Swarthmore College Catalogue, 1944-1945

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
BULLETIN
CATALOGUE ISSUE
FOR 1944-1945 SESSIONS

The Bulletin, of which this publication is Volume XLII, b'o. 2, is pub­
lished quarterly by Swarthmore College, from the College Office, Sw .rthmore, Pa.
Entered as mail matter of the second class, in accordance witn provision
of the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.

SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
BULLETIN

CATALOGUE ISSUE
FOR 1944-1945 SESSIONS

SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA

Volume XLII

Number 2

Eleventh Month, 1944

Entered at the Post-Office at Swarthmore, Pa., as second-class matter, in
accordance with provision of the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.

TABLEOF CONTENTS
Lunar Calendar ....................................
College Calendar ......................................
T he Corporation ...........'. ..................................................................................
The Board of M a n a g e r s ...................................................................................
The Faculty ........................................
Visiting Examiners ........................................................................................
Divisions and Departments ..................................................... .....................
Administrative Officers and A ssistan ts........................................................
Standing Committees ......................................................................................
Introduction to Swarthmore Co l l e g e ........................................................
Educational A im s ............................................................................................
The College Community .........................
War-Time Adjustments ...............................................................................
Policy Toward V eteran s.................................................................................
The Studbnt ’s Program ...................................................................................
Degrees ...............................................................
Admissions P r o ced u r e .................................................................................
Expenses . ...............................................................................................................
Educational R e so u r c e s .............................. . .....................................................
College Li f e ...........................................................................................................
Faculty Re g u l a t io n s ............................................................................
Courses of I nstruction ......................................................................................
Botany ...............................................................................................................
Chemistry .........................................................................................................
Classics ...............
Economics ..............................................................................................
Engineering .....................................................................................................
Navy V-12 C u rric u la ...................................................
Engineering, Civil ..............................................
Engineering, E lectrical...............................................................................
Engineering, Mechanical ...........................................................................
English ....................................................................................................
Fine Arts ........................................
German Language and Literature ..............................................................
History .............................................................................................................
Mathematics and A stronom y.........................................................................
Music .......................................................................................
Philosophy and Religion ...............................................................................
Physical Education for Men
....................................................................
Physical Education for Women ................................................................
P hysics..................................................................
Political Science ......................................
Psychology and Education ..............................................................................
Romance Languages ............. i........................................................................
Z o o lo g y .............................................................................................................
Geographical D istribution of St u d e n t s .....................................................
Degrees Co n f e r r e d ..............................................................................................
Certificates Presented to th e Chinese N aval U n i t ..............................
Fellowships, Scholarships and Student Ai d ...............................................
Index ............
Map of College G ro u n d s........................................................................................

3

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LUNAR CALENDAR
1944
OCTOBER
S M T W T F
1 2 3 4 5 6
8 9 10 I I 12 13
15 16 17 18 1 9 2 0
22 23 24 25 26 27
29 30 31

S
7
14
21
28

NOVEMBER
S M T W T F
1 2 3
5 6 7 8 9 10
12 13 14 15 16 17
19 20 21 22 23 24
26 27 28 29 30

S
4
II
18
25

DECEMBER
S M T W T
F $
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 I I 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

1945
JANUARY
S M T W T
F
1 2 3 4 5
7 8 9 10 I I 12
14 15 16 17 18 19
21 22 23 24 25 26
28 29 30 31
S M
1 2
8 9
15 16
22 23
29 30

A P R IL
T W T
3 4 5
10 I I 12
17 18 19
24 25 26

F
6
13
20
27

S
6
13
20
27

FEBRUARY
S M T W T
F
1 2
4 5 6 7 8 9
I I 12 13 14 15 16
18 19 20 21 22 23
25 26 27 28

S
3
10
17
24

S
7
14
21
28

MAY
S M T W T
1 2 3
6 7 8 9 10
13 14 15 16 17
20 21 22 23 24
27 28 29 30 31

S
5
12
19
26

F
4
II
18
25

MARCH
S M T W T
1
4 5 6 7 8
I I 12 13 14 15
18 19 20 21 22
25 26 27 28 29
JU N E
S M T W T
3
10
17
24

4
II
18
25

5
12
19
26

6
13
20
27

7
14
21
28

F
2
9
16
23
30

S
3
10
17
24
31

F S
1 2
8 9
15 16
22 23
29 30

COLLEGE CALENDAR
1944-45
Winter Term
Eleventh Month 1..................Classes and seminars begin
Twelfth Month 21..................Christmas Vacation begins at 6.00 p.m.
Twelfth Month 29..................Christmas Vacation ends at 8.00 a.m.

1945
Second Month 10.............. .... Classes for second semester seniors and seminars
end
Second Month 12, 1 3 ............ Senior Comprehensives
Second Month 13................ .. Honors written examinations begin
Second Month 15.................. Classes end (except for second semester seniors)
Second Month 16.................. Course examinations begin
Second Month 21.................. Honors written examinations end
Second Month23, 24...............Honors oral examinations
Second Month 24.................Course examinations end
Second Month 25.................Commencement
Spring Term
Third Month 5...................... Classes and seminars begin
Fourth Month 20.................Long Week-end begins at 6 p.m.
Fourth Month 24.................Long Week-end ends at 8 a.m.
Sixth Month 9 ...................... Classes for second semester seniors and seminars
end
Sixth Month 11,12..............Senior Comprehensives
Sixth Month 12.................... Honors written examinations begin
Sixth Month 14.................... Classes end (except for second semester seniors)
Sixth Month 15.................... Course examinations begin.
Sixth Month 20.................... Honors written examinations end
Sixth Month 22,23............. Honors oral examinations
Sixth Month 23................... Course examinations end
Sixth Month 24................... Commencement*
•A Summer Term may be held in 1945. If so. the Fall Term will begin on November
i} 0“ erw*fe. M the end of September, Information about plans and dates may be obtained from
tne Deans Office after February 1.

5

THE CORPORATION
Charles F. J enkins , President

232 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa.
H oward Cooper J ohnson , Vice-President

801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
Ada G raham Clem ent , Secretary

Meeting House Road, Jenkintown, Pa.
Edward B. T em ple , Treasurer

315 Maple Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa.
N icholas O. P tttenger, Comptroller

120 South Chester Road, Swarthmore, Pa.

BOARD OF MANAGERS
Emeriti ,
Caroline H. W orth , Coatesville, Pa.
Robert H. W alker , 914 Fidelity Building, Baltimore, Md.
H etty Lippincott M iller , Riverton, N. J.
Elsie P almer Brow n , 1622 Twenty-ninth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Term expires Twelfth Month, 1944
Charles F. J enkins , 232 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa.
T. Stockton M atthews, South and Redwood Streets, Baltimore 3, Md.
M ary Lippincott Griscom , 314 East Central Avenue, Moorestown, N . J.
Ada G raham C lem ent , Meeting House Road, Jenkintown, Pa.
Lydia F oulke T aylor, 23 Summit Avenue, Larchmont, N. Y.
Edith W ilson J ackson, 317 North Chester Road, Swarthmore, Pa.
J. Archer T urner , 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.
♦Edward P. Palmer , 50 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y.

Term expires Twelfth Month, 1945
H oward Cooper J ohnson , 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
H enry C. T urner , 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.
Robert E. Lamb, 843 North Nineteenth Street, Philadelphia 30, Pa. Phebe U nderhill Seaman , Jericho, N. Y.
Ruth P otter Ashton , 409 Elm Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa.
Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett , 1922 Mt. Royal Terrace, Baltimore 17, Md.
N icholas K elley , 70 Broadway, New York 4, N. Y.
♦H ilda Lang D enw orth , 301 Elm Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa.
Term expires Twelfth Month, 1946
Robert Pyle , W est Grove, Pa.
Edward B. T emple , 315 Maple Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa.
Clem ent M. Biddle, P. O. Box 743, Church St. Sta., New York 8, N. Y.
Hadassah M oore Leeds, 1025 Westview Street, Philadelphia 19, Pa.
Isabel J enkins Booth , 400 Delaware Street, New Castle, Del.
H elen W ilson G aw throp , R. D. 2, Wilmington, Del.
T heodore W iding , 1820 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
♦An n a O ppenlander Eberle , 105 East Durham St., Philadelphia 19, Pa.

Term expires Twelfth Month, 1947
Isaac H. Clothier , J r ., 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
Barclay W hite , 22 N. 36th Street, Philadelphia 4, Pa.
Eleanor Stabler Clarke, Crumwald Farm, Wallingford, Pa.
Claude C. Sm ith , 1617 Land Title Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa.
T homas B. M cCabe, Front and Market Streets, Chester, Pa.
Anna Engle T aylor, 8240 Fairview Road, Philadelphia 17, Pa.
Boyd T. Barnard, 914 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa.
♦W illiam W est T omlinson , 1317 Medford Road, Wynnewood, Pa.
* Nominated by the Alumni Association.

7

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD
The President is ex-Offieio a Member of Every Committee
Executive
Barclay W hite
Lydia F oulke T aylor
E leanor Stabler Clarke
Edith W ilson J ackson
C laude C. Smith
Edward B. T emple
Ruth P otter Ashton
T homas B. M cCabe

H oward Cooper J ohnson
H enry C. T urner
M ary Lippincott G riscom
Isaac H . C lothier , J r .
Robert E. Lamb
J. Archer T urner
Robert P yle
Ada G raham Clem ent

Finance and Audit
Edward B. T emple
Clem ent M. Biddle
Claude C. Smith

N icholas K elley
Edward P. P almer
T heodore W iding
W illiam W est T omlinson

Instruction and Libraries
H ad ass ah M oore Leeds
Rut h P otter Ashton
Lydia F oulke T aylor
Robert Pyle
Claude C. Sm ith
H enry C. T urner
H elen W ilson G awthrop
P hebe U nderhill Seaman
T heodore W iding
Edith W ilson J ackson
H ilda Lang D enworth

Building and Property
Robert E. Lamb
Robert Pyle
Mary Lippincott G riscom
CLEMENT M. BlDDLE

Barclay W hite
T homas B. M cCabe
Edward P. P almer
Boyd T. Barnard

Trusts
C harles F. J enkins
H oward Cooper J ohnson
Isaac H . Clothier , J r .

T. Stockton M atthews
J. Archer T urner
Edward B. T emple
Boyd T. Barnard

Household and Student Affairs
M ary Lippincott G riscom
Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett
Ada G raham Clem ent
Isabel J enkins Booth
E leanor Stabler C larke
An n a Engle T aylor
A n n a O ppenlander Eberle

Nominating
J. Archer T urner
H adassah M oore L eeds
Ru t h P otter Ashton

Robert E. Lamb
E leanor Stabler C larke
Claude G. Sm ith

8

M BB

mm

THE FACULTY
John -W . N ason , President........................................................... 324 Cedar Lane

B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A., Harvard Uni­
versity; LL.D., University of Pennsylvania; Litt.D., Muhlenberg College,
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia.
Frances B. Blanshard, Dean............................................5 1 3 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Smith College; M.A., and Ph.D., Columbia University.
Everett L. H u n t , Dean and Professor of English.................. 604 Elm Avenue
B.A., Huron College; M.A., University of Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College.
L. R. Shero , Registrar and Professor of Greek.......... 651 North Chester Road
B.A., Haverford College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A. and Ph.D.,
University of Wisconsin.
Emeriti
Gellert A lleman , Professor Emeritus of Chemistry...............................

Providence Road, Wallingford
B.S., Pennsylvania College; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University; Sc.D.,
Gettysburg College.
Alfred M ansfield Brooks, Professor Emeritus of Pine A rts...........................
Gloucester, Mass.
B.A., and M.A., Harvard University; M.A., Indiana University.
John Russell H ayes, Librarian Emeritus of Friends Historical L ib ra ry .....
Embreeville
B.A., Swarthmore College; B.A., Harvard University; LL.B., University of
Pennsylvania.
H enrietta J osephine M eeteer , Professor Emeritus of Greek and Latin............
309 Warwick Road, Haddonfield, N. J.
B.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
J ohn A n t ho ny M iller , Director of Sproul Observatory and Professor of
Astronomy, Emeritus.................. Kershaw and Turner Roads, Wallingford
B.A., Indiana University; M.A., Leland Stanford Junior University; Ph.D.,
University of Chicago; LL.D., Indiana University.
Clara Price N ewport , Professor Emeritus of German Language and Liter­
ature....................................................... ..
.Hotel McAlpin, New York City
B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin.
Samuel Copeland P almer , Professor Emeritus of Botany...............................
26th and Chestnut Streets, Chester, Pa.
B.A., and M.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.
Professors
Brand Blanshard, Professor of Philosophy........ ...513 Ogden Avenue

B.A., University of Michigan; M.A., Columbia University; B.Sc., Univer­
sity of Oxford; Ph.D., Harvard University.
Ethel H ampson Brewster, Professor of Greek and Latin.......... West House
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., and .Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
Edward H . Cox , Professor of Chemistry................................... 8 Whittier Place
B.S., Earlham College; M.A., Harvard University; Sc.D., University of
Geneva.
♦H enry J ermain M aude Creighton , Edmund Allen Professor of Chemistry..
B.A., and M.A., Dalhousie University; M.Sc., University of Birmingham;
D.Sc., Das eidgenössische Polytechnikum, Zürich.
• Absent on leave, Winter Term.

9

Arnold D resden, Edward H. Magill Professor of Mathematics and Astron­

o m y........................................................................................ 606 Elm Avenue
M.S. and Ph.D., University of Chicago.
Robert K. Enders, Professor of Zoology...................................3X1 Elm Avenue
B.A. and Ph.D., University of Michigan.
H erbert F. F raser, Professor of Economics.............................Wallingford Hills
M.A., University of Aberdeen; F.R.Econ.S.
♦H arold C larke G oddard, Alexander Griswold Cummins Professor of Eng­
lish............................................................... | ..........................3 Whittier Place
B.A., Amherst College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University.
Ph il ip M arshall H icks, Professor of English........ ..................525 Elm Avenue
B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
♦L aurence Irving, Professor of Biology...................................... R. R. 3, Media
B.A., Bowdoin College; M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Leland Stan­
ford Junior University.
♦H oward M alcolm J enkins , Professor of Electrical Engineering...................
506 North Chester Road
B.A. and E.E., Swarthmore College.
W olfgang K öhler , Professor of Psychology.......................... .603 Elm Avenue
Dr. phil., University of Berlin.
Scott B. Lilly , Professor of Civil Engineering.........................600 Elm Avenue
B.S., Michigan State College; C.E., Cornell University.
Frederick J. M anning , Isaac H. Clothier Professor of History.......... '............
4 Pennstone Road, Bryn Mawr
B.A. and Ph.D., Yale University.
Ross W . M arriott, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy...........................
213 Lafayette Avenue
B.A., Indiana University; M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University
of Pennsylvania.
C. E. McClung, Visiting Professor of Biology................417 Harvard Avenue
Ph.G., B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., University of Kansas; Sc.D., University of
Pennsylvania.
Edith P hilips , Susan W . Lippincott Professor of French........ 1 Whittier Place
B.A., Goucher College; Docteur de l'Université de Paris.
Charles B. Shaw , Librarian........................................................304 Park Avenue
B.A, and M.A., Clark University.
W alter Silz , Professor of German........................................... Wallingford Hills
B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University.
Roger H. Soltau , Visiting Professor of History.............. 209 Rutgers Avenue
B.A. and M.A., University of Oxford.
P hilippe E. Soupault , Visiting Professor of French...........................................
Plush Mill Road, Wallingford
Licensié de l’Université de Paris.
♦♦R obert Ernest Spiller , Professor of English...................... 6 Whittier Place
B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
P eter van de K am p , Professor of Astronomy and Director of Sproul Ob­
servatory................ .......................................... Yale and Swarthmore Avenues
B.S. and M.S., University of Utrecht; Ph.D., University of California;
D. Phil., University of Groningen.
• Absent on leave.
•* Absent on leave, Spring Term.
*

10

Clair W ilcox , Professor of Economics................................... 510 Ogden Avenue

B.S., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Ohio State University; Ph.D.,
University of Pennsylvania.
W inthrop R. W right , Morris L. Clothier Professor of Physics. .................. ..
4 Whittier Place
B.A. and Ph.D., University of Michigan.
Associate Professors
M ary A lbertson , Associate Professor of History.................... 405 Walnut Lane
B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Bryn Mawr Collège.
H ein r ic h B r in k m a n n , Associate Professor of Mathematics and Associate Ad­
viser of M en........................................................................... 403 Walnut Lane
B.A., Leland Stanford Junior University; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard Uni­
versity.
Samuel T. Carpenter , Associate Professor of Civil Engineering......................
8B Whittier Place
B.C.E., C.E. and M.S., Ohio State University.
Carl K. D ellm uth , Director of Athletics for M en............ 735 Harvard Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College.
D uncan G raham F oster, Associate Professor of Chemistry... .15 Crest Lane
B.A. and M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University.
M ilan W . G arrett, Associate Professor of Physics.........................................
336 North Princeton Avenue
B.A. and M.A., Leland Stanford Junior University; B.A. and D. Phil.,
University of Oxford.
W alter B. K eighton , J r ., Associate Professor of Chemistry.. .311 Cedar Lane
B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Princeton University.
Frank Ralph K ille , Associate Professor of Zoology.............. 2 W hittier Place
B. S., College of Wooster; M.S. and Ph.D., University of Chicago.
Samuel L. L eonard, Visiting Associate Professor of Civil Engineering............
C. E., Cornell University.
R. R. 3, Media
*Robert B. M acLeod, Associate Professor of Psychology and Education..........
B.A. and M. A., McGill University ; Ph.D., Columbia University. ♦Patrick M urphy M alin , Associate Professor of Economics.............................
B.S., University of Pennsylvania.
♦H arold M. M arch , Associate Professor of French.................. 404 Elm Avenue
B.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Yale University.
Jo h n M. M oore , Associate Professor of Philosophy and Religion.....................
512 Elm Avenue
B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard
University; Ph.D., Columbia University.
J. Roland P ennock , Associate Professor of Political Science. .521 Elm Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.
J o h n H imes P itm an , Associate Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy.. . .
328 Vassar Avenue
B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College.
Carlton C. Q ualey , Acting Associate Professor of History. . . 307 Elm Avenue
B.A., St. Olaf College; M.A., University of Minnesota; Ph.D., Columbia
University.
Virginia Rath , Associate Professor of Physical Education for W omen............
735 Yale Avenue
B.A., Hollins College; M.A., Columbia University.*
* Absent on leave.

11

A lbert H. R epscha , Visiting Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. . .

Conestoga Road, Devon
B.S. in M.E. and M.E., University of Maine; M.S. in M.E., Ohio State
University.
W alter J. Scott , Associate Professor of Zoology.. . . 306 North Chester Road
Ph.B., Lafayette College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
♦T ownsend Scudder, 3rd, Associate Professor of English.................................
B.A., and Ph.D., Yale University.
A ndrew Sim pson , Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering.......... ..
Cunningham House
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S., Cornell University.
W illiam J. -Stevens , Visiting Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering
(part-time), Garden Court Plaza, 47th and Pine Streets, Philadelphia 43
B.S. in M.E., Drexel Institute of Technology; M.S. in Ed., University of
Pennsylvania.
A lfred J. Sw an , Associate Professor of Music........ .3 College Lane, Haverford
B.A., and M.A., University of Oxford.
♦C harles G arrett T hatcher , Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineer­
ing............ ...........................................................................613 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.E., Cornell University.
♦♦G eorge B. T ho m , Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. ............
Blackthorn Road, Wallingford
M.E., M.S. and M.A., Lehigh University.
A. Edgar V ivell , Acting Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering............
West House
B.S. and Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University.
M. R ussell W ehr , Associate Professor of Physics...........................................• •
538 Strathmore Road, Upper Darby
B.S., Franklin and Marshall College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Penn­
sylvania.
♦Léon W enceliu S, Associate Professor of French.................................................
D. ès L., University of Paris; L.Th., University of Strasbourg; Th.D.,
Union Theological Seminary.
Assistant Professors
** * Lydia Baer, Assistant Professor of German. . .Brookside Road, Wallingford
B.A., Oberlin College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
Richard B. Brandt , Assistant Professor of Philosophy .302 North Chester Road
B.A., Denison University; B.A., University of Cambridge; Ph.D., Yale
University.
J o h n B. Clothier , Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering......................
222 North Highland Avenue, Lansdowne
B.S., University of Pennsylvania.
Richard S. Crutchfield , Assistant Professor of Psychology........ R. R. 3, Media
B.S., California Institute of Technology; Ph.D., University of California.
Robert H. D u n n , Assistant Professor of Physical Education for M en..............
811 Westdale Avenue
B.S., Temple University.
♦W. C. E lmore , Assistant Professor of Physics. .312 North Princeton Avenue
B.S., Lehigh University; Ph.D., Yale University.
* Absent on leave.
** Absent on leave, part-time.
*** Absent on leave, W inter Term.

12

C Tustus G arrahan , Assistant Professor of Electrical E ngineering...........
J
301 College Avenue
B.S. and M.S., University of Pennsylvania.
»Francis G. H ealey, Assistant Professor of Philosophy. . . . . . . .......... ..............
B.A., Birmingham University; M.A., University of Cambridge.
Ruth M cClung J ones , Assistant Professor of Botany and Zodlogy....................
612 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College.
H omer C. Knauss , Assistant Professor of Physics... .318 North Chester Road
B.S., Muhlenberg College; M.Sc., Ohio State University.
Arnaud B. Leavelle, Assistant Professor of Political Science. .College Campus
B.A. and Ph.D., University of California at Los Angeles.
Luzern G. Livingston , Assistant Professor of Botany-----• ■• • • • --------422 Highland Avenue, Morton
B.S., Lawrence College; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin.
M aurice M andelbaum , Assistant Professor of Philosophy. . .5 Whittier Place
B.A. and M.A., Dartmouth College; Ph.D., Yale University.
Luther S. M ansfield , Acting Assistant Professor of English.................. • ..........
23 Princeton Avenue
B.A. and M.A., Texas Christian College; Ph.D., University of Chicago.
»J o h n D. M cCrum m , Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering..................
B.S. and M.S., University of Colorado.
Mark B. M oore , Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering. . . . . . . ........
720 Ogden Avenue
B.S. University of Illinois.
* »Edw in B. N ew m an , Assistant Professor of Psychology-----College Campus
B.A. and M.A., University of Kansas; Ph.D., Harvard University.
»V ernon A. O ’Rourke , Assistant Professor of Political Science......................
B.A. and Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University.
* »Frank C. P ierson , Assistant Professor of Economics.. .740 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Columbia University.
Karl Reuning , Assistant Professor of German.....................47 Amherst Avenue
Dr. phil., University of Giessen.
»»»P aul S. Shook , Assistant Professor of Engineering.......... o il Elm Avenue
B.E.', Ohio State University.
Ralph P. Shu tt , Assistant Professor of Physics.......................... 410 Cedar Lane
Dipl.Ing., Technische Hochschule, Berlin.
.
Tames " D. Sorber, Assistant Professor of Spanish and Director of Musical
Activities...................... .................................... . . . ..
401 Walnut Lane
B. A., Lehigh University; M.A., University of Nebraska.
»»»F red J. Spry, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering. .612 Ogden Avenue
C. E., Lafayette College; M.C.E., Cornell University.
W olfgang F. Stolper , Assistant Professor of Economics---- 310 Elm Avenue
M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.
H elmut von Erffa , Assistant Professor of Fine Arts.............. .........................
312 North Princeton Avenue
B.A. and M.A., Harvard University; M.F.A., Princeton University.
»Robert M. W alker , Assistant Professor of Fine A rts.......... 513 Elm Avenue
B.A. and M.F.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Harvard University.
Bryce W ood, Assistant Professor of Political Science. .416 North Chester Road
B.A., Reed College; Ph.D., Columbia University.
Elizabeth Cox W right , Assistant Professor of English. ...................... .Moylan
B A Wellesley College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.
* Absent on leave.
*• Absent on leave, part-time.
*** Teaching in W inter Term.

13

Instructors
J osé V. A maral, Instructor in Spanish.....................................Strath Haven Inn

Licendado en Derecho, University of Mexico.
Avery F. Blake , Instructor in Physical Education for M en...............................

49 Amherst Avenue

*K eith W. Chalmers , Instructor in English. . .....................................................

B.A., Swarthmore College.
*L ewis H. E lverson, Lieut, (j.g.) USNR, Instructor in Physical Education for

Men, Naval Reserve Aviation Base, Bldg. 133, Navy Yard, Philadelphia
B.S., University of Pennsylvania.
E. J. Faulkner , Instructor in Physical Education for M en..............................
235 Dickinson Avenue
V era French , Instructor in Psychology and Education............ 214 Elm Avenue
B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M.A., Raddiffe College.
A lice A. G ates, Instructor in Physical Education for W omen.............................
720 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Columbia University.
♦C harles H eimsch , Instructor in Botany............................................................. .
B.A., Miami University; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.
Fredric S. K lees, Instructor in English.................................Cunningham House
B.A., Bowdoin College.
♦B eatrice Beach M acLeod, Instructor in English...............................................
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.F.A., Yale University.
M arion M onaco , Instructor in French.....................................1 Whittier Place
B.A., New Jersey College for Women; M.A. and Ph.D., Bryn Mawr
College.
M ay E. P arry, Instructor in Physical Education for W omen...................... ..
Swarthmore Apartments
B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S., Temple University.
H enry F. P ommer , Instructor in English...........................................West House
B.A., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Yale University.
♦♦♦H oward P otter , Instructor in Chemistry.............................College Campus
B.S., Alma College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.'
** ♦Robert W. Richards, Instructor in Civil Engineering........ 502 Cedar Lane
B.S. and C.E., Princeton University.
P riscilla K ramer Silz , Instructor in German...................... Wallingford Hills
B.A., M.A. and Ph.D.,. Raddiffe College.
H erbert G. So n th o ff , Instructor in Political Science............ 409 Elm Avenue
M.A., University of Georgia; M.A., Harvard University.
W illis J. Stetson , Instructor in Physical Education for M en...........................
144 North Highland Road, Springfield
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania.
Ethel Stilz , Instructor (part-time) in Fine Arts...............................Parrish Hall
Ph.B., University of Chicago; M.A., Columbia University.
♦Frederick B. T olles , Librarian of the Friends Historical Library and In­
structor (part-time) in History.................................302 North Chester Road
B.A. and M.A., Harvard University.
H ans W allach , Instructor in Psychology...........................23 Princeton Avenue
Dr. phil., University of Berlin.
♦♦J ean W alton , Instructor in Mathematics...........................401 Walnut Lane
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Brown University.
*C. Brooke W orth , Instructor in Zoology.............................602 Elm Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College; M.D., University of Pennsylvania.
* Absent on leave.
** Absent on leave, Spring Term.
*** Teaching in Winter Term.

14

Lecturers and Assistants
W. H. Auden, Lecturer in English.......................................16 Oberlin Avenue
B.A., Oxford University.
Hans Fried, Lecturer in Mathematics. . ........ 361 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford
Dr. phil., University of Vienna.
Franklin G. W illiams, Lecturer in Mathematics.......... 608 University Avenue
B.A., Middlebury College; M.A., Pennsylvania State College; Ph.D.,
Cornell University.
Seyril Schochen Rubin , Director of Dramatics.......... 302 North Chester Road
B.A., Ohio State University; Diploma, Dramatic Workshop of New
School of Research.
Florence C. W ilcox, Director o f Arts and Crafts.............. 510 Ogden Avenue
B.A., Ohio Wesleyan University; M.A., University of Pennsylvania.
Albert M. Barron, Assistant in Physical Education for M en.............................
4244 Old York Road, Philadelphia
B.S., Pennsylvania State College; M.S., Temple University.
H annah T. Broomell, Assistant in Zoology.......... . ............................ ................
429 West Stafford Street, Philadelphia 44
B.A., Swarthmore College.
Roy W. D elaplaine, Assistant in Astronomy.....................106 Cornell Avenue
B.A., Swarthmore College.
J ean Francksen, Assistant in Fine A rts..................................................................
5410 Baltimore Avenue, Philadelphia 43
B.F.A. in Education, University of Pennsylvania.
Virginia Bell K lopfer, Assistant in Psychology....................... ......................
3902 Locust Street, Philadelphia
B.A., Bryn Mawr College.
Sarah Lee Lippincott, Assistant in Astronomy...................................................
226 West Tulpehocken Street, Germantown
B.A., University of Pennsylvania.
J ames J. McAdoo, Assistant in Physical Education for M en..........................
513 East Bringhurst Street, Germantown
F. M. M cLarty, Assistant in Drawing................................23 Oberlin Avenue
George E. Reimer, Assistant in Physical Education for M en.............................
B.A., Franklin and Marshall College.
613 Yale Avenue, Morton
Naval Personnel
Glenn G. Bartle, lieutenant, D -V (S), USNR.....................302 Ogden Avenue
B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Indiana University.
David R. Reveley, Lieutenant, D -V(S), USNR.....................16 Oberlin Avenue
B.A., Hampden Sydney College; M.A., University of Virginia.
J ames M. P eters, lieutenant Commander, M C-V(S), USNR.............................
Walnut Park Plaza, 63rd and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia
Ph.B., Boston College; M.D., Tufts College.
T homas J. Loughran, Chief Specialist (A ), USNR...........................................
259 W. Baltimore Avenue, Clifton Heights, Pa.
B.S., Stroudsburg State Teachers College; M.A., Columbia University.
Robert J. N euman, Chief Specialist (A ), USNR.......... 1 South Chester Road
B.S., Illinois Wesleyan; M.A., University of Illinois.
W illiam G. Love, Chief Yeoman, USNR.......... ..................................................
2230 South Shields Street, Philadelphia
H oward W. Roth , Storekeeper 1st Class, USNR.............................................
5014 Spruce Street, Philadelphia
Gloria L. Rodgers, Yeoman 2nd Class, USNR. .U.S. Naval Convalescent Annex
Mildred Rubin , Yeoman 2nd Class, USNR. .. .U.S. Naval Convalescent Annex
J 'W ilbur V. M olloy, Pharmacists Mate 1st Class, U SN. .410 Harvard Avenue
J ohn A. Britt, Pharmacists Mate 3rd Class, U SN R ... .YMCA, Philadelphia

15

VISITING EXAMINERS OF CANDIDATES FOR
DEGREES 'WITH HONORS
OCTOBER, 1943

Division of the Humanities
English: P rofessor Ralph M. Sargent, Haverford College; P rofessor
W illard T horp , Princeton University.
Fine Arts: P rofessor D avid M. R obb, University of Pennsylvania.
History: P rofessor J o h n P owell , University of Delaware; P rofessor
Carleton C. Q ualey , Bard College; P rofessor Caroline Robbins, Bryn
Mawr College; Miss Laurence Stapleton , Bryn Mawr College.
Philosophy: P rofessor G race A. deLaguna , Bryn Mawr College.
Psychology: P rofessor D onald W . Mac K in n o n , Bryn Mawr College.
Division of the Social Sciences
Economics: D r . K arl R. Bo pp , Philadelphia, Pa.; D r . L loyd A. M etzler ,
Washington, D. C.
History: P rofessor J o h n P owell , University of Delaware; P rofessor
Carleton C. Q ualey , Bard College; P rofessor Caroline R obbins, Bryn
Mawr College; Miss Laurence Stapleton , Bryn Mawr College.
Philosophy: P rofessor G race A. deLaguna , Bryn Mawr College.
Political Science: D r . D ouglas W . Campbell , Washington, D . C.; P ro ­
fessor G rayson L. K irk , Columbia University.
Psychology: P rofessor D onald W . MacK in n o n , Bryn Mawr College.
Division o f Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
Chemistry: P rofessor A. H arold Blatt, Queen’s College; P rofessor
J ames L. Crenshaw , Bryn Mawr College; P rofessor N . H. F urman , Prince­
ton University.
Mathematics: P rofessor H . A. Rademacher , University of Pennsylvania.
Physics: D r . W illiam C. E lmore , Bartol Research Foundation.
FEBRUARY, 1 9 4 4

Division of the Humanities
English: P rofessor Ralph M. Sargent , Haverford College.
History: P rofessor E lmer A. B eller , Princeton University; P rofessor
J o h n P owell , University of Delaware.
Philosophy: P rofessor Maylon H . H epp , Haverford College.
Division of the Social Sciences
Economics: D r . J oseph D. Coppock , W ashington, D. C.
History: P rofessor E lmer A. Beller , Princeton University; P rofessor
J o h n P owell , University of Delaware.
Political Science: D r . E. P. C h a s e , Washington, D. C.

