Belva Lockwood biographical excerpt

BELVA ANN LOCKWOOD

By

ALLEN C. CLARK








BELVA ANN LOCKWOOD

By

ALLEN C. CLARK

(Read before the Society, February 21, 1933)

Reprinted from
RECORDS
OF
THE CoLUMBIA HIsToRICAL SOCIETY
VOLUME 35-36
1935
re oe Pa

0 EE AE, RE LE ME Tn Ee

BELVA ANN LOCKWOOD

BY
ALLEN C. CLARK

(Read before the Society, February 21, 1933)

The first actress was an innovation; so was the first woman who became

a physician, a lawyer, a preacher. I can remember when the first thought

of either of these three vocations as filled by a woman seemed a little

startling, even to minds not very conservative-—Thomas Wentworth
Higginson. Concerning All of Us. 1892.

Belva Ann Lockwood was born in Royalton, New
York, October 24, 1830. She was the daughter of Lewis
J. and Hannah (Green) Bennett. She graduated from
the Genesee College in 1857. For eleven years she
taught at the Lockport, N. Y., Union School and the
Gainesville, N. Y., Seminary and was proprietor of the
McNall Seminary, N. Y. During the Civil War she was
the president of the Ladies’ Aid Society of Lockport. In
1871 by the Syracuse University she was honored by the
M. A. degree.

When eighteen years of age, November 8, 1848, she
married at Royalton, Uriah H. McNall, a farmer, who
died in 1853. The daughter of this marriage, Lura, was
of her household many years. In a women’s right meet-
ing in this city, October 30, 1869, she gave a history of
her school teaching days, particularly in New York,
‘When she had 600 boys and gals under one roof in one
room without damage to either.”’

‘For more than fifty years, Mrs. Lockwood has been
a daily reader of The Star. She read it even before she
came to Washington in 1866. In fact, Mrs. Lockwood
said today, October 24, 1916, that it was The Star that

205
206 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

persuaded her to come to Washington. She was then a
school teacher. Considering the advisability of moving
to Washington, she appreciated that the best recommen-
dation for any city is found in the principal newspaper
published there, so she read The Star, then a small four-
paged issue, carefully. She has been reading it ever
since.”

Mrs. Lockwood, yet Mrs. McNall, had her first em-
ployment in Washington as an assistant to Miss Mar-
garet Harrover and her sister who advertised in the City
Directory: ‘‘Miss M. J. Harrover’s Young Ladies’
Seminary 13th St. west, bet. Gand H, Washington, D.C.”

In the City Directories for 1867 and 1868 appear B.
McNall wid. Uriah and B..A. McNall, teacher, respec-
tively at 481 9th street. The new numbering is 432. The
building was the Union League Hall and sometimes Tem-
perance Hall. Mrs. Lockwood lived on the third floor
and there taught school for seven years. In the obituary
notice of the late Charles R. Polkinhorn, March 31,
1932, it is stated that he was a pupil of Mrs. Lockwood
in the old Temperance Hall.

Dr. Ezekiel Lockwood, besides being a Doctor of
Divinity, was a Doctor of Dentistry. He was a Chap-
lain of the 2d District of Columbia Volunteer Infantry.
His quarters were in the Washington Building. It is the
same building at the intersection of Pennsylvania Ave-
nue, C Street and 7th Street space. My parents lived
in the same building. It was during the Civil War period.
I was quite young. I can recall fooling around the den-
tal material and I recall Dr. Lockwood, as a spare man
and tall, quite aged yet spry. Dr. Lockwood had a con-
siderable practice drawn by his advertisement in the




Cot. Hist. S0c,,

VoL. 35-36, PLATE 14



BELVA ANN Lockwoop






Belva Ann Lockwood 207

Daily Chronicle, March 27, 1864, “Teeth extracted with-
out pain.” The patrons learned of course too late the
“without pain” referred to the dentist.

Dr. Ezekiel Lockwood and Mrs. Belva A. McNall,
widow, were united in marriage, March 11, 1868. The
dentist gave up his quarters in the Washington Building
and took up quarters with the teacher in the Union
League Building. He became Mrs. Belva A. Lock-
wood’s husband.

