Win Magazine Volume 14 Number 2

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Jan.19, 1978/4Ol

PEACE & FREEDOM THRU NONVIOLENT ACT'ON

CUBA

J{}[fHËruj'hH,
Stoppirg Spainos Nuclear fl fi:qlgE"åå,g
Trojan Verdict: the Nnkes n ru: {dnr
Let the Jury Serve -f ua,$È.ur','

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INTIMIDAR AL PUEBLO
ES IMPOSIBTE
FlDELls -t0-76

.;{
you is listed in the telephone directory

ters
writing this letter to express my
disagreemént with Robert Musil's argument ("Vietnam Today", WIN
ll/17 /77)thatthe religious picture in
Vietnam is "far more favorable that has
been reDorted, "
"eenerallv
He telÍs us, for êxample, of aletter
written a year ago by the Archbishop of
Saigon, Nguyen Van Binh, in which he
saiiÍ that 'heedom of religion has really
been respected. Liturgical ceremonies
are going on as befote and conversions to
Catholicism still talce place. " Mr. Musil
tells us that the American press has
ignored such statemedts. On the other
hand, Mr. Musil has ignored a more
recent statement made by the Archbishop in a letter to the Vátican in
Octobèr, 1977. In this letter, Archbishop
Binh said that conditions were becoming
extremely difficult for the Cetholic
Church in Vietnam because it hadbeen
labled a tool of imperialism by the Hanoi
government and was forcedto incorpor.
ate Marxist doctrine lnto its teachings.
I am

\

ârrests occurred shortty after a city hall
meeting in Saigon in which Buddhists

speech, press, meeting, organization,

letter, Archbishop Dien complained that

churches have not been allowed to hold
services or have been take¡ over, thore
has been widespread job dlscrimin¿tlon
against Catholiôs, and students have
béen subjected to anti-Catholic
teachings in the schools.

In addition to arresting religious
Ieaders, the Hanoi govemment has
severely restricted the numbers of
people who can become monks or
priests. The reason for this was given in
a speech by Mr. Nguyen Xuan Huu,
Central Committe member, and Party
Secretaryforthe province of Phu Kh¿inh,
at the National Liberation Front meeting
of June 15,1976, in which he stated thaf
"to practice the profession ofmonk or
priest is to betray the natipn" and that
"monks and priests are crooks disguised

religious freedom in Vietnam exists "on
papèr" but not in realþ and that
Catholics are treated as second-class
citizens.
Among the specific grievances
mentioned in his lettet were: priests
have not been allowed to serve Catholics
inthe New EconomicZones, some

Archbishop Dien's lettet was written
in response to a rheeting ofreligious
leadeis that was convened by the Hanoi
government in which the religious
leaders were asked to denounce the six
leaders of the Unified Buddhist Church
who were arrested on April 6 ,1977 . One

ofthe Buddhist leaders ârrested, Ven.
Thich Quang Do, had said in a letter to
Buddhist followers, March 3 , 1977 , that

manv Buddhist pasodas hadbeen closed
dowir and manv'Btíddhist statues had
'been destroyeð by the new regime. The
day after their ariests, a city official and
security officer warned the Buddhists to

activities, such as
propaganda against the military draft.
cease dissident

According to Dr. Tran Ngoc Ninh, a
recent refugeefrom Vietnam, these
z

wlN J an. ts, lózs

had

.

imprisoncd.

as

" "Standard Fruit Company. "
Please send us any newspaper articles
or other published reports that appear in
your area. We would also be interested
in any information about working
conditions or any ofthe other issues
Iisted above. Iffact, wecould usejust
about anything that you can fÏnd about
the company, so don't hold back.
If you, or somêone else in your ,..
organization, would like to serve as a
contact for this Castle & Cooke proiect.
'
we will putyour name on ourlisi ariãFruit,

furnished a government official with
"concrete evidence of violent reptession
in 400 cases involving Buddhists. "
There have been d number ofother
religious leaders who have also been
arrested. The Vatican officially lists 176
Catholic priests as imprisoned in
Vietnam. However, this list is old and
the current tgtal is more likely between
two and three hundred. Others who have
been arrested would includè Mr.
N&lyen Thanh Nam, the "Cocoanut
Monk" who became well known to
members of the Deace movement for
calling for the peãceful reunification of
Vietnam, Mr, Tran Quang Vinh (73
years old), leader of the Cao Dai
Buddhists, Monsignor Nguyen Van
Thuan, Deputy to the Archbishop of
Saigon, Father Tran Huu Thanh, leader
of the Anti-Corruption Movement
against the Thieu regime, and Mr.
Luong Trong Tuong (74 years old),
leader of the Hao Hoa Buddhists, who
called upon his followers tolay down
their arms during the last days of the w4r
and threatened to commit suicide if they
didn't. According to Mr. Tuong's
daughter, the leadership of theHoa Hao
sect, along with "tens ofthousands of
followers," have been arrested and

He also expressed concern for the future
ofthe children who,are now bélng
educated in Marxist doctri,ne.. Another
recent letter, written by the Archbishop
of Hue, Nguyen KimDien, also
expressed concern for the future ofthe
Caiholic Church in Vietnam. In this

"

"Castle &
Cooke Foods," "Castle & Cooke Fresh
under "Castle & Cooke,

proletariaris,"

It is regrettable that many of those
who led the anti-war movement now find
it necessary to defend political and
religious repression in Vietnam. Mr.
Musil tells us that "one's view of reeducation and whether it is, as the
Vietnamese claim, 'lenient' depends on
what policy one feels should háve been
adopted toward the more than 1.5
million Viethamese who collaborated '
with the American effort. "

Article

11 of the Paris Peace

Agreements specifically prohibits "all
acts of reprisal and discrimination
against iridividuals or organizations that
have collaborated with one side or the
other.

" It also guarantees

such

democratic freedoms as freedom of

political activities, belief, and freedom of
movement. Unfortunately, none of these
freedoms currently exist in Vietnam. Nor
have the people ofSouth Vietnam been
allowed to "decide themselves the

political future ofSouth Vietnam
through genuinely free and democratic
general elections undér international
supervision, " as called for in Article 9.

_SIEPHENR.DEI\NEY
Portland, Ore.

keepyou fglly informed as things
develop. Please let us hear from you.

_IANLINI)

casue & cooke ^lct¡onz

ne#cÎ'Ëåi#l

Honoru,3lff1,*tä;;

Castle & Cooke, one ofthe nation's

Iargest agribusiness corporations, is
best known for the products which have
these labels: Dolo (bananas, pineapples,
and mushrooms) ; Bumblebeo (seafoods,
including tuna, salmon, shrimp, and
crabs); Sh¡dy O¡k (canned muihrooms).
Although the company is headquarteted
in Hawaii, it has operations across the
mainiand United States and in a number
of third world countries.
AFSC-Hawaii has chosen Castle &
Cooke as a ''case study" ofthe operations and effects ofinternational
agribusiness. We have collected quite a
bit of information already, and are ,
producing a slide show (already in 'draft'
form) as well as a series of articles. We
have also initiaféd an action campaign to
call public attention to the issues and to

build support for a stockholders'
resolutiõñ which will be presented at the
company's annual meeting by national
religious groups. Among the issues
which seem most imoortant to us are the
company's treatmeni of workers, both
on third world olantations and here in
the US; the poiition of women in the
company's óperations; labor policies,
includlng working coirditions, pesticides
and chemical safety, teliance on
"casual" of "seasonal" workets, and
opposition to unionization; the economic
anõ social impact of the company on local
communitiesl and the threat (already
carried out in Hawaii) to move its
ooerations out ofthe United Sates.
^
In ordertobecome more effective, we
are attemotine to build a network of
contacts iir thõse areas where Castle &
Cooke does business. This lettet is being
sent to individuals and organizations incommunities where eastle & Cooke has
maior fdcilities.
iou can help by sending us
information about Castle & Cooke's
activities in your areas. According to
Company reports, its operation nèatest

You do not know us. We'are five
p4l9ler.s, isolated in the "Super Max"
cell block in Lucasville Prison. Today,
Jan. 1, 1978, we five are þoing on a
"Death Fast" in protestõfon"e ofus
(Wayne Raney) fõr having been in this
isolation since 1973 for thè death ofa
prison guard. Our sole demand is that
Wayne Raney be transferred by the

Department of Corrections to another
State or Federal prison, for the
department has repeatedly told Wayne
he_can never getout oflsolation as long
as he is in this prison system. Provisioñs
in law provide for such transfers, but
Ohio apparently wants to keep Wavne
isolated as a deterrant towardì any other
plisoners doing harm to guards. Iie is
Ohio's "show oiece."
You may feel that Wayne needs to
_
be isolated since he was responsible for
another man's death, butthè facts are
that when a prisoner kills another
prisoner he is only kept in isolation 3 to 6

montls. \{ayne has been in Super Max
now fot 4Vz years without ever having

any fresh air or sunshine, Doctors have

proven that a man's mind will deteriorate after such a long period of time in
such conditions as this man has been

exposed to. What the department is
saying, in effect, is that it is ok to kill
another prisoner but ifyou harm a suard
we will bury you in isolãtion. We bðlieve
that all life is precious in the eyes ofGod
and that puniihment should be applied
çqu4!y. Thus Wayne;hapalready been
punished very severely fõr his wiong
doing, ar¡d since he cannot be releas-ed
back to the general prison poþulation we
feel that he should lie tranGfeired so that
he can be given a chance in another
prison system, whère he can live in a

somewhathumane life.
In any event Wayne has vowed to fast
until death, or until á transfer is given
him. He has reached the end of h-ís
endurânce and would ratherbe dead
than to continue life in a caged ceil in
isoJaþ1, with no hope iif ever getting
out. He has not been in any sort of

troublefot2Vz years and we feel that
he has proven himself to be a better

personãnd thus deserves another
chance. He will not have that chance
unless he is transferred! \{e other four
priso4ers (Dave Lovejoy, Don
Nickeròon, Jay Dee Sôottand Kellv
Chapman) have all vowed to fast with
' Wayne until he is either
transferred or
dies, oruntil we die. Waynerryill
consume nothirig but saft water during
thefast. Three of us (Kellv Chaoman.Don Nickerson and Dave iovejo]y) are
newly converted Christians, whô are
awaiting þaptism by the prison's

chaplain.'

-To assíst us it would help greatly if each
of you wrote letters or mad-Jphoné calls

to Mr. George Denton, Direciorof the
Department of Corrections, 1050
Freeway Drive North, Columbus, Ohio
43229, phone number (614) 466-6190 and
also write letters to various news media
informing them of our fast and why
we are_fasting. Without outside suþport

we realize that the department wililèt us
die. We are ncit askinà formuch. onlv

that Wayne be transférred and giveñ
another chançe. Who are we to õast the
frrst stone. Anv assistance that vou sive
us

will be greaily appreciated.

