Swarthmore College Alumni Bulletin 1944-09-01

Volume IX

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Number I
September, 1944

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ANOTHER S U M M E R S E SSIO N
1

By F r a n k K i l l e

D uring Everett Hunt’s absence from the College Frank Kille is Acting
Dean of Men. Mr. Kille is a graduate of the College of Wooster in Ohio
(his home state). At the University of Chicago he received both his M.S.
and P h D . In 1934 he came to Swarthmore as Instructor in Zoology, and
since has advanced to the rank of Associate Professor. In addition to a
long list of scientific society memberships he is a member of Sigma X , and
Phi Beta Kappa. Always a favorite with both students and faculty, Mr.
Kille’s new duties make possible his serving the College in another very
important administrative capacity.

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C W A R T H M O R E COLLEGE opened its third summer
term with an enrolment of 95 women, 83 civilian
men, and 292 Navy V-12 trainees. They are housed
respectively in» Parrish; Palmer-—Pittenger— Roberts;
and W harton. A unique feature of the enrolment is
the large number of students who are in their first term,
namely, 13 women, 45 civilian men, and 146 Navy
V-12 trainees. W hat the newcomers may lack by way
of thorough indoctrination in Swarthmore’s traditions,
they more than make up for in buoyancy and originality.
Since they are supposed to be students of quality, it is a
safe guess that new traditions will be established.
W ith roughly one in every three students new to
Swarthmore, it is to be expected that this unusual situa­
tion would be reflected in the various activities. For
example, two of the four members of the Men’s Execu­
tive Committee are now first term students. The frater­
nities have just concluded one of the liveliest rushing
seasons in many years, pledging about 50 per cent of the
first term men. Roughly 80 per cent of the new pledges
are Navy men.
Those activities which depend on large numbers of
experienced participants have faced the greatest difficul­
ties but in nearly all instances they are surviving as a
result of extra labor on the part of a few older students
coupled with the enthusiastic assistance of many others.
At first it looked as if the PH O E N IX would be a war­
time casualty but it appeared on July 11th and has ap­
peared weekly ever since, neat and compact in a new
war-time format. Men still outnumber women reporters
five-to-two, though the draft boards work hard at
striking a balance. The Swarthmore Network continues
to interest a large group. The summer offerings, though
somewhat curtailed, are being used wisely as a training
program for personnel in preparation for expansion in
the fall term. Panel discussions on controversial topics,
a Cavalcade of Great Dramas and well-selected programs
of excellent music 'make up the programs which are
broadcasted two nights a week from the studios in the
west wing of Trotter.
Dramatics have experienced a sudden revival. Besides

the Swarthmore Network outlet, the Little Theatre Club
has inaugurated a special Wednesday supper group for
the Navy men. Their productions will form a Collec­
tion program later in the term. Laboratory Theatre
productions, make-up classes, variety shows and vaude­
ville productions have emerged, backed by a large student
production staff.
Student musicians make their contribution, each to
his own liking. Dr. Dresden’s musical teas are well
attended. Though the group is smaller, nearly every
one who comes in these days is a participant. In contrast,
another college swing orchestra, led by a first-term
civilian, has appeared for Tuesday night dancing in the
Commons. The Navy Unit has placed a 32-piece band
on the field for their reviews, and later in the term they
will present a Collection program. In addition, the col­
lege chorus and orchestra are continuing in spite of the
reduced enrolment.
Twilight baseball draws sizable crowds to the diamond.
The team has benefited greatly from Navy V-12 con­
tributions though not primarily by big-name athletes,
This same situation pertains in football practice to which
some 45 men are now regularly reporting. The civilian
men of the student body continue to play a valuable
part in all sports even though greatly in the minority.
Incidentally, those men who are not out for varsity
sports have welcomed the new program launched during
the present term by the physical education department,
as a great improvement over our old plan. Under this
new arrangement, the number of weekly periods in
swimming and physical fitness exercises are set for the
individual student according to his need as determined
by certain tests and a physical examination.
The new Commons in old Collection Hall enjoys
increased popularity during these summer weeks, not
only because of the ice cream, cold drinks and the juke­
box, but because it is a cool and comfortably furnished
room. Co-ed, faculty-student, and group swimming
parties rival it as an aid in forgetting the record-breaking
heat of this July and August.
(Continued on Page 5)

Entered as second-class matter January 10, 1941, at the post office at Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, under the Act of August 24, 1912.