16

Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
Botany: P rofessor Ray F. D awson , Princeton University; P rofessor
P hineas W . W hiting , University of Pennsylvania.
Chemistry: P rofessor J ames L. Crenshaw , Bryn Mawr College; D r . D avid
T odd, Oceanographic Institute.
Psychology: D r . W illiam C. P rentice , The Johns Hopkins University.
Zoology: D r . W illiam A mberson , University of Maryland Medical School;
Professor M ary Gardiner, Bryn Mawr College.
JUNE, 1 9 4 4

Division of the Humanities
English: P rofessor H oward F. Lowry, Princeton University.
History: P rofessor M argaret J udson , New Jersey College for Women;
Professor J o h n P owell , University of Delaware; P rofessor Roger H.
W ells, Bryn Mawr College.
Philosophy: Professor G race A. deLaguna , Bryn Mawr College; P ro­
fessor M ilton C. N ahm , Bryn Mawr College.
Psychology: P rofessor S. E. A sch , Brooklyn College.
Division of the Social Sciences
Economics: P rofessor Friedrich L. Lutz , Princeton University; D r . W il ­
L. T horp , New York, N. Y.
History: P rofessor M argaret J udson , New Jersey College for Women;
Professor J o h n P owell , University of Delaware; Professor Roger H.
W ells, Bryn Mawr College.
Philosophy: P rofessor G race A. deLaguna , Bryn Mawr College; P ro­
fessor M ilton C. N ahm , Bryn Mawr College.
Political Science: D r . D ouglas W. Campbell , Washington, D . C.; D r .
D orothy Fosdick, Washington, D. C.
lard

OCTOBER, 1 9 4 4

Division of the Humanities
English: P rofessor Luther S. M ansfield , Williams College.
History: D r . Carleton M abee, Skillman State Village, N. J.; P rofessor
Roger H. Soltau , Swarthmore, Pa.; P rofessor Roger H. W ells, Bryn Mawr
College.
Division of the Social Sciences
Economics: D r . Lloyd A. M etzler , Washington, D. C.
History: D r. Carleton M abee, Skillman State Village, N. J.; P rofessor
Caroline Robbins, Bryn Mawr College; P rofessor Roger H. Soltau ,
Swarthmore, Pa.
Political Science: D r . Carleton M abee, Skillman State Village, N. J . ;
Professor Roger H. Soltau , Swarthmore, Pa.; P rofessor Roger H. W ells ,
Bryn Mawr College.
Psychology: D r . Edw in B. N ew m an , Harvard University Psycho-Acoustic
Laboratory.

17

DIVISIONS AND DEPARTMENTS
I. Division of the Humanities— Robert E. Spiller , Chairman.
Classics, Ethel H. Brewster, Chairman.
English, P h ilip M arshall H icks, Acting Chairman.

Fine Arts, H elmut

von

Erffa , Acting Chairman.

German, W alter Silz , Chairman.

History, M ary A lbertson , Chairman.
Music, Alfred J. Sw an , Chairman.
Philosophy and Religion, Brand Blanshard, Chairman.
Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman.
Romance Languages, Edith P hilips , Chairman.
II. Division of the Social Sciences—J. R oland P ennock , Chairman.
Economics, C lair W ilcox , Chairman.
History, M ary A lbertson , Chairman.
Philosophy and Religion, Brand Blanshard, Chairman.

Political Science, J. Roland P ennock , Chairman.
Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman.
III. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences—
Edward H. Cox , Chairman.
Botany, Luzern G. Livingston , Chairman.
Chemistry, Edward H. Cox, Acting Chairman.
Mathematics and Astronomy, Arnold D resden , Chairman.

Physics, W inthrop R. W right , Chairman.
Psychology, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman.
ZoSlogy, C. E. McClung, Acting Chairman.
IV. Division of Engineering—Scott B. Lilly , Chairman.
Civil Engineering, Scott B. Lilly , Chairman.
Electrical Engineering, A. E. V ivell , Acting Chairman.
Mechanical Engineering, G eorge B. T h o m , Chairman.
Chemistry, Edward H. Cox, Acting Chairman.
Mathematics, Arnold D resden , Chairman.
Physics, W inthrop R. W eight , Chairman.

18

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND ASSISTANTS
Presidents Office
President, J o h n W . N a so n , B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University of Ox­
ford; M.A., Harvard University; LL.D., University of Pennsylvania; Litt.D.,
Muhlenberg College.
*Assistant, F rederick B. T o lles , B.A. and M.A., Harvard University.
Secretaries: E m m a A bb ett .
E lsa P a lm er J e n k in s , B.A., Swarthmore College.
Deans’ Office
Deans :
F rances B lanshard , B.A., Smith College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia

University.
E v erett L. H u n t , B.A., Huron College; M.A., University of Chicago;

D. Litt., Huron College.
Assistants:
H e in r ic h B r in k m a n n , Associate Adviser of Men, B.A., Leland Stanford

Junior University; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University.
♦A d o l ph M eier , B.A., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Bryn Mawr

College.
Esth er W. R id pa t h , B.A., Swarthmore College.

Secretaries: M y rtle R. K e e n y , B.A., Dickinson College.
F rances W ills Sla u g h , B.A., Swarthmore College.
Head Residents in Dormitories:
Sara M. L it t l e , Worth Dormitory; B.A., Smith College.
M argaret Lin t o n , Bassett Dormitory; B.A., Swarthmore College.
Z. M arkevitch , Woolman House; Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes Secondaires,
P.C.N. and Licence de Chimie (Sorbonne).
E sth er R id pa t h , Parrish Ha}l; B.A., Swarthmore College.
Registrar’s Office
Registrar, L. R. Sh e r o , B.A., Haverford College; B.A., University of Oxford;
M.A. and Ph.D., University of Wisconsin.
Secretary, A n n e H y n s o n .
library Staff
College Library:
librarian, C h arles B. Sh a w , B.A. and M.A., Clark University.
Reference Department:
Chief, C a th a r in e J. P ierce , B.A., Women’s College of the University
of North Carolina; M.S,, Columbia University.
Assistant, D o ro th ea D. R eeves , B.A., Radcliffe College; B.S. in L.S.,
Drexel Institute.
* Absent on leave.

19

Catalogue Department:
Chief, M ildred E. H errick, B.A., Michigan State Normal College;
B.A. in L.S., M.A. in L.S., University of Michigan.
Assistants: J oan Fia la ; E lizabeth S. Sharpless, Swarthmore College.
Circulation Department:
Chief, Adeline R edheffer , B.S. in Educ., West Chester State Teachers
College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute.
Assistants: P riscilla M agoun , B.A., Wellesley College; Louise Eastland , B.A., Albright College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute; M arion
P .. P usack, A.B., Morningside College; A.B.L.S., University of
Michigan.
Periodical and Binding Department:
Chief, M ary G ocher T ait , B.A., Wells College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel
Institute.
Secretary, Charlotte S. D uckworth , B.A., Smith College.
Friends Historical Library:
*Librarian, F rederick B. T olles, B.A. and M.A., Harvard University.
Acting Librarian, E. V irginia W alker , B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S. in
L.S., Drexel Institute.
Assistants: D orothy G. H arris, B.A., Wellesley College; B.S. in L.S.,
Drexel Institute; E llen Starr Brinton , Curator of the Jane Addam's
Peace Collection.

Comptroller’s Office
Comptroller, N icholas O. P ittenger , B.A., Indiana University.
Purchasing Agent and Priorities Officer, Samuel G.' Eckerd, B.A., Swarthmore
College.
Bookkeeper, Elizabeth R. H irst.
Assistants: G race R edheffer Babbitt, Edna B. Corson ; M. Blanche
M cM u l len , B.A. Swarthmore College.

Secretaries, Luella T rinterud , B.A., University of ^Fashington; Caroline
Shero , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania.
Manager of Bookstore, J ean M. Sorber.
Stenographic Staff: M argaret W a l t o n ; P atricia Cheesem an .

Superintendents Office
Superintendent, A ndrew Sim pson , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S., Cornell
University.
Assistant Superintendent and Head Gardener, H arry W ood.
Secretary: V eronica Sullivan .
Director of Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, J o h n C. W ister,
B.A., Harvard University; D.Sc., Swarthmore College.
* Absent on leave.

20

House Director’s Office
House Director, Eth el Stilz , Ph.B., University of Chicago; M.A., Columbia
University.
Assistant, Sara M. Little , B.A., Smith College.
Dietitian’s Office
Dietitian, Ruth E. Carr, B.S., Simmons College.
Assistant Dietitian, H ilda H opkins Sm ith , B.S., Simmons College.
Alumni Office
Alumni Secretary, Carl K. D ellm uth , B.A., Swarthmore College.
Assistant, K athryn Bassett.
Alumni Recorder, J ane Reppert J enks .
Vocational Director of Women, Esther W. Ridpath , B.A., Swarthmore College.
Vocational Director of Men, Carl K. D ellm uth , B.A., Swarthmore College.
Health Service
.Physicians:
D orothy L. A shton , B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M.D., University of

Pennsylvania, F. A. C. S.
H arold C. Roxby, B.S., Pennsylvania State College; M.D., Temple

University.
Nurses:
Blanche D evereux, R.N., An n e A ustin , R.N., E lizabeth G regg, R.N.,
R egina L. H oltzman , R.N.

Honorary Curators of the Biddle Memorial Library
Charles F. J enkins , Chairman.............. 232 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia
Clem ent M. Biddle .......... ... .P.O. Box 743, Church Street Station, New York

La V erne F orbush .........................................5102 York Road, Baltimore, Md.
James R. Frorer .........................................Weldin Road, Wilmington 284, Del.
J esse M erritt ..............................................................................Farmingdale, L. I.

Louis N. Robinson ............................................. 411 College Avenue, Swarthmore
Jane P. Rushm ore ......................................................................... Rivertoa, N. J.
Frank A ydelotte ...........................Olden Manor, Olden Lane, Princeton, N. J.

21

STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE FACULTY
Brandt, Chairman.
Dr. Ashton, Dr. Roxby, Baer, Garrahan, Knauss, Qualey.

a b se n c e :

AND scho la rships ( m e n ) : Hunt, Chairman.
Brinkmann, Crutchfield, Dellmuth, Kille, Pennock, Pittenger, Scott.

admissions

( w o m e n ) : F. Blanshard, Chairrnan.
Brewster, Hunt, Philips, Ridpath, Mrs. William Clarke, Mrs. Fred Powell,
Mrs. Herbert Reisner, Mrs. Charles Rickards.

admissions and scho la rships

Spiller, Chairman.
Garrahan, Hunt, Klees, Rath, von Erffa, F. Wilcox.

arts and cra fts :

Dellmuth, Chairman.
B. Blanshard, Carpenter, Cox, Faulkner, Fraser, Pittenger, Scott, Simpson,
with Charles C. Miller.

a th let ic s :

Scott, Chairman.
F. Blanshard, Hunt, Leavelle, Monaco.

awards and pr iz e s :

Wilcox, Chairman.
Brewster, J. Moore, Philips, Shaw, van de Kamp, E. Wright.

college library :

Shaw, Chairman.
Scott, Silz, Sorber, Stolper, von Erffa, B. Wood.

co oper f o u n d a t io n :

Spiller, Chairman.
Carpenter, Cox, Crutchfield, Pennock, Philips, Wilcox, E. Wright.

c u r r ic u l u m :

Albertson, Chairman.
Brandt, Dresden, Garrett, Stolper, Wallach.

f e l l o w s h ip s :

h o n o rs w o r k and e x a m in er s :

Shero, Chairman.

Cox, Lilly, Pennock, Spiller.
Nason, Chairman.
F. Blanshard, Cox, Hunt, Kille, Lilly, Pennock, Spiller, Wilcox.

in st r u c t io n :

AND extra w o r k : Livingston, Chairman.
F. Blanshard, Garrett, Hunt, M. Moore, Silz, Sonthoff, Walton.

prescribed

Keighton, Chairman.
Albertson, Brinkmann, Garrahan, Kille,-Shero.

schedu le o f classes :

Hunt, Chairman.
F. Blanshard, Carpenter, Jones, Leavelle, Pittenger, Pommer.

stu d e n t a ff a ir s :

Shero, Chairman.
F. Blanshard, Hunt, Lilly, Livingston, Marriott, Pittenger, B. Wood.

stu d e n t records :

Brewster, Chairman.
Foster, Reuning, W. Wright.

travel a l l o w a n c e :

SECRETARY TO THE FACULTY: Silz.

22

INTRODUCTION TO SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
EDUCATIONAL AIMS

Swarthmore College was founded in 1864 by members of the re­
ligious Society of Friends. In accordance with Friendly traditions,
Swarthmore students undertake a program of self-discovery and self­
development intended to prepare them for well-rounded lives as indi­
vidual human beings, and as responsible members of their communities.
Their success in this program depends upon hard intellectual work
supplemented by participation in sports, in arts and crafts, and in other
enterprises which make group life stimulating and rewarding.
College requirements point to the value of a variety of courses during
the first two years, followed by some degree of specialization during
the junior and senior years. Freshmen and sophomores are helped to
plan their work so that they will explore new fields and also test their
ability to do well on the college level in subjects which interested them
in high school. By the end of the sophomore year, they should know
their own bent well enough to choose the field of their concentration.
They should know also whether they wish to continue to enroll in
courses or whether they prefer to undertake "Honors W ork” (p. 29),
a kind of study which has had special attention at Swarthmore during
the past twenty years. Through a method of instruction in small sem­
inars, honors work enables independent students to progress at their
own rate and to develop initiative and a sense of responsibility, while
profiting at the same time from close association with their instructors.
THE COLLÈGE COMMUNITY

Swarthmore is a residential college with a normal enrolment of seven
hundred and fifty students, divided equally between men and women.
The students represent a variety of localities in the United States and
in foreign countries (p. 103). The campus, which is a tract of two
hundred and fifty acres, gives space for dormitories and for houses for
members of the faculty. Living near each other, faculty and students
meet outside as well as inside the classroom. As the village of Swarthmore is a commuting suburb of Philadelphia, the college enjoys the
out-of-door life of the country, and the opportunities offered by a city.
The college is also sufficiently near three other institutions, Bryn Mawr
and Haverford Colleges, and the University of Pennsylvania, to make
possible some sharing of instructors and libraries.
23

WAR-TIME ADJUSTMENTS

Swarthmore College is attempting to meet its obligations in war time
by training men and women to fulfill the demands 61 national service,
and, at the same time, by continuing to emphasize the permanent values
of a liberal education. W ith the latter aim in view, students are urged
to carry on, so far as they can, the kind of program in which they find
their fullest personal development, in the confidence that they will
thereby become capable of making their richest contribution to their
communities. This aim is within the present range of possibility for
all women students and for men under draft age who may make a start
in the work to which they will return after the war. The immediate need
of preparing men and women for national service is met by a variety of
courses in the humanities and the social sciences as well as in the natural
sciences and engineering, and by a Navy V-12 program in which instruc­
tion is in the hands of the Swarthmore College Faculty.
As an interesting addition to the Navy program, a unit of 49 Chinese
officer candidates came to the college in November, 1943, for two terms
of instruction in English, and in the natural sciences.
The undergraduate body now includes a unit of 250 apprentice sea­
men who will be candidates for commissions as deck, engineering, and
medical officers, in addition to 100 civilian men and 350 women. All
students continue to be housed in college dormitories and to have their
meals in the college dining room. Civilian and Navy students attend the
same classes, and cooperate fully in athletics, student activities, and
college social life.
To meet war-created demands, the college has adopted an accelerated
program which includes three terms of sixteen weeks each. Eight such
terms constitute the normal requirements for the B.A. or B.S. degree,
but a student who enrolls for three terms a year will complete his work
in 32 months. If he is called into service after his seventh term, he may
be granted a special war degree. Freshmen have been accepted at the
beginning of each term, in November, March and July. The accelerated
program has not been compulsory but has been strongly recommended
for all men and for women in science. Whether or not it will be carried
through the summer of 1945 will depend upon national needs. The
college stands ready to provide a summer term so long as it may be
required for a Navy V-12 Program or may prove practicable for return­
ing veterans.
24

POLICY TOWARD VETERANS
1. Swarthmore welcomes veterans of the Armed Forces, both men and women,
who are qualified to do the work and who are interested in the type of program
and community life for which the college stands.
2. The college offers courses leading toward the B,A. degree in arts and
sciences and the B.S. degree in civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. We
do not contemplate setting up courses outside these fields, but within the estab­
lished program every effort will be made to adjust courses to individual or
group needs.
3. Provision will be made for an accelerated program for veterans. The
college will offer its own summer term if the number wishing such a program
is sufficient. Otherwise, arrangements will be made for summer work at other
institutions and full credit will be given by the college for satisfactory per­
formance.
4. Questions of admission and academic status will be determined on the mer­
its of each individual case. Careful consideration will be given to the pre­
vious academic record of the applicant and to experience contributing to the
intellectual development of the applicant gained in the training programs of the
various Services and under the direction of the Armed Forces Institute! As a
general principle, applicants will be accepted at that academic level which will
enable them by the time they qualify for degrees to compete on equal terms
with those who have proceeded through the normal eight semesters.
5. Various tests will be used to help determine the academic status and best
programs for the applicant. All candidates are urged to take the four tests of
general educational development administered by the Armed Forces Institute.
These are available at most demobilization centers. They may also be taken at
the college. In addition aptitude and subject matter tests may be given by the
college as an aid both to the veteran and to the college.
6. The college will accept as students married veterans. Both husband and
wife, if qualified, will be eligible to take courses for credit.
7. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 provides for government aid
to the veteran in completing his education. Applications for this aid are avail­
able at the various branch offices of the Veterans Administration and at the
college. Veterans are eligible for college scholarship and grants-in-aid when
government help is not available.
8. Application for admission should be made to the Deans, Swarthmore Col­
lege, Swarthmore, Pa. A catalogue, application card, and Veterans Administra­
tion Rehabilitation Form (for government aid) will be sent upon request. An
applicant is urged wherever possible to visit the college and discuss his problems
and proposed program with the Deans, members of the Admissions and scholar­
ship committees, and representatives of the departments in which he expects to
do his work.

25

THE STUDENT’S PROGRAM
General Statement
Swarthmore College offers the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the
degree of Bachelor of Science. The latter is given only in the Division
of Engineering; the former, in the Divisions of the Humanities, the
Social Sciences, and Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.* Eight terms
of resident study which are normally completed in four years lead to a
Bachelor’s degree. During the war, an accelerated program of three
terms a year is optional.
During the first half of their college program, all students are ex­
pected to complete general college requirements, to choose their major
and minor subjects, and to prepare for advanced work in these subjects
by taking certain prerequisites. Their schedule is made up of full or half
courses. Four full courses or their equivalent in half courses constitute
the normal program for two terms.**A full course represents from ten
to twelve hours of work a week, including class meetings and laboratory
periods. The program for upper class students affords a choice between
two methods of study: Honors Work, which may lead to a degree with
Honors, and General Courses. An honors student concentrates upon
three related subjects which he studies by the seminar method; the
system will be explained more fully below. A student in general courses
m a y concentrate somewhat less, and continues to have a schedule of four
full courses for two terms.
In addition to scholastic requirements for graduation, all students
must meet certain standards of participation in Physical education as set
forth in the statement of that department (see pp. 87-89) and must
attend the Collection exercises of the college (see p. 40).
Course Advisers
The course advisers of freshmen and sophomores are members of the
faculty appointed by the deans. For juniors and seniors the advisers are
the r h a i r m p n of their major departments or their representatives.
* For groupings of departments, see page 18.
** For permission to carry extra work, see page 44.

26

PROGRAM FOR FRESHMEN AND SOPHOMORES

A revised program for the first four terms will be put into effect
in the fall of 1945. Although the details of the new plan must still be
worked out, its general purpose can be stated now.
The proposed program will be designed primarily to contribute to
a student’s general education by giving him an introduction to the
methods of thinking and the content of knowledge in a variety of fields:
1. The traditional humanistic studies—those studies through which
man learns to understand himself and his relationship to his fellows as
individuals, and the enduring values in human experience.
2. The social sciences—those studies through which man learns to
understand the nature of organized society, past and present, and the
relationship of himself to it.
3. The natural sciences—those studies through which man learns to
understand the world, both organic and inorganic, outside of his own
individual and social being.
Accordingly, every student will include in the work of his first two
years one course or half course in each of the following subjects:
History
Philosophy
Literature
Natural Science
Foreign Language
Psychology
Social Science
Mathematics
(for scientists)
He should then have a broad and sound background for the more
specialized work of his last two years.
REQUIREMENTS IN FORCE FO R 1944-45

The general requirements for the first four terms include:
(a) Two full courses selected from two of the three Divisions:
Humanities, Social Sciences, Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.
(b) Prerequisites for the work of the last four terms in major and
minor subjects.
(c) Completion of the minimum foreign language requirement. An
exceptionally well prepared freshman may demonstrate that he has
completed this requirement before entering college by his rating in an
Achievement Test given by the College Entrance Examination Board.
The results of the test indicate, however, that most students need to
devote from one to four terms to further study of language.
The language requirement is explained as follows:
Each student will pursue one foreign language to a point equivalent
to the completion o f Course 2. The desired standard is normally met
27

on the bash of four years’ work in high school, or of three or two years’
work in high school followed by one or two terms in college. I f a stu­
dent fulfills the requirement with a language which he begins in college,
he will need to study it for four terms. I f he fulfills it with a language
begun elsewhere, his progress toward the degree of competence de­
manded is measured by a placement test. This may be one of the
achievement tests of the College Entrance Examination Board which he
has taken as a requirement for admission. Additional placement tests
are given when necessary by the Swarthmore departments of language.
PROGRAM FOR JUNIORS AND SENIORS
W ORK IN COURSES

The work of juniors and seniors in courses includes some intensive,
specialized study in two related subjects, designated as a "major” and
a "minor.” A student’s major is the subject in which he offers at least
four courses for graduation and in which he must pass a compre­
hensive examination at the end of his senior year. His "minor” is a
subject in the division of his major, in which he must complete three
courses or their equivalent. A major in English is often combined
with a minor in History, Philosophy, Fine Arts, or a foreign literature;
a major in Economics, with a minor in Political Science, History,
Philosophy, or Psychology; a major in Chemistry, with a minor in
Physics or Mathematics, etc.
A student must choose his major and minor at the end of the
sophomore year, and apply formally to be accepted by the two depart­
ments. The members of the major department consider him not only
on the basis of his grades, but also on their estimate of his ability to
pass a comprehensive examination. If a student is not acceptable as a
major to any department, he cannot be allowed to enter the junior
class. His minor also must be approved.
In addition to major and minor subjects, juniors and seniors usually
have room for at least one elective a year.
The completion of sixteen full courses, with a minimum average
of C, normally constitutes the course requirement for a degree. A stu­
dent may carry extra work after the freshman year with the approval of
his course adviser and of the Committee on Prescribed and Extra Work,
provided that his record in the previous year has been satisfactory.
28

HONORS WORK
D E S C R IP T IO N O F T H E SY STEM

Honors work is a system of instruction designed to free from the
limitations of class-room routine those students whose maturity and
capacity enable them to do independent work. Students who are chosen
toward the end of their sophomore year to read for honors are exempt
from further course requirements. Instead, during their junior and
senior years they study a few subjects intensively and independently.
They meet their instructors weekly in small seminars lasting about three
hours. In these meetings it is customary for students to present, frequent
papers, although the methods of stimulating discussion vary greatly. In
scientific subjects additional time is spent in the laboratory. The work
is so planned that a student takes two seminars each semester, making
a total of eight seminars during his last two years. Departments some­
times permit their major students to prepare a thesis instead of one
seminar.
Honors work involves a concentration of the student’s efforts upon
a limited and integrated field of studies. He chooses seminars in three
(or sometimes four) allied subjects, and customarily devotes at least
one-half of his time to a single department in the line of his major
interest, in which he is expected to demonstrate real achievement.
Combinations of seminars are not governed by rigid rules but must
be approved by the departments and divisions in which work is taken.
Combinations involving seminars from two divisions must be approved
by the Committee on Extra and Prescribed Work. No examinations or
grades are given from semester to semester.* At the end of the senior
year honors students take written and oral examinations given by ex­
aminers from other institutions.**
The student should attain a degree of proficiency which will enable
him to meet a rigorous and searching examination. This examination is
designed to test his competence in a field of knowledge rather than his
mastery of those facts which an instructor has seen fit to present in
seminar. This is one of the chief ends for which the system of visiting
examiners has been instituted. The examiners first set a three-hour
written examination on the subject of each seminar, and after reading
the written examination have an opportunity to question each student
orally, in order to clarify and enlarge the basis of their judgment of the
student’s command of his material.
* It is customary for honors students to take practice examinations at the end of the junior
year over the work covered thus far. These papers are read by the instructor concerned and
are used as a basis for advice and guidance for the work of the senior year.
** For list of examiners in October, 1943; February, June, October, 1944, see pages 16, 17.

29

Upon recommendation of the examiners, successful candidates are
awarded the bachelor’s degree with honors, with high honors, or with
highest honors. Highest honors are awarded only to those who show
unusual distinction. When the work of a candidate does not, in the
opinion of the examiners, merit honors of any grade, his papers are
returned to his instructors, who decide, under rules of the faculty,
whether he shall be given a degree in course.
Students admitted to honors work who prove unable to meet the re­
quirements or who for other reasons return to regular classes may
receive proportional course credit for the work they have done while
reading for honors.
Regulations governing possible combinations of major and minor
subjects in the four divisions appear below. Lists of seminars offered in
preparation for examinations follow departmental statements.
R E G U L A T IO N S

Combinations of Majors and Minors
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES

Major subjects include English, French, German, Greek, History,
Latin, Philosophy and Psychology; related minor subjects include those
already listed, Music and Fine Arts. At least half of the student’s time
■will probably be devoted to his major subject, the remainder being
divided between two related subjects within the division.
DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

Major and minor subjects include Economics, History, Philosophy,
Psychology, and Political Science. Students in this division normally
devote half their time to their major subject, dividing the remainder
among related minor subjects according to plans approved by the
division.
DIVISION OF MATHEMATICS AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES

Major subjects include Botany, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics,
Psychology, Zoology; related minor subjects include the subjects listed,
and Astronomy and Philosophy. At least half of the student’s time will
probably be devoted to his major subject, with the remainder divided
between two other related subjects within the division.
30

DIVISION OF ENGINEERING

Major subjects for honors work in this division include Civil En­
gineering, Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering; a minor
may be taken in either or both of the engineering departments in
which the student does not have his major, or in Chemistry, Mathe­
matics, Physics or Economics. At least one-half of the student’s time
will be devoted ¿0 his major in engineering. The degree granted is the
B.S. in Engineering.
The final examination will include papers on the fundamentals of
the three professional departments of engineering, four papers on the
seminars of the senior year, and one or two additional papers based
upon the course which the student has taken, the number of the papers
and their subjects to be determined by the faculty of the division.
Procedure for Admission
A candidate for admission to an honors division must file his applica­
tion near the end of his sophomore year with the chairman of his
division, and must indicate the particular combination of related sub­
jects on which he wishes to be examined for his degree. His acceptance
by the division depends in part upon the quality of his previous work
as indicated by the grades he has received but mainly upon his apparent
capacity for assuming the responsibility of honors work. The names of
successful candidates are announced later in the spring. The major de­
partment will then arrange, in consultation with the student, a definite
program of subjects to constitute the field of knowledge on which he
will be examined at the end of his senior ygar. That department is
responsible for drawing up the original plan of his work, for super­
vising his choice of seminars in all departments and for keeping in
touch with his progress from semester to semester. The division is
responsible for approval of the student’s original- program and for any
subsequent changes in that program. Proposals for combinations of
subjects or departments not provided for in the divisional arrangements
must be submitted by the division to the Committee on Extra and
Prescribed Work for final approval.
31

DEGREES
BACHELOR OF ARTS AND BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

The degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science are con­
ferred upon students who have met the requirements for graduation as
stated on pages 27, 28 and following. Students who are drafted after
the completion of the seventh semester and who are in good standing
when drafted shall be awarded the Bachelor’s degree honoris causa.
MASTER OF ARTS AND MASTER OF SCIENCE

The degrees of Master of Arts and Master of Science may be con­
ferred upon graduates of Swartmore College or of other institutions of
satisfactory standing who spend at least a year in residence at this col­
lege, pursuing a course of study approved by the faculty. Each candidate
for the Master’s degree must prepare a satisfactory thesis on a subject
assigned by the professor in charge of the major subject, and must
pass a final oral examination before a committee of the faculty. In
recent years the policy of the faculty has been opposed to accepting
candidates for the Master’s degree.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING DEGREES

The advanced degrees of Mechanical Engineer (M.E.), Electrical
Engineer (E.E.), and Civil Engineer (C.E.), may be obtained by
graduates who have received their Bachelor’s degree in Engineering
upon the fulfilling of the requirements given below:
1. The candidate must have been engaged in engineering work for
five years since receiving his first degree.
2. He must have had charge of engineering work and must be in a
position of responsibility and trust at the time of application.
3. He must make application and submit an outline of the thesis he
expects to present, one full year before the advanced degree is to be
conferred.
4. The thesis must be submitted for approval one calendar month
before the time of granting the degree.
5. Every candidate shall pay a registration fee of $5 and an addi­
tional fee of $20 when the degree is conferred.
32

ADMISSIONS PROCEDURE
Applications for admission should be addressed to the deans of
the college; from men applicants, to Dean Everett L. H unt; from
women, to Dean Frances Blanshard.
GENERAL STATEMENT

An applicant for admission will be judged on the basis of the fol­
lowing evidence:
1. Record' in secondary school.
2. Recommendation of the school principal or headmaster.
3. Rating in the Scholastic Aptitude Test, and in his choice of three
of the Scholastic Achievement Tests given by the College Entrance
Examination Board.
4. Personal interview with one of the deans or an appointed repre­
sentative (interviews are normally arranged only for applicants of
promise).
As the number of qualified applicants greatly exceeds the limits of
the freshman class, admission is on a competitive basis. In the selection
of students, strong intellectual interests and excellence in some par­
ticular direction will receive more consideration than a record which
shows a higher average without promise of unusual ability in any one
field. Children of Friends and Alumni of the college who rank high
in their graduating class will be assured of admission; those who do
not rank high will be considered under the terms of the selective process
described above.
In general candidates are admitted on the basis of (1) high rank in
school and in the Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests; (2)
evidence of sturdiness of character.
ADVANCED STANDING

For favorable consideration, applicants for advanced standing must
have had a good scholastic record in the institution from which they
wish to transfer, and must present full credentials for both college and
preparatory work and a letter of honorable dismissal. They must also
take the Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests required of a
freshman entrant, unless they have already taken these tests for ad­
mission to another college.
As a general rule, students are riot admitted to advanced standing
later than the beginning of the sophomore year. The minimum re­
quirement of residence for a degree is four terms, two of which must
be those that constitute the senior year.
33

SUBJECTS OF PREPARATORY STUDY

In preparation for college an applicant is expected to complete a
four-year secondary school course which includes work in English,
foreign language, mathematics, history, and usually a laboratory science.
The table below shows the possible distribution of work among these
subjects. A "unit” represents a course involving four or five periods a
week throughout one school year except in the case of English where
three units are assigned for four such courses.*

Required Subjects, Ten and One-Half Units
Elementary and Intermediate Algebra ......................
Plane Geometry .............................................................
English (4 years) .......................'. ................................
♦♦Foreign Language .............. , ..................................
History ................................................................. ..........