"

-KELLYCIIAPMAN/12253
Lucasville, Ohlo Pentúenüa¡y

an.19 1978/Yol.XlV No,2
4. CubaJournal

Patrick LaceÍield
12. Stopping Spain's Nuclear
Program / Joan Roca
14.Trojan Verdict: The Nukes are
Cuilty / ll r o i a n D ecom missioning Alliance
1

5. Let the J ury Serve J ustice
Rìchard Bqwers

17. Changes
19. Review/ War.ren Liebotd

Cover: Designed by Susan Beadle
Fidel poster from Lenin School.
Mural by teenage students in
Havana./Back cover drawing by
J im Chupa
STAFF
Susan Beadle o Robert Ellsbere

Patrick Lacefield o Lauri Lowell

Susàn Pines o Murray Rosànblith

Atlantic Ave. / Sth Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Telephone: (212)624,83t7, 624-81gs
503

UNINDICTED
CO.CONSPIRATORS
SandraAdickes . PegAverill' . .lan Barry r ¡¡¡6s
Belvjlle r MarisCakars. . SusanCakarsr'. Jerry
Coffin o Lynne Shatikin Coffin o Ann Davidon ¡ iluth
Dear o Ralph Digia* . William Douthard' . Dwiaht
Ernest*. RuthannEvanoff* e ChuckFager r Jirñ
Forest o LarryGara o Ed Hedemann* . óraceHedemann* . MartyJezer o paul Johnson ¡ lohn
Kyper o Elliot Linzer* o Jackson Mablow o Ciavid
McReynolds' e MaryMayo o DavidMorris. Vaik
Morr¡s . J im Peck o lgal Rmdenko. . Vicki Rovere"l
WendySchwartz* ¡ MarthaThomases . ArtWaskow
Susan

Wilkins

r

Beverly Woodward

!Memberof WIN Editor¡al Board

WIN is'published every Thursday except for the first
week in January, the fourth week in Marrh, the second

week in J une, the last two weeks ¡h August, ihe first two
weeks ¡ri September and the last week-in òecember bv

W.l.N. Magazine, lnc. with the support of the Wai
Resisters League. Subscript¡ons are $15. per year.

Bulletin Populaire/cpf

Second clais posrage paid at Nerú York, Ny itmi and
additional mailing offices. lndividuál wiiter¡ are

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given. Sorry-manuscripts cannot be returneä .unless
by a se f -address"O,
orî1rî: ju,

accom pan i ed

I

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J

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l"ûgi

an . 19, 1978, WIN 3

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Pupqn1JnoJeaq olaurl ur ìooq'aspJqd eEenEue¡
qsrued5 paseqcrnd-Á¡r¡seq Áu uuor¡ dn parue¡E ¡

se ÁBoloapt

-esno{ uo.r¡ uor¡ednf,f,o u! pue s.reaÁÁ¡xrs }sourl€
o1 s,g¿ Á¡lea urorl eEe ur a8uBl ÐM 'asÞJqd leql
esn ol sp ploq os aq Áetu I J! ,,'eull Ayed,, ueqn3 aqt
ol saJaqpp /r¡¡ecrto¡oapl qJrq^{ aillrlsu! lpuo!}pJnpa
pUE rloJpÐsar e 'serpnl5 upqnJ rotraluo3 orlt pup
(¡.ro¡ ma¡¡ ¡o Álrsrenru¡ &rf, aqt lotled) a8a¡¡o3
JelunH Áq uenrt esJnof, uorsua¡xâ llnpe ue ¡o yed
eJp eM 'Á¡lsranrun ue)rJarüV ue Áq parosuods Jnol
lsJ!l eql eJe arvr 'sueqn3 eL{} of EulpJof,f,v 'auo)
ol sJolrsrA pqn3 ¡o ra8urqJpu p /asuas ¡ear Áran e ur
'saln¡¡¡suoc suecuaury ÂUl, to dnoJE srql 'Jnol Jno
¡o uo¡1¡sodtuo) eql lnoqe plps aq ptnoqs prom V
'1t Áueduocce ier{l qllea^ pup orüof,ul
¡o sa¡¡nbaur

ÐsnPf,

eql o] Jou ussn aq] ut suotltpuoc anl¡ralqo lnoge
LllnJl aql o] Jol.l]lãu ltparf, prp asrerd palpJallnpeun
qf,ns , i 'sìJoM ]t pup aJnlnl aql uaes a^pq I ¡ , 's ,OZ6L
aql1o saE-rnd aq¡ plure uotull lat^os aql ó] lls!^
pur/lrlJrrl/v\ p ruoJ} uJnleJ stq Jailp suarrals uloJutl
¡sr¡eulnof Eur>¡el¡cnu JoJÐuuput aq] u! /alpls
o] salels pa]!un aq] ol ìrpq uaql puas pue suorl
-da¡uo¡a"¡d ¡ecr Eo¡oapr J raql a)rolu rel o1 pautrsap
sem sJazrLllpdiu,ts qrns Joj ìno p¡e¡ ,fue.rau¡¡¡ aq1
'urslJ

9ll¡r,t

sr úeau.¡

Jallp sJnoq ÐaJqI

Áq¡¡,,¿ s¡redse anrle8au

'qrns

a^rpellof, ou seq
tfpq6
dno.¡t slrll lpL¡r pp¡ eq] sl luec¡¡rutrs astmaìr-l
'6961 ul la¡nod tur>¡e¡ s,uotlnlo^a¡ aql o] JoUd
eqn] PeIsr^ pPq sJaqujouj Jnol lPJa^as 'uaoMleq

dn aso¡ reeq)
I e umop paq)not aupld aql sV
'Moleq pup^eH
slqEr¡
^lsn
tur¡>¡urrvrl aq] pue upÐquJe3
¡o
ðql Je^o-Je^of, pnol) aql qBnoJql lua)sap
aql up8aq pue sau¡Eua slllrpq pogg¡¡qEl¡¡

pueqnJ '¡ear¡go¡rt¡

ueq¡ÁqderSoaE ql¡m pa¡urenbce rallaq

a^eq leql sdno¡E upJUotuv quoN
^aqlaq
lsour alllun leq)

I NtÀt

i,

o¡ pallnbal aJe ueaqtJJ?) aql u! puplst llputs p
o¡ s.to¡rstn,{q/r{ Japuom }t¡Etur sat¡tsranrad ¡ert¡r ¡od

p sE eulo) aM' uolleta
¡ep,,le u Jale J I, I Jaqlo aulos
ro apetr.lg soruaJa)ua¡ eql
'BqnJ o¡ auoE

uP

\
Jo

mat^

I

joy of reaching solid ground once again.
Transferred from the runway to the J ose

Marti

Airport terminal via several rickety old buses, we
sweltered under the weight of the coats and
sweaters worn to insulate ourselves against the
. bitter cold in New York and Montreal.-the
temperature was in the 70,s and the mass of people
crowded into the small customs facilities maäe ii
quite steamy. At least we had music-five shirt_
sleeved Cubans with guitars stood nearthe
doorwa.y and harmonized on Cuban folksongs for
half an houror so, beginning with ,,Cuantana_
mera" of course.
I was somewhat surprised at the laxity of the
customs inspection, at least in my case, parti_
cularly since it contrasted with th'e thorbü[hgoing over our luggage received in Montrãal for
security reasons. After checking my passport
and visa, the inspector waved me thiough
without even opening my bags to peer at what
subversive, tracts I might beiarrying into the
i

country.

Others on our tour were not so fortunate. A
woman and her daughter were searcheJLy the
Cuban customs off icíals and found to be in

possession of an excess of clothing presumably
bound for the inventories of the Hãvana blaðk

-

market. The Cubans were somewhat bewildered to
discover that she also had large amounts of monày
sewn into her coat, since they encourage

\

Americans to bring in and spend aimuch hard
currency as possible in order to make a dent in their
abysmal ba.lance of payments. The woman tamãiy explained that the money was sewn into the lining
of the coat for warmth since it had been so cold inNew York. And what about the f ifty brassieres she
had wrapped around her body, askãd the Cubans.
H.er teen-age daughter asserted indignantly that
" lf Cuban women can wear f ifty bras then so can
wel" The customs people were neither impressed
nor amused but showed admirable restraint in
merely holding the excess goods forthe duo until
their departure and not deforting them as thàymight well have done.
Ourtwotour leaders-Sandy Levinson of the
Center for Cuban Studies and Johnetta Cole of the
Venceremos Brigade-were furious. We were a bit
perturbed ourselves since this delayed our
departure from the airport by an hoûr, leaving us to
listen to the incongruous American diico music
piped over the intercoms of the two Spaà ish Fiat
"Turismo" buses that wdre to be ouitransport for
the next week.
_ During our ride from the airport in Rancho
Boyero to Havana 1Z kilometers away, we received
our first impressions of Cuba, as our" ióur guides
gaye a running account of the various moñumênts
and build.ings on the route. .J esus, a somewhat
portly fellow with wavy black haírand a cigar
perpetually hanging from his mouth, welcãmed us
to Cubaon behalf of Cubatur (the naiionaltourist
agency) and lCAP (the Cuban lnstitute of
Friendship with the peoples) and averred that
6

WIN

J

an. 19, 1978

while hewas notthe best guide hewas,,theonly
" Our first tãsteof the indomitablã
Cuban humor.
One is immediately qtruck by the beauty of the
island, which Columbus tabbeä ,,the rnost
beautiful land I have ever seen,, when he landed
here in J492. The greenery and varietyof thá -foliagdis quite impressive and the hoúses and
b.uild,ings are well-ke.pt and utilitarian (though
shabby from age) rather than ostentài¡àirs. We
sa*
many Cubans taking strolls, bending an elbow at
their neighborhoodbar, or waitine fõibuses.
Buses crowded with Cubans zoom-ed pãit us
as did

i:

one available.

young people on Czech and Soviet motorcycles,ihe
latter with sidecar. Even a nrrU"ioiViniuge
Pontiacs, and Buicks wereon the óads,
P:9,qut,

hetdtogether.by a mixture of willpower; a twelftir
paint job, and spare parts importåd thróugh
Argentina. Billboards exclaiming that ,,T-hings go
betterwith Coke', have been ,rrËluntla UV
inf in itely more aesthetic, bri ghtly colorãå
Tgs:aCg.s hailíng the 60th anniversaryof the
Bo shevi k Revof ution com plete with dãterm
i n ed
visageof tenin and theobligatory hammer_andsickle. Still others promote ihe communisl youth
testivalto be held next summer in Havanaor
display an exhortatory quote from Cf¡e ô.1 ose
Marti, respectivelythe martryed disciple and the
patron saintof the Cuban Revolution. '
I

_ At long last we arrive.at our lodgings: the Hotel

Havana Libre, a place'in central Hãvãnawith an
interesting background. The hotel was oneof
several luxury establishments constructed in
Havana paradoxically during the heightof the
Revolutionary struggle agaiñst Batisla in 1952_5Q.
I he American investors who built it sawthese
as
safe and prof itable investments regardless of the
outcome of the domestic conf lict thãn in progress.
The Havana Libre, formerly known as thL Hávana
Hilton, was the jewel in Conrad Hilton,s crown _a
center of casino gambling, proStitution, and other
pleasures that suitedthe fancyof the wáalthy -'
Europeans, American, and Cuban el¡te. ¡llthat
c.hanged with the Revolution when the workers at
the hotel, not surprisingly among the most
militant, seized it. Thereafter ít fiassed into public
ownership. The new revolutionary government

launched exten sive cam pai gn s again st prostitution, gambl in g, 4nd other trãff ¡cking in ïice and
drugs. (The problem of prostitutio-n alone was no
smal I matter- in 1 958 there were more than 300
brothels, 700 bars, and 15,000 prostitutes in
Havana alone. ) Where once on'ly the wealthy f re_
quented the.lobby,. nowone obsärves ordinary
Cubans and green-fatigued militiamen, as well as
tourists and delegations_the likes of which we in the
States do not often see-,Russians, North Koreans,
Rumanians, Czechs, and Angolans.
Nevertheless, the Havana Liþre stíll retains a
good bit of the old air of elegànce and aristocracy. I
note the trees growing uhderneath a spectacular
sun-roof in the lobby, complemented by a cu.v¡ng-'

1

staircasê, though a more spartan decor sé'ems to be
emphasized geñerally' We are shepherded to the
25ti'r floor, thã dining room, for "a little.snack" that
turns out io be a f ull meal with wine and deisert '
What with the formally dressed waiters, the
eleeant dining room, andthe piano playertinkling
out""As Time Coes BY" , I feel as if l've stepped
into a Crade-B movie set in the Havanaof the
1930'sor 194O's. Theonly incongruence isthe
massive "socialist realism" mural sprawled across
thefront wallof the dining room depicting Cuban
*oiliurt in agriculture, construction work, manufacturing and health care, highlighted bythree
vouns nren standing in the middleof the mural.
ône hotds aloft a book by J ose Marti, another's
clenched f ist shoots skyward, andtþe third çarries
a red

Recognizing the natural.skepticism of
Americans and others from capitalist. societies
about the genuine voluntary nature of "volunteer
work" such as built this park, I asked him to
explain the concept..He pointed to the great
qxample which Che Cuevara set by engaging in
such work every Sunday- in the mines, the f ields,
or in the factories-and explained how the
mass organizations mobilize the citizenry. "Does
everyone participate?" I inquired. "Some do nót

flag.