Cover Photo by E. Gunther Reuning, ’40

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3

THE SPROUL O BSER V A TO R Y

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>"pHE founding of the Sproul Observatory resulted
directly from the appointment of John A. Miller
as professor of mathematics and astronomy at Swarthmore College. His requirement of a large telescope was
fulfilled in 1907 by the gift of William C. Sproul, ’91,
later Governor of Pennsylvania and a former pupil of
Susan J. Cunningham, the first professor of mathematics
and astronomy at the College. The telescope, built by
the John A. Brashear Co., Ltd., was completed in the
summer of 1911 and mounted the following December.
The objective lense was made from a crown glass disk
furnished by the Parra-Mantois firm of Paris, France,
and a flint glass disk furnished by Schott and Genossen
of Jena, Germany. Optical tests have shown the finished
disks to be as nearly perfect as possible. The lense is
24 inches in diameter and has a focal length of 36 feet,
making the Sproul refractor one of the leading astronom­
ical instruments of its kind.

In the beginning of this century, Frank Schlesinger
demonstrated the photographic power of the long-focus
achromatic refractor for measuring small angular dis­
placements of stars with great precision. Using the
earth’s orbit as a base line, Schlesinger surveyed stellar
i to distances with an accuracy hitherto not approached.
well Following Schlesinger’s initiative, Dr. Miller and his
very associates proved the value of the Sproul telescope for
rast, this problem, and the significance of their results were
:erm recognized internationally. A few other observatories,
the principally in the United States, also began to use their
>and long-focus telescopes for determining stellar distances;
they a division of labor was arranged, the Sproul Observatory
col- limiting its study mostly to double or "binary” stars.
the This choice of program has left its imprint on all sub­
sequent work at Swarthmore. Several hundred stellar
distances were determined by Dr. Miller, John H. Pitman
ond.
(Swarthmore M.A., 1911) and others; the Sproul astron-

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omers also derived numerous stellar masses by studying
the orbital motion effected by the mutual gravitational
influence of binary components.
W e briefly mention the Swarthmore research on our
own star, the sun, carried out at several eclipse expedi­
tions to various parts of the earth. Here Dr. Miller had
the able support of Dr. Ross W . Marriott (Swarthmore
M.A., ’0 7 ), who also took an important part in the early
observations with the Sproul telescope. A valuable con­
tribution to physical astronomy was made in the years
1934-1938 by Dr. John S. Hall, now of Amherst College,
who studied the problem of stellar radiation with the
Sproul refractor.
In 1937 Peter van de Kamp took over the directorship
of the Sproul Observatory. The value of the large col­
lection of photographic plates, covering 25 years at the
time, was fully appreciated; the original program was
not changed but amended in accordance with new needs
and new opportunities. While a few decades ago a
double star was considered an exceptional system as
compared with the general run of single stars, a different
point of view had gradually emerged. Accurate studies
of representative samples of the stellar population re­
vealed a much higher percentage of double and multiple
stars. In addition, the astronomer’s mind had become
more receptive to the existence of an unseen world of
stellar and possibly planetary companions of stars.
The Sproul Observatory proceeded on the assumption
that the single stars might well be the exception and that
many stars only appear single because their possible
companion stars or planets are too feeble or close to
their primaries to be observed directly. W e adopted the
most effective way of discovering such relatively dark
companion objects, at least in our neighborhood, through
a study of the star’s motion across the sky. If the star
(Continued on Page 6)

the

4

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WAR CASUALTY LIST Cl
URIN G the last sixty days the Alumni Office has

D

First

Lieutenant

Philip

E.

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received word of five more Swarthmoreans who

have given their lives in the service of their country—
and another who is reported missing in action.

