Swarthmore College Catalogue Supplements, 1918-1919

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
BULLETIN

SECOND CATALOGUE NUMBER

SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA

Printed for the College
1919
Vol. X V I, N o. 4

Sixth M onth, 1919

^
The Bulletin is published quarterly by Swarthmore College, from the
College Office, Swarthmore, Pa.
; . Entered as mail matter o f the second class, in accordance with the
provisions o f the A ct o f Congress o f July 16, 1894.

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
B u l l e t in

SECOND
CATALOGUE NUMBER
F IFTIE TH YE A R
1918-1919

Commencement, 1919
General College Information
Departments and Courses of Instruction

SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA

Printed for the College
Vol. X V I.

N o. 4.

Sixth M onth, 1919

Entered at the Post-Office at Swarthmore, Pa.f as second-class matter

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
1919.
In the S warthmoke College B ulletin for December, 1918,
the description of the courses of instruction was omitted because
of the uncertainty connected with the requirements of the Gov­
ernment covering the courses to be organized for the members
of the Students’ Arm y Training Corps. The demobilization of
the S. A. T. C. was completed late in December, 1918. Thus the
College was able to return to its regular schedule after the
Christmas vacation. This number of the B ulletin includes gen­
eral information concerning the opening of college in September,
1919, and a description of the courses to be offered during the
college year 1919-20.

3

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
47th Annual Commencement, Sixth Month 5th to Sixth Month 9th
1919
The most memorable commencement in Swarthmore’s history
was this of June, 1919. Thè fact that it was a Victory Commence­
ment, with returned soldiers included among the graduates, a
reunion o f alumni exceeding in numbers that of many years, and
a spirit o f pride and rejoicing enveloping the campus— these
things alone would have marked it as unusual. In addition,
however, the return of two of Swarthmore’s most distinguished
sons as the speakers of Commencement week made the occasion
remarkable.
A. Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General of the United States,
delivered the Baccalaureate Sermon on Sunday, June 8, and
W illiam C. Sproul, Governor of the State of Pennsylvania, made
the Commencement address on the day following. The combina­
tion of these two big national figures was an irresistible one, for
the men are life-long friends. While undergraduates at Swarth­
more they were classmates, roommates, fraternity brothers,
members of Phi Beta Kappa together. And since being graduated
from Swarthmore with the Class of 1891 they have maintained
their comradeship in spite of their adherence to opposed political
parties. This made it particularly fitting that the degree of
Doctor of Laws be conferred on both men by Swarthmore Col­
lege at the close of the Commencement program. Attorney Gen­
eral Palmer was presented for his degree by Robert M. Janney,
President of the Board o f Managers ; and Governor Sproul was
presented by Provost Edgar Pahs Smith, of the University of
Pennsylvania.
The festivities of Commencement Week began with the
luncheon given on Thursday, June 5th, to the members of the
class of 1919 by President and Mrs. Swain and Dean Richards.
On Class Day, June 6th, the Senior class presented “ Wash­
ington, the Man W ho Made Us,” a ballad play by Percy MacKaye. The leading rôle was well filled by Drew Pearson. In the
evening the class upset the custom of having presentations made,
5

6

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN

and substituted an uproariously successful history in verse of
1919’s activities, read by Judson Ballard and illustrated by the
class.
Alumni Day, the day following, opened with a business
meeting of the Alumni Association at which the elections for the
ensuing year were as follow s:.
President, T. Jay Sproul, ’09; Vice-Presidents, Samuel D.
Heed, ’07; Joseph H. Willits, ’l l ; Elizabeth B. Oliver, ’13;
Board of Directors to serve for 1919-21, Charles Palmer, ’82;
Charles T. Brown, ’98; David Dwight Rowlands, ’09.
A fter the alumni luncheon Swarthmore was victorious in a
baseball game played with Haverford College. The class play
was repeated, this time in the outdoor auditorium. Supper was
served in the William J. Hall Gymnasium, with ex-Govemor
Charles R. Miller, of Delaware, as toastmaster.
The Baccalaureate Sermon, delivered by Attorney General
Palmer on Sunday morning, June 8, made a deep impression on
the many people who crowded Collection Hall to hear it. And
later in the day Drew Pearson, as Ivy Orator, stirred and in­
spired his audience as few Ivy Orators have done. A tea, given
by the Seniors to their parents, Faculty, and friends, was in­
cluded in the day’s functions; and Baccalaureate Sunday ended
with the last Collection.
Governor Sproul’s Commencement Address on Monday, June
9, was a delightful one on the subject of “ Common Sense.”
During the Commencement program President Swain read the
following announcement:
“ The Committee on the Jubilee Fund at a meeting held Sixth
Month, 6, 1919, unanimously adopted the following r
“ ‘ The conditions arising from the war made it necessary to
discontinue fo r the time being the labors of the Committee to
raise endowment in an amount requisite to ensure the condi­
tional pledge of the General Education Board. The necessities
of the College, as well as good faith with the General Education
Board, demand that the work be taken up as speedily as pos­
sible and carried to a successful conclusion. It is, therefore,
resolved that a committee of five be named to propose a plan
for the early resumption of the campaign, with the idea that the
ultimate sum shall be one million dollars.

FORTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT

. “ ‘ In this connection it is gratifying to announce that the
original W orth Fund of $50,000, given by W . P. and J. S.
Worth, nearly two years ago, with which to begin at a suitable
time a Girls’ Dormitory, has been increased and with accumu­
lated interest amounts to over $100,000. The College is now pre­
pared to start a Girls’ Dormitory as soon as building conditions
will warrant. W ith part of this Jubilee Million, when obtained,
it is expected that there will be erected on the college campus
a memorial building to be used as an auditorium with an in­
scription upon it setting forth a cherished Swarthmore ideal in
recognition of conscientious service for humanity. A full state­
ment in regard to this matter will be made later.’ ”
The announcement o f the award o f Fellowships, Scholarships,
and other college honors for the year was made by President
Swain as follow s:
F ellowships :
Joshua Lippincott Fellowship, Paul Fleming Gemmill, A.B.,
1917. John Lockwood Memorial Fellowship, Esther E. Baldwin,
A.B., 1909. Hannah A. Leedom Fellowship, Paul M. Cuncannon,
A.B., 1915. Lucretia Mott Fellowship, Gladys Amanda Reichard.
Martha E. Tyson Fellowship, Dorothea Gillette, A.B., 1914.
P hi B eta K appa :
The Swarthmore Chapter o f Phi Beta Kappa, an organization
for the recognition of high scholarship, has announced the follow­
ing elections: Elizabeth Neumann Frorer, Phyllis Miki Komori,
Edgar Zavitz Palmer, Andrew Russell Pearson, Margaret Elgar
Powell, Esther Gertrude Taylor, and Charles Henry Yardley, of
the Class of 1919; Marguerite Pendleton Drew and Henrietta
Albert Smith, of the Class of 1920.
S cholarships :
Three scholarships are offered for work done in the College
during the past year. They are of the value of $200 each for
resident and 100 each for non-resident students, and are awarded
in each instance to that member of the respective classes who
shall be promoted without conditions and shall have the best
record of scholarship upon the regular work of the year.
The Deborah Fisher Wharton Scholarship, to a member of the
Junior Class, has been awarded to Marguerite Pendleton Drew.

8

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN

The Samuel J. Underhill Scholarship, to a member of the Soph­
omore Class, has been awarded to Aline Mathieson Woodrow.
The Anson Lapham Scholarship, to a member of the Fresh­
man Class, has been awarded to Campbell Rogers McCullough.
The University of Pennsylvania Scholarship, given by a friend
of Swarthmore College to a student who desires to take work in
any department o f the University, and having the value o f $100,
has been awarded for the year 1919-20 to Russell Conwell
Gourley.
The Western Swarthmore Club offers in conjunction with the
College a competitive honor scholarship o f $450 for one academic
year. This is awarded to a young man o f a western secondary
school, and has been awarded fo r the year 1919-20 to Silas M.
Warner, o f Warsaw, Indiana.
Medal :
The Ivy Medal is given by Owen Moon, Jr., of the Class of
1894. It is placed in the hands of the Faculty without restric­
tion for such disposition as may be deemed best. The Ivy Medal
for this year bears the inscription, “ Character and Scholarship,”
and was awarded to Charles Manly Howell.
S igma T a u :
The National Engineering Fraternity Sigma Tau this year
elected to membership Detlev W u lf Bronk and Howard Mal­
colm Jenkins, of the Class of 1920.
D elta S igma R h o :
A n honorary public speaking organization which was installed
in 1911 and to which students are eligible at the end o f their
Junior year, has elected to membership David Malcolm Hodge,
o f the Class o f 1919.
T he P h oen ix :
Tha Swarthmore College P hoenix has been awarded first
prize in the 'Intercollegiate Newspaper Association competition,
as that college paper in the Middle Atlantic States which best
fulfilled the requirements o f news interest to alumni and student
body, o f circulation to alumni and student body, o f editorial
policy, and o f general make-up and appearance during the col­
lege year 1918-19.

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE CATALOGUE

FIFTIETH YEAR

1918-1919

COLLEGE CALEN DAR
1919— 1920
Sixth Month 10 to Ninth Month 15., .Summer Becess.
Ninth Month 15
. .Examinations for Admission.
Ninth Month 16
, .Examinations for Admission.
Ninth Month 16
,. Matriculation, Registration, and Enrollment in Classes.
Ninth Month 17.
. Examinations for Admission.
Ninth Month 17.
.College Work begins at 8.00 a .m .
Tenth Month 7.
.Meeting of Board of Managers.
Tenth Month 25

.Founders’ Day. College Work sus­
pended for the day.
Eleventh Month 26. ..Fourth-day .. . College Work ends at 1.00 p .m . for
the Thanksgiving Recess.
Twelfth Month 1 .. .. Second-day . . . .College Work resumes at 8.00 a .m .
Twelfth Month 2 .. . . Third-day . . . . .Annual Meeting of Corporation.
Twelfth Month 19.. .. Sixth-day . . . . .College Work ends at 4.00 p .m . for
the Christmas Recess.
First Month 6.
.. Third-day . . . . .College Work resumes at 8.00 a.m .
First Month 26.
.Mid-year Examinations begin.
Second Month 3.
.Registration and Enrollment in Classes
for the Second Semester, 2.00 to
5.00 p .m .
Second Month 3.
. .Third-day . . . . .First Semester ends.
Second Month 4.
.Second Semester begins.
Third Month 9.
Third Month 19.

.. Third-day . . . . .Meeting of Board o f Managers.

Third Month 30.

. .Third-day___ .College Work resumes at 8.00 A.M.

Fifth Month 25.

.Final Examinations begin.
.. Fourth-day . . . .Final Examinations end.
.. Sixth-day t . . . .Meeting o f Board of Managers.
.. Sixth-day . . . . .Class Day.
.. Seventh-day . . .Alumni Day.
.. First-day . . . . . Baccalaureate Day.
.. Second-dav . . . . Commencement.

Sixth Month 2 ..
Sixth Month 4. .
Sixth Month 4. .
Sixth Month 5 ..
Sixth Month 6. .
Sixth Month 7 ..

.College Work ends at 4.00 p .m . for the
Spring Recess.

10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

F orty-seventh A nnual Commencement ..........................

5

College Calendar, 1919-1920.......... ..............................£--------

10

Opening op College, 1919-20........................................ •..........

13

E x p e n s e s .............................................................................
R equirements for A dmission :

13

Examinations for Admission.................................................

16

Admission by Certificate.......................................................

16

Entrance Requirements........................................
Uniform Curriculum tor the F reshman Y ear in the
Courses in A rts ...................... , ..........................................

1<
13

D epartments and Courses of I nstruction :
E n g lis h .....................................................................................

20

Public Speaking.....................................................
Public Speaking Contests and Prizes.................................

22
23

French and Spanish............................................
German Language and Literature.....................................

24
28

Greek and Latin..........................................................
History and International Relations...................................

31
35

Political Science........................................................

37

Economics .....................................................................

39

L a w .......................................................................*................

41

History o f Religion and Philosophy.............................
Psychology and Education................................................ •

43

A rt .........................................................................................

46

B io lo g y .........................................................
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.................................

41

50

U niform C urriculum for the F reshman and Sophomore
Y ears in A pplied Science ...............................................
li

53

12

TABLE OP CONTENTS

Chemical Engineering..........................................

53

Engineering— Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical............

56

Advanced Degrees in Civil, Mechanical, and Electrical
E n gin eerin g..........................................................

64

Mathematics and Astronomy...............................................

74

Physics .....................................; ............................................

78

Physical E

d u c a t i o n ^......................................

80

Physical Education of the M e n ... ......................................

80

Physical Education of the W om en .................................

81

TH E OPENING OF COLLEGE,
1919-20
The fifty-first college year will open on September 16, 1919.
All students are required to be at the College in time to register
and enroll in classs early on Tuesday, September 16. I f train
connections compel an arrival late in the day, students should
arrive on Monday, the 15th.
E X PE N SE S
The charge for board, room and tuition ranges from *$500 to
$600, of which at least $300 is payable in advance. The remainder
is due on the first o f January. The charge varies in accordance
with the size and location of the room. Every student’s bill for
the first payment is mailed before the opening of the college
year, and the student is held responsible for prompt payment in
advance. The bill for the second payment is mailed before the first
of January. Thirty days after each payment is due 5 per cent,
will be added to the amount overdue. In case bills are not paid
before the end of the first semester, students owing such bills
may be excluded from all college exercises for the second
semester. Students withdrawing on or before the end of the first
semester receive no benefit from scholarships, as scholarships
are credited at the beginning of the second semester. All stu­
dents choose rooms according to date of application for admis­
sion. In order to reserve a room in any one o f the dormitories
each student must make a deposit of $10 when the room is chosen.
This sum will be held as a fund to cover breakage or any other
damage to college property, and the loss involved if a student
fails to occupy the room reserved for him. When the amount of
a student’s breakage exceeds $5 the unexpended balance is re­
turned and a new deposit is required.
The necessary furnishings for the rooms in the dormitories are
provided by the college, with the exception of rugs, which are
to be furnished by the students.
*8ee note at bottom of page 14.
13

14

SWABTHMOBE COLLEGE BULLETIN

The tuition fee for non-resident students is *$200 a year, of
which $175 is payable in advance, and the remainder on the first
of January.
Special students who enroll for less than the prescribed num­
ber of hours will be charged according to the number of hours
carried and at the rate of $10 per credit hour.
The charges for room, meals, and tuition are not subject to
remission or deduction under any circumstances. Payments are
to be made by check or draft to the order of S w a b t h m o e e C ol ­
lege , Swarthmore, Pa.
DINING-BOOM BATES

Per college year, $200; per month, $25; per week, $7; single
breakfast or lunch, 30 cents; single dinner (except Sunday),
40 cents; Sunday dinner, 50 cents; dinners per month, $10.50;
lunches per month, $7.50; breakfasts per month, $7.
The college year for instructors and administrative officers
begins with the Saturday preceding Registration Day, and ends
with the Saturday following Commencement Day, but does not
include the Christmas vacation* Instructors and officers who
wish meals before the beginning or after the end of the college
year are expected to make arrangements in advance at the Super­
intendent’s office.
The charge for board and room for instructors and adminis­
trative officers is $300 per year.
The College is closed during the Christmas recess. Students
who desire to remain in Swarthmore or its vicinity at that time
may secure board at moderate charge in homes recommended by
the faculty. Students who desire to remain at the College dur­
ing the spring recess will be charged a proportionate sum for
board.
Students leaving property in any college building during the
summer recess do so at their own risk.
Freshmen are expected to leave the College immediately after
* On account o f increased prices it has been necessary to add $50 to
the charge for board, room and tuition for resident students, and $25 to
the tuition fee for non-resident students for the college year 1919-1920.
Future prices are so uncertain that it is impossible at this time to .fix
definite rates for more than one year.

EXPENSES

15

their last examination is over in the spring in order that their
rooms may he used by Commencement visitors.
Students purchase their own books, which are furnished by the
College at the lowest rates obtainable. They also buy their own
stationery and drawing implements, and pay a reasonable rate
for laundry work done at the College.
A fee of $3 a semester is charged in every laboratory science,
except in Chemistry and Engineering.
The fees in the department of Chemistry and Chemical En­
gineering are as follow s: F or the course in Assaying, no fee, but
students pay for all breakage and all materials used; for the
course in Mineralogy $3 a semester; for all other courses in this
department $10 a semester. In addition to the above-named fees
every student graduating in the department o f Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering is charged $25 in lieu o f fees for appa­
ratus and materials used, in connection with his thesis. This
last named fee is payable at the beginning of the second semester
of the Senior year.
A fee of $5 a semester is charged for each course in wood­
working, forging, and machine practice; a fee of $2 a semester
is charged for each course in field practice and surveying; an
additional fee of $2 is charged for the annual survey.
A deposit of $5 is required for each course in shop work or
founding. This deposit will be retained to cover breakage and
loss of tools or supplies, and, after deduction for such items, the
balance will be refunded upon the completion of the course.
Each student is charged a fee of $1 a semester for the use
of the gymnasium and swimming pools. This amount includes
locker rental.
COURSE IN SH ORTH AN D

I f there are twenty or more girls desiring to take two hours’
instruction in Shorthand per week during the year 1919-20 with
the understanding that no hours of college credit shall be given,
the class will be held from 1 to 2 on Tuesday and Thursday.
A fee of $10 per semester will be charged. Fees are to be paid
in advance at the Superintendent’s Office and no fees will be re­
turned if the student fails to complete the course. Students de­
siring this course should communicate with Miss Harriet E.
Worrell, Secretary to the President.