Sunday, November20

Ourfirstfull

day in Cuba began with atrip to Lenin

Park, a huge 1 600 acre recreation area a few
kilometerioutside Havana. The park, according to
g u i de J es u s, was com p eted i n 197 2 a'tter two years
õf construction involving 60,000 residents of
Havana putting in volunteer time through tþeir
mass organizations-the Cuban Women's
Federation, the Committees for the Defense of the
Revolution, the trade unions and the student
federatiohs. lts completion fulfilled the longtime
need of the people of Havana for a large rgcreational area in which to spend a Sunday afternoon
such as this. Among the facilities are horseback
f

riding, a miniature train, cafeterias, an art gallery,an aqïarium, and a libraryto name butafew. Allof
these thihgs are free of charge, of coûrse. We
strolled about the park for an hour or so, snapping
pictures, talking to people, mingling with the many
Cubans, and visiting the open-air aquarium, the
open-air amphitheatre and a poster exhibit
honoring the Bolshevik Revolution.
t and several others of our tour accosteij another
of our guides, Maria Theresa, with a barrage of
questions about automobiles in Çuba and gasoline
rationing. She expldíned that Cubans can buy 25
gallons of gas a month at6Od. a gallon and
an unlimited amount after that at $2 a gal lon. The
costof a new Argentine automobile, she said,
would run about 4000 pesos, or $5000. Cars are
such scarce commodities th¿rt the workers in the
factories decide whether one's situation and
revolutionary ardor merits the purchase of a

u*H!|fier,,he

posterexh¡bit, I noted a large group

of what looked like Af ricans entering the building.
"Yes," said Lorenzo, another of our guides t
"those are Angolans," and he proceeded to tell me
that most of Cuba's tourists come from Canada,

Angola, Venezuela, and Communist bloc nations.

"Very soon, I hope, many Ameri,cans will come as
well,''' he statedwith a smile. ln theyears just
before the Revolution nearly 85 o/o of all Cuban
tourists hailed from the United States.
.

CÂDA
Ð*CR*ABT,E,
{,¡ffå ptAaJb,

fr$ñãf,Ëgâ

A red, yellow, and blue

billboard.

r

liketodo it," he replied. "Avery small numb ur?" I
asked. "Oh yes, because most people rightly see
this as contributing to the whole of society-to their
children, totheirfriends." "And the recalcitrant .
ones, is peer-pressure exerted on them?" I asked,
trying to determine the degree of coercion. Lorenzo
replied, "Their neighbors and fellow workers
attempt to change their minds. As time goes by_
such peoplewiII disappear." Hewenton toexplain
that he had been too younþ to participate in the
struggle against Batista but " l participate in the
Revolution today, my whole fam i ly does . My wife is
a Young Communist, I cannot be for at thirty I am
too old." We joked about how age requirements for
socialist and communist youth organizations seem
to vary from one còuntry to the next.
lncidentally, I find the Cuban attitude toward
public ownership and responsibility quite ref reshing: in Cuba a public park or school or street
belongs to everyone and everyone feels fesponsible for it; by contrast, in New York City public
facilities are perceived as belonging to no one and
are ignored and vandalized accordingly. The
Cubans, given their paucity of resources/ focus on

increasing facilities for public çonsumption at the

expense of private consumptioir. The Un ited

Jan.19, 1978WlN7

y,.de

g rades the pub c sector,
yerse
and
ll,1l::,,..:l
it to decay while placing its vast resources
at
lJtoyr
rne otsposal
I

Over lunch I became embroiled in my
first
ideotogicat debate of the trif á, Ciiilävrno
chose
the seat next to mine unããJmJnì;;t"ä.
more_
tha,n-adequate commãnd
th"
t"ngrug".
A discussion arose over American
"f
uï¡iu¿es toward
Cuba and Cuiileymo brouchîutif,ä

Ii

of the private sector.
. ,Leaving.the.park, we passed by the Salvador
rrlencte school where all the primary school
teachers for Havana province uru tiáiÃéå;
we also

, to me and stated emphatically,;,We

Fiä;iäärãïä' ih.
inanity of her asking about

asked. we

nesative

place which we are visiring,
öin
i n gs una
Fyl
:ven
uurleymo encourages us to feel free to roam
around Havana, talk to unyon" *" *un1,
ái¿ t"L"
'p-íctures.of anything we want (except
rniiitur/¡nstallations, of course). Actually, not
so many
years ago the Cubans w.re mrch rnor"
r"st.¡cl¡ve

:::l

a

Éül.i;;.

"*"
uil,*ãÌì;il;;ä;-

about what visitors could photogräpï.
nãullrtion
Square was off-limits to pìcrurä-iär¡"g-å, .åläntry

fjy: years ago because óf t¡,u go*¡n,i*t
fDurtcltngs
surrounding it, and overzealous security
personnel occasionally detained p"opt"
*ù
photographed
Cubans queuing ,p oütriaéi stores.

si

unfõrtqr4"iyr,åäìo.äipoiä

tife as

V*

f,"

interview;,

*;; ;i,;;;

fn Cuban

television.
C.uilleymo thought the major obstacle
to normalization of relations b"tween ihä
ùññãåit"t",

.

,

Cuba was US insistance on

Cuban.rroops.fromnneqlu,

un¿

th;;ithùiã*"lof

*hårà'öË;;troops

proved to be the deciding fá.to.
¡n ttãîi.tory of the
Poputar Movement f or.tñ" ilL;r;;äioiìneol"

ff nii#"îi$lî*iftråijr**tix,li,,
sqã.ilì"îåiiåäi¡ve
*re
three had wag.ed a rg"e
Po rt

u

ge s g

an

d

th

en I aüñcÀ óJ

fareamon gst themse.tver
and UNTTA) received aiaJ¡om

out

i

n

ióìn iã.T". i ne

iËäiil;ääìrh"

wa r_

rNr_¡
'.

tfreü;¡Ëd3il"s,
Africa, zaire,"no cr,inå *ñ¡i. ilìä vprn
I_y,t
was s.upported bywar materials
fro, itã Sou¡.t,
and

thousands of Cuban iñ"pr Ë*rliiìv
$,ere are
around 20,000 cuban t.oops in Äns;Ë.'
ir,"¡l.
presence there h.as thrown
a.wet blã[åt'over
nopes tor normalization in tlie near
future since

*itü;;;i'åir"_

President carter has ma¿e iheìr"
requisíte. Guilleymo, echoing the
ü;á;;f Fidel
castro, denou ncäd, ú.t iãnaii¡onrîi
äiärr.nt to

i ltl f, : ¿3*t,,t,*irli.;"i',ï;
fiTtåi;i,:til
themultinationat corporate

i;;""

lrooos were not now interferi;ti; ÃË;Ë,
internal affairs and forming a bîlwa;Ëi;'lupport

Neto'

s

crackdown usa¡ n st

ãntí_il;i.iäät

of

i sts and
working-class dissid"entr, ü ñurÉL"i
.äiä.r"¿
¡n
some quarters. He looks at me incredul;r;¡tã;ä;
us ins a fam i I iar foi l, states
rimpii,ärãi

otaking

á

bourgeoiiãtiiirãl.

lali
ïi,^m isin_

l"^ra_¿.11r
posrng
this question from a socialist point oi
view,,,
I insisted. "Are you a Marxistã)7
t äi,lä,lrå¿

,,yg.t,

a

Marxist but nor

repl ied. "Th ere

i

s

ã

the diff

remarked perceptivety.

ÀÄ;;¡ri_iåä"iri,,
erÀ";;

I

Ë"i;;;ì,is,,,

h

e

A windsh ield tour of the city of Havana
takes us
to Miramar, the former preseiveof
Hãvana,s el¡te.
The opulence of the larg'e.exquis-¡t"
country

íi;r*;;

clubs rnd large well-mãn¡curäd rot, si*ãli,
starL
contrãst.to th9 Rgyerty, cramped quarteri,

and

matntftrition in Old Havana_the other side
of the
tracks as it were before 1959. After the
owners of
SWlN Jan.19, 1978

I

i
i¡
t,

I
I

¡n

rape of half of the
African continent.
Nodding agreementon this, I asked
him
wnerner, with the imminent threat
of external
intervention by Sourh nfricaãfan;;;;

Miramar section of Havana, where mansions
have been turned ¡nto daycare
centers, schools, and embassies.

i

fi

*,"
nce ABC-Tv åir"ã å" iv ;ä;';or.,
rather

than the entire

I ive i n. " The Cuban
Revol utioi'ñái-råõ t.urn"ndou,s strides in housing since 1959fuiiìIut¡rti.,

tlr"

È¡deliîLirln"l

opposed to more substantive mãttJri.;Hãuå
seen the f ull eíght hours of the iñià-rujà*a,,

can,t j"
(modutar housing) in the US Éó.uuruãiin" ù;f
oamnecf construction unions. That,s one
of the
reasons we can,t build housing people
can affãrd tò

Af an informational meeting þack at the Havana
Libre prior to.lunch, we are foim"llt;;ì;;;däLuoa oyuul I leymo, a self_described,,f unction_
ary" with tCAp and the only Alack ðub; assigned
to our tour, who outlines the week,s
iiinäiarv iñ
Span ish wh i le J esus translateJ. Wã,ïoîtä,tr¡u"
to be punctual and to relate oui qr"riiå"ni'to

Ëå.u".u

watters interviéw *ith

turned-

aside, the incredible vólume of hoús.nn'-'
construction in progress bears witness"to
that.

t"

