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Now married, the delighted newlyweds, Renee and Jeffrey, leave the Eldridge Street Synagogue together. Upon arriving for the nuptials, they came down the aisle separately, each one flanked by parents., Katrina Thomas's notes: More than populate Israel, there are an estimated 5.7 million Jews in the U.S. In addition to two nationality backgrounds, Ashkenazi and Sephardic, they belong to four movements, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Hasidic. Jewish weddings today combine elements, dating back to biblical times when two separate rites were performed, perhaps months or years apart, known in Jewish law, as kiddushin and nissu'in. The first is betrothal, during which the ring is given, and the second, the actual marriage. Over a period of twenty-five years, I photographed a variety of weddings, some with hundreds of guests and some small, all of them essentially the same but different in regard to details. All couples are united under a chuppah, both rites performed at one time. In general, traditions are kept more reverently by Jews than are customs retained more casually by other religions and ethnic groups.

After their the nuptial mass in New York City's St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue, Kathy and Jack return with their wedding party to the bridegroom's old neighborhood on East 93rd Street. At one time, settled by Irish and Italians, it is now Puerto Rican., Katrina Thomas's notes: The Scotch-Irish, who arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries, were Protestant. But a significant Irish Catholic immigration had been increasing yearly, millions arriving after the potato famine, so that by the 1840's they comprised nearly half of all immigrants. If both bride and bridegroom are Catholic, they may be married in a nuptial mass. I found no distinctive Irish customs to photograph at the celebration of marriages.