths were the culmination of a whole
summer of brutal attacks and beatings directed at the
UFW strikers by Teamsters, local sheriffs, strikebreakers, and even the growers themselves. ln the
two weeks prior to J uan de la Cruz's shooting death,
there had been half a dozen shooting incidents with
several strikers bèing wounded. ln this climate of
violence, UFW leaders felt they had no optíon but to
call off the picketing; as Dolores Huerta, UFW vicepresident, declared soon after the deaths, "We just

could not afford to have another picket killed."
To win their contracts back the UFW needs to hurt
grower profits enough to force a settlement. Without
being able to picket the fields and slow down the
harvest by'urging more workers to join their strike,
6 WtN

Photo by

Levenirrrq

"We're here to fight. We're here to win our contracts
back." lsidra Valles Castro was sitting amidst the
clutter of leaflets in the United Farm Workers Union
(UFW) boycott office in Phíladelphia as she explained
why she was there. Less than a month earlier, lsidra
had been standing in the hot California sun every
day while picketing.grape vi¡eyards. She had left
California in early September with some 600 other
grape strikers to bolster the UFW's forces devoted to
convincing consumers not to buy table grapes or
California wines produced by Gallo, Franzia, or White
River Farms. Their picketing of the grape vineyards
was abruptly halted in mid-August after two UFW
strikers were killed in one week. (See WIN 1I 11 173

boycott

the UFW needs to use other means. The consumer
boycott has been the UFW's strongest economic
weapon. Picketing alone, when used in the first UFW
tab.le grape campaign (1965-1970), was not hurting
agribusiness profits enough to preüure the growers
into signing union contracts.
This is a familiar story in farm labor historv. Be-

fore-Cesar Chavez began organizing the UFW á decade
ago, almost all agricuìtural strikes in California and
elsewhere were easily crushed. The strikes were
broken primarily because of the availability of cheap

labor (often illegal Mexican immigrants, or,,wetbacks"). Furthermore, the mammoth size of Califor-

nia ranches has made it possible for strike-breaking
workers to enter, work and. leave without evèr encountering union organizers or picket lines.
The legal and political structure of rural counties
in C3lifornia and elsewhere also works against farm.y_orke¡s. $ UfW tawyer Jerry Cohen sãiA in .¡uty,

"Rural California is like Mississippi. The localiher'iff_s
19t like a private army for the growers." The
validity of Jerry's assertion was proved this summer
when growers obtained court iniunctions restricting
picketing in some instances to one picket every 10õ

feet.

Over 4,000 farmworkers were arrested by the
local sheriffs and imprisoned this summer as a result
of these restrictive court injunctions.
ln, the previous UFW table grape campaign, the UFW

faced similar court injunctions,

violence, anã itre use

of illegal Mexican immigrants to break their strike.

!*

But in 1968, the Union launched a new tactiø-the
consumer boycott. of t¿ble grapes. According to a
recent study,,the primary effect of the first grape
boycott (1968-1970) on the growers was to force
them to ship grapes away from the boycott cities
in the northeast and midwest to rural"areas and the
south. Because of the need to develop new rhlüdlemen,
and costly shipping arrangements, growers suffe¡ed
big losses, Guimarra's vineyârds plone lost about
$650,000 those three yqars. And as a result the UFW
won its grape contracts in 1970, the firs! maior union
contracts covering field workers in US history.
Once the decision was made in mid-August this
summer to move to the citi€s and to try to recçEate
their pievious s_uccess, tþ9 QFW began preparing
hundreds of strikers for the boycott with a sor.t of
military, efficiency that is a sign of the Union's organizational sophistication. Application$rvere Eolicited
from the stiikers, and within a matter of days more
than 500 were chosen to constitute the first wave. To
insure a dedicated, hard-core group, only those with
few possessions or deþts were accepted. Whole
families were encouraged to go, since it was understood that they might have to spend at least two
years on the road.
On August 31, just ten days after the funeral of
Juan de laCruz and the strategy shift, the fìrst group
of 500 strikers left Delano in one cjf the strtngest
caravans ever assembled. A motley assortmerlt of
dozens of old cars, vans and buses pulled away from
the UFW headquarters in Delano and headed out of

California toward cities farther east. Their journey
took them through Albuquerque, where the caravan
split into two parts-the southern lìalf to hit Houdton,
Atlanta, and Miami, the larger group to go through
Denver and Chicago and on to.New Yqrk City.
'"'Strikers were left at each city aldrtg the way, thereby
more than do-ubling the present boycott fgrce. Most
.farrhworkers in the caravan spoke only Spanish, and
had never been outside California before.
The reception given the strikers on their stops
âcross the codntry far exceeded UFW expectations.
More than 2,000 people showed up for rallies in both
St. Louis and Chicago, and thousands more filled New
York's St. Patrick's Cathedral to capacity when Terrance Cardinal Cooke officiated at a mass in honor of
the

strikers.

.

,

þe seriously

,

i'

aii, ,

,

Dolores Huerta recalls that the Union's earlier.cam-

"ln the firstþoy-

cott, the one against Schenley in 1966, they hail to þo
out hitchhiking. We didn't have thç money,t'osend
them. The second group, the table grape boycott,
had to go begging their way across the country. At
least this time we had money for gas and food."
lronically, one big reason for energizing the nationwide boycott of table grapes so quickly was the possibility of an agreement between the UFW and the
Teamsters. No sooner had the first wave of strikers
reached the east coast when, on September 28,"both
unions indicated to the press that they w.Qre close
to signing a iurisdictional agreement. Desþiæ the
fact that at this point nothing has yet been signed,
and there are indications that the Teamsters-may
back out, the mass media's coverage of the event im'
plies that all is solved and an overall settlement of
the grape struggle is in the wings.
Although a "settlement" with the Teamsters would

compromised. ,

.

l

And, in the meanwhile, penåingsettlement with;
the ÍeimstÀrr, ih" boy.oit'of nonlu FW picked'lce-]'
berg lettuce continues. (lceberg lettuce picked by.tbë
UF"W is wrapped in celloþhane or plastic and hai the
UFW Thunderbird prínted on it. lceberg lettuce
with merely a union label, but no ifhunderbird, is
Teamster lettuce and should be boycotted. lf the
UFW-Teamster agreement is ratified, the lettuce boycott Will be suspeìded until 1975. Other kinds of
lettuce-Romaine, Boston, Bibb,. Buttercrunchr.looseleaf and locally grown lettucer etc'-are not being
boycotted).
Now that the fight has shifted to the cities, the
.queition remains whether UFW supporfer's are firëd
of boycotting or will be willing to back the Union
onCe more. And if the boycott does'approach.its
former strength, how successful will it be again'st
the new Nixon/Teamster/grower alliance which
sèems intent on burying Chavez's union altogether.
It's going to be a hard fight, but nothing but optimism is heard in UFW circles these days. One
striking farmwo-¡ker, Jose Gonzales who is now'with
the boycott ori' tohg lsland, N.Y., expresses his
feelings in these terms: '¡l¡'5 not a matter of whether
we'll win. lt's just a matter of time."
Another striker, Frank Ortiz who recently joined
- the UFW's Detroit boycott office, feels that time is on
the.side of the U FW. "We have nothing but time.
lf it takes one, two, three, or 30 years, so what?
The growers on the other hand, have to keep making
money. We never had any money."
With determined strikers like Gonzales and Or{iz¡ 'the UFW shows signs of being willing to fight for
years and years. How long their eventual victory
ryill take will be determined by how much support
they get from their traditional 4llies in the liberal,
student, labor, and religious communities.