Ë;;ki

p4ssed several construction s¡tes whãre modular
an urban ptanner
emptoyed by ?,"¡ng.þuitt..Cinger,
the US. federal government,

lllì,ic y1

.[

¡

IJ

f{

I

t

ii
i¡
t:
.1

these palatiat residences f led the country in the
wake of the Revolution, the houses were put to
,-näìã r"è¡

i; ¡tãt, I prrpos"t

-

''rta;t

us m ultiple f am i lv

dwellines."l libraries, dali-care centers and

Cuba's "Fifth Avenue" had
face-tift, to be sure' our
iuuttuntiue
;;à;;;;";
n"*irióp id des¡ehed to completethe picture:
ftãri"g seen h äru noï to note the ostentatious manner in which
lhãv marked their death, at Colon cemetary' This
probably
n iåíuvur¿, on'e of the worl d' s argest,
cherubs,
alabaster
and
marble
ãontu¡nt more
aneels, and other assorted f igures all el.aborately
caived and mounted per square inch than anyother
ipot. What an outrage, lthought, at,l reboarded
the bus after strolling amidst the monuments, to
soend such riches on constructs tothe dead while
ihe greater part of the living were so poorly
provided for.
The Cubans have in mind a special treat for our
ing: a trip to the Tropicana, located in
Sunday even
'suburb
and one of the few remaining
a garden
night.lubs in Havana. Weenter, pushingourway
pa-st Cubans who, less fortunate than we, are
queuing up for tickets. Large wall photographs in
the lob6v of Ceorge Raft, Betty Crable, Frank
Sinatra and other stars beartestimonyto a bygone
era when life'¡n Havana began at dusk. Huge palm
trees i I I um i n,ated by m u lti-colored spotl i ghts tower
over the outSide setting where, I estimate, one
thousand peop!e sit. Some order drinks and others
the reportedly vile dinners f rom waiters sporting
white coats and blackties; others rumba and samba
on the crowded dance f loor. Much of the glitter and
glamour, the brashness of the old days,lives on,
though the gambling once prevalent beforethe
Revolution when owner and underworld f inancier
Meyer Lansky held sway here is no longerthe
integral part of the Tropicana scene.
When the floorshow begins, however, it is quite
obvious that the more th ings chan ge, the more they
remain the same. The show combines a Busby
Berkeley-style review and elements of traditional
Cuba folklore with a large (one might say, toxic)
dose of Las Vegas burlesque thrown in' Scantily
clothed women pnance about, makiñg allthe moves
that one might exþect to see in an American

;óm;;;äyiãnters.
u

I

n i ghtcl ub, where few self -respecti n g rad ical s
would deign to be observed. Sandy and J ohnetta,
ourtour leaders and confirmed Cubaphiles, anticipating the discomfort which, manyof us would feel
with this spectacle, had insisted beforehand that
the Tropicana show had changed with the advent of
the Revolution and socialism, integrating Cuban

folklore and political themes, and downgrading the
sexist overtones. lt just isn't so. First of all, the
political content of the show was minimal,
according to fellowtour members around me
whose Spanish permitted them to follow the lyrics '
Also. let's face it, a bump-and-grind is a bumpand-grind whether one is singing "support proletarián internationalism, victoryto the Angolans! "

Floorshow at the Trop¡cana

or not. Such blatant sexism simply cannot be rational ized under the preten se of respecti n g

"cultural relativism," although manytour
members saw no contradiction in praising in Cuba
a performance they would denounce in New York or
Las Vegas. Whatever labels one m ight choose to
give the performance, " social i st" i s certainly not
an appropriateone. No doubt ¡nany Cubans would
agree with me that the show stands as a holdover
from the decadent bourgeois pre-Revolutionary
period rather than as exemplary of a progressive
culturaltrend in a socialist society.
Monday, November2l
Our f irst stop on today's itinerary is the Lenin
High School outside Havana, so this is a goodÍime
to take a moment to assay the progress of Cuban
education s,i nce the Revolution. Before the
J

an. 19, 1978WlN 9

Revolution, about a million Cubans, or nearly
quarter of the population over the aie of
ten

a

iere

olfrcraly ril¡terate. Though the liberal Cuban
of 1 94O h ad, prov i ded. for com p u I sory
:!,J y !ig"
scnoottng
between
the ages of six and fourteen,
'

Con_

this provision, like sornany others i" tf,át
Constitution, had gone unreâlized. Wf,iià un
estimated three-quarters of children in urbin
settings attended school, the percentage dropped
to less than 4\o/o in the countryside. Thä pioportion
of Ct¡ban children attending school ¡n tÀJigSO,,

was snrallerthan ín the 1920.s andonlyone in
ten
between the ages of 13 and ra *à"t tã JÃoä1.
Faced with only a four hour school aay aÀã worried over the declining quality of the teaching
t_

a

Lenin School
- The colors and st yle of avant-garde Cuban art are in strong
contrast to socialist realism

force, even poor people began putting their

children into private sch ools. Books and supplies
were in short suppl y due mainlyto the fact
that the
national Education Ministry took a back seat
to
none insofar as co rruption and graft were

concerned

Following the Revolution, the Cuban
government focussed much of its attention
on
education
irst, on eradicating ¡ilit"ruåV ånO,
-,f
second, on the expansion of edrlcation in
bãnurul. tn

the year 1 961,. dubbea tfre

r"*fp)!är.uiån,,,

Ú,u
government closed all secondary schools
andient

the students to search out and teãch theesiimated
one million rural illiterates. After all, háãiot
ose
Marti stated that ,,to be literate is to'UåJieea,,J
This
represented one of the romantic high points
of the
10 WIN

J

Revolution and achieved substantial progress
in
n g i,l I iteracy., despi te the
f aiiihai rome
oDServers telt more rhetoric than
common
com battr

knowtedge had been

RËLÉVO6

disp";*d bñiìä.ãälom

youns peopte who took this tust
ió Àéãrt.ä, Hrgh
Thomas, author of the encyclopeJil
*ort'ilr"
u

a n..R e v

u t i o n.p

!
9
prejudice
than
I

I

a

ut t,,,'eeiiê
¡

glum neutrality

learn to read fast . ,,

;

¡f

ã

JJrÈi

ã*

DE LA
JUVÊNTUD

u I ¡ ue r v

cÇMuNtslA,

¡iläing to

CC}MUNISTAS
Þ[.1 FUTURÇ

rãIF:¡Gç-;.srì.
'
work/study such as this serves two functions, both
essential. lt transmits to the studentç. a sense of the
dignity of work and working people, a feel ing
hopefully retained when they move on to positions
of somewhat higher status in the society. At the
same time, this unpaid productive labor enhances
the economic self-suff iciency and viabilityof the
institution. All in all, th is seems to me to represent
a delightful and productive marriageof principle
and pragmatism.
Whilethe restof thetour listenedto anexplanation of the solar system offered by a student
in the school museum, I asked the directorof the
Lenin Schooi, a pleasant, middle-aged woman,
exactly what i deolog ical background i n Marx i sm
was included in the schoolcurriculum. Through an
interpreter she explained that great emphasis was
put on the f undamentals of Marxism-Leninism and
that the entire bibliography for the students ran
book-length. I asked if she would be so kind as to jot
down a few of the more important readings.
Nodding and smiling, she listed a collection of
selected works of Marx and Engels, a book by an
orthodox Soviet Marxist on dialectical materialism,
Lenin's selected works, and two Cuban authors
unfamiliarto me. "Are you a student of
Marxism ?" she asked. I responded in the
aff irmative and thanked her for her time.
Wandering through a myriad of classrooms, all
modern, clean and painted in bright, cheery colors,
wearrived atthe school's language lab,oneof 72
tlrroughout the country donated to the Cubans by
the Soviet trade union federations. Students in the
school are required to enroll in either four years of
Russían or English and these courses are quite
popular. The principal mentioned that the Ministry
of Education is hoping in the near f uture to
inrrocluce the reaching of Russian and English in
the primary school curriculum.
I inquire whether the students, parents, or
faculty of schools like the Lenin School have input
and are actively involved in determining curricuI um . " No, " states the pri nci pal matter-of-factly,
"the Ministry of Education alone decides such
matters. " He goes on to say that parents receive
time off f rom work to visit the schools and talk to
the teachers about any problems that their children

may be havi ng. Th is fai I s to al leviate my concern
over the vesting of educational policy decision-

making in the hands of government bureaucrats
and technocrats rather than in the people and the
possibilities of abuse and manipulation that concentration of power in an elite portend. I recall
J esus' advice as we stepped off the bus to enter the
school: "Don't try to compare. Put yourself in the
Cuban perspective. " lt occurs to me that he should
h ave substituted "Marx i st-Len i n i st" f or " Cuban"
since the system seems less uniquely Cuban than
uniquely Marxist-Leninist in f lavor.
Concluding the tour, we pass by a room f illed

with gifts given to the fifty best Lenin School
students by the Soviets when these ch ildren were
awarded with a trip to the Soviet Union last year:
flags, banners, even a bronze bust of el jefe
maxi mo h imself
with
- Fidel Castro aroùnd the grounds
gargantuan cigar. A Quick spin --çomplete
of the school and our morning-long tour is at an
end. The Lenin School stands as an exampleof the
tremendous di stance revol utionary.Cuba has
come, even taking into consideration that most
Cuban schools do not approach this caliber, since
top priority was given to the education of Cuba,s
next generation.

A few seats in front of me on the bus, one of our
tour leaders is putting forth her view (which
coincides, i ncidental ly, with that of the Cuban
government)on Cubâ's most famous political prisoner: Huber Matos. The Matos case is an interesting one. lt graphically illustrates the
neo-Stalinist approach adopted by FidelCastro and
his cohorts since the very beginning of the
Revolution which equates dissent with treason and
punishes accordingly
Huber Matos, a small farmer and intellectual
had fought alongside Castro and Che Cuevara in
the Sierra Maestra, rose to the highest rank of
comandente in the rebel army and became a popular leader in the 26th of J uly Movement, the name
of the radical nationalist opposition to Batista
headed by Castro. Afterthe Revolution, he was
appointed Covernorof Camaguey Province, a particularly delicate assignment since the region had
long been the f iefdom of the large landowners.
By mid-1959 Matos became alarmed at the rapid
growth of the Cuban Communist Party in the
government and the replacment of 26th of J uly
militants with old-line Stalinists. He possessed a
keen knowledge of the checkered past of the Cuban
CP, in particular their compromise of a general
strike against the dictator Machado in 1933, their
collaboration witfi Batista during World War ll,
and their lukewarm and marginal support for the
liberation movement against Batista up until 1958.
ln October, 1959, he wrote to Castro expressing
his desire to resign and return to teaching.
"Everyone who has spoken frankly to you about the
Communist problem has hadto leaveor be

dismissed. . . . lt is wrongtotreatthosewhowantto
discuss serious problems as reactionary conspiraContinued on page 2'l

an . 19, 19ZB
J

an. 19, 1928 WIN 1I

Zorita
Carona
Vandellos
Almaraz I
Almaraz ll
l-emoniz I
Lemoniz ll

València Don J uan
u-E

;

L'Ametlla I
L'Ametlla ll
Ea-lspaster I
Ea-lspaster ll

Asco I
Asco ll

Deva I
Deva ll

Cof rents

Sayago

Trillo I
Trillo ll

Stoppitrg Spain's Nuclear Program

tra

Valdecaballeros I
Valdecaballeros ll

.&te5

Vandellos ll
Vandellos lll

I

Sastago
Sastago

dA

|lr

Regodola (xove)

by Joan Roca

t^

Minister for lndustry and Energy, Senor
Oliart, said recentlythat in Spain the nuclear
option is inevitable. He also said that by 1982 we
will have9 nuclear powerplants in operation. When
questioned about the safety of atomic energy, he
declared, "this is a riskthat we haveto accept" and
"nuclear dangers are insignificant compared with
human misery." (!)