Units
1Vi
1
3
4
1

Elective Subjects, Four and One-Half Units
Units
American History .......... .......... 1
C iv ics............................... . . . . . . Vi
Problems of Democracy . .......... 1
Physics .................... . . . .......... 1
Chemistry ....................... .......... 1
Botany ........................... . 1/ 2 or 1
Biology ......................... . i/2 or 1
Physical Geography . . . . . V2 or 1
Freehand D raw ing........ . 1/ 2 or 1
Mechanical Drawing .. . . f/ 2 or 1
Music ........ ...................... .......... 1
(with History and Theory)
Art History and Appreciation.. 1

Units
Advanced Algebra . . . .
■ id
♦♦♦Solid Geometry . . .
. %
* ♦♦Plane Trigonometry
■ Vi
Latin ............................. 2, 3 or 4
Greek ........................... 2, 3 or 4
French ........................... 2, 3 or 4
German ......................... 2, 3 or 4
Spanish ......................... 2, 3 or 4
.. 1
Ancient H isto ry ............
Medieval and Modern History . . 1
Modern History ..........
.. 1
.. 1
English H isto ry ............

♦ These entrance requirements may be modified in individual cases to meet the conditions
of the present national emergency.
** Five units, three of one language and two of another, are recommended whenever possible.
Engineering students need offer only two units. Applicants who expect to concentrate in science
are strongly advised to include German, and if possible also French, in their school program. This
will permit a more flexible program in college.
Required of engineering students.

34

EXAMINATIONS FOR ADMISSION AND FOR
SCHOLARSHIPS

All applicants for admission are required to take certain examinations
given by the College Entrance Examination Board: the Scholastic Apti­
tude Test and three Achievement Tests, one of which must be in
English Composition, the other two to be chosen by the candidate. No
additional tests are required of candidates for scholarships. For informa­
tion please write to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 592,
Princeton, N. J.

A NEW TIME TABLE

Applicants for admission in October 1945 must file their applica­
tions by February 15, 1945, and must take the required tests given
by the College Entrance Examination Board on April 7, 1945. Appli­
cants who wish to enter in March 1945 should take their tests on
December 2, 1944.
Candidates for the White Open Scholarships must write for a special
application blank by February 1, 1945, and must return it to the Deans’
Office by February 15. The date on which they are to take their tests is
April 7, 1945.
Notices of the action of the Admissions Committee will be mailed
early in May.

JUNIOR EXAMINATIONS

Students who wish to take tests for practice at the end of the junior
year are encouraged to do so. Unless their ratings are phenomenally
high, however, they should repeat all tests in April of their senior year,
in order to give themselves the advantage of their maximum prepara­
tion in the very keen competition for admission.
35

EXPENSES
The charge for tuition is to be increased, beginning in the fall of
1945, ftom $200 to $225 a term. This change has become necessary
because of higher costs and lower returns from the endowment. Stu­
dents who find the extra charge difficult to meet will be given special
consideration by the Committee on Scholarships.
The charge for residence is $250 a term. There is a uniform labora­
tory and activities fee of $25 per term, which covers both academic and
extra-curricular college activities and supersedes all separate fees
formerly charged. A deposit of $25 is required of each student, pay­
able in advance, to cover incidental bills. Any unused balance is
returned.
Charges per term:
Tuition ..................................................................................$225
Residence ......................................
Fees .................

250
25

Total ch arg es.................................... ..................................$500
The payment of each term’s charges is due not later than Registration
Day at the beginning of the term. Bills are mailed before the opening
of the current term. Payments should be made by check or draft to the
order of S w a r t h m o R e C o l l e g e . In case a student’s bill is not paid by
the end of the first month, he may be excluded from all college exer­
cises. Correspondence about financial matters should be addressed to
the Comptroller, Mr. Nicholas O. Pittenger.
No reduction or refunding of the tuition charge can be made on
account of absence, illness or dismissal during the year. If a student
shall withdraw or be absent from college for any reason, there will be
no reduction or refund because of failure to occupy the room assigned
for that term. In case of illness or absence for other reasons from the
college for six weeks or more, there will be a proportionate reduction
for board, provided that notice be given to the Comptroller at the time
of withdrawal. Fees cannot be refunded for any reason whatever.
Students may charge incidental bills, including purchases at the
college bookstore, laundry, telephone and room breakage, against the
$25 deposit. When this deposit has been exhausted a new deposit will
be required immediately.

36

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
The S w a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e L i b r a r y , in part the gift of Andrew
Carnegie, contains reading rooms, offices, and a collection of 135,000
volumes. Some 5,000 volumes are added annually. About 600 period­
icals are received regularly. The general collection, including all but
the scientific and technical books and journals, is housed in the library
building, situated on the front campus. An addition providing store­
room for 150,000 volumes was erected in 1935. Important special units
of the main library are the Appleton collection of classics and English
literature and the Potter collection of legal material. The library is
definitely a collection of books and journals for undergraduate use.
The demands of honors work, however, make necessary the provision
of large quantities of source material not usually found in collections
maintained for undergraduates. It is a point of library policy to try to
supply, either by purchase or through inter-library loan, the books
needed by students or members of the faculty for their individual
research.
The F r i e n d s H i s t o r i c a l L i b r a r y , founded in 1870 by Anson
Lapham, is one of the outstanding collections in the United States of
manuscripts, books, pamphlets, and pictures relating to the history of
the Society of Friends. The library is the central depository for the
records of Friends’ meetings belonging to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting
(Hicksite), and contains approximately 900 record books, many of
which have been reproduced on microfilm. A microfilm reading machine
is available. Among the other manuscript holdings are the Charles F.
Jenkins Autograph Collection, including signatures of authors, reform­
ers, and members of the Continental Congress; the Charles F. Jenkins
Whittier Collection, consisting of first editions and manuscripts of
John Greenleaf Whittier'; and journals, letters, and miscellaneous
papers of many Friends. The library’s collection of printed materials
by and about Friends includes a large number of seventeenth-century
imprints as well as many books, pamphlets, and periodicals of later
date. There is also an extensive collection of photographs of meeting
houses and pictures of representative Friends including the original of
Sir Peter Lely’s portrait of George Fox. Also housed in the Friends
Historical Library is the Jane Addams Peace Collection built around
a nucleus of books and personal papers given in 1930 by Jane Addams;
it contains a large amount of material dealing with international peace
and has become a repository for the files of many peace organizations.
All the collections are housed in the Biddle Memorial Library, a fire­
37

proof structure of stone and steel, given by Clement M. Biddle in
memory of his father. It is hoped that Friends and others will consider
the advantages of depositing in this library for preservation and for the
use of scholars, books and family papers which may throw light on
the history of the Society of Friends.
The W i l l i a m J . C o o p e r F o u n d a t i o n provides a varied program
of lectures and concerts which enriches the academic work of the col­
lege. The Foundation was established by William J . Cooper, a devoted
friend of the college, whose wife, Emma Mcllvain Cooper, served as
a member of the Board of Managers from 1882 to 1923. Mr. Cooper
bequeathed to the college the sum of $100,000 and provided that the
income should be used "in bringing to the college from time to time
eminent citizens of this and other countries who are leaders in states­
manship, education, the arts, sciences, learned professions and business,
in order that the faculty, students and the college community may be
broadened by a closer acquaintance with matters of world interest.”
Admission to all programs is without charge.
The Cooper Foundation Committee works with the departments and
with student organizations in arranging single lectures and concerts,
and also in bringing to the college speakers of note who remain in
residence for a long enough period to enter into the life of the com­
munity. Some of these speakers have been invited with the understand­
ing that their lectures should be published under the auspices of the
Foundation. This arrangement has so far produced 7 volumes:
Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop. The Essentials of Democracy. Philadel­
phia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1929.
Lowes, John Livingston. Geoffrey Chaucer and the Development of
His Genius. New York, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934.
Weyl, Hermann. Mind and Nature. Philadelphia, University of Penn­
sylvania Press, 1934.
America!s Recovery Program, by A. A. Berle, Jr., John Dickinson,
A. Heath Onthank . . . and others . . . London, New York, etc. Oxford
University Press, 1934.
Madariaga, Salvador. Theory and Practice in International Relations.
Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937.
Streit, Clarence Kirshman. Union N ow ; a proposal for a Federal
union o f the democracies of the north Atlantic. New York, Harper,
1939.
Krogh, August. The Comparative Physiology of Respiratory Mech­
anisms. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941.
38

The B e n j a m i n W e s t S o c i e t y , an organization of alumni, members
of the faculty, and friends of the college, has built up a collection of
286 paintings, drawings, and etchings, which are exhibited as space
permits in various college buildings. The Society owes its name to the
American artist of the eighteenth century who was born in a house
which still stands on the Swarthmore Campus, and who became Presi­
dent of the Royal Academy.
The G e o r g e G r e y B a r n a r d C o l l e c t i o n , the gift of the artist, con­
tains 200 casts of his works, many of great size. It is not open to vis­
itors, since the' building in which it is temporarily stored for safe keeping
is not suitable for exhibitions.
The B r o n s o n M. C u t t i n g M e m o r i a l C o l l e c t i o n o f R e c o r d e d
M u s i c was established at Swarthmore College in 1936 by a gift of
approximately four thousand phonograph records, a radio-phonograph,
books and musical scores, from the family of Bronson Murray Cutting!
late Senator from New Mexico. Its object is to make the best recorded
music available to the undergraduates, faculty, and friends of Swarth­
more College, in cooperation with the work of the college Department
of Music.
The A r t h u r H o y t S c o t t H o r t i c u l t u r a l F o u n d a t i o n . T w o
hundred and thirty-seven acres are contained in the College.property,
including a large tract of woodland and the valley of Crum Creek!
Much of this tract has been developed as an Arboretum through the
provisions of the Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, estab­
lished in 1929 by Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott and Owen and Margaret
Moon as a memorial to Arthur Hoyt Scott of the Class of 1895. The
Arboretum is designed both to beautify the campus and to afford exam­
ples of the better kinds of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants which
are hardy in the climate of Eastern Pennsylvania and suitable for plant­
ing by the average gardener. There are exceptionally fine displays of
Japanese cherries and tree peonies, and a great variety of lilacs and
chrysanthemums. Many donors have contributed generously to the col­
lections. (For full information see Bulletin of Swarthmore College,
Vol. xxxvii, No. 5.)

39

COLLEGE LIFE
RELIGIOUS LIFE

The religious life of the college is founded on the Quaker principle
that the seat of spiritual authority lies in the Inner Light of each indi­
vidual. It is committed to the belief that religion is best expressed in
the quality of everyday living. There are accordingly no compulsory
religious services. Students are encouraged to attend the churches of
their choice: Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Christian Science,
in the borough of Swarthmore; Catholic, in the nearby towns of Mor­
ton, Media, and Chester. The Swarthmore Meeting House is located
on the campus. Students are cordially invited to attend its active religious
service on Sunday. Extra-curricular groups under faculty direction exist
for the study of the Bible and the exploration of common concerns in
religion.
There is an assembly of the college, called Collection, from 11.00
until 11.30 a.m. every Thursday in Clothier Memorial; attendance of
students is required. The program is opened by a period of silence
according to the Friendly tradition, followed by an address or music.
HOUSING

Swarthmore is primarily a residential college, conducted on the
assumption that an important element in education comes from close
association of students and instructors. Most students live in dormi­
tories. Many members of the faculty live in houses on the campus.
Dormitories
There are six dormitories for men: Wharton Hall, named in honor
of its donor, Joseph Wharton, at one time President of the Board of
Managers; Palmer, Pittenger and Roberts Halls on South Chester Road.
Wharton Hall is now occupied by the Naval Unit.
The women’s dormitories include the upper floors in the wings of
Parrish Hall; W orth Hall, the gift of William P. Worth, 1876, and
J. Sharpless Worth, ex-1873, as memorial to their parents; Woolman
House and Bassett Dormitory on Walnut Lane.
Dining Rooms
All students, both men and women, have their meals in two adjoining
College Dining Rooms in Parrish Hall.
40

STUDENT WELFARE

Health
There are two part-time college physicians, one for civilian men and
one for women, each of whom holds daily office hours at the college.
Students may consult them during office hours without charge. A student
must report any illness to the college physicians, but is free to go for
treatment to another doctor if he prefers to do so.
The college physicians give physical examinations to all students at
the beginning of their freshman year, and arrange to see every student
at least once in each subsequent year.
The college health program includes tuberculin tests, which are com­
pulsory for all students.
There are three infirmaries, one for the Naval Unit, one for civilian
men and one for women. The "sick bay” for the Naval Unit is in
Section F of Wharton Hall; the infirmary for civilian men, in Roberts
Hall. The women’s infirmary is at the east end of Parrish Hall. A
registered nurse is in charge of each, under the direction of the college
physicians.
The infirmaries are open to resident students without charge unless
the services of a special nurse are required. Students suffering from a
communicable disease or from illness which makes it necessary for them
to remain in bed must stay in the infirmaries for the period of their
illness.
The psychiatrists of the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital are
consulted when need arises.
Student Advisers
The deans and their assistants and members of the faculty serve as
student advisers. They rely also on the help of upper class men and
women in work with freshmen. Members of the Senior Honorary
Societies of Book and Key and of Mortar Board carry special responsi­
bility for the Freshman Placement Program.
Vocational Advice
The Alumni Secretary and the Women’s Vocational Director provide
information on vocations and arrange conferences to assist students in
their choice of a career; they also attempt to help undergraduates and
graduates find employment.
41

THE STUDENT COMMUNITY*

Student Council
The whole undergraduate community of men and women is repre­
sented by the Student Council which attempts to coordinate all student
activities, and confers with the Administrative Council of the faculty
on college problems.
Men’s Executive Committee
The men students of the college are represented by the Men’s Execu­
tive Committee, a group elected to take responsibility for specified
problems which have to do primarily with dormitory life.
Women’s Student Government Association
All women students are members of the Women’s Student Govern­
ment Association, headed by an Executive Committee elected to pro­
mote a great variety of women’s interests. This committee includes the
chairmen of certain important committees: Conduct, which maintains
social regulations; Personnel, which has a special concern for helping
freshmen; Social (see below) ; Vocational, which assists the women’s
Vocational Director; Student-Alumnae Relationships, which arranges
the program for Somerville Day, on which alumnae are invited to return
to the College; Somerville Lectures, which brings to the college popular
speakers on. subjects related to the arts.
Social Committee
An extensive program of social activities is managed by the Social
Committee, under the direction o f two elected co-chairmen, a man and
a woman. The program is designed to appeal to a wide variety of
interests, and is open to all students.
Somerville Forum
All women undergraduates and graduates are members of the Somer­
ville Forum, an outgrowth of the Somerville Literary Society, which
was established in 1871. The undergraduates hold open meetings de­
voted to music, art and literature; the alumnae maintain two fellowships
for women for graduate work, the Lucretia Mott Fellowship and the
Martha E. Tyson Fellowship. The final meeting in April, known as
Somerville Day, is a gathering of alumnae and undergraduates.
* A HANDBOOK, written by student«, describing tbeir activities, may be obtained by writing
to the Dean's' Office.

42

FACULTY REGULATIONS
Attendance at Classes and Collection
Members of the faculty will hold students responsible for regular
attendance at classes.
When illness necessitates absence from classes the student should
report at once to the nurses or to the college physicians.
The last meeting before vacation and the first meeting after vacation
in each course must be attended. The minimum penalty for violation
of this rule is probation. The exact definition of probation in individual
cases is left to the deans with the understanding that it shall include
attendance at all classes without cuts.
Absences from Collection are acted upon by the deans as instructed
by the Collection Committee. All students are allowed two absences
from Collection each term.
Grades
Instructors report to the deans’ office at intervals during the year upon
the work of students in courses. Informal reports during the semester
take the form of comments on unsatisfactory work. At the end of each
semester formal grades are given in each course under the letter system,
by which A means excellent work; B means good work; C means fair
work; D means poor work, and E shows failure. W signifies withdrawn
and Cond. signifies conditioned in the course.
Reports are sent to parents and to students at the end of each
semester.
For graduation in general courses, a C average is required; for
graduation in honors work, the recommendation of the visiting exam­
iners. (See pp. 16, 29.)
The mark "conditioned” indicates either (1) that a student has done
unsatisfactory work in the first half of a course, but by creditable work
during the second half may earn a passing grade for the full course,
arid thereby remove his condition; (2) that a student’s work is incom­
plete in respect to specific assignments or examinations; when he com­
pletes it, he will remove his condition.
Conditions of both types must normally be made up in the term
immediately following that in which they were incurred; for the
removal of conditions of type (2 ), a date is set at the end of the first
six weeks of each term when makeup examinations must be scheduled
43

and late papers submitted. Under special circumstances involving a use
of laboratories or attendance at courses not immediately available, a
student may secure permission to extend the time for making up a con­
dition until the second term following. Any condition not made up
within a year from the time it is imposed shall thereafter be recorded
as E, i.e., complete failure, which cannot be made up.
Extra or Fewer Courses
A student may carry more or less than the normal number of courses
only if he has the formal approval of his course adviser and of the
Committee on Prescribed and Extra Work. He should submit his peti­
tion to the Committee on Registration Day.
Examinations
Any student who is absent from an examination, announcement of
which was made in advance, shall be given an examination at another
hour only by special arrangement with the instructor in charge of the
course.
No examination in absentia shall be permitted. This rule shall be
interpreted to mean that instructors shall give examinations only at the
college and under direct departmental supervision.
Summer School Work
Students desiring to transfer credit from a summer school are required
to obtain the endorsement of the chairman of the department concerned
before entering upon the work, and after completing the work are
required to pass an examination set by the Swarthmore department.
Residence
All men students except freshmen choose their rooms in order deter­
mined by lot. All freshmen, both men and women, are assigned to
rooms by the deans. Upper class women have a preferential system
carried out by a committee of students and members of the admin­
istrative staff.
Since vacations under the accelerated program are too short to permit
extensive travel, students may occupy their rooms between terms by
special arrangement with the deans. The college dining room is closed
during all vacations.
Freshmen are asked to leave the college immediately after their last

44

examination at the end of any term when they are going home so that
their rooms may be used by Commencement visitors.
Prohibition of Automobiles at Swarthmore
By action of the faculty, approved by the Board of Managers, under­
graduates are forbidden to maintain automobiles at the college or in
the borough of Swarthmore. The regulation is as follows:
Resident students are not allowed to keep automobiles on the campus
or in the borough of Swarthmore. The rule prohibits equally the keep­
ing of automobiles owned by students and those owned by other persons
but placed in the custody or control of students. Day students may use
cars in commuting-to college.
Under exceptional circumstances, a student may obtain permission
from one of the deans to keep an automobile in the borough for a
limited time.
Parents and students must realize that this regulation will be strictly
enforced; students who do not observe it will be asked to withdraw
from college.
Exclusion from College
The college reserves the right to exclude at any time students whose
conduct or academic standing it regards as undesirable, and without
assigning any further reason therefor; in such cases fees will not be
refunded or remitted, in whole or in part, and neither the college nor
any of its officers shall be under any liability whatsoever for such
exclusion.

45

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
Departmental statements include courses which are required by the
Navy V-12 program. These courses are designated by the numbers used
in the Curricula Schedules issued by the Navy. Such numbers (B l, C2,
etc.) appear in parentheses, and follow the usual Swarthmore Cata­
logue numbers in the case of courses open to both civilian and naval
students.

46

♦BOTANY
A ssistant P rofessors : L u z e r n G. L iv ingston , Chairman.
R u t h M c C lu n g J o n e s .
I n st r u c t o r : * * C harles H eim sc h .

1. Biology. Staffs of Botany and Zoology Departments.

Full course.

This introductory course is designed to present the fundamental aspects of biology. Wherever
possible*, principles will be illustrated by both plants and animals with particular reference to
their interdependence and interrelationship. The topics for consideration during the first semester
(Biology la) include: protoplasm, the cell, structure and function in the higher plants, genetics,
and a brief survey of the plant kingdom. The topics in the second semester (Biology lb) include:
principles of vertebrate structure and physiology, embryology, a comparative study of a few
invertebrate phyla, ecology, and evolution. The course is a prerequisite for advanced courses
in botany and zoology.
Three lectures or conferences and one laboratory period per week. .

Bl and B2. Staffs of Botany and Zoology Departments.
Similar to Biology 1 in scope, but schedules two lecture-recitation periods and two three'
hour laboratory periods per week. Open only to students who are in V'12 or who have the
permission of the departments.

2. Genetics. Mr. Livingston.

Hal] course.

study of the fundamental principles of genetics, including Mendelian inheritance, the
chromosome mechanism and the gene theory, and the application of the principles of genetics
to plant and animal breeding.
Two lectures, one conference and one laboratory period per week.
A

3. Taxonomy. Mr. Heimsch. (Omitted in 1944-45)

Half course.

A course including (1) the methods involved in identification of native and horticultural
species of the campus and woods, and (2) considerations of evidence from various fields of
study, i.e., anatomy, .morphology, cytology, etc., which bear directly on the problems of
interrelationships of angiosperms.
Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week.

4. Plant Anatomy. Mr. Heimsch. (Omitted in 1944-45)

Hal] course.

A course designed to introduce the technique of plant tissue preparation and the funda'
mentals of plant anatomy, includnig cellular organization of vegetative and reproductive parts
as well as critical considertion of meristematic activity and differentiation.
Two lectures and- two laboratory periods per week.

5. Survey of the Plant Kingdom. Mr. Heimsch. (Omitted in 1944-45)
Half course.
A comparative study of the structure and life habits of the thallophytes, bryophytes, and
tracheophytes (exclusive of the angiosperms). Particular attention will be given to current
concepts of evolutionary relationships from the standpoints of both comparative morphology
and palebotanical evidence.

6. Plant Physiology. Mr. Livingston.

Hal] course.

An integrated study of the physiological processes of the higher plant, including general
cellular physiology, water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, enzyme action and
organic synthesis, cellular respiration, translocation, the physiology of growth and development,
and related topics.
Two lectures, one conference, and one laboratory period per week.

7. Economic Botany. Mr. Heimsch. (Omitted in 1944-45)

Hal] course.

study of the principles and factors which condition the utilization of plant materials
such as wood and wood products, fibers, food products (fruits, cereals, leaf and root crops),
drugs, etc.
Three lectures per week, plus reports and/or laboratory.
A

* Under the accelerated pfdgram, not all courses will be oflFered every term.
** ABicWt tin leWe.

47

8. The Biology of Bacteria. Mr. Livingston.

Half course.

A n approach to the study of bacteriology with principal emphasis on .the consideration of

bacteria as organisms rather than causative agents for disease, etc.
Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week.

9. Cytology. Mrs. Jones.

Half course.

An advanced course including a study of both cytoplasmic and nuclear structures. Pre*
requisite either Botany 4. or Zoology 6a (Microscopic Anatomy).

10. Special Topics. Mr. Heimsch, Mrs. Jones, and Mr. Livingston.

Half course.

R E Q U IR E M E N T S F O R M A J O R A N D M IN O R I N C O U R SE

Students intending to major in botany are advised to consult a de­
partmental representative early in their college course for the purpose
of planning a well integrated program. Biology 1 and Chemistry 1 are
required as prerequisites for advanced work. Courses in physics, mathe­
matics, and further courses in chemistry are highly desirable, particu­
larly for students anticipating graduate study.
For students planning to minor in botany, Biology 1 constitutes the
sole prerequisite.
Numerous libraries, museums and parks in and around Philadelphia
offer unusual opportunities for students to carry on investigations in
the botanical sciences.
HONORS W ORK

Prerequisites. The following courses, or their equivalents, are required
for admission to honors work in botany: biology (see Course 1 above)
and general inorganic chemistry. Students are also urged to present
additional preparation in physics, mathematics, and chemistry whenever
this is possible. Candidates for honors should arrange a discussion of
their course program in relation to future honors work as early as possi­
ble in their freshman year.
Seminars. The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
1. Plant Physiology.
A n integrated study of the physical, chemical and biological aspects underlying plant function.

2. Plant Taxonomy and Distribution.
A close study of the classification and distribution of our most important plant families.
Laboratory and field work in plant identification, and a consideration of the effects of environ*
ment factors on the distribution of plants.

3. Genetics.
A study of the structure and development of the cell'theories of inheritance, Mendelism,
plant and animal breeding methods and problems, etc.

4*. Cytology.
A detailed study of plant and animal cells from the point of view of morphology and
function. Especial attention is given to cytogenetics.

3. Problems of Growth and Development.
A morphological and physiological study of growth phenomena in plants.

6. Bacteriology.
A study of the biology and biochemistry of bacteria.

48

CHEMISTRY
P rofessors: **H. J ermain Creighton , Chairman.
Edward H . Cox, Acting Chairman.
Associate Professors: D uncan G. F oster.
W alter B. K eighton , J r .
I nstructor : H oward P otter .

la ( Cl ) . Inorganic Chemistry. Mr. Keighton.

Half course.

Three lecture and recitation periods and one four-hour laboratory period weekly. Some of
the central concepts and fundamental principles of chemistry are studied thoroughly. The
application of these principles is emphasised rather than the mere accumulation of chemical
facts in order that the student may learn the methods of chemical inquiry through their use.
The course is designed to meet the needs of those students who wish to study chemistry as a
part of their general education as well as those professionally interested in chemistry. Text*
books: Hildebrand and Latimer, Principles o f Chemistry and Reference Book o f Inorganic
Chemistry; Bray and Latimer, A Course in General C hem istry.

This course and Chemistry lb together are prerequisites for later work in
chemistry.
lb (C2). Inorganic Chemistry and Qualitative Analysis. Mr. Keighton.
Half course.

Two lectures and two laboratory periods weekly. This course is a continuation of Chemistry
la and is also concerned with the fundamental principles of chemistry. The procedures of
qualitative analysis and the facts of descriptive chemistry are used as a framework for the
study of these principles. Textbooks: Those listed under Chemistry la and Fales and Kenny,
Inorganic Q ualitative A nalysis.
'

This course and Chemistry la together are prerequisites for later work in
chemistry.
11 (Cla-2a, C6). Chemistry and Engineering Materials. Mr. Potter and the
Engineering Division.
p„U course.
This course, designed to meet the Navy Cla and C2a requirements, is identical with
Chemistry la for the first term. During the second term there are three lecture.recitation
periods and one three-hour laboratory period weekly. The work of the second term is in
chemistry for eight weeks and in engineering materials for another eight weeks. The lectures
and laboratory work in engineering materials are given by the Engineering Division.

2. Qualitative Analysis. Mr. Foster.

Half course.

The theory and practice of the detection of the commoner chemical elements. Two lecturerecitation periods'and two four-hour laboratory periods weekly. Textbook: Hammett, Solutions
of Electrolytes.

Prerequisite: Chejnistry 1, with a minimum grade of C.

3 (C3). Quantitative Analysis. Mr. Foster.

Half course.

A review of analytical procedures studied in Chemistry 1 and an introduction to the theory
and practice of gravimetric and volumetric analysis. Two lecture-recitation periods and two
four-hour laboratory periods weekly. Textbook: Talbot, Q uantitative Chem ical Analysis.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 1, with a minimum grade of C.

4. Quantitative Analysis. Mr. Foster.

Full course.

A laboratory course in the principles of gravimetric analysis, organic and gas analysis.
Textbook:^ Kolthoff and Sandell, Q uantitative Inorganic A nalysis. Nine hours* laboratory work
weekly with conferences, when necessary, to be arranged at the beginning of the course.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 3.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave, Winter Term.

49

5 (C7). Physical Chemistry. Mr. Keighton.

Full course.

Three hours of conference and lectures and one four-hour laboratory period weekly. The
fundamental principles of theoretical chemistry are studied and a number of numerical exercises
are worked.. In the laboratory the student uses a wide variety of physical-chemical apparatus.
Books recommended: Millard, Physical C hem istry for Colleges; Daniels, Matthews, and
Williams, Experim ental Physical C hem istry.
Prerequisites, Chemistry 1 with a minimum grade of C, and a course in General Physics.
This course is offered to juniors and seniors.
The Navy C7 requirement is met by the lectures in this course without the laboratory
work. Credit toward graduation is given only on completion of the entire course, including the
laboratory work.
,

6a. Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox.

Half course.

Lectures, written exercises, and laboratory work. Three lecture-recitation periods and one
four-hour laboratory period a week. In the laboratory students carry out reactions and syntheses
of various organic compounds, as given in Adams and Johnson, Laboratory Experim ents in
Organic C hem istry. The lectures follow Conant, Chem istry o f Organic C om pounds, and cover
the principles and theories of organic chemistry, nomenclature and classification of aliphatic
compounds.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 1, with a minimum grade of C.

6b. Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox.

Half course.

Three lectyre-recitation periods and one four-hour laboratory period a week.
This course is a continuation of course 6a. In the laboratory, the students carry out some
of the more difficult preparations as given in Adams and Johnson, Gilman, Organic Syntheses.
and other laboratory manuals. In the lectures the aliphatic and aromatic series are studied
from an advanced point of view, and follow such texts as Conant, C hem istry o f Organic Com­
pounds, Fuson and Snyder, Organic C hem istry, and current review articles.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 6a, with a minimum grade of C.

16a (C4). Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox and Mr. Potter.

Half course.

The ground covered is similar to that outlined under Chemistry 6a, but the class meets for
two lecture-recitation periods and two three-hour laboratory periods a week.

16b (C5). Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox and Mr. Potter.

Half course.