This

brings the Swarthmore casualty list to 16 killed, 4 miss­

approval of war as a method of
settling arguments. Paradoxically, when it came time to en-

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tion
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ing, and 3 prisoners of war.
Lt. John H. Stokes, Tr., 30,
lost his life on June 6, 1944,
when a German long-range 88
millimeter gun made a direct
hit during the landing of the
first wave of troops on D-day.
John was commissioned in May,
1942, and Avas first stationed
at Cape May, New Jersey.
From that point he moved to
Newport, and the Philadelphia
Navy Yard where he took special work with landing
craft. He left Norfolk in April, 1943, and served in
the African Campaign. Later he was beachmaster in
the invasions of Sicily and Salerno. W hile serving in
this same capacity in Normandy he met with his fatal
On April 12, 1944, Thomas
Perry, ’37, was killed while
flying his third mission over
Germany. After leaving
Swarthmore, Tom entered law
school at the University of Cali­
fornia. He received his degree
in May, 1941, and five months
later was admitted to the prac­
tice of law in California. In
November, 1942, he enlisted
in the Army Air Corps and a year later received his
commission. At the time of his accident he was a naviga­
tor on a B-24. He had been based in England since
February, 1944.
W e have just received word of the deaths of
Lt. John P. Sanderson ’40 U.S.N.R. and Pfc John
M. Ogden, Jr. ’43 both of whom were recently
killed in action. No further details are available
as we go to press.

fighting must be done, he might
to s<
as well be where he could do
I was
the most good. He entered the service April, 1942, am the f
began training in July. In January, 1944, he left thi enter
country and saw his first action on Namur Island in thi in A
Marshalls. In addition to commanding a platoon he wa bom]
in charge of the 60MM mortars for his outfit. Aftc ber,
reorganization at a rest base, the 24th Marines agai and
went into action on Saipan Island in the Marianas. | June
was in this action that Phil was killed. To date no fui ------

ther details are available.
On June 12th, American newspapers carried an ai
count of the wounding of Lt. Edward C. Leber, 33. ® El«
was in command of a PC-558, an American patrol crafl roste
—
,
•
• .i enro
which sank two one-man German submarines in tl
Mediterranean before this ship, in turn, was sunk earl facuj
in May.
On July 5th, Lt. James O. Lipman, 40, was woundc
during the invasion of Normandy. Complete detai
are not available, but it is known that Jim is suffer«,
with a broken foot and shrapnel wounds in his aril
and hands.

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ment
On May 8, 1944, Charles C men
(Skip) Armstrong, ex ’46, wi
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.{ were
flying an AT-17 twin-engu
plane from the Douglas Am High
Air Field. About seven mill coup
southeast of Tombstone, Ai unit
zona,
the
plane
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plunged into a dive. Skip wi ¡ncjjc
flying at low altitude and ha Speci
no chance for recovery. B anotl
met his death just two weel equa

before he was to have received his. silver pilot winj
^
and commission asSecond Lieutenant. Both
of
jhonors wereawardedposthumously.
Skipvolunteer! foun
for Aviation Cadet Training in November, 1942, at Unit
was assigned to active duty in February, 1943.
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5

1 CONTINUES TO GROW

On July, second, it was re,4 j ported that Lt. Robert N.
Zipfel, ’42, was missing in ac­
tion over Germany. Shortly
j|| after his graduation from
1 } Swarthmore Bob passed the
tests for the Army Air Corps.
lt was not, however, until
( March, 1943, that he was called
to service. In the interim he
I was able to successfully finish
am the first year at New York University Law School. After
thi entering the service he spent considerable time training
tb in Alabama, Florida, and Texas, finally graduating as a
wa bombardier from the Ellington Field School in Decemtfte ber, 1943. He left the United States on April 22, 1944,
gai and flew to England by way of Iceland and Ireland. On
;. I June 20th, Bob’s squadron was on a mission over Gerfui ____________________________;____________________________

i

many from which Bob’s plane did not return.
In the last issue of the Gar­
net Letter we reported that Lt.
John Lashley, ’38, was a pris­
oner of war. Recently, word
has been received from his
father telling in some detail
how John’s plane was shot
down over Emden, Germany,
on December 11, 1943. On
January 27, 1944, his parents
were notified that John and six
members of his crew were German prisoners. At that
time he was uninjured and well. He wrote later stating
that he was receiving good treatment and that the Red
Cross was doing an outstanding piece of work in pro­
viding such fine service and assistance to the American
prisoners.