In the District of Columbia Mrs. Lockwood was the
original promoter of woman’s suffrage. She gave her
hall for the meetings. It was the third floor. With her
living quarters at the east end the main part was for her
school. The platform was at the west end. The advo-
cates of suffrage or the serious minded on the subject sat
in front and in the body of the hall. The greater part
of those present came to amuse and to be amused and part
of these were from the other halls. The speakers were
interrupted by heckling and the proceedings were dis-
turbed now and then by an article of tinware rolling
down the center aisle or a specimen of the vegetable
kingdom on the same route. Funny scenes, indeed, there
were. The reporters did not overlook them; they had
special talent in ridicule and were quick to detect the
humorous situations. These idealists of the time, the suf-
frage advocates, were fortified with patience; they were
martyrs without seeking credit for their martyrdom.
They endured the abuse in silence. These suffragettes,
a term of derision, were of strong spirit which ridicule
could not swerve. Apropos to them is the quotation from
Tupper’s Proverbial Philosophy:

ae is a weak weapon, when levelled at a strong
mind;

“But common men are cowards, and dread an empty
laugh.”’
208 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

Some of these early advocates were misfits in the hu-
man family. Some of the women were of the strong-
minded that a frail man would fear to face. Some of
the men and some of the women were oddities. However,
the majority, the large majority, had admirable traits and
were distinguished in the community for learning and
attainment. From the initial meeting in Mrs. Lock-
wood’s school to the consummation of the nineteenth
amendment was only fifty-one years—proclaimed August,
1920. It seems incredible in so short a time what was a
jest became a national reality; that these forerunners
should meet with contempt and their followers with re-
spect. |

The initial meeting was held in Dr. Lockwood's quar-
ters. The Star, July 6, 1869:

“Equal Rights Meeting —Female Suffrage——A meet- —
ing was held last evening at room No. 11, Washington
Building, for the purpose of forming an Equal Rights
Association, which was attended by ladies and gentlemen
of both colors. Mr. John H. Crane, president, and Mrs.
J. A. Archibald acted as secretary. The object of the
association is to secure equal rights to all American citi-
zens, without regard to race, color or sex. The meeting
was conversational in its character, and after the constitu-
tion of the American Equal Rights Association had been
read for information, Mr. Crane remarked that there
was a great feeling favorable to the extension of women’s
rights in the minds of intellectual gentlemen throughout
this country and Europe, and he believed that Congress
would favorably consider a petition at the next session
asking for female suffrage.

“Mrs. A. J. Grim said that it was an insult to the
Declaration of Independence to deny the right of suffrage
to females.

“Mr. Crane said most men opposed female suffrage
on the ground that it unsexed them, while at the same
time they would lie in bed and permit their wives to
split wood to get breakfast with.
Belva Ann Lockwood 209

“Tt was stated that President Johnson had been ques-
tioned by a lady member in regard to his views on female
suffrage and replied that he would not veto a bill passed
by Congress having that object in view.

“Mrs. Grifing, Mrs. Archibald, Mrs. O’Brien (white)
and ‘Mrs. Judson (colored) were appointed a committee

to wait upon Senator Wade and tender him the presi-

dency of the association’.”’

From the National Republican of the report of meet-
ing held in the Union League Hall, Saturday, October
23, 1869:

Mrs. Lockwood: “She would not exactly say that
ladies present were there without the knowledge of their
husbands, but one thing she did know the women’s rights
meetings would be better attended and more speeches
made only ‘dunder and blixen’ would be raised the next
morning upon the perusal by a man of his wife’s name
in the paper.”

“Dr. Lockwood took issue with his wife as to the
women being the proper ones to govern. It would be too
sudden a change, but he would risk a few as officers of
the army.’

Dr. William Boyd, who was of a belligerent nature,
was irked by the reports; and of the reporters said
“Their brains were like their lead pencils, fast going
to nothingness.”

At this meeting fifteen were present exclusive of the
stragglers from the halls.

The meetings were regularly weekly. Of the next
meeting to that just noted, i.e. October 30, the reporter
said:

‘Another rally of the friends of wholesale voting was
held Saturday evening at Union League Hall, Dr. Lock-
wood in the chair. The old reliables were slow in com-
210 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

ing up, there being of that class present only Dr. and
Mrs. Lockwood, Mrs. Josephine S. Griffing, Mr. J. B.
Wolff and Miss O’Connor.”’

Of the meeting, November 6. ‘The rest of the audi-
ence being composed of ladies and gentlemen who had
come there evidently more for amusement than instruc-
tion. Mrs. Belva A. McNall Lockwood was in the chair,
as usual, attired in a brown silk, trimmed with white
fringe and bugles. Her hair was ornamented with arti-
ficial white flowers. Mrs. L’s daughter, Miss McNall.
was there too; she now lends her charming presence to
the meetings regularly. She came down the aisle while
the meeting was in progress in company with a lady
friend about the same size and age, both attired in jaunty
hats and red sacks.