The ground covered is similar to that outlined under Chemistry 6b, but the class meets for
two lecture-recitation periods and two three-hour laboratory periods a week.

HONORS W ORK

The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with
Honors:
1. Analytical Chemistry. Mr. Foster.
A laboratory seminar designed to give the student as thorough a groundwork in the prin­
ciples and practice of quantitative analytical chemistry as the time will allow. Approximately
twenty-four hours a week are spent in the laboratory under the guidance, but not the super­
vision of the instructor, carrying out examples of gravimetric, advanced volumetric and gas
analytical methods. Conferences are held when necessary.

2. Physical Chemistry. Mr. Keighton.
Weekly seminar and laboratory. The work of the seminar includes the study of the states
of aggregation of matter, elementary principles of thermodynamics, equilibrium, the theory of
solutions, electro-chemistry and colloid chemistry. One day per week is spent in the laboratory.

3. Advanced Physical Chemistry. Mr. Keighton.
Weekly seminar and laboratory. The work of the seminar includes the study of thermo­
dynamics, the activity concept and activity coefficients, the Debye-Huckel theory of strong
electrolytes, and chemical kinetics infcludirig photJcfctemistry arid a'cTd-base catalysis. Otic day
per w^ek is sjfent in the laboYitrdry.

50

4. Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox and Mr. Potter.
For students majoring in Chemistry and others wishing to take Honors 6, Advanced Organic
Chemistry. A four^hour conference and eight'hour laboratory period once a week. Conant’s
The Chem istry o f Organic Com pounds is preferred in covering the groundwork, although any
good standard text may be substituted. The groundwork is covered in three months. The remain*
ing part of the semester is given over to reviews of the text material and discussion on
reaction mechanisms and advanced topics. Adams and Johnson’s Laboratory Experim ents in
Organic C hem istry is used as the basis of laboratory work.

5. Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox and Mr. Potter.
For students taking Chemistry as their minor subject. A three-hour conference and six-hour
laboratory period once a week. The groundwork for the conferences is taken from any one of
the elementary organic texts (preferably Conant’s T h e Chemistry o f Organic Compounds). In
the laboratory students prepare various organic compounds as given in Adams and Johnson’s
Laboratory Experim ents in Organic C hem istry.

6. Advanced Organic Chemistry. Mr. Cox and Mr. Potter.
A continuation of Honors 4. Students write thirteen weekly comprehensive papers on ad­
vanced subjects. These papers are gathered from Reviews, Monographs, and original journal
articles A four-hour conference and eight-hour laboratory period-once a week. In the laboratory
the students prepare more difficult compounds and pursue approximately five weeks of qualitative
organic analysis. Prerequisite—Honors 4.

R E Q U IR E M E N T S F O R M A J O R A N D M IN O R

Students with a major in chemistry follow a course of study leading
to the degree of A.B. This degree may be taken either in course or
with Honors. In either case there must be completed, during the first
two years, the following: Two courses in chemistry, two courses in
mathematics, one course in physics, and two courses in German (or their
equivalent).
In the junior and senior years, students in course are required to
complete courses 4, 5, 6a and 6b in the department of chemistry and
to complete the requirements in their minor subject. For students who
have been accepted for honors work there are offered the seminars listed
above. At the end of their senior year, Honors students majoring in
chemistry take (1) not less than four nor more than five examination
papers in chemistry; (2) one paper in physics; (3) and the remaining
papers in topics selected from the following: mathematics, physics,
philosophy, physiology.
For admission to minor honors work in chemistry, Chemistry la and
I b is a prerequisite.
Students intending to prepare for the medical profession will find it
to their advantage to take as many as possible of the following courses
in chemistry: Nos. la and lb, 2, 3, 5, 6a and 6b.
51

♦CLASSICS
P rofessors: E. H. Brewster, Chairman.
L. R. Shero .
GREEK

1. Elementary Greek. Mr. Shero.

FuU course.

Study of the essentials of Greek grammar and reading of easy selections from Greek litera­
ture, with collateral study of various aspects of Greek civilisation.

2. Intermediate Greek. Mr. Shero.

Full course.

Selections from Homer and from Herodotus, Plato’s Apology and,a tragedy are read
Students planning to read for Honors will be permitted to do some of the reading for this
course in Latin,-if it is impossible for them to take Latin 4.

3. Greek Survey. Mr. Shero.

Full course.

A survey of Greek literature with reading of some of the masterpieces of prose and of
poetry of die classical period.

4. Advanced Greek Reading. Mr. Shero.

Full course. (Offered as required.)

The reading done in this course is determined by the interests and needs of the members
of the class.

9.

Greek Literature in English. Mr. Shero.

Half course.

Study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Greek literature, including the
Iliad, several of the dramas, Thucydides, and Plato s R epublic.

16. Greek and Roman Drama in English. Mr. Shero, Miss Brewster.
Half course.
Study in English translation of a considerable number of Greek and Latin tragedies and
comedies.
LATIN

1.

Sub-Freshman Latin.

Full course. (Offered as required.)

For students who begin Latin in college or for those who are not prepared to enter Latin
(Equivalent normally to two years’ preparation in secondary school.)

2.

1.

Intermediate Latin. Miss Brewster, Mr. Shero.
Full course or two half courses.

Prose and verse (including Phaedrus Gellius, Roman Law; Virgil) selected according to the
interests and needs of the members of the class. For students who have had two or more
years of preparatory Latin and are not prepared to enter Latin 3.

3.

Latin Survey. Miss Brewster.

Full course or two half courses.

A survey of Latin literature with emphasis upon Comedy, Livy; Horace, Elep. The course
aims to give students some conception of the Roman spirit as manifested in Latin literature
and in the personality of Latin writers. Open to those whose Achievement Tests indicate
adequate preparation.

4.

Advanced Latin Reading. Miss Brewster, Mr. Shero.
Full course or two half coursej .
Selected Letters of Cicero and Pliny, selections from Tacitus; Catullus, Virgil s Eclogues anu

Georgies.

* Under the accelerated program not all courses will be offered every term.

52

5. Roman Satire and Epigram. Miss Brewster.

Half course.

6. Latin Philosophical Writings. Miss Brewster.

Half course.

7. Latin Language. Miss Brewster.
Half course.
A study of die development of the Latin language. Practice in reading Latin, in writing

Lstin prose, and in translating Latin (including medieval Latin) at sight.

8. Comprehensive Survey.

Half course.

Review readings and supplementary reading in Latin authors and in modem authorities on
Roman history, public and private, art, literature, and religion. Designed to enable students,
through independent study and occasional conferences, to prepare themselves for final compre*
hensive examinations. Open to seniors with a major in Latin.

9. Latin Literature in English! Miss Brewster.

Half course.

A study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Latin literature, with emphasis
upon the drama, satire, and philosophic writings and their influence upon western thought and
literature.
'
,

16. Greek and Roman Drama in English. Mr. Shero, Miss Brewster.
.
. .
Half course.

Study in English translation of a considerable number of Greek and Latin tragedies and
comedies.

ANCIENT HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION

10. The Mediterranean World: Greece and the East (History 5). Mr. Shero.
Half course.

A study of Greet civilisation in its most significant aspects to the time of the Hellenistic
Kingdoms, preceded by a brief survey of the Oriental civilisations by which the Greets were
influenced. Special attention is given to the 6th and Tth centuries B.C.

11. The Mediterranean World: Rome (History 6). Miss Brewster
Half course.

A survey of the history of Rome to the accession of Marcus Aurelius, with emphasis upon
republican institutions and the Augustan principate. The course stresses the Roman genius for
organisation and administration.

12. Mediterranean Backgrounds. Mr. Shero, Miss Brewster.

Half course.

A study of the provinces of the Roman Empire as a background for modem Europe and the
Mediterranean countries.

1J. Greek Life and Thought. Mr. Shero.

Half course.

A general survey of those aspects of Greek civilisation which have had special significance
tor the modern world, with detailed study of some of the masterpieces of Greek art and of
Oreek literature (in translation).

14. Pagan-Christian Centuries. Miss Brewster.

Half course.

A study of the development of Christian forms and ideas in the Roman Empire before the
Constantine. Lectures and reports supplemented by readings in translation from pagan
and Christian sources.

15. Classical Art and Archaeology. Mr. Shero, Miss Brewster.

Half course.

A study of the methods of archaeological investigation, with a survey of the development
, Creek and Roman architecture, sculpture, painting, ceramics, numismatics, and town'
planning. Special attention is given to the early Greek period.

53

HONORS W ORK

I. General prerequisites: For a major in Greek or Latin: Elementary
Greek (1 ), Intermediate Greek (2 ), Latin Survey (3).
For a minor in Greek: Elementary Greek (1 ), Intermediate Greek
( 2) .

For a minor in Latin: Latin Survey (3 ).
II. Supplementary preparation advised: History of Europe (1 ), In­
troduction to Philosophy (2), French or German literature.
III. Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for
a degree with Honors:
1. History of Ancient Greek and Roman Civilization, a survey concentrating
upon political institutions, art, and religion. Mr. Shero.
2. Intensive Study of a Spceial Period of Greek or Roman History: Solon to
the End of the Peloponnesian War. Mr. Shero.
The Gracchi to Nero. Miss Brewster.
3. Plato. (See page 85 under Department of Philosophy.)
4. Greek or Latin Language: an introduction to classical philology, epigraphy,
palaeography; practice in reading and writing in Greek or in Latin. Mr.
Shero, Miss Brewster.
5. Prose Authors: Greek, Thucydides, Plato, the Attic Orators. Mr. Shero.
Latin, with emphasis upon Cicero and the Historians. Miss Brewster.
6. Poets: Greek, with emphasis upon Epic and Tragedy. Mr. Shero.
Latin, with emphasis upon Epic (including Lucretius) and Satire. Miss
Brewster.
7. Greek and Roman Archaeology: intensive study of the results of excava­
tions in a few important cities and sanctuaries (e. g., Corinth, Olympia;
Pompeii, Ostia).
8. Greek and Roman Political Thought: the principles presented in the writings
of Plato, Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero, and in the careers of representative
Roman statesmen.

Required for a major in Greek or Latin: Nos. 5, 6, either 3 or 4,
and one elective from the group above.
Required for a minor in Greek or Latin: Nos. 5 and 6 above and an
additional paper testing translation at sight.
Required for a major in Ancient History: Two seminars in the ancient
field (Nos. 1, 2, 7, or 8 above) and two seminars in medieval or mod­
ern history. See the statement under History.
IV.
A thesis may be substituted for No. 1 or No. 2 above if students
have adequate preparation in history, ancient art, and modern languages.
54

ECONOMICS
P rofessors : C lair W ilco x , Chairman.
H erbert F. F raser .
A ssociate P rofessor : »P a trick M u r ph y M a l in .
A ssistant P rofessors : **»F ra n k C. P ier so n .
W o lfgang F. St o l p e r .

Prerequisites and Requirements: Economics I is prerequisite to all
advanced courses and seminars in the department. Economics 2 and
3 are strongly recommended to all students who plan to major in the
department. Advanced courses and seminars are open only to juniors
and seniors. Money and Banking is required of all majors and should
be taken, in course or in seminar, during the junior year. Economic
Theory is required of all students taking four seminars in the depart­
ment and should be taken during the junior year.
Course Offerings: Courses 1, 2, 3 and 4 and all seminars are offered
annually. All other advanced courses are normally offered in alternate
years. A single semester of Courses 8, 9 and 11 may be taken for
half-course credit.
INTRODUCTORY COURSES

1 (BA 1-2). Introduction to Economics. Messrs. Fraser, Stolper and Wilcox.
Full course.
A description of the structure of the economy. A study of economic processes. An elementary
analysis of the determination of prices and the distribution of income. A discussion of con»
temporary economic problems.

2 (BA 5). Accounting.

Half course.

Theory of corporate accountancy; the functions and the interpretation of financial statements,
including credit analysis and financial and operating ratios.

3 (BA 7). Statistics. Mr. Stolper.

_

Half course.

Study and application of statistical methods used in analyses of economic data.
ADVANCED COURSES

4 (BA 3). Money and Banking. Mr. Stolper.

Half course.

Development and significance of the insitutions of money, credit, and banking. Theory and
practice of commercial banking. Central banking, liquidity, prices and monetary standards.
Credit control. Objectives in monetary policy.

5. Business Cycles. Mr. Stolper.

Half course.

A discussion of the time series used to measure the business cycle; a brief survey of the
statistical methods used; a discussion of business cycle theories with particular emphasis on the
determinants of the level of income and employment; an analysis of the 1930's.

6. International Economics. Mr. Fraser.

Half course.

International monetary problems: the balance of payments, the gold standard, free exchanges,
exchange equalization accounts, exchange control. The theory of international trade. Commercial
policy: tariffs, quotas, clearing agreements, reciprocal trade agreements.

7. Public Finance. Mr. Fraser.

Half course.

A study of government expenditures, indebtedness, and revenues, with particular emphasis
upon th ep rd b lem of déficit finarfdirfg and the eéOriomics of t&âttôn.
* Absent on le£ve.
** Absent on leave, part'tim e.

55

8. Economies of Business. Mr. Fraser.

course

The economic problems which confront the business executive. First semester: corporate
organisation and finance; investment banking and the securities exchanges. Second semester:
marketing problems and price policies; risk, speculation, and insurance.

9. Public Control of Business. Mr. Wilcox.

course.

First semester: competition and monopoly in construction, manufacturing, agriculture, market­
ing and the service trades; public enforcement and regulation of competition. Second semester:
public control of production and prices in municipal utilities, transportation communications
and the extractive industries; public control of prices in war-time. (Includes the material
covered in Navy V'12 Course BA'4.)

10. Labor Problems. Mr. Pierson.

-Half course.

The position of the industrial worker; the American labor movement; the structure and
functions of unions. Employer approaches to labor relations; personnel programs. The economics
of wage policies. Governmental control of labor relations.

Full course.

11. Social Economics. Mr. Wilcox.

An examination of, the extent, consequences, and causes of economic inequality. An appraisal
of economic reforms with particular reference to social security, medical care, housing, minimum
wage laws, the social use of the taxing power, consumers’ cooperation, socialism, and economic
planning.
SEMINARS

The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with
Honors:
1. Money and Banking. Mr. Pierson.
The subject matter includes the material covered in Courses 4 and 5 above. The
method consists of systematic seminar discussions on the basis of assigned readings, oral
reports, and written papers.

2. Economic Theory. Mr. Stolper.

An advanced analysis of the processes by which the prices of goods and services and the
incomes of the factors of production are determined under various market conditions. A study
of theories of the business cycle. Directed reading and discussion, supplemented by reports on
the theoretical problems raised by factual studies.

3. International Economics. Mr. Fraser.
A more detailed examination of the topics listed under Course 6 is followed by a study of
the economics of war and post-war readjustment. Directed reading and written reports.

4 Public and Private Finance. Mr. Fraser.
The subject matter parallels that of Courses 7 and 8. Directed reading and written reports.

5. Public Control of Business. Mr. Wilcox.
The subject matter parallels that of Course 9. Independent reading under guidance in an
extensive bibliography. Weekly outline reports but no semester reports.

6. Social Economics. Mr. Wilcox.

The subject matter parallels that of Courses 10 and 11. Independent reading under guidance
in an extensive bibliography. Weekly outline reports but no-semester reports.
THESIS

A thesis may be substituted for a course or for the examination on
the subject matter covered in a seminar, under exceptional circum­
stances, by special arrangement.
56

»ENGINEERING
Professors: Scott B. Lilly , Chairman.
** H oward M. J enkins .
Associate P rofessors: Samuel T. Carpenter .
Andrew Simpson (part-tim e).
»»C harles G. T hatcher .
» * »G eorge B. T ho m .
A cting Associate Professor : A. E. V ivell .
Visiting A ssociate P rofessors: Samuel J. Leonard (part-tim e).
A lbert H. Repscha (part-tim e).
W illiam J. Stevens (part-tim e).
A ssistant P rofessors: J o h n B. Clothier .
C. J ustus G arrahan .
»»J o h n D. M cCrum m .
M ark B. M oore .
JP aul S. Shook .
fpRED J. Spry .
I nstructor : fROBERT W . Richards.
Assistant : F. M. M cLarty (part-tim e).

There are three departments of Engineering: Civil, Electrical and
Mechanical. These departments cooperate in a program of (1) intro­
ductory courses, taken normally by freshman and sophomore engineers;
(2) general courses, open to all students in the college. Each depart­
ment offers also its own separate program of advanced work.
An engineering student devotes about half his time to engineering
courses; the other half he divides between basic sciences, such as physics
and mathematics, and the non-technical fields useful for a liberal
education.
* Since July 1, 1943, the College has had a Navy V'12 Unit on the campus and the civilian
program outlined above has been followed for students with advanced standing only. In these
trying times, the program of the civilian student must conform to the necessities of the training
for the Navy. The curricula in Engineering follow the specifications set forth in the current
Navy V'12 Bulletin. Civilian students are permitted to make certain substitutions for non»
technical courses, with the permission of their course adviser.
There can be little difference in the fundamentals taught under the Navy program and that
taught in the civilian program, although the arrangement of the material is slightly different.
The Navy curricula in Engineering now being offered at Swarthmore are: 101, 201, 311, 411,
351, 451, 353, 453,, 354, 454, 355, 455, 356, 456, 553, 653, 554, 654, 551, 651, 556, 656,
751, 851, 753, 853, 756, 856, 754, 854.
Persons interested in the study of engineering at Swarthmore should apply to Dean Hunt for
a copy of the current Navy V'12 Bulletin which describes above curricula in detail.
** Absent on leave.
*** Absent on part'time leave,
f Teaching in the Winter Term.

57

During their first three years, all engineering students follow the
schedule of courses outlined below. During the sophomore year students
may elect Course 8, Principles of Electrical Engineering. Those who
propose to major in electrical engineering should take this course. Those
students whose ability in the field of mathematics and the natural
sciences is marked, and those who intend to go on into graduate work,
should take an additional course in mathematics in the junior year;
those students whose greatest interest lies in administration, operation,
or management of engineering enterprises should choose their fourth
course in the field of economics or industrial management.
All students devote their last two years: (1) to developing their
special interests; (2) to fulfilling the major requirements of one of
the departments of Engineering; (3) to certain basic courses required
of all engineers. (For details see below.)
Engineering students qualify for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Engineering.
OUTLINE OF THE CURRICULUM IN ENGINEERING

Freshman Year—Four Courses
Humanities or Social Science elective
Mathematics 1, 2
Chemistry 1
Engineering 1, 2, 3
Summer Session Engineering 4, 5 (not offered under accelerated program)
Sophomore Year— Four Courses
Humanities or Social Science elective
English for Engineers
Mathematics 11, 12
Physics 1
Engineering 6, 7
In addition students who plan to major in electrical engineering
should take
Principles of Electrical Engineering 8 (Second semester only)
Junior Year—Four Courses
Humanities, Social Science or Natural Science elective
Mechanics of Fluids, consisting of
22—Elementary Fluid Mechanics
40—Thermodynamics
Mechanics of Solids, consisting of
20— Analytic Mechanics
21—
Strength of Materials
Electrical Engineering 10 and 11
Electrical Engineering 4
The courses taken in the senior year are described under the headings Civil,
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering.

58

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

Introductory Courses
1. Surveying. Mr. Carpenter.

One-quarter course.

Surveying instruments and their adjustment; practice in taping, leveling, running traverses,
taking topography, stadia work, preparation of profiles and maps from field notes.
Required course for freshman engineers. Open to all students who have had trigonometry in
high school or college.

2. Freshman Drawing and Shop Practice.

Half course.

Woodworking, pattern making, principles of foundry practice, forging and welding and
machine shop. Industrial trips. Orthographic projection and modern drafting practice. Sketching
with emphasis on accurate visualization.
Required course for freshman engineers; open to all students.

3. Descriptive Geometry.

One-quarter course.

A continuation of the principles of orthographic drawing as applied to problems of location
and description of bodies in space. It is concerned with the solutions of problems that arise in
connection with the determination of distances, angles, and intersections. Emphasis is placed
upon the application to practical engineering problems.
Two three'hour laboratory periods.
Required course for freshman engineers; open to all students.

*4. Long Survey.
One week during the summer following the freshman year.
Supplementary to Engineering 1. One week of continuous work in surveying and mapping,
including running of levels and of a topographical survey by the stadia method.
Required course for freshman engineers; open to all students who have taken Engineering 1.

6. Kinematics.

Half course.

A comprehensive study of the relative motions of links in a mechanism; the determination
of the velocities and accelerations of these members; the development of cams, of gears and
transmission machinery from the standpoint of motion. Drawing room solutions of problems of
a practical nature.
Required course for sophomore engineers; open to all students.

7. Materials of Engineering.

Half course.

Study of the chemistry and metallurgy, physical properties, practical and economic uses of
the common metals and alloys, wood, cement, and concrete. Laboratory exercises and written
reports. Trips to nearby plants.
Required course for sophomore engineers; open to all students who have had chemistry in
high school or college.

8. Principles of Electrical Engineering.

One-quarter course.

This course is open to all who are taking General Physics and Calculus. This is an intro*
ductory course to further work in Electrical Engineering in the junior year. It includes the
study of fundamental electrical quantities and the solution of typical problems of electro*
dynamics and simple electrical apparatus.
Required course for sophomore engineers who plan to major in Electrical Engineering; open
to students who have taken Physics 1.

General Courses
**10. Accounting.

Half course.

Theory of corporate accountancy; the terminology, the functions and the interpretation of
financial statements, including credit analysis and financial and operating ratios
Open to all students.
• These courses will not be given under the accelerated program.

** Courses No. 10 and 11, combined, are known as "Methods of Economic Analysis" (Eco*
nomics 2, 3).
59

11. Business Statistics.

Half course.

Study and applications of fundamental statistical methods which can be used in an analysis
of business conditions and changes, and which aid in a clearer understanding of .economic data.
Open to all students.

12. Industrial Management.

Full course.

A survey study of the organization and management of industrial activities, including historical
background, organization, physical plant, standardization, job standardization, wages, personnel
and control.
Open to all students.

14. Art Metal and Wood Working.
One afternoon a week, all year. No credit.
Designed to give the student a chance to express himself with his hands. The medium is
usually wood or metal, the project varying with the desire of the student. Emphasis is placed
on both the artistic and the practical side, and on developing powers of observation of detail.
Open to all students.

15. Contemporary Engineering Topics. One hour per week, all year. No credit.
This course includes the preparation of at least three carefully written papers on contempo'
rary engineering topics, and the oral presentation of the subject matter involved from notes.
The program is varied by extemporaneous speeches by students, or talks by outside speakers.
Required of all seniors majoring in engineering.

16. Analysis of Physical Problems. Mr. Garrahan.

Full course.

The origin, meaning, and method of solution of differential equations especially those arising
from the behavior of physical systems; emphasis on linear differential equations with constant
coefficients. The origin and solution of physical problems involving hyperbolic functions,
elliptic integrals, Gamma and Bessel functions. Also Fourier series, Graeffe’s general theory,
infinite series, dimensional analysis, and other special topics.
Open to students who have had Mathematics 12 and Physics 1.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Sco tt B. Lill y , Chairman.

20. Analytic Mechanics.

Half course.

Composition and resolution of forces; center of gravity; moments; acceleration; velocity;
collision of bodies; the integration of simple equations of motion. This course is a study of
the behavior of particles and solid bodies, when acted upon by forces, assuming that the solid
bodies do not change form under such action.
Open to students who have taken Mathematics 12 and Physics 1.

21. Strength of Materials.

Half , course.

This course treats of the internal stresses and changes of form which always occur when
forces act upon solid bodies. The mechanics involved in the design of simple engineering struc'
tures is presented, so that the student may realize the problems which must be solved in order
to secure the required strength and stiffness in such structures.
Open to students who have taken Engineering 20.

22. Fluid Mechanics.

Half course.

Properties of fluids; statics of fluids; flotation; accelerated liquids in relative equilibrium;
dynamics of fluids; impulse and momentum in fluids; dynamic lift and propulsion; the flow of
viscous fluids, flow of fluids in pipes; flow with a free surface; flow through orifices and tubes;
thfr resistance of immersed and floating* bodies; dynamics of compressible fluids; thermodynamics
of compressible viscous fluids; dynamic similarity.

23. Structural Theory and Design. Mr. Carpenter.

Full course.

Analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures; design of structural members and
connections; design of reinforced concrete. The work of the first semester is arranged to meet
the requirements of mechanical and electrical engineers.
Open to students who have taken Engineering 20 and 21.
Required of seniors majoring in civil engineering: Credit given for first semester to seniors
majoring in electrical or mechanical engineering.

60

24. Engineering Economy. Mr. Lilly.

Half course.

A study of the methods which the engineer uses when he investigates a proposed course of
action in order that he may decide whether it will prove to be economical in the long run.

Open to all students.

25. Civil Engineering Option. Mr. Lilly, Mr. Carpenter.

Full course.

This course is designed to give the student an opportunity to apply the fundamental princi'
pies of the mechanics of solid bodies or of the mechanics of fluids to some particular field. This
further training will include more fundamental theory. Especial emphasis will be placed on the
methods of attacking problems*in engineering rather than a minute application of the theory to'
practical problems. The subjects to be studied will be decided upon by the student and the
instructor. In 1940-41 the students spent approximately one'third of their time on each of
the following subjects: soil mechanics and foundations; water supply; sewerage systems and
sewage disposal. These subjects will be studied in series.

29. Thesis. Mr. Lilly, Mr. Carpenter.

Half course.

M AJOR IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The curriculum for the first three years for a student who plans to
major in civil engineering is given on page 58.
The courses which must be taken in the senior year are:
23.
25.
41.
24.

Structural Theory and Design
Civil Engineering Option
Heat Power Engineering
Engineering Economy

Since Heat Power Engineering and Engineering Economy are half
courses, one-quarter of the student’s time in the senior year is open, and
he may elect any course in the Division of Engineering, Division of the
Social Sciences, or Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
to complete his program. This elective must receive the approval of his
course adviser and must be related to his course as a whole.
The fundamental theory of the Four Course Plan, under which the
college is operating, is that the student shall confine his efforts to not
more than four subjects at the same time. Therefore the two courses,
Structural Theory and Design, No. 23, and Civil Engineering Option,
No. 25, are broad in scope. Course 23 includes a review of fundamental
mechanics and continues with the computation of stresses, and the
design of structures in steel, wood and concrete. Course 25 may include
highway engineering, soil mechanics and foundations, hydrology, water
supply, sewage disposal and sewerage systems. The subject matter is
varied in content and emphasis to meet the needs and interests of dif­
ferent groups. The subjects mentioned are taken up in series, making it
possible to avoid repetition and increase the efficiency of the teaching.
61

E L E C T R IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

A. E. V iv ell , Acting Chairman.
EEl. Electricity and Magnetism. Mr. Clothier.
Two lecture-recitation periods and one laboratory period per week.
Prerequisites: Physics II (PH2) and to be accompanied by Calculus I (M5).
The experimental bases of electricity and magnetism; elementary electrostatics and magneto'
statics; direct'current circuits—voltage, current power, energy'induced electromotive forces;
capacitance and inductance of parallel'plate condenser and toroid; elementary theory of alternat­
ing currents; elementary problems in ferromagnetism.

EE2. Electrical Engineering (A )—Elementary. Mr. Clothier.
Two lecture-recitation periods and one laboratory period per week.
Prerequisites: Physics II (PH2).
Electric and magnetic units; direct-current circuit theory; motors, elementary theory, con­
struction, characteristics, application, losses, and efficiency of generators and motors. Directcurrent starting and control equipment. Alternating-current wave forms, frequency, effective
values, vector representation, power and power factor, three-phase circuits, power factor cor­
rection, single-phase and polyphase connections and circuits. General principles of design and
performance of alternators, synchronous motors, induction motors, (squirrel-cage and wound
rotor), and transformers. Elementary principles and applications of control equipment for the
above alternating-current machinery. Elementary principles of light sources and illumination
design.

EE10. Electrical Engineering I—Direct-Current Apparatus and Circuits. Mr
Clothier.
Three lecture-recitation periods and one laboratory period per week. This course in a con­
densed form may be given as two lecture-recitation periods and one laboratory period per week.
Prerequisites: Physics II (PH2) and Calculus H (M6).
Direct-current circuit and magnetic circuit theory and calculations; principles of design and
construction of direct-current generators and motors; theory concentrating torque, flux, speed,
voltage and speed regulation, commutation, and armature reaction of shunt and compound
machines; parallel operation, and mechanical coupling of electrical machinery; theory and
practice of direct-current control equipment for generators and motors.

E E ll. Electrical Engineering II—Alternating-Current Apparatus and Circuits.
Mr. Vivell.
Three lecture-recitation periods and one laboratory period per week.
Prerequisite: Electrical Engineering I (EE10).
Relations of simple harmonic electromotive forces and current, phase differences; active, reac­
tive, and apparent power, power factor and reactive factor, resistance, inductance, and capaci­
tance; series, parallel, series-parallel, and resonant circuits; polyphased circuits, balanced and
unbalanced. The construction, characteristics, and operation of alternators, induction motors,
transformers, synchronous motors, synchronous converters, mercury-arc rectifiers and their regu'
lating and control devices. Brief review of lighting equipment and illumination design. Princi'
pies of the synchronous machine; the induction machine, the synchronous converter, and types
of single-phase motors.

EE16-17. Radio Engineering I and II. Mr. Garrahan.
One lecture-recitation period and one laboratory period per week, extending over two terms.
Prerequisites: To be accompanied by Electrical Engineering I and II (EE10, 11).
Fundamental components of radio systems; alternating currents; resonant circuits; coupled
circuits; oscillatory circuits; properties of vacuum tubes; vacuum-tube amplifiers; power ampli­
fiers; oscillators and radio-frequency power amplifiers, modulation, vacuum-tube detectors; receiv­
ing systems; antennae and wave propagation, aids to navigation.
62

16. Analysis of Physical Problems. Mr. Garrahan.
The origin, meaning, and method of solution of differential equations, especially those arising
from the behavior of physical systems; emphasis on linear differential equations with constant
coefficients. The origin and solution of physical problems involving hyperbolic functions, elliptic
integrals, Gamma and Bessel functions. Also Fourier series, Graeffe’s general theory, infinite
series, dimensional analysis, and other special topics.
Open to students who have had Mathematics 12 and Physics 1.

EE4. Alternating Current Circuit Theory. Mr. Vivell.
This course consists largely of the basic principles of alternating current circuit analysis,
studied in both the classroom and laboratory.
This course is required of all electrical engineering majors.
Prerequisite, EE10.

32. Electronics. Mr. Garrahan.
A study of the fundamentals of electronic control devices. Vacuum tubes; thyratrons; amplifiers; oscillators; modulators; detectors; photo-electric control devices. Two laboratory conference
periods per week in which fundamental principles are investigated.

33. Alternating Current Machinery. Mr. Vivell.
Study of all important types of alternating current power machinery such as transformers,
synchronous machines, induction motors and others. One laboratory period a week. Required
of all electrical engineering majors.

36. High Frequency Circuits. Mr. Garrahan.
An introductory study of complete communication systems. Transmission lines; electric wave
filters; equalizing networks; bridge networks; bilateral amplifiers, radiation; antennae. One
laboratory period per week in which fundamental principles are investigated.