j

Although the caravan had a ramshackle
paigns were even more makeshift:

help the U FW by presumably removing the TearÍlsters
Trom the fields, it would not, however, co.nstitute contracts with the growers themselves-the UFW's ultimate objective. Hence, a well publicized agreernent
with the Teamsters could confuse m+ny Chavçz sup- .
porters to the point that, without an active.boycott
machinery, the effort to cut info grape sales yould

'

boycoïT lisr
Graoes
-All Table
*¡lôn
úFw-Þicäeã

.t

ceoeié Lett uce

(lf lt's'botiled ¡n Modesto, california it's
W¡ne), Gallo labels inclu¿f e Paisano, Thunderbird.
Carlo Rosg¡, Eden Rpc, Red Mounta¡n (not to be confused
wlth Almaden Mgunta¡n Red)., Triple Jack, Andre Champagne,

-All

Gallo winès

a Gallo
B

oone's Fa r m, $þä*natla, I y ró1.¡å;.
Ftanzia Brothers w¡ne

ah o. n ¡ p pi e.

-,Tll W!¡te.R¡ver,Farms Wine, ¡ncluding Tavola Rect, Wine.'' ...-All
mäster Gl,¡ld, J. Pierrot, LaBoehme, Cresta Blancâ, Men' docino,
carrett, Alta, CVC, Virq¡nia Dare. Lodi. Oceän
Tres Gra nde,

m perla

[,

oria

Reserve,

-cook's
çriba ri Re!er_ve, !e:in qg D'A rc, Cerem ony,- Versa ¡ I tes,
Saratoga, Guild Blue Ribbon, Sa¡nt Märk. Cttation, Ofd San
Franc¡sco, LaMesa (Safeway's House W¡ne). and Vìnn Gloqq.
Safeway Stores - who's board of direöf ors lnclucte
-All
large grape growers and representatives of other antl-UFW
agribusiness concerns,
Note: Wines you can drlnk include ltalian Swlss Colony
and other wines produced by Heuble¡n; also Chr¡st¡an
Frothers, Paul Masson, Almaden, and all non-California
Wines, especially w¡ne f rom H¡qh Tor Vineyards produced
9p_ray .R_ose,

I

R

.þy pacif¡sts in New York state.

Bob Levering hqs been o nonviolent octivist for many
yeors and has been covering the Colifornio grope

strike for tllN and other publications.

wtN

7

SOLTTARY

p implÌed tlot! Sive.n time, a new respect for low will
be acquired,. But the facts speak ottierw¡sã.Jq¡ls qlnd

ÂT

.

HALAWA
BY ROBERT ALDRIDGE
Guards carried him down the jail wing corridor as he
"Oh Freedom" and put him on complete restriction in the innermost cell-an 8bV 3% foot bare room
with a nitch in the wall for sleeping, no view of the
hallway, no window to the outs¡diän¿ no àl"itr¡"
light- His only possessions were toothbrush, paste,
reading glasses and Bible. Two weeks later he returned
to a regular cell feeling very',energized." Solitude
w.as an enriching spiritual experience of deepening
vision.
sang

. My previous WIN arricle (9127 173) relared how
Jim Albertini was sentenced to a term in Hawàii's
Halawa Jail for refusing to pay a 9500 fine to the
federal government-a fine imposed upon him for nonviolent opposition to US warmaking óolicy by pouring'blood over top secrer files at Hiãkam Áir gus".
Being b,ehind bars has not dampened J im's spirit in
spite of the inhuman conditions of society being reflected and intensifièd in the prison system. He even
feels gratitude toward J udge King for his opportunity
to read and contemplate-a help.in clearing the air of
the ever present demeaning nature ofthings. As the
"temple rules" allow he writes the allotted two page
letter-one side only-to friends and family and engages in rap sessions with other inmates. His sense of
humor holds strong.
But his Albertinian conscience did not long allow
idleness in the presence of jail system corrupt'ron.
Those rap sessions soon took a constructive turn and
a proposed reform measure emerged. First attempts
to work through the John Howard Association representative-a full time social worker paid by ttre ¡ail
system-failed. Next a letter was submitted to Major
Dorr Barrett (note the paramilitary flavor) who is
superintendent of the city-county jail facility.
Excerpts follow:
We woutd like to put before you a constructive
program which we believe con benefit the socíety
at lorge qnd the men ond women confined here.

lühen humqn beings are ptaced in joils or prisons

prisons, as
lhey exist, con do tittle but inirease the

ploblems that caused soclety tu ronrtrrri ihàm
in the
first place, . . .The rodical ,wrongness of thà i¡tuation
here ß that people wvnt tô grow ond learn brt or"

ore not designed,

llith regord to your suggested programs, each ond
every one of thgm have previously been thorofghly'
examine!
ll not only the present administration, but
mony of the preceding ones. llithout going intq
detoils, let me say that there are excellent ieasons
tttot they ore not in effect now, ond that I do not

glven little opportunity to do so. , , .
. As you know, Major Borrett, Halawo Jail has a
chapel but no chopel services, o craft shóp b;l;;
crgfts, o lbrary bat occess is limited, Thbre ore no
classes of any sort to help ¡nmates grow and leqrn
needed skills such as reoding ond writing. prÌsoners re_
quested that you allow Bible study clasles qnd classes
in nonviolence to be conducted by a quolified teacher
in,rnate who voluntéered his servìces, ór¡ ir;;;;i;;'
t!.e request, Prisoners requested evening'use of the
librory for quÌet study and research os sn alternotive
to the distracting noise of the cell blocks, but this
you olso denied, To us, there does not appear to be q
sound bosis for you to deny our request for constructive human growth,
Major Borrett, we respect your personal belief in
decency, but we .cannot respect his jait system thot
you direct, which is rooted in humilÌatinq fellowbeings.in the name of low,ond order. . , ,-Agoin, we
o.ppeat to you os o man of conscience, qs aVecent
humon being, in hope of inspiring aciion to convert
this jail into a workshop of rehabil¡totion. . . lf you
cqnnot see your woy to grqnt our construct¡ve program
, , .;we will pursue these mctters with open non_ ,
violent truth force, Our hope is not to coerce you,
but to c9nvert you through nonvÌolence ana suffeilng.
Nonviolence, as Gandhi once said, is ,,the moral

plon to implement them in the future.
One finol commen4 and îhat with regord to your
paragraph concernÍng your pursuíng these mottçrs
with "open nonvìolent truth force,l'may t rerìind
you thot this type action is respoisible îor your
being our client here in Hatavw Jait.