ADM ISSION
A pplication fok A dmission should be made as early as pos­
sible by letter to the Dean o f the College. Students are not ad­
mitted for a period of less than the current college year, but,
when vacancies exist, students may enter profitably upon the
work of a sufficient number o f courses. A ll applicants must
present satisfactory testimonials o f good character from their
former teachers, and students coming from other colleges must
present certificates of honorable dismissal.
A dmission to the College is granted (1) to candidates who
pass satisfactory examinations covering the entrance require­
ments stated below, pages 17 to 18 j and (2) to those who
present certificates signed by the principals of duly accredited
schools, made out upon forms furnished by the College, affording
sufficient evidence that the entrance requirements have been met.
1. E xaminations for Admission must be taken in June if
possible. Candidates for admission by examination in June are
required to take the examinations of the College Entrance E x­
amination Board. F or those who find it impossible to take exam­
inations in June examinations in all subjects will be held at the
College in September.
2. A dmission by Certificate. Graduates of Friends’ schools
and o f public high schools, approved by the faculty and Instruc­
tion Committee, will be admitted to the College on certificate of
the principal, but are not in every case received without condi­
tion. The faculty admits these students on trial, and reserves
the right to change their classification or to decline to continue
their connection with the college i f they find them to be in­
sufficiently prepared. The privilege o f sending students on cer­
tificate may be withdrawn from any school whose pupils are
found to be deficient. Principals o f other schools who wish to
have students admitted on their recommendation should cor­
respond with the Dean on the subject.
Certificates issued by the College Entrance Examination
Board will be accepted in place o f examinations on the subjects
16

ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS

17

therein certified to as passed. Information may be obtained by
addressing The Secretary of the College Entrance Examination
Board, 431 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y.
Graduation from an acceptable four years’ high school course
or its equivalent is required for admission to the Freshman class
on certificate. A n applicant may offer substitutes for some of
the optional subjects listed below, but in such cases the student
is required to substitute for college electives such work as had
been omitted in preparatory school. Thus there would be no
increase in the number of credit hours required for graduation,
but fewer electives could be included in the four-year college
course.
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS
It is to be carefully noted that the subjects included among
the entrance requirements are rated as strictly as possible ac­
cording to the time that should have been devoted to prepara­
tory work in each.
In regard to a unit of admission requirements, the faculty of
Swarthmore College has approved the following statement, which
has been adopted by the National Conference Committee on
Standards of Colleges and Secondary Schools, the College En­
trance Examination Board, and the Carnegie Foundation for
the Advancement of Teaching:
A unit represents a year’s study in any subject in a secondary
school, constituting approximately a quarter of a full year’s
work.
This statement is designed to afford a standard of measure­
ment for the work done in secondary schools. It takes the fouryear high school course as a basis, and assumes that the length
of the school year is from thirty-six to forty weeks, that a period
is from forty to sixty minutes in length, and that the study is
pursued for four or five periods a week. By this standard a
satisfactory year’s work in any subject cannot be accomplished
under ordinary circumstances in less than one hundred and
twenty sixty-minute hours or their equivalent. Schools organized
on any other than a four-year basis can, nevertheless, estimate
their work in terms of this unit.

18

SWARTHMOKE COLLEGE BULLETIN

The total number of units required on this basis for admis­
sion to Swarthmore College is fourteen and a half.

AURAL AND ORAL TESTS IN FOREIGN MODERN LANGUAGES

In accordance with a resolution adopted in 1908 by the Modern
Language Association o f America and a similar one adopted in
1914 by the Association of Modern Language Teachers of the
Middle States and Maryland, it is recommended that the schools
preparing students for Swarthmore College prescribe adequate
aural and oral tests for all candidates who desire to present a
foreign modern language in satisfaction of requirements for ad­
mission.
G eneral S tatem ent

of

S u bje c ts R

e q u ir e d f o r

E

ntrance

$;
2.
3.
4.

Elementary Algebra . ..........1y2
Plane Geometry ........ ..........1
English ..................... ___ _ .3
2
History .......................

units
unit
units
units

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

2
Elementary French . .
Intermediate French ..........1
Advanced French . . . . ..........1
2
Elementary German .
Intermediate German ........1
Advanced German . . . . ..........1
Greek .......................... ..........3
2
Elementary Latin . . . .
Advanced L a tin ........ .1 or 2
Elementary Spanish . ..........2
Elementary Science . .1 or 2
Solid Geom etry.......... . . . . . . y 2
Trigonometry.............. .......... y2

units '
unit
unit
units
unit
unit
Optional subjects. Of these
units .
enough must be offered to
units
aggregate seven units.
units
units
units
unit
unit

”

Required subjects, seven and
one half units.

UNIFORM CURRICULUM

19

U N IFORM CU RRICU LU M FOR T H E FR E SH M A N Y E A R IN T H E COURSES
IN ARTS
FR E SH M A N YEA R

First Semester
S ee
Page

H ou rs p er W eek
Lab’y

C la s s

__

2
3
3

20
21
75

__ .
__

C r e d it s

3
2
3
3

or
77
3
2

80
T o t a l s ............................

,

__
__
. __

3
3
—

13

—

17

2
3
3

■
__
__
__

3
2
3
3

3
2

__
__
__

3
3
—

13

___:

17

Second Semeeter

21
75
or
77

80

For the courses required in the Freshman and Sophomore
years in Applied Science see pp. 53-54.

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
English
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Harold Clarke Goddard. Edgar White Burrill and
Philip M. Hicks are Assistant Professors, Esther Elizabeth Bald­
win, Raymond Morse Herrick, and Beulah A. Macmillan are
Instructors.
The purpose of the work in English is to impart the ability
to write clear, forceful, idiomatic English, and to arouse and
foster love of good literature. A special effort is made to keep
in view, at all times, the application of the works studied to the
life and problems of the present day.
The requirements and electives in Composition may be seen
below. Of the courses in English Literature, Course 4 fulfills the
prescription in English Literature, and is a prerequisite to all
other courses in English; Courses 8, 10, and 12 are open to all
students who have completed Course 4 ; Courses 6, 7, 9, and 11
are open to all students who have completed six additional hours
elected from Courses 8, 10, and 12, and also with the consent
of the instructor, to Juniors and Seniors whose major subject is
not English; Course 14 is open as stated under that course.
1. Composition. Assistant Professor Burrill, Miss Baldwin, Mr. Herrick,
and Miss Macmillan.
Two hour8 a week throughout the year. Offered annually
Prescribed, in the ^Freshman year, for all candidates for graduation. Short and
long themes and regular conferences throughout the year, together with assigned
collateral reading.

2. Second Year Composition.

Miss Macmillan.

Two hour8 a week throughout the year. Offered annually
Prerequisite, Course 1. This course continues, along more advanced lines, the work
of the Freshman year, emphasis being placed upon expository writing.

3. Narrative Writing. Professor Goddard.
Two hour8 a week throughout the year. Offered annually
Open only to those who have attained a grade of A or B in Courses 1, or 2. The
chief emphasis of this course is on the short story; the analysis of its structure and
practice in writing it. In the second semester some time is devoted to the writing
of one-act plays. (See, also, under Course 14.)

20

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

21

EN G LISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

4. General Introduction to English Literature. Assistant Professor Burrill,
Miss Baldwin, Mr. Herrick, and Miss Macmillan.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
The first semester o f Course 4 is devoted, in the main, to a study of various liter­
ary types.. Representative examples of lyric and narrative poetry, of the drama, novel,
and essay are discussed and criticised in the classroom. The second semester is given
to a rapid' survey of the history of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon to the
Victorian period. A large amount of collateral reading and frequent written reports
are required during both semesters.
Course 4 is prescribed in the Freshman year, for all candidates for graduation, and
is prerequisite to all other courses in English.

6. Chaucer. Professor Goddard.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1920-1921.
After an introductory study of Middle English grammar and phonology, Course 6
is devoted to a careful reading of a number of the Canterbury Tales, several of the
Minor Poems, and the Troilus and Criseyde. Brief selections are read from the works
of Langland and other writers of the period.
Course 6 must be continued throughout the year.

7. The English Drama.

Assistant Professor Burrill.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
Course 7 deals with a selected period or aspect of the English drama. Subject for
1919-20: The Development of the Drama.
Course 7 must be continued throughout the year.

8. Shakespeare.

Mr. Herrick.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
A critical study of several selected plays of Shakespeare and more rapid reading of
the rest of his works.
Course 8 must be continued throughout the year.

9. Prose Fiction. Professor Goddard.
Three hours a week during the first semester. Offered in 1919-20.
Course 9 deals witlj a selected period or aspect of English fiction, or takes up in
more detail the works of a single author.

10. English Poetry.

Assistant Professor Burrill.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
The work o f this course is devoted to the English poets of a selected period, the
emphasis being placed on the interpretation of individual masterpieces rather than on
the study o f literary movements. Subject for 1919-20: Victorian Poetry.
Course 10 must be continued throughout the year.

11. English Prose. Professor Goddard and Miss Macmillan.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
The purpose of Course 11 is to present the development of English thought and of
the social, political, and ethical ideals of the English people, as embodied in the prose
literature of a selected period.
In 1919-20 two courses in English Prose are offered: 11 (a ) Social Ideals in Con­
temporary Prose, by Professor Goddard; and 11 (b ) Victorian Prose, by Miss Mac­
millan.
Course 11 must be continued throughout the year.

SW ARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN

22

12. American Literature. Miss Baldwin.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A survey of the history of American literature, emphasis being placed upon the
nineteenth century and upon leading writers.

14. Special Topics. Professor Goddard.
Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The purpose of Course 14 is to cover periods and topics not fully treated in the
other courses of the department, and to offer, also, opportunity for the detailed study
of selected authors.
Course 14 is conducted on the seminary plan and is intended primarily for Seniors
majoring in English; it is open to others only by special permission. In 1919-20 a
course in Advanced Composition, open to those who have had Course 3, will be offered
in connection with Course 14.

The Philadelphia libraries of particular value in connection
with work in the department of English are the follow ing: the
Library of the University of Pennsylvania; the Philadelphia
Library; the Mercantile Library; the Free Library of Phila­
delphia.
Public Speaking
The instruction in Public Speaking, given by Assistant Pro­
fessor Philip M. Hicks, is designed to develop and train the voice
as an efficient instrument of self expression and literary inter­
pretation, and to give training in the principles and practice of
effective public speaking.
In the belief that frequent practice in speaking is the re­
quisite for the best results, the work is arranged mainly in one
hour courses to meet the needs of students who may desire to
continue this practice throughout their college term.
The classes meet in small sections in order that each student
may receive the personal criticism of the instructor.
15. The Voice.

Assistant Professor Hicks.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The aim of this course is to develop and strengthen the voice according to the
individual needs of the students, to make it a serviceable instrument for speaking and
for the interpretation of literature. Students are required to read and to deliver
memorized selections before the class. Cumnock’s Choice Readings.

16. Interpretation.

Assistant Professor Hicks.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A further study of Uhe expression of literary forms for students who have com­
pleted Course 15. Lyric and dramatic verse, prose drama and narratives are given
special emphasis.

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

23

17. Extempore Speaking. Assistant Professor Hicks.
One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
This course is designed to help students acquire the ability to present their own
ideas clearly and effectively. Representative speeches of business and professional
men are studied, and students present short speeches before the class each week.
Extemporaneous Speaking, Pearson and Hicks.

18. Argument.

Assistant Professor' Hicks.

One hour a week throughout the yea/r. Offered in 1919-20.
This course continues the weekly practice in speaking, but is confined to the field
of informal debate.
Foster’ s Argumentation and Debating furnishes the ground
work for the course and the speeches take the form of discussions of questions of
current interest.

19. Persuasion.

Assistant Professor Hicks.

One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
This course aims to familiarize students with the employment of the various meth­
ods of persuasion used in appealing to an audience. Scott, Psychology of Public
Speaking. Among the topics treated are mental imagery, suggestion, the emotions,
the crowd, and memory. Weekly practice in speaking is continued.

20. History of Oratory.

Assistant Professor Hicks.

One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A survey of- the development and practice of the art of Public Speaking, including
the lives and works of the great masters of oratory, presented in lectures by the
instructor and supplemented by research by the students.
INTERCOLLEGIATE DEBATE

Students enrolling for Intercollegiate Debate may receive from
one to three hours’ credit at the discretion of the instructor, de­
pending upon the quality of the work done. Candidates for the
debate squad, must complete all required reading and attend
weekly practice during the debating season.,
The debates are held under the supervision of the Debate
Board, an undergraduate body including all students who have
represented the college in forensic contests, and the coach of the
debate teams. Teams are chosen to defend both sides of the
question, which is selected soon after the opening of college.
Public Speaking Contests and Prizes
The Swarthmore Chapter of Delta Sigma Rho, the national
honorary forensic society, elects to membership each spring stu­
dents who have done distinguished work in debate and other pub­
lic speaking contests. To be eligible students must have engaged

24

SWARTHMOKE COLLEGE BULLETIN

in forensic activities for two years and must have represented
the college in an intercollegiate contest.
The public speaking contests, which are conducted by the De­
bate Board, are designed to bring out the ability of the students
and to stimulate interest in forensic events.
The Oratorical Contest, open to all students, is held in Janu­
ary to select Swarthmore’s representative for the annual meeting
of the Pennsylvania Oratorical Union, in which contest Lafayette,
Lehigh, Ursinus, Muhlenberg, and Franklin and Marshall colleges
are competitors.
The Delta, Upsilon Prize of $25 is also awarded to the winner
o f the local contest. The sum of $500 has been given to the
College by Owen Moon, Jr., Class of 1894, the interest from
which is to be used for this purpose.
The Ella Frances Bunting Prizes for the Extemporaneous
Speaking Contests are provided by a gift of $1,000 from E. M.
Bunting, of New York. Two prizes of $25 are offered, one con­
tested for by the men and one by the women students.
The Phi Kappa Psi Prizes in oratory, offered by the local
chapter of that Fraternity, are open to competition among pre­
paratory schools. The contest is held at the College annually on
the first Saturday in May.
French and Spanish
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Isabelle Bronk. ®r. Lander MacClintock is Instructor,
Mercedes C. Iribas is Assistant, and Marcelle H. Achard and
Genevieve M. E. L. Tarby are Student Assistants.
The courses of study in French are designed to afford a high
degree of literary culture, as well as to impart thorough train­
ing in the grammar and linguistics of the language. Until the
end of the second year, the authors studied are all selected
from those of modern times, and the greatest attention is given
to colloquial French. The student is then ready to be brought
into contact with the more artificial (rhetorical) forms of . ex­
pression constantly occurring in the higher grades of literature.
The fact that French is a living tongue is kept ever in view.
F or this reason but little English is used in the classroom. Free
composition, dictation, memorizing, and conversation are re-

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

25

quired throughout the courses. Much attention is given to pro­
nunciation, and the relations o f modem French to classical,
popular, and low Latin are brought often before the students.
The course in Spanish is arranged with a view to giving, as
far as possible, a practical knowledge of this language, and also
some idea of the modem literature o f Spain.
From eleven to fourteen courses in French are given each year.
The class in Course 21 is divided into three sections, the class
in Course 22 into four.
Students who are prepared in Elementary French (see page
18) enter Course 22; those who are prepared in Advanced
French (see page 25) enter Courses 23 and 24.
Students who elect French as a major study are required to
complete the work of five full years, or thirty “ hours,” and to
take Course 30.
The first semester’s work in Elementary French and Elemen­
tary Spanish will not be accepted toward a degree unless followed
by the work of the second semester in the same language.
Some of the lists of works studied, as given below, are subject
to a slight modification.
21. Elementary French.

Professor Bronk and Dr. MacClintoek.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
This course is intended for those who begin French in college. Its aim is to enable
the student to read ordinary French with ease, to understand to some extent the lan­
guage when spoken, and to form simple sentences, both oral and written.
Fraser and Squair, French Grammar, Part I. Allen and Schoell, French Life.
Beginner’s Reader.
Open to all students.

22. Reading of Nineteenth Century Prose and Poetry, Grammar, and Composition. Professor Bronk, Dr. MacClintoek, and Mademoiselle
Achard.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
This course is designed to supplement and extend Course 21. Prose composition
and drill upon the essential principles o f the grammar are continued; much attention
is given to idioms and synoynms; the reading becomes more rapid; and French is
made almost exclusively the language of the classroom. A survey is also taken of the
different literary movements which prevailed in France during the nineteenth century,
and of their causes and effects.
Fraser and Squair, French Grammar, Part II. A standard Prose Composition.
Selected works of Balzac, Bazin, Claretie (Vol. V I, Magill’s series), Coppée, Erckmann-Chatrian, Daudet, France (V o l.. I l l , Magill's series), Hugo, Maupassant,
Mérimée, or others.
Prerequisite, Course 21.

26

SWARTH MORE COLLEGE BULLETIN

23. Seventeenth Century History and Literature. Professor Bronk.
Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
This course is conducted mainly in French. Particular attention is given to the
social as well as to the literary tendencies of the time, and the students present
reports upon pertinent topics,, as well as abstracts of the works read.
Lectures on the history and society of the seventeenth century. Corneille, Le Cid
and H orace; Molière, Les Précieuses ridicules and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme ; Racine,
Andromaque and Athalie; La Fontaine, Fables (ed. Hachette).
Prerequisite, Course 22.

24. Advanced Prose Composition.

Dr. MacClintoek.

Two hours a week during the year. Offered annually.
The aim of this course is to give increased facility in the writing and speaking of
the French language, by means of intensive study of chosen models and translation
and paraphrase of English into French. Much free composition is also required.
Frequent conference periods care for the students’ individual needs.
Koren, French Composition; Hill and Smith, Advanced French Composition.

25. Seventeenth Century Prose. Dr. MacClintoek.
Two hours a week during one semester. Offered in 1918-19.
This course is conducted in French. Informal lectures are given and these are
accompanied by discussions o f the w.orks studied, by collateral reading, and by
reports.
Selections from Descartes, Discours de la M éthode; from Pascal, Les Provinciales
and P ensées; from La Rochefoucauld, Maximes; from Bossuet, Oraisons funèbres;
from Madame de Sévigné, L ettres; and from La Bruyère, Les Caractères.
Prerequisites, Courses 23 and 24.

26. Modern French Comedy.

Dr. MacClintoek.

Two hours a week during one semester. Offered in 1919-20.
The masterpieces of about fifteen representative dramatists' are studied, attention
being fixed particularly upon the different manners in which they reflect contem­
porary life. A comparison is also made of their various styles. The work is in
French.

27. Modern France. Dr. MacClintoek.
Two hours a week during one semester. Offered in 1919-20.
This course is intended to acquaint the student with France as that country is to­
day, and especially with its intellectual, artistic, and political life. Modern French
history is outlined, the organization of French society is considered, music and
painting are discussed, and the great social movements studied. Free discussion is
encouraged. The classroom work is mainly in French.

28. Victor Hugo. Professor Bronk.
One hour a week during one semester. Offered in 1919-20.
■A study of his life and works, by means of selected' readings, lectures, and refer­
ence work. The course is given in French.

29. Lyric Poetry and Versification.

Professor Bronk.

One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1918-19.
A study of lyric poetry from Villon to the end of the nineteenth century. An ex­
amination of French verse-structure from its origin to the present. The work is given
in French. Canfield’s Lyrics is used as a textbook and is supplemented by further
reading from the poets studied.
Prerequisite, Courses 28 and 24.

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

27

30. Outline Course in French Literature. Professor Bronk.
Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
This course is designed as a review and extension of the courses in literature
already pursued. Much attention is devoted to the literary monuments of the Old
French period, these being read as far as possible in Modern French translations.
The literature o f the Renaissance is then taken’ up, after which consideration is
given to the movements and tendencies o f later times, the different writers and their
works. The outside reading is both wide and varied. This course is conducted in
French, by means of lectures, collateral reading, reports, and research work. Pellissier, Littératu/re française, is used as a handbook.
Open to advanced students who are able to speak and understand the French
language. Credit for three hours is given.