39. Thesis. Electrical Engineering Department Staff.
M AJOR IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

The general plan is that from the subjects listed above, and by courses
offered elsewhere in the college, the student will work out a logically
integrated, cognate, intensive study of one or more phases of the theory
of electrical engineering.
It is expected that a student whose major is electrical engineering
will have taken EEl (Electricity and Magnetism) in the second semester
of his sophomore year. Other courses which must be taken to fulfill the
requirements for the Bachelor of Science with major in electrical engi­
neering include:
(1) General science subjects as listed under the general statement of
the Division of Engineering. These subjects are pursued in the first
three years in classes with the students in other branches of engineering,
and are considered the essential foundation for all persons studying
applied science.
(2) Subjects in the Divisions of the Humanities or Social Sciences.
At least three subjects not offered in the scientific division must be taken
over the period of the four college years. The choice is optional, the
only requirement being that the three courses should form a rational
whole.
63

(3) Major studies in electrical engineering. According to the time
available and the needs of the individual, Alternating Current Machin­
ery, 33, and two of the following will be taken in the senior year:
32. Electronics
36. High Frequency Circuits
39. Thesis

(4) Additional subjects in allied scientific departments. Advanced
calculus and differential equations or Engineering 16 are required for
electrical engineering majors; in addition all or part of the following
courses will be recommended for certain students:
41. Heat Power Engineering
24. Engineering Economy
' Electricity and Magnetism (Physics Honors 2)
Atomic Physics (Physics Honors 3)

M E C H A N IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

G eorge B. T h o m , Chairman

6. Kinematics.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Dl; required course for sophomore engineers.
A comprehensive study of the relative motions of links in a mechanism; the determination
of the velocities and accelerations of these members; the development of cams, gears and
transmission machinery from the standpoint of motion. Drawing room solutions, both graphical
and analytical, of problems of a practical nature.

7. Materials of Engineering.

Half course.

Prerequisite: One year of high school or college chemistry; required course for sophomore
engineers.
Study of the physical properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, alloys, wood, concrete
and plastics; analysis of the failure of materials and the crystalline structure of metals; brief
treatment of methods of manufacture. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory tests and
visits to local industries.

12. Industrial Engineering.

Full course.

Prerequisite: Junior standing.
Historical background of industry; development of industrial enterprises in the United States;
organization; plant layout and specification of production facilities; standardization, simplifica­
tion and diversification of product; time and motion study; methods of wage payment and wage
payment plans; personnel relations; budgeting and administrative control.

40. Thermodynamics. Mr. Thom, Mr. Repscha, Mr. Moore.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Mathematics 12 and Physics 1.
Energy concepts and units; fundamental principles involved in the conversions of energy;
properties of gases, vapors and mixtures; conservation of energy and thermal processes, steady
flow and non-flow; analysis of gas and vapor cycles; classroom work supplemented by laboratory
exercises.

41. Steam Power Plants. Mr. Thom, Mr. Repscha, Mr. Moore.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 40.
Application of the principles of thermodynamics to the design and analysis of steam engines,
turbines, pumps, fans, boilers, and other heat transfer apparatus; study of modem power plant
cycles. Classroom work supplemented by tests of power plant equipment.

64

42. Internal Combustion Engines. Mr. Moore.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 20, 21, and 40.
Application of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and mechanics to the design
of internal combustion engines and gas turbines; combustion of actual mixtures; analysis of
theoretical and actual cycles; carburetion and fuel injection; mixture, distribution; detonation;
ignition; supercharging. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises.

43. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning? Mr. Thom.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 40.
A comprehensive study of refrigerants, cycles and performance of refrigerating equipment;
principles of air'vapor mixtures; humidification, dehumidification, and distribution of air;
analysis of heating and cooling systems and apparatus. Principles of design and practical
procedure are introduced where applicable. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises.

44. Physical Metallurgy.

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 7 or Introduction to Physical Chemistry 3.
The crystalline structure of metals and alloys; binary alloy systems; the iron'carbon equilibrium
diagram. Heat treatment theory and practice. Study of the physical characteristics of the newer
structural alloys. Corrosion; fatigue; and creep. Techniques of microscopic examination and
photomicrography. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises.

45. Administrative Engineering. (Not offered 1944-45)

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 12.
The purpose of this course is to provide further training of a broad and practical nature for
those whose interests and capabilities point toward executive participation in the operation of
an industrial enterprise. Representative problems of equipment selection, plant layout, job
analysis, production control and personnel relationship are evaluated; however, no attempt is
made to provide specialized training in these fields. Although classroom work is supplemented
by inspection trips to nearby plants, students planning to take this course are strongly urged
to secure summer industrial employment for experience and background.

46. Mechanical Design. Mr. Moore.
%

Half course.

Prerequisite: Engineering 23 (first term) and 42.
Application of the principles of analytical mechanics and strength of materials to the design
of machines of a complex character. Emphasis is placed on dynamic loading, centrifugal effects,
vibration, balancing and lubrication.

49. Thesis. Mechanical Engineering Department Staff.

Half course.

M AJOR IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Students in this group, having completed the first three years as out­
lined under the Division of Engineering, are required to take in their
senior year:
23.
24.
41.
43.
43.

Structural Theory (one term)
Engineering Economy
Heat Power
Internal Combustion Engines
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

The above courses, all being half courses, leave three-eighths of the
senior student’s time for electives. He may choose these from any divi­
sion of the college, the only requirement being that the elective courses
should be rationally related to the student’s desired field of specializa­
tion. This is to be determined by consultation with his course adviser.
65

»ENGLISH
P rofessors: * »H arold C. G oddard, Chairman.
P h ilip M arshall H icks, Acting Chairman.
Everett L. H u n t .
»»»R obert E. Spiller .
A ssociate P rofessor : * »T ownsend Scudder, 3rd.
A ssistant P rofessors: Elizabeth Cox W right .
Luther S. M ansfield (visiting).
L ecturer : W . H. A uden .
I nstructors : * »K eith W. Chalmers .
F rederic S. K lees .
* »B eatrice B each M acleod.
H enry F rancis P ommer .

1 (E2). Introduction to English Studies.
Full Course, made up of two of the following:
Elizabethan Literature. Mr. Klees.
The Eighteenth Century. Mr. Pommer.
The Romantic Movement. Mrs. Wright.
Victorian Literature. Mr. Klees.
American Literature. Mr. Spiller.
Contemporary Literature. Mr. Hicks.
Great Books. Mr. Hunt.

Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half
Half

course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.

The study of significant literature of selected periods, with critical writing and speaking.
This course will meet the second half of the Navy V'12 requirement.

2. Chaucer. Mr. Klees.

Half course.

3. Shakespeare. Mrs. Wright.

Full course.

4. Milton and the Seventeenth Century. Mr. Hunt and Mr. Pommer.
Half course.
Poetry of the Old Testament, John Donne, M ilton.

5. English Poetry. Mr. Pommer.

Full course.

A study of a different period or aspect of English poetry each term.

6a. The Chronicle Novel. Mr. Hicks.

Half course.

6b. The Dramatic Novel. Mr. Hicks.

Half course.

* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.
*** Absent on leave, Spring Term.

66

7a. Comedy. Mr. Klees.

Half course.

7b. ’Tragedy. Mr. Klees.

Half course.

8. Social Criticism. Mr. Klees.

Half course.

9. Modern Literature. Mr. Goddard. (Omitted in 1944-45)

Full course.

A study of modem comparative literature.

10. World Literature. Mr. Goddard. (Omitted in 1944-45)

Half course.

11c. Changing Factors in American Life. Mr. Mansfield.

Full course.

12. Criticism. Mr. Auden.

Half course.

Greek Literature in English. (Greek 9.) Mr. Shero.

Half course.

Study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Greek literature, including the
Homeric epics, several of the dramas, Plato’s Republic. No knowledge of Greek is required.

Latin Literature in English. (Latin 9.) Miss Brewster.

Half course.

Study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Latin literature with emphasis upon
the lyric drama, satire, and philosophic writings, and their influence upon western thought and
literature.

Writing and Speaking. Students in need of special training in Com­
position or Speech will be required either to take tutorial work or to
complete one of the following half courses before admittance to the
junior class:
14 (El ). English Composition. Mr. Auden and Mr. Pommer.

Half course.

Training and practice in the fundamentals of communication in reading, writing and speaking.
This course will meet the first half of the Navy \M 2 requirement.

15. English for Engineers.

Half course.

16. English Composition for Pre-Medical Students.

Half course.

Student organizations and informal groups for practice in creative
writing, acting drama, extempore speaking, and debating meet with
members of the English faculty.
67

HONORS W ORK

Prerequisites. For admission to honors work with a major in English,
the requirements are at least one-half course in the Introduction to
English Studies; and either Chaucer, Shakespeare, or Milton and the
Seventeenth Century. Students are advised to take also The History of
Europe or The History of England.
For admission with a minor in English, the requirement is one year
in English, including at least one-half course in the Introduction to
English Studies.
Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
GROUP i

Chaucer. Mr. Scudder and Mr. Klees.
A study of Chaucer’s poetry and age.

Shakespeare. Mr. Hicks and Mrs. Wright.
A study of Shakespeare’s principal plays, with a rapid reading of the rest of his wort.

Milton and the Seventeenth Century. Mr. Hunt.
Donne, Milton, and the poetry of the Bible.

GROUP II

Poetry. Mrs. Wright.
Victorian poetry.

Drama. Mr. Hicks and Mr. Klees.
Representative plays from different periods; the comic and tragic spirits.

Novel. Mrs. Wright.
The novel as a literary form; Fielding, Meredith, Hardy, and Conrad; selected contemporary
novelists.

Literary Criticism. Mr. Hunt.
English literary criticism from Sidney to Pater, with some study of classical backgrounds and
contemporary developments.

GROUP HI

Modern Literature. Mr. Mansfield.
Masterpieces of English and European writers of the past 75 years, with emphasis on the
Russians.

American Literature. Mr. Spiller.
The American mind as expressed in the writings of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville,
and Whitman.
68

Social Criticism. Mr. Mansfield.
Social theory in Modem American literature.

Problems of Literary Study. Mr. Spiller.
The methods of literary research and criticism as applied to the study of a single problem,
usually the work of a major author, resulting in a thesis.

Linguistic Science. Mr. Reuning.
Admitted as a seminar in English for majors who concentrate on English or American lan­
guage problems; may also be considered as a minor for students majoring in English.

Thesis
Students who wish to write theses not properly within the scope of the seminar on Problems
of Literary Study may apply to the Chairman of the Department for permission to substitute
such projects for the fourth seminar of major work.

Candidates for honors with a major in English must take at least
one seminar from the first group and at least one from the second.
Shakespeare shall be chosen from the first group if not previously
elected in course. Four seminars are required for a major in English.
Candidates for honors with a minor in English may enroll in any
two or three of the above seminars upon the recommendation of their
major department.
W O R K I N C O U R SE S

Major: 'Die work of the major in general courses normally consists
of at least four full courses, including Introduction to English Studies
in the first year, either Chaucer, Shakespeare, or Milton in the second
year, and during the last two years a second one of these three courses
(which shall be Shakespeare, if not previously elected), and a course
in one of the types. The comprehensive examination at the close of the
senior year is based on this work, but also includes questions on the
other courses offered by the department for those prepared in these
fields.
Minor: The work of the minor in general courses normally consists
of three full courses elected upon the recommendation of the major
department, including at least one-half course in Introduction to English
Studies.
D E P A R T M E N T A L L A N G U A G E R E Q U IR E M E N T S

The foreign language requirement may be fulfilled by a reading
knowledge of one or more of the following: French, German, Latin
or Greek. Students planning to continue English studies in graduate
school are advised to acquire a reading knowledge of Latin, French,
and German.
69

♦FINE ARTS
Assistant P rofessors: **R obert M. W alter .
H elm ut von E rffa , Acting Chairman.
P art-T ime I nstructor : Eth el Stilz .

1. Introduction to Art History. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

A consideration of certain basic principles of design and expression in architecture, sculp*
ture, and painting. An introduction to fundamental problems of art history and criticism.
Analysis of selected examples from Egyptian, Greek, Roman, French Romanesque and Gothic
civilisations.
Credit is given for Fine Arts 1, if taken without the sequence course, Fine Arts 2.

2. Introduction to Art History. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

Further investigation of fundamental problems of expression by studying certain points of
view as found in Renaissance and Modem European and American architecture, sculpture,
and painting.
Prerequisite is Fine Arts 1. Fine Arts 1 and 2 are prerequisite for all other courses
offered by the Department.

3. Art of the Renaissance. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

A study of the points of view of the XV and XVI centuries in Italy as expressed in archi*
tecture, sculpture, and painting. Emphasis is placed on the work of the great Italian masters,
such as Donatello, Leonardo, and Michelangelo.

4. Origins of Modern Painting. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

Certain major movements and directions in European painting of the XIX and XX cen*
turies, with special consideration for stylistic developments in France and their significance
for American art.

5. Art of the Middle Ages. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

Study of a civilization through its expression in architecture, sculpture, painting, and minor
arts. The art of the cathedral: its origins and development.

6. Theory of Design. Miss Stilz.

Half course.

The principles of design and of color and their application to the planning and furnishing
of the interior of the house.

7. Renaissance Painting of Northern Europe. Mr. von Erffa.

Half course.

A study of the artistic trends in the painting' of the XV, XVI, and XVII centuries and
their cultural backgrounds with special emphasis on" the significance of the great masters: Van
Eyck, Duerer, Holbein, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasquez and El Greco.

15. Classical Art and Archaeology. Miss Brewster, Mr. Shero. (Department
of Classics.)
Half course.
A study of the methods of archaeological investigation, with a survey of the development
of-Greek and Roman architecture, town-planning, sculpture, painting, ceramics, and numismatics.
Special attention is given to the early Greek period.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
• • Absent on leave.
70

HONORS W ORK

Prerequisites. Introduction to Art History: General Courses 1 and’ 2.
Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
1. Italian Painting: Fourteenth through Seventeenth Century. Mr. von Erffa.
Analysis of the work of a selected group of outstanding masters as a means of studying more
intensively certain fundamental problems of art history and criticism.

2. Origins of Modern Painting. Mr. von Erffa.
Investigation of certain major movements and trends in European painting of the XIX and
XX centuries w ith special emphasis on stylistic developments in France and their significance
for American painting.

3. Master Print Makers. Mr. von Erffa.
Consideration of certain problems in the history of the book and print. A study of the
significance of Duerer, Rembrandt, Goya, and Daumier for the development of expression in
the graphic media of woodcut, engraving, etching, lithograph. Special attention is given to the
examination of originals.

4. Renaissance Painting of Northern Europe. Mr. von Erffa.
A study of the paintings of the great masters of the XVI, XVII, and XVIII centuries in Europe
outside of Italy: Duerer, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasques, W atteau and Reynolds. The Graphic
work of Duerer and Rembrandt will also be considered.

M A J O R I N F I N E A R TS

By special arrangement qualified students may major in Fine Arts.
A program is laid out with the cooperation of one of the neighboring
institutions offering courses for which credit is given by the College.
Though this work is usually carried out while the student is in residence
at Swarthmore, a year’s residence at another institution may be allowed.

71

*GERMAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
P rofessor : W alter Silz , Chairman.
Assistant P rofessors: **Lydia Baer .
K arl R euning .
I nstructor : P riscilla K. Silz .

1. Elementary German. All members of the Department.

Full course.

Training in grammar, composition, and reading, with some practice in speaking. Hagboldt
& Kaufmann, D eutsch fü r A nfänger.

2. German Prose and Poetry, Grammar and Composition. Miss Baer, Mr.
Reuning, and Mrs. Silz.
Full course.
Reading of short stories and novels, plays and poems. Review of grammar, practice in
written and oral German.
Prerequisite, Course 1 or equivalent.

2s. Second Year German for Science Students. Miss Baer and Mr. Reuning.
Full course.
Reading of a limited number of novels, plays and lyrics throughout the year. First semester:
Reading of edited science selections. Second semester: Special readings selected according to
the scientific interests of the students. Review of grammar with emphasis on development of
reading ability.
Prerequisite, Course 1 or equivalent.

3. Introductory Studies in German Literature. Mr. Silz.

Full course.

A study of representative German authors from the classical period to the present; reading
and discussion of dramas, stories, and lyric poems. Writing of critical reports.
Prerequisite, Course 2 or equivalent.

3 (special). Writing and Speaking German. Mr. Silz and Mr. Reuning.
Half course.
Composition and conversation. Introduction to
grounds of modem Germany.
Prerequisite, Course 2 or equivalent.

V o l\s \u n d e :

the social and cultural back'

4. Great Periods in German Literature.
5. The Romantic Movement in Germany.
6. German Literature in the Second Half of the 19th Century.
7. Goethe’s Life and Works. Mr. Silz.
8. Schiller and His Age. Mr. Silz.
9. Eighteenth Century German Literature and Thought.
10. German Literature in the 20th Century. Miss Baer.
11. German Authors in English Translations.
12. Writing and Speaking German. (Advanced course.)

Full
Half
Half
Full
Half
Half
Half
Full
Half

course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.
course.

Intensive practice in writing and speaking German. The subject matter is taken from German
literature and Kulturgeschichte.

By special arrangement, qualified students who begin German in
college are enabled to choose German as a major or minor in course in
their junior and senior years.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses w ill be offered every term.
* • Absent on leave. W inter Term.
72

HONORS W ORK

German may be offered as a major or minor subject in the Division
of the Humanities. For admission to honors work in German, Course 3
or its equivalent is required. By doing special reading, competent stu­
dents who begin German in college may take Course 3 in their sopho­
more year. No other preparation is required, but allied work in other
departments of the Humanities is arranged, according to the needs and
interests of the student.
The following seminars are offered to prepare for examinations for
a degree with Honors: (those actually given in any year vary according
to the choices of the students and the convenience of the department).
1. Middle High German Literature and Philology. Mr. Reuning.
Introduction into Indo-European and Germanic philology and phonetica. Outline of develop­
ment of the German language. Middle High German grammar. Brief survey of Old and Middle
High German literature. Reading of MHG texts in the original, especially Nibelungenlied,
Wolfram's Parzivttl, and Walther von der Vogelweide.

2. The Age of Luther. Mr. Reuning.
Study of literary, historical, sociological and religious problems of the sixteenth century.
Reading of outstanding authors of the period, such . as Luther, Hans Sachs, Brant, Hutten,
Fischart. A course or a seminar in History of the Reformation is recommended as preparation
for this seminar.

3. Baroque Literature. Miss Baer.
A study of German literature in the seventeenth century: the reforms of Opits, the poetry
of Weckherlin, Fleming, and the Volkslied, the mysticism of Angelus Silesius and Jaltob
Bohme, the influence of the English Players on the German theatre, and the plays of Gryphius
and the second Silesian School.

4. Goethe. Mr. Silz.
A study of the chief phases of Goethe’s life and work in the classical age of German
literature.

5. The Romantic Movement. Mr. Silz.
Romanticism as the dominant movement in German literature of the first half of the nine­
teenth century.

6. Poetic Realism. Mr. Silz.
Study of the works of Grillparaer, Hebbel, Ludwig, Keller, Meyer, and Storm, and other
writers of the drama, novel, and "Novellc” In the second half of the nineteenth century.

7. German Literature Since 1900. Miss Baer.
Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Hugo von Hofmannsthal.

8. Linguistic Science (in cooperation with other departments in the Division
of the Humanities). Mr. Reuning.
The most important problems of Linguistics, e.g., sound change, changes in accidence and
syntax, semantic changes, geographical distribution and relation of languages. Indo-European,
English and American language problems. Relationship between linguistics and psychology.
Some knowledge of German, French, Latin, or Greek is desirable, reading knowledge of at
least one foreign language required. Students who know non-Indo-European languages are
especially welcome. The seminar is conducted in English. (See also schedules of Honors Seminars
in English and Psychology.)
T H E S IS

Students who wish to write a thesis may apply to the Department for per­
mission to substitute such a project for the fourth seminar of major work.

73

♦HISTORY
P rofessor : F rederick J. M a n n in g .
V isitin g P rofessor : R oger H . So lta u .
A ssociate P rofessor : M ary A lbertson , Chairman.
A ctin g A ssociate P ro fesso r : C a r lto n C. Q u aley .
P art -T im e I n st r u c t o r : ** F rederick B. T olles .

1. The History of Europe. All member's of the department.

-

Full course.

An introductory course, prerequisite to all other work in history, except courses HI, H2,
and N3.

H I. The Historical Background of the Present World War. Mr. Manning and
Mr. Qualey.
The history of the United States, with the European background. A course in the V-12
naval program.

H2. The Historical Background of the Present World War. Mr. Manning and
Mr. Qualey.
A continuation of HI.

2. The History of England. Miss Albertson.

Half course.

A survey of the history of the English people. Advised for students planning to do honors
work in history. To be taken after course I.

3. The History of the United States to 1865. Mr. Manning.

Half course.

The political, economic, and social history of the American people from the seventeenth
century through the Civil War. This course or course 4 is required of students taking an
honors seminar in American history. To be taken after course I.

N3. Naval History and Elementary Strategy. Mr. Manning and Mr. Qualey.
A course in the V'12 naval program.

4. The History of the United States since 1865. Mr. Qualey.

Half course.

The political, economic, and social history of the American people from the Civil War to
the present. To be taken after course I.

5. The Mediterranean World: Greece and the East (Classics 10). Mr. Shero
(Department of Classics).
Half course.
A study of Greek civilization in its most significant aspects to the time of the Hellenistic
kingdoms, preceded by a brief survey of the Oriental civilizations by which the Greeks were
influenced. Special attention given to the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. ■

6. The Mediterranean World: Rome (Classics. 11). Miss Brewster (Depart­
ment of Classics).
Half course.
- Survey of the history of Rome from the earliest times to the accession of Marcus Aurelius,
with emphasis upon the Republic and the Augustan principate. The course stresses the Roman
genius for organization and administration.

7. The History of France. Miss Albertsonand Mr. Soltau.
The history of France from Roman times to thepresent
unless with special permission of the instructor.

Half course.

day.To he taken after

course I

8. The History of Modern Europe. All members of the department.
Half course.
The history of Europe from 1815 to the present day. To be taken after course I.

9. The History of Quakerism. Mr. Tolles.

lia lf course.

The history of the Society of Friends to the present day. Attention is given to the mystical
and sectarian backgrounds and to movements like puritanism, quietism, evangelicalism, and
rationalism which have influenced the Society of Friends. The characteristic religious and social
ideas of the Quakers are considered in their historical setting. A large part of the reading is
done in the original sources.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.
•

74

10. The History of the Labor Movement. Mr. Manning.

Half course.

The social backgrounds and the economic, political, and legal problems of English and
American labor, with emphasis-on the importance of English precedent for the, American story.
For juniors and seniors.

11. Special Topics. All members of the department.

Half course.

For seniors with the major in history.
HONORS W ORK

The survey course in European history, the only course open to fresh­
men (except by special permission from the department), is prerequisite
to any other courses or seminars in history. Students 'who expect to
major in history, either in honors seminars or in regular courses, should
elect European history in the freshman year, American and English
history in the sophomore year. Students who expect to include history
as a minor subject in honors work should elect European history in the
freshman year, and either American or English history in the sophomore
year if possible. Course 2, the History of England, is required for
admission to the honors seminar on Modern England, and Courses 3
or 4, the History of the United States, is required for admission to
honors seminars in American history, unless special permission is
obtained in advance.
The following seminars are offered by the department each year to
prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors. Although an
endeavor will be made to offer in any term any seminar desired by a
sufficient number of students, this will occasionally prove impossible and
the department cannot guarantee in advance the terms in which some
seminars will be given.
E U R O P E A N H IST O R Y

1. The Renaissance and Reformation. Miss Albertson.
Topics in European history chiefly in the fifteenth and sixteenth cenuries.

2. Modern Europe. Mr. Soltau.
The period from 1848 to the present day.
ENGLISH HISTORY

3. Mediaeval England. Miss Albertson.
The period from 1066 to 1487.

4. Tudor and Stuart England. Miss Albertson.
The period from 1485 to 1688.

5. Modern England. Miss Albertson and Mr. Manning.
The period from 1688 to the present time, with the main stress on the 19th century.
75

A M E R IC A N H IST O R Y

6. Problems in American History. Mr. Manning and Mr. Qualey.
Considerable attention is given to bibliography and the critical use of source materials important for any work in the social sciences or literary criticism in the American field.
A N C IE N T H IST O R Y

Honors seminars in Greek and Roman history, conducted by the
department of classics, are open to students who major in history. Re­
quirements for a major in ancient history are two seminars in the
ancient field and two seminars in mediaeval or modern history. See the
statement of the department of classics.
H IS T O R Y T H E S IS

For students with the major subject in history. The topic should be
selected and approved by the end of the junior year. The thesis should
be based upon original source materials.
W O R K I N C O U R SE S

Requirements for students who elect major or minor work in history
do not turn on any particular total of courses, but rather upon the
completion of such courses in history, together with related courses
in the social sciences or the humanities as, in the opinion of the depart­
ment, will facilitate a well-rounded preparation for their compre­
hensive examinations. A reading knowledge of French and some
acquaintance with the principles of economic and political theory are
essential for an intelligent appreciation of history. Most graduate
schools require a reading knowledge of French, German, and Latin for
any advanced degree in history.
The comprehensive examinations for major students at the end of
the senior year are not based on particular courses taken at Swarthrpore.
They include questions on ( l ) European history; (2) English history;
(3) American history; (4) Ancient history. Major students are ex­
pected to answer general questions in each of these fields, the standard
being based on the work pf any survey course offered in the College
or independent reading in books recommended by the department. In
at least two of the fields students should be able to answer more specific
questions, based either on special courses taken in the College or on
special reading undertaken with the department’s approval. Course 11,
Special Topics, is designed to help major students in their final prepara­
tion for these examinations. All major students should elect this course.
76

MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY
P rofessors: Arnold D resden, Chairman.
Ross W . M arriott.
P eter van de Kam p , Director of Sproni Observatory.
Associate P rofessors: H einrich Brink m an n .
J o h n H . P itm an .
A cting Assistant P rofessor : Richard B. Brandt.
I nstructor : J ean W alton .
L ecturers: H ans F ried.
F ranklin G. W illiams .
R esearch Associate :**K. Aa . Strand .
Assistants: R oy W. D elaplaine (part-tim e).
Sarah L. Lippincott .
m a t h e m a t ic s

<=**1 2 (M l or 3, M2 or 4 ). First Year Mathematics. Mr. Brandt, Mr. Brink­
mann Mr. Fried, Mr. Marriott, Miss Walton and Mr. Williams.
' ’
Full course.
These courses, given in consecutive semesters, and together constituting a full course, are
designed to deal with the material previously covered by the a=Para“ “ urs“
and to
Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry (Courses 1, 3 and 4 of the 1933 catalogue), and
introduce some of the concepts of the Differential Calculus. Topics belonging to each of these
subjects are introduced in natural sequence so as to form a more closely knit whole.
Classes normally meet five times a week.
Rider, College, Algebra; Curtiss and Moulton. Plane and Spherical T rigonom etry; Osgood
and Graustein, Plane and Solid A n a lytic G eom etry.

3.

Invitation to Mathematics. Mr. Dresden.
.
Half course. (Omitted in 1944-1945.)

This course is intended for students who have a non-technical interest in mathematics. It
does not take the place of the usual college courses, but aims to be “
the important concepts of modem mathematics, to emphasise the fundamental ‘“ a5 “
science rather than its technical processes, to provide a background for the study c t tu
cal aspects, and to furnish a basis for an appreciation of its wider significance. Dresden.
Invitation to M athem atics.

The class normally meets three times a week; occasionally a fourth hour will be used.
Prerequisite, a good high school course in mathematics.

5.

Mathematics of Investment and Insurance. Mr. Dresden.
Half course. (Omitted in 1944-1945.)

The theory of compound interest; annuities; sinking funds; interest rate,¡ theory of proba­
bility- mortality tables. Completion of this course. Courses Nos. 12 and 14, and an mtro
duction to th e Theory of Finite Differences should enable the student to proceed with the
examinations for admission to the Actuarial Society of America.
Prerequisite, a good high school course in algebra.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
*** Absent on leave.
,
order to
Qouj-ses 1 2,
it 11,
xx 12
x xt and
nnu Astronomy
. .—r.....— j 6B have
—.—.—
. been
—- modified to some extent “J.
make them fit into’ thé Basic Curriculum of the V-12 Naval Training Course, While the
accelerated program is in force, each of these 4 courses is offered each semester.
77

***11, 12, (M5, 6, 7). Differential and Integral Calculus. Mr. Brinkmann.
Mr. Dresden, Mr. Fried, Mr. Marriott and Miss Walton.
These courses carry forward the work begun in courses 1, 2 and are intended to give the
student a sufficient introduction to mathematics to serve as a basis for more advanced work
in analysis and its applications. Classes normally meet five times a week; Sherwood and Taylor,
T h e Calculus.

Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2.

13. Integral Calculus. Mr. Marriott.

Half couise.

This is a half'course designed especially for a group of Navy students. It is to meet three
times a week, alternating with a half'course in Analytic Mechanics.

14. Theory of Equations. Mr. Dresden.

Half course.

Operations on complex numbers. Solutions of cubic and quartic equations. General properties
of polynomials. Separation and calculation of roots of numerical equations. Weisner, T heory of
Equations.

Together with Course 15 (below), this course supplies a year’s work for students who pursue
mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, usually to be taken in the junior year.
Classes normally meet three times a week.
Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12.

15. Solid Analytical Geometry. Mr. Dresden.

Half course.

Metric theory of planes, lines and quadric surfaces in Euclidean three'dimensional space,
emphasis on the use of , determinants and matrices. Dresden, Solid A n a lytica l G eom etry and
D eterm inants.

Together with Course 14 (above), this course supplies a year’s work for students who pursue
mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, usually to be taken in the junior year.
Classes normally meet three times a week.
Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12, 14.

16. Advanced Calculus. Mr. Brinkmann.

Half course.

Total and partial derivatives; theory of infinitesimals; definite integrals; approximations. The
aim of the course is threefold: to ground the student in the elementary work which has
preceded it; to give an introduction to more advanced topics; and to develop skill in the
application of the principles of the Calculus to Geometry and Mechanics.
Together with Course 17 (below) this course makes possible a year’s work for students
who pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, to be taken in the junior or
senior year. Classes normally meet three times a week.
Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12.

17. Differential Equations. Mr. Brinkmann.

Half course.

A study of ordinary and partial differential equations, with their applications to geometrical,
physical, and mechanical problems.
Together with Course 16 (above) this course makes possible a year’s work for students who
pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, to be taken in the junior or senior
year. Classes normally meet three times a week.
Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12, 16.

18. Statistics and Probability. Mr. Dresden.

Half course.

The purpose of this course is to give the mathematical background necessary for an under­
standing of the mathematical analysis of statistical data. The modern developments of statistical
theory provide a very valuable application of the concepts and techniques acquired in courses
in advanced calculus. M athem atical A nalysis, by S. S. Wilks, is used as a textbook.
Prerequisite, Course 16.