Ã

equivalent of wor,"

lncluded with the letter was a ten point program
outlined in more detail than I shall record here: extended library use, educational classes and rap sês_

\

,

spoce and t¡me restr¡ctÌons thot the stote places upon

I

us.

. The following words of Thomqs Merton, ,ritt",
in the lost months of his life, seem very appripr¡ate
today for oil of us in ine raóe of suchîtò'øãilor|_
ness:
reoljourney in life is inteiior; it is o' inatter ol-"Our
growth,.deepening, ond of the ever greater
surrender to the creative oction
.of love oid'grace in

our heorts, .Never was it more riecessory
f"íçrito
respond to thot octìng.,
I truly believe that if we engage seçiously in
¡his
reality th.o.t lV.lerton speaks of, oia Uggin tí proCloim
more. publicly- ond concretely in our âaity tiveg tþe
good news of oùr oneness, a tronsformiio tioht.
pfsently unknown, witt begin to shine ølr¡olntti ¡i
the dorkness, "Now is the day of satvatioã." '

Shalom, Jim

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin quotèd Lieutenant
Spríngèr (those military+iöe shrus symbols
agai4), in an.atæmpt to justify the punishment, as saying Albertini "abked permission to send a petition out
and was denied so he smuggled it out and that's an

tlydç

sions using inmates and outside.volunteers as group

leaders, crafts for the craftshop, services in thõ chápel,
improved visiting conditions (pórsonal contact rather '
than, talking through a phone and looking through
chickenwire glass), counseling service, jaiT store
accessibility (prisoners can only order on Sunday and
pick up their merchandise on Thursday-a better
method should be available to obtain needed items
such as toothpäste and soap), greater access to recreational facilities, a Jail lnmate-Aiil of Rights similar
to Oahu Prison's, and installation of additional vending machines for fruit, milk and ice crearn. This
letter.and proposal was signed by 79 of the approximately 100 inmates and ient to Major Barreit via a
guard. After what must have been á cursory consid_
eration the following vague reply was receiíed within

Still workíng within prescribed procJdureslenother
letter was sent to Barrett requesting that Albertíni
and a prisoner representative from each of the other
three cell blocks meet with him to further discuss the
proposal and the.detai{s which were not included in
his rejection letter. No reply was received so the
documents were released to the media as an open
letter.
On the moining of October 4th Major Barrëtt
was contacted for comment by the press. On that
same _morning Albertini was confined to solitary; a
punishment for smugglíng forbidden information out
of jail. J im relates, "l refused to go voluntarily because I believed it was unjust punishment. . . nor did
I have a hearing before being put in solitary." Another
prisoner sat down in the hallway proclaiming he had
a part in the constructive prográm and shouiã also be

they occur. Meanwhile J im relates that your ,"rponrc
to my last article in WIN brought him much hope. He
sends you these ,,words of lovõ', from Halawaïrrnóí;,
These words come to you, my friends, with sincere'
apprecÌation for your prayers and words'of encour_
agement, Daily I om touched
þy the light of Jove and
decency in your lives as I am touched by the'lives of
the men ond women who ore stlugltinf here with nie.
llþile I connot shore the joy of võúr íhis¡iat iîir_''-;
ence because gf.m¿t co{Ìniement, eóai gracó
otwoys'
moRes ¡t possible for the bond of community *"
n our hea.rts to deepen ond overcome the worldtysirarc

confined. His request was granted.

,

two hours:

it

prìson, Jails ore designed to hold people
.qnd a
îor short terms this being the main reoson thqt progroms such os those ot Hawoii State prison (which
lncidentally do not oppeor to be working sò goóa)
o^jail

a7swer to your letter of 9-24-73, let me first
a great diffeíence between

remind you that there is

"The hond oÍ eommunlty makea
Ít possÍhle to ovencome the
l'legitnÍt¡tÍons the state plar;es on yls':'

:¡

infraction. . ." Jim categorically denounðes that

charge, "l was never denied permission to send the'
letter and proposal out to the press." Regarding
the smuggling charge J im sent the documents through
a minister because the jail rule is "You are permitteã
to write to your attorney, clergyman, and the Ombudsman without having your mail inspectedill
Springer also implied other untrue allegatíons thát,
J im did not contact the J ohn Howard Âssociatlòn
representative, did not appeal the non-existent -ì
denial to circulate a petition and did not ask fpr another meeting with Barrett to discuss the'MaJü",s
d.ecision. His description of solitary is also in conflict with what J im reports; claiming ',large and
comfortable" cells eight feet by ten feet with a view
ofthe hallway and grounds through'the lvindow and
the prisoner being allowed any reading material he
desires. Springer does, however, parrot the Major's
excuse for denying the reform program becaus? the
jail only serves short term prisoneri (whatever kiírd"
of rationale that js) but does not explain why the
existing library, craft shop, chapel, store and?ecreational facilities are so restricted as to make them
virtual ly ineffectual.
ln another month J im will be released from jail
and another confrontation with injustice will come
about over.the $250 fine still outstanding. I will try
to keep you abreast of developments in Ëawaii as

...,1

J¡m

Albertin¡ photo by Robert

Atd-rtdge

Robert Aldridge keeps abreast of his friends in Howaii
from his home in Santo Clora, Californiq.
WIN 9

Passports and
the l.oyalty Oath

Livinq wirhouT'rke lcebERq
BY DAVIq McREYNOLDS
David McReynolds is a very good cook, who makes
delicious solads, o'mong other things,

BY BEVERLY WOODWARD
Readers of WIN may remember a little notice in the
August 1972 issue reporting that I had successfully
challenged the government's requirement that an óath
of allegiance be signed as a condition of obtaining a

passport.-Though this victory for freedom ofthought

and beliefand the right to travel was the result ofan
opinion written by one of Nixon's own appirintees on
the federal bench, the government has been unwilling
to let the matter drop. So today (Oct. 18) I had theopportunity to come to Washington and hear my case
reargued at the CourJ of Appeals level.
Two cases were ahead of mine on the docket. One
involved a fellow who had gotten ten years for breaking into an apartment and taking various items incl-uding a TV set. . , .which of course brought thoughts
of Agnew to mind. . . .But I didn't have much timJ
for philosophical reflections. The lawyers only have
1 5 minutes for oral arguments in this kind of appeal
case (most of their arguments are presented in their
written briefs) and the lawyer for the government in
my oase, a Mr. Piatt, was soon called to make his
presentation.

