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' THE COLLEGE NEWS

Page Five







Anderson and F enwick Battle Japan

Boycott Issue In Common Room De Debate



Peace Council Ballot
Results In Even Vote



Various Solutions Suggested for Far
Eastern. Crisis

“With comments ranging from: “a
direct and effective plan” to “damned
foolishness,” the results of the Peace
Council poll on the Japanese boycott
exactly tied. The final count revealed
that 128 students voted for the boycott
and 128 against it. Of the 36 faculty
members voting, 24 favored boycotting
Japanese goods; while 11 were op-
posed. Although the majority of bal-
lots were returned without comment,
46 students stated why they favored
the boycott and 44 gave reasons for
voting no. ~~

Students opposing the boycott were
more explicit in their comments than
those in favor of it. The most prom-
inent.. views claimed a boycott of
Japanese goods would be unfair to
American business, arouse? personal

-prejudice, hurt the Japanese people

and not their government,. and _ in-
crease Japanese aggressiveness. Fur-
thermore, they felt it would not get to
the root of the trouble.

Several of the conditions on the yes
ballots were similar to the arguments
of the opposition. A number of stu-
dents stated they would support. the

boycott if American labor were pro-

tected. Two voted yes, providing the
manufacturers were not harmed, Many
favored the boycott if it could be made
effective.

Among those voting mo, several
feared becoming more intimately en-,
tangled in the Far Eastern crisis, pos-
sibly inviting war. It was felt that
diplomatic relations could become so
strained as to do us a great deal of
harm. Some believed it was a nation-
alistic action, a attempt that never
works unless well organized, and one
which “students don’t understand.”
Others laconically stated the boycott
was “economically unsound,” “infan-
tile,” “impossible,” “useless,” and “in-
effective.”

Both sides had specific reeommenda-
tions to make. Several of those voting
no advocated anternational action.
Two people “favored action by the
United States Government. Other sug-
gestions were:,a government embargo,
a naval blockade with England, and
one opponent demanded that the
United States send the fleet.

A government boycott was the most
prevalent suggestion in the Yes group.
However, a number of students desired
an embargo in conjunction with it.
One answer recommended a special
peace conference following the end of
the war which was anticipated as the
result of the boycott. Two answers
demanded proper and adequate pub-
licity ‘to expand the boycott idea.

‘Many emphasized that the boycott

should be a complete one; while sev-
eral favored a personal rather than a
government project.

Other varying opinions among those
condoning a boycott were that it should
be.effected.cooperatively.among democ-
racies; that a government attempt
would be effective but Bryn Mawr
should not adopt the cause lest it dam-
age the reputation of the College; and
that we should not boycott silk stock-


__to'Americanlabor:;-Still- another fac-|

them. One felt it should be carried
on in conjunction with denouncing
neutrality legislation in Washington.
Among the favorable faculty com-
ments was yég, if sponsored by a con-
siderable number and on all Japanese
goods, not just hosiery, and not by

individuals for conscience’s sake. .One

felt that the good of the boycott-would
offsét the harm to our workers, and
another entertained doubts as to the
effectiveness, while fearing the results

ulty member thought-that the effect of
the boycott would be an expression of
public opinion and should only apply
to articles made in Japan.

| in Sh opposin statements
plorhatic
action, as a Bi might seriously
affect our trade. +Another professor
considered it gravely damaging, ' al-





Economic Blockade Will Height-
en Tension, Cause Future
Wars,. Says Anderson

BACKS PEN Y FOR
INTERNATIO AL CRIME
~ Common Room, January ths —In the

debate sponsored by the International

Relations Club on the advisability of a

Japanese boycott, general agreement

was reached on one point: That a state

of world disorder exists now and must
be stopped, and that some community

of international interest is necessary
to restore order.

“A boycott,” said Mr. Karl Ander-
son of the Department of Economics,
“goes in the wrong direction.” Granted
that we could enforce it effectively
and possibly stop this war, in the long
run our boycott would vastly increase
friction, and “a regularized system of
interngtional law can never be born
from such a situation.” If temporary
expedients to stop particular wars are
necessary, Mr, Anderson believes that
a show of military force endangers the
final hope of international amity less
than a boycott.