¿i.¿or. ¡n¿riÉ.

l'

I

*-"

aile¡

II

I

ff'e proUiem ¡sïÉat nobody in Spain has ever'
been asked what s/he th inks.about nuclear energy,
and proper background information has not beeñ
provided. The brand new democratically elected
government is trying to implement the nuclear
program designed bytheir Franco predecessors.
At the same timethe people are becoming more
and more aware of the nuclear dangers and are

carrying out many demonstrations to showtheir
opposition
The Spanish Nuclear Program
a population barely exceeding 35 million and
a land area of '196,000 square miles, Spain is

With

moving toward a high nuclear density. The present
situation is:
3 nuclear power plants in operation (total: 1,120
megawatts)
7 núclear power plants under construction (total:
6,555 megawatts)
8 plants authorized for construction (total: 8,064
megawatts)

Joan Roca is a Spanish anti-nuclear activistand is
also active in the international nonviòlent

movement.
12

WIN

J

i

A

20 new projects awaiting authorization (total:
2O,07O

megawatts)

ln operation
:

Besides these 38 nuclear power plants, a Center
for Nuclear Research is to be built, with the specific
goal of producing the A-bomb in the early 1gB0,s.
A number of questions need to be raised
concerning proposed sites. ln some areas it is.
proposed that a complex of two or three nuclear
power plants be built together. Some of the plants
being constructed do not meet the requirements of
safe distance from inhabited areas. Another is to be
bu i)lt in a volcan ic area with greàt danger of reactivaiion.
According to the current program, by 19BS 57%o
of our electricity will be supplied by nuclear
energy. The Spanish utility companies have no
more than 650/o particípation in the pr:ogram. The
rest is foreign investment.
External Dependence
Spanish uranium mines can only supply 20% of the
amount needed. The rest must be imported, mainly
from Canada. Thus far, the uranium has been
,enriched in the US, but dn agreement has now been
'made with France and the Soviet Union for the
period 1978-2OOO. More than 6o0/o ofthe reactors
will be supplied by Westinghouse. The rest will
come from France and West Cermany.
.

Brief Historical View and present Situation
Due to the corruption in the government under
Franco, the major industries have been carrying
out nuclear power plant construction without any
license or permit. The f irst three nuclear power
plants, now in operation, were built without any
publ ic information, without consu lti ng

San Vicente
Tarifa I
Tarifa ll
Tudela
Chalamera I
Chalamera ll

N.U,S.A

Almonte I
Almonte ll
Aguilas

Th"
¡

Escafron I
Escatron ll

ld

ln construction

Authorized
Projects

tg Reprocessing
(proiect)

d
(F
i
:

L..{¡il

ñuciear tndusrr-v
Uranium mining
Transportation of
Waste

anyone-even local people who were to be directly

affected. No public hearings or debates were heldr
There were only the mutual arrangements made
among politicians and the boards of utility
companies (very often the sarre peoplecould be
seen playing bofh roles!)
The escalation of nuclear energy planning in
197 4, with'1 7 new projects, f i nal ly brou g ht th i s
issueto public attention. Manyof the popular
movements and some of the political parties which
have been very active in recent years included in

their program$ the right of the people to be
informed aboút nuclear energy and its alternatives
After that the people must be given the power to
' decide. None of these new projects have yet been.
approved, because of this popular pressure..
Although organized opposition is not yet very
strong, the government has encountered an increasing number of mass demonstrations all over
the country. The biggest one was held in the
Basque country ) uly 14, 1977 . Twohundred
thousand people participated to express their
concern about the three nuclear power plants
proposed within 30 miles of Bilbao, a city of more
than 2 million inhabitants. Their motto was ,,We
don't want a new Cuern ica. " Si nce then, plans and
construction have been paralyzed and negotiations
are going on.

Opposition among the local population is
growing rapidlyaround manyof ihe selecteá sites.
One of the most outstanding demonstrations

ry

I

t0

toù

tSO

Waste storage
Nuclear research

Uranium minins
(project)
Waste disposal
(proiect)

NUCLEAR
MAP

involved 60 mayors of different villages in a rural
a.rea. J oined by citizens in trucks, tractors and cars,

the.mayors went to the province capital (Leon) to
make a public statement of opposition to the
nuclear program. The people in the areaof the
proposed Nuclear Research Center are stronglyT
opposed to that project. One of their
/
demonstrations brought about the resig¡ation of
local authorities. Sucñ actions are effecii've even
amo¡g the conservative people.
The pr:esent situation of nuclear energy in Spain

can be outlined as follows:

-a

very passive majority, currently

misinformed or total ly uninformed ;
liberal government favoring the
-an avowedly
private
utility companies and multinational
i nterests;
-an increasing number of people who are
concerned about ecology, alternative energy; and
-a very sensitive minority, which is getting
organized and coordinated at the national and

international levels.
The anti-nuclear movement in Spain, as in other
European countries and in the US, has a lot of work
to do. We are just at the very beginning, but we are
growing-and we are growing together with the
whole anti-nuclear movement around the world.
ADELANTE EN LA LUCHA!
For more information : contact J oan Roca ,
Comite Antinuclear de Catalunya, Casal de la pau,
Bruc, 26,2, Barcelona- 10, Spain.

an . 19, 1928
J

an . 20, 1978 WIN 13

T

N ¡ inety-s.ix anti,nuclear occupiers were acquitI \ te¿ by.an Oregon jury December 16 after
,

expert witnesses:festif ied thatthe nation's largest

' operating,nuclear power plant is an "imminent
,, danger"-,¡o,human life.
,

ì'

Dr. Ernest J. Sternglass

Troj an Verdict:

'

Are Guilty
Ê

d

14

WIN J an. 19, 1978

intentionto "put nuclear poweron trial" as the
state attempted its f irst prosecution of anti-nuclear
protestors, who blocked the Troian gates in August
and November before being dragged off by police.
Members of the Troian Decommissioning Alliance
are demanding immediate permanent shr.¡tdown of
the 1';130-megawatt nuclear plant, which has been
in operation for two years
A spokesperson for Portland Ceneral Electric
Company, main ownersof Trojan, said the utility
was "disappointed" by the verdict. A PCE vice
president had sat next to the district attorney to
assi st the prosecution throughout the trial,
The sixjmember jury deliberated about f ive
hours before returning the unanimous no-t-guilty
verdict. Although Columbia County has a
reputation for being solidly pro-nuclear, several
jurors said after: the trial that the evidence
presented during the trial had convinced them that
nuclear power is dangerous.
Testimony in defenseof theoccupiers included
appearances by expert scientists and fqrmer state
off icials.
¡Dr. Ernest Sternglass, who has done
world-famous studies on the effects of routine
low-level radiation from nuclear power plants, testif ied that his analysis of off icial Oregon state
government data links operation of the Trojan plant
with increased readings of radioactive Strontium
90 in milk produced nearby, and higher'proportions
of infant mortality closer to the nuclear plant.
oDr. Rosalie Bertell, a senior cancer researcher at
the Roswell Park Memorial lnstitute for Cancer
Research in Buffalo, N.Y., told the jury about
studies which show increases in cancer rates
among people living nearest to nuclear power
plants.
.A former director of the Oregon Department of
Energy, Lon Topaz, said the Tr:ojan plant is an
"imminent danger" to human life and should be
immediately shut down and decommissioned. He
said his doubts about nuclear energy began to grow
while he was the state's energy director from J une
197 5 toOctober 1 976, causi ng a feel in g that "th i s
was a technology that had gotten ahead of the
ability of human beings to control it."
As the f irst occupiers going to trial for
anti-nuclear protests at Troian, the 96 defendants
implemented the Alliance's determination to put
.

The Nukes

by Trojan Decommissioning Alliance with drawings
and photo by Bob Rini/Portland Scribe

The h istoric not-gu ilty verdict came after three
days of testimgnyqn thqdangersof nuclear power
A total of abouÍ 200 protesters have been arrested
and charged with trespassing for civil disobedience
at the Trojan nuclear power plant, located 40 miles
northwest of Portland on the Columbia River.
The 96 defendants had announced their

nuclear power on trial by making use of a state '
"choiceof evils" law, similarto statutes known as

"competing harms" or "lawof necessity" in other
states. They were ableto put on experttestimony
about the dangers of nuclear power, contendi¡g
that ref usal to leave plant property was necessary
and justif ied in order to prevent continuation of the
f ar greater wrong posed by the Trojan plant.
After the defense rested, district-court J udge
J ames Mason told the juryto disregard allthe
testimony they had heard on the deadly hazards of
nuclear power. Mason said the jury could not
considerthe "choiceof evils" statute in reaching

their decision.
With the entire basis of their defense ruled irrelevant by the judge after it had already büen presented to the jury for three days, defendants faced
the threat of a mistrial if nuclear powerwere
mentioned intheir closing argument. As the
defendants and supporters stood in the courtroom,
ariAlliance spokesperson participated in the
i'l am
defense closing statement bytelling the jury:
one of the 96 defendants. We know that what we
did was right. We know we are innocent."
The crowd in the courtroom metthe not-guilty
verdict with cheers and wild applause. The district
attorney and utility off icials who had remained to
await the verdict quickly left the courtroom.
Several jurors later çaid they had been angered
by the judge's order at the close of the trial that
they ignore the testimony on-the dangers of nuclear
plants. They also said that the testimony had
turned them against nuclear power..A straw poll
they took among themselves showed that if the
"choice of evils" defense had not been ruled out by
the judge's instructions, they would have reached a
not-guilty verdict "in f ive minutes. "
ln closing arguments, defense attorney Ed Jones
urged jurors to "fol low your conscience" in
reach i n g a verdict. Si nce the j udge had proh i bited
any mention of nuclear power in closing
arguments, he used a contingency plan approved
by defendants if the judge ruled out "choiçe of
evils" at the end of the case-an argument that
protesters had been arrested within a railroad track
right-of-way and therefore the utility had not
proved it had a right to order them off the property
in front of the gates.
County district attorney Martin Sells, who had
prosecuted the 96 occupiers, said " l don't know the
answers" when asked about what effect the acquittal might have on f uture protests at the Trojan
plant.
Meanwh i le, anti-nuclear people were
celebrating. "We succeeded in putting nuclear
poweron trial ," said an Alliance lawyer.
A defendant responded to the verdict by telling a
reporter: "This is a m4jor victory, notonly forthe
Trojan Decommissioling Alliance, but also forthe
worldwide opposition to nuclear power. "
, -Trojan DecommissioningAlliance

Dr, Rosalie Bertell

t
i!
t,
Lon Topaz

Let the Jury
Serve Justice

by Richard Bowers
he jury system developed to protect citizens
against a concentration of the power to punish
J urors are supposed to indiv¡dually represent
the community conscience and its values as to
punishment. Under the traditional jury system
prosecutors must convince the jurors that the
"accused" violated a law.