31. Undergraduate Reading Course in Mathematics.
Half course or full course.
This course is to provide an opportunity for students to do special work in fields not covered
by the undergraduate courses, listed above. The work consists in the preparation of papers
requiring extensive and detailed examination of the literature of a problem.*
*** Courses 1, 2, 11, 12 and Astronomy 6 have been modified to some extent in order to
make them fit into the Basic Curriculum of the V-12 Naval Training Course; While the
accelerated program is in force, each of fhese 5 courses is offered each semester.
78

Courses of graduate character are offered from time to time, in
accordance with the needs of graduate and advanced undergraduate
students. Normally advanced undergraduate students will do such work
in Honors seminars (see below). The subjects of these courses are
Projective Geometry, Theory of numbers, Theory of functions of a
real variable, Theory of functions of a complex variable.
^ASTRONOMY

1, 2. Descriptive Astronomy. Mr. van de Kamp.

Pull course.

These courses, respectively, provide an introduction to the methods and results of Astronomy.
The college entrance requirements are the only prerequisites. Fundamental^ notions of physics
and mathematics are studied, as they are needed to provide an adequate scientific basis tor the
course. These courses are prerequisite for all further wort in astronomy.
Three class periods each week, practical work to be arranged.

3. Practical Astronomy. Mr. Pitman.

Half course.

Theory and use of the transit instruments; determination of time; the latitude of Swarthmore;
of longitude. Intended for students of Astronomy and Engineering and those
desiring to take the civil service examinations for positions in the United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey.
Classes normally meet three times each week.
Prerequisites, Mathematics 1, 2 and Astronomy 1, 2. .

4. Laboratory Astronomy. Mr. Pitman.

Half course.

Theory and practice of micrometric measures of double stars, comets and asteroids. Visual
and photographic photometry. Photography of selected objects. Since much of this work is
dependent upon the weather, the class will adjust its program to conditions. Normally two
class sessions and one laboratory period per week.
Prerequisites, Mathematics 1, 2 and Astronomy 1, 2.

6 [M8]. Navigation, Mr. Pitman.

Half course.

Spherical trigonometry and use of logarithms; maps and charts; instruments for determining
direction and measuring distance and their corrections; the sailings; piloting; constellations and
the identification of celestial bodies.

7 [M9]. Navigation. Mr. Pitman.

Half course.

Time, latitude and longitude. Solutions of observations for lines of positions; the Nautical
Almanac and Air Almanac; use of special tables and Star Altitude Curves; problems in interception.
Three class periods each week..
Prerequisite, Mathematics 1 and 2, Astronomy 6.

31. Undergraduate Reading Course in Astronomy.

Half course or full course.

Undergraduate students may, under direction, prepare papers upon subjects requiring a rather
extensive examination of the .literature of a problem.

Courses 32 and 51 to 55 are half courses, offered from time to time
to meet the needs of graduate students and of advanced undergraduates.
32.
51.
54.
55.

Spherical Astronomy. Mr. van de Kamp.
Orbit Computation. Mr. Pitman.
Statistical Astronomy. Mr. van de Kamp.
Celestial Mechanics. Mr. Strand.

• Under the accelerated program, not all couraea will be offered every term.

79

H O N O R S W O R K I N M A T H E M A T IC S

The following seminars prepare for examinations leading to a degree
with Honors:
1. Advanced Calculus.
The differential calculus for functions of several variables and its geometric applications, double
and triple integrals, improper integrals, line and surface integrals, the elements of vector
analysis.
..

2. Differential Equations.
Ordinary differential equations of the first order, linear differential equations, with partial'
lar attention to special cases of the equation of second order; some aspects of the theory of
partial differential equations, of Fourier series, of the calculus of variations and of functions
of a complex variable.
For senior Honors students two or more of the following seminars are -offered each year,
according to the needs and interests of the students.

3. Theory of Equations.
The topics covered are the following: Properties of polynominals, solution of cubic and
quartic equations, numerical solution of equations, Sturm’s theorem and related theorems,
symmetric functions, resultants, application to geometrical problems.

4. Solid Analytic Geometry.
The analytic geometry of 3'dimensional space is studied, along with the algebraic tools that
are necessary for that purpose. The subjects taken up are: Determinants, matrices, systems of
linear equations, lines and planes, transformation of coordinates, quadric surfaces, classification
of the general equation of the second degree, special properties of quadric surfaces, such as
rulings and circular sections, system of quadric surfaces.

5. Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable.
A fairly detailed study of the linear fractional transformation in the complex plane. Derivatives
and integrals of analytic functions. Expansion in series. Contour integrals.

6. Foundations of Mathematics.
Postulational treatment of mathematics. The problem of consistency. Relation of logic and
mathematics. Some of the systematic treatments of the foundation of logic. Modem develop'
ments.

7. Advanced Geometry.
An introduction to differential geometry, projective geometry, and more'dimensional geome'
try« Use of elementary matrix calculus; group theoretical concepts.

8. Statistics and Probability.
A study is to be made of elementary mathematical theories which are finding application in
statistics. Applications are to be made to various fields in the social and in the natural sciences.

9« Theory of Numbers.
Among the subjects treated in this seminar are: Elementary properties of integers, the
congruence relation, continued fractions, quadratic residues, simple examples of fields of
algebraic numbers.

10. Analytic Mechanics.
The main subject matter of this seminar is the study of the motion of particles and rigid
bodies when acted upon by forces. The equilibrium of such forces will be studied briefly. Many
examples will be worked to illustrate the fundamental principles.

11. Advanced Calculus and Differential Equations.
This seminar combines in one term part» of the work described under seminars 1 and 2. It is
designed to meet the needs pf Honors students, majoring in other departments, whose program
does ndt leave tínfé for the mdfe é*é¿n¡cfed arid Wdre StóTadfóry prépttriffldn prtfvfcféd by
seminars 1 and i .

80

H O N O R S SE M IN A R S I N A S T R O N O M Y

Seminars on the following topics will be arranged for those desiring
to take one or more papers in Astronomy;
1. Spherical Astronomy: A mathematical discussion of the reduction of visual
and photographic observations of position; solution of visual and spectroscopic
binary orbits.
Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12.

2. -Statistical Astronomy: Fundamental data. Stellar motions and parallaxes.
Distribution of objects in space. The galactic system.
Prerequisites, Mathematics 11, 12.

3. Theory of Orbits and Computation of Orbit of an Asteriod or Comet.
Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12.

4. Celestial Mechanics.
Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12.

5. Photographic Astrometry.
Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12.

R E Q U IR E M E N T S F O R M A J O R A N D M IN O R I N C O U R SE

For students who intend to major in mathematics in course the
normal sequence of courses is the following: freshman year, courses
1, 2; sophomore year, courses 11, 12; junior year, courses 14, 15;
senior year, courses 16, 17. Those who intend to pursue astronomy as
a major subject in course should have in addition courses 1, 2 in that
subject during the freshman or sophomore year; advanced courses
selected from the list given above combined with work in mathematics
constitute the further requirement.
For students who select mathematics or astronomy as their minor,
the minimum of three courses should be selected from the following:
Mathematics 1, 2; 11, 12; 14, 15; 16, 17; Astronomy 1, 2, 3. Com­
pletion of course 12 is the minimum requirement.
Prerequisites for admission to honors seminars in mathematics either

81

as a major or as a minor are the completion of courses 1, 2; 11, 12; the
completion of the course in General Physics; a thorough reading knowl­
edge of French or German. For honors work in Astronomy, completion
of courses 1, 2 in that subject is necessary in addition to the requirements
indicated above.

LIB R A R IES A N D O B SER V A TO R Y

The astronomical part of the departmental library is located on
the first floor of the Observatory; the mathematical section on the fifth
floor of Parrish Hall. The library contains complete sets of nearly all the
American mathematical and astronomical periodicals, and sets (some of
which are complete, some of which are not) of the leading English,
German and French periodicals. This library receives the publications
of many of the leading observatories in exchange for the publications
of the Sproul Observatory.
The principal instrument of the Sproul Observatory is the twentyfour-inch visual refractor of thirty-six-foot focal length, used almost
exclusively for photography. The instrument has been in continuous
operation since 1912 and provides a valuable and steadily expanding
collection of photographs. A number of measuring and calculating
machines are available for the measurement and reduction of the photo­
graphs. The principal program of the Observatory is an accurate study
of the distances, motions and masses of the nearer stellar systems.
Results of departmental studies are published in the Sproul Observa­
tory publications and in various scientific journals.
Advanced study in conjunction with the research program of the
Observatory may be arranged in consultation with the directory of the
Sproul Observatory.
The Students’ Astronomical Observatory contains a six-inch visual
refractor, a nine-inch photographic telescope, and a transit instrument.
The Sproul Observatory is open to visitors on the second and fourth
Tuesday nights of each month, except those Tuesday nights that fall in
a vacation period. Visitors thus have an opportunity of seeing, in the
course of a year, many celestial objects of various types.
82

MUSIC
A ssociate P rofessor : A lfred J. Sw a n , Chairman.

la, b, c. Introduction to Music History and Appreciation. Mr. Swan. Half course.
Intended for those students who have a general interest in music without as yet possessing
the necessary criteria in approaching it, listening to it intelligently and appraising it. Devoted
to the study of the basic forms of musical art, an analysis of the modem orchestra, and the
acquisition of a historical perspective. No prerequisites.

2a, b, c. Musical Craftsmanship. Mr. Swan.

Half course.

A beginners’ course for those who want to be initiated into musical composition. After
disposing of the rudiments of music (notation, clefs, intervals, etc.)* the student is taught the
principles of melodic construction, and of writing in two parts melodically. Practice in the
simpler contrapuntal, harmonic and rhythmic devices. Scoring for various instruments. No
prerequisites.
Students who succeed in mastering the foundations of musical craftsmanship may go on with
their studies in composition through one or two semesters following the above.

3. The Main Periods of Music History from the Renaissance to the 19th Century
Mr. Swan.
Pull course.
Three class hours and one laboratory period.
A study of the succession of styles in music (e.g., the Palestrina style, thè Baroque, the
Classical style of the Viennese masters, etc.). Analysis of motets, madrigals, concerti, sonatas,
and symphonies.
Prerequisite, Music la,b,c, or some previous acquaintance with music.

4. Music since Beethoven. Mr. Swan.

Pull course.

Three class hours and one laboratory period.
Given alternately with preceding course and devoted to a complete study of the nineteenth
century, the Romantic symphony, chamber music, piano music, the opera from Rossini to Verdi,
Wagner and the Russians, the art song from Schubert to Wolf.
Prerequisite, Music 2a,b,c, or some previous acquaintance with music.

Music 3 and Music 4 are offered preferably in the form of a «¡sminar
on one afternoon weekly, the additional laboratory period being a part
of the weekly assignment.
Honors Seminars. Mr. Swan.
1. Russian Music.
Intended for students who have, through modem Russian music, acquired an interest In
Russian culture and history as a whole. The Russian music discussed in this seminar mounts
up to the days of St. Vladimir (ca. 1000 A.D.), and includes a study of the mediaeval
(wamenny) chant and the Russian folk songs.
Prerequisite, Music la,b,c, or Music 4 in course.

2. Beethoven.
Offered alternately with preceding, as an attempt to lead the student as far as possible along
the path of musical form, structure, and analysis. Beethoven’s works are studied as a culminating
point in the classical scheme and its furthermost expansion (later 19th century experiments
with classical forms are also included).
Prerequisite, Music 2a,b,c, and Music 3 in course.

3. Modern Music.
A course explaining the various currents of the twentieth century, from Debussy’s "Pelleas"
to Stravinsky’s "Sacre," the chaos after the First World War, and the signs of a return to
time-honored precepts during the years preceding the Second World War.
Prerequisite, Music 2a,b,c, or Music 4 in course.

83

♦PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
P ro fesso r : Brand B lanshard , Chairman.
A ssociate P ro fesso r : J o h n M . M o o r e .
A ssistant P rofessors : R ichard B. B ra nd t .
♦♦F rancis G. H ealey.
M aurice M andelbaum

1. Logic. Mr. Blanshard.

Half course.

A study of the forms of reasoning, inductive and deductive. Special attention is given to
the application of logical rules in the analysis of arguments and the detection of fallacies.

2. Introduction to Philosophy. All instructors.

Half course.

A survey of the principal problems of philosophy and the alternative answers to them.
Stress is laid on the writing of philosophical essays.

4. Ethics. All instructors..

Half course.

An introduction to ethical theory, with.a brief consideration of the various types of ethics
and of the application of ethical principles in practice.

5. The Philosophy of Science. Mr. Brandt.

Half course.

A critical study of the nature of modern science and of some of its leading problems, of
the philosophical significance of some recent theories in the physical and mathematical sciences
(such as the relativity and quantum theories), of metaphysical problems involved in funda**
mental concepts like space, material substance, causation, and emergent evolution.

6a. Greek Philosophy. Mrs. Blanshard.

Half course.

The pre'Socratics, Plato, Aristotle, Stoics and Epicureans, Neoplatonists and Sceptics, early
Christianity. Readings in the sources.

6b. History of Modern Philosophy. Mr. Mandelbaum and Mr. Brandt.
Half course.
A review of the principal systems of thought from Descartes on. The greater philosophers
are studied through selections from their works; these readings are coordinated through a
standard history of philosophy.

7. Aesthetics. Mr. Mandelbaum.

Half course.

A historical and critical study of the theory of beauty and of standards of literary and artistic
criticism. Recommended for students majoring in literature or the fine arts.

8. Social Philosophy. Mr. Brandt.

Half course.

An analysis of the structure of society; theories of social change, such as the Hegelian and
the Marxian, and other central problems such as race and social progress; the theory of rights,
justice, and democracy; the ideals of communist, socialist, and fascist society.

12a. The History of Religions. Mr. Moore.

Half course.

A historical and comparative study of the great religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Moham'
medanism, Judaism, Christianity.

12b. The Philosophy of Religion. Mr. Moore.

Half course.

The psychology and interpretation of religious experience; the conflict between religion and
science; the problem of religious knowledge; the validity and the difficulties of the Christian
theology and ethic.
* Under the accelerated program, not' all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.

84

13a. The Old Testament. Mr. Moore.

Half course.

The ethical and religious development of the Hebrew people. A study of the chief boohs of
the Old Testament as history, theology, and literature.

13b. The New Testament. Mr. Moore.

Half course.

The life of Christ; the beginnings and the expansion of Christianity; an examination of the
Christian view of the world and of human life.

15. Nature and Man in Modern Thought. Mr. Mandelbaum.

Half course.

The rise of modem science; the eighteenth'century conflict, between science and religion; the
growth of evolutionary thought; interpretations of nature and man after Darwin.

HONORS W ORK

Prerequisites: For admission to honors study in philosophy, the re­
quirement is at least two semester courses. It is strongly recommended
that one of these be the Introduction to Philosophy (course 2). Stu­
dents who do not take this course should consult their instructors to
make sure that their combinations will be acceptable as prerequisites
for honors work.
Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
1. Moral Philosophy. Mr. Brandt, Mr. Blanshard.
A seminar in ethics,, systematic and historical. Rashdall’s Theory of Good and Evil (2 vols.)
is covered in detail. A printed syllabus (75 p p .), containing lists of readings in the sources,
references in recent literature, topics for papers, and questions for self-examination, has been
prepared for this seminar.

2. Plato. Mr. Nason.
A n examination of all the major and some of the minor dialogues of Plato in an effort to
understand his contributions to ethics, politics, and metaphysics and to appreciate his impor­
tance for Western thought. A ttention will be paid both to his historical setting and to his
significance for contemporary problems. Recommended for students of classics and literature.

3. History of Modem Philosophy. Mr. Nason, Mr. Mandelbaum, Mr. Brandt.
The development of modem thought from Bacon and Descartes to Kant. If the group so
desires, it may, with the approval of the instructor, exchange a study of certain of the preKantian philosophers for a study of more recent philosophical movements. This seminar may
appropriately be combined with work in any of the three divisions.

4. Classic Problems in Philosophy. Mr. Blanshard.
The first half of the study s devoted to the theory of knowledge; Montague's Ways of Know­
ing is used as a common basis and is supplemented by readings in contemporary philosophy. In
the second half of the semester, selected problems in metaphysics are taken for discussion,
including usually the mind-body problem, the issue between the mechanist and the vitalist, the
nature of the self, the problem of freedom and the relation between philosophy and religion.
Limited to seniors except for juniors w ith special permission.

85

*

5. Aesthetics. Mr. Mandelbaum.
A study, partly historical, partly systematic, of the philosophies of beauty and of art,
including theories of tragedy and comedy, of the sublime, and of standards of criticism. Readings
in the sources, ancient and modern; occasional visits to the art collections of Philadelphia.
Recommended for students of literature and the fine arts.

6. Philosophy of Science. Mr. Brandt.
A consideration of the nature and scope of science and scientific method; and of the logical
foundations of science, including the theories of induction and meaning, and the relation of
epistemology to the interpretation of science. Examination of the concepts of space, time, caus*
ality, mechanism, vitalism, explanation, and other scientific concepts of importance for the
student of philosophy.

7. Social Philosophy. Mr. Blanshard.
A study of the ethical basis of the state, and of rights and duties within it; of the current
conflict between Fascist, Marxist, and democratic views of the state; of the ideas of equality,
liberty, law, property, and justice. Recommended for students in the social sciences.

8. Concepts of Social Science. Mr. Mandelbaum.
A critical analysis of the organic and atomistic views of society, the idea of a group mind,
of law and custom, of theories of progress, of the Hegelian and Marxian views of social change,
and o.ther cardinal notions of social theory. Recommended for students of the social sciences.

10. Thesis.
A thesis may be submitted by majors in the department for one of the Honors subj'ects, upon
application by the student and at the discretion of the department.

86

PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR MEN
A ssociate P rofessor : C arl K . D e l l m u t h , Director of

Physical Education and Athletics.
A ssistant P ro fesso r : R obert H . D u n n , Assistant Director.
I n structors : A very F. B la k e .
A ssistants : A lbert M. B a r r o n .
E . J . Fa u l k n e r .
J ames J . M c A d o o .
W illis J . St e t s o n .
G eorge E . R eim er .
C ollege P h ysicia n fo r M e n : D r . H arold R oxby .
F A C U L T Y R E Q U IR E M E N T

AH male students must comply with the requirement regarding
physical fitness laid down by the faculty. This requirement is a flexible
one, which varies with the needs of the student. For purposes of ad­
ministering it, students will be divided into three groups as described
below.
At the beginning and in the middle of each semester, tests will be
given to every male student in physical fitness and water proficiency.
On the basis of these tests three groups will be recognized:
1. Men in superior physical condition. These men will be excused from all
formal requirements, with the understanding that they will take responsibility
themselves for maintaining their physical fitness.
2. Men in average condition. From members of this group the Department
will require three periods of supervised exercise per week. The men, however,
wilj be given their option of attending regular classes in physical fitness or
taking part in some phase of the games program (Varsity, Junior Varsity, or
Intramural).
3. Men whose condition is below average. For these men special programs
of corrective exercises will be designed, not to exceed five periods a week. The
earlier classes for this group will be concerned largely with body-building
techniques, but later will combine such work with a program of games.

The Department of Physical Education will undertake to help men
advance from the lower brackets to the higher as speedily as possible.
All men not excused for medical or other reasons are expected to ful­
fill this requirement under penalty of being asked to leave the College.
FALL ACTIVITIES

♦Cross-Country
Swimming
Badminton
♦Basketball
Boxing
Fencing
Handball

♦Football
♦Soccer

Tennis
Touch Football

Speed Ball
Physical Fitness Class

WINTER ACTIVITIES

Lacrosse
Life Saving
Paddle Tennis
Soccer
♦Swimming

Tennis
Track
Volley Ball
♦Wrestling
Physical Fitness Class

SPRING ACTIVITIES

♦Baseball
Golf

♦Lacrosse
Softball

♦Baseball
♦Tennis

♦Golf
♦Swimming

*Tennis
*Track

Physical Fitness Class

SUMMER ACTIVITIES

*Track
Softball

Riding
Physical Fitness Class

* Intercollegiate varaity and sub-varsity schedules are played in these sports.
87

PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
Associate P rofessor: V irginia Ra t h , Chairman.
I nstructors : M ay E. P arry.
A lice M. G ates.
Assistant : J ormila V okral .
College P hysician for w o m en : D r . D orothy A shton .

The aim of this Department is to contribute to the education of all
women students through the medium of physical activity. W e believe
this contribution can best be achieved through participation in a broad
program of recreational, rhythmic and developmental activities. There­
fore the program provides: instruction and experience in sports and
dancing; swimming ability for all; corrective and developmental exer­
cises. It is our hope that the student will also acquire: appreciation of
the dance as a fine art; the meaning of good sportsmanship; added
endurance; good posture; leadership training; joy in outdoor exercise;
and a program of interests and skills that will carry over for the
individual and her community after College.
Classes are kept small to insure individual attention, and students
are grouped according to ability. Ample opportunities are given for
intramural and intercollegiate competition, as well as for public per­
formances and demonstrations.
Freshmen, sophomores and juniors take three periods of activity
each week. These may be elected from classes listed below except that
freshmen are required to take Swimming on entering, and Body Me­
chanics in the winter term. Seniors in good standing may meet their
requirement outside of instruction classes. A swimming test must be
passed before graduation.
Regulation costumes should be ordered before college opens. Blanks
for this purpose will be sent out from the Office of the Dean to all
incoming students.
SPORTS
1

. Hockey. Miss Parry, Miss Rath.

term.

Class and Varsity.

2. Archery. Miss Rath.
Clafcs arid Varsity.

an^ tyrwg.

88

3.
‘

Tennis. Miss Parry, Miss Rath, Miss Gates, Mr. Faulkner.
;
Fall, Winter and Spring.

Class and Varsity, Winter and Spring.

4- Golf.

paH and Spring.

Class and Varsity.

5. Swimming. Miss Rath, Miss Gates, Miss Parry.

Fall, Winter and Spring.

Beginner, intermediate and advanced classes in strokes, diving and Red Cross Life Saving,
senior and Instructors* tests.
Class and Varsity.

6. Horseback Riding.

Pall, Winter and Spring.

Class and Club.

7. Basketball. Miss Parry, Miss Rath.

Winter.

Class and Varsity.

8. Fencing. Mrs. Vokral.

Fall, Winter and Spring.

Class and Varsity.

9. Badminton. Miss Rath, Miss Parry, Miss Gates, Mr. Faulkner.
Winter and Spring.
Class and Varsity.

RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

Miss Gates.
10. Dancing.

Fall, Winter and Spring

Class and Club.

11. Tap Dancing.
12. Folk Dancing.

Winter.
Fall, Winter and Spring.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES

14. Tumbling. Miss Rath.

Winter.

15. Individual Gymnastics. Miss Rath.

Winter.

For those students who need special exercises because of incorrect posture or minor orthopedic
defects.

16. Body Mechanics. Miss Rath.

Winter.

Required of all first^year students.

17. Conditioning Exercises. Miss Rath.

Winter.

SERVICE ACTIVITIES

18. Recreational Leadership. Miss Gates.

Winter and Spring.

For those interested in getting experience in the Recreational application of Folk Dancing,
children s games, music, dramatics, nature crafts, etc. Theory, practice and practical experience.

Work Squad. Miss Rath.
Begun in 1943, this group has helped the manpower shortage on outdoor campus work.

Gardening.

Spring, Summer.

Student conducted, under professional guidance.

Farm Aid.

Fall.

Also under student leadership, this activity means half or whole days of work on nearby
farms. Limited credit is given.

89

PHYSICS
P rofessor : W in t h r o p R. W r ig h t .
A ssociate P rofessors : M ila n W . G arrett .
M . R ussell W

ehr.

A ssistant P rofessors : * W illia m C. E lm o r e .
H o m er C. K n a u ss .
R a l p h P. Sh u t t .

1 (PH. 1-2). General Physics. Staff.

Full course

Three lectures, one laboratory period and a conference weekly. Both semesters will be offered
concurrently during the tenure of the Navy Program.

2 (PH. 3-4). Advanced General Physics. Mr. Garrett

Full course.

This course is the equivalent of courses PH 3-4 in the Navy V-12 Program. The second
half will be offered in November. 1944. Calculus must precede or accompany this course.
The material for this course is drawn from the fields of mechanics, hydrodynamics, the
kinetic theory, and thermodynamics. Three conferences and one laboratory period weekly.

H O NORS W ORK

The following seminars are those usually offered in preparation
for a degree with Honors. During the war emergency the content and
the subdivision into units may be modified but the descriptions will
apply in general. The seminars will be open to all qualified students,
whether in course or in honors.
1. Physical Optics.

Offered in November, 1944.

2. Electricity and Magnetism.

Offered in March, 1945.

3. Atomic Physics.
4. Theoretical Physics.
* Absent on leave.

90

»POLITICAL SCIENCE
Associate P rofessor: J. Roland P ennock , Chairman.
Assistant P rofessors: Arnaud B. Leavelle.
* »V ernon A. O ’Rourke .
Bryce W ood.
I nstructor : H erbert G. So n th o ff .

Political Science 1 is open to all students and is prerequisite to all
other courses offered by the department. Other courses are open to all
students who have had Political Science 1 unless otherwise indicated.
1. Introduction to Political Science. All members of the department.
Full course.
The foundations of politics—sociological, psychological, and economic; nature and develop'
ment of political institutions; types of government. An examination of government and politics
in the principal countries of Europe, followed by a more detailed study of the tiational govern'
ment of the United States.

2. American Political Parties. Mr. Leavelle.

Half course.

Structure, motivations, and techniques of political parties at the national, state and local
levels. Problems of political sectionalism, party leadership, party responsibility, and the impact
of pressure groups on the formation of public policy.

3. American State and Local Government. Mr. Leavelle.

Half course.

State and local government agencies, practices, and problems. Constitutions and charters,
governors and city executives, legislatures and councils, problems of state and local administra'
tive organization, and political parties. Intergovernmental relations and administration.

4. American Constitutional Law. Mr. Pennock and Mr. Leavelle.

Half course.

The Constitution as developed by the Court; and the Court as seen through the cases.
Stressing (a) the extent of national power, (b) constitutional limitations upon state legislation,
(c) the nature of the judicial process in the American system of government.

5. Public Administration. Mr. Pennock and Mr. Leavelle.

Half course.

An analysis of the principles of administration in modern governments with illustrative
material drawn chiefly from the national government of the United States and with particular
references to the implication of recent changes. Problems of administrative organization, conduct
of regulatory and managerial activities, financial administration, personnel, public relations,
administrative legislation and adjudication.
Open to juniors and seniors only.

6. History of Political Theory. Mr. Pennock.

Half course.

The development of thought on the nature of the state and of individual rights and duties,
based largely on readings of the chief political philosophers. Topics studied include: Greek
political thought; medieval universalism and the divine right of kings; the Reformation and the
development of contractual theory; sovereignty and the rise of the national state; the growth
of liberalism and the roots of totalitarian ideologies.

7. Democracy and Dictatorship. Mr. Pennock.

Half course.

Reconsideration of the bases of representative government in the light of changed economic
and social conditions in the modem State; examination of such alternative principles as those
offered by Communism and Fascism; investigation of the problem of planning in a democracy;
and an appraisal of present tendencies in political development.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.
91

8. International Relations, Law, and Organization. Mr. Wood and Mr. Sonthoff.
Half course.
An introduction to the principles and problems of international relations and foreign policy,
including: historical concepts of international society; development and basis of the national
state system; nationalism and imperialism; diplomacy; growth and nature of international law
and organs; the League of Nations; the impact of war on modern society; elements of future
international organization and present plans for reconstruction.

9. Latin American Relations. Mr. Wood.

Half course.

Political, historical, cultural, commercial relationships between the United States and Mexico,
Central America, the Caribbean area, and South America. Discussions of Pan'Americanism,
the Monroe Doctrine, boundary disputes, trade agreements, the Good Neighbor Policy. Ameri'
can diplomatic history as seen by Latin America.

10. American Foreign Policy. Mr. Wood and Mr. Sonthoff.

Half course.

A historical and analytical study of the political, constitutional, geographic, and economic
factors controlling American foreign policy, with particular reference to: American diplomacy;
the Monroe Doctrine; Pan'Americanism; trade agreements and the Good Neighbor Policy,
war'time policies and implications for the post'war international order.

11. European Public Administration. Mr. Sonthoff.

Half course.

Main elements of the local and national administrative structure of selected European coun'
tries, with particular regard to their social and historical background.
HONORS W ORK

Prerequisite: Political Science 1. The following seminars prepare
for examination for a degree with Honors:
1. Political Theory. Mr. Pennock.
The nature of the state, the basis of political obligation, sovereignty and the nature of law,
problems of freedom and authority, theoretical analysis of forms of government, theories of
revolution—-all in the light of the theories set forth by writers on these subjects from Plato
to the present.

2. Federal, State, and Local Politics. Mr. Leavelle.
Federal'State and statedocal relations under modem conditions. State, municipal, and rural
government. The various forces and factors which impinge upon the legislative process: inter'
and intra'party politics, rural'urban cleavages, pressure groups, public opinion, the chief
executive, and administrative agencies. Comparisons between state and federal politics.

3. Problems in Government and Administration. Mr. Pennock and Mr. Leavelle.
A detailed study of major problems of government, particularly on the administrative side,
and especially as they manifest themselves in the national government of the United States.
Topics studied include: public budgeting and financial control, administrative legislation and
adjudication, governmental reorganization, administrative areas, governmental corporations, and
problems of public service personnel administration.

4. International Relations and Organization. Mr. Wood and Mr. Sonthoff.
Basic factors of interstate relations—geography, resources, races, trade—considered in relation
to nationalism, imperialism, and war. Also a study* of efforts to restrain international rivalries
and to avoid war.

5. American Foreign Policy. Mr. Wood and Mr. Sonthoff.
A study of the economic, political, and strategic factors in American foreign policy since
1890* with special attention to Pan-American affairs.

6. Thesis.
All members of the department.
Approval of the instructor immediately concerned must be secured early in the student’s
junior year.

92

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
P rofessor : W olfgang K öhler .
Associate P rofessor: »»R obert B. M acLeod.
A ssistant P rofessors: Richard S. Crutchfield .
** »Edwin B. N ew m an .
I nstructors : V era F rench .
H ans W allach , Acting Chairman.
A ssistant : V irginia B ell K lopfer (part-tim e).
PSYCHOLOGY

1. Introduction to Psychology. Mr. Köhler, Mr. Wallach.

Full course.

A study of the structure and organization of the mental life of the normal, human adult.
Recommended for sophomore year.

2. Experimental Psychology. The staff.

Half course.

3. Human Motivation. Mr. Wallach.

Half course.

A laboratory course on problems in human psychology.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

A study of the directive and the regulative aspects of human behavior.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

4. Social Psychology. Mr. Crutchfield.

Half course.

Psychological analysis of the behavior of the individual as a member of social groups.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

5. Child Psychology. Miss French.

Half course.

Intellectual, social and emotional development from birth through adolescence.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

6. Animal Behavior. Mr. Newman.

Half course.

presentation of those facts in animal psychology which contribute to our present knowledge
of general psychology.
Prerequisite, Course 1.
A

7. Systematic Psychology. Mr. Köhler.

Half course.