31. History of the Novel.

Professor Bronk.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1916-19.
The French novel is here considered both in its origins and development and in its
portraiture of life. Morillot’s L e Roman en France depuis 1610 jusqu'à nos jours is
used as a textbook, and about fifteen representative novels are read by the students
outside of the class. The course is conducted in French and on the seminary plan.
Open to advanced students with a fairly good command of French.

32. Balzac.

Professor Bronk.

One hour a week during one semester. Offered in 1919-20.
A survey of the novel in France and a study of Balzac’ s representative works. In
French.

33. Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Professor Bronk.

One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A thorough study of the lives and works of these two writers.

34. Practical Phonetics.

Dr. MacClintock.

One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1917-18.
A study o f ‘ French pronunciation, based upon Matzke’s A Primer of French Pro­
nunciation. This course is especially designed for those preparing to teach French.

35. Elementary French Conversation.

Dr. MacClintock. .

One hour a week throughout 'the year.

36. Advanced French Conversation.

Offered annually.

Mademoiselle Tarby.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.

37. French Conversation and Letter Writing.

Mademoiselle Tarby.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.

3$, Advanced French Reading and Pronunciation. Mademoiselle Achard.
One hour a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.

39. Elementary Spanish. Miss Iribas.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
This course aims to give a knowledge of the essentials of Spanish grammar, the
ability to read ordinary Spanish with ease, and some practice in conversation.
Espinosa and Allen, Elementary Spanish Grammar; Harrison, Spanish Reader;
Tamayo y Bans, Lo P ositivo; Valdés, La Algeria del Capitán Ribot.

28

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN

The French Library is supplied with the treatises and books
of reference necessary to illustrate the courses given. It is en­
riched annually by important additions.
Occasional public lectures are given by Freneh scholars or
men and women of note.
The Cercle Français meets from time to time during the aca­
demic year.

German Language and Literature
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Clara Price Newport. Edna Harriet Richards is In­
structor.
The elementary courses of study in this department are de­
signed primarily to equip the student with a working knowl­
edge o f the German language as a key to the treasures of Ger­
man science, philosophy, and literature, and the more advanced
courses are intended to impart a knowledge of the development
o f German literature and to foster appreciation of its master­
pieces.
In the classroom, translation into English is discontinued as
soon as possible and expressive reading of the German text is
substituted, and German is made the classroom language as
early as possible. The idiomatic sentence and modem colloquial
language form the basis of the work in composition. Reading
and translation at sight are cultivated. The attainment of a
correct literary understanding and of genuine appreciation of
some of the best things in German literature is regarded as the
highest aim.
Other texts may at times he substituted for some of those
indicated.
The first semester’s work in Courses 41, 42, 43, and 49 will
not be accepted toward a degree unless followed by the work of
the second semester.
41. Elementary German. Miss Richards.
Three hours a week throughout the yea/r. Offered annually.
Schrakamp, Ernstes und H eiteres; Yos, Essentials of German; Bacon, Yorwarts;
Leander, Trwumerien; Storm, Im mensee; Baumbach, D er Schwiegersohn. Persistent
training in composition, conversation, and expressive reading.

DEPARTMENTS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

42. Advanced German.

29

Professor Newport.

Three hours a weeh throughout the year. Offered annually.
Review o f grammar, practice in composition, conversation, and expressive reading,
and, principally, reading of some recent short stories, of a representative modern
play, of lyrics and ballads, and of one of Schiller’s and one of Goethe’ s masterpieces.
Prerequisite, Course 41 or equivalent.

43. Lessing—Schiller.

Miss Richards.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
A survey o f the lives and work o f these authors with special attention to Les­
sing’s Minna von Barnhelm, Emilia Galotli, and Nathan der Weise, Die Erziehung
des Menschengesehlechts, and to Schiller’s ballads and poems, selected prose writings,
and five of the dramas.
Prerequisite, Course 12 or equivalent.

44. Goethe. Professor Newport.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
Goethe’ s W erke, Goldene Klassiker-Bibliothek. A careful study of Goethe’ s life
and works. Conducted in German.
Prerequisite, Course 43 or equivalent.

45. Middle High German. Professor Newport.
Three hours a week, first semester.
Survey of the origin and development of German, and translation into modern
German o f such Middle High German masterpieces as Nibelungerdied, Der arme Heinrich, and Pa/rzival.
Prerequisite, fluency in reading modern German.

46. Outline Course in German Literature.

Professor Newport.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1918-19.
A general historical survey of German literature.
.
Prerequisite, ability to read rapidly and accurately and to comprehend lectures in
German.

47. Teachers’ Course. Miss Richards.
Two hours a week, second semester.
Phonetics and the American teacher’ s standard in German pronunciation and
syntax. Advanced grammar, study of idioms and synonyms, and advanced composition. Classroom German, textbooks and other teaching material, and methods of
modern language teaching.

48. Exhaustive Study of Some Author. Miss Richards.
One hour a week, second semester. Offered in 1918-19.
Conducted in German and intended for students majoring in German.

49. Scientific German.

Professor Newport.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
Wallentin, Qrundzuge der Naturlehre; Helmholz, Populare Vortage; Wait, Ger­
man Science Reader; Dippold, A Scientific German Reader. For students majoring
in pure and applied science. This course prepares the student to read the new
material along scientific lines which is continually coming out in German books and
periodicals.
Prerequisite, Course 42 or equivalent.

30

SWARTHMOBE COLLEGE BULLETIN

50. German Composition and Conversation. Miss Richards.
Two hours a week, first semester.
The work consists first of composition based on a text, and later of letter and
theme writing. It is supplemented by dictation, oral or written reproduction of short
stories read or told to the class, memorizing of practical literary selections, and of
reading and discussion of items in German newspapers.
Prerequisite, Course 42 or equivalent.

51. German Poetry in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.
Richards.

Miss

Two hours a week, second semester.
This course is intended for the rapid reading of the best German lyrics and ballads
of the period covered.
Prerequisite, Course 42 or equivalent.

52. Recent German Literature.

Professor Newport.

One hour a week, second semester. Offered in 1918-19.
. A rapid reading course in important modern authors.
Not open to students who have taken German courses beyond Course 44.

53. German Literature in the Eighteenth Century. Professor Newport.
Two hours a week
A careful study of the life, thought, art, and literature, and
tions of Germany to. England and France, during this century.
the work will center around the “ Storm and Stress Period”
semester around the “ Romantic Movement.”

throughout the year.
of the literary rela­
In the first semester
and in the second

54. The German Novel. Professor Newport.
Three hours a week, second semester.
History and development of the German novel, with extensive reading and the
presentation of theses and discussions.
Prerequisite, fluency in reading and speaking German.

55. The German Drama in the Nineteenth Century. Professor Newport.
Three hours a week, first semester.
The development of the drama in Germany since the plays of Goethe and Schiller,
with special attention to Kleist, Grillparzer, Hebbel, Ludwig, Anzengruber, Haupt­
mann, and Sudermann.
Prérequisite, fluency in reading and speaking German.

56. German HKiiTtur. *y Professor Newport.
One hour a week throughout the
This course aims to give a clear conception of the economic, political, and
lectual history of Central Europe. The nineteenth century, as a period of
changes, engages the main part o f the attention of the class. For this coursé a
ing knowledge of German is desirable, but not necessary.

year.
intel­
rapid
read­

A German club known as Deutscher Verein exists as a student
organization under guidance of the department, and meets
regularly for instructive and entertaining literary and musical
programs, for practice in conversation, and for social enjoy­
ment.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

31

Students who desire it are given an opportunity to carry on,
under direction, correspondence with students in Germany.
Facilities in Philadelphia and vicinity of especial value to
work in the department of German are as follows : the general
and special libraries of Swarthmore College, University of
Pennsylvania, Haverford, Bryn Mawr, Drexel Institute, Phila­
delphia Public Library; Germanic collections of the museums
in Memorial Hall, Drexel Institute, University of Pennsylvania
Museum; services in German at several churches; several daily
and weekly newspapers ; lectures at the German Society.
Greek and Latin
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Henrietta Josephine Meeteer. Ethel Hampson Brew­
ster is Assistant Professor of Greek and Latin.
The aim of the department is primarily to create an apprecia­
tion of the masterpieces of Greek and Latin literature and to
trace their influence upon modern thought and letters ; and at­
tention is given to the political institutions of both Greece and
Rome and their survival in present times, to philosophy and
religion, to private and social life, and to art and architecture
as exemplified by existing remains in sculpture and painting
and in private and public buildings. Use is made of illustrative
material belonging to the College, and of the collections in the
University Museum in Philadelphia. In connection with Courses
70 and 76 a visit is made each year to the Metropolitan Museum
of New York.
Special attention is called to Courses 61 and 62 in Greek and
71 in Latin, which are provided for those who, previous to en­
tering college, have not been able to complete the preparatory
work required for admission to the Freshman courses.
Students who enter College with four years of Latin will elect
Course 72; those who enter with two or three years of Greek
will elect Course 64.
The attention o f all students is called to Course 69b in Greek
Literature in English, to Course 70 in the A rt of the Greeks,
to Course 73c in Roman Literature in English, and to Course
76 in the Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome; for
these courses a knowledge of Greek or Latin is not required.

32

SW A R TH M O B E COLLEGE BULLETIN

A Teachers’ Course in Latin (78) is offered for Seniors who
expect to take positions as teachers of Latin and Greek in public
and preparatory schools. Those who elect this course must be­
fore the end o f the Senior year have pursued at least Courses 72a,
72b, 73a, 73b, 73c, 75, and 76; the head of the department will
recommend as teachers of Latin only those who have completed
these courses satisfactorily. Such students are expected also to
take at least Course 61 in Greek.
A valuable book is awarded as a Freshman Prize to the stu­
dent who passes the best competitive examination in the Latin
comprised in the average four years’ course in the high school;
this examination is open to the Freshman members of Course 72.
Students desiring detailed information concerning the courses
in Greek and Latin are invited to consult with the instructors.

GREEK

61. Beginners’ Course. Grammar; reading of Xenophon, Anabasis, Book I.
Professor Meeteer.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered annually.

This course is provided for those who have not had an opportunity of studying
elementary Greek in the preparatory school.

62. Xenophon, Anabasis, Books II-IY, and selected readings.
Meeteer.
T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

Professor

O ffered annually.

A continuation o f Course 61. Students who complete this course are admitted in
the second semester to Course 63.

63. Homer, Odyssey. Professor Meeteer.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

The earlier books will be read entire and portions of the later books.

64. (o ) Selected Dialogues o f Plato, including the Crito, Apology, and
Phcedo. Lectures on the doctrines of the various schools of
Greek philosophy. Professor Meeteer.
T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester. O ffered annually.

Students who enter college with at least two years of Greek elect this course.

64. (6) Greek tragedy, JEschylus, Prometheus; Sophocles, Antigone; Euri­
pides, Alcestis. Some time will be devoted to a study o f the
Greek theatre. Professor Meeteer.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester. O ffered annually

[The following works will be read in 1919-20: ASschylus, S ep tem ;
Oedipus T yra n n u s; Euripides, Iphigeneia in T auris.]

Sophocles,

DEPARTM EN TS A N D COURSES OP IN STRUCTION

33

65. (a) Historical Prose; selected books of Herodotus and Thucydides;
some account o f the early Greek historians. Professor Meeteer.
Two hours a week ¿luring the first semester.

65. (b) Theocritus and Bucolic Poetry.

Offered in 1919-20.

Professor Meeteer.

Two hours a week during the second semester. Offered in 1919-20.

66. (a) Demosthenes and the Attic Orators.

Professor Meeteer.

Two hours a week during the first semester. Offered in 1920-21.

66. (b) Selections from the Lyric Poets.

Professor Meeteer.

Two hours a week during the second semester. Offered in 1920-21.

68. Greek Prose Composition.

Professor Meeteer.

Two hours a week during the second semester. Offered in 1920-21.
The purpose of this course is to give facility in the writing of simple Greek prose.

69. (a) The New Testament. Professor Meeteer.
Two hours a week during the first semester. Offered as required.
The peculiarities of Hellenistic Greek will be pointed out. The class will read
from a “ harmony” of the gospels, and will study selections from the epistles de­
scriptive o f the primitive church.

69. (b) Greek Literature in English. Professor Meeteer.
Two hours a week during the second semester. Offered annually.
A study, through the medium of translations, of the rise and development of Greek
literature in its various forms— the epic, the lyric, the drama, history, philosophy,
pastoral poetry, etc. No knowledge of Greek is required. The course is designed to
be of suggestive value, especially to advanced students in the modern languages and
literatures.

70. The Art of the Greeks. Professor Meeteer.
Two hours d week throughout the year. Offered in 1920-21.
A course of lectures giving an. introduction to the various departments of Greek
art, especially architecture, sculpture, and painting; the purpose of the course, in
part, is to give some preparation for future visits to thè great museum collections of
Europe and America. A knowledge of Greek is not required. Open to all students
except Freshmen. This course is given in alternate years only.

90. The History of Greece.

Professor Meeteer.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The history of Greece, from the earliest times to the death of Alexander the Great.
The course aims to give, through lectures, collateral reading, and reports, a history
of Greek civilization. Much attention is paid to art, literature, religion, private
life, etc.

LATIN

71. Practical Latin.

Assistant Professor Brewster.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
This course is arranged for those who are not prepared to take the regular Fresh­
man elective. It includes a study of grammar, etymology, technical terms, mythology,
and selected readings.

34

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLETIN

72. (a) Livy, Book I, and selections from Books II-X ; exercises in Latin
writing. Assistant Professor Brewster.
T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

See note under Course 72 b.

72. (b) Plautus, Menaechmi; Cicero, Essays On Old Age and Friendship;
miscellaneous selections. Assistant Professor Brewster.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester. O ffered annually.

Courses 72 a and 72 b form the regular Freshman elective.

73. (a) Horace, Odes and Epodes; studies in the private and social life of
the Romans. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Three hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

See note under Course 73 c.

73. (b) The Letters of Pliny the Younger; selections from Catullus.
sistant Professor Brewster.
Two hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

As­

O ffered annually.

See note under Course 73 c.

73. (c) Roman Literature in English. Lectures and collateral reading.
Elective for Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors. Assistant Pro­
fessor Brewster.
One hour a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

. For this course a knowledge of Latin is not required.
Courses 73 a, 73 b, and 73 c, form the regular Sophomore elective.

75. Latin Prose Composition.

Assistant Professor Brewster.

O ffered in 1920-21.
Opportunity is afforded in this course for constant practice in writing and speak­
ing Latin. Attention will be given also to the refinements of Latin style.
Two hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

76. Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome.
Brewster.

Assistant Professor

Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1919-20.
Lectures illustrated with the stereopticon and assigned readings. The different de­
partments of Roman art will be treated briefly, both independently and in their rela­
tion to Greek and to modern art; in particular the appearance of the ancient city
will be discussed and the extant monuments described. No knowledge of Latin is
required for this course; it is hoped it will prove of interest to those who expect
some time to visit Rome. Open to all students except Freshmen. This course is given
in alternate years only.

77. (a) Martial and Petronius.

Assistant Professor Brewster.

Two hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

O ffered in 1920-21.

77. (Z>) Tacitus, Germania and Agricola. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Tw o hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered in 1920-21.

77. (c) The Letters of Cicero. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Two hours a week during the first semester.

Offered in 1919-20.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

77. (d) Homan Satire.

35

Assistant Professor Brewster.

Tw o hours a w eek during the second sem ester. Offered in 1919-20.

78. Teachers’ Course. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Two hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

Lectures and reports upon the text of Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, and other Latin
authors commonly read in the preparatory schools. For admission to the course see
the introductory announcement above (p. 32 ).

79. Latin Sight Reading.

Assistant Professor Brewster.

Two hours a w eek throughout the year, one hour credit.

O ffered annually.

The work of this course is almost exclusively confined to the classroom and re­
quires no outside preparation except for an occasional report upon the life and works
of the author studied. Selections from Ovid and from a variety of prose and
verse writers will be read in 1919-20. Sight reading tends to make the student rely
upon his own memory and ingenuity rallier than upon lexicon and grammar, thereby
making the study more natural and less difficult.

80. Christian Art and Archaeology.

Assistant Professor Brewster.

O ffered in 1920-21.
Lectures illustrated with the stereopticon. The aim of the course is to give an
introduction to Christian Archselogy, and to study early Christian architecture, sculp­
ture, painting, and mosaic in their relation to classical art and to the art of the
Renaissance.
One hour a w eek throughout the year.

91. The History of Home. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1920-21.
The history of Rome, from the earliest times to the beginning of the Barbaric
Invasions, supplemented by Munro’s S ou rce B ook of R om an H istory and by selected
passages from Roman historians.

H istory and International Relations
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor William I. Hull. Senior students majoring in His­
tory are the departmental assistants. Dr. Ethel Hampson Brew­
ster, Assistant Professor of Greek and Latin, conducts Courses
90 and 91, on the History of Ancient Greece and Rome.
The courses -are conducted by means of classroom lectures and
library work, which are coordinated by the students in written
outlines and reports. The purpose of the department is to afford
training in the discriminating use of historical materials ; to
cultivate the historical habit of mind ; and to develop a knowledge
of European, English, and United States history, as a whole, to­
gether with a more detailed knowledge of certain great epochs,
institutions, and personages in the history of western civilization.

36

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BULLETIN

90. The History of Greece. Professor Meeteer.
Two hour8 a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The history of Greece, from the earliest times to the death of Alexander the Great.
The course aims to give, through lectures, collateral reading, and reports, a history of
Greek civilization. Much attention is paid to art, literature, religion, private life, etc.

91. The History of Rome. Assistant Professor Brewster.
Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The history of Rome, from the earliest times to the beginning of the Barbaric In­
vasions, supplemented by Munro’s Source Book of Roman History and by selected
passages from Roman historians.

92. Europe to 1870. General and Diplomatic. Professor Hull.
Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A survey of the general history of Western Europe, with special stress , on inter­
national relations.

93. The Diplomatic History of England.

Professor Hull.

Two hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1920-21.
A survey of the general history of England, with special stress on international re­
lations.

94. The Great War of 1914: Its Causes and Results. Professor Hull.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
The historical and other causes of the Great War, and the terms of peace pro­
posed and adopted for the solution of the world’s outstanding diplomatic problems.

95 (a) American Diplomacy: The Old World.

Professor Hull.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1920-21.
A history pf the diplomatic problems in which the United States has been in­
volved, in its relations with the Old World, and of the way in which these problems
have been solved.

95 (6) The United States: Pan-America and the Monroe Doctrine. Professor Hull.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
A history of the relations between the United States and the Latin-American Re­
publics, including a special study of the problem of the Monroe Doctrine and its pro­
posed solutions.

96. (a) International Law:

The League of Nations.

Professor Hull.

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered in 1919-20.
The essentials of the international law of peace, including a careful study of the
programme for world government adopted by the two Hague Conferences and de­
veloped at the Conference of Paris.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF IN STRU CTION

96. (6) International Law: The Law of War and Neutrality.
Hull.

