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Wednesday, March 23, 1960

THE COLLEGE NEWS

Page Three



Member of Berlin City Legislature

Talks of German

In an open meeting of Political |
Seience 303b, “France and Ger-
many,” Mrs. Annadora Leber spoke

to an audience on “Contemporary
German Attitudes toward the
Hitler Regime.” » Mrs. Leber, a

citizen of West Berlin, is also 4
member: of the city legislature,
the German UNESCO commission
and the screening committee for
higher military personnel. She
and her husband, Dr. Julius Leber,
were active ~in the resistance
movement; her husband was killed
by the Nazis.

(While im prison in 1944, Mrs.
Leber resolved to leave Germany
forever, but she remained there
and has experienced some unex-
pected changes for the better. As
an “eyewitness of many years’
standing” she attempted to give
a “candid picture” of the political
and emotional state of her coun-
try.

Fall for “Mad Doctrines”

‘The Neo-Nazi incidents remind-
ed the speaker of how her ‘“coun-
try fell for the mad doctrines of
Hitler.” The Neo-Nazism and anti-
Semitic outbreak was expressed
in the words and acts of individu-
als; in the defacement of Jewish
graves and in the boycott of Jew-
ish innkeepers.

As a nation involved in a com-
mon crime, they had to bear a
common guilt, The Nazi dictator-
ship left a confusion of the sense
of values and emotion. There was
a wish to cover up and to forget
the past, The problem of new out-
bursts “necessitates a confronta-
tion of the past.” Of the reap-
pearance of the Swastika Mrs. Le-
ber said, “It was as if a devil’s
band had been given a _ holiday
from hell to plague us. Germans
must-—now -be-severe ‘with the
threats of anti-Semitism and Neo-
Nazism.”

Everywhere meetings and en-



NOTICE

The Friends of Music of
BMC will present the last in
their series of concerts and
workshops on April 6. The
program features Eugene List
at the piano and Carroll Glenn,
violin. The workshop is from
4:10to 5:30 in the Music Room.
The evening concert will be at
8:30 im Goodhart. Unreserved
seats may be obtained from the

Views on Nazis

lightenment campaigns of adult
education are contributing to a igen-
eral awakening. “For the first
time the whole, Nazi complex is
being dis¢ussed in wide circles...
parents ‘sit up who were formerly
against letting the new generation
know about the crimes of the Hit-
ler regime.”

It is not easy for adults to ans-
wer the question of a child:
“Where did you stand at this
time?” The elders agree with the
Berlin (Minister of Education that
one must either teach the children
the whole truth or give up one’s
job. Mrs. Leber recalled the in-
nocent and unprejudiced question
of a boy whose father was a mem-
ber of the infamous SS, Was she
to tell the boy the truth and there-
by destroy his image of his father

Continued on Page 4, Col. 2





Panel Discusses
Mediocre Quality
Of Public Media

by Alison Baker

“Is mass media mass or is it
public? If it is mass, then what
the majority wants should go, but
if it’s public, then government
control becomes highly relevant.”

The moderator answered rather
impatiently, “Yes, that’s just what
we’re trying to find out.”

All this arose in a coffee sem-
inar during the Challenge collo-
quium treating the subject of mass
media. By the time I had asked
directions at every turn and final-
ly arrived at the seminar, our ex-
pert, a sponsor from CBISS radio
network, was already well launch-
ed-on his-exposition of the present
state and problems of mass media
in the United States.

Little of this exposition touched
on anything new or interesting.
One statistic which rather fascin-
ated me, however, was that the
average American spends more
time in front of his TV than in
any other activity, in some cases
including sleep.

First we explored the root of
the mediocrity which seems to
exist in the content of mass media,
It lies in the fact that every TV

tremendous investment of capital,
and thereby needs advertising,







Office of Public Information.



Continued on Page 6, Col. 1

or radio program represents a|

Mr. Guggenheim
Probes The Fate
Of Fifth Republic

Comments on the present status
and the future fate of France’s
Fifth Republic comprised the text
of Mr. Guggenheim’s lecture, “Oud
Va la Cinquiéme République?”,
presented (Monday evening in the
Common (Room.

‘Mr, Guggenheim compared the
present regime with those of the
past. He proposed to consider: the
questions of why the Fourth Re-
public fell, why the Fifth was cre-
ated, whether the crises respons-
ible for the change could. recur,

is very different from the Fourth.

The Fourth French Republie had
two main weaknesses—a basic in-
stability and an inability to decide
upon courses of action. Because
of these problems the administra-

tions changed frequently.

France does not have a_two-
party system as do the United
States and Great Britain. Instead
there is a multiplicity of parties
which are forced to compromise
in weak coalitions in order to ob-
tain adequate power to take over
the administration. Because of
the fragility of these compromises
it is hard for the parties to co-
operate once they are in (power.

Yet these same _ shortcomings
existed under the Third Republic
which lasted for many years.

Since the death of Louis XIV no
regime has been completely ap-
proved iby the public. It is the
government itself rather than the
particular administration in power
that is attacked, Political insta-
bility causes a serious Weakness,
but a real crisis is necessary to
cause the fall of an entire govern-
ment.