To win this case the government would have to

prove (among other things) that it has a ',compelling
ínterest" in having the oàth, i.e., an interest so weigñty
that it somehow justifies infringing on otherwise constitutionally protected r¡ghts (like the right to travel
and the rightto believe what one will). A ,,com.,
pelling interest" usually means something to do with
national securíty. The government might argue, for
example, that the:oath prevents disloyal citi2ens from
traveling abroad and causing mischief for the U.S.
oveiseas. But sínce the disloyal are likely not to
have scruples about falsely signing such an oath, this
argument is not very convincing. Therefore, the'
government has tried another tack. Referring to a
(not too well-known) doctrine under internat"ional
law that says a person owes a kind of weak and temporary allegiance to a country he or she is visiting, the
government insists the oath is necessary to inform all
citizens thattheir primory allegiance is to the U.S.,
e.g., just in case you might want to join someone
else's army this oath has been helpfully provided to
dissuade you from such foll¡ The governrñent,s
second argument vis-a-vis the constitutional issues is
that signing the oath is a "mere amenity" and that
to be required to do so, therefore, does not ,,impinge
on conscìence or belief,"
The Oxford Universal Eictionary says an amenity
is something having "the quality of being pleasant or
agreeable" and to speak of a mere amenity is to
imply further that what is involved is rather trivial.
It was interesting to learn that the government regards the oath in this way, thqugh

it

seems strange

that they should make such a fuss about something
they regard so lightly. ln any event it is obvious
that their view of what is "pieasant" differs markedly
from my own.
My lawyer, J. Roderick Heller, il1, whose firm is
cooperating with the_ACLU on this casê, did a good
iob, I th¡nk, of pointing out just how fai-fetched the
government's arguments are. After all, most people
have never heard of the doctrine of prímary all"gìanc"
and a perfunctory-signing of the oath is noi likeiy to
inform thqm-any further. lfthe government's purpose rs f.o inform, that can be accomplished
wiihout
extracting promises. There are, as Heller put it, ,,less
offensive ways of meeting the governmenl's iniä¡ests."
There is a good panel of judges in this case (two
.known
"liberals" and a womanludge who is an un_

known quantiry as she comes rrämänðtñ"i ,ir.üíO

and o.u.r side had strong arguments. lf we dontt win.
I shail be surprised. lf we do win, there will be the
sltisfaction not only of having heiped to uphold some
funclamental rights, but of having succeeded against
a rather formidab.le opponent. T=he case, it hàõpens,
has been renamed. Once known as Woodword is,
Rogers, it is now entitled lloodward vs, Kiislnger.
'-7

Beverly lAoodward is a peace researcher ond o mem-

þer of the Notional Committee of the lAor Resisters
League,

NOTICE TO PASSPORT APPLICANTS
UNTIL FURTHE,{ NOTICE, ALL APPLICANTS
FOR A UNITED STATES PÁSSPOCT ÃNr
INFORMED THAT BY ORDER OF I UDGE
THOMAS FLANNERY U.S. DISTRICT COURT
OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMi]IA THE REQUIREMENT THAT AN OATH OF ALLE.
GIANCE BY SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED IS
NO LONGER A PART OF THE PASSPORT
APPLICATION PROCESS ANY APPLICANT
WHO DESIRES MAY STRIKE THE OATH
OF ALLEGIANCE FROM THE APPLICATION
THIS NOTICE IS POSTED TO COMPLY WITH
THE ORDER OF J UDGE FLANNERY DATED
J UNE 30,"t973 tN THE CASE OF
WOODWARD v ROGERS
Not¡ce.Posled by_ the Passport Appltcaflon Wlndow of the Kingt
ston, N.Y. Post Offlce

,

lg*ly around the inside of the howl to squeeze out rhe
,urce and then discarding the garlic clove.
Salqd Dressings

When Americans order a French dressing tþey geta strånge
pink or orange dressing, very thick, with a touch of sugaiin
it and God knows what else. No one in France would recogWIN readers know that Cesa¡ ChaVez has called for a contínnize our "French dressing" as anything they have ever seen ,
uing lettuce boycott. What fhey may not knowis that only
except in nightmares. The secret of a dressing is the simplione type of lettuce is being boycotted-lceberg lettuce. This city of ít. ln the salad bowl itself, or ina small jar, put
a
is the solidly packed head lettuce which is so uñìversal in
good pinch of salt, a grlnding or two of black pepper, a
restaurants and markets. What readers l,tay not know is that
small. pinch of mustard powder (or the hot prepared musof all lettuce, the lceberg variety is the ldast usdfgl in salads.
tard can be used: /¿to/z teaspoon), add one part wine
One effect of the boycoú will be to limit the market for this
vinegar to two or three parts olive,oil. Mix well to blend,
lettuce, long after the boycott is over.
and pour over the salad and then.toss. Additions that are
Good cooks use lceberg for a limited range of dishes. Belegitirilate would include crushed garlic and-any herb or
cause it is crisp, compabt, and shreds easily;r-t is usiful to
spice that will appear in the main course itself-basil, cayenne,
provide a little texture to hamburgers. lt goes well in Mexi.
oregano, dill, etc. ,(notall of these at one time!)
can cooking, where one heaps some shredded letqlce into a
lf, for example, you are having a roast of lám6'with gartaco, and it is almost essential in some Chinese cooking
lic and rosemary seasoning, you cãn powder some rosemary
where a layer of shredded lceberg lettuce acts as a bed for
for the dressing, add a crushed clove.of garlic, and your salad
certain dishes, such as crisp fried chicken brelsts with hot
will then, when served, "eiho'1 the main dish. Because my
lemon sauce.
own tastes run to spices, I generally crush a few seeds of corBut it is the least desirablô of all lettuce for ltraking the
iander well and add them tq the dressing and always use garcommon sàlad-the one place most of us have traditionally r
lic, but these-ã¡.eentirely persòñal öhéic;s, Your dressing-can
encountered it. lt cannot be pulled apart by.hand and
be very personal but it must also be very simple in order not'
broken into bite-size pieces. 'lt must be cut. lt is watery
to overwhelm the delicate buttery flavor of Boston lettuce,
and slightly bitter to the taste withoi¡t having any real fiavor. the
slightly bitter but crunchy Romaine, etc. There are, inOther varieties-Romaine, Boston, Escarole, etc.r are all precidentally, a number of wild greens that go well in salads-as
ferable.
do such gieens as fresh spinach.
With any luck, by the time the boycott is over the market
i
The Secret of A Good Salad
'for lceberg lettuce will have vanished and the American palate will have won a singular victory-along with the farm ' :
The simplest sala'd is the classic French one óf greens tossed
.
workers.
with a light dressing of oíl and vinegar. Fqr this salad you
-David McRoynolds
take two or more varieties of greens, wash¡them carefully to
remove all dirt, discard any bruised or wilted leaves,'roll'the
leaves in a towel or shake them in a colander out your back.
door until they are crisp and dry-a watery salad ís a disaster.
Then break each leaf into pieces and, just befpre serving (not
a half hour before) toss lightly wirh a dressihg. This is ihè
basic salad. There are hundreds of variations,i4cluding tþe
tasty variation-.Caesar salad-that uses only Romaine lettuce
and involves garlic-flavored croutons and,a heatod egg broken over the salad and mixed with it. But iñ none ofthese
variations does lceberg appear. Some better cooÈbooks
simpfy do not list it in their diagrams of greens'dtrat can be.