JI

Richard Bowers is an attorney who is active in
the New YorkCity War Resisters League.
J

an. 19, 1978 WIN 15

T

I
Credit,/Crand

The law limits, but never requires, conv¡ction
and punishment,in a criminal case. The ultimate
questions for each juror is: "Are you sure
pun ishment for this defendant under these circumstances wi ll benefit this society?"
ln an article titled "The J ury as a Political
lnstrument" in Center Magazine (J uly 1970),
Professor J on Van Dyke asserted that justice would
be better served if each jurorweretoldthatthey
had the power to vote to acquit if they believed
applying the law and punishing the defendant
would produce an unjust result.
This is jury nullif ication. Each juror must agree
that the law, as applied in that particular case, is
just. Even when a juror believes the person on trial
engaged in the unlawful conduct in question, s/he
may nullify the law by voting to acquit.
No substantive precedent would result from jury
nullification as each verdict would be made with
regard to the specif ic facts of the particular case
before that jury.
Atthe Chicago Conspiracytrial in 1969, J udge
J ul i us Hoffman told the j ury that they must always
follow his instructions on matters of the law.
Defen se attorneyLeonard Wei

{å,

n

glass objected,

saying: "The defense will contend thatthe jury is a
representative of the molral conscience of the
community. lf there is a conflict between the
ludge's instructions and that of conscience, it
should obey the latter."
ls it likelythat dangerous anti-social persons will
be set f ree in large numbers? No, because when
even one juror believes the accused should be
pun ished and the law is just, the defendant need
not be set f ree. An acquittal, as well as a conviction,
must be unanimous.
You should note that the requirement of
unanimous decisions by juries is under attack. We
must preserve the requirement that all convictions
be by unanimous vote.
The distinction has been discussed between
trials for acts of violence (or other acts) where the
purpose was private gain, etc., and acts of conscience carried out to support some public good .'
The "victims" of crimes óf conscience are usually
the people in power and government. J uries are
unlikely to acquit someone who commits a crime
against members of the general public:
J urors can be advised that they are not required
to enforce a law with which they disagree, Nor do
they need to enforce a law they agree with in
general, butwhich theydisagreewith as applied
under the circumstances of the case before them.
J ury nullification says no juror need blindly
follow any law. A juror decides whetheror notto
applythe law.
Law can and should change. We are not stuck
forever with what the law is now. Whatever the law
is, jury nullif ication can be and should be part of
every criminal justice system.
16WlN Jan.19, 1978

1..:

J

ur-y Report

¡

a

l..-,

a

CHILE HOLDS ,,PLEBISCITE"
John Adams,1771: lt is a juror's rightand
duty. . . "to f ind the verdict according to his
own best understanding, judgement and conscience, though in directopposition tothe
direction of the court. "
Alexander Hamilton, 1804: A jury is duty
bound to vote for acquittal despite the judge's
instructions "if exercising their.iudgement
with discretion and honesty they have clear
conviction that the charge of the court is

TOPROPJUNTA
Chilean voters gave the current
military iunlaaZïo/o plurality in a
'
J anuary 4 referendum to
determ ine publ ic support.
ln a vote which many observers
believe is a bogus attempt to
portray popular support for the
mi I itary dictatorsh ip, Ch ilean
citizens were asked to answer this
statement:
" Before the i nternational
agression unleashed against the
government of our country I back
President Pinochet in his defense
of thedignityof Chileand I
reaffirm the legitimacyof the
government of the republic to
sovereignly lead the process of
institutionalization of the

wrong. "
Spock, Coffin et. al., First Circuit Court of
Appeals, 1971: "Thejury, as the conscience
of the community, must be permitted to look

atmorethan logic. . ." lnthiscasetheappellate court found that the jurors had been "fettered" by specific questions the judge
required them to answer.
Duncan vs. Louisiana, 1 US Supreme Court
1968: "A right to jur:y trial is granted to
criminal defendants in order to prevent
oppression by the government. "
Witherspoon vs. lllinois: "One of the most
important f unctions any jury can
perform . . . is to maintain a link between
contemporary community values and the
penal system a link without which the
determination of punishment could hardly
ref lect the 'evolving standards of decency
that mark the progress of a maturing societY.' "
Sixth Amendment, US CoÍrstitution: in
criminal cases jurors must be from "the
state and district wherein the crime shall
have been committed. . . " Whythat
amendment? Such jurors are more likely to be
sensitive to the signif icance of defendant's
actions and to be aware of the appropriate, if
any, punishment for the defendant.
Maryland Constitution: ''ln the trial of
criminal cases the jury shall be the judge of
the law as well as the facts." This state
constitutional provision is mentioned because
some people assert that if juries are told that
each has the power to ref use to convict
defendants such a society would turn to
anarchy. Nothing approaching anarchy
(unfortunately) has taken place in Maryland
nor does it seem likely in the near f uture.
.R.8.

.

t

country. "
Voters eithered answered yes,
checking a box under a Chilean
flag, or no, checking a box under a
black f lag of anarchy. Twenty per
cent of voters answered.no.
ln addition, voters were
required to aff ix their right thumb

print to their ballot.

-Newsdesk
PENTAGON BLOCKADED
Decem ber 2 I , 1977 the Feast of the
Massacre of the Holy lnnocents,
100 individuals assembled at the
Pentagon to speak to the current
massacre of innocents: children

around the world suffering malnutrition and starvation and death by

American weapons. To expose the
bloodshed and destruction coming
from the Pentagon seventeen
people poured more than a gallón
of human blood on the four major
entrances. The leaf let cited the
Laucks Foundation conclusion that
if we continue our current direction
in nuclear weapons, the children
have but 5 chances in 1,000 of
becoming young adults.

Six people staged a die-in at the
blood-stai ned River Entrance.
. , Because of lax security most of
those who took direct non-violent
action in resistance to the nuclear
rthreát were not arrested, Pauline
r Swift and Bob Randels were
sentenced to six months, all but 10
days suspended, and 2 years

supervised probation: Carl K¿lbat
was sentenced to six months and is
currentlyotrton appeal. Six have
future trial dates.
December 30th, the last working
day of 1977 , people returned to
shut the four main entrances to the
Pentagon. At th ree entrances
doors were chained shut with
individuals handcuff ing
themselves to the chains. At the
Metro entrance escalators were
shut down and blocked with
bodies. Twenty individuals were
arrested and have February 3 trial
dates. Ladon Sheats is in jail
awaiting trial . The leaf let stated,
"We are invited by the year âbqut
to begin to look deeply at what
each of.us does to insure or deny a
future forour children.'We are
invited to begin anew." ..

-Atlantic Life
Community

,,SNUFF" GOESON TRIAT
J aneVerlaine and Women Against
Violence Against Women

(WAVAW) scored an important
victory on December 16 when a
Sulliván County N.Y. ¡udge
ordered an obscenity trial for the
movie Snuff.
Sullivan County Court J udge
Louis Scheinman reversed

Monticello Village J ustice Bqrton
Ledina's dismissal last December
of charges brought by WAVAW
against theater ownei'
Richard Dames who showed Snuff

in March, 1976.The group hired a
speòial prosecutor, Andrea Moran
of Kingston, when District
Attorney Emman ual Cel lman
refused to prosecute Dames.
lri his decision, Scheinman
stated that the action of the J ustice
Court, which granted a defense
motion demanding the f ilm be
produced but then quashed
Moran's subpoena for the film and
denied her request for a delay in
which to reissue the subpoena,
was an "abuse of discretion."
Stephen L. Oppenheim, Dames'

attorney, said that he is planning
to appeal Scheinman's decision.

Barbara Deming/WAVAW
ONLY NUMBER 24!
The Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) disclosed Iast
month that atomic generating
plants have been plagued with
hydrogen explosions on 24 sep;irate occasions.

The disclosure followed an explosion at the Millstone Nuclear
Plant at Waterford, Connecticut.
According to NRC off icials, the
problem was caused because
leaking hydrogen that created one
explosion triggered a second that
blew a door off a plant exit on the
ground f loor.
One worker was injured and had
to undergo decontamination treat-

ment.
NRC spokesmen said

thatthe

radioactive release was not dangerous since itwas made upof
gases such as krypton and xenon,
two of the least objectionable disóharges from a nuclear plant.
The Waterford explosion was
simìlar, according to NRC, to 23
other.explosions that have
damaged or closed atomic plants.
The explosions occur when hydrogen, a byproduct of the water coolJan.19, 1978WlNl7

ing process, has ignited within the
smokestacks. ln the Waterford
incident, the first explosion
triggered a second blast.

-Harrisburg
THE MYSTERIOUS DOCTOR
Economist and writer John

Kenneth Galbraith reports he was a
bit confused when he recently
obtained his F.B.l. fileand
discovered a mysterious ,,Dr.
Ware" in his background.
According to the famed
economist, his F.B.l. file, obtained
under a Freedom of lnformation
Act request, referred to a Dr. Ware
with whom Calbraith was alleged-

'

ly in contact some ten years ago.

Calbraith says he was sure he had
never met such a doctor.'
The economist reports he has
now solved the Dr. Ware mystery.
A fellow teacher at Prin'ceton is
reported to have told a visiting
F.B.l. agent, who was making a
periodic security öheck on
Calbraith, that he knew nothing
derogatory or disloyal atrout
Calbraith, other than that
Calbraith might be considered
"doctrinaire," that is, fixed in his
attitudes.
. The agent reportedly mistook
the word "doctrinaire" ior', Dr.
Ware," and for more than 10
years/ Calbraith's file has indicated that he apparently was a
follower of a shadowy character
named Dr. Ware.

å.

-Bugle

cHRtsTtANtA J UDGEMENT

EXPECTED BY FEBRUARY
Christiania, the "f ree city" near
Copenhagen's waterfront Isee
WIN , 4/1 /76 ,7 /22/761, is still
waiting for a decision f rom
Denmark's supreme court concerning its legal right to continued
existence. The court had scheduled f inal hearings in the case for
late1977 , but gave a 50-day
postponement when Christiania,s
lawyerCarlMadsen was
hospital ized fol lowing an accident.
The hearing is now set for J anuary
18 and the decision is expected by

early February.
ln September, Christiania
.celbrated its sixth birthday with a
four-day festival and symposium.
r

But, if the Ministry of Defense and

f

I WIN

J

an , 19, 1978

the City of Copenhtagen have their
way, this birthday will be the last
one for the community occupying
the 45-acre site of former military
base.
.The Danish government,
tolerant at first, in1973 reached an

agreement with Christian ia
recognizing it for at least three

Oklahoma and Texas; featuring a
speech by Barry Commoner,
February 4-5. For information,
contact: AFSC, 600 W.2Bth St.,
Austi n, 1 X 7 87 05, (S1 S)47 4-2339 .

BETHESDA, MD-A seminar on
Radical Religion and Politics with

Alan Ceyer, Ed Cuinan, J im
,'
Wallis
at the National 4-H Center,
years as a "social experiment.,, ln
Tþrsday, Jan. 19,8pm.
a different politicalclimate, the
Sponsored by the Fellowship of
government last year ordered the
Reconciliation.
free city closed at the expiration of
the minimum three-year period.
BOSTON Maxine Klein and the
The Christianites appealed to the
Little Flags Theatre Collective will
courts, charging that certain
discuss the relevance of the
conditions of the agreement had
cultural worker in the political
not been f ulf illed. A lowèr court
community and perform scenes
ruled against Christiania early in
from current productions atthe
1977.
Commun ity Ch urch, Morse
ln anticipation of a possible
Auditori um, 602 CommonWealth
adverse decision, Christiania is
Ave., Sunday, ) an. 22, 11am. For
mobi I izing for a non-violent
information , call (617)266-6710.
defense. First of all, the
CHARLESTOWN, WVA-ThE
Christianites and their friends
West Virginia Committee for
hope through political and
' Peace and Survivalwill meet
educational work to gain a favorat St.
J ohn Episcopal Church, euarrier
able majority in Parl.iament. lf this
& Broad St., Saturday, Jan.28,
fails,the community is organizing
9:30 am-5 pm. For more
with friends from outside io
information, call : Alderson
non-violently resist evictÍon. On
Hospital
ity House, (304)445-27 69.
the tþreatened closing date in 1926
some 30,000 supporters joined the
COLUMBIA, SC - Train ing for
Christianites in a powerful
trainers in preparation for
demonstration of support. plans
Barnwell, SC spring actions,
for resi.stance to a forcible eviction
Friday-Sunday, Feb. 3-5. For
with equal or greater numbers are
information, contact: Palmetto
now underway.
Alliance, 1B Bluff Road, Columbia,
Danish and foreign friends of
sc 29201 . (803)77 1 -9999 .
Christiania have formed a support
DEERFIELD, MA-Theater
org.anization; more information. as
well as books, posters, records änd Workshop exploring personal
creativity through sound and
cards, are available and contributions are welcome and needed.
movement improvisations, at
Wooman Hill, Jan. 21-22.For
Write to: STØT CHRISTtANtA,
information, contact: Nancy
Dronn i ngensgade 14, DK 1420
Hazard, Woolman Hi I I Winter
Copenhagen, Denmark
Workshops, Deerfield, MA01342,
Lamperti
John
EVENTS

ATLANTA, GA Training for
trainers in preparation for actions
at Barnwell, SC; Rocky Flats, CO;
Seabrook, NH. Friday-Sunday,
Feb, 17-19. For information,
contact: Southern Mobilization
,Affinity Croup (MNS), PO Box
9891, Savannah, CA 3'1402.