AN OTHER SUMMER SESSION
at
(Continued from Page 2)
. B Eleven new names appear on the summer faculty
rafl roster of over 70 members. Fortunately, the smaller
enrolment has enabled the College to permit vacations,
or at least a change of scene, for some members of the
i faculty— the first academic recess, in certain cases, for
over nine consecutive terms. Even though teaching has
nde been continuous during this war period, many of the
»j-jj Swarthmore faculty have been unusually fortunate in
^ having a considerable variety in their work. W hile we
1 gave up our group of Chinese Naval Officers to Annaar polis and M. I. T., we received another special assign­
ment when the Navy decided to send us 18 of their 45
is C men who were selected to do advanced work in Civil
Engineering. These men are at the Junior level and
•| were transferred here from schools all over the country.
W e also welcomed 24 pre-medical students direct from
*-rI11 High Schools or from service with the fleet. These
mill coupled with men already in advanced work give us a
Ai unit of 38 pre-medics, following a prescribed program
lgi shared by more than eight departments in three different
|Divisions. As this is being written, there are some
indications that we will shortly be approached for a
1 H special educational service to a civilian group from
f another distant country which should bring an interest
veel equal to that stirred up by the Chinese unit.
Few changes have been made in the physical plant,
thi ^ en returnmg to W harton now find the approach from
■ the tennis courts landscaped anew in keeping with the
eef| fountain and steps in honor of the Chinese Naval
, at Unit. They will also note that the old "prep” gym has
la huge hole in its side where workmen are busy ret modeling to make a storage room adjacent to the men’s
I athletic field. In spite of shortages of labor and certain

materials, the campus and buildings have been so well
maintained by our efficient staff that former students
would notice little that is different if they returned to
the campus.
That former students now in the armed forces or in
C. P. S. camps are thinking about the time when they
will return is indicated by an increased number of in­
quiries concerning post-war study. In addition, veterans
now discharged or in convalescent hospitals are writing
and calling on us in sufficient numbers that they serve
as an immediate stimulus to our planning. W hat were
formerly "post-war” plans, are rapidly becoming current
needs. Many of the men who inquire, have no connec­
tion with the college but have heard of Swarthmore in
remote parts of the world through an enthusiastic
alumnus— a Navy nurse, an Army doctor, or a Marine
officer, to mention three letters on my desk right now.
Very few of them are asking for special programs or
unusual arrangements. They merely want information
and advice. Their serious interest in the small residen­
tial college which will maintain the highest possible
standards, is a most encouraging factor in all our think­
ing. Certain adjustments must be made but none needs
to change the fundamental character of the college in
order to make a valuable contribution to a small but
earnest group of men. Apparently, our problem is
mainly one of knowing the service man as an individual
and in turn giving him such full information about
ourselves that it will be at once apparent to both parties
whether an association is apt to be mutually profitable.
W ithout a doubt, the return of the men whose education
has been interrupted by the war, constitutes for many
of the faculty one of the most important and interesting
academic situations for study and adjustment during the
summer term.