Observations and problems in different fields of modern psychology treated as parts of a
developing system, with a consideration of the basic principles inherent in this development.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

8. Educational Psychology. Miss French.

Half course, alternate years.

Psychology of individual, differences, learning, motivation, and personality adjustment; special
problems related to teaching.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

9. Psychological Tests and Measurements. Miss French.

Half course.

Construction, administration and interpretation of tests, with special emphasis on clinical
techniques.
Prerequisite, Course 1.

10. Advanced Experimental Psychology. The staff.

Half course.

Special investigation of selected problems under the direction of a member of the department.
Open only to seniors.
Prerequisite, Courses 1 and 2.
* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.
*** Absent on leave, part-time.
93

11. Psychological Tutorial. The staff.

Half course.

Supervised reading in fields that have not been adequately covered in courses. Required of
seniors majoring in psychology.

12. Elementary Statistics.

Half course.

Study of the elements of statistical method, comprising treatment of certain principles in the
organization and analysis of statistical data; application of these principles to data of the
social sciences.

13. Diagnosis of Personality. Miss French.

Half course.

Theory and practice of methods employed in understanding personality: case histories, per'
sonal documents, projective techniques, measurement of interests, sentiments, and values.
Prerequisite, Courses 1, 3 or 5, and 9.

PSl. General Psychology. The staff.
EDUCATION

21. Introduction to Education. Miss French.

Half course.

A survey of the aims, organization and procedures of education; the opportunities and require*

ments in education as a profession.

22. History of Education. Miss French.

Half course, alternate years.

A historical survey of educational procedures from the period of the Greeks to the present,
including a comparison of present-day systems in Europe and America.

23. Philosophy of Education. Miss French.

Half course, alternate years.

A study of the fundamental principles of education viewed in dynamic relation with our
culture; special emphasis on the role of education in a democratic society.
REQUIREMENTS FOR M AJOR AND MINOR IN COURSE

Students intending to elect psychology as major subject are advised
to take a course in philosophy and a course in biological or physical
science, preferably during the freshman year. Students looking forward
to graduate work should choose German as their foreign language.
Major students in course take Courses 1, 2 and 11, and the equivalent
of four further half courses in psychology. Minor students are expected
to take Course 1 and the equivalent of two further full courses in psy­
chology. Courses in education, 21, 22 and 23, will not be credited
toward a major or minor in psychology.
Education alone may not be elected as a major or minor subject, and
not more than two full courses in education will be accepted for credit
toward the bachelor’s degree. The Pennsylvania requirements for the
certification of secondary school teachers include 21 hours of psychology
and education. W ith the exception of 6 hours of practice teaching,
which must be taken elsewhere, Swarthmore students may fulfill these
requirements by taking Courses 1, 8, 21, 22 and 23.
HONORS WORK

Prerequisites: Introduction to Psychology (1 ) is the normal prerequi­
site for all honors work. This may be waived, however, in cases of
candidates who have done advanced work in zoology and physiology,
94

and who propose to concentrate in the field of physiological psychology.
All major students are advised to take introductory work in zoology or
physics and in philosophy.
Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
1. Systematic Psychology. Mr. Köhler.
A short historical survey of empirical psychology, followed by a discussion of (1) basic
questions of methodology and (2) such psychological observations as tend to unite themselves
into systematically related groups of facts. Particular attention is paid to the relations between
psychology and other fields of knowledge.

2. Perception. Mr. Köhler, Mr. Wallach.
Deals systematically and experimentally with problems in the field of perception, no attempt
being made to cover the whole field in any one semester; open to all qualified Honors students,
but especially recommended for students of the natural sciences and of philosophy.

3. Learning. Mr. Köhler, Mr. Newman, Mr. Wallach.
The experimental study of memory and learning, with a view to finding optimal conditions of
motivation, the nature and arrangement of material, temporal relations and the like, as well
as formulating hypotheses about the nature of the learning process; open to all qualified Honors
students.

4. Human Development. Mr. Newman.
The growth and development of psychological processes; the nature of learning and of intelli'
gence; the world of the child contrasted with that of the adult. Open to all qualified Honors
students, but may not be combined with Learning.

5. Motivation. Mr. Köhler, Mr. Crutchfield.
A systematic and experimental approach to the dynamics of behavior, based on material
drawn from the laboratory and from the clinic; open to all qualified Honors students, but of
particular interest to students of ethics and of the social sciences.

6. The Individual in Society. Mr. Crutchfield.
The relationship between man andi his society, approachde from the points of view of social
psycho ogy, sociology and cultural anthropology; open to all qualified Honors students, but
especially designed for students of the social sciences.

7. Language and Thinking. Mr. MacLeod.
The psychological bases of communication, with special reference to the origin nad develop,
ment of language, the nature of linguistic symbolism, the disorders of linguistic behavior,
creative imagination, and rational and irrational thinking; open to all qualified Honors students,
but especially designed for students of literature, and recommended in conjunction with the
seminar on Linguistics.

8. Animal Behavior. Mr. Newman.
A comparative study of animal behavior, with laboratory work. Recommended for students
with a background in biology.

9. Psychophysiology. Mr. Newman.
An introductory study, roughly parallel to Psychology 1, designed for selected students in
the natural sciences who have been unable to take the regular course. With permission, this
seminar may be offered as a fourth seminar in zoology.

10. Thesis.
May be presented as a substitute for one seminar, provided the student is doing major work
in psychology with four seminars, and provided some member of the department is willing to
undertake the direction of the thesis.

95

♦ROMANCE LANGUAGES
P ro fesso r : E d ith P h il ip s , Chairman.
V isitin g P ro fesso r : P h il ip p e So u p a u l t .
A ssociate P rofessors : ♦ ♦ H arold M arch .
♦♦L e o n W e n c e l iu s .
A ssistant P ro fesso r : J a m es

D. So rber .

I n structors : J ose V a zq u e z A m aral .
M a rion M o n a c o .
P art -T im b I n str u c t o r : E lisa A sen sio .

FRENCH

1.

Elementary French.

Full course.

For «tudent» who begin French in college. Equivalent of two years’ secondary school
preparation.

2a. Reading, Grammar and Composition. Members of the department.
Hal] course.
Prerequisite, French 1 or two years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test.

2b. Reading, Grammar and Composition. Continued. Members of the department.
Half course.
Prerequisite, French 2a or three years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test.

3.

Introduction to French Literature. Members of the department.

Half course.

Prerequisite, French 2b or four years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test.
Representative texts of modern French writers. Conducted in French with frequent written
work in French.

10.

Le roman avant 1800. M. Soupault.

H i Le roman du dix-neuvième siècle. M. Soupault.
12. Prosateurs et moralistes de la Renaissance et de la Réforme.

Half course.
Half course.
Half course.

13. La prose classique. M. Soupault.

Half course.

14. Les origines philosophiques de la révolution. Miss Philips.

Half course

16. La poésie lyrique jusqu’à l’époque classique. Miss Monaco.

Half course.

17. La poésie lyrique moderne. M. Soupault.

Half course.

* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
•* Absent on leave.

96

18. Origines et développement du théâtre classique. Miss Monaco.
19. Le -théâtre moderne. Miss Monaco.

Half course.
Half course.

20. Histoire de la littérature française. Members of the department.
21. Advanced Composition. Miss Philips.

Pull course.

Half course.

SPANISH

Ï. Elementary Spanish. Mr. Sorber.

Full course.

For students who begin Spanish in college. Equivalent of two years’ secondary school
preparation.

2. Reading, Grammar and Composition. Mrs. Asensio, Mr. Amaral. Full course.
Prerequisite, Spanish 1 or two years’ secondary school preparation and a placement test.

3. Introduction to Spanish Literature. Mr. Sorber.

Full course.

Prerequisite, Spanish 2, or four years’ preparation in secondary school and a placement test.
Representative texts of modern Spanish writers. Conducted in Spanish with frequent written
work in Spanish.

10. La novela espanola del siglo XIX. Mr. Sorber.

Half course.

For Honors work in Spanish, sec page 108.

11. La poesia hispano-americana. Mr. Amaral.

Half course.

12. El siglo de oro. Mr. Amaral.
13. La novela hispano-americana. Mr. Sorber.
ITALIAN

Î. Elementary Italian.

Full course.

A course aimed to give the student ability to read ordinary Italian with ease, and to write
and speak simple Italian.

2. Second year Italian.

Full course.

Grammar review and composition. Readings from Dante’s Inferno.

3. Introduction to Modern Italian Literature.

Full course.

Representative texts of modern Italian writers.

All students offering French or Spanish for entrance take a placement
test. The results of this test, taken into consideration with the number
of years of preparation, determine the student’s assignment to Course 2
or Course 3.
The department does not offer a major in Spanish or Italian.
97

HONORS W ORK

French may be offered as a major or minor subject in the Division of
the Humanities.
Prerequisites for majors: French 3, Latin 1, or its equivalent, History
of Europe or History of France, History of Philosophy or Introduction
to Philosophy.
Majors are expected to speak French with sufficient fluency to con­
duct a discussion in French with the examiner in the oral examination.
Some indulgence is shown by the examiners to minors in respect to
their spoken French, although all seminars are conducted in French.
The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with
Honors:
1. La renaissance en France. Miss Monaco.
Rebeláis, Calvin, Montaigne, Ronsard.

2. Le théâtre classique. Miss Monaco.
Corneille, Racine, Molière.

4. La pensée française au dix-huitième siècle. Miss Philips.
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau.

5. La poésie lyrique au dix-neuvième siècle. M. Soupault.
The Romantic, Parnassian and Symbolist movements. Modem tendencies.

6. Quatre romanciers modernes. M. Soupault.
Balgac, Stendhal, Flaubert, Proust.

The seminars in French are planned with reference to the choices of
the students and the convenience of the department, and the semester
in which they are given varies from year to year. Majors are urged to
elect four seminars which cover the four modern centuries.
Beginning with the academic year 1941-42, a minor in Spanish will
be offered in honors work. Prerequisite, Spanish 3. The following
seminars will be given:
1. La novela hispano-americana. Mr. Sorber.
2. La poésia hispano-americana. Mr. Amaral.
3. El siglo de oro. Mr. Amaral.
4. La novela española del siglo XIX. Mr. Sorber.

98

»ZOOLOGY
P rofessors : * * La u ren ce I rving , Chairman.
R obert K . E nders .
V isiting P ro fesso r : C. E. M c C l u n g , Acting Chairman.
A ssociate P rofessors : F ra n k R. K il l s .
W a lter J . Sc o tt .
A ssistant P rofessor : R u t h M c C. J o n e s .
I n st r u c t o r : **C. B ro ok e W o r t h .
R esearch A ssociates : ** G eorge A . E dwards .
* * P er F. Sch o la n d er .
A ssista n t : H a n n a h T. B ro o m el l .

1. Biology. Staffs of Botany and Zoology Departments.

Full course.

This introductory course is designed to present the fundamental aspects of biology. Wherever
possible, principles will be illustrated by both plants and animals with particular reference to
their interdependence and interrelationships. The topics for consideration during the first semester
(Biology la) include: protoplasm, the cell, structure and function in higher plants, genetics;
and a brief survey of the plant kingdom. The topics in the second semester (Biology lb)
include: principles of vertebrate structure and physiology, embryology, a comparative study of a
few invertebrate phyla, ecology and evolution. The course is a prerequisite for advanced courses
in botany and zoology.
Three lectures or conferences and one laboratory period per week.

Bl and B2. Staffs of Botany and Zoology Departments.

Full course.

V-12 introductory course in Biology, similar to Biology 1 in scope but schedules 2 lecture*
recitation periods and 2 three-hour laborator yperiods per week. Open only to students who
are in V-12 or who have the permission of the departments.

2. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. Mr. Enders.

Half course.

A course of lectures, laboratory conferences and dissection presented from the comparative
viewpoint. Dissection of several vertebrate types is undertaken.
Two lectures or conferences and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite, 1.

3. Elementary Physiology. Mr. Scott.

Half course.

A consideration of the physiology of muscle, nerve, circulation, respiration, central nervous
system, special senses, and digestion; the treatment is designed to give a broad understanding
of the mechanism of the vertebrate body. In the laboratory standard experiments on living tissue
are performed.
Two lectures, one conference and one laboratory period per week. Prerequisite, 1.

4. Embryolpgy. Mr. Kille.

Half course

study of the developmental process in vertebrates. Laboratory periods are devoted to the
developmental anatomy of amphioxus, frog, chick, and pig. Experimental analysis of develop­
ment is introduced in the lectures and conferences.
Three lectures, one laboratory period per week. Prerequisite, 1.
A

* Under the accelerated program, not all courses will be offered every term.
** Absent on leave.

99

5. Invertebrate Zoology. Mr. Kille.

Half course in alternate years.

A comparative study of the invertebrates exclusive of protozoa and insects. Special attention
is given to the topics of regeneration, analysis of development, and invertebrate hormones.
The living material used in the laboratory is collected by the class during field studies of
marine, fresh water and land habitats.
One three'hour discussion-recitation period and one laboratory period per week, occasional
field trips. Prerequisite, 1.

6a. Microscopic Anatomy. Mrs. Jones.

Half course.

This course is concerned with the microscopic structure of vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Whenever possible the tissues are examined in the living condition. The student makes enough
preparations to familiarize himself with the principal methods of modem microtechnique.
■Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite, 1.

6b. Advanced Microscopic Anatomy. Mrs. Jones.

Half course.

A continuation of 6a. Methods of research are stressed, including bibliographic practice.
Conferences generally replace lectures.
Prerequisite, 6a.

7. Mammalian Physiology. Mr. Scott.

Half course.

A laboratory course of experiments illustrating the more important features of the circulatory,
respiratory and nervous systems.
One lecture, one conference, and one laboratory period per week. Prerequisites, 1, 2, 3.

8. Special Topics. The staff.
For advanced students. Open to those who on account of fitness have arranged a program
of special work in the department.

9. Biology of the Vertebrates. Mr. Enders.

Half course.

A course designed to integrate the students' knowledge in abstract sciences with living
animals, both captive and wild. Field work is especially stressed during the warmer months.
Open to zoology senior majors only.

10. Neurology,. Mr. Scott.

Half course, alternate years

After a brief review of the evolution of the nervous system phylogenetically an intensive
study is made of the anatomy of the central nervous system in man with occasional reference
to corresponding systems in lower mammals and in other vertebrates.
Prerequisites, 1, 2, 3, and 4.
REQUIREMENTS FOR MAJOR AND MINOR IN COURSE

Students in general course must complete during their four years the
following: Two courses in chemistry, one course in mathematics, one
course in physics, two courses in German (or their equivalent), four
courses in zoology. Genetics (Botany Department) or botany may be
offered as one advanced zoology course. W ith permission of the depart­
ment a second course in physics, a second course in mathematics or a
third course in chemistry may be substituted for the fourth course in
zoology providing such a course is not being offered as part of the
minor requirement.
The departmental requirements of two courses in chemistry and one
in physics constitute a minor for zoology majors.
100

HONORS W ORK

Prerequisites: for a major: one and one-half courses in zoology
(1, 2), one and one-half courses in chemistry (1 ), one course in mathe­
matics (1, 2 ), one course in physics (1 ), two courses in German (1, 2)
or their equivalent.
For a minor, Biology 1. In addition seminars in physiology require
one course in physics and two courses in chemistry.
Additional preparation in chemistry is desirable (2, 6 ). Further work
in mathematics is recommended for those who have ability in the sub­
ject (11, 12). The additional courses in chemistry and mathematics are
necessary for taking seminars in those departments.
Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a
degree with Honors:
Embryology. Mr. Kille.
The nature of the germ cells, experimental analysis of development and reproduction, and
the developmental anatomy of vertebrates with laboratory emphasis on the chick and the pig.

Microscopic Anatomy. Mrs. Jones.
A study of the minute structure of animals by the examination of living cells and tissues,
and by the analysis of prepared slides; most of these slides are prepared by the student who
thus acquires a working knowledge of microscopical technique.

Neurology. Mr. Scott.
A preliminary consideration of the evolution of the nervous system is followed by a detailed
study of the anatomy of the human brain w ith special emphasis upon the internal structure and
its physiological implications. Frequent reference is made to corresponding features of the
brains of lower vertebrates.

Physiology I. Mr. Scott.
A sutdy is made of the nature of the physiological processes in muscle, nerve, something of
the nature and function of the central nervous system w ith special emphasis upon the structure
and function of the autonomic nervous system together w ith a study of the mechanisms of
circulation and of respiration in various animal bodies such as amphibia and mammals.

Physiology II. Mr. Irving.
Respiration, considering the utilization of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide, their
transport and exchange with the atmosphere.

Physiology of Reproduction. Mr. Enders.
Sex and internal secretions in vertebrate animals.

Work at summer biological stations may be substituted for certain
seminars and courses, permitting more choice in the student’s college
program.
101

P R E -M E D IC A L PR O G R A M

The department of zoology helps pre-medical students plan their
programs to meet the requirements of the Medical Schools of their
choice. Before the war, pre-medical students normally completed an
eight-semester college course as candidates for the B.A. degree. Now
this possibility is open only to women students, and to men who have
been classed as 4F by Selective Service. During the period of the war
emergency, some Medical Schools will accept students who have com­
pleted four or six semesters of college work. The longer and shorter
programs are outlined as follows:
a. Eight-semester program.
Required and Recommended Courses.
Zoology: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6a, 7, 9; sometimes 5, 10, and 6b.
Chemistry: 1, 3, 6a, 6b; sometimes 5.
Physics: 1; sometimes 2.
English: 16; a choice of one of the following: 1, 6a, 10, 11a, lib .
Social Science Division: one full course.
Foreign language: to meet the college requirement (p. 27).
A reading knowledge of German is desirable but not required.

The work of the junior and senior years may be taken in Honors
seminars or in courses, according to the ability of the student.
b. Four-semester program.
Required Courses.
Zoology: 1, 2, 4.
Chemistry: 1, 3, 6a.
Mathematics: 1, 2.
Physics: 1.
English: 16, 1.
Social Science Division: one full course.

102

♦GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
OF STUDENTS
Pennsylvania ..........
New Y o r k ..............
New Jersey ............
Maryland ................
Connecticut ............
Massachusetts..........
O h io ........................
Illinois ....................
District of Columbia
In d ian a....................
California................
Virginia ..................
Michigan ................
Delaware ................
M issouri..................
Arkansas .............. .
Io w a ........................
Rhode Is la n d ..........
Florida ....................
Mexico ....................
New Hampshire . . ,
Wisconsin ............ .
Arizona .................
Brazil ....................

Pennsylvania ..........
New Y o r k ...............
New Jersey ............
Maryland .................
Massachusetts ........
Connecticut ............
District of Columbia
O h io .........................
Illinois .....................
Virginia ..................
Michigan ................
Delaware ................
In d ian a.....................
Missouri ...................
California ...............
Io w a .........................
Arizona ...................
Florida .....................
Mexico .....................
New Hampshire . . .
Oklahoma ...............
Canada .....................

WINTER TERM
November-February, 1943-1944
............ 265
Colorado ....................................
2
............ 159
North Carolina ..................
2
............ 102
O klahom a...................................
2
........ ... 49
South Carolina .........................
2
............ 29
Texas ..........................................
2
............. 28
Uruguay .....................................
2
............ 20
West V irg in ia.......................
2
............ 19
Canada ........................................
1
............ 18
C u b a ............................................
1
............. 13
Hawaii ........................................
1
............ 11
Idaho ..........................................
1
............ 10
India ..........................................
1
............
9
Iran ............................................
1
............
8
Kansas ........................................
1
............
7
Louisiana
1
............
4
M artinique..............................
1
............
4
Minnesota ........ %.....................
1
............
4
Mississippi
1
............
3
M ontana......................................
1
.......
3
Nebraska
1
............
3
O re g o n ........................................
1
............
3
Paraguay
1
2
South Dakota ........................._.___ 1
............
2
Total
805
SPRING TERM
February-June, 1944
............ 229
Colorado .................
2
............ 133
Minnesota ...................................
2
............ 81
North Carolina ..........................
2
............. 38
South C arolina............................
2
............ 27
Washington ................................
2
............ 24
West V irg in ia............................
2
............ 22
Wisconsin
2
............. 22
Arkansas ....................................
1
............ 16
Brazil ..........................................
1
............ 12
C u b a ............................................
1
............ 10
Hawaii ........................................
1
............
9
Idaho ..........................................
1
.............
9
ft30 ............................................
1
............
7
Kentucky
1
............
6
Louisiana
1
............
5
Nebraska
1
.............
4
O re g o n ........................................
1
............
3
Rhode Isla n d ..............................
1
............
3
Tennessee....................................
1
............
3
Texas ..........................................
1
3
U ruguay .................. ..................
1
.............
2
Total
697

• The list of students which has formerly appeared in the Catalogue is now printed as a
separate Directory and is published every term. Copies may be obtained by applying to the
Registrar.

103

SUMMER TERM
July-October, 1944
South Carolina .........................
Arizona ..............
China ..............................
Colorado ...................................
Georgia .....................................'
Hawaii .......................................
Idaho .........................................
Kansas .......................................
Louisiana ...................................
Mexico .......................................
M ississippi................................
New Hampshire .......................
Oregon .......................................
Tennessee .................................
Uruguay .....................................
Vermont ...................................
Washington ...............................
West V irg in ia...........................
Wisconsin ..............................

Pennsylvania ............................. 173
New Y o r k ................................. 84
New Jersey ............................... 53
25
O h io ..................................
Maryland ................................... 23
Illinois ....................................... 14
Connecticut ............................... 13
District of Colum bia................. 13
Delaware ................................... 11
Virginia ..................................... 10
7
Michigan ...................................
M issouri.....................................
5
4
California .................................
Indiana .....................................
4
I o w a ...........................................
4
Minnesota .................................
4
Kentucky ...................................
3
Florida .......................................
2
Nebraska ..............................
2
Oklahoma ............................
2
2
Rhode Isla n d .............................

Total ......................

104

2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
474

DEGREES CONFERRED
1943

OCTOBER

BACHELOR OF ARTS

In the Division of the Humanities
H elbn Bbye (High Honors)
Lydia Brinton
Atala Scudder D avison
Elizabeth D eN iord
K athryn Louise D etreux
M uriel Errera
M ary J anb F elix
Lois W alton Frebman
Elizabeth Cowing H aines

O lw en M orffydd J ones
N orman D avis K nox

(High Honors)
A lice Fafibna Lightwood (Honors)
V irginia G raves N oehren
J o h n M ahlon O gden
G ertrude H untington W right

(High Honors)

(High Honors)
In the Division of the Social Sciences
H ugo Eugene Brandstetter
J ames G arner D eane
J ean H aire F orster
W endell A lbert H aberern
J ane Caroline J abine (Honors)
V ictor R. J ose (Honors)
J oseph W illiam K immel
F elice J ean K lau
Lucinda W hite Lohr

J anet An n M cC loskey
J oanna H azel M axwell

(High Honors)
P aul Burton P opkins
A lice Skodzus (Honors)
J ane H elen Stern
D avid Stanton T appan , J r .
Erika E lisabeth T eutsch (Honors)

In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
Richard S. Brokaw (Honors)
W illiam Richard Busing

(High Honors)
O rville W right D onnelly
D avid Gale (High Honors)

Cyrus Levinthal (High Honors)
J ane M orss
E lizabeth P eabody
M argaret J oan W hite

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

In the Division of Engineering
Richard F reeman Barnes
N icholas A ndrew B eldecos
Charles An t ho ny Cibelius , J r .
Edward H anes Cooley
D ean W inslow Freed
Lawrence Eldon Lindley , J r .

W illiam J ackson M arshall
P eter P age Schauffler
J o h n N . T homas
Richard M orse T rainer
Barclay W hite , J r .
R obert J ames W illiams , III

105

FEBRU A RY

1944

BACHELOR OF ARTS

In the Division of the Humanities
F rances Lydia A lford
M ary Louise D enton
Priscilla H ilton D u M ond
Rut h Charles En io n

(High Honors)
A lice G alloway H ead
Kala Rosenthal H erlands
H arriet Sue M ellett (Honors)

M arjorie M ills
D oris J anb M orrell
F rederick H aynie O hrenschall
N orma J ean Seiler
Ru th H oyt Shepard
M arianna Louise W alton
Louise M arsh Z immerman

(Honors)

In the Division of the Social Sciences
Barbara Rose Bair
M ary Cornelia Brewster
Barbara A n n e Burt
Isabella G rant (High Honors)
R uth M adeleine LaBarre

M ary P hyllis Lohr
V irginia P ennoyer
Esther W ilson Ridpath
Emilib K ellogg Smith

(High Honors)

In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
H annah T hom pson Broomell
J o h n Christopher Coates
G ertrude E lisabeth Courant

(Honors)
Shirley M arie H irst
M argaret E llis K eeler

D orothy J ean K een
Ernest K etcham Sm ith , J r .
An n b Louise Stevens
D ora Faye Stewart (Honors)
G ordon P etersen W alker
Laura M iller V ost ( Honors)

106

JUNE 1944
BACHELOR OF ARTS

In the Division of the Humanities
Edward French Babbott
J ane M arie Cox (High Honors)
Sue P emberton D avison
Catherine D oane
M argery F inigan D odson
Ruth H ide D ohi
Patricia Ely
H elen Louise Farnum
A my Green
Selden K irby-Sm ith
Evelyn J ones K line
Ann b W alton M iller
Faith N eum a nn (High Honors)

Caroline E lizabeth P aine
D oris E llen P arker
M argarita R obles F ernandez de
V illegas
M argaret An n Schroder (Honors)
Fred Crothers Selby, J r .
F rances W allin Shaw
E lmer A i T alcott , J r .
Catherine Rebecca T aylor
V irginia A n n e V ernon

(High Honors)
O ra Louise W illiams
G ladys W oolford

In the Division of the Social Sciences
H oward Bowman
St e p h e n P rice Bredin
Sarah Britt (Honors)
Marcia C. G auger (Honors)
E llen T hom pson J ennings
N ancy O lw en M organ

P hyllis An n N elson

(High Honors)
A n n Elizabeth P ike

(Highest Honors)
K athryn An n Shields
Beatrice J ones Stoalabarger
E lizabeth T waddell

(High Honors)
Ruth T hom pson M organ

(Highest Honors)

In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
J o h n Craige Adler
W illiam G ilmour Carson
W illiam W allace Clendenin
Edward W inslow Councill
Robert Lincoln Ehrm ann
E lizabeth D avies Gibson
J o h n H orace G ithens , J r .
Edith An n G raef
J uergen W ilhelm H eberlb

G eorge Armstrong H eise
W illiam Y oshio I nouye
H . W alter J ones
A nita K elley
Robert W aldo K ing , J r .
Catharine E leanor P reston
M arvin H unter Rowe
Robert Sheppard Sanford

BACHELOR

)F SCIENCE

In the Division of Engineering
F rank Akutowicz
Robert J uel Beck
H arry C. Boardman, J r .
W illiam P ope H uston
G eorge T oshio I nouye
Edward M cClung T hom pson J ones

T omomi M urakami
Frank H enry M ustin
H arry W illiam N eed, J r.
Robert N ichols Stauffer
A llen Kirby W h ite , II
J o h n Edward Z erbe

107

1944

OCTOBER

BACHELOR OF ARTS

In the Division of the Humanities
H elen E lizabeth Becker
J ulienne Brott
G retchen Chase

Suzanne F orwood
G ertrude Blood Seybold
Rachel A n n W right

In the Division of the Social Sciences
W inifred P eters Boak
M arjorie A n n e G riffin ( Honors)
Elizabeth Cate H oisington

M ary P riscilla H olmes

(High Honors)
J ean T albot P arker ( Honors)

In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences
H arriet J oan B ender
Craig Lyon Ben ja m in
Arthur M ilton D annenberg , J r .