The insurrections of 1958 mark-
ed the culmination of a series of
crises which the government «was
unable to solve because the coali-
tion couldn’t agree upon a solu-
tion. The government had ac-
cepted the responsibility for ac-
tions in the past which it had not
authorized. These served to 'weak-
en it considerably,

The coalition which brought
General deGaulle into power and
established the Fifth Republic was
composed of four groups. Two of
these, the citizens of Algiers
(European ‘Algerians fearing Mos-
lem control of the government),
and parts of the French army

one from Indochina and the one



Continued on Page 6, Col. 3

and whether the Fifth Republic’.

(fearing Algerian retreat like the

Setlow Talks On

Action Spectra;

Explains Light's Destructive Effect

“A problem that is rather diffi-
cult -to answer, but a problem
which I nevertheless feel we have
the solution to—the physical state
of DNA,” was.the subject of the
Bryn Mawr Sigma Xi lecture “Ac-
tion ‘Spectra and the Physical State
of DNA in Vivo,” given last Wed-
nesday in the biology lecture room
by the assistant director of bio-
physics at Yale, Mr. Richard B.
Setlow.

DNIA, or deoxyribonucleic acid,
is believed to be the material car-
rying the: genetic characteristics.
It is an attractive structure phys-
ically as well as biologically, ap-
pearing to occur as two strands

intertwined to form a helix. These
strands have a_ sugar-phosphate
backbone, but their importance to
genetics stems from the fact that
they have four purine and prymi-

Student Questions
Validity Of Letter
Rebutting Pauling

by Suzy Spain

The anniversary edition of the
Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin found
its way into the home of a young
New York lawyer, husband of a
Bryn Mawr graduate, and prompt-
ed an immediate response. His
letter was, said Mrs. Isota Epes,
editor of the Bulletin, the only one
of the many letters received to
be at all negatively critical.

The writer, a graduate of Yale
and Harvard Law School, argued
that the publication of the article



advocating world-wide disarma-'
ment, “Why We Must Have
Peace;”’-by~- Linus Pauling, was

worth “to the cause of Commun-
ism, hundreds of entreaties by
Khrushchey . .. The Alumnae Bul-
letin (did) the West a disservice
by its tacit legitimization of Paul-
ing.”

Pauling, professor of Chemistry
at California Institute of Tech-
nology, seems to have been legit-
imatized several times before the
Bulletin ever got a hold of him;
he acts as a consultant to govern-
ment agencies, was honored by
Princeton, Chicago, Yale, Cam-
bridge, London, Oxford and Paris
Universities, as well as having
received a Nobel Prize in chem-



istry. A vigorous advocate of im-
Continued on Page 4, Col. 5

backbone.

It is thought that genetic infor-
mation is contained in the arrange-
ment of these bases, adenine, thy-
mine, guanine, and cytosine. No
one knows how these DNA poly-
mers are duplicated. They may
duplicate as they untwine or they
‘may split first and then duplicate.
If they do split, the questions are:
when? and how? To answer this
it is necessary to observe DNA in
a living cell.

Absorbtion and Action

Mr. Setlow’s technique for stud-
ying DNA involved two different
kinds of spectrascopy, absorption
eg action. An examination of
the behavior of compounds at vari-
ous wave lengths can be used. The
usefulness of absorption spectra
lies in its representation of all of
the. particles involved.

Action spectra, on the other
hand, shows what is happening.
The biological and chemical effects
of light can be either beneficial or
destructive. Action spectra is
concerned with the destructive as-
pects, For example, in exposing
bacteria to various radiations it is
found that the longer the radia-
tion the more bacteria were de-
stroyed.

Enzymes Studied

As an example of action spectra,
certain enzymes were studied.
These enzymes, like DNA, have a
three-dimensional structure involv-
ing a helix held together by two
sulfur molecules, or a di-sulfide.
When this di-sulfide bond is brok-
en, the action spectrum changes,
enabling us to correlate a change
of enzyme activity with a change
in the-action-spectrum.

Similarly, DNA structure can be
studied by measuring action spec-
tra. It was found that two of the
bases in DNA, thymine and cyto-
sine, are more affected by certain
wave lengths used in action spec-
tra than are the other two bases.
If the-action spectrum of a single
strand of DNA is measured, the
resulting, spectrum will approxim-
ate that of just thymine and cyto-
sine. However, in the double
stranded form of ,DNA, the bases
of. the t ins are close to-
gether and the action spectra are
then complicated by the interac-
tion between all four bases, pro-
ducing a different result.



Thus, Mr. Setlow has been able
Continued on Page 5, Col. 3



Strong Contingent Fights To Keep Student Loyalty

In an informal question and
answer period during last week-
end’s Challenge Colloquium at
Yale, a student asked Senator
Barry Goldwater if letters to con-
gressmen would help ‘in having
the Disclaimer Affidavit of the Na-
tional Defense Education Act re-
voked. “Sure,” replied the Senat-
or—a Republican and staunch con-
servative, “but as a matter of fact
I’ve received more letters in favor
of keeping the affidavit than of
having it repealed...”