l

the

6

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TH E SPROUL OBSERVATORY
(Continued from Page 3)
were truly single, its motion would be uniformly
straight; if, however, it were part of a binary, the other
component being too feeble to be seen, minute periodic
irregularities from uniform motion should be observed.
Thus our problem consisted in searching for these angu­
lar deviations, which, even at the distances of the nearest
stars, generally would be less than one tenth of a second
of arc. This is the angle subtended by a quarter at a dis­
tance of about thirty miles; in the focus of our telescope
it corresponds to a displacement of the star image,
amounting to one five thousandth of an inch.
This method of approach requires both sufficient time
and extremely precise observations. W e are fortunate
that the latter is much facilitated by the tremendous
advances in photographic technique made during the
last decade. Using panchromatic plates and a yellow
filter, photographic exposures can now be obtained with
the Sproul refractor in less than one-twentieth of the
time needed in the early days of its use; a higher ac­
curacy is therefore reached by increasing the number
of photographic observations. Thus technical advance
not only makes more intensive observations feasible, but
really makes them necessary in order to avoid obsoles­
cence of former adequate procedure. By means of preci­
sion measuring machines the accurate star positions are
obtained from the photographs and are then ready for
computional analysis.
Recently some first results were announced from this
long-range search of unseen companions to alleged
single stars. The nearest stellar object for some time
has been known to be a triple star at a distance of a
little over four lightyears. The second and third nearest
stars, relatively faint telescopic objects at distances of
six and eight li'ghtyears respectively, had always been
considered single, but the Sproul material accumulated
over the past seven years and recently analyzed shows
this assumption to be untenable. Both stars show per­
turbations revealing the presence of companion stars,
still unseen because of the comparative brilliance of the
primary stars. Results like these may affect our concep­
tion of the sun’s status among stars; excluding the sun,
the nearest five stars now turn out to contain two com­
ponent stars on the average! Continued investigations
for additional stellar neighbors should determine how
exceptional our sun is. At present we can say that the
sun is probably the only star that we surely know to be
single and the hypothesis of our planets being the re­
mainder of a former solar companion seems to deserve
some consideration.
In 1939 Dr. K. Aa. Strand was invited to join the
staff of the observatory as research associate for the
purpose of making an accurate study of the motion of
stars in known binary systems. Here again the Sproul
refractor proved to be exceptionally well suited for the
problem; thousands of accurate and fine photographic
exposures were obtained during four years of intensive
effort, which were interrupted by Dr. Strand’s participa­

letter

tion in special research work in the Army Air Forces,
Strand s work formed a natural extension of the longrange Sproul study of stellar multiplicity and even in
those few years some interesting discoveries were made
First, the orbital characteristics of several double stars
were established with a high degree of accuracy. Sec­
ondly, irregularities of the orbital motion in four binary
systems were detected which point to unseen companion
objects, thus raising the known duplicity of these objects
to a state of triplicity. One of the newly discovered
companions seems to have a very low mass, which sug­
gested for the first time the possible existence of plane
tary objects in other systems than our solar family.

AL

The Sproul astronomers are aware of the importance
of interaction between research and teaching. Apart
from general descriptive courses and Mr. Pitman’s
present intensive navigation courses, particular attention
is given to the occasional advanced students in astronomy.
In such cases the courses or seminars are likely to b(
directly related to the research program. The teaching Edwii
of advanced astronomy students has received recent Harry
stimulation through the establishment of the Jessie wmi;
Stevenson Kovalenko Scholarship Fund in Astronomy, charl
by Dr. Michael S. Kovalenko, former member of the Edmu
Sproul Observatory and of the Swarthmore faculty jack
in memory of his wife.
Howa

In a provisional report on our work six years ago,
I concluded that "an important factor is time, but most J. Go
necessary of all are curiosity, persistence and faith." Fred
The long-term character of our work is set by the cosmoi Davis
which we are studying; the past seven years are, in i
sense, only a drop in a bucket. Our curiosity is certainlj |
greater now; persistence and faith in our work havi Thom
been characteristic of all staff members. Besides thosf
mentioned above, Roy W . Delaplaine, observer (Swartb
more B.A., ’13), and Sarah Lee Lippincott, assistart em<
(University of Pennsylvania B.A., ’4 2 ), are engaged if ames
current research problems; of numerous former staf
members we think particularly of two who left us onlj Clark
a few years ago: Dr. Gustav Land, now of Yale Ob
servatory, and Armstrong Thomas (Swarthmore M.A
’4 2 ), now serving in the Pacific. A complete record ol
former Sproul students and staff members engaged ii
astronomical activities elsewhere would take too mud
space to be given here.
It is a great privilege and treasure for Swarthmon
College to possess this beautiful telescope which literal!
could not be replaced at any cost during the curreti
critical state of our planetary civilization. It is a monu
ment to human endeavour at its best: scientific, technics
and social. Through this glass jewel the Sproul astrofl
omers convey light messages from the stellar univers
which add to the inner light of the inhabitants of thi
earth. W e shall continue to do this with the realizatioi
that Swarthmore College is sharing our curiosity, pci
sistence, patience and faith.
P eter

van de

K am p

Director of Sproul Observato{

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garnet

«ng. ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS
I

FOR 1944 - 45

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Secian

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Dart
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F r a n k H. G r if f i n ’ 10 — President
R u t h M c C a u l e y C l y d e ’2 7 — Vice-President
E d w in M . B u s h ’2 0 — Vice-President
M a r y A l t h o u s e G o m a n ’2 6 — Secretary
}