I

,

ì

used for a salad.

One or two notes on salads. lf you use sliced tomatoes;
add them last,_after you have mixed the salad-their juices'
will make a salad watery if they are mixed.up in it. Fresh
'
mushrooms make a nice garnish if thinly sliced and laid on
top of the salad just before tossing. Salads can be preoared
well ahead of time and placed in the refrigeratolwìth'a cover
to keep them crisp, then brought out whJn needeä_the
French generally serve the salad after the main course to
"cleanse the mouth" for the cheese, dessert anT öoffee.
Americans, of course, begin with salad instead of the more
interesting French openers which range from fresh radishes
to be eaten on buttered bread, or green onions and a hard
boiled egg, or a slice of pate. lf you don't like garlic, don't
uSe it, but if you do, you can either mince or crïsh it and
use it in the dressing itself, or you can throw some salt into
the salad bowl and press the garlic cloves on the salt, rubbins

lRnsí
Malcrlado/LNS

10 WlN

wrN

rr

¡

t

t

'

.
'

4wl

i
¡

I

-

well-known figures from Puerto Rico
who had come to New York to appeal
on behalf of Feliciano, as well as
appeals by the Medical Director and
qx-addicts from the Lincoln Hospital

. . . .Johnny Baranskí (4 of Us) who

dove

in'1971 helped to bloody those

rnhs

program,
"l oetoxtltcatton
F"li"irno is a counselôr,

where
and over 150
letters he had réceived in support, of
the Puerto Rican Nationalist, "some

ON THE BRIGHTER SIDE: The case

of the J ol¡et 5 who bloeked a ïra¡n ï
carrying bornbs for Cambodia has beeri '
:

dismissed. Çongratulations to Bill
Hogan, Fran Flóltzman, Dan. Hail¡ett,
Dolores Robbinil, and Steve Teichner!
. . . . .Two years afte¡ the Mayday mass
arrests, 24 MCH R members will get a

of them from prominent individuals."
Paln¡k

Ch AN
AUSTIN'S NONVIOLENCE FAI R
Austin's first major nonviolence educational event was successfully staged
on Saturday, September 22nd. Over
200 people passed through to see films
on Gandhi, Dolci, the SF to Moscow
Walk for Peace, Chile, the Farm Workers, and the "lnvisible M¡nor¡ty" (on
homosexuals) run throughout the
whole day. There were four sets of
workshops includi¡g very popular discussions with lra Sandperl on the

Still, Fraiman sentenced Feliciano to
jail.
Later that day the Committee to
Defend Carlos Feliciano released the
following

in
and

would stir lots of interest
the Fair was a debäte between lra
someone else the Thursday before on
we

call area code 51 2l 477-6255 or 4599549 or 476-967 4 or 478-5035. Bring
sleeping bags and tents, Community
meals and community child care are
planned.
-wtN.

the subject of nonviolence, civil disobedie nce, or something. We decided
final ly to make the topic "The Military:
Who Naeds lt?i Our first attempt was
to get the head of ROTC. After think- JUNTA INCLUDES GRADUATES
ing it over for two days, they turned us oF u.s. ARMY SCHOOL
down-stating they had nothing to con"The military in Chile, which"took
tribute and were not expert debaters!
over control of that country last month,
Next we tried Walt Rostow (now a
had six graduates of the Ariny School
government professor at the Univerof
the Americas in higher ranks."
relevance of Gandhi and with Kit Bricca sity); he refused on the grounds that
So states Drew Middleton in a New
and Ginetta Sagan on Amn esty lnterhe's said all he wanted to say in his
York
Times feature October 23 about
national; as well as ones on cultur¿l
book. Then we contacted tñe State
the school, located at Fort Gulick in
violence, the Farmworkers, tax resisOffice of Selective Service: No! We
the Panama Canal Zone.
tance, cooperatives, Chile, lndochina,
don't make policy , only carry it out;
"The majority of the graduates are
and so forth. Displays and posters
you'll have to ask someone higher
enlisted men and non-commissioned
scattered around the Methodist Stuup like in the 3ítte Department."
officers. There are 53 Chileans in the
dent Center (which we had rented for
t¡
"But won't they pass the buck all the
present class of 20'l ."
the day) portrayed i nstances of oppres- way up to Kissinger? and besides he
"This year the school is offeri ng
sion, discrimination, and violence in
wouldn't com.e,'l "We just carry out
new courses in urban counteri nsurthis country and the worl d, as well as
policy, sorry." Beginningtcj feel as if.
gency and counterinsurgency tactics.
some nonviolent alternati ves.
no one would take on lra, we got ahold But there is a wide variety of other
Our publicity was extensive. We
of the Army Recruiters-they responded courses ranging from industrial manpassed out 6000 leaflets and numerous
enthusiasticall y; but tempered slightly
agement to brake relining."
balloons; with our newly built silk
when we told them who lra was. "So,
Middleton points out that across
screen, we did 100 two.color posters;
you're bri nging in a professional?!"
Latin America,'170 of the American
lra appeared in several classes at the
The debate went fine, butgrost of the
school's graduates "are heads ofgovUniversity of Texas and St. Edward's 1S0 to 200 ín the audience were
ernments, cabinet mi¡isters, commandUniversity; lra, Ginetta, or Kit appear- stron gly pro-lra and were mainly intering generals, chiefs of staff and direced at least once on 3 TV stati ons, 5
ested in try ing to convert the Army re- tors of intelligence.
The school has
radio stations, and had articles
cruiter wh o was head of recruiting
graduated 20,000 officers and enlisted
them and the Fair in the Campus paper for South Texas a¡d an ex-Green Beret).
men sincè its establishmentin 1949."
(Texan) ,the Rag, and the local above
Hedeman
-Ed
ground paper ( the American-States-Jim Peck
SW CONFERENCE IN
man). A quarter-page ad with a schedNONVIOLENCE
PU ERTO RICAN NATIONALIST
ule of events and several smaller ads ín
SENTENCED
the Texon really hel ped draw peo ple
The third Annual Southwest Conferfrom the University Community.
puerto Rican politica I prisoner Carlos
ence on Nonviolence is planned for
A last min ute showing of the film
Austin, Tx, Friday night through SunFeliciano, 43, was sente nced on Ocday afternoon, November 23rd to 2ith. tober 12 to a maximum of four Years
"2" by Tony larrobino with rhe help
of Lynn Lockhart and Bill Newson
Nonviolent activists from Texas, Okin jail, after havìng been convicted
added interest in Amnesty lnternalahoma, Colorado, New Mexiio, Arifor possesion of explosive matetional partícularly when Ginetta Sagan
zona, and Nevada are expeòted io atnials and related charges. J udge
gave a short rap after each showing of
tend. Regístration is $8 and
Arnold Fraiman pronounced the senthe fil m. This also drew more people be sent to Southwest Conference Qn
tence.
to the Fair
Nonviolence, PO Box 7 1 61 , Austin,
The judge admitted that he was
One of our pre-Fair events which
Tx,78712. F or more i nformation
"deeply impressed" by the presence of