Mr. Charles Fenwick, of the Depart- |'
ment of Politics, leading the pro-boy-
cott, favors economic sanctions as the
best method of enforcing international.
law. He believes that all particular
violations of treaties, such as Japan’s
present invasion of China, must be
immediately punished, just as-all indi-
vidual. lawbreakers are punished for
domestic crimes. In the meantime, we
must also try to deal with the perma-
nent causes of international crime:

In discussing the basic causes of the
Japanese aggressions, Mr. Anderson
pointed out that Japan has a popula-
tion almost equal to the United States.
Her territory, from the standpoint of
its ability to yield a livelihood, is about
equal to Vermont. A large part of the
land is economically useless. Japan
has no iron; no.water power, and few
minerals, either an trade ¢ or domestic
use.”

Great Britain, in much the same sit-
uation in the eighteenth and’ nine-
teenth centuries, saved herself by a
vast expansion’ of international. trade.
In 1800, not more than five million



selves in England. Now, her popula-
tion of 30 million has a standard of
living only second to the United States.
As fast as Japan has tried to éxpand
her trade, those parts of the world
where she might do business have been
closed to her by tariffs. Unable to live
in their Vermont, some of the many
Japanese have tried to move. Emigra-
tion laws were passed against them in
this country and in South America.
The great Japanese population can-
not live-#t home, nor can it spill over.
It is not surprising then that a mili-
tary party, backing conquest as the
only way out, has grown increasingly
popular. The war of aggression is not
being foisted upon the passive, igno-.
rant.masses by a few selfishly ambi-
tious military dictators. If anything
will serve to make these masses even
more desperate and more ready to back
war, it is an additional “economic
squeeze”’ such as the proposed boycott.
“The definitive lesson in the econom-
ics of isolation is the case of Ger-
many,” saidMr. Anderson. During
the war, an extremely effective block-
ade was maintained. The result: A

| determined unification of the German

people against the rest of the world,
and, after the war, a hostile and em-
bittered.nation. As the hope of recov-
ery was continually closed to post-war
Germany by trade barriers and severe
reparations, the people became—more,
desperate, and by direct cause and
effect, the present aggressive dictator-
ship came into. power.

~The solution of the problem of inter-
national disorder is not anything as

as







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‘ ‘City Line and Lancaster Avenue __



















to take ‘care of Your parents
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people could» have supported them-|-

|would: be best to begin now.

simple as a boycott. The most definite
suggestion which Mr. Anderson could
make was to expand as far as possible
the program now being backed by Mr.
Hull. The way out is not in “a hand-
off policy, but in a long-run, difficult,
hands-on policy.”

In his pro-boycott discussion of the
Japanese situation, Mr. Fenwick stated
two fundamental beliefs which both he
and Mr. Anderson hold: That the
United States has a vital interest in
upholding international law and order,
and that the sanctity of: treaty obliga-
tions should be maintained. _Economic
cooperation is the most efficient way to
establish and preserve permanently
peaceful world relationships.

There’ is. a close analogy between |:
domestic and international crime. In,

either case, peace requires the mainte-
nance of the existing syste gainst
violence, and the supporting of “jus-
tice.” “That is, neither in our indi-
vidual nations, nor in their relatio

with one another, should we allow too
much inequality to exist. An excess of
poverty or an oe of
wealth will encourage crime; the rich
will prey on the poor and the poqr
will attempt to steal from the rich.
But we should not stress the mainte-
nance of order by violence—that was

»the mistake in 1918. We should work

for disarmament, but should approach
the problem as an economic one rather
‘than as a military or naval one.

Japan has offended in several ways.
She has committed a crime against
international morality; she has vio-
lated-a treaty purposing to help con-
ditions in the Far East, a treaty which
was ‘arranged for her own best inter-
ests; and she is hurting herself in her
relations with other world powers.
Action should have been taken, said
Mr. Fenwick, when Japan first vio-
lated the Nine-Power Treaty by enter-
ing Manchuria’in 1931. This move-
ment was an international crime and
should have .been punished, as_ it
could have been, with proper economic
cooperation. That the alleged Japan-
ese need of more territory is'greatly
exaggerated is evidenced by the fact
that the Japanese are not using Man-
churia to any advantage. There has
been some internal development in the
territory, but none that has been really
profitable. The Lytton report, which
was made with the greatest possible
care, proves that every possible benefit
the Japanese could gain by force in
China they could get without force.