37

Professor

T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1920-21.
The essentials o f the international law of war and neutrality, particularly as exem­
plified in the two Hague Conferences and in the warfare of the Twentieth Century.

97. History Teachers’ Course.

Professor Hull.

One or tw o hours’ credit fo r each sem ester.

O ffered annually.

This course is designed for senior majors in the Department of History, and is
intended to give the theory and practice of aids, methods, and aims in the teaching
of history. The practical work o f the course is done in neighboring schools, and in
connection with Courses 92 to 96.

Political Science
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Robert C. Brooks.
The fundamental aim of the courses offered in political science
is to prepare students for intelligent and effective citizenship.
To this end an effort is made to interpret the political life and
movements of our time in city, state, and nation. Particular
attention is given to criticisms of existing institutions and pro­
posals for their reform'. Governments and parties in the lead­
ing foreign nations of the world are considered not only because
of their intrinsic importance, but also for the valuable sugges­
tions they may yield for the solution of our American problems.
Though the courses in political science are primarily to pro­
duce intelligent and effective citizenship, they should also prove
more immediately helpful to those who intend to enter politics,
law, public service, journalism, business,.or the teaching of civics.
Students who expect to devote themselves to advanced study and
research in political science should be able to lay the founda­
tions for such work in the undergraduate courses offered by this
department.
Unsupported by collateral study in economics and history much
of the significance of political science will be lost. P sycholop,
philosophy, and anthropology are also valuable aids. A reading
knowledge of German or French should be acquired as soon as
possible by students of political science, and both of these are
essential for graduate study in this field. Training in English
and public speaking are highly desirable.
Changes in advanced courses to be made from year to year
will enable students to take more work in political science than
is here scheduled.

38

SW A B TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLETIN

101. American Political Parties and Party Problems.

Professor Brooks.

T h ree hours a w eek during first sem ester.

A study of
United States,
ing o f parties,
Open to all

O ffered annually.

the growth, organization, aims, and methods of political parties in the
with particular reference to the primary and convention system, financ­
and the charges of corruption in American politics and life.
students except Freshmen.

102. Am erican F ederal Government.

P rofessor Brooks.

T h ree hours a w eek during second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A study o f the present structure and functions of the Federal Government of the
United States. Designed as a continuation of Course 101.
Open to all students except Freshmen.

103. Government and Parties in England and Continental Europe.

Pro-

fessor Brooks.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

An outline stqdy of the framework o f government and the organization, methods,
and aims o f the leading political parties o f England, France, Switzerland, and Ger­
many. Particular attention is given to the constitutional documents o f the countries
studied and to the more accessible sources o f official information regarding them.
Wherever possible, comparisons are drawn between the political institutions and
problems of the countries studied and those of the United States.
Open to all students.

104. Municipal Government in England and Continental Europe.
Brooks.

Professor

Tw o hours a w eek during first sem ester. Offered annually.
A study o f municipal government in England, France, and Germany, with the par­
ticular purpose of discovering suggestions for the improvement of city government
in the United States. Special financial and social problems of city life, such as
municipal ownership, taxation o f unearned increment, the drift of population to
urban centers, the housing problem, sanitation, and provision of facilities for
recreation are also discussed.
Prerequisite, Courses 101, 102, or 103, or the equivalent of one of these.

105. Municipal Government in the United States.

Professor Brooks.

Tw o hours a w eek du ring second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A somewhat detailed study of municipal organization and functions in the United
States. Particular attention will be given to the city of Philadelphia. Reform pro­
posals, such as the commission plan, the city manager plan, short ballot, and the
work of bureaus of municipal research will be discussed.
Prerequisite, Courses 101, 102, or 103, or the equivalent of one of these.

107. Political Motives.

Professor Brooks.

O ffered in 1919-20.
A study o f the motives influencing men in their political activities, particularly
as revealed in biographies and autobiographies of American leaders, whether in reform
or practical politics, of recent date.
Open only to Juniors and Seniors.
T w o hours a w eek throughout the year.

109. Political Literature of the Great Settlement. Professor Brooks.
Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1919-20.
A study o f the more important current state papers, books, and periodical articles

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

39

dealing with the political issues of reconstruction following the war. Particular at­
tention will be given to the ideas and methods o f progressive democracy as con­
trasted with those of revolutionary proletarian dictatorship.
Open only to Juniors and Seniors.

Econom ics
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Thomas K. Urdahl.
Good citizenship implies intelligent citizenship. The broadest
purpose of college instruction in Economics is to contribute to
the former by the cultivation o f the latter. From this point of
view the study of Economics should appeal to all students. In
a narrower way, work in Economics should prove useful to those
who intend to devote themselves to law, business, journalism,
philanthropy, or the public service. Finally, for those who wish
to prepare for investigation or teaching in this field, college in­
struction, with its closer personal relation between student and
teacher, should provide suitable preparation for graduate study
and research in larger institutions.
Collateral work in Political Science, History, German, and
French is strongly recommended for all who intend to devote
much time to Economics. A knowledge of general biological
theory, of psychology, and of philosophy would add greatly to
the value of work done in this department.
No credit will be given in courses which run throughout the
year, unless the work of the entire year is taken.
The advanced courses will be changed from year to year, thus
enabling students to take more work in the department than is
here scheduled.
111. Principles of Economics. Professor Urdahl.
The
ciples
public
rency,
Not

Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered/ a/nnuaUy.
first part of this course consists of a study of the fundamental laws and prin­
o f economics; the second part deals with the application of these laws to the
questions o f the day, such as those connected with the tariff, taxation, cur­
trusts, trade unions, strikes, socialism, and the railroads.
open to Freshmen.

112. Money, Credit, and Banking. Professor Urdahl.
Three hours a week during the first semester. Offered in
The work o f this course will be divided into three parts: (a ) a study of
ciples of money, credit, and banking; (b ) a study o f the exemplification
principles in the monetary and banking history of certain countries; (c ) a

1919-20.
the prin­
of those
study of

40

S W A R TH M O B E COLLEGE B U L LE T IN

present-day currency and banking problems in the United States. As a supplement
to the classroom work, visits will be made to the mint and to banking institutions
in Philadelphia.
Prerequisite, Course 111 or its equivalent.

113. Public Finance. Professor Urdahl.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester. O ffered in 1919-20.
The subject-matter o f this course will be the nature of governmental wants, public
expenditures, budgets, and budgetary legislation, the development of tax systems, the
different kinds o f taxes, the theory of incidence, the problem of distribution, practical
ideals for a tax system in the United States, and the theory and extent of public debts.
Prerequisite, Course 111 or its equivalent.

114. Corporation Finance, and Problems of Business. Professor Urdahl.
T h ree hours a w eek du ring th e second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

The historical development, the changes in structure, the organizing, the financing,
the management, the economic and the social problems of business are considered in
detail.
Open to all students.

115. Criminology. Professor Urdahl.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester. O ffered 1920-21.
Three general subjects are treated in this course. The first has to do with the
theory and data o f criminality. The second subject deals with criminal law and crimi­
nal procedure. The third relates to penology. Visits are made to the various penal and
reformatory institutions in Philadelphia and vicinity.
Open to all students.

116. Modern Philanthropy. Professor Urdahl.
T h ree hours a w e ek du ring the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

The large public questions involved in the relief o f the indigent and in thp care
of the insane, the feeble-minded, and other dependents. Visits are made to represen­
tative institutions in Philadelphia and vicinity.
Open to all students.

117. Resources and Industries. Professor Urdahl.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

This course consists of a study of the mineral, water, forest, and land resources of
the United States with special emphasis on their conservation. Following this the
principal agricultural and manufacturing industries o f the United States will be
studied and discussed. Attention will also be given to the main continental and
oceanic routes o f travel. The first semester will be devoted to a study of the economic
history o f the United States. The class will visit some of the leading industrial
establishments o f the vicinity.
Open to all students.

118. The Development of Economic Theory.

Professor Urdahl.

O ffered in 1920-21.
The evolution of economic thought from the writings of the mercantilists and
physiocrats down to the present day. Especial attention will be given to the various
schools o f thought and to their influence in shaping public policy.
Prerequisite, Course 111 or its equivalent.
T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

D E PARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF IN STRU CTION

41

119. The Labor Problems. Professor Urdahl.
Three hours a w eek during the second sem ester. Offered in 1920-21.
A study of the history, activities, and structure of labor organizations, and the in­
fluence of economic and political theories upon them.
Prerequisite, Course 111 or its equivalent.

120. Economic Problems o f War and Reconstruction.

Professor Urdahl.

T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered in 1919-20.

Law
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Claude C. Smith, Lecturer in Law.
The courses in law are designed to give to the student an in­
sight into legal reasoning and a general knowledge of the funda­
mental legal relations which govern our society. It is expected
that these courses will serve as a helpful introduction to pro­
fessional study for those who aim to prepare themselves for the
life of the law yer; that those students who desire to equip them­
selves for active business life, will be aided by an intelligent
study of the principles which lie at the basis of commercial life;
and that all will find in the systematic study of the science of
the law a broadening influence that will tend to general culture.
126. Business Law.

Mr. Smith.

T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester. O ffered in 1919-20.
This course is based on Sullivan’ s B usiness L a w , and is designed to give the stu­

dent a working knowledge of the law of contracts and negotiable instruments. Class­
room discussion of cases illustrating the principles underlying the law covering these
topics is the chief work.

H istory o f Religion and Philosophy
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Jesse H. Holmes.
The object of the courses is to give the student an introduction
to the principal religious and philosophical systems of the world,
together with a study more in detail of a few of them. The
courses offered as electives cover three years. A ll students are
required to take a course of three hours in the study of the Bible.
The work will be varied by lectures, recitations, and prepara­
tion of special themes. Several hundreds of lantern slides illus­
trating various phases of the subject-matter are available, as are
also charts, maps, pictures, and a carefully selected library.

42

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLETIN

131. Bible Study.

Professor Holmes.

Tw o hours a w eek in first sem ester, one hour a w eek in second sem ester.
annually.

Offered

Intended to give such general knowledge of the Bible, its origin, contents, and
qualities as literature, as should be possessed by all intelligent people. The work of
the student will consist largely of indicated readings in the Old and New Testa­
ments. Kent, H istorical B ible, will be used as a supplementary textbook.
The class work will include lectures, recitations, study of maps, pictures, etc.

132. History of Religion. Professor Holmes.
Tw o hours a w eek during the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A brief study of the principal religious systems of the world. Menzies, H isto ry o f
R eligion, is followed as textbook, but a large part o f the work of the course is car­
ried on in the library.

133. The Religion of the Hebrews.

Professor Holmes.

Three hours a w eek during the first semester-.

O ffered annually.

A study of the Hebrew people, their social and religious customs, their prophets
and their literature. It is based upon the study of the books of the Old Testament,
Kent, H istorical Bible, being also used. In the early part of the course attention is
given to the origin of the Semites and their early movements, Babylonia, Assyria, and
other allied topics.
Open to students who have completed Course 131, and to others who, in the judg­
ment o f the instructor, can profitably carry on the work of the class!

134. Life and Times of. Jesus.

Professor Holmes.

T h ree hours a w e e k during the second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A study o f the social, political, and religious conditions prevailing at the be­
ginning of the Christian era, followed by the life, work, and teachings of Jesus, and
the Apostolic age of the Christian Church. Stevens and Burton, H a rm ony o f the G os­
pels, the A cts of the A postles, and the other books of the New Testament, together
with Pfleiderer, Christian O rigins, are made the basis of the work.
Open to students who have completed Course 131, and to others who, in the judg­
ment o f the instructor, can profitably carry on the work of the class. Courses 133 and
134 may be substituted for the required course in the Bible Study (1 31) by Juniors and
Seniors.

135. History of Christianity.

Professor Holmes.

O ffered in 1919-20.
A study of the principal events in the history of the Christian church, and espe­
cially in the development of Christian doctrines. Some attention will be given to the
history o f various Christian sects. Allen* C ontinuity o f C hristian Thought, Pfleiderer,
D evelopm ent of C hristianity, have been used as textbooks.
Open to students who have completed Course 131, and to others who, in the judg­
ment o f the instructor, can profitably carry on the work of the class.
Tw o hours a w eek during the secon d sem ester.

136. Ethics. Professor Holmes.
T h ree hours a w eek , second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

An introduction to the various types of ethical theory, with discussion of some appli­
cations of ethical principles. Drake, Problem s o f C onduct, has been used as a text­
book.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

43

137. History of Philosophy. Professor Holmes.
Three hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

After a brief introductory glance at the early Greek philosophies, especial attention
is given to Socrates and to the systems of Plato and Aristotle. Some time is devoted to
the development of philosophical systems in the period centering about the beginning
of the Christian era; the growth, culmination, and decline of scholasticism, are studied,
and the appearance of the modern critical spirit. In the second semester the work is
directed to the modern systems beginning with Descartes. Especial attention is given
to the philosophy o f evolution. Thilly, H istory of Philosophy, is used as a textbook.
Open to Juniors and Seniors.

138. Introduction to Philosophy.

Professor Holmes.

One hour a w eek in second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

Lectures and recitations on the theory of knowledge, fundamental ideas, the meaning
of natural law, the theory o f evolution in the inorganic and in the organic world.
Russell, F irst C ourse in Philosophy has been used as a textbook.

Some of the greatest archaeological collections of the world are
near enough to be made use of by Swarthmore students, and
visits to museums, exhibitions, etc., are frequently possible.
Especially to be noted is the Archaeological Museum of the Uni­
versity of Pennsylvania, with its remarkable collections illus­
trating the civilizations of Babylonia, Assyria, and E gypt; its
display of amulets, charms, etc., from many parts o f the w orld;
its Buddhist Temple, and collections of similar materials from
among the American Indians, the Esquimaux, and many other
peoples.
A Museum of Religions has been started at Swarthmore, which
has already a valuable collection of religious curies from China,
Japan, India, and elsewhere. Additions to this collection will be
welcomed.
Mention should he also made of the great libraries of Phila­
delphia, and of the lecture courses, often by the great scholars
of the world, at Drexel, Franklin, and Wagner Institutes, and
at the University of Pennsylvania, in addition to those offered
at Swarthmore. The most famous preachers, statesmen, and
orators are frequently to be heard in Philadelphia, and the
opportunities thus afforded are brought to the attention of stu­
dents.
Psychology and Education
The work of this department is temporarily cared for by Pro­
fessor Jesse H. Holmes, and Charles II. Fisher, Professor of
Education, State Normal School, West Chester, Pa.

44

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

TEACHERS’ APPOINTMENT COMMITTEE

A Teachers’ Appointment Committee, of which Dean Alexan­
der is the Chairman, was instituted in 1912. The duty of this
committee is to assist the graduates of the College in their effort
to secure satisfactory teaching positions. This assistance is to be
rendered not only to members of each year’s graduating class, but
also to earlier graduates who have been teaching meanwhile, and
having acquired experience, desire more responsible positions
than the ones they now have.
THE STATE COLLEGE CERTIFICATE

•Students graduating from College and completing the re­
quired number o f courses in Psychology and Education, includ­
ing the required observation and teaching, will be recommended
by the department for the State College Certificate, which car­
ries exemption from all examinations for positions in the public
schools of Pennsylvania, and becomes permanent after three
years of teaching. This certificate is accepted by a number of
other states.
COURSE OF STUDY

No course in this department should be taken before the Sopho­
more year. The courses designed for the Sophomore year are
Ethics (136), and General Psychology (1 3 9 ); for the Junior
year, Educational Psychology (141), History o f Education
(144), Educational Administration and Management (1 4 7 ); for
the Senior year, Principles of Secondary Education (142), Prin­
ciples of Teaching (143), Observation of Teaching (145), Super­
vised Teaching (146).
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

136. Ethics— Theory, Practice, and Teaching.

Professor Holmes.

Two hours a week during first semester. Offered annually.

This course aims to present the principal theories as to the basis oi right and
wrong, to discuss practical questions such as comes before men and women in busi­
ness and social life, and in citizenship. The latter part of the year will be devoted
to a consideration of methods of developing morals in schools, uses and abuses of
self-government, the work of the church and the Sunday schools, boys’ and girls’ clubs,
and other institutions which affect ideals and conduct. Opportunity will be given
for observation of such institutions, and in case of those taking the teachers’ course,
for practice teaching when possible.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

139. General Psychology.

45

Professor Holmes.

T h ree hours a w eek dwring the first sem ester.

Offered annually.

This course aims to introduce the student to the science of psychology through mod­
ern experimental methods together with lectures, demonstrations, and clinical observa­
tions. It also aims to lay the foundations for more advanced work in psychology and
courses in other departments that demand a knowledge of the fundamental principles
of mental activity. Texts, Pillsbury, Langfeld.

141. Educational Psychology.

Professor Fisher.

O ffered in 1919-20.
This course emphasizes such topics in psychology as are closely related to the work
of teaching. Consideration will be given to psychological experiments bearing upon
the topics treated.
The observation of pupils and teaching in the public schools of Swarthmore is a
necessary part of the course. Text-book, assigned readings, discussions, and reports.
Two hours a w eek during second sem ester.

142. Principles of Secondary Education. Professor Fisher.
Tw o hours a w e ek during second sem ester. Offered in 1919-20.
A study of the secondary school in the light of the meaning and the aims of educa­
tion in a democracy. The purpose and the value of the subjects of the curriculum
will be discussed from the standpoint of the main objectives of education. The neces­
sary reorganization of secondary education will be considered. Assigned readings,
discussions, and reports.

143. Principles of Teaching. Professor Fisher.
Tw o hours a w eek during first sem ester. O ffered in 1919-20.
This course deals with the principles of instruction common to the teaching of all sub­
jects in the secondary schools. Consideration will be given to such topics as types of
lessons, the recitation, the assignment, the question, lesson plans, supervised and in­
dependent study, the use of educational tests and scales, problems in discipline, economy
in classroom management.
The work of this course is closely correlated with the observation of teaching. As­
signed readings, discussions, and reports.

144. History of Education. Professor Fisher.
Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1919-20.
This course aims to trace the development of educational institutions, practices and
theories of the past as a necessary background to an understanding of the problems
of the present day. An effort is made to trace the evolution of democracy in educa­
tion so that the individual, may become a conscious participant in that evolution.
Educational progress in the United States is especially noted. The course is both
cultural and professional. Text-book, assigned readings, discussions and reports.

145. Observation of Teaching.

Professor Fisher.

Offered in 1919-20.
Only those students may take this course who enroll-for Course 143. Students will
observe in all grades, elementary and secondary, of the public school system of
Swarthmore, in order to get a general survey of the whole. Toward the end of the
semester students will concentrate their observation upon the subject or subjects that
they expect to teach. The course will be conducted by means of individual and
group conferences.
One hour a w eek during first sem ester.