'

about

shóuld

statement:

total of $37,000 from the DC govern-

la

:

same

fìles has also been subpoeiàa.ed and
also plans to refuse ot testify. . . . .,

The sentencing of Carlos Feliciano
to ja¡l t¡me clearly indicates what we
WAreRGATE W,TH A pASSpORT:
have said time and time aeain! ln
i, U.S..policy in Chile WAI !p "cut
this frame-up, in order to"get a con- A jugular. . . force it to starve ecgngmviction, the government is not only
a1d ylch it fall. . . .Chile
ig¡]lV,
not interested in justice, but will
block justice. An appeal is being
it"åiffåì'i'l:}å
:::'å
planned.
the Assn. of Chicago Prielts 9173J. . .
:
-LNS
"!t''?i"#'
l_f you can take it, see "_Vietnam:
"ff

its
is

"'

ment which alsb agreed to nullify
arrest reco¡rds t'as far as legally possible." (Sept. Heblth Rights News).

t

CONGRATULATIONS: ro .t_aura
lfurrì.r
J im Forest on ttró Uirttr
oîit,îir "n¿
ron, Daniel Alfrpd HasslerFo

re

st'

born Se

pt' 1 2-'

. A DTSCONCERTTNG 3lLg¡,¡CE, Rtt"n
Solomonow of ttrã Commitiåà on ¡le*
Question of Torjtlre," Perhaps the. ; Ãlternatives i"'it n¡iOáié É*i lj¡f
,,nì¡i¡ni tñ"
most haunting sight is that of ex-prison- ¡u¡ur.tte, NyC writei:
"
ers dragging their useless legs along the qråìi¡on oJ the,Middle East at peace
Brpylld, the.result of shacking.and meetings säems to lead to ã most disconfìnement in the Con Son tiger
concerting silence." Heãnd Bob Loeb
A

HENRY GETS SOME LAUGHS
BUT HE AIN'T NO JOKE
.When Secretary of State Henry Kissinger delivered his key,note address
the 3500 delègates ofthe Pacem in

to

Terris lll Conference in Washington
on October 8, he was interrupted for
several minutes by laughter'and heck*
ling from the audience.
The disruption was created by five

Washington residents, members of the
. ."Community for Creative Norfviolence; '
who came to the gathering of foreign
policy experts, as they put it, "to laugh

,

cagês.

-r

..AMNESTy INFôRMAT¡9¡
Action Center, P.O. Box 1?0,"n6ÀÀn
Arbor, M-ich., asks: "Do you have
information, fìlms, slides, etc. ava¡lable on the plight of þolders of less-

you
send us data in Ann¡Arbor so we can
answer this questiori from Chicago?. . .
than-honorable dischargçs? Can

âtri":i,Tri''lyïËå;i'1il'Jiltfi

at the ludicrous, if not obscene, spectacle of this man offering the opening '.
David MiReynót¿,
address to a Pacem in Terris Confer- :
ence.tt "Pacem in Terris" means
'
"Peace on Earth."
The demonstrators used laughing

boxes-the kind that can be bought in
any novelty store-to provide the laughter, and distributed leaflets to the
audience before they were escorted
out ofthe Sheraton Park Hotel by
Secret Service agents. At the request
ofthe conference directors, no one
was arrested. "This is a peace conference," they said.
The demonstrators called their

leaflet "Bellum in Terris"-"War on
Earth." ln it they called the recently appointed Secretary of State (who
was to receive the Nobel Peace Prize
later in October) "the architect and
high priest of slaughter," and argued
that Kissinger's connection with peace
was tenuous:

"Henry Kissinger and Pacem in

Terris! How can we do anything but
laugh, in irony and in anger, at such
an illegitimate wedding of two fundamentaliy opposed entities."
-LNS

ii .,ii,l'.'. nfrä

"

don-baseil'fi,lítldlb' East Research and

Action Group, "commitied to struggle'
against the collapse of J udaism into
Zionism and its transformation into

state-worship," vigiled on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur against
oppression of Palestinian Arabs.
(Peocemaker 9129173]r.

partly disabled pulpwood
^o]ï.9q"ouEMENrs:

over;{.Q,

:

cutters

:i,!i:'
i'#;iiîlir;,:f *"mA;î-*F"i,:Jåiiãi?}':',i'ïffi
local pe-ople "just make fun
counciliäys includes
T:ly:t
"li';Ëiio;¡ff of us" they ask for donations or shoit'
'V¡tf.r éqrü fu¡r""" ã"ã'riläi¡i'.;"
-rHE GREAr

DRAFr;o*;
::lT lÅ1¿il'få'rii'3 ñ:ffi?ili;
&
listbf
formed

R.AIDS" is on the clässifieð

GrëäT Atlãntic Radio Conspiracy, -'
27 43-Maryland Ave., Baltimore. "A

tapes úvhich may be had from the

women has been
in NYC and
plans the first conference of gay
.scho:lärs Nov 23-24. (Prof. K.S.

SheriÍll, Box '1479, Hunter College,
'
loosely-organizedcollective of highly, 695 Park Ave.). . .,Frent'e Unido '
**ìMarcha'i\;Wa¡Í.rington
diliiþlined people," Gieat Atlantið
30 de Octodre.
does weekly programspfTadical .
Demands includeþardon for Puertcl "n ..
Rican nationalists imprisoned (still!)
critibism on WSfö-FIri. . . . .At a "
farewell service and dinner in Chicago for 1 950 & "1954 demos. lf you've
Sept. 16, Michãel Cu.llen said lndian seen recent TV ads for a monster
station in the ocean, PR nationalists
friends had offered hím land and
sanqtuary. However, "lf you happen to are contesting the whole plan for
be walking through the lrish country- building refineries on the island which
would consume 1,000,000,000
side, be sure to stop in for a cup of
te¿.'1 . .. .Margaret Anñ Heutassche, gallons of water daily and return to the
jailed for refuslngto testify to the
ocean water 10-200 hotter. ...'.At the
grand jury investigating the May 72
Stickney Treatment Works sludge is
being given away, ,,a benefit of living
Evanston draft board raids, is at
in a 7-million-person effluent society.',
Women's Division of thi: House of
according to Chicago Daily News
Correction, Tier B-4 number
7306894,2600 S. California, Chicago. Beeline columnist.