‘A. Ward, a law student, read from Blackstone’s com-
mentaries to show that woman is oppressed by the law.
. . . Once or twice he found himself reading something
showing that woman was not so much oppressed after all,
and he closed amid much merriment.

Addressing the chair said Dr. Breed “I move you,
Mrs. President.’ Cries ‘‘Don’t move her; let her sit
still.”’ Mrs. Griffing presided.

The title of the organization was the Universal Fran-
chise Association of the City of Washington. George F.
Needham was the secretary. At a meeting Mrs. Dr.
Mary Walker said: ‘The divine laws from practical
experience, she found very imperfect, and they should be
so modified as to make it easier for a married lady to
disengage herself from a brutish, tyrannical husband.
The ballot box, she said, was the only way to secure the
just rights which females had so long been deprived of.”

The annual National Convention of Women’s Rights
were usually held in Lincoln Hall. The second was held
Belva Ann Lockwood 211
there. The twelfth was held in Carroll Hall. ‘The more

prominent in the cause present at the twelfth convention
are particularly named in the newspaper reports. Mrs.
Dr. Mary Walker and Mrs. Harman in male at-
tire were there. Mrs. Susan B. Anthony is only men-
tioned by name. She was in feature decidedly plain. Her
mind shone with such brilliancy her plainness was over-
looked. Mrs. Mott presided. Of her it said: ‘Lucretia
Mott, who is, perhaps, one of the best known advocates
of the cause of woman’s rights in this country, is in ap-
pearance upwards of eighty years of age, of medium sta-
ture, and was fully attired in Quaker dress, with a light
mole-colored woolen blanket thrown over her shoulders.”
Inadequately is given a description of the superb Mrs.
Stanton. “Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, editor of the
Revolution of New York, is a lady of healthy, fine ap-
pearance, about sixty years of age, with puffy gray hair,
with spectacles close to her eyes and was dressed in black
silk, made in a fashionable old-ladies style, with a blue
velvet bonnet, on which was thrown a black lace veil.”’

Rev. Dr. Edgar H. Gray, Chaplain of the U. S. Sen-
ate, in his prayer, hoped that the time would come when
woman, who was from the rib of man, would assume her
original and civil rights alongside of those of man.”’
This seeming admission by the reverend gentleman of an
inferiority on the part of woman had existed or did ex-
ist, was not overlooked by the nimble minded Mrs. Mott
and was by some in the audience warmly repudiated.

These conventions were attended by Mrs. Isabella
Beecher Hooker, sister of the Rev. Henry Ward
Beecher, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle
Hymn of the Republic, Dr. Susan A. Edson, a medical
practitioner and Mrs. Sarah A. Spencer, educator, of
honorable preéminence in the National Capital.
212 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

By Frank G. Carpenter in The Evening Star, August
26, 1934:

“The place is Lincoln Hall, the occasion the Woman
Rights National Convention. Let me describe the scene.
A large square room, seating several thousand people,
with a stage cut into the back, and audience rising tier
upon tier in amphitheater style from the stage to the rear
and in each of the two side galleries, backed by windows
full of people; and on the stage in front the most noted
woman suffragists of the United States. Not a bad
looking lot either! Miss Susan B. Anthony leads the
convention. In dignified manner she looks proudly over
the thousands of ladies and the hundred men present and
reads a letter from Elizabeth Cady Stanton. While she
is reading let me tell you how she looks.

*K *K K

“After Miss Susan had opened today’s meeting and a
prayer was delivered by the Rev. Florence Kallock, Belva
Lockwood was introduced. You ought to see Belva. A
slim, tight-skinned woman on the shady side of middle-
age, in an elegant blue-black velvet trimmed with old
lace, she looks like a picture of one of the ladies of the
olden times, and she might have stepped out of an old
portrait. She has cheeks and face well powdered and
her silky gray hair is combed over two rolls at the sides
and tied in a knot behind the crown. Belva’s face is be-
ginning to show wrinkles between the eyes, but she has
a pleasant expression and a distingue air. She speaks in
a loud, grim, nasal tone, chopping her sentences into five-
word sentences as she goes along.