46

SW AK TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

146. Supervised Teaching. Professor Fisher.
O ffered in 1919-20.
The teaching will be done in secondary schools in the vicinity of the College. Sub­
stitute teaching when done under favorable conditions and approved by the supervisor
of teaching may count as credit toward this course. At least one hour credit should
be taken by those who intend to teach. The students whose schedules permit it are
urged to take additional credit. The course will be conducted by means of individual
conferences.
O ne to three hours a w eek during the first or the second sem ester.

147. School Administration and Management.

Professor Fisher.

O ffered in 1919-20.
This course deals with the organization, legal status, and administrative control
of education in the nation, state, county, and local school districts.
Practical problems of school management will be considered. The chief aim of the
course is to acquaint the prospective teacher with the various relations that an
individual teacher has to an organized system of education. Text-book, assigned
readings, and discussions.
Tw o hours a w eek during first sem ester.

TEACHERS ’ COURSES GIVEN BY OTHER DEPARTMENTS

78. Teachers’ Course in Latin. Assistant Professor Brewster.
T w o hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

Lectures and reports upon the text of Csesar, Cicero, Virgil, and other Latin authors
commonly read in preparatory schools.
Observation and practice teaching.
Prerequisites, Latin 72a, 72b, 73a, 73b, 75, 76; two courses in Education or Psy­
chology for those who wish credit in Education.

98. Teachers ’ Course in History. Professor Hull.
*

One or tw o hou rs’ credit fo r each sem ester.

O ffered annually.

This course is designed for Senior majors in the Department of History, and is
intended to give the theory and practice of aids, methods, and aims in the teaching of
history.

A rt
The instruction in this subject is under the direction of the
Department of Greek and Latin. Courses are given by Professor
Meeteer and Assistant Professor Brewster.
The aim of the courses offered is to study the historical de­
velopment of architecture, sculpture, painting, and the allied
arts, as a part o f the history of Western civilization, in order to
show the share that these arts have had in the creating and fix­
ing o f ideals, and in the development o f craftsmanship. The
principal types and examples of these arts are studied, as master­
pieces of achievement, especially for their cultural enjoyment.
The work consists of illustrated lectures and indicated reading.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF IN STRU CTION

47

70. The Art of the Greeks. Professor Meeteer.
Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. Offered in 1920-21.
A course of lectures giving an introduction to the various departments of Greek
art, especially architecture, sculpture, and painting; the purpose of the course, in part,
is to give some preparation for future visits to the great museum collections of Europe
and America. A knowledge of Greek is not required. Open to all students except
Freshmen. This course is given in alternate years only.

76. Topography and Monuments o f Ancient Rome.
Brewster.

Assistant Professor

Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year. O ffered in 1919-20.
Lectures illustrated with the stereopticon, and assigned readings. The different de­
partments o f Roman art will be treated briefly, both independently and in their rela­
tion to Greek and to modern art; in particular the appearance of the ancient city
will be discussed and the extant monuments described. No knowledge of Latin is
required for this course; it is hoped it will prove of interest to those who expect some
time to visit Rome. Open to all students except Freshmen. This course is given in
alternate years only.

80. Christian Art and Archaeology. Assistant Professor Brewster.
O ne hour a w eek throughout the yea r. O ffered in 1920-21.
Lectures illustrated with the stereopticon. The aim of the course is to give an
introduction to Christian Archeology, and to study early Christian architecture,'
sculpture, painting, and mosaic in their relation to Classical art and to the art of the
Renaissance.

152. Renaissance Painting in Italy. Professor Meeteer.
O n e hour a w eek throughout the yea r.

O ffered annually.

Italy’s definite contribution to the development of Western Art from 1300 to 1580;
painting as an expression of the social forces of the time.

B iology
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Spencer Trotter. Samuel Cçpeland Palmer is As­
sistant Professor.
The courses in Biology are designed to give a broad and liberal
view of the facts of life as a part o f the general system of
culture. The successful completion of the several courses as
part of the general work for the degree of A.B. is preparatory
to the study of Medicine, Forestry, or of Agriculture. Students
are thus enabled to enter the technical schools of the leading uni­
versities in the above-named branches.
Special work in the dissection of the human body is likewise
afforded students who are preparing for the study of Medicine.
Courses in both Physics and Chemistry are required as en­
trance by the medical schools.
The courses are arranged so as to present a logical sequence

48

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

throughout the four years of college work for students making
Biology their m ajor subject.
Students making Biology their major will be required to
take one year each in Chemistry or Physics, and the equivalent
of two college years in a modern language.
The requirement by the foremost medical schools of the eountry of two years’ preparation in Biology is fulfilled by these
. courses in Swarthmore College.
These courses likewise lead-to the post-graduate work of the
university.
The Museum o f Biology and Geology is an adjunct to the de­
partment of Biology. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan
Square, Philadelphia, affords valuable matter for study and
reference both in its collections and library. The museum of
the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Seventeenth Street and
Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia, contains valuable aids to
study. The library of the University of Pennsylvania, and the
Philadelphia Library, com er Locust and Juniper Streets, are
available for consultation and research. The Wistar Institute
° f Anatomy, Thirty-sixth Street and W oodland Avenue, con­
tains valuable material for study in connection with the pre­
medical courses.
155. General Biology.

Professor Trotter and Assistant Professor Palmer.

T h ree hours a, w eek throughout the year.
Open to F reshm en only. Class limited.
,

(а) Zoology.

Offered. annudUy.

Professor Trotter.

This is an outline study of the structure, classification, distribu­
tion, and general natural history of animals. Two lectures a week. Two hours
laboratory.
F irst S em ester.

(б ) Botany.

Assistant Professor Palmer.

Second S em ester. — A course in botany designed to give the student a broad view of

the whole field of plant growth, structure, development, distribution, and classification.
Two lectures a week, two hours’ laboratory work, including field work in May and
June.

156. Animal Morphology.
mer.

Professor Trotter and Assistant Professor Pal­

T h ree h o w s a w eek throughout the y ea r,

O ffered annually.

A careful and detailed study of the animal types with laboratory study of the
more important groups. Two lectures a week, three hours laboratory.
O pen to students above F reshm an Class.

Prerequisite, 155 or its equivalent.

Class limited.

DEPARTM EN TS A N D COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

49

(a) Vertebrates. Professor Trotter.
First Sem ester.

(ft) Invertebrates.

Assistant Professor Palmer.

S econd Sem ester.

157. Mammalian Anatomy and Physiology. Professor Trotter.
T h ree hours a w eek during Second S em ester.

O ffered annually.

Two lectures on anatomy and physiology with special reference to the human
mechanism. Three hours laboratory.
Op$n to S tudents above Freshm an Class.

Class limited.

Prerequisites, 155 and 156 or their equivalents.

158. Human Anatomy.

Professor Trotter.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

Advanced work in osteology, the dissection of the cadaver, and a study and dissec­
tion of the human brain. Standard textbooks on anatomy. A laboratory course of
six hours a week throughout the year.
O pen only to Students p reparin g fo r the study of M edicine.

Prerequisites, 155, 156 and 157.
A m in im um of six hours a week is required in this course.

159. Advanced Zoology. Professor Trotter.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the yea r.

O ffered annually.

Systematic work on the collections in the Museum.

160. Anthropology.

Professor Trotter.
T h ree hours a v)eek during S econ d Sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A course of lectures on the. zoological relations of man, his history as a species, and
a review of the natural history of mankind (race, culture, and geographical distribu­
tion), professor’s “ notes,” consultation of various authors, written reports on assigned
subjects.
O pen to Seniors and Juniors.

Prerequisite; 155 or its equivalent.

162. Embryology.

Assistant Professor Palmer.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the yea r.

O ffered annually.

Study o f the development of a vertebrate with special reference to the chick. The
growth of the chick is followed closely from the primitive streak stage to four days.
Drawings are required showing the various stages o f growth in whole mounts and in
selected sections along both transverse and sagittal planes. In connection with this
course students are instructed in the proper methods of fixation, staining, and sec­
tioning o f tissues and in the use of the camera lucida. A minimum of six hours a
week laboratory work is required for this course.
O pen to Juniors and Seniors.

Prerequisite, 155, 156.

163. Fundamental Problems in Biology.

Assistant Professor Palmer.

Tw o hours a w eek throughout the year.

(a ) First Sem ester.

O ffered annually.

Evolution and Related Subjects.
( b ) S econ d S em ester.
Genetics and Eugenics.
A lecture course devoted to the discussion of the principles of plant and animal
breeding. There will be given also a review o f the history o f our domesticated animals.

50

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

164. Advanced Botany,

Assistant Professor Palmer.

T h ree hours a w eek throughout the yea r.

O ffered annually.

Cryptogamie Botany.
In this course the development of sex in plants is the keynote of study. Carefully
selected forms are secured to bring out this feature in the laboratory. Sach’s classi­
fication o f the Thallophytes is used as the basis o f this course.
( b ) S econ d S em ester.
Systematic Botany.
A course in field work devoted entirely to the classificatioii of the local flora. Trees,
shrubs, ferns, and the spring flowers are carefully studied.
(a ) F irst S em ester.

166. Biology in Relation to Disease. Assistant Professor Palmer.
T w o hour s a w eek throughout F irst Sem ester.
O pen to Students above Freshm an Class.

O ffered annually.

170. Geology. Professor Trotter.
Tw o hour s a w eek during F irst Sem ester.

O ffered annually.

Lecture course on the fundamental principles of geology and physiography.
O p en to Students above Freshm an Class.

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor Gellert Alleman. H. Jermain Creighton is Assistant
Professor of Chemistry and Allen I. Myers is Instructor in Chem­
istry.
This department does not aim to develop specialists in any
particular branch of chemistry, but presents opportunities for
a comprehensive general training in this science.
The successful completion o f the courses in Chemistry will
enable the student to enter upon graduate work at any lead­
ing university, or will be of material assistance to him in various
technical pursuits in which he may he engaged. Those intending
to prepare for the medical profession will find it advantageous
to follow several of the elementary courses here offered.
The new and commodious chemical laboratory, with its splen­
did equipment, lends every advantage to thorough and modern
instruction in this department.
Students who major in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
must have a reading knowledge of German before entering upon
the chemical work pursued during the third year. They should
also be thoroughly familiar with elementary mathematics.
The course in Chemistry, as Applied Science, is prescribed for
the first and second years. The course in Chemical Engineering
is prescribed for your years.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

51

Students may m ajor in Chemistry, in a course in Arts, re­
quiring 124 hours for graduation; in Chemistry, as Applied
Science, requiring 132 hours for graduation ; in Chemical En­
gineering, requiring 140 hours for graduation.
171. General Inorganic Chemistry. , Professor Alleman, Assistant Professor
Creighton, and Mr. Myers.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout th e year.

Offered annually.

Lectures, demonstrations, written exercises, individual laboratory practice, and
weekly conferences on the general principles involved in elementary chemistry. This
course includes work similar to that outlined in Smith, G eneral Chem istry fo r Colleges.
In the laboratory each student performs about two hundred experiments which are
selected from Smith and Hale, Laboratory Outline o f G eneral Chem istry. Credit in this
course is not assigned until the completion of the entire course at the end of the year.

172. Qualitative Analysis.

Assistant Professor Creighton.

T h ree hours a w eek throughout the yea/r.

O ffered annually.

The theory and practice involved in the detection of the chemical elements. Special
attention is paid to the application of the electrolytic dissociation theory to analysis,
and the metallic and nonmetallic elements are studied more fully than in Course 171.
Demonstrations, conferences, and individual laboratory work.
The textbooks used
are A. A. Noyes, Qualitative Analysis, and Talbot and Blanchard, E lectrolyic D is­
sociation T h eory ; Baskerville and Curtman, Qualitative Analysis, is also recommended.
During the second semester, students make Quantitative determinations of a num­
ber of typical ions and become familiar with the elementary principles of Quantitative
Analysis.
,
The equivalent of nine hours of laboratory work per week through the year, carry­
ing a credit of three hours for each semester. Credit in this course is not assigned
until the completion of the entire course at the end of the year. Prerequisite, 171.

173. Elementary Quantitative Analysis. Professor Alleman and Mr. Myers.
T h ree hours a w eek during one sem ester.

Complete analysis o f potassium chloride, copper sulphate,
sphalerite, clay, Portland cement, and coal.
For students taking Engineering as their major subject.
work per week throughout one semester, carrying a credit
is arranged to suit individual requirements. Prerequisite,

O ffered annually.

calcite, haematite, apatite,
Nine hours of laboratory
of three hours. The time
172.

174. Quantitative Analysis. Professor Alleman.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year.

Offered annually.

Demonstrations and laboratory work involving methods in gravimetric and volu­
metric analysis.
Required of students who select Chemistry as their major subject; open as an
elective to all others who have taken Courses 171 and 172 at this institution, or their
equivalent elsewhere. The equivalent of nine hours of laboratory work per week
throughout the year, carrying a credit of three hours for each semester. The time is
arranged to suit individual requirements. Prerequisite, 172.

175. Advanced Quantitative Analysis.

Professor Alleman.

Three hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

Examination of foods and food products, and their adulterants.
analysis of sewage, and the sanitary analysis of water.

Offered annually.

Work in toxicology,

52

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

Required of students who select Chemistry as their major subject; open as an elec­
tive to all other students who have had sufficient knowledge of chemistry to follow the
course. The work on sewage* and water analysis is particularly adapted to students
in engineering. The equivalent of nine hours of laboratory work per week during the
second semester, carrying a credit o f three hours. The time is arranged to suit indi­
vidual requirements.’ Prerequisite, 174.

176. Physical Chemistry. Assistant Professor Creighton.
T h ree hours a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

Lectures and laboratory work. The work covered in the lecture course includes
the thermodynamic laws; the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of matter; physical mix­
tures; the theory of dilute solutions; the kinetic theory of gases; the relation between
chemical structure and physical properties ; chemical statics and dynamics ; and thermo­
chemistry. Stress is. laid on the applications of thermodynamics to chemical processes.
In the laboratory students make observations on the behavior of solutions, determine
molecular weights by physical methods, measure velocities of reactions and familiarize
themselves with the use of the refractometer, the spectroscope, and the polariscope.
The following books are recommended: Nernst, Theoretical C hem istry; Jones, E le­
m ents of P hysical C hem istry ; Young, S toichiom etry ; Washburn, P rin cip les o f P h y s­
ical Chem istry.

Two lectures and three hours per week of laboratory work. Required of students
who select chemistry as their major study. Prerequisites, 174 and 272.

177. Organic Chemistry. Professor Alleman and Mr. Myers.
T h ree hours a w eek throughout the year.

O ffered annually.

Lectures, demonstrations, written exercises, and laboratory work. This course in­
cludes the work, as outlined in Remsen, O rganic Chem istry. In the laboratory, stu­
dents make and study the various organic preparations as given in Remsen, O rganic
Chem istry.

Required of all students who select Chemistry as their major subject.

178. Organic Chemistry (Advanced Course).
Myers.

Professor Alleman and Mr.

A continuation of Course 177. Lectures and laboratory work. In the laboratory,
students make all the preparations (not previously made in Course 177), as given in
Gattermann, P ra xis des O rganischen Chem ikers. A knowledge of German is required.
Required of all students who select Chemistry as their major subject.

180» Electro-Chemistry. Assistant Professor Creighton.
T h ree hours a w eek during the first sem ester *

O ffered annually.

Lectures and laboratory work. The laboratory work in this course is arranged
so that the student may obtain exact practical information regarding the application
of electricity to chemical manufacture, and become proficient in the measurement of
electrical conductivities and electromotive forces, and in making electrochemical
analyses. The laboratory course also includes the testing of Faraday’s laws and the
measurement of transport numbers, the absolute migration velocity of ions, decomposi­
tion voltage and heat of neutralization. The following textbooks are recommended:
Abegg, E lectrolytic D issocia tion ; Le Blanc, T extbook o f E lectro-C h em istry; Oettel,
E lectro-Chem ical E xperim ents and E xercises in E lectro-C h em istry; Fisher, P raktikum
der E lektrochem ie, and Smith, E lectro-Chem ical Analysis.
Required of all students who select Chemistry as their major subject; open as an
elective to all other students who have a sufficient knowledge of chemistry and of
physics to follow the course. Prerequisite, 174 and 176.
The number of students in this course is limited to six.

D E PARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF IN STRU CTION

181. Assaying.

53

Professor Alleman.
O ne hour a w eek du ring the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

Fire assays of ores of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, and of numerous metallurgical
products. The textbook used is Furnam, P ra ctica l Assaying.
Three hours of laboratory work per week during the first semester, carrying a
credit of one hour.

182. Mineralogy.

Professor Alleman.
T w o hour8 a w eek during the second sem ester.

O ffered annually.

This course consists of lectures on crystallography and descriptive mineralogy; and
the determination of minerals by the blow-pipe. Moses and Parsons, Mineralogy.
Crystallography and B low -pipe Analysis, is used as a guide. Prerequisite, 170.

183. Physical Chemistry (Advanced Course). Assistant Professor Creighton.
O ne hour a w eek during the first sem ester.

O ffered annually.

A continuation. of Course 176.

Chemical Engineering
The extensive demand made on the part of various industries
for men trained both in Engineering and Chemistry has influ­
enced the establishment of a course which will afford preparation
along these special lines. The course, as arranged, includes all
the prescribed work required for the degree of A.B. Ample
opportunity is also afforded the student in the choice of elective
studies. The course, faithfully followed, will give the student
a liberal education, and, in addition, special training in Chemical
Engineering. The course as outlined follows:
UNIFORM

CU RRICU LU M

FOR T H E F R E S H M A N

AND SOPHOMORE

YEARS IN APPLIED SCIENCE

The curriculum for the first and second years of the fouryears’ courses leading to degrees in the Departments of Mechan­
ical, Civil, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering is the same in
every respect. F or the first and second, year students in Chem­
istry as applied science and in Chemical Engineering follow
the same courses as given below except that women students are
required to take certain electives instead of the prescribed
courses, where specified.

54

SWARTHM.ORE COLLEGE B U L LE T IN

FRESHMAN YEAR
First Semester

Hours per Week

See
Page
69
75
75
20
21
51
67
80

Class

Lab’y

_

Shop 203*..............................
Mathematics 251..................
Mathematics 252..................
English 1 ...............................
English 4 ...............................

3
3
2
3
2

Drawing 191.........................
Physical Education...............

6

15

2
3
3:
2
3
3
2

—

,—
—
—

3
6

2
Totals.................

Crediti

15

18

6

3
6

2
3
2
2
3
3
2

15

17

Second Semester
69
76
75
20

21

51
67
80

Shop 203 and 204 *..
Mathematics 253 ..
Mathematics 252 ..
English 1 ................
English 4 ...........
Chemistry 171 .
Drawing 192 .......
Physical Education.

Pattern-making and Foundry
Trigonometry.......................
Algebra..................................
Composition..........................
General Introduction...........
General Inorganic.................
Engineering............................

_
3
2
2
3
2
2

Totals

14

—
—
—
—

. * Women majoring in Cbemis try may substitute an elective for Shop Work and Drawing.