Alumni Councils For 1944-45

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M EN
ZONE I
Edwin A. Lucas ’14
Harry L. Miller ’l l
William Poole ’30
Charles E. Rickards ’27
Edmund G. Robinson ’05
Jack Thompson ’27
Howard S. Turner ’33

W O M EN
ZONE I
Virginia Brown Greer ’26
Marjorie Kistler Larkin ’21
Bertha Lippincott Parrish
Lorraine Marshall Pyle ’34
Sue Thomas Turner ’35
Roselynd Atherholt Wood ’23
Anne Worth ’32

igO,
ZONE II
dost J. Gordon Lippincott ’31
th.’ Fred Redefer ’27
mO! E)avis W . Shoemaker ’24

ZONE II
Dorothy Merrill Gulick ’26
Elizabeth B. Oliver T3
Sarah Percy Rogers ’27

in !
ZONE III
iff J. Austin Stone TO
iavt Thomas R. Taylor ’12
lost
ZONE IV
rth
Clement M. Biddle, Jr. ’31
tad
i it James F. McCormack ’36
ZONE V
staf
3nit Clark Kerr ’32
Ob

ZONE III
Janet M. Brown T9
Catherine Wright Donnelly T 8

[.A
i ol
1 it

ZONE IV
Barbara Batt Bond ’33
Catherine Bays Parrish ’36
ZONE V
Jane Michener Spangler ’31

Class Notes will appear in the next Garnet Letter.

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ATHLETIC TEAMS PREPARE
FÜR DIFFICULT SCHEDULES
For the past three semesters Swarthmore’s intercollegiate athlet­
ic program for men has been of the "big league” variety. Most
of our peacetime opponents have withdrawn from varsity competi­
tion because of a shortage of eligible male students leaving large
university teams to make up the greater part of our schedules.
Although Swarthmore’s squads must be drawn from 80 civilians
and 145 V -12 trainees, there are an additional 147 V -12 men
here who are not permitted to play because of a one-semester Navy
residence regulation.
A year ago when this program was launched we expected to
show a preponderance of losses when final standings were re­
corded. To our surprise we won exactly half of the 90 varsity
contests which were played in 10 different sports. In baseball,
for example, we have beaten Penn in three out of the last four
games. In six games with Villanova we have defeated them four
times— the other two games resulting in ties. And this summer
our baseball team gave the U. S. Naval Academy team its first
intercollegiate defeat of the season.
While we are highly pleased with our victories, the significant
factor is that we have been able to continue a program of athletics
as comprehensive as any institution in the country. Our men seem
to thrive on tough competition with no apparent ill effects. The
results of our last sport’s year are as follows:

M EN ’S SPORTS RESULTS
(Y ear Ending July 1, 1944)
Sport
Tennis
Football
Baseball
Soccer
Wrestling
Track
Summer Baseball—-1943
Lacrosse
Swimming
Basketball

Wins
5

Losses
3
3

4
3

4
3

3
3

2

4
5
4

5

11

Percentage
.7 69
.625
.571
.500
.500
.500
.429
.375
.333
.313

45

45

.500

10
8
2

6
2

Fall sports get under way on September 16th and continue
through November 25 th, with a break of four weeks in the middle
of the season during the examination and commencement period.
Virtually all of the men from last year’s squads are missing so the
prospects at this stage depend on how fast the new and inexperi­
enced material can be developed.