Belva Lockwood is the chief woman lawyer in Wash-
ington. She is the first woman ever admitted to practice
before the Supreme Court, and I understand she gets lots
of business. She is 50 years old, strong and healthy, and
she can make 10 miles an hour on her tricycle which she
rides daily to and from business. Today she talked on
woman’s rights in the District of Columbia and made a
fair showing for the temperance work done by her as-
sociates.”’
Belva Ann Lockwood 213

The subject of this sketch was eighteen at the time of
the first woman’s rights convention. It was held at
Seneca Falls, July 19 and 20, 1848, under the leadership
of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a
few others.

Dr. Mary Walker rendered signal service as a nurse
among the wounded in the Civil War. Congress in con-
sequence granted her the privilege of wearing man’s at-
tire. I saw her immediately after that war dressed in a
male suit, somewhat modified; it was, I think, a steel
color. I am sure in after years she always wore black.
She was very small, looked boyish and pinched.

The Doctor advertised as physician and surgeon. In
1877 she had an office at 919 7th St. and for several
years in the neighborhood. In the dictionary to illus-
trate is the quotation “I played a sentence or two at my
butt which I thought very smart, when my ill genius

. suggested to him such a reply as got all the
laughter on his side.” It was always so with Dr. Walker
that those who had the conceit to think they could make
a fool of her had the joke recoil on themselves.

Mrs. Lockwood disapproved of her friend’s man
clothes, so she told me, and she did not approve of ob-
trusive apparel.

Ben: Perley Poore has this reminiscence of President
Arthur’s first New Year’s reception:

‘Brilliant as were the diamonds of Madame de Struve,
the wife of the Russian Minister, and effective as was
the bronze golden silk dress, trimmed with gold beads,
of the wife of Attorney-General Brewster, the ‘observed
of all observers’ was Dr. Mary Walker, who came trip-
ping in with elastic step, shook hands with President
Arthur, and was profusely poetical in wishing him the
compliments of the season. She wore a black broadcloth


214 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

frock coat and pantaloons, carried a high silk hat in her
left hand, while in her right she flourished a slender cane.
After leaving the President, she passed along the line of
ladies who received with him, giving to each a sweeping
bow.” January 1, 1885.

Mrs. Lockwood graduated from the National Uni-
versity Law School in 1873 and in the same year was
admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the
District of Columbia. She and the Doctor lived in 1875
and 1876 at 510 12th Street N.W., and it appears from
the local directory she was a practicing lawyer. In 1877
she was located in the Lockwood Building, 619 F Street.
Here the Doctor died April 23, 1877.

It was in fall of 1878 that Mrs. Lockwood went to
Upper Marlborough, Prince Georges County, Maryland,
to hear the fate on an application made a week previously
to practice in Maryland. I accompanied her. The court
denied the application. He said in his elaboration that
in the statutes of the States the pronouns were masculine
and none feminine; and that her place was in the home
to wait upon the husband and the children. The Court
made no allowance that there might not be either husband
or children. Mrs. Lockwood requested the privilege of
speaking in the court room during the noon recess. The
court granted the request but had the entrance locked. As
silly was the decision so contemptible was this act. Upon
the porch near the court room she addressed the curious
crowd. She mentioned the non-employment of single
women: that she was a widow who had survived two hus-
bands and had reared two families. She illustrated by
stating that in the State of New York following the Civil
War were ten thousand additional widows and to her in-
quiry ‘‘What are to become of them?”’, a man in a happy
Cot. Hirst. Soc... Vou. 35-36, PLATE 16



BELVA ANN Lockwoop
Belva Ann Lockwood 215

state of inebriation promptly exclaimed he would take
three or four of them. Mrs. Lockwood was also ac-
companied by Mrs. Dundore.

With Mrs. Lockwood lived Mrs. Marilla M. Ricker
and Mrs. Lavinia C. Dundore. Mrs. Ricker and Mrs.
Dundore assisted in the practice. So frequently were
the three seen in the Capitol, the Courts and the Depart-
ments they were known as ‘“‘the three graces.” 4

In 1879 she secured the passage of a bill admitting
women to practice in the United States Supreme Court
and to the United States Court of Claims. To both she
was admitted to practice.? She said: “I never stopped
fighting, my cause was the cause of thousands of women.
I drew up a bill admitting women to practice at the bar
of the United States Supreme Court and I had it passed.”