SOPHOMORE YEAR
First Semester
See
Page
67
69
76
51
79
69
80

Hours per Week
Class

Mathematics 254.................
Chemistry 172......................
Group 2 f ................................
Mechanical Engineering 213
Physical Education..............

Lab’y

Forge work and Machine work

2

3
1
Materials of Construction...

3
t

2
13

Credit

20

18

24

19

Second Semester
68
69
76
51
79
70
71
80

Drawing 194*........................
Shop 206*..............................
Mathematics 255 ................
Chemistry 172......................
Group 2 t ................................
Physics 271...........................
Civil Engineering 223 or
Elective*....................... ...
Annual Survey 230*...............
Physical Education........

3

11

: vyomen majoring m onemistry may substitute electives for Drawing, Shop, and Surveying,
t The courses to be followed in Group 2 are determined by the student’s previous training
i these languages.

55

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

JUNIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page

Hours per Week
C]as s
2
S

79
or

39
. 72
72

Lab’y

Credits

3
—

3
3

_

_

__
2
■__

9
3
• —

3
3
—•

Elementary Economics and
Railroad Transportation..
Electrical Engineering 237.. Direct Current Theory..........
Electrical Engineering 238... D. C. Lab...............................

8
2
—

—

2

Totals.....................

12

or
Economics 111......................

18

18

3

1
2

Second Semester
72
72

Electrical Engineering 238.. Direct Current Laboratory...
Electrical Engineering 237.. Direct Current Theory........

2
3

_

or
—

51
52

2
—

3
3
3

9
3
—

—

__

or
—

—

3
2

7

15

17

SENIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page

Hours per Week
Class

39

Economics 111 or 112 or 113
or

52

Chemistry 178......................

Adv. Organic Chemistry.. . .

Religion and Philosophy 131

Credits

2
—

3
3

3

3

—

3

3

3

2
2

1

1
3

3

—
—

Bible Study...........................

2

—

2

Totals....... .............

15

9

18

4

2
3

1

42

Lab'y

Second Semester
71

52

Experimental Laboratory.. Economics 111 or 112 or 113
or

3

_
2

3
1
4
2

8

19

15

___

Totals............. .

_
12
—

2
1

Religion and Philosophy 131

—

3
—

56

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U L LE T IN

Engineering
CIVIL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL

The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Professor George P. Blessing. Lewis Fussell is Assistant Pro­
fessor o f 'Electrical Engineering, Charles G. Thatcher i s ' As­
sistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Ernest C. White
is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering and John J. Matthews
is Instructor in charge of Shop Work.
The courses in Engineering are designed to train men in the
fundamental principles that underlie the branch in which they
are majoring, and to give such engineering and practical work as
time and equipment will permit.
The location o f the College near Philadelphia and the
important manufacturing centers in its vicinity enables stu­
dents to visit a great variety of industrial and engineering
works.
A man must supplement a technical course by experience in
practice and contact with real engineering work before he can
attain his power as an engineer, and it is hoped that these visits
will prove of value to the student when he begins practical
engineering work.
The success of an engineer has come more and more to depend
upon his ability to meet men of education and culture on equal
terms; hence, courses in liberal arts are carried throughout the
four years in the belief that they will ultimately benefit the
students. The technical courses o f study are arranged and con­
ducted with the purpose of imparting a liberal preparation for
immediate usefulness in the office, drafting room, or field. When
circumstances permit, undergraduates are encouraged to engage
in engineering work during the summer vacation. The experi­
ence and maturity so gained are of great value in subsequent
collegiate and professional work.
The instruction in this department is given both by lectures
and recitations; in the drafting room, the field work, the labora­
tory, and shop the aim is to adapt the instruction to the indi­
vidual needs of the student.

D E PARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF IN STRU CTION

57

T H E EQ U IPM E N T

The Field Equipment for practice in surveying includes tran­
sits, levels, plane tables, compasses and other auxiliary apparatus
of the best makes and latest.designs.
Engineering Library and Club, Room. This is a large, beau­
tifully furnished room on the second floor o f Beardsley Hall.
It is equipped with electrical connections for stereopticon lantern
or motion picture machine. The book shelves in this room con­
tain about one thousand volumes of technical works in which is
included transactions of engineering societies and bound volumes
of the most important technical papers and journals. Current
issues of all the leading engineering magazines are also to be
found on the reading tables.
Drafting Rooms. The drafting rooms are equipped with draw­
ing tables, stools and cabinets. In addition to the above equip­
ment this department has a ten-inch Sibley wood turning lathe,
with many extra parts, and a duplex power driven pump for
the use of Freshmen in sketching. The Junior and Senior draw­
ing rooms are also equipped with filing cabinets containing blue
prints and other data to aid the student in the design courses.
The Engineering Laboratories. The Materials Laboratory con­
tains a 15,000-pound Olsen testing machine, and a larger one
having a capacity of 100,000 pounds. Both machines are fitted
for tests in'tension, compression and deflection. In addition,
there is a 50,000-pound Olsen torsional testing machine, and
micrometers for measuring elongation, compression and deflec­
tion ; a Fairbank’s cement testing machine with a complete equip­
ment for making tests on cement; a White-Souther endurance
testing machine, a Shore scleroscope, an Upton-Lewis endurance
testing machine and a complete equipment for the heat treatment
of metals.
For tests in mechanical engineering the equipment consists
of steam and gas engine indicators, planimeters, ■tachometers,
steam and coal calorimeters, pyrometers, gauge and indicator
testing apparatus. This laboratory also contains oil and grease
testing apparatus, a Junker calorimeter for gas and liquid fuel
tests and gas analysis apparatus.
In the Gas Engine Laboratory the apparatus consists of a fivehorse-power Otto gas engine, a ten-horse-power Quincy gasoline

58

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BULLETIN

and kerosene engine, a four-cylinder twenty-horse-power Rutenber automobile engine direct connected to a Tracy fan dyna­
mometer, a ten-horse-power Mietz and Weiss fuel oil engine and
a vertical fifty-horse-power two-cylinder Bruce-Macbeth gas en­
gine. The above engines are fitted fo r testing with Prony brakes
indicating apparatus, etc. This laboratory also contains a
“ R ecco” Rider Ericsson hot-air engine.
The Steam Engine Laboratory contains a fifty-horse-power 8 in.
x 13 in. x 10 in. Ideal tandem-compound high-speed engine, a
10 in. x 24 in. Wetherell-Corliss engine, a seven-kilowatt hori­
zontal Curtis turbine direct connected to a direct-current dy­
namo installed with a separate switchboard. This laboratory
also contains a 5 in. x 8 in. vertical slide-valve engine. The above
engines can be run condensing or non-condensing. The con­
densing apparatus consists of a Wheeler surface condenser. The
steam engine equipment in the College power plant consists of
two one-hundred-horse-power and one sixty-five-horse-power Har­
risburg high-speed engines.
The boiler room contains four one-hundred-and-twenty-fivehorse-power horizontal return tubular boilers fitted with turbo
blowers and automatic damper regulator. F or testing the boil­
ers the plant is equipped with a W ilcox automatic feed water
weigher, coal weighing apparatus, flue gas analysis apparatus,
etc.
The equipment o f the Hydraulic Laboratory consists o f a
D ’Olier centrifugal pump direct connected with a ten-horse­
power direct current motor and fitted with necessary apparatus
for conducting a complete test such as weirs, nozzles, gauges,
etc. A fifteen-horse-power Christiana turbine water wheel fitted
with Prony brake, hook gauges, weirs, etc. A small impulse
water wheel o f the Pelton type.
The Direct Current Laboratory contains a plug type switch­
board supplied with direct current power and connected with
the alternating switchboard so that the equipment in both lab­
oratories may be used in either. It makes possible the rapid
connection in parallel or series of all the apparatus. The me­
chanical power for this room is derived from a twenty-five-horse­
power variable speed induction motor, and the direct current
power from the substation located in the adjoining room. This

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

59

is equipped with two twenty-five-kilowatt one-hundred-and-tenvolt direct current generators of Westinghouse make driven by
two thirty-five-horse-power three-phase General Electric induc­
tion motors; and one fifty-kilowatt General Electric induction
motor-generator set. In addition to the usual control apparatus
there is installed a Tirrill automatic voltage regulator, giving
very steady voltage. The apparatus includes shunt, series and
compound wound motors and generators, motor-generators and
variable speed motors of various types, together with the neces­
sary starting, field, and load rheostats. The meters are of the
most accurate type, the range being from .001 to 500 amperes
and from .001 to 750 volts.
The Alternating Current Laboratory has a switchboard similar
to but larger than the one in the direct-current laboratory. It
is supplied with direct current and with twelve different alter­
nating voltages, the latter being obtained from a bank of three
twenty-KY-A step-down transformers. In addition to this sin­
gle- and three-phase supply a pair of Scott transformers of
four-KV-A rating deliver two-phase power, and a 7.5-KV-A
synchronous generator in the laboratory supplies one, two, three,
six or twelve phases. The main power supply comes from the
power plant, where two seventy-five K V -A and one fifty K V -A
revolving field alternator develop three-phase power at twentythree hundred volts. A good modem switchboard is rendered
doubly useful for teaching purposes, since there are more than
the usual number of switchboard meters which make checking
and comparison more effective. Here also there is a Tirrill volt­
age regulator. In the laboratory in addition to the resistances,
inductances, and condensers (one hundred and forty microfarads)
there are transformers, single- and three-phase induction motors
of several types, a repulsion motor, an inductor generator, two
synchronous converters, a synchronous motor, synchronous gen­
erator and a variable frequency motor generator set giving from
twenty to seventy cycles per second.
Single-phase and three-phase induction potential regulators
give close voltage control. There are a number of high-grade
ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters which make it possible
to read closely any current from .1 to 400 amperes and any
pressure from 10 to 3,000 volts. A vibrating reed frequency

60

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U L LE T IN

meter, a synchroscope, a Contact device for wave form, a power
factor meter, recording and integrating meters are available.
A fully equipped General Electric oscillograph is freely used to
show wave shape and phase relations.
F or the work in illumination there are a Bunsen photometer
of semi-portable type, a three-meter Queen photometer with
Lummer-Brodhun screen, revolving head, etc.; a portable SharpMiliar illuminometer. Many types of lamps and types of glass­
ware are at hand and a study is made of the various types of
lighting around the college to determine where each would be
best applied for interior or outdoor work.
■ SHOP WORK

This work extends through two years for all engineering stu­
dents, and may be continued if desired.
The Machine Shop occupies a large portion of the second floor
of Beardsley Hall and it has a floor area of 3,300 square feet. It
is well lighted and is arranged so that the machine and bench
work are entirely separated. A large tool room is centrally lo­
cated and is in charge of an assistant, who supplies individual
tools on a check system, as is done in commercial shops.
The machine shop contains an excellent assortment of tools,
including screw-cutting engine lathes; speed lathes, simple and
back-geared; a planer; a complete universal milling machine
with milling cutters; a shaper; a twist-drill grinder, and two
vertical drill presses; a latlie-center grinder; plain and swivel
vises; lathe chucks, universal and independent, also drill chucks;
chucks for milling machine and vises for planing; surface plates;
standard gauges and a complete equipment o f small tools.
The equipment of the machine shop includes two Hamilton
engine lathes, 16 in. x 6 f t . ; a Lodge and Shipley lathe of similar
size, a Whitney wet tool grinder, and a 16 in. x 8 ft. Champion
engine lathe of rugged design for the demonstration of high
speed cutting tools. This lathe is double back geared, has taper
turning attachment, compound rest and quick change gear device
giving forty changes of threads without removing a gear. The
gearing on all lathes is covered by guards or casings to prevent
accidents.
The Woodworking Shop extends through the entire length o f

DEPARTM EN TS AN D COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

61

the third floor of Beardsley Hall, and has a floor area of more
than 3,300 square feet. The work benches are fitted with quick­
acting vises and other accessories and are provided with drawers
and tool cabinets in sufficient number to assign each student a
container for his tools and exercises. The plan of individual
assignment of tools and supplies is followed here, and each stu­
dent is provided with a complete set of tools.
All of the woodworking machinery is of the latest design and
each unit has a direct motor drive, and is equipped with approved
safety devices. The equipment includes the following machines •
24-inch Oliver Hand Planer and Jointer.
36-inch Oliver Single Surfacer.
38-inch Oliver Band Saw.
Oliver Universal W ood Trimmer.
Colburn Universal Circular Saw.
Mummert, W olf, and Dixon Oil Tool Grinder.
6-inch Bench type Oliver Hand Jointer.
Post Drill Press and Boring Machine.
24-inch Oliver W ood Turning Lathe.
8 12-inch Oliver Motor Head W ood Turning Lathes.
The tool room is equipped with all small tools and necessary
stock for a complete course in elementary pattern making and
wood working.
The Forge Shop. This equipment consists of ten fires, and
one additional master fire. These forges are operated on the
down-draft principle, and were designed and constructed for this
shop by the Buffalo Forge Company. The forge shop is situated
on the ground floor of the building and covers an area o f more
than 1,000 square feet.
The Foundry is also located on the first floor, and has a floor
space of more than 1,500 square feet. A gas heated cupola or
furnace is in use for melting metals in crucibles. The addi­
tional equipment consists o f moulding benches, flasks and othei
accessory apparatus.
Fees. A fee of five dollars for each semester will be charged
for each course in woodworking, forging and machine practice.
A fee of two dollars for each semester will be charged for each,
course in field practice and surveying. A n additional fee of two
dollars will be charged for the annual survey.

62

S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLE TIN

A Deposit of five dollars will be required of each student en­
rolling for a course in shop work or founding. This deposit will
be retained to cover breakage and loss of tools or supplies, and,
after deducting for such items, the balance will be refunded upon
the completion of the course.
BEARDSLEY HALL

This building is of concrete block construction with reinforced
concrete floors, columns, and stairs. It is three stories high. In
architectural design it is simple and effective, representing the
latest and best type of factory building construction.
The ground floor contains the forge shop, the foundry, a tool
room, a room used for experimental and research work on the
heat treatment of metals, a store room for stock, a vault for
records, a lavatory, and a locker room equipped with steel
lockers.
On the second floor is located the main machine shop, equipped
with high grade metal working machines, tool room and depart­
mental offices. This floor also contains a class room and an en­
gineering library, where the student will find a large collection of
technical books and periodicals.
The third floor, which is similar in plan and dimensions to the
second floor, contains the woodworking department. It also con­
tains a tool room, a stock room, offices and a safety museum.
THE MAJOR IN ENGINEERING

The engineering courses extend through four years; and, in
this respect, differ from the other major courses offered in the
College, which are elected at the beginning of the second year
and extend through the three subsequent years. The students
in Engineering have thus their entire course arranged with the
advice and consent of their course adviser in Engineering.
The m ajor in Engineering may be taken in one o f three courses:
Mechanical, Electrical, or Civil Engineering. The courses of
study constituting the m ajor in Engineering are given in detail
below.
The work for the first two years is common to all students in
Mechanical, Electrical, and Civil Engineering and includes work

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP IN STRU CTION

63

in English, Pure Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Drawing and
Shop Work.
The work offered in the shops throughout the several courses
is intended to teach the principles of manufacturing and to
familiarize the student with methods and processes of the me­
chanic arts. The student works in the various shops of the de­
partment, and completes in each a series o f practical exercises.
He thus obtains some knowledge of the nature and properties
of the various materials he employs, and becomes familiar with
the use and care of the more important hand and machine tools.
A complete checking, cost, and time-keeping system is in opera­
tion throughout the shops; The system is in charge of a shop
clerk, and each student is required to spend a part of his time
in the office to familiarize himself with the system. The object
is to make the shop courses not only a means of developing the
powers of observation and judgment, together with the acquisi­
tion o f mechanical skill, but to familiarize the student with busi­
ness methods and make the shops serve as a laboratory for work
in Industrial Organization.
During the third year the Mechanical Engineering students
take up work in Kinematics of Machinery and Drawing, while
those in Civil Engineering are assigned Field Practice, and Ele­
mentary Structural Design. During the fourth year, opportunity
is offered fo r more definite specialization in the branches of Me­
chanical, Electrical, and Civil Engineering as indicated in thé
courses outlined.

AD VAN CED D EG REES IN CIVIL, M ECHANICAL, AND
E LE C TR IC A L ENGINEERING
The advanced degrees of Mechanical Engineer (M .E .), Elec­
trical Engineer (E .E .), and Civil Engineer (C .E .), may be ob­
tained by graduates who have received their Batchelor’s degree
in engineering upon the fulfilling o f the requirements given be­
low:
1. The candidate must have been connected with practical
engineering work for three years since receiving his first degree.
2. H e must have had charge of engineering work and must
be in a position of responsibility and trust at the time of appli­
cation.
3. H e must make application and submit an outline of the
thesis he expects to present, one full year before the advanced
degree is to be conferred. A fter this application is made he
will rceivd an outlined course of study to pursue during the
year.
.
4. The thesis must be submitted for approval, and satisfactory
evidence given that the reading requirement has been met one
calendar month before the time of granting the degree.
5. Every candidate shall pay a registration fee of $5 and an
additional fee of $20 when the degree is conferred.
Courses op S tudy
I. Civil Engineering.
Freshman year. See pages 53 and 54.
Sophomore year. See pages 53 and 54.
JUNIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page

Hours per Week
Class

Lab’ y

_

Credits
3
3

Advanced Physics.................
Direct Current Theory........
Field Practice........................
Direct Current Laboratory...

3
3
3
2
2
—
—

—
—
3
—
6
3

3
2
2
1

Totals.....................

13

12

17

69
76

Mechanical Engineering 215 Mechanics of Materials.......
Mathematics 256.................. Integral Calculus..................

79
72
70
72

Physics 272...........................
Electrical Engineering 237..
Surveying 2 2 4 .............•••••
Electrical Engineering 238 ..

64

65

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
Second Semester
See Page

69
76
72
72
68

71
79

Engineering 2 1 5 ...................
Mathematics 257..................
Group 2 .................................
Electrical Engineering 237..
Electrical Engineering 238..
Civil Engineering 196...........
Mechanical Engineering 232
Physics 272 or Elective.........

Mechanics of Materials
Analytic Mechanics. . . .
Direct Current Theory........
Direct Current Laboratory...
Structural Design.................
Experimental Laboratory...
Advanced Physics.................
Totals

_

2

3
6
4
3

3
3
3
2
1
2
2
3

13

16

19

s
3
3
2
—
—
—

—
—
—

SENIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page

Class

Religion and Philosophy 131

Lab’y

Credits

Bible Study...........................

2
2
3
3
8
2

—

4
3
3
3
3
2

Totals.....................

15

9

18

71
71
70
42

Hours per Week

6
3
—
_

Second Semester
3
3
3
3

71
71

___

42

II.

Religion and Philosophy 131

Bible Study...........................

1

Totals.....................

13

9
6

3
3
3
3
3
2

15

18

—
—

Mechanical Engineering.