FALL SEHEDULES

non

reti
ann
nica
ron

7

letter

FO O TBA LL
Sat.,
Sat.,
Fri.,
Sat.,
Sat.,
Sat.,
Sat.,
Sat.,

Sept. 16th— Ursinus— Home
Sept. 23rd— Atlantic City Naval Air Station— Home
Sept. 29th— Temple— Away (Night)
Oct. 7th— Muhlenberg— Away
Nov. 4th— F. & M.— Home
Nov. 11th— N. Y . U.— Away
Nov. 18th— Princeton— Away
Nov. 25th— Ursinus— Away

SOCCER
Sat., Sept. 23rd— Lehigh— Home
Sat., Sept. 30th— Muhlenberg— Away
Sat., Oct. 7th— Princeton— Home
Sat., Nov. 4th— Pennsylvania— Home
Sat., Nov. 11th— Temple— Home
Sat., Nov. 18th— Navy— Away
Sat., Nov. 25th— Cornell— Home (morning)

the

8

garnet

letter

FINAL RESULTS - 1944 ALUMNI FUND
&0
S5
s
I

gi
LJ

“a

0 .S

-S
«
O
£

^ 'S

g
■

$5

1

*g

>

s

BÜ
X

§ ^

K <->
C
Vi ^
O

^ A*

100 %

$ 2.00

$ 2.00

1916

25

20.00

1917

^ v5

ill

n
n
0

TJ g
'S O

H

SP 0

<5 ^5

U

<*>

£

Qs Vj

115

26

23

14.77

143

33

23

15.59

£ ’*3

1885

9

1
1
2
1

1886

12

4

33

1887

25

5

20

5.50

27.50

1921

189

25

13

6.90

57.00

1922

182

18

10

6.67

35.00

1923

157

22

14

7.39

170

31

18

6.61

150

25

17

7.68

1876

1

1879

4

1880

5

40

5.00

20.00
10.00

1918

121

21

17

13.26

11

25.00

25.00

1919

153

18

10.08

40.30

1920

120

19

12
16

6.03

1888

38

5

13

11.40

1889

21

2

10

17.50

7.31

1890

30

9

30

9.00

81.00

1924

1891

33

7

19.57

137.00

1925

1892

37

6

21
16

190.42

1,142.50

1926

177

25

14

7.60

1893

35

3

9

36.67

110.00

1927

182

46

25

6.15

1894

46

9

19

127.72

1,149.50

1928

176

33

19

7.68

1895

49

9

18

14.67

132.00

1929

161

16

3.97

1896

46

11

24

33.00

363.00

1930

151

39

11.57

81.00

1931

181

40

10
26
22

6.08

5.65

1897

47

7

15

1898

44

4

9

29.75

119.00

1932

171

31

18

4.79

15

9.00
12.00

45.00

1933

185

30

16

4.80

120.00

1934

195

37

19

4.97

160
166

34

21

6.88

40

24

6.04

1899

34

5

1901

'49

10
21

1902

64

15

1900

44

23
43

7.57

159.00

1935

24

12.13

182.00

1936

1903

52

14

27

9-43

132.00

1937

204

51

25

9.24

1904

43

9

21

12.00

108.00

1938

217

50

23

8.22

1905

56

17

31

17.79

302.50

1939

197

85

43

5.99

1906

79

18

23

9.83

177.00

1940

229

73

32

5.55

1907

60

25

48

34.40

997.50

1941

185

56

30

6.91

1908

61

14

23

15.18

212.50

1942

187

43

23

6.12

1909

98

27

27

14.33

372.00

1943

304

73

24

5.91

1910

79

25

20.58

411.50

10

11.63

128.00

1945

16

7.33

110.00

1946

1911

113

20
11

1912

94

15

1913

122

24

20

22.92

550.00

1914

119

33

28

9.98

329-50

1915

113

21

19

15.19

319.00

1944

Totals

❖

8
1

2.12
3.00

3

16.00

1457

7085

20.6

$10.73

* Undergraduate Classes

1

2

3

Largest % Contributors

1907

1939

1901

Most Contributors

1939

1940 & 1943

**

Largest Total Amount Given

1894

1892

1907

Largest Average Gift

1892

1894

1907

** 1940-1943 tied with 73 Contributors each

s

$15,6 3 3 *