(404)523-2024 ( Les I ie Withers).

AUSTIN,TX Mobilization for
Survival regional meeting for

Reviews

(413)773-906s.

NYC- Bob Palmer speaks on
"West Cerman Terrorism as I

Found lt," at Freespace Alternate
U, 339 Lafayette St., Friday, J an.
20, B:15 pm. For information, call:
(212)228-0322.
PHILA

-

" Radioactivity Revue,,

benef it for the Zero Nuclear

Weapohs campaign with mime,
music, f ilm, poetry and more, TLA
Cinema, 334 South St., Sunday,
Jan. 15,3 pm. $3.50donation.

Books. about energy, gqd especially nuclear power,
seem to be getting published almost as fast nowadâys
-

as

booksaboutsexwereafewyearsago. I haven,i'

seen anysales f igures and I doubt thai energy policy
is outselling horn iness, but the very fact thai'pboplé
are.buying books on a subject usuaÍly left to engineers
and economists can only be an enco jraging sign.

tf

Althoúgh energy is a scientif iclteihn-¡calaJwell as
economic/political subject, itreally doesn,t require ).
any.background in or aff inily for thã sciences to
understand how nuclear reactors or conservation
technology works, just a little patience in learning
some.basic concepts. A good book on energy shoõld
be able to explain the technical issues without
resorting to jargon and losing the reader.
McKinley Olsen's Unacceptable Risk meets this
test,and it's probably the beit introductory book on

nuclear powerthat l've ever read. Olsen manages to
çover the issues of safety, radiation, Jiability
utility rates and financing, wasté disposal,
in¡yrance,
tuel reprocessing etc..in good detailwithout getiing I
dry or too technical.. The book i.s written in a
documentary sort of form, leäding from issue to issue,
example to example, interspersed with interviews
and quotes f rom the participants on both sides of the
tence. This style sets Unacceptable Risk apart from
many other books on the nuclear issue becãuse Olsen
is not simply throwing-a.lot of unsettling facts at you;
he gives you the feel of the people who ãre ¡nvolv'ed.¡n
what will probably be the major issue of the 1970,s
and'80's. Although there are plentyof statements
from nuclear advocates as weli as a book cover which
makes the book sound like an objective treatment,
Olsen is obviously anti-nuclear.
- Unacceptable Risk doesn,t spend much time
discussing energy alternatives in any depth although
the best studies and examples are mentiôned rup"i_
f icially. Quite a bitof space is given to the pol¡ticäl
fight ag.ainst (and for) nuclear power. Compared to
most other books on the nuclear iSsue, Unatceptable
Risk is alsoquite up-to-date, which is þretty impor_
tant in a f ield where things change from
,

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

byMcKinleyOlsen
Bantam 11976

/

Sü9lpp

/ 92.25

month-to-month.

NUCLEAR POWER: ISSUES AND CHO¡CES
byNuclear Energy Policy Study Group
Ballinger / 1977 I 418pp / S6.95
A TIME TO CHOOSE: AMER|CA,S ENERGY
FUTURE
by Energy Policy Proiect
Ballinger / "197 S I Sl1pp / $6.95

THEPOVE,RTYOFPOWER
by Barry Commoner

Bantam 11976

/

297pp

/

52.75

(

Nuclear Power: lssues and Choices, on the other
hand, is not so much a book for people who want a
good non-technical overview of nuclear power as
much as it's a book for people who really want to
immerse themselves in the subject. This large, text_
like vólume covers almost every aspect of nuclear
technology in great detail, withdecommissionine the
primaryexception. There,s also a good sectionöñthe
health effects of coal combustion, ãnd another (which
isn't so good) on alternative sources of energy.

Warren Liebold works with the Long Island Sale
Eneigiy Cóatition.
J

an. 19, 1978 WIN 19

The Study Croup that put this book together claims
to have been objective. There is evidencé of an
attempt at objeótivity yet the result is clearly a
pro-nuclear bias. The section on radiation doep bring
up the evidence uncovered by Edward Martell, J qh-n'
Cof man, Arthur Tamplin and others that the cancer
risks f rom plutonium may be much higher than
expected, but it does so almost in passing. Despite an
admission that the hypotheses of these scieritists have
resisted efforts at réf utation and that they might turn
out to be right, the Croup still concludes that iadiation
risks are minimal.
Likewise, the chapter on reactor safety includes a
good critique of the Covernment's study of 'nuclear
plant safety (the Rasmussen Report) yet their
conclusion is that the risk of accidents is not too great
since a nuclear disaster 1'would not be out of .line with
other peacetime catastrophes thafour society has
been able to handle. " So the trick with this book is to
realize where the usef ul information ends and where
the value judgements begin. lf you can workthatout,
there is a great deal of knowledge here.

t".

Remember, though, that books written about
nuclear power in particular usually do not provide a
good rounded view of energy policy in general. Aside
f rom questions concerning the wisdom of advancing
th is or that technology, there are questions about how
we use energy and how and wherewe waste it, the
relationshíps between energy use and the economy,
government policies (and corporate ones) and how
they inf luence energy use and misuse, etc. lf these
are the questions that you want answers to, then A
Time to Choose and The Poverty of Power may help to
tie down some of the loose ends left lying around by
books which concentrate on nucléar issues.
A Time to Choose is the summary report of lhe
Ford Foundation's Energy Policy Projectwhich .
studied how our country uses energy and what
alternative energy paths we can follow in the f uture.
Wh i'le the book isrt't ter.ribly technical, it is comprehensive, covering energy use and its relation to the
economy, jobs, class, utility rates, foreign policy,
f uture'energy research and the environmqnt.
iechnology-ii not really dealtwith much ¿it all; rather
it is the social policy or policies relating to energy that
the authors are interested in. lf you want detailed
formulas and economic models, they're available in
the Appendices; but if you don't, you can just stick to
the clear, strai ghtforward discussions..
Perhaps just as important as the chapters on issues
are the f irst few chapters which provide detailed
outlines of three scenarios of future energy paths. The
f

i

rst,'

I ¡1

¡

rlorical

C

rowth",

is basical ly a conti nuation

of pre-1973 energy use, patterns and policies and
wh i le the authors admit that th is is hi ghly unlikely,
they want to illusfrate what it could mean. The second
scenai¡o is called "Techhical Fix" and it is basically
the f irst scenario minus the obvious wastefulness.
much of the information you may read about energy
conservation in other places very possibly comes f rom
this chapter. The last scenario, "Zero Energy
20

WIN

Crowth", should

be of special interest to

WIN readers
si nce it is bas ical ly the alternate energy/peace
conversion ,st¡qtegy that many of us have been advocating for years. The authors describe plans that
would result in eff icient use of energy, greater
reliance on solar alternatives and labor-intensive
actívitigs and a lessened Concentration of capital. lt
.'
,nay noi be The Blueprint for The nevolut¡ôïUù{
cons ideri n g that the Ford Foundation sponsored th i s
study, it's pretty damn usef ul. The authors take this
scenario quite seriously and imply that we,re going to
have to go that way eventually.
A Time to Choose, then, is atextbookof energy
policy and provides basic alternatives forthe f uture
which we can study and build upqn. What's missing
f rom A Time to Choose and the other books l've been
describing is a political perspective. Even Unacceptable Risk, which effectively debunks pro-nuclear
claims, fails to provide an insight intowhat partthe
"energy crisis" has in our politicaf /economic
scheme, The task of The Povertyof Power is justthat.
Barry Commoner not only discredits nuclear power,
points out the li¡nitations of fossil fuels and very
competently describes how solar technology could
solve many of our energy problems but also explains
why the Covernment and most of the economic giants
in the US are behind nuclear power and why solar
energy was not developed instead. Well-documented
links are built between our economic problems, our
use of energy, ourtreatment ôf the environment and
the illogic of capitalism, which Commoner maintains
is the truly basic dilemma.
Although some people will be turned off by his insistênce on explain ing the almost metaphysical Laws
of Thermodynamics which describe how energy
functions in the world, Commonéraccomplishes this
rather difficulttask well. He uses that background
knowledge to show how nature's laws are being
ignored 6y humans in favoi of prof it and how eñergy
use based on a knowledge of these Laws will be
economically and environmentally beneficial.
For me, one of the most valuable points about The
Poverty of Power is that it is lleavily referenced. lf you
read a fact or quotation on any page of the book you
can turn to the back and f ind out exactly where the
information came from, often with an accompanying
explanation. I don't know whether this is a plus for
most people but if you like to know what a person's
sources of information are, Barry Commoner makes
them easi ly avai lable to you.
Now, while The Poverty of Power does not detail
alternate energy policies and some issues as well as A
Tlme to Choose and while it really doesn't provide as
thorough a treatment of the nuclear issue as
Unacceptable Risk, it provides a great dealof
information about energy and just as importantly, it
provides the perspectivewithoutwhich all the good
information is only good information. Commoner
provídes the wþolistic view which, once you
understand the individual issues, serves to bring the
whole thing together.
-Warren Liebold

CUBA /OURN,AI cont¡nued from page '11.,
tors. . . I do notwish to becomean obstacletothe
Revolution . . .the honorabléthing for meto do is
rêsign, " he wrote. The day after the letter was
sent, Cuban'radio announced that Huber Matos
was aunch i n g a counter-revol utionary upri s i n g
and Castro flewto Camagueyto arrest Matos and
his ôff icers. They yielded without a fight though
they could well have shot Cagtro down had that '
been their intent. A showtrialfollowed in Havana
where no substantive evidence was presented
against Matos and Castro acted as witness,
prosecutor, and judge. Matos was sentenced to
twenty years hard labor (f ive years more than'
Castro received for his armed assault on the
Moncada barracks in 1953) and there he remains
I

today.

r;

Matos has ref used to recant his principles and
take part in pr"ison "rehabilitation." He is almost
blind, his health failing rlramatically after 18 years
of imprisonment. Will he be freed when his term is
up is 1979? "Who knows?" says one of our tour
leaders. The Cubans, when asked, insist somewhat
weakly and defensively that Matos was a traitor,
but thetruth isthat he stands as a victim of Castro's
implacable vengeance and thetendencyto label
those who voice any signif icant criticism of the
Revolution, even from a supportive viewpoint, as
"counter-revolutionaries." Castro has stSted,
" I nside the Revol ution : everyth i n g. Outside the
Revolution: nothing." Quite reasonable, it seems,
until you realize that Castro and the Cuban
leaderhip assume the.pewerof defining what is