Mr. Fenwick thinks the ideal course
of action would have involved a gov-
ernmgnt “baycott, put into force last
July, in which the United States,
Great Britain, Holland, and Scandi-
navia should have cooperated. These
governments should have cut off all
trade with Japan on the basis that she
had broken a treaty; such a boycott
would have brought the country to its
knees-in-six-months.To boyeott-would
have the double“advantage of avoiding
all danger of war, danger which we
would certainly be courting.if we sent
the fleet into action against such a
militaristic nation, and of teaching the
world that it is possible to stop war
without war.

But, with the government unwilling
to take such positive action, is it worth
while for individuals to boycott Jap-
anese goods? Mr. Fenwick thinks it is.
At present, a large majority of Amer-
ican people are indifferent to what is
going on in thé Far East; but public
feeling could easily be aroused if
enough energetic exponents of the boy-
cott. set to work. And if no other result
were accomplished, it\would at least
teach Congress that pkople do think
and care, and that we are no longer
isolated from the world and indifferent
to crime. Moreover, it would convince
the people of Japan that Americans
are opposed to their crime. Sooner or
later this conflict must be stopped; it





already too late to save Shanghai and
Nanking, but perhaps we can prevent
some of the waste which will be in-
evitable if
surely will unless some intervention is

; wr
made, for five or ten more years. Beyn Me

For Cruising
“Gerrans vaeentickehi nea .

crepe rubber soles. Small looking, de-
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Ht. isl

e-wardrags~on,-as~ it}



CollegeParticipation
Urged at League Tea
Prominent Activities Reviewed

and Advocated by Speakers
Kraus, Dinsmore, Frank





Common Room, Thursday, February
38.—A tea for all the students, par-
ticularly freshmen, was held by the
Bryn Mawr League. . Attributing a
“lack of interest to a lack of infor-
mation,’ President Mary Whalen had
asked three people closely connected
with the work of the League to speak
on its various activities. The speakers
were Miss Hertha Kraus, of the De-
partment of; Social Economy; Miss
Annette Dinsmore,..social: worker in
the vicinity of Philadelphia. and for-
mer resident at the Overbrook Blind
School; and Mrs. Lothar G. Frank,
head of last year’s Summer Camp.

Miss Whalen first introduced Miss
Kraus, who had worked out, with her
class, statistics on the League “inter-
est cards.”
“rouse interest in the thing the League
stands for,” urged that students sup-

port League service with time and, if}

possible, money, and stressed the values
of League work both for the donor
and the recipient’ of such contribu-
tions. Among the activities reviewed

‘\by Miss Kraus were’ the Community

Center at Haverford, maintained by
three regular workers and League
assistants for an approximate weekly
quota of 500 people; ‘the Maids’ and
Porters’ classes, which help . college
entployees in the profitable occupation
of their leisure time; the Industrial
Summer School for workers’ educa-
tion; and the Industrial Group, which
offers a valuable contact to student and
worker. To the participant, these ac-
tivities. afford first-hand experience
and information, useful in every pro-
fession or social group.

Miss Dinsmore, the second spéaker,
reviewed briefly the work of the vol-
unteer reading at the Overbrook School
for the Blind. Philadelphia women’s
clubs gradually became interested in
the work initiated by Bryn Mawr in
1917 and have offered their services to
the school. The Bryn Mawr group is,
however, Miss Dinsmore ‘said, the only
one which comes at night, when the
school program allows’ for . reading,
and which comes consistently. Here
the eontact with the ‘outer world”
broadens the member of the Blind
School, and helps the college student
to understand the problems and status
of the blind.