Freshman year. See pages 53 and 54.
Sophomore year. See pages 53 and 54.
JUNIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page
69
76
79
72
68
69
72

Hours per Week
Class

Physics 272...........................
Electrical Engineering 237.. Direct Current Theory..........
Mechanical Engineering 195 Kinematic Drawing.............
Mechanical Engineerincr 214 Kinematics............................
Electrical Engineering 238... Direct Current Laboratory...
Totals...................

Lab’y

Credits

2
—

6
—
3

3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1

15

11

19

3
3
3
2
2
—

_
___

2
—

66

SW AR TH M O K E COLLEGE B U LLE TIN
Second Semester

See Page

69
76
72
72
71
68
79

Engineering 2 1 5 ...................
Mathematics 257..................
Group 2 .................................
Electrical Engineering 237..
Electrical Engineering 238..
Mechanical Engineering 232
Mechanical Engineering 195
Physics 272 or Elective.........

Mechanics of Materials
Analytic Mechanics.. . .
Direct Current T heory...
Direct Current Laboratory,
Experimental Laboratory.
Kinematic Drawing..........
Advanced Physics.............
Totals.................

SENIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page

Hours per Week
Class

70
68

Mechanical Engineering 217
Mechanical Engineering 197

Machine Design....................
Machine Design Drawing...

71
72
70
42-

Mechanical Engineering 233
Mechanical Engineering 216
Religion and Philosophy 131

Experimental Laboratory...
Steam Machinery.................
Bible Study...........................

S
2

Totals........................

14

S
—

3
3

Lab’y

Credits

—

3
2
3
3
2
3
2

10

18

_6
4
—

Second Semester
70
68

72
70
74
42

Mechanical Engineering 217
Mechanical Engineering 197
Group 3 ..................................
Elective.................... ............
Mechanical Engine« ring 233
Mechanical Engineering 219
Mechanical Engineering 249
Thesis or Elective...................
Religion and Philosophy 131

Machine Design....................
Machine Design Drawing...
Experimental Laboratory...
Power Plants.........................
Principles of Manufacturing
Laboratory Research...........
Bible Study...........................
Totals.....................

1

6
—

2
2
8
2
2
8
1
2
1

12

16

18

2
—

3
2
—

3
1
—

6
—
—

4
—
—

III. Electrical Engineering.
Freshman year. See pages 53 and 54.
Sophomore year. See pages 53 and 54.
JUNIOR YEAR
First Semester

Hours per Week

See
Page

Class

73

3
3
2
3
2

79
69
72

Electrical Engineering 237. .

72
72

Electrical Engineering 239. .
Electrical Engineering 238... Direct Current Laboratory...

I.ab’y

Credits

1

2
S

3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1

14

8

19

3

_

6 i

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSÉS OF INSTRUCTION

Second Semester
See Page
3
3

76

2

7*
72

Electrical Engineering 237.. Direct Current Theory........
Electrical Engineering 238. . Direct Current Laboratory.

—

71

Mechanical Engineering 232 Experimental Laboratory. . . .

—

79

Physics 272 or Elective........

_

3
3
2

—
—-

1

3

3

—-

■

3
2

6

—

2

—

Advanced Physics.................

£

3

3

Totals.....................

IS

12

19

SENIOR YEAR
First Semester
See
Page
78

73

73
73
70

Hours per Week
Class

Electrical Engineering 240.. Alternating Current Theory.
Electrical Engineering 241. . Alternating Current Labor«
atory..................................

Lab’y

8

_

—

3

3
3

—
—

3

—
—

Electrical Engineering 242.. Central Stations and Power
Transmission.....................
Electrical Engineering 246.. Conferences...........................
Mechanical Engineering 216 Steam Machinery....... .. ...

3

Totals.....................

16

1

Credits
3
1

2
3
3
3

—

i
8

3

19

78
73
73
70
,73

Electrical Engineering 243..
Electrical Engineering 244..
Electrical Engineering 245..
Group 3 ..................................
Elective.............
Mechanical Engineering 219
Electrical Engineering 246..
Thesis or Elective...................

Polyphase Currents .. .
Polyphase Laboratory .
Electric R ailw ays.......

8
3
8

Power Plants.
Conferences...

3
1

11 111loi

Second Semester

13

8

Totals.

191. 'Engineering Drawing.
Six hours a week during the first semester. Two hours’ credit.
lin ea r drawing, lettering, model and object sketching of machine parts.
Open to Freshmen.

192. Engineering Drawing.
Six hours a week during the second semester. Two hours* credit.
This work is intended to instruct the student in the making and reading of com­
mereiai working drawings. The character of the work is such as is followed in the
best modern drafting rooms, and attention is given to standard conventions, tabu­
lations, titling, etc.
Open to Freshmen.

193. Descriptive Geometry.
Six hours a week during the first semester. Two hours' credit.
This work consists of lectures, recitations, and drawing-board work upon thè
presentation of lines, planes, and solids; tangencies, intersections, sections, develop-

68

SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

ments and isometric projection. It is intended to give the student an understanding
o f the theory of projection and the principles necessary to the proper delineation and
interpretation o f constructive drawings. Work is done in all quadrants, but the prac­
tical problems, introduced to illustrate the application of the subject to subsequent
work in design, are shown in the third quadrant.
Open to Sophomores: prerequisites, Courses 192 and 251.

194. Empirical Design and Machine Drawing.
Six hour8 a week during the second semester. Two hours’ credit.
Machine drawing and empirical designing, an extension of the work in 192. Pro­
portioning of machine details as fixed, by practice and empirical methods. Making
and using standard data sheets. Making o f assembly drawings. The general aim
of the course is to give the beginner a drill in the proportioning of such parts as are
fixed by common practice, empirical formulae, rather than by mathematical theory
and to apply the work of 192.
Open to Sophomores; prerequisites, Courses 192 and 193.

195. Kinematic Drawing.
Six hours a week during the first semester and three during the second. Three hours’
credit.
Drawing-board application of Course 214. Solution of mechanism by means of in­
stant centers, designing of cams, gears, linkages, etc. Drawing of velocity and ac­
celeration diagrams.
Open to Juniors in M. E .; prerequisite,. Course 194, and must be taken with Course
215.

196. Elements of Structural Design.
Six hours a week during the second semester. Two hours’ credit.
Computation of stresses in trusses, mainly by graphic methods. The forms and
strength of joints and fastenings used in heavy framing. Besides the graphic analysis
o f simple beams and roof trusses, complete detail designs and working drawings of
joints to resist large tensile stresses, and of a wooden roof truss for given specifica­
tions. Elements o f designing in structural steels.
Required of Civil Engineering Students only.
Open to Juniors; prerequisites,
Courses 193 and 194, and must be taken with Course 215.

197. Drawing and Design.
Six hours a week during each semester. Two hours’ credit for each semester.
Drawing-room problems in elementary machine design illustrating the work as given
in 195. In this course the student for the first time undertakes the design of a com­
plete machine, laying out the general outlines, proportioning the details theoretically,
and modifying his results by practical considerations. AH computations necessary for
the complete design must be carefully and systematically made and kept. Working
drawings of the most important details and a finished assembly drawing of the ma­
chine are completed.
Open to Seniors in M. E .; prerequisites, Courses 193 and 194, and must be taken
with 217.

198. Structural Design.
Six hours during first semester.
Three hours’ credit. Six hours during second
semester. Three hours’ credit.
Computation of stresses; types and details of bridge and roof trusses; reports, draw­
ings ; complete desigir of a plate girder and a through Pratt railway bridge.
Open to Seniors in C. E .; prerequisite, Course 196.

DEPARTM EN TS A N D COURSES OF IN STRUCTION

69

199. Topographical Drawing.
Three hours a week during first iemester. One hour’s credit.
A topographic map will be drawn from the field notes of the annual survey.
Open to Seniors in C. E. ; prerequisite, the annual survey.

203. Pattern Making.
Six hours a week during first semester and alternateè with 204 during second semester.
Two hours* credit for first semester and one hour’s credit for second semester.
A preliminary course o f instruction in the use of hand and machine tools for woodworking, followed by graded instruction in pattern-making, construction of core boxes,
etc.
- Open to Freshmen.

204. Foundry Work.
Three hours a week during the second semester. One hour’s credit.
Moulding, mixing, and casting of metals and core-making, etc. The student is re­
quired to produce castings from the complete set o f patterns made in Course 203.
Open to Freshmen.

205. Forge Work.
Three hours a week during the first sernester. One hour’s credit.
Forging, welding, tool-dressing, tempering, etc., and a study of press and die work
and “ drop forgings.”
Open to Sophomores.

206. Machine Work.
Three hours a week during the first semester and six during the second. One hour’s
credit for first semester and two for the second.
Use o f measuring tools, hand and machine tools, fitting and assembling. Operation
and use o f jigs and other manufacturing fixtures.
Open to Sophomores.

207. Machine Work.
Open to Juniors and Seniors.

One week preceding the opening of college.
A continuation of 206.

213. Materials of Construction.
Two hours a week during
This course consists of a study of the physical properties and
facture of the various materials used in engineering construction.
of the strength of materials as given in the course on Mechanics of
Open to Sophomores; prerequisite, Course 171.

the first semester.
methods of manu­
It does not treat
Materials. [215.]

214. Kinematics.
Two recitations a week during the first semester. Two hours* credit.
Theory o f mechanism, instant centers, cams, gears, linkages, etc. Velocity and
acceleration diagrams.
Open to Juniors; prerequisite, Course 194.

215. Mechanics of Materials.
Three recitations a week during first semester. Three hows* credit. Two recitations
and one lecture a week during second semester. Three hours* credit.
This course continues throughout the year and credit will not be given for a single
semester.

70

SW A B TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLETIN

This course treats of the resistance o f materials, center of gravity, moment of
inertia, riveted joints, mechanics o f beams, columns, shafts; combined stresses, tem• perature. stresses, impact arid resilience.
Open to Juniors; prerequisites, Courses 256 and 213.

216. Steam Machinery.
Three hours a week during the first semester. Three hours' credit.
, . The course covers the elementary consideration o f the behavior of gases and vapors;
theoretical heat engines.; .application of theory to steam engines; principles governing
. the transfer of heat from hot gases to water; principles of combustion; boiler furnaces
, and grates; .types .of boilers; feed-water heaters, economizers, super heaters, advantages of condensing; types of condensers, condenser pumps, etc.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 171, 256, 272, and 273.,

217. Machine Design.
. ..One lecture, and two recitations a week during the first semester. Three hours' credit.
One lecture and one recitation during the second semester. Two hours' credit.
Analysis, of complete machines. Selection o f mechanism for specified work and
study of practical considerations involved. Analysis of energy and force problems in
machines. Determination o f driving devices as based on work to be done. Propor­
tioning of detailed parts as dictated by stress and practical considerations. . Applica­
tion o f the laws of Mechanics and Kinematics to the design of machines and a dis­
cussion o f empirical design and modifications due to practical considerations.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 214 and 195, and must be taken with 197.

218. Pumping Machinery.
Two hour8 a week during second semester. Lectures, recitations and problems. Two
hours' credit.
This course consists of the theory of air compressors, design of distributing systems
and compressed air plants; study of machines for pumping liquids, with a description
o f types, together with a description of pumping plants to meet given conditions.
Special attention will be given to centrifugal and turbine pumps, and the complete
calculations and part design of a high-pressure, multi-stage turbine pump will be
included.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 216 and 225.

219. Power Plants.
Two hours a week during second semester. Lectures, recitations and problems. Two
hours' credit.
This course consists of the description, function and operating combinations of
boilers, engines, .heaters, condensers, economizers, piping systems, etc.
Open to Seniors.

223. Surveying.
Six hours a week durinv the second semester. Two hours' credit.
Theory and field work; land surveying; leveling; laying o u t-o f buildings; study
of construction and adjustment of surveying instruments; drawing of a map from
. the. field, notes.,
Open to Sophomores; prerequisite, Course 253.

224. Surveying.
Six hours a week during the second semester. Two hours' credit.
Theory and field work. Problems involving the accurate use of chain, tape, transit
and level; city surveying.
The field work includes the use o f the stadia for both traverse and topography.
Open to Juniors; prerequisite, 'Course* 223.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

71

225. Hydraulics.
Three hours a week during the first semester. Three hours’ credit.
Fluids at rest. Hydrostatic pressure. Pressure of water against walls and dams.
Steady flow o f liquids through pipes and orifices and over weirs. Fluid friction.
Loss of head. Steady flow o f water in open channels. Kutter’s formula and dia­
grams based thereon. Theory of various kinds of hydraulic motors, etc.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 256 and 257.

226. Railroads.
Recitation* and field work during the first semester. Fowr hours’ credit. Lectures,
recitations and problems during the second semester. Three hours’ credit.
First Semester.— Circular curves; transition curves; turnouts, cross-sections. Com­
plete surveys will be made for the location of a section of railway; cross-sections will
be taken and structure surveys made. Each student will make a map and profile
of the entire line with an estimate of the qualities and cost, including grading, track
and structures.
Second Semester.— Lectures, recitations, and problems. The construction, main­
tenance and operation of railroads.
Open to Seniors; prerequisite, Course 223.

227. Municipal Engineering.
Two hours of recitations, lectures and problems per week, during second semester, two
hours' credit.
(a ) Study o f the design, construction, and operation of municipal waterworks and
sewerage systems: water and sewage purification; garbage disposal; (b ) Roads and
pavements.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 223 and 225.

228. Concrete Construction.
Three hours* lectures and recitation during the second semester. Three hours* credit.
Study of reinforced construction and design; properties of the material; general
theory; tests of beams and columns; working stresses; use of diagrams and tables,
in building construction. Complete design of one bay of a reinforced concrete factory
building.

229. Engineering Problems.
One hour’s credit each semester.
Problems such as occur in ordinary engineering practice, chosen to show the ap­
plication of the principles of both mechanics and hydraulics to practical design.
These problems cover a wide range of subjects and afford opportunity for both
analytical and graphical solutions. Computations and reports.

230. The Annual Survey.
One week preceding the opening of college.
Topographic surveying.
Open to Sophomores and required with Course 223.

One hour’s credit.

231. The Annual Survey.
One week preceding the opening of college.
Topographic surveying; precise measurement; triangulation.
Open to Juniors and required with Course 224.

232. Experimental Laboratory.
Four hours a week during second semester. Two hours’ credit.
Use of engineering computing devices. Experiments involving the parallelogram of

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S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

forces, center of gravity of plates, systems of levers; the mechanical strength of ma­
terials, tension, torsion, transverse and compression tests. The study of the variation
of mechanical strength with differences in composition or heat treatment applied to
steel and cast irons, demonstration of modern methods of tempering, annealing, heat
treating, etc. Reports are required to he written up neatly and fully, and must
include all the data and results of tests, together with conclusions. The preparation
o f the report is considered an important part o f the course.
Open to Juniors; prerequisites, Courses 171, 215, 256, 272, 273.

233. Experimental Laboratory.
Four hour8 each semester. Two hours’ credit each semester.
This course covers laboratory work, recitations and written reports. The course
covers calibration o f indicator springs, steam gauges, thermometers, dynamometers,
viscosity and friction tests of lubricants, tests and heating values of coals, tests of
various forms of Calorimeters, measurements of water, valve setting, efficiency tests of
steam boilers, Corliss simple engine, Ideal compound engine, steam heaters and con­
densers, pump and water wheels, gas engines, etc.
Open to Seniors; prerequisites, Courses 216 and 232.

234. Gas Machinery Design.
Two lectures a week and one three-hour drawing period. During first and second
semester. Three hours’ credit.
The course consists o f the rational and empirical design of internal combustion
engines and gas producers. The drawing period to cover the practical application
o f principles discussed in the lectures.
Open to Seniors, prerequisites, Courses 214, 215 and 232.

235. Gas Power Machinery.
Two .lectures' a week, second semester. Two hours’ credit.
General theory and important points in the design and operation of internal com­
bustion engines and gas producers. Description of existing commercial types, study
of relative advantages and consideration of questions of economy.
Open to Seniors.

236. Steam Turbines.
One lecture a week during second semester. One hour’s credit.
Classification of turbines and description of leading features of various types. Cal­
culations involved in turbine design. Adaptability to special conditions of service and
discussion of building, erecting and testing.
Open to Seniors; prerequisite, Course 216.

237. Direct Current Theory.
Two hours a week throughout the year.
A detailed study of the theory of direct currents, direct-current generators, motors
and their applications.

238. Direct Current Laboratory.
One hour a week throughout the year.
The testing of direct-current generators, motors and apparatus.
To accompany Course 237.

239. Illumination.
Two hours a week for the first semester.
Photometrical measurements o f light sources, with the theory of light distribution.
Open to Juniors taking Engineering and Science Courses.

DEPARTM EN TS A N D COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

73

240. Alternating Current Theory.
Three houri a week for the firet semester.
The theory of alternating currents with especial reference to single-phase genera­
tors, motors, and transformers.
Prerequisites, Courses 237 and 238.

241. Alternating Current Laboratory.
One hour a week for the first semester.
A laboratory course. including the testing of single-phase generators, motors, transxormers, meters, etc.
To accompany Course 240.

242. Central Stations and Power Transmission.
Three hoUrs a week for the first semester.
A study of the electrical design, installation, equipment and economic operation of
central stations with the theory of transmission and of the lines used in the distribu­
tion of electric power.
Prerequisites, Courses 237 and 238.

243. Polyphase Currents.
Three hours a week for the second semester.
An elementary course in the theory and application of polyphase machinery and
appliances.
Prerequisites, Courses 240 and 241.

244. Polyphase Laboratory.
One hour a week for the second semester.
A laboratory course in the testing of polyphase machinery and appliances.
To accompany Course 243.

245. Electric .Railways.
Three hours a week for the second semester.
A study of the equipment and operation of trolley lines and the electrification of
steam roads.
Prerequisites, Courses 237 and 240.

246. Conferences.
One hour a week throughout the year.
A seminary course in which papers are presented on definite problems in electrical
engineering, with a discussion of methods of solution. This course is supplemented
by trips to electric stations in which an opportunity is afforded to observe practical
solutions o f the problems considered.

247. Social Engineering.
One hour a week throughout the year.
A study of betterment work in the industries. Safety, hygiene, cooperation, profitsharing, pensions, social insurance, housing, education, recreation and affiliated ques­
tions are considered.

248. Efficiency.
Three hours a week during the second semester. One how*s credit.
This work consists of a study o f the principles o f efficiency. Records, plans,

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S W A B TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLETIN

schedules, dispatching, standardized conditions and operations, etc., are considered
and applied both to the individual and the shop organization.

249. Principles o f Manufacturing and Factory Management.
One hour dv/ring the second semester. One hour’s credit.
Theory of measuring tools, shop tools and equipment; shop processes; manufac­
turing methods; theory of cost and time-keeping systems; factory management.
Open to Seniors in M.E.