"within the Revolution" in an extremely narrow
and self-servin g fashion
We had an incredibly interesting afternoon at
the NationalCuban Art School in Havana, where
students handpicked from allthe schoolchildren in
Cuba sharpen their skills and talents in folklore
dancing, modern dance, music, theatre, painting,
sculpture, and plastic art. As expatriate American
Lorna Burdsall, directorof the modern dance
program explained, "The children must have
passed the sixth grade and exhibit some inclination
and physical ability. Beforethe R.evolution there
was no modern dance and no chance for these kids
to develop their f ull artistic potential." That all
childrerl now have this opportunity struck me as a
tremendous accompl ishment of the Revol utign, f ar'
surpassing even the exquisite construction of the
Center itself . Still, there remains a certain
reticence among young boys to become involved in
the arts, in particular dancing, "They all want to be
baseball players or boxers like Stevenson," she
lamehted, referring to the Cuban national boxing
champion. Cultural workers, like these students,
do a required three years of labor in the countrvside
following graduation in orderto spread art

well as movietheatres and remains lively even into
theweehoursof themorning. But if thetraffic
jams, prostitution and begging have been eradicated, one venerable i nstitution remai n s - youn g
I umpen-proletariat type men h ustl i n g American
tourists. Their approach never changes. Firstthey
ask your national ity and thei r eyes I i ght up when
you say "American." After all, aren't àll American.s
rich? Then they determine which hotel you are
staying at andthe length of your visit, allth'e while
convenientlyfai I ing to understand your questions
about the Revolution. Then comes the payoff : they
ask if you will buythem clothes in the hotel store
(where items aie not subject to rationing) or sell
them the shirt off your back or exchange your
money at the black markét rate of four pesos for a
dollar (as opposed to the off icial inf lated rãte of one
peso to $1 ,25 American). Shaking them off is quite
'a
chore, but pretending that you do.n't understand
enough Spanish to know what they are proposing
certainly helps.
The bookstores in Havana are nothingto write
home about. Being a book afficionado, I visited an
establishment which oneof our guides
recommended as the best in the city. Among the
shelvesof books, I di'scovered afewAmerican
authors, such as Hawthorne, Poe, Sinclair Lewis,
and MarkTwain, translated into Spanish; butthe
fiction selection alltold was meager. Ditto for
þolitical works. Only a fewworks of Lenin were
available and the same held true for Marx and
Engels, the latter pair having written some works
considered by the government to be too iconoclastic to be promoted. The expected plethora of
Russian authors was present, alternately denouncing anarÒhism, Rosa Luxumbourg, the Chinese,
and the attempted "imperialist subversion" of
Czechoslovakia, but no Mao, Eurocommunism, or
Trotsky. I noted a single dusty copy of North
Korean leader Kim ll-Sung's Selected Works nextto
a þi le of excerpts f rom Che Cuevara's writi n gs. The
Cuban government has yet to publish Che's
collected vùiitings since some portions deviatefrom
present government policy. Friendstell methat in
the early years of the Revol ution òne could f ind
Sartre, Trotsky, and even copies of Boris Pasternak's Dr. Zhivagol
i

and culture to the hinterlands.

Havana after dark is as bustling, if less gaudy
and neon, a place as ever. The area around the
Havana Èibre is dominated by noted restaurants as
J

J

an . 19, 1978

an. 19, 1978 WIN

21

r

I

PEOPIES

N
PUBLIC NOTICE

wINTER 'SPRINC Calendar of Events available

frorl

Resot¡rce Center for Nonviolence in Santa
(ìrLrz. lrrcludes list ¡ng ot resources available (buoks,
liter.rt r¡re, workshops, speakeis, etc.) anð noticeof
events witlì or about : "The Powerof the
Perplt " -nonviolence in Anrerica with Helen
Michalowski; Love ¡n Act ion w¡th Diane K. Pike ancl
Arleen Lorrance; Personal Story and Nonviolence
with J anres McClerrclon; arrd much nrore. Send selfacidressed starrrpecl envelope to: RCNV, POB 2324,
S.rnta Cruz, CA 950ó3. Thanks.

lfyou are irìterested in clisarnranrent, feminisin, war
tax res¡stance, nonviolence or organ izing a WRL
local chapter arrd you I ive i n the South, then please
contact the new War Resisters Leag ue Southeast
Regional Office, 108 Purefoy Roacl, Chapel Hill, NC
27514.919-967 -7244.

enrphasis on people's needs and social
developrrrerrt. Besides sponsoring educational and
action programs, the group is making a small yet
positive step to reorder priorities with the "alternative fund." This fund, cómprised of refused war
taxes, personal savings, and group investments,
nrakes interest-free loan s to social change and
service groups (primarily working in Chester and
Delaware counties). For information about
Branclywine Alternative Fund loans contact; The
Brandywine Alternative Fund. 302 S. J ackson St.,
Media,i PA 19063, (2151565-0247.

,

L¡V¡NG ATTERNAÏIVE.

ln 1971 si x fam ilies concerned with social change
bought a s¡x-unit apartment building.in East
Orange, NJ . Some are moving and we are looking for
new and rel iable famll ies and individuals to share
ownership and interests.
Near Upsala College, NYC is zl0 m in utes by bus on
the cerner or by train 10 min. walkaway, The
apartment has 5 rooms, a backyard with tre-es and
ciìildren's toys. Tenant owning ls much cheaper
than you think, and here at Project Share it's much
more t h an u st a n ice apartm ent . C all 201 - 67 5 -21 42.
¡

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
PUELICATIONS

t.

THE SIUDY KIT FOR NONVIOLENT ACiION,
produced by War Resisters League/West contains
art ¡cles on the theory and pract ice of nonviolence,
krtlr personal ly and pol it ical ly as wel I as accounts of
the successes and problenrs of contemporary nonviolence. Articles and panrphlets by Camus,
Candhi, Cene Sharp, Barbara Deming, Mark
Morris, Cærge Lakey and the WlN.Double issueon
Seabrook are to be found and m uch more as wel l.
Sencl$2.50per study k¡t to WRL,/west, 1360
Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94103. Special
rates are avai lable for bulk orders so order them for
your study group, teach-in, or classroom.
Now available. FREE 1978 LITERATURE LIST of
the Womens Counter Recruiting Campaign. 5
pages, 58 select¡ons, 1 1 categories includes Women
& the Military. Women & Service Academies,
Military Recru¡ting, J ROTC, ROTC, Conscientious
Oblection, The Draft and more. Send
self -addressed, stamped envelope ( legal size) to:
WCRC, 944 Market Street, Rm 5.09, San Francisco,

cA94102.
EXPLORE YOUR DREAMS for personal gronth &
consciousness-raising. Free details. Food for
Thought, POBox331 (A), Amherst, M410002.,
PEOPLE AND THE PURSUIT OF TRUTH - Berkeley Enterprises lnc.815 Washington Si. Newtonville
Mass.02160. Monthly-12 issues peryear, $9.50
For One, $18.00 For Two, Students; $6 per year,
$11.00 For Two.

THE CONTTNENTAL WALK BOOK reduced to
$2.50 for limited time on ly ! Checks should be made
payableto "Continental Walk." WRL, 339
Lafayette, NewYórk, NY 10012.
PRODUCTS
"STOP NUCLEAR POWER & WEAPONS" Button,
vinyl Bumpersticker. "SUPORT YOUR LOCAL
ANARCHlST" Autton, Bumpersticker- 5Ø each.
We Customprint Button s,/Bumperstickers. Dependable, quality, movement printers. Low-costWrite for info: Kate Donnelly, Box271-W ,
Newvernon, NJ07976.

Staff people for Mobilization for Survival- New
York City pmject off ice needed to organìze mass
demonstration at UN scheduledforMay. Movement
skil ls, coal ition sens¡tivity, ab¡ lity to work under
pressure, stamina, and a sense of humor needed.
Send resume immediately to Dave McReynolds,
wRL, 339 Lafayerte St., NYC 10012.(212)228-0450.
The lnstitute for Food and Developmènt Policy, a
snráll research and writing group in San Francisco,
has an opening for an outreach coordinator. The
p()s¡t ¡orì ¡s salaried, f ull+ ime and requires ability to

sustainin g networkof volunteers. Minimum
6-nìontlì commitment; situation available
immediately. Salary approx. $550/month, flexible.
Send resumes and references to Midwest
Conìnì¡tlee for Military Counseling, Rm. 3'17, 343 S.
Dearborn, Ch icago, L 60604, Attn: Len Cizewski.
1

NewMidwest research inst¡tuteseeks unselfish, socially-conscious, non-careerist, MA-PhD
MOVEMENT fund-raisers. Prefer economists,
pol ¡tical-scientists, etc. Semi-scholarly studies on
war-peace reconversion, etcr Applicants must
READ Cross and Osterman "The New Professionals" pp 33-77, Studs Terkel "Working" pp 525527, 537 -540, Claudia Dreif us " Radical Lif estyles",
and address them selves to the contents of this
advèrtisement. M¡dwest lnstitute, 1206 N. 6th St.
43201.

HELP

WANTED: Servicewomen's (former and present)
personal accounts of m ilitary life and experiences for

CALL US:

compilation by the Womens Counter Recruiting
Campaign. Write for information and questiona¡re
from Mandy Carter, WCRC, 944 Market Street,
Room 509, San Francisco, CA 94102.

(212) 624-8337

I would liketo form an Anarchist affinity group(s)to'
participate in tlie Seabrook reoccupation and one,
some or many of the other act¡v¡tiesinvolving civil
disobedience in the coming year. lf interested write:
Steven Belling,112 Peyton Street, SantaCruz, CA

I
\vEEKUT

95060.
Vol unteers Needed ! ! Clergy and Laity Concerned

(CALC) NYC staff needs HELP. There's a lot of
essential work to do. Assist w¡th ma¡lings, typing,
layout, sorting and fi I ing in exchange for subway
fare & lunch. CALL J eanne Kaylor, 212-964.6370.

develop media contacts, write and edit, prepare
news releases; and develop audio-visual materials.
Please send samples of your work along with resume
to IFDP, 2588 Mission gtreet, San Francisco, CA
94110 by J anuary 30.
Help wanted: Part-timeorganizer for Vermont
statewide health consumer coalit¡on. Mode¡t pay.
Commun¡cations skills essential. Write Healthy
Vermont, lnc., box 984, Montpelier, VT.
Wl N's computer¡zed nrail in g service cooperative
needs a responsible, consqientious, self-motivated
new co-worker to start by February. No techn ical
skills needed since we will provide training. The
work requires the abil ity to work with others, an
organized mind and work habits, and a commitment
to working in a collective situation. We need another
person with a long term comm¡tment to providing
the communications lifeblood of the movement.
Reasonable movement pay. Community Mailing
Service 1nc.,3525 Lancaster Ave, Phlladelphia, PA
19104. Phone 21 5 -EV2-6096.
The National Cray Panthers, "Age and Youth in Action," seek Fundraiser/Executive Director. Experienced movement person for th is radical group
aga¡nst ageism. Salary $10,000-$16,00O year. Please
send resume to National Cray Panthers, 3700
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Attn: Edith

Ceise.

HIRINC: Director, lowaCenterfor Local Self-Reliance. Performs research, providès consultat¡ons to
public on self-rel iant technologies, I ifestyles, energy
conservation, solar. Starting salary: $200/month
plushousing; or$2sOlmonth. Box 1904, DesMoines

T.SH¡RTS & SWEATSHIRTS
Hand silkscreened dark green
on be¡ge. 1ü)o/o cotton

t-shirt

$15 Annually

Í5.92o/o cotton light blue
óweatshirt $7.50. S-M-L-XL
sizes & children's X-large.
Buttons with same symbol 501.
Rubber stamps $2. All sent F¡rst
Class. lmmediate delivery.

Name
Address

Kate Donnelly, Box 271-W,
NewVernon, NJ 07976. (201)

City/State/Zip ,, , ,

538-6676.

lowa 50309.

SERVICES
The Brandywine Alternat¡ve Fund is a groupof
Delaware and Chester County Pennsylvan ia citizen s
work¡ng to rærder priorities awayfrom mil¡tary
programs of war and war production to a greater

STAFF COORDINATOR for military counseling
agency. Adm inistrative and fund-raising experience
necessary. Fam iarity with m ilitary law preferred.
One-person staf f situation requires self-motivation
and confidence. Main resnonsibili¡v: create s€lf-

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