Mrs. Lockwood was in legal practice forty-three years.
She was the attorney in many important cases. She was
attorney of record and associated counsel in the case of
the Eastern and Emigrant Cherokee Indians versus
United States. It was finally determined by the Supreme
Court and the judgment secured was about $5,000,000.
“She was one of the twenty attorneys in the celebrated
Winton case; assisted Boudineaux in the Chippewa case;
figured in important litigation benefiting the Mississippi
Choctaws and was engaged in the defense before the
Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and had
charge of the Gage insanity case, in which she won an
important victory in settling the status of the disease
paranoia and in freeing her client.’’ Her last address in
court was in 1915, then eighty-five years of age, in the
Court of Claims for a settlement of the estate of Gen-



*The Baltimorean, April 5, 1879.
* Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States on
motion of Albert G. Riddle.
216 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

eral John Sevier, first Governor of Tennessee. She had
in charge seven thousand pension claims.

She had oratorical ability and the talent for elabora-
tion. She informed me her success in public speaking
was because she could at the moment tell all she knew.

Mrs. Lockwood was a familiar figure upon the
thoroughfares on a tricycle in her most active period.

In 1873, she secured the passage of a bill to give to
the women employees of the government equal to the men
for the same work; and, in 1875, also from Congress an
appropriation of $50,000 for the payment of bounties
to sailors and marines.

The most striking incident of her career came, in
1884, with nomination by the equal rights party of the
Pacific slope (San Francisco, Cal., August 23) as a candi-
date for the presidency of the United States. Vain as
the action was it was a unique distinction. The nomina-
tion was renewed by the same party meeting in lowa four
years later.

“When the notice of my first nomination came,” Mrs.
Lockwood related “I did not know what to do with it so
I stuck it in my pocket, and kept it a secret for several
days, until I was asked to support Ben Butler for the
presidency.” “I can’t do it,” I answered, “I have a nomi-
nation myself.” The politician appeared skeptical, so
she produced the document, under pledge of secrecy, but
before night it was in the newspapers.” ®

It was during the second candidacy of Mrs. Lockwood
I was on my way to Wheeling, W. Va., in a Baltimore
and Ohio train. Near Wheeling at a station entered a
large man with a fur cap and a hunting suit with a gun in
one hand and a paper in the other. He looked like a
picture of Daniel Boone or Davy Crockett in the books.



* The Evening Star, May 19, 1917.
Belva Ann Lockwood ae

He announced he was going to take a straw vote on the
coming election. It was a material question, or it was so
to me, because of the fierceness of the man and the readi-
ness of the gun. It would have been otherwise if I had
had an inkling of the views of the possessor of the gun.
I was debating should it be Cleveland or Harrison. Two
Roman Catholic priests sitting a few seats in front had
considered their choice. To the vote collector “for
Cleveland or Harrison’ they replied “Lockwood.” This
was a good guide from these good men and I voted for
president of these United States “Mrs. Lockwood.”

The only other political ambition Mrs. Lockwood had

was to be appointed Minister to Brazil by President Gar-
field.

A reporter of The Evening Star called and recorded:

“Mrs. Belva Lockwood is celebrating her eighty-sixth
birthday anniversary today in her home, 304 Indiana
Avenue northwest.

“In spite of her advanced years, Mrs. Lockwood, al-
though retired from active practice of the law, still is
active in public matters. Known throughout the world
since 1889 as a leading worker for international peace,
she is now assisting Robert Goldsmith in preparing a
handbook treatise on the peace movements for the League
to Enforce Peace, furnishing data which she can supply
with more accuracy and authority than any other person
in the world. Her birthday wish is that she can live to
attend the meeting of the league here next May which is
to bring delegates from all the nations of the world.
Only the other day Mrs. Lockwood showed her interest
in national politics by making an address favoring the
reelection of President Wilson, in which she gave seven
reasons why she wants the women of the country to vote
for him, and these have been sent broadcast as campaign
literature.

“By her efforts in the peace movement Mrs. Lockwood
won probably her greatest fame and world-wide recogni-


218 Records of the Columbia Historical Soctety

tion. It was only three years ago, just before the war in
Europe, that Mrs. Lockwood was one of a party of
eighteen sent to Europe with a peace message to the wo-
men of the world. Today she received from The Hague,
from the Central Organization for a Durable Peace, of
which Dr. H. C. Dresselhuys of Holland is president, a
letter asking her advice and cooperation in further de-
velopment of the peace movement.

“She has been a member of the Universal Peace Union
for thirty-six years. For more than a quarter of a cen-
tury she has attended the International Peace Bureau,
at Bern. She attended her first peace congress in 1885
and was seated on the platform at the right hand of
Frederick Passy of Lille, who presided. One of her
notable works has been the compilation of the peace
treaties of the United States.