“Senator,” interjected somebody
from the floor, “I’d say it’s hardly
likely that someone in favor of re-

~-peal of the.affidavit would address



his letter to you.” Goldwater, an
avowed dissenter to the proposed
repeal, smiled, “Well, if not,
they’re barking up the wrong
tree—there’s not much point in
writing to Kennedy. or Clark about
the repeal——they’re already in fa-
or of it ... It’s the ones opposed
that you’ve got to work on... ”

Earlier that morning a small
but vociferous contingent of stu-
dent conservatives (members of
which _ had_peppered_previous.lec-|
tures with hoots of approval at
the mention of MeCarthyism, “the
profit - motive and withdrawal

stood in doorways handing out
mimeographed sheets entitled The
Non-Subversive Affidavit Must
Stay. Closely typed on the leaflet
were refutations of the popular
arguments against the affidavit,
all of which led to the upper-cased,
underlined, and double-spaced con-
clusion that “ . .. non-subversive
affidavits are a necessary and time-
proven part of the American her-
itage.” The paper ended with
the plea that those wishing to “re-
fute the careless emotional cries of
certain ‘liberal’ educators” sign a
-petition of the National Student
Committee for the Loyalty Oath,

to a suggested list of senators,
The affidavit, inserted on the
precedent set in the National |\t
Science Foundation Act of 1950,
demands that the student receiv-
ing aid “does not ieve in, and
is not a membk and does not
support any orgmnization that be-
lieves in or teaches the overthrow
of the United: States Govern-
ment...” A loyalty oath, about

ane se :

The subject of contention ever
since it was attached by Repub-
lican Senator H. Alexander Smith,



of recognitiom from Soviet Russia)

the affidavit will probably be

and, “before time funs out,” write)

which there has been little contro-| i
ide te“PEIe-60

brought up for repeal next month
in a bill sponsored by Senators
Kennedy, Clark, and Javitts. Ex-
pected to join Senator Goldwater
in spearheading the opposition
are Senators Dirksen, Prouty, and
Mundt, and, if a New York Times
headline can be believed, a “hot
fight” is likely to ensue.

Because Bryn Mawr’s opposition
to the affidavit was so prompt and
its stand so clear, the issue has
‘ong been regarded as an old and
closed one on campus though, as
te above facts show, it is obvious-
y neither. The arguments in fa-
vor of withdrawal from the pro-
gram were articulated so early
(Bryn Mawr was among the first
group of six colleges to withdraw)
that the arguments opposed have
barely been given consideration,
and the agitation to have the affi-
davit repealed, present on many
campuses, has ben replaced by an
untroubled complacency that it
will be.
| The arguments against repeal
f the Disclaimer Affidavit have,

if| Senator Goldwater’ s _constitu-

ing to the aforementioned mim-
eod sheet, the arguments are
these:

1. “The contention that ‘free-
dom of belief’? is being violated
does not stand under close scrut-
-ny, for... not the student per se,
cout only those seeking financial
help” are subject to the affidavit.

2. “N.D.E.A. was-passed...
as a defense measure... loyal cit-
izens siould not be taxed to help
an unloyal student. through college
as a defense measure.”

8. “Many times the only way
to prosecute a Communist is by
means-of a perjury indictment—
witness A'’ger Hiss and William
Remington.”

4. “More than 12,000 appli-
cants have signed an affidavit iden-
tical to the one in the N.D.E.A.
to qualify for fellowships under
the “National “Science Foundation
Act, and “no educator has ques-
tioned the affidavit.”

5. “The ‘liberals’ say that the
affidavit singles out students for
suspicion . .. but the first Act
of ‘Congress was a loyalty oath,

Octh

Arguments in favor of the re-
peal are familiar enough (or ob-
vious enough from their “refuta-
tions”) not to bear repetition;
what must be repeated is that
negative arguments, such as they
are, do exist and do have consider-
able support.

The first organized student
movement to effect the repeal was
started this winter at Harvard
ind rapidly taken up by other
schools, including Wellesley and
Swarthmore. The object of the
m>vement ‘is* to have students
write to their congressman (on
“oldwater’s. advice not. to. Ken-
nedy, Clark, or Javitts) asking
for the repeal. :

Wellesley’s intensive campaign
to encourage students to -write
personal letters to their congress-
men was started in mid-February;
Ttincluded the setting up of infor- _
mation centers at which students —
might find out the names of their
representatives and their positions
on the bill.

According to

the Wellesley’

College News, the Harvard com-

dine bases extending from this

a



any indication, a considerably larg-
er degree of student support than
e Bryn Mawr student body





might suppose; basically, accord-



signed ‘Dy President Washington,
and loyalty oaths have been an
integral part of the American se-



curity system throughout our en-
tire history.” ;

mittee for the repeal feels that
since the chances for the Kennedy
Bill are- about even, every vote
and, therefore, every letter are
important.

or rp et