Mathematics and Astronom y
The instruction o f this department is under the direction of
Professor John A. Miller. Ross W. Marriott* and John H. Pitman
are Assistant Professors. Earle B. Miller is Acting Assistant
Professor. Caroline H. Smedley is Acting Instructor of Mathe­
matics and Research Assistant in the Observatory. Ethelwyn
Bower is Acting Instructor. Rev. Walter A. M&tos is Voluntary
Observer. Murat Louis Johnson is non-resident lecturer in the
Mathematics of Insurance.
The courses in Mathematics are designed to meet the wants
o f students desiring later to do graduate work in the best uni­
versities; to teach mathematics in the preparatory schools; to
pursue engineering or other technical courses; to enter profes­
sions requiring a knowledge o f Mathematics, such as actuarial
work, expert accounting, ballistic engineering, etc. The college
requirement of six hours o f Mathematics for all candidates for
graduation may be satisfied by passing three hours of Course
252 and Course 253, or by passing Courses 251 and 252, or by
passing six hours o f Astronomy. The first of these three alterna­
tives is recommended. Students majoring in Mathematics will
take the first year Courses 252 and 253.
A description of the instrumental equipment for astronomy
may be found in the Swarthmore College Bulletin for December,
1918, pp. 22-24. The teaching staff is at present devoting as
much time as is consistent with their teaching duties to studies
in stellar parallax with the twenty-four-inch telescope, and in
comet photography with the photographic telescope. Results of
these studies are published in the Sproul Observatory publica­
tions, and various scientific journals.
Students interested in either of these problems may work with
advantage in conjunction with one o f the professors.
* Absent on leave for Government work, 1918-1919.

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

75

The observatory is open to visitors on the second and fourth
Tuesday nights of each month, except those Tuesday nights that
fall in a vacation period. This affords an opportunity o f seeing
in the course of a year, many celestial objects of various types.
The Mathematical and Astronomical Club, an association of
students in Mathematics and allied subjects, and instructors in
Mathematics, meets on the first and third Tuesday o f each month
in thé lecture room o f the Sproul Observatory. A t these meet­
ings, reports are given by students on subjects usually not pre­
sented in the classroom. Active participation in the club by
students majoring in the department is urged.
A departmental library is located on the first floor of the Ob­
servatory. It contains about two thousand volumes and is suffi­
ciently complete to make it a good working library. It is reason­
ably supplied with standard treatises, particularly those pub­
lished in the last two decades. It contains complete sets of
nearly all the American Mathematical and Astronomical peri­
odicals, and sets, some o f which are complete, some of which are
not, of the leading English, German, and French periodicals.
This library receives in exchange for the publications of the
observatory, the publications o f many o f the leading observa­
tories of the world.
The departmental library has been repeatedly enriched through
the benefactions of Professor S. J. Cunningham. Upon her
retirement in 1906, she donated her private library. In 1908
she gave a fund which is being spent for the library, and in
1910 she gave a fund the income o f which will be devoted to
the purchase of books and periodicals. A fund given by Senator
William C. Sproul has made possible the purchase of complete
files of various astronomical periodicals and other astronomical
publications.
COURSES IN MATHEMATICS

251. Solid Geometry.

Assistant Professor Pitman.
Three hours a week during first semester.

Offered annually.

Phillips and Fisher, Solid Geometry.

252. Algebra.

Assistant Professors Pitman and Miller.

Three hours a week during first semester, a/nd two hours a week during second sem­
ester. Offered annually.

The fundamental operations and their laws of combination.

A short review of

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S W A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLE TIN

factoring and simultaneous equations.
The transformation theorems ; remainder
theorem; symmetric functions; differences; permutations and combinations; binominal
theorem ; series ; theory of equations ; determinants and elimination. Fine, College
Algebra.

.253. Trigonometry. Assistant Professors Pitman and Miller, Miss Smedley
and Miss Bower.
Three hours a week during first semester; repeated in Sécofid semester. Offered
annually.
The trigonometric ratios ; reduction of trigonometric identities,; solution of trig­
onometric equations ; inverse functions ; solution of triangles and use Of tables. Palfner
and Ieigh, Trigonometry.

254. Analytic Geometry.

Professor Miller.

Three hours a week during the firét semester. Offered annually.
Theory of Cartesian and Polar coordinates; the straight line; the conic sections;
the general equation of the second degree; an introduction to the Analytic Geometry
of three dimensions. Wilson and Tracey, Analytic Geometry.
Prerequisites, Courses 252 and 253.

255. Differential Calculus. Assistant Professors Pitman and Miller.
Three hours a week during Second semester. Offered aniiuaUy.
A study o f text, supplemented by an occasional lecture. Granville, Differential and
Integral Calculus.
Prerequisite, Course 254.

256. Integral Calculus.

Assistant Professor Miller.

Three hours a week during the first semester, Offered annually.
A study of text, supplemented by lectures. Granville, Differential arid Integral
Calculus.
Prerequisite, Course 255.

257. Analytical Mechanics.

Professor Miller.

Three hours a week during second semester. Offered annually.
Composition and resolution of forces ; center of gravity ; moments ; velocity ; accelera­
tion; collision o f bodies; the integration of simple équations of motion. Ohe of the
purposes of the course is to develop facility in applying mathematical formulas and
methods to the investigation of physical phenomena.
Miller and Lilly, Analytic
Mechanics.
Open to students who have credit in Course 256.

258. Theory of Equations and Determinants.

Assistant Professor Miller.

Two hours a week during first semester.
.Cajori, Theory of Equations.
Prerequisite, Course 254.

Offered annually.

259. Solid Analytic Geometry. Assistant Professor Pitman.
Two hours a week during second semester. Offered annually.
Fine and Thompson, Coordinate Geometry, supplemented by lectures.
Prerequisite, Course 255.

260. Advanced Calculus.

Professor Miller.

Three hours a week during first semester.

Offered annually.

Total and partial derivatives; theory of inflnitessimalg; development of série«;

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

77

definite integrals; approximations. The aim of the course is three-fold; to ground
the student in the elementary work which has preceded it; to afford the merest in­
troduction to the theory of functions; and to develop skill in the application of the
principles of the Calculus to Geometry, and Mechanics. Osgood, Calculus.
Open to students having credit in 257, 258, and 259.

261. (a) The Mathematics of Investment and Insurance.
and Mr. Johnson.

Professor Miller

Two hours a week during second semester. Offered annually.
The theory o f compound interest; annuities; sinking funds; interest rates; theory of
Probability; mortality tables. Completion of this course, Courses 251-256, and an
introduction to the theory of Finite Differences should enable the student to proceed
with the examinations for admission to the Actuarial Society of America. Skinner,
Mathematical Theory of Investment.
. Prerequisite, Course 252.

261. (b) Navigation.

Professor Miller.

Three hours a week during first semester. Given in 1917-18.
The determination of latitude and longitude from sextant observations; sailings,
mercator charts; compass deviation. This course is given in alternate years, alterna­
ting with Course 261 (c ).

261. (c) The Theory of Ballistics. Professor Miller.
Three hours a week during first semester. Given in 1918-19.
The theory of exterior ballistics. This course is given in alternate years, alterna­
ting with 261 (b ),

265. Differential Equations. Assistant Professor Miller.
Three hours a week during second semester. Offered annually.
A study of ordinary and partial differential equations, with their applications to
geometrical, physical, and mechanical problems. Cohen, Differential Equations.
Prerequisite, Course 256.

266. Mathematical Analysis. Assistant Professor Marriott.
Three hours a week during first semester, and two hours a week during second sem­
ester. Given in 1916-17.
An introduction to higher mathematical analysis, including the number concept from
a standpoint of regular sequences; number fields and domains; properties of func­
tions of real and complex variables, linear transformations and collineations; matrices
and invariants. The course is intended as a transition from the elementary to the
higher mathematics.
Open to Seniors and Graduates majoring in Mathematics.

COURSES IN ASTRONOMY

262. Descriptive Astronomy. Professor Miller.
Three hours a week throughout the year. Offered annually.
A study of the fundamental facts and laws of Astronomy, and of the methods and
instruments o f modern astronomical research. The course is designed to give infor­
mation rather than to train scientists. A study of the textbook will be supplemented,
by lectures illustrated by lantern slides from photographs made at various observa­
tories. The class will learn the more conspicuous constellations and have an oppor­
tunity to see the various types o f celestial objects through the telescope. The treat­
ment is non-mathematical. Young, The Manual of Astronomy.
Prerequisite, Solid Geometry.

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SW A B TH M O R E COLLEGE BU LLE TIN

263. Practical Astronomy. Assistant Professor Pitman.
Hour to be arranged.
Theory and use of the transit instrument; determination of time; the latitude of
Swarthmore; theory of the determination of longitude.
Intended for students of
Astronomy and Engineering and those desiring to take the civil service examinations
for positions in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Prerequisites, Courses 255 and 262.

264. Orbit Computation.

Assistant Professor Pitman.

Three hours a week during second semester. Given in 1918-19.
Central orbits; computation of the orbit o f a comet or an asteroid. Leuschner’s
Short Method.
Open to Juniors and Seniors having credit in 267.

267. Method of Least Squares. Assistant Professor Pitman.
Three hours a week during first semester. Given in 1917-18.
The law o f errors; the probability curve; adjustment of observations; weights
and probable errors. The theory will be applied to practical problems in astronomy.
A .few supplementary lectures will be given on the methods of interpolation and
mechanical quadratures.
Merriman, Least Squares.
Open to Juniors and Seniors.

268. Special Courses.
Graduate students may work in conjunction with one of the professors on a n y '
problem upon which a professor is working. The student is encouraged to familiarize
himself wjth the literature of the problem in hand and to ground himself in its fun­
damental principles.
Undergraduate students are directed in the preparation of papers for which- it is
necessary to make a rather extensive examination o f the accessible literature touching,
a given subject.

269. Celestial Mechanics. Professor Miller.
Three hours a week during the second semester.
Moulton, Introduction to Celestial Mechanics.

Given in 1918-19.

Physics
The instruction in this department is under the direction of
Assistant Professor Winthrop R. Wright.
The department aims to give a thorough and general training
in the subject during the first two years that will enable one to
pursue intelligently the study of engineering and the more ad­
vanced courses in Physics. This training also affords preparation
for teaching Physics in high schools and preparatory schools.
Instruction, in most o f the courses, is supplemented by rigor­
ous laboratory work. The apparatus used in connection with th is.
is modem and mostly new. The laboratory is Well equipped for

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

79

advanced work in the study o f light, electricity, and magnetism.
Students who major in Physics must be prepared to do faith­
ful and painstaking work. They should, if possible, start the
work in the freshman year. They must have a reading knowl­
edge of either French or German before entering the work of the
Junior year.
The advanced courses in Physics will afford the student the
necessary preparation for post-graduate study in any one o f the
universities or for research work in the numerous industrial and
government laboratories.
No credit will be given for the first semester’s work in Courses
271 and 272 unless followed by the work of the second semester.

THE COURSES IN PHYSICS

271. General Physics.
Three hours throughout the year. Offered annually.
Two hours o f lecture and three hours of laboratory work each week. The solution
of practical problems involving the various laws which are studied forms a regular
and important part of the student’s work.
Open to Freshmen.

272. Advanced General Physics.
Three hours
Two hours of lecture and three hours of
work will be assigned throughout the year.
Open to students who have passed Course
structor, are prepared for this more advanced

throughout the year. Offered annually.
laboratory work each week. Problem
271,’ or who, in the opinion of the in*
work.

273. Magnetic and Electrical Measurements.
Three hours for first semester.

Offered annually.

One or two hours of lecture at the pleasure of the instructor and from three to
five hours of laboratory work each week. The course is designed for familiarizing
the student with the construction and use of modern standard electrical and mag­
netic measuring instruments. The laboratory work consists in measuring with ac­
curacy, resistance, electromotive force, current, capacity, inductance, and magnetic
properties. Both practical and theoretical problems dealing with subjects of electricity
and magnetism are assigned regularly.
Open to students who have passed Course 272.

274. Theories of Magnetism.
Three hours during second semester. Offered in' 1919-20.
Two hours o f lecture and three hours of laboratory each week. The laboratory
work consists in studying the magnetic properties o f iron and other metals and the
variation in these properties produced by various heat and mechanical treatments.
Open to students who have passed Course 273.

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SW A R T H MORE COLLEGE B U LLETIN

276. The Conduction of Electricity Through Gases.
One "hour a week during first semester. Offered annually.
On© hour o f lecture each week. The subject is developed historically and deals
with the Cathode Ray, the Canal Rays, and the X-rays, and their relation to the
q 8
and y radiations given out by radium and other radio-active substances. The
purpose of the course is to familiarize the student with some of the modern views
concerning the constitution o f matter.
Open to students who have passed Course 272.

277. Light.
Two hours a week during second semester. Offered in 1919-20.
One hour o f lecture and three hours of laboratory work each week. The subject
is developed, and the various phenomena explained, in accordance with the wave
theory. The laboratory work consists in reproducing and obtaining a photographic
record of these phenomena.
Open to students who have passed Course 272.

Physical Education
The Physical Education o f the college is under the direction of
E. LeRoy Mercer, M.D., Assistant Professor of Physical Educa­
tion. He is assisted in the courses for women by Miss Helen
Culin, Miss Elizabeth Lanning, and Dr. Mary R. Hadley Lewis.
The aim of the department o f Physical Education is to pro­
mote the general physical well being of the students, and to
assist them to gain the hygienic, corrective, and educative effect
of rightly regulated exercise.
In order that this object may be better attained, and to assist
the director in gaining a definite knowledge of the strength
and weakness o f the individual, a careful physical examination
and medical inspection (eye, nose, and throat) is required, which
serves as a basis for the work.
A ll students must take the prescribed work in Physical Educa­
tion. It is strongly recommended that, before entering College,
each student undergo a thorough visual examination and be fitted
with glasses, if there is a need fo r them.
For a general statement in regard to the facilities for physical
training at Swarthmore see Swarthmore College Bulletin for
December, 1918, pp. 24-25.
REQU IREM EN TS FOR M E N

Two hours a week of regular prescribed work are required of
all men in the first and second year classes.
Intercollegiate contests in various athletic and aquatic sports

DEPARTM EN TS AND COURSES OP IN STRU CTION

81

are conducted by the Athletic Association, but under the over­
sight of the Athletic Committee and the Director of Physical
Education, who may at any time forbid any man entering a con­
test whose physical condition is not satisfactory.
COURSES FOR MEN

1. Physical Education. Dr. Mercer.
Two houTs a week throughout the year (two sections).
This course is required of all first-year men, who may elect from the following
during the fall months, opening of college to Thanksgiving recess: Football, lacrosse,
cross-country, track, and tennis.
Ending of Thanksgiving recess to spring recess: The classes meet in the gym­
nasium and the work consists of gymnastics and athletics so fitted to the students’
life that it will be both beneficial and pleasant.
Ending of spring recess to Commencement, election may be made from the follow­
ing: Baseball, lacrosse, track, and tennis.
Freshmen will be required to attend one swimming period weekly.

2. Physical Education. Dr. Mercer.
Two hours a week throughout the year (two sections).
This course is required o f all second-year men. The plan and nature of the work
is similar to Course 1, but more advanced.

3. Physical Education.

Dr. Mercer.

Juniors and Seniors, one hour each week (optional).
From Thanksgiving recess to the spring recess, gymnastic exercises and recreative
games.

4. Hygiene. Dr. Mercer.
One hour a week from Thanksgiving Recess to .Spring Recess.
This course is required o f all first-year men. Offered annually.

REQUIREMENTS FOR WOMEN

One hour of exercise each day except Sunday is required of all
resident and non-resident women students throughout their col­
lege course. Two o f these periods of each week must be spent
in supervised classwork— field hockey in the fail, classwork and
basketball in the gymnasium in the winter, tennis, and track
athletics in the spring. On the other four days of the week some
form of outdoor exercise must be taken. This may be tennis, rid­
ing, cross-country tramps, or swimming. Exceptions to these re­
quirements are made only for physical disability and at the dis­
cretion o f the physician in charge, in which case suitable work
is prescribed. Exercise in the gymnasium, swimming and all
athletic sports are under the personal supervision of the in­
structor.

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SW A R TH M O R E COLLEGE B U LLE TIN

First-year students are required to attend a course of lectures
in Hygiene, given once a week during the first and second sem­
ester.
Application for information in regard to the regulation dress
for athletics and gymnastics should be made to the Dean.
COURSES FOR W O M E N

1. First Year Gymnastics.

Miss Culin.

Two hours a week from Thanksgiving to the Spring Recess. Offered annually.
Required of first-year students.
Elementary educational gymnastic games, and folk-dancing.
In addition, one hour of swimming a week is required of first-year students.

2. Second Year Gymnastics. Miss Culin.
Two hour8 a week from Thanksgiving to the Spring Recess. Offered annually.
Required o f second-year students.
Educational gymnastics (more advanced than Course 1 ), gymnastic games, and
folk-dancing.
One period a week of swimming is required, in addition.

3. Third Year Gymnastics. Miss Culin.
Two hours a week from Thanksgiving to the Spring recess. Offered annually.
Required of third-year resident students.
Educational gymnastics (more advanced than Course 2 ), g y m n a s tic games, and
folk-dancing.
One period a week of swimming is required, in addition.

4. Fourth Year Gymnastics. Miss Culin.
Two hours a week from Thanksgiving to the Spring Recess. Offered annually.
Required of fourth-year resident students.
Educational gymnastics (more advanced than Course 3 ), gymnastic games, and
folk-dancing.

5. Advanced Elective Gymnastics. Miss Culin.
One hour a, week from Thanksgiving to the Spring Recess. Offered annually.
Open only to members o f the class gymnastic squads in addition to the two re­
quired hours a week.
Advanced apparatus work, advanced marching, and gymnastic games.

6. Beginners ’ Elective Gymnastics. Miss Culin.
One hour a week from Thanksgiving to May.

7. Beginners’ Elective Dancing. Miss Lanning.
One hour a week from Thanksgiving to May. Offered annually.
Open to all students as an elective in addition to the two required hours a week.
E sthetic dancing and advanced folk dancing.

8. Advanced Elective Dancing.

Miss Lanning.

One hour a week from Thanksgiving to May.Open to students who have an elementary knowledge of dancing.
.¿Esthetic dancing and advanced folk dancing.

DEPARTM EN TS A N D COURSES OP INSTRUCTION

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9. Special Corrective Gymnastics. Dr. Mercer and Miss Culin.
Advised for students who need special attention because o f poor carriage, Bligbt cur­
vatures, or weak arches.
Daily work on the part of the student in addition to a period once a week with
the Instructor.

10. Swimming.
Ability to swim is a part of the requirement in Physical Education.

11. Varsity Hockey.

Miss Culin.
Three hours each week from September to Thanksgiving.

12. Varsity Basketball. Miss Culin.
Three hours a week from Thanksgiving to Spring Vacation.