-Ruth

Dear
WIN I3

1

t

t

REVIE}V

Many men have written of their prison experiences,
but rarely have first-hand accounts by women in prison
been published. While Flynn wrote of Alderson as it was
ten years ago, the slowness with which change occurs in
penal institutions ensures that her observations are still,

Photo from THE PROBLEM OF PRISoNS bv Davld F. Greenberg.
Prison "reform": TV comes to Kinq county Jail' Seattle' 1954'

MY LIFE AS A POLITICAL PRISONER:
THE ALDERSON STORY
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
New World Paperbacks, $2,25.
The idea of going to prison for one's beliefs is a romantic
one, and a public declaration of such a commitment is inspiring. Potential civil disobedients all over the world have
no do-ubt been moved to tears and to action by the words
of great radical leaders, such as Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,

'who said,

"l

wos 0

politicol prisoner and proud of it, at

one with some of the noblest of humanity, who had suffered
for conscience's sake. . .my number 11710 was a badge of

honor."
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was.64 years old when she began
serving a 28 month jail sentence at the Federal Women's
Reformatory at Alderson, West Virginia. She had been
convicted of violating the Smith Act, a catch all statute

created to entrap Community Party functionaries. Like
so many political ,prisoners, she was avictim of her beliefs
and she paid a high price. for the privilege of maintaining
control of her thoughts.
f n" ¡omanticism"of going to prison, howevei, ends at the
gate, and there are no words inspirational enough to con, vince a former inmate that a long iail term is invigorating.
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn's prison stories are particularly
poignant both because of her age, and because the Smith
Acf was eventually declared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court.
14 WIN

to the conditions at Alderson. Gannêtt, another Smith
Act victim, made repeated attempts to contact members
of Congress after her release, only to be told finally that
both the warden and the priest totally denied her allega-.
tions, ond the vwrden ond the priest don't lie.
A review of a book by Elizabeth Gurley Flynn cpul(
not be complete without some comment on the author.
From her early twentieth century "Bread and Roses" days,

Flynn was a consummate radical, always seeking justice
in the ways she believed most appropriate at the time.
Called the 'iRebel Girl" by Joe Hill, she led countless
labor strikes, and served numerous short jail sentences.
While her later commitment to the Communist Party and
its politics seems an incongruous cap to her life's work, I
nevertheless was pleased to know that Flynn was ultimately elected chairwoman of the Party, for it was an honor
l'm sure she coveted and certainly deserved. But it would
have been even more gratifying if she could have lived to
see the abolition of prisons, a goal to which she dedicated
the last years of her life.
Though the theme of many of the stories in this book
are generally familiar to those of us concerned with prisor
conditions,'My Life as a Potitical Prisoner'is an important
book. More than just a diary of prison life, this book reflects the vibrant spirit.of a woman whose beliefs and
actions were among the most influential in the history of
American radical tradition. And it is Elizabeth Gurley
Flynn's whole life, not just her few words on the psycho'
logical freedom of a political prisoner, that have inspiredand will conrinue to inspire-generation
"t_rfi,?ijå; Schwartz
Wendy Schwortz is on the Executive Committee

of

the Wør Resisters League ond a frequent contributer
to these pages.

On Legalizati3l of Marijuana:,

,I

016.

.EDITING, REVISION, REWRITING. from
18

D

..,ìÈ

¡

FJee

lf no $ ¡nvotved but llmlted

ïií";Ioosldr

otherwtse 9t every
,

XMas comingchlldrens wardslneêd toys,
games or any lt6m that mlght þrighten up
a hugo, dank clty hospital.- Alt cõntribufions
gratefulty accepted. Ms. L¡nda M. sheÞhêrd.

569 A L¡nden Btvd,, Brooktyn,

VETERAN
'ETERAN FO R AMNESTY-SUPPORT

AMN ESTY_I SUPPO RT AM NESTY_
bumperst¡ckers $.35, euantitv rates
ava¡lable, VVAW/WSO, 306 West 39th St.,
K.C., MO. 64111.
NO AMNESTY FOR NTXON silckers
18 "X3-"-. s/$r., I o olgr o; I ooo/95o, N.A,
Box
804, Adetphi, Md,

F.

15

a monthly magazlne for splrltual and polltlcal fèvolutlon. Orlginally lnsp¡red by the
act¡ons of the Berflsan Brothers and other
christlan radiøls it now regularly rêports on
manv aspects of the radlcál scene here in
Britaln and abroad-nonvlolencê, antþm¡l¡tary,
communltv actlon, sett¡ng up alternatives,
6tc. slnqle coÞles 30Ésoamail/sOÉairmail or
subscripllon $3.50 seamail/$5.50 alrmail
Roadf
for 12 issues fromr 28 Brundretts
Manchester 21, England. . ._- -

I

(This statement presented to the Nat'l
Mariluana Commission 14 June 1971

by AMORPHIA, The Cannabis Co-op.
Support LeEal¡zation by Using
ACAPULCO GOLD iolling papeis.l

N.,

Bumper Stickors: "ONE TO GO!". 50¿
WfItE BUMPER STICKER' PO BOX 9185.
Panorama PO, Rochester, NY, 14625.

¡
1

t

Communlties: consultation, free lit€rature
llst; Commun¡ty Service, lnc,, Box 243a,
Y€llow Springs, Ohio 45387.
Two Chll€an Un¡verslty siudents are ln need
of jobs here ln New Yoik. lf any WIN readers öan offer them employment or refer
them to someone who cån please contact'
Jonathan Lee, 706E} Carman Hall, Columbla
Unlv€rslty, N.Y,C. 10027,
Small rural communlty, 6 adults & a chlld
age 2 last July. Has vacant house, rundown
but l¡veable, on 560 acre farm. Seeks
couple w¡th chlld/childron about th€ same
agg, Muslclans espec¡ally welcome. For¡
.,.more lnformatlon wrlte Mark, Box 38i Poe,

wv

26683.

Nêthers Communlty School seeking men
wlth pract¡cãl skílls; interest€d in education,
ecoloqy and an êxperlm€ntal v¡llago for
¡nner-c¡ty poor, to join our famillál communlty. Box 41, Woodville, VA 22749,

,,r

THE SOCIALIST TRIBUNE ¡s for buildlng
a non-sectarlan soc¡ållst mov€mont, Thê
only r€qulrement for jolning us ls bel¡ef in
democracy. Send for a froe sample copy.
lOl2 North 3rd Streeti Suite 317; Milwaukee, W¡sconsin 53203.