‘Mrs. Lockwood prepared and had introduced in
Congress the first bill recommending an international
arbitration court, and during Cleveland’s first adminis-
tration, 1886, the State Department sent her to the Con-
gress of Charities and Corrections, in Geneva, Switzer-
land. While on this mission, she visited the Seventh
International Peace Congress in Budapest, the exposition
in commemoration of securing 100 years of freedom by
the Hungarians from the Turks, and the second Inter-
national Woman’s Congress presenting at the latter an
extensive paper on the ‘Civil and Political Life of Women
in the United States.’

“Tater she represented the Universal Peace Union at
the Paris exposition of 1889, and was its delegate to the
International Peace Congress in Paris in 1889 and in
London in 1890. In 1913 she was chairman of a com-
mittee of thirty women from as many states and nations
to formulate the declaration of independence of the Con-
gress of the Women’s Republic. Later she was made
attorney general of the Woman’s Republic, which has an
upper and lower branch of congress and is an educational,
agricultural and commercial body.
Belva Ann Lockwood 219

“For the last few days Mrs. Lockwood’s mail has
been heavy with letters of congratulations and gifts from
her relatives and friends. She has also received congratu-
lations from many persons of prominence. Women in
the government service have not forgotten that it is to
her efforts they owe equal chance with men in the federal
service, and scores of them have remembered her with
visits and flowers on this anniversary.” 4

It can be noticed that she had moved from the Lock-
wood Building. Financial embarrassment overtook her.
She made a brave fight to save her property. An appeal
to the public was made. A pittance given by the many
she had benefited would have saved her home. How-
ever, she had the consciousness of a benevolence crowned
with success that money could not buy. |

Mrs. Lockwood was not strong minded in the unfav-
orable sense. She was truly feminine. She was in har-
mony with the prevailing fashions and stated she did not
approve of odd apparel. She had the traits, all of them,
that make womanhood admired. She was particularly
kind-hearted, sympathetic and generous and these traits
caused her to be imposed upon by those who live on the
industry of others.

Mrs. Lockwood died at 10:30 o’clock in the morning
of May 19, 1917, in the George Washington University
Hospital. She had been in the hospital three weeks.
She had a complication of disease incident to old age.
Her time was 86 years, 6 months and 25 days.

The funeral service was held in the Wesley Chapel
M. E. Church of which Mrs. Lockwood was a member,
Tuesday, May 22d. Rev. D. H. Martin, the pastor, de-
livered the sermon. Of those present were Dr. Anna
Floward Shaw, former President, and at the time, hon-





“The Evening Star, October 24, 1916.
220 Records of the Columbia Historical Society

orary President of the National Woman Suffrage Asso-
ciation; delegations from the Woman’s Bar Association
and Woman’s Press Association (she was past president
of both of these organizations) and fellow women law-
yers. The interment was in the Congressional Cemetery.

The daughter, Lura, married D. Forest Ormes. D.
Forest L. Ormes, grandson, is the direct descendant.

Public Ledger, May 21, 1917.

Betva A. Lockwoop

“Belya A. Lockwood’s whole life was a record of
useful public service, not only for the rights of women,
of which she was a pioneer advocate, but of a host of
other causes to which she brought her great ability, her
well-grounded legal knowledge and her untiring zeal.
Nothing illustrates more strikingly the progress the na-
tion has made in its appreciation of the cause for which
she strove than its changed attitude today toward her
and those who labored with her and that which marked
her candidacy for the presidency in 1884 and 1888.
Thirty years ago, although she had fought and won her
fight for the admission of women practitioners to the bar
of the Supreme Court of the United States and had
justified that victory by her own distinguished successes
in legal practice, she was the butt of the paragraphers
and the cheap political wits of the day. Today the
American people will lay upon her bier their tribute of
respect and admiration, and they will remember her as
one who was not afraid to uphold her convictions as to
right and justice at a time when she was in a pitiful
minority.”

Publications by Mrs. Lockwood in the Library of Con-
gress:

Peace and the Outlook—an American View_.__... 1899

The Hague Arbitration Court, a Supplement to
“Peace and the Outlook” 1901
Belva Ann Lockwood 221

The Central American Peace Congress and an
International Arbitration Court for the Five
Central American Republics. Presented by
her to the 17th International Peace Congress

in Caxton Hall, London, England, July 31,
1908 1908