* Mrs. Frank, ‘speaking particularly
of last year’s Summer Camp, gave an
intimate picture of League activity in
that. field. The purpose of the camp
is to give about 60 children two weeks
of fun: at the seashore, under the

supervision of a camp staff. Counsel-

ors selected from the student body
acquire experience and a knowledge
of children through this service and,
with the children, are given two weeks
of camping at the shore. Mrs. Frank
felt that both the counselors and the
children would profit more from the
camp if the counselors were given a
little previous training. ‘She advocated
a saries of lectures before the concen-

‘trated final studying sets in,-and suz-

gested Mrs. Forrest, of.the Depart-
ment of Education, as a possible lec-
turer in education.

The children get quantities of rest,
sleep, and play; many. of them are
away from home for the first time,
although few become homesick. Some
enjoy their first single bed and own.
toothbrush — and plenty of Kleenex!
Like other League activities, the Sum-

mer Camp offers real professional ex- |.
perienée in social work, as well as an|ff

opportunity to learn child psychology
by active observation. —



Miss Kraus, speaking to] i





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(next to Seviile Theatre





Primitive Aniatins 2
Retain Ancient Art

Professor von Heiné- Geldern
Discusses ‘‘Monuimental’”’ and
“Ornamental” Styles





‘The Deanery, February 6. — The
pre-Buddhistic art of China and Indo-
China still lingers among the primi-
tive races there, stated Baron Robert
von Heine-Geldern, professor..of an-
thropology at the University of
Vienna. In such secluded districts,
he explained, where styles may remain
the same for thousands of years, “the
combined application of archeological
gnd ethnological methods may trace
cultural movements of which no word
would otherwise reach us.”

Among the tribes of Southwestern
Asia, he continued, there are two dis-
tinct arts: the “monumental” and the
“ornamental.” The monumental style
found in India, Burma, and the
cific Islands, and occurs in a less
rm, throughout Indo-China. It -
ural, symbolic, and makes no
attempt to combine its units into a
central pattern. Its figures may be
either naturalistic or geometric, with
extremely simplified outlines. In the
ornamental style, on the other hand,
“the outlines, far from being simpli-
fied, tend to’ dissolute themselves in
ornament which is all subordinated to
one beautiful design.” The essential
feeling, too, is not religious, but
esthetic. This style is found prin-
cipally in certain parts of New Zea-
land and among the Dyaks of Borneo,
and belongs to the bronze age.

The monumental style, however, was
the.art of the megolithic civilization
that followed the great neolithic move-
ment from Northwestern China to the
Pacific in the third millenium B. C.
Fused with a secondary ornamental
style of Western origin, introduced
about 1800 B. C., it formed the art of
the Chan Dynasty. -

The motifs of this art can still be.
traced in Eastern Polynesia, Mar-
quesas, Tahiti, Hawaii, and Northern
China near Hong-Kong. The con-
ventionalized face with the T-shaped
ears found on the island of Marquesas
is especially significant. It occurs in
the pre-Buddhistic Northern Chinese
style, but disappears about 950 B. C.
Therefore, it must have left North
China before 1000 B. C., or South
China before 800 B. C. “This proves,
that prior to the Polyriesian. Move-
ment, there was already a Chinese
colonization on these islands of which
no other record has come down to us.”
Similar research has established that
this colonization also went on in New
Guinea and later in New Zealand,
under the Chou dynasty.

This dynasty reigned from 950 to
771 B. C., when according to legend it
was overthrown by barbaric invaders
from the North. About this time,
new motifs appear in the, Late Chou
style, particularly the double spiral
and the hook-pattern, which Baron
von Heine-Geldern believes were in-
troduced by the conquerors. Both
these motifs occur in the art of the
Sumerian civilization “which ruled
Southeastern Europe from 1200 to
700 B..C. The mysterious “Seng-
yung,” therefore, were probably a




Sumerian horde who migrated from
Hungary or Russia, bringing their art
with them.

E. Foster Hammond
Incorporated

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829 Lancaster Ave.



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“1606 Chestne

though our national policy is weak and |.
humiliating. Still another summed up
his condemnation, saying it would do|
infinite harm to many groups of work-|
ers in Ameéfica, little or no harm to
the Japanese, and is “purely . an émo-
vant, = raced

Students





















* tqucananeel mae

ie SE mye te 9S ‘ ?

Mr. Joseph, formerly of René. |
Marcel, now with us




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