W illiam T aylor Evans
M artha F uchs
W illiam N elson Stecher

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

In the Division of Engineering
Robert K entish A ndrews
G uy L eslie Cornman , J r .
Robert Earle Rath

D avid H ollister W in n e
J oseph Bernd W oodson

CERTIFICATES PRESENTED
TO THE CHINESE NAVAL UNIT
ju n e

C hang , H sin -M in
Chang , Y u
Ch 'ang , Y u -Kuei
C hao , T e-Chi
Ch ' e n , Ch e n -1
Ch ' en , K uo -Ch u n
Ch ' e n , W e n -H ui
Ch ' en , Y u -Sh u
Chlang, C hi -Sheng
Chiang , T a-Ching
Chlang, W bi-Pang
Ch ' ie n , Ch ie n -Y u eh
Ch 'ie n , En -Pei
Ch 'ie n , H uai-Yuan
Ch u , H ung -W en
Ch u , P ang -I

1944

Ch u , Sh u -P'ing
Ch u , T zu -Y u
H o, Sh ih -En
H sU, Sh ih -Fu
H u , Ching -T uan
H uang , Ch ih -Chibh
H uang , Ch ' ung J en
H uang , H si-Lin
H uang , Szu -Y en
Kao , Sh ih -Ta
K uan , M ing
Liang , T su -W en
Lin , Ch e n -M ing
Lin , Ch u n -Kuang
Lin , H ung -Y ung
Ling , K ' uei

108

Liu , F u
Du, Y ung

Lo, Hsu-Fu
Lo, T e-T ao
Lu, Ch in -M ing
Lung , Chia -M ei
M eng , H an -Chung
F ie n , P ao-Ch 'i
T ' ang , Y ung -K en
Ts'ur, Sh u -Y uan
Tu, H sien -Ch u n
W ang, M in -I
W ei, T ung -Sheng
W eng , Chia -Lai
Y eh , Y u -H u
Y en , Y ing

FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND
STUDENT AH)
FELLOW SHIPS

There are six fellowships offered to graduates of Swarthmore College.
Three fellowships are awarded annually by the faculty, on recom­
mendation of the Committee on Fellowships, to graduates of the college
for the pursuit of advanced work under the direction of the faculty or
with their approval. Applications for these fellowships are now con­
sidered by the committee three times a year, after the dates: January 1,
March 15, and August 15.
These fellowships are:
The H annah A. Leedom F ellowship of $500, founded by the
bequest of Hannah A. Leedom.
The J oshua Lippincott F ellowship of $600, founded by Howard
W. Lippincott, of the Class of 1875, in memory of his father.
The J ohn Lockwood M emorial F ellowship of $600, founded
by the bequest of Lydia A. Lockwood, New York, in memory of her
brother, John Lockwood. It was the wish of the donor that the fellow­
ship be awarded to a member of the Society of Friends.
The Lucretia M ott F ellowship, founded by the Somerville Lit­
erary Society and sustained by the contribution of its life members, has
yielded an annual income since its foundation of $525. It is awarded
each year by a committee of the faculty (selected by the society), with
the concurrence of the life members of the society, to a young woman
graduate of that year who is to pursue advance3 study at some other
institution approved by this committee.
The M artha E. T yson F ellowship, founded by the Somerville
Literary Society in 1913, is sustained by the contributions of life mem­
bers of the society and yields an income of $500 or more. It is awarded
biennially by a joint committee of the faculty and the society (elected
by the society) with the concurrence of the life members of the society
to a woman graduate of Swarthmore College, who has taught success­
fully for two years after her graduation and expects to continue teach­
ing. The recipient of the award is to pursue a course of study fitting her
for more efficient work in an institution approved by the Committee of
Award.
109

Sigma X i R esearch F ellowship. The Swarthmore Chapter of
Sigma XI appoints, from time to time, as funds are available, Fellows
with research grants with a maximum value of $1,000. The holders of
this fellowship are usually associates of the chapter who have shown
conspicuous ability in graduate studies. The purpose of the chapter in
awarding these fellowships is to relieve worthy students from teaching
and other distracting duties so that they may concentrate as much as
possible upon their research. Applications for these fellowships should
be made to the secretary of the chapter not later than the middle of
March. Appointments will be announced about the middle of April.
SCHOLARSHIPS

The A lumnae Scholarship, established by the Philadelphia and
New York Alumnae Clubs, is awarded on the same basis as the Open
Scholarships. It is awarded for one year and is valued at $500.
A lumni Scholarships. Occasional scholarships are provided for
men by Alumni clubs in cooperation with the college, on a regional
basis. Applications should be addressed to the Dean of Men.
Chinese Scholarships. The Chinese Naval Officers who attended
Swarthmore College in 1943-44 contributed so much to the life of the
institution as to interest an alumnus of the college and member of the
Board in the possibility of bringing other Chinese students here in
the future. He has established accordingly a scholarship fund of $1,000
a year which may be awarded to one student or divided between two.
Both men and' women are eligible to apply. Graduates of Chinese
universities as well as undergraduates will be considered, but prefer­
ence will be given t a those whose age and background promise to make
them easily adaptable to the life in a residential, undergraduate com­
munity. As long as travel from China continues to be difficult, applicants
now resident in the United States may apply, provided that they intend
to return to China after the war. Eventually it is hoped that scholarship
holders will come directly from China and return to work there, in
order that these awards may have the maximum use in increasing the
friendship and understanding between the two countries.
A scholarship may be renewed if the holder’s continued stay at
Swarthmore College would seem profitable, the maximum tenure being
eight terms. The academic program includes work in science, engineer­
ing and the liberal arts, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts or
110

Bachelor of Science. A catalogue giving full information will be sent
upon request. A candidate should apply by March before the fall in
which he wishes to enter.
The Chi O mega Scholarship was established by members and
friends of the Chi Omega Fraternity. The income provides an award
of approximately $225 annually to a member of the freshman class who
is in definite need of financial aid. Preference is given to daughters or
sons of members of the fraternity, but if in any year such a candidate
does not apply, the committee will select a freshman woman to receive
the award. Applications should be sent to the Office of the Deans before
January 1st of the year in which the award is to be made. A member
designated by the Fraternity serves on the Committee of Award.
Class Scholarships. T wo scholarships are offered to the highest
ranking student in the freshman and in the sophomore classes: the
Anson Lapham and the Samuel J. Underhill Scholarships. Each has the
value of $200, if won by a resident student; of $100, if won by a day
student.
The Class of 1915 Scholarship F und was established on the
occasion of the Twenty-fifth Reunion of the Class and provides an
income of approximately $435. This sum is to be awarded either to
freshmen or students in college, with preference given to descendants
of the members of the Class of 1915. The Comptroller, the Deans and
members of the Class of 1915 designated by Mr. McCabe shall consti­
tute the Committee of Award.
The Sarah K aighn Cooper Scholarship, founded by Sallie K.
Johnson in memory of her grandparents, Sarah Kaighn and Sarah
Cooper, is awarded to a man in the Junior Class who is judged by the
faculty to have had, since entering College, the best record for scholar­
ship, character, and influence. The value of this scholarship is approx­
imately $225 annually.
Friends’ College Scholarships. Swarthmore College, with a group
of other Friends’ Colleges, has established two kinds of scholarships:
(1) to assist Friends discharged from C.P.S. camps to continue their
education; (2) to enable students from the smaller Friends’ Colleges
to spend a year at one of the three cooperating colleges in the Philadel­
phia area: Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore. These scholarships
will be granted in varying amounts according to nOed and ability.
I ll

The J oseph E. G illingham F und , with-an annual income of ap­
proximately $2,250, was bequeathed to the College in 1907 with the
stipulation, "I request but I do not direct that part of the income of
this legacy may be used for free scholarships for meritorious students.”
The Aaron B. I vins Scholarship is awarded annually to a young
man of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Overbrook,
Philadelphia. It is awarded under the following conditions: The recip­
ient must have been a student at Friends Central for at least two years,
he must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around
student in his class desirous of entering Swarthmore College. This
scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends Central School, and
subject to the approval of Swarthmore College, has the value of approx­
imately $450 for a resident student and a maximum of $400 for a
non-resident student.
The G eorge K. and Sallie K. J ohnson F und provides $450 a
year, to be used, at the discretion of the President of the College, in
granting financial aid to young women during their senior year, it being
the donor’s desire that the President must be satisfied that the applicant
is fitted to become a desirable teacher.
The income of the K appa A lpha T heta Scholarship F und , given
by members and friends of the Kappa Alpha Theta Fraternity at Swarth­
more, is awarded annually to a woman student. The award amounts to
approximately $125 annually. One or more members of the fraternity
who are on the Board of Managers serve on the Committee of Award.
The J essie Stevenson K ovalenko Scholarship F und , the gift of
Michael S. Kovalenko in memory of his wife, provides an annual income
of $225. This sum is to be awarded to a student in the Department of
Astronomy.
The M ary T. Longstreth Scholarship was founded by Rebecca
C. Longstreth in memory of her Mother and is to be awarded annually
"at the discretion of the President of the College to assist a young
woman student to pursue her studies in the College.”
M emorial Scholarships in Classics and A ncient H istory. In
memory of William Hyde Appleton, Ferris W. Price, and Walter
Dennison, Professors of Classics at Swarthmore College prior to 1917,
two scholarships are offered, one to a man, one to a woman who desires
to specialize in Greek, Latin, Classics, or Ancient History. Each award
112

normally carries a stipend of $200 a term. The scholarships are com­
petitive. In addition to the requirements for the Open Scholarships, the
candidate must make a high rating in a competitive Latin Reading test
set by the Department of Classics.
The J ames E. M iller Scholarship provides an annual income of
approximately $340 which may be applied toward the payment of
board and tuition of students of Delaware County (preference to be
given to residents of Nether Providence Township). The ChesterCambridge Trust Company acts as Trustee of this fund and selects the
holder of the scholarship, in consultation with the Superintendent of
Schools of Delaware County and of the City of Chester, and subject to
the approval of Swarthmore College.
O pen Scholarships for M en . Swarthmore College awards annually
five four-year scholarships of $500 a year to men entering the freshman
class. These scholarships, based on the general plan of the Rhodes
Scholarships, are given to candidates who, in the opinion of the Com­
mittee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality.
All candidates are required to take the Scholastic Aptitude and Achieve­
ment Tests given by the College Board. Blanks with further information
may be obtained from the admissions office of the college.
O pen Scholarships for W om en . Mr. and Mrs. Daniel S. White,
of the Class of 1875, on the .occasion of the Fiftieth Reunion of that
class, established three open competitive scholarships for women, in
the names of Howard White, Jr., Serena B. White, and Walter W.
Green. These scholarships are given to candidates who, in the opinion
of the Committee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and
personality. Each award normally carries an annual stipend of $500
and is tenable for four years. All candidates are required to take the
Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests given by the College Board.
Blanks with further information may be obtained from the admissions
office of the college.
The H arriet W. Paiste F und is limited by the following words
from the donor’s will: "the interest to be applied annually to the edu­
cation of female members of our Society of Friends (holding their
Yearly Meeting at Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia) whose
limited means would exclude them from enjoying the advantages of an
education at the college.” The value of this scholarship is approximately
$360 annually.
113

The T. H. D udley P erkins M emorial Scholarship is awarded
annually to a young man selected by a committee of the faculty ap­
pointed by the President of the college for the purpose. The award
will be made on the basis of qualities of manhood, force of character
and leadership; literary and scholastic ability; physical vigor as shown
by participation in out-of-doors sports or in other ways.
H ie W illiam P lumer P otter F und for the Encouragement
of P ublic Speaking provides an income of approximately $225 to be
used for scholarships to upperclass students demonstrating proficiency
in the discussion of public affairs. Juniors and seniors interested in the
scholarship should register with Dean Hunt. Competitors submit these
on public questions to a Faculty Committee and also present their main
conclusions orally, after which they are cross-examined.
The M ary Coates P reston Scholarship F und . A sum of money
has been left by will of Elizabeth Coates, the annual interest of which
will be about $450. This amount is given as a scholarship to a young
woman student in Swarthmore College, preferably to a relative of the
donor.
The W illiam G. and M ary N. Serrill H onors Scholarship is a
competitive Honors Scholarship for Men, awarded to a candidate for
admission to the college, based upon the general plan of the Rhodes
Scholarships. It is tenable for four years, subject to the maintenance of
a high standing in college. The annual stipend is $375. Preference will
be given to men who are residents of Abington Township, including
Jenkintown and Glenside. Montgomery County, Pa., but if there is no
outstanding candidate from this locality, the scholarship will be open
to competition generally.
The A n n ie Shoemaker Scholarship is granted' annually to a
young woman of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Over­
brook, Philadelphia. The recipient must have been a student at Friends
Central for at least two years, she must have good health, high grades,
and must be the best all-around student in her class desirous of entering
Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends
Central School, and subject to the approval of Swarthmore College, has
the value of $500 for a resident student and $400 for a day student.
The H elen E. W. Squier Scholarship, originally one of the
Anson Lapham Scholarships, is awarded annually by Mrs. Chester
Robert's, of Swarthmore, to a Student in need of financial aid.
114

The J onathan K. T aylor Scholarship, in accordance with the
donor’s will, is awarded by the Board of Trustees of the Baltimore
Monthly Meeting of Friends. This scholarship is first open to descend­
ants of the late Jonathan K. Taylor. Then, while preference is to be
given to members of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends, it is
not" to be confined to them when suitable persons in membership can­
not be found. The value of this scholarship is approximately $472.50
annually.
The P hebe A nna T horne F und provides an income of approx­
imately $2,250 for scholarships for students needing pecuniary assist­
ance whose previous work has demonstrated their earnestness and their
ability. This gift includes a clause of preference to those students who
are members of the New York Monthly Meeting of Friends. These
scholarships are awarded by the college under the regulations fixed by
the board.
The W estbury Q uarterly M eeting , N. Y., Scholarship,
amounting to $350, is awarded annually by a committee of that
Quarterly Meeting.
The Samuel W illets F und yields an income of approximately
$4,500 annually, "to be applied to educate in part or in whole such
poor and deserving children as the Committee on Trusts, Endowments
and Scholarships of said college may from time to time judge and
determine to be entitled thereto."
In addition to the above fund, Samuel Willets gave scholarships in
the name of his children, Frederick W illets, Edward W illets,
W alter W illets, and Caroline W. F rame. These scholarships have
the value of $225 each. They are awarded by the respective parties,
their heirs or assigns, or in the event that the heirs do not exercise their
right, by the college authorities.
The I. V. W illiamson Scholarships. Ten scholarships of the value
of $150 each for resident students and $75 for day students are offered
to graduates ®f designated Friends schools, under the following con­
ditions:
Candidates must apply to the Office of the Deans at the college
before March first.
Candidates must take the scholarship examinations given by the
College Entrance Examination Board. The results of these examina­
tions, together with other evidence of achievement and promise, will
determine the ward.
115

The scholarships are distributed as follows: two each to graduates of
Friends Central and George School, one in the boys’ and one in the
girls’ department; and one each to New York Friends Seminary, Balti­
more Friends School, Wilmington Friends School, Moorestown Friends
School, Friends Academy at Locust Valley, Sidwells Friends School
and Brooklyn Friends School.
Any income not utilized in accordance with these conditions is used
for free scholarships in accordance with the will of the donor.
, The Edward Clarkson W ilson Scholarship. A scholarship with
an annual value of $125 has been established at Swarthmore by friends
of Edward Clarkson Wilson, ’91, formerly Principal of the Baltimore
Friends School. It will be awarded each year to a former student of the
Baltimore Friends School, who has been approved by the faculty of
the school, on the basis of high character and high standing in scholar­
ship. In any year when there is no outstanding candidate from the
students of the Baltimore Friends School, the scholarship may be
awarded to another young man or woman who shall meet the required
standards and who is approved by the school faculty and the college.
The M ary W ood F und is limited by the following words from the
donor’s will: "the income thereof to be, by the proper officers thereof,
applied to the maintenance and education at said college of one female
student therein, one preparing for the avocation of a teacher to be pre­
ferred as the beneficiary, but in all other respects the application of
the income of said fund to be in the absolute discretion of the college.”
The value of this scholarship is approximately $62.50 annually.
Earh of the following funds yields annually about $225 and is
awarded at the discretion of the college to students needing pecuniary
aid:
The Barclay G. Atkinson Scholarship F und .
The R ebecca M. A tkinson Scholarship F und .
The W illiam D orsey Scholarship F und .
The G eorge Ellsler Scholarship F und .
The T homas L. Leedom Scholarship F und .
The Sarah E. Lippincott Scholarship F und .
The M ark E. R eeves Scholarship Fund .
The J oseph T. Sullivan Scholarship F und .
The D eborah F. W harton Scholarship F und .
The T homas W oodnutt Scholarship F und .
116

STUDENT AID

From General Funds
In addition to the scholarships listed above, three kinds of assistance
are provided from general college funds: honorary scholarships, college
jobs, and grants-in-aid.
H onorary Scholarships are granted in recognition of good scho­
lastic standing and financial need.
College J obs afford opportunities to earn money by regular work
at current wage rates in one of the college offices, shops, laboratories
or libraries. A student may hold a "college job” in addition to a
scholarship or a grant-in-aid and commonly receives notice of both
types of assignment at the same time.
G rants-in -aid, to a limited number, may be awarded to students of
average scholastic standing and financial need who could not earn all
they need without serious detriment to their academic work.
(O utside Employment . Students themselves operate various agen­
cies and services and employ new students each year. Residents of the
borough of Swarthmore often send requests for services to the college
which cooperates in making these opportunities known to students.
Many students secure profitable employment entirely on their own
initiative.)
From Special Loan Funds
Several loan funds are administered by a committee to which appli­
cation should be made through the comptroller of the college.
T he Class of 1913 Loan F und was established by the Class of
1913 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be
used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes.
Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, the loans
to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent.
T he Class of 1916 Loan F und was established by the Class of
1916 at their twenty-fifth reunion. The fund is designed to provide
117

loans to senior students, preferably descendants of members of the
Class of 1916, or to other students at the discretion of the administering
committee. The loans are repayable not later than five years after gradu­
ation, with interest at the rate of four percent.
T h e C l a s s o f 1917 S t u d e n t L o a n R e v o l v i n g F u n d was estab­
lished by the Class of 1917 at their twenty-fifth reunion. The fund is
designed to provide loans for needy students who are accelerating their
college work due to the war emergency, and the Class of 1917 has pro­
vided that at the conclusion of the present war, this fund shall be
utilized in connection with such general purposes as the committee
shall deem advisable.

The J o h n A. M i l l e r L o a n F u n d was established by the Class of
1912 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be
used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes.
Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, such loans
to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent.
The P a u l M. P e a r s o n L o a n F u n d was established by a number of
Dr. Pearson’s friends as a memorial for perpetuating his life and spirit.
Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repayable
not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of
four percent.
The S w a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e S t u d e n t L o a n F u n d was established
by Mr. Clarence J. Gamble, who, feeling such a fund to be of unusual
benefit to worthy students, gave a sum to the college on condition that
the board should set aside an equal amount to be added to the fund.
Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repayable
not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of
four percent.
The E l l i s D. W i l l i a m s F u n d . By the will of Ellis D. Williams,
a legacy of $25,000 was left to the college, the income from which is
to be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after
graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent.
118

SPECIAL AWARDS

The I vy M edal F u n d was created by a gift from Owen Moon, '94.
The income of the fund is used to purchase a medal which is placed
in the hands of the faculty for award on Commencement Day to a male
member of the graduating class. The regulations governing the award
are as follows:
(1) The qualifications for the Ivy Medal are similar to those for the Rhodes
Scholarships and include (a) qualities of manhood, force of character, and
leadership; (b) literary and scholastic ability and attainments. These have been
phrased by the donor in the words "leadership' based upon character and
scholarship."
(2) It is the wish of the donor that the medal should not be awarded on a
mere basis of averages. Instead, it is desired that the winner should be a man
who gives promise of distinction either in character or in intellectual attain­
ments, as opposed to a man who has merely made the most of mediocre abilities.
(3) On the other hand, it is the wish of the donor that the medal should
not go to a man who, while showing excellence in some one respect, has fallen
seriously below the standard in others.

The O a k L ea f M edal was established by David Dwight Rowlands
of the Class of 1909. It was later permanently endowed in memory of
him by Hazel C. Rowlands, ’07, and Caroline A. Lukens, ’98. The
medal is placed in the hands of the faculty to be awarded each year to
the woman member of the Senior Class who is outstanding for loyalty,
scholarship and service.
The M cC abe E n g in e e r in g A ward , founded by Thomas B. McCabe,
1915, is to be presented each year to the outstanding engineering stu­
dent in the Senior Class. The recipient is chosen by a committee of the
faculty of the Division of Engineering.
The C r a n e P r ize , a memorial to Charles E. Crane, Jr., of the Class
of 1936, is an award of about $20, given for the purchase of philo­
sophical books, and presented annually to the junior who, in the opin­
ion of the department, has done the best work in Philosophy.
119

The A. E d w a r d N e w t o n L i b r a r y P r i z e , endowed by A. Edward
Newton, to make permanent the Library Prize first established by
W . W . Thayer, is awarded annually to that undergraduate who, in the
opinon of the Committee of Award, shows the best and most intelli­
gently chosen collection of books upon any subject. Particular emphasis
is laid in the award, not merely upon the size of the collection but also
upon the skill with which the books are selected and upon the owner’s
knowledge of their subject-matter.
The K a t h e r i n e B. S i c a r d P r i z e , endowed by the Delta Gamma
Fraternity in memory of Katherine B. Sicard, ex ’34, is awarded an­
nually to the freshman woman who, in the opinion of the department,
shows greatest proficiency in English.
P u b l i c S p e a k i n g C o n t e s t s . Prizes for annual contests in public
speaking are provided by two funds as follows: The E l l a F r a n c e s
B u n t i n g E x t e m p o r a r y S p e a k i n g F u n d awards $45 in six prizes,
three for men and three for women, for die best extemporaneous short
speeches. The O w e n M o o r e F u n d provides the Delta Upsilon Speak­
ing Contest prizes totalling $25 for the best prepared speeches on topics

of current interest.
The G e o r g e F o x A w a r d of $100 is presented annually by an
anonymous friend of the College to the undergraduate who writes the
best essay on some phase of the history or testimonies of the Society of
Friends.
The E l i z a b e t h F r y A w a r d of $50, together with an autographed
copy of Janet Payne Whitney’s biography of Elizabeth Fry, is presented
annually by an anonymous friend of the College to the undergraduate
who writes the best essay on some aspect of the social attitudes and activ­
ities of some Quaker individual or group, preferably of recent times.
The J o h n R u s s e l l H a y e s P o e t r y P r i z e s are of a value of approx­
imately $25 for a first prize, and $15 for a second prize, offered for the
best original poem or for a translation from any language. Manuscripts
should be ready by April 1 of each year.

120

INDEX
Absence from Examination, 44
Accelerated Program, 24
Administrative Officers, 19
Admissions Procedure, 33
New Time Table, 35
' Scholastic Aptitude and
Achievement Tests, 33, 35
Subject Requirements, 34
Advanced Standing, 33
Advisers, 26, 41
Alumnae Scholarship, 110
Alumni Field, 126
Alumni Scholarships, 110
Arthur Hoyt Scott Auditorium, 126
Astronomical Observatories, 82
Astronomy and Mathematics,
Courses in, 77
Atkinson Scholarship, Barclay G., 116
Atkinson Scholarship, Rebecca M., 116
Attendance at Classes and Collec­
tion, 43
Automobiles, Regulation Against, 45
Awards, 119

Bachelor of Arts Degree, 32
Bachelor of Science Degree, 32
Barnard,. George Grey, Collection, 39
Beardsley Hall, 126
Benjamin West House, 126
Benjamin West Society, 39

Chemistry, Hall of
Dormitories
Field House
Hall Gymnasium (for Men)
Hicks Hall
Isaac H. Clothier Memorial
library Building
Martin, Edward, Biological
Laboratory
Meeting House
Palmer Hall
Pittenger Hall
Parrish Hall
Roberts Hall
Scott, Arthur Hoyt, Auditorium
Somerville Hall (Gymnasium for
Women)
Sproul Observatory
Students’ Observatory
Swimming Pools
Thomas House
Trotter Hall
Wharton Hall
Woolman House
Worth Hall
Bunting, Ella Frances, Extemporaneous
Speaking Contest, 120

Calendar, College , 5

Lunar, 4
Chemistry, Courses in, 49
Chinese Scholarships, 110
Chi Omega Scholarship, 111
Churches, 40
Classical Scholarships, 112
Class Lodges, Women’s, 126
Class of 1913 Loan Fund, 117
Class of 1915 Scholarship Fund, 111
Class of 1916 Loan Fund, 117
Class of 1917 Loan Fund, 118
Class Scholarships, 111

Board of M anagers, 7

Committees, 8
Bond Memorial, 126
Botany, Courses in, 47
Buildings, 126, 127
Activities and Class Lodges
Astronomical Observatories
Bartol Foundation Building
Bassett Dormitory
Beardsley Hall
Benjamin West House
Bond Memorial

121

Classics, Courses in, 52
Clothier Memorial, 126
Collection, 40
Collection Attendance, 43
College Entrance Examinations, 33, 35
College Jobs, 117
College Life, 40
Committees of the Board of Mana­
gers, 8
Committees of the Faculty, 22
Comprehensive Examinations, 28
Conditions, 43
Contents, Table of, 3
Cooper, Sarah Kaighn, Scholarship,
111

Cooper, William J., Foundation, 38
Cooperation with Nearby Institutions,
23
Corporation, 7
Course Advisers, 26
Courses of I nstruction : 46
Botany, 47
Chemistry, 49
Classics, 52

Economics, 55
Engineering, 57
Navy V-12 Curricula, 57
Civil, 60
Electrical, 62
Mechanical, 64
English, 66
Fine Arts, 70
German, 72
History, 74
Mathematics and Astronomy, 77
Music, 83
Philosophy and Religion, 84
Physical Education for Men, 87
Physical Education for Women,
88

Physics, 90
Political Science, 91
Psychology and Education, 93
Romance Languages, 96
Zoology, 99
122

Crane Prize, 119
Curators of Biddle Memorial Library,
21

Cutting, Bronson M., Collection, 39

D egrees, 32

Advanced Engineering, 32
Bachelor of Arts, 32
Bachelor of Science, 32
Master of Arts, 32
Master of Science, 32
Degrees Conferred, 105
Delta Upsilon Prize, 120
Dining Room, 40
Divisions and Departments, 18
Dormitories, 40
Dorsey Scholarship, William, 116

Economics, Courses in, 55
Education, Physical, 87, 88
Educational Aims, 23
Educational Resources, 37
Engineering, Courses in, 57
Engineering, Degrees in, 32
English, Courses in, 66
Entrance Requirements, 33
Examination Regulations, 44
Examinations, College Board, 33, 35
Exclusion from College, 45
Expenses, 36
Extra and Prescribed Work, Commit­
tee on, 44

Faculty, 9
Faculty Regulations, 43
Fees, Tuition, Laboratory, etc., 36
Fellowships, List of, 109
Field House, 126
Fine Arts, Courses in, 70
Foreign Language Requirements, 27,
34
Fox, George, Award, 120

Fraternity Lodges, Men’s, 126
French, Courses in, 96
Friends’ College Scholarships, i l l
Friends Historical Library, 37
Friends Meeting, 40
Fry, Elizabeth, Award, 120

Political Science, 92
Psychology, 94
Spanish, 98
Zoology, 101
Housing, 40

Geographical Distribution of Stu­
dents, 103
German Language and Literature,
Courses in, 72
Gillingham, Fund, Joseph E., 112
Grades, 43
Graduation, Requirements for, 28
Greek Language and Literature,
Courses in, 52

Infirmaries, 41
Italian, Courses in, 97
Ivins Scholarship, Aaron B., 112
Ivy Medal, 119

Johnson Fund, George K. and Sallie
K., 112

Kappa Alpha Theta Scholarship Fund,
112

Hayes, John Russell, Poetry Prizes,
120

Health, 41
Hicks Hall, 126
History, Courses in, 74
H onors W o rk , 29

Admission to, 31
Combinations of Majors and
Minors, 30
Examiners, 16, 17
General Statement, 29
Offered by the Departments of:
Botany, 48
Chemistry, 50
Classics, 54
Economics, 56
English, 68
Fine Arts, 71
French, 98
German, 73
History, 75
Mathematics and Astronomy,
80, 81
Music, 83
Philosophy, 85
Physics, 90

Lapham Scholarship, Anson, 111
Latin Language and Literature, Courses
in, 52
Leedom Fellowship, Hannah A., 109
Leedom Scholarship, Thomas L., 116
Libraries, 37

College, 37
Friends Historical, 37
Lippincott Fellowship, Joshua, 109
Lippincott Scholarship, Sarah E., 116
Loans, 117
Lockwood Memorial Fellowship, John,
109
Longstreth Scholarship, Mary T., 112

M anagers , B oard

o f,

7

Committees, 8
Map of College Grounds, 126, 127
Martin, Edward Biological Laboratory,
126
Mathematics and Astronomy, Courses,
77

123

McCabe Engineering Award, 119
Meeting House, 40
Men’s Executive Committee, 42
Miller, Scholarship, James E., 113
Miller, Loan Fund, John A., 118
Mott Fellowship, Lucretia, 42, 109

Preston Scholarship
Coates, 114

Cooperation with Civilian Stu­
dents, 24
Designation of Courses in V-12
Curricula, 46
Housing of, 24, 40
Infirmary for, 41
Instruction of, 24
Personnel directing, 15
Size of, 24
Newton, A. Edward, Library Prize,

Oak Leaf Medal, 119
Observatories, Astronomical, 82
Open Scholarships for Men, 113
Open Scholarships for Women, 113

Paiste Fund, Harriet, 113
Parrish Hall, 40, 126
Pearson, Paul M., Loan Fund, 118
Perkins Memorial Scholarship, T. H.
Dudley, 114
Philosophy and Religion, Courses in,
84
Physical Education for Men, 87
Physical Education for Women, 88
Physical Education Requirements, 87,
88

Physics, Courses in, 90
Political Science, Courses in, 91
Potter Scholarship, William Plumer,
114
Pre-Medical Program, 102

Mary

P rogram , T h e Studbnt ’s, 26

N aval U n i t :

120

Fund,

For Freshmen and Sophomores,
27
For Juniors and Seniors, 28
Honors Work, 29
Work in Courses, 28
Psychology and Education, Courses in,
93
Public Speaking Prizes, 120

Reeves Scholarship, Mark E., 116
Religion and Philosophy, Courses in,
84
Religious Life, 40
Requirements for Admission, 33
Requirements for Graduation, 26
Work of First Two Years, 27
Work of Last Two Years, 28
Romance Languages, Courses in, 96
Scholarships, List of, 110
Scholastic Aptitude Test, 33, 35
Scott, Arthur Hoyt, Horticultural
Foundation, 39
Serrill Scholarship, Wm. G. and Mary
N., 114
Shoemaker Scholarship, Annie, 114
Sicard Prize, Katharine B., 120
Sigma Xi Fellowship, 110
Social Committee, 42
Somerville Forum, 42
Spanish, Courses in, 97
Special Awards, 119
Sproul Observatory, 82
Squier Scholarship, Helen E. W., 114
States, Summary of Students by, 103
Student Aid, 117
Student Council, 42
Student Welfare, 41
Students’ Handbook, 42
Sullivan Scholarship, Joseph T., 116
Summer School Work, 44

124

Swarthmore College Student
Fund, 118
Swarthmore Field, 126
Swimming Pools, 126

Loan

Taylor Scholarship, Jonathan K., 115
Thorne Fund, Phebe Anna, 115
Trotter Hall, 126
Tuition and Other Fees, 36
Tyson Fellowship, Martha E., 42, 109

Westbury Quarterly Meeting Scholar­
ship, 115
Wharton Hall, 126
Wharton Scholarship, Deborah F., 116
White Open Scholarships for Women,
113
Willets Fund, Samuel, 115
William J. Cooper Foundation, 38
Williams, Ellis D., Fund, 118
Williamson, I. V., Scholarships, 115
Wilson, Edward Clarkson, Scholarship,
116

V-12 Program, 24
Veterans, Policy Toward, 25
Vocational Advice, 41

Women’s Student Government Asso­
ciation, 42
Wood Fund, Mary, 116
Woodnut Scholarship, Thomas, 116
Woolman House, 126
Worth Hall, 126

War-Time Adjustments, 24
War Degrees, 24

Zoology, Courses in, 99

Underhill Scholarship, Samuel J., I l l

125

1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10

11
12
13

W h a r to n H a ll
S p r o u l O b s e r v a to r y
H a ll G y m n a s iu m .
P a rrish H a ll
H o c k e y F ie ld
T e n n is C o u r ts
B e a r d s le y H a ll
S c ie n c e H a ll
S o m e r v ille G y m n a s iu m
C o lle g e L ib r a r y a n d
F r ie n d s H isto r ic a l
L ib r a r y
T h e H a ll o 1 C h e m is tr y
S tu d e n ts O b s e r v a to r y
T h e B e n ja m in W e s t

House
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

32 P h i D e lta T h e ta
F ra te r n ity L o d g e
33 B o n d M e m o r ia l a n d
W o m e n 's C la s s a n d
A c tiv itie s L o d g e s
B a rto l F o u n d a tio n
L a b o r a to r y
C lo th ie r M e m o r ia l
A m p h ith e a tr e
E m p lo y e e s ' H o u s e s
F ie ld House
P a lm e r , P itte n g e r a n d
R o b e r ts H a lls
E d w a r d M a rtin
B io lo g ic a l L a b o r a to r y
B a s s e tt H o u s e
A r th u r H o y t S c o tt A u d i
to riu m

T h e M e e tin g H o u s e
F a c u lty H o u s e s
T h e P r e s id e n t's H o u s e
S w a r th m o r e F ie ld
A lu m n i F ie ld
P o w e r P la n t
E m p lo y e e s ' D o r m ito r y
T h é S w im m in g P o o ls
W h ittie r H o u s e
B ook a n d K ey H ouse
H ic k s H a ll
T h e R a ilr o a d S ta tio n
P h i K a p p a P si F r a te r n ity
Lodge
D e lta U p silo n F r a te r n ity
Lodge
Phi S ig m a K a p p a
F r a te r n ity L o d g e
K a p p a S ig m a F r a te r n ity
Lodge
W o r th D o r m ito r y
W o o lm a n H o u s e

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