JOIN ïHE STRUGGLE for justlce for
farm workers, Full:lime and part-tlme help
need€d. UFW, 134 Elmwood ho. 3,
Evanston, I lllnois 60202.
Joe Felmet, member of wRL and FoR, ¡s a
candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives from the Flfth Dlstrlct of North
Carol¡na, He wants sponsers, people who arè
wllllng to have their names on h¡s lettorhead,
lf you llve in the North Carol¡na countlos of
Davldson, Forsyth, Wilkes, Ashe, Alleghany,
Surry or Stokes, please wrlte to h¡m at l83l

W€st F¡rst Street, Wlnston-Salem, N.C, 27104,
25

to

ecohe peace

checks

e peace gfoup,

AVA I LA B L Er
LA R R EQU EST.
"' The dramatic WIN cover of _By,,P._Op_U
Doiiotly'Oay oonfro¡ting the potice on a
Farmworker picket'line near fresno, California. Now a poster 14/z
" with câptioh. Photo by Bob Fitch.

35þach;
,, Ençlosed
Name

1O Tamaques

The Amerlcan Odyssey ls formino tærn¡no
toams now. WORK-STUDY-r nÃVeL
America 15 mos. lot 2 yts. colleqe cre¡it.
A unioue alternat¡ve in higher educatlon.
For môre info wrlte: Amerlcan odvssev.
g6t
Vestat Rd,, Vestat, N.Y. 1358ô.

x

''

11

rêssed and

C. Hyman,
NJ 07090,

,

'¡If Tricia Nixon and Edward Cox '
had smolced_.marijuana beforç the
wedding, Iie might not just hale
kissed her on the cheek"Grass is the ririssing link 6etween image and passion."

somebody who learned the HARD way-at
WlN. Also any kind of carpentry, cabinetJnaking, masonry. adobe construction, rooflrig, plasterlng, dam build¡nq, dltch dlgqing,
horse tralnlng, etc, Super-reasonable rates;
our neods_arêsmall, but pressing. W¡ll consider.any job th,at doesn't requiie leavlng the
Southwest, & it necesslty dicfates and sõnditlons are salubrlous, even some that do.
Wrlte to: Johnson, Somewh€rè in New Moxico, /o WlN,

The CATONSVILLE ROADRUNNER

N,y. 1i2O3,'

FoR AMNEsry-vTETNAM

,

PAUL KRASSNER SPEAKS_

INTEREST FREE LOANS to orsanizations ln need, with¡n 2O0 Ml. radius of Bethlehem, Pa. Money from refused war taxes.
wTR Lif€ Fund, Box 573, Bethlehem, Pa.

¡

The basic'premise upon which all prison rules are
founded is that the inmates are children in need of parental
control. While Flynn makes it clear that some of the
women prison'ers never did mature psychologically beyond
adolescence (and, indeed, some were still chronologically
adolescent also), she points out that given the repressive,:,
absurd rules of the prison structure, and the sometimes
cruel, almost always dictatorial behavior of the guards,
almost all opportunity for growth and rehabilitation is

result of prolonged imprisonment. But, whatever.the reason,
the erratic behavior of the other inmates makes the prison
even more difficult for sensitive women.
experience
'The
major theme of Flynn's book is the futility of the
present penal system. Not only is rehabilitatión a farcical
goal, but attempts to humanize the institution in the hope
of even indirectly influencing the inmates are scoffed at by
the wardens. One of her most touching narrations is the
story of Betty Gannett's futile efforts to draw attention

lets
a

D

unfortunately, accurate.

eliminated.
Flynn's descriptions of her sister prisoners are freque4tly harsh, though nearly always compassionate. Their selfishness, infantilism, and in-prison lesbianism are portrayed
as functions of their incarceration. Because the women
:
are allowed so few material possessions, they attach
proportionate emphasis on acquiring property. Flynn
acknowledges that in some cases it was antisocial character
traits that fot the womén into legal trouble, but says also
that development of such tra¡ts is an almost inevitable

Need doctor and others with health skllls
for commun¡ty-based primary health care
cllri¡c belns organlzed ¡n lthaca, Cilnic will
charEð on allding fee scale. write: Terry
Barkêr, 415 Elm St,, lthacã, New York 14850,

-

Address

for

is

---.

3

for $1.00.

copies of the Dorothy Day poster.

,

-

:

ZIP

WIN

* Box 547 *

Rifton, N.Y. 12471

wtN

15

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A G¡ÍtforYou.

efuS Long%g,

if you subscribe now to

I'

"The livetiest magazine 'on the left"*

I
I

TIL> 6R iver

I

$I¿aIl

TIovû

l
l
t
I

THE 1974 WAR RESISTERS LEAGUE PEACI.

I

.'

it

CALENDAR AND APPOINTMENT.BOOK

ii

Selected by Dolores McAuliffe, and with a special introduction by Dick'Gregory, the 1974 Peace Calendar contains
insights ¡nto the lives, visions and anguish of the lndians

1i

of
- Ñorth America.
Orrü slowly are we becoming aware of the wisdom of
the firit Ameiicans, living as they did with rrespect for the
land. countins the clouds and rivers as aspects of a total

lr

.l:
I
LI

realiiy. presséã now by pollution and smdgj we are willing

it
it

olll

ti

I

to loôk back and learn from those whose land we took

I
*From the,Villago Volce

rl

i

lf

rl
;t

ll

I

I

I
I

i
!

;t

you take this opportqnity to subscríbe toi W¡N for a
send you your choice of .either
of these ¡mportant and haunting books by veterans
of the Metnam war. Published by 1it Casualty Press,
of what we
both books examine the huihan dimension
1

full year (44 issues) wefll

"

did in

Vietnam.

.

'r''

FREE FIRE ZONE is a collection of 24 remarkable
short stories that explore, in the words, of the editors,
"dir'eci violenie and the subtler iöims of cultural rape
and pi,llage." Èublishers price: $2.95.
WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS is a moving collection
of poems written o'out of fire and under fire." Publish.

ers

príce:

$1.95.

by viôlence and f,Bceit.
No chapter in American history is-more sha,iãJul than
the treatment meted out to thê first inhabitants of this land.
There is no.way we can compensate the lndians for the.
betrayal imposed on them. But we can learn from them,
and in the process of learning, we can hopefully find once
more the naturql-path followed so long ago by these, the
nat¡ves of our common land.
The 1974 Peace Calendar contains not only quotes from
lndian writing and statements, but drawings, phtographs

and illustrations.

send

The 1974 Calendar contains:

* a page for every week in the Year
* a facing page with material and illustrations
of nonviolent

the subscription, ju-st send the bgo((s) for their
for:

rzo pagàl 5Vz" x|t/z",wire-bound and flat-opening; the
calendar pages can t¡¡e removed when the year is over,

a bound-voiu.me for your permanent library'
'Ca¡ondar.,þ

a u4igue and inexpensive gift ihat
will,bd in use each ¿af ahT ietiiiinbered the whole vear
The Feace

wrNNtNG HEARTS AND MTNDS,(St.SS¡
the books. Enclosed is $4 for a six month

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WAR

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on fifty years

a listing of .peace organizations and periodicals, American and foreign
blank pages for notes and advance appointments in 1975

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PUBUcATtoN DATE: NovEMBER 1, 1973

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is $7 for a year's subscription. Please
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)"
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RESISTERS TEAGUE

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