Win Magazine Volume 12 Number 6

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f ebruary

19;.1976

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30C

Socialist Dilemma in
Portugal;_
Farmers, Baitle Worldwide

M¡l¡tary Expánsion;l
Latêst News from thg ' - "''
Continental Walk;
:

FREEDOM THRU NONVIOI.ENTACTION

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More Tqrror at Pine R¡dge
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dresses for sqch publications. The only

otiented systems like the.B.l,bomber ,
and nuclear. power plants? Do thev,sur.
port life-oriented actions tike Frieird- '
shipment and.the Continental Walk?
Samras would have us join her cause,
but it is clear that the aïti-abortion
people-not only seldom joined ours but
were otten on the other side. The true
sincerif of their self-proclaimeã fife
orientation is questioñable.
The polemicidevices used bv
anti:ab-ortionists and incorporäted in the
letter hardly deserve the bòther of
rebuttal, but they should be noted.
Agaitrthere is thç matter of redefining
issues. Samtas would have it that the
mÖtivatiôii òf the "war merchants" was
population cóntrol: " We need war to
control the massesl'l This would bring
.'the anti-war issue within the
parameters ofher gfoup's cause; but
the Movement correctly identified the
hawks'primary motivation as being

imperialistic.

The anti-abortion letter by Evelyn K.
Samras of Gainesville IVIIN, I /29 /761
was so blatantly rhetorical that there
might be a tendency lo disniiss it out of
hand, but it brings up a number of
considerafions which we should be
prepared to deal with when confronted
by such diatribes.
Samras asked why the Peace Movement is not protesting the "killing" of
"babies" by abortion as it had success-

fully protested the "wholesale
slaughter" of war.'This can and should
be answered on several levels, but certain basic ideas should be kept in mind.

1à
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A primary one is not to let yourself be
defined by your opponents. In the first
place, if she had been reading VnN
tegularþ she would have known that
WIN did give space to people within the
Movement who were having second
thoughts about abortion not so long ago.
But they discussed the matter on an
ethical level, which Samras did not.
In the second place, Samras asks
Movement people to join her cause and
tries to guilt triþ us about it. "Where
ate you now?" she asks twice, but we
c'an ask with more relevance where the
anti-atortion people were then. Did
they get their heads cracked in Chicago
or join the peaceful masses who
marched in \{ashington and other
cities? And where are they now? Do
they fight the death penaþ or demand
gun contro!? Do they oppose death-

339

SPeclaI Invosflgaúlone

DepaÍrnentof the Alr Forcg
\f,ashlngþnr DC

Gary Wandachild

"

^Ahon, Oh.44303.

(ideñtifiable by referenceio DDIIR

1

lDec72), authored by our

office on Okinawa. The report concerns
the publication and distributlon on
Okinawa of anti-war literature. The
teport contained a listing ofthe ad-

'does

male radicals has meant a change in
substance without a corresponding
change in style, that is, a redistribution
of wealth and power without
questioning the value ôf social relationships mediated by power or ownership
interests, then those male tadicals will
be at odds with the view that calls for
elimination of all.forms of power andownership. Perhaps the men Wanda- ,
ú
child criticizes are threatened by
thoughts such as those of Peggy
Kornegger: "Traditional male politics
reduces humans to object status and
then dominates and manipulates them
for abstract'goals. | \{omen, on the
other hand, are trying to develop a
consciousness of'Other' in all areas.

Humaulty Houeer 475 \lf. Market St.

We see subject-to-subject relationships
.

as not only desirable but necessary. . .
When we say we are fighting patri-

I believe in presenting m¡'bieliefs as
radically., cogently;. and, ündogmatically
as I can. If p'eoplB trust me,'they will
gcqept my having those bèliefs;
' Ai
for action,'I would not feel comfortable asking someone' to"aid.me until
I had'helped w:ith fheir problems and .

GARTNER

patriarchfarticle IWIN, I /22 / 7 61, ànd.
at the same time by argüments bY

.

archy, it isn't always clear to all of us
that that means fighting all hierarchy,
all leadership, all government, and the
very idea ofauthority itself. . .Challenging sexism means challenging all
hierarchy-economic, political and personal. And that means an ânarcafeminist revolution. " [From
"Anarchism: The Feminist Connec-

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feminists and others against organized
soortS. This readins ofhis article and
ifie aisument occuñed,while I was ,
watching the Steelers/Cowboys football
eame l/25. Did any of you argue ábout
the merits,of watching that game? What
'
has been resolved as a result? Was it ¿i
eood eame? Can a 'radical' watch such'
ã soec"taclelor be a fan? How about the'
battle of the sexes? Is there a movemqnf
analogy with groups & fans & taking th{
field and competing? How about
cooperation? Is IYIN-ning possible in
the-face of patriarchy? Will G.M.W.'s &
Bob Lamm's article [WIN, l/29/761
help keep the WIN sub swimming with
feniinist support? What is the real,
svmbolic &^dmotv sieniflcance of thè
¿oïce-is not enough"---victory for the

Steelérs?

possible explanation for this
situation. If revolution defined by most

_CTAIGGIÁSSNER

650 0167 72,

in the

ment on

an.effort to ì9pp94 tle Walk especially
as it passes through the various com.
muníties on route-to Washingtoh, DC. I
would liketo hearfrom all interested
persons in the Indiana, Ohlo, Michigan
area who would like to help organizing
in our areas in support of the Walk.

January 19,1976.
Included with their letter was the
report: a Department of Defense Intelligence Information Report

-WIN

Face

feminist

_I'AI\

I was intrieued bv Wandachild's

10012

M: SCrui¡,HAItrìÆR
-RIJDOLÉH Headquarúers Office of

Nowweknowwherewewèrel

stfo.and be thereto guide others. Some
will find the most sensible.routes.

,

Palo AIüri¡ Ca..

The report does not contain any othet
information which is pertinent toyour
tequest. That is neither, tffIN Magazine, nor Maris Cakars are mentioned in
our report in the FBI files; except for the
address of WIN, quoted above.
The d furi'rished to vou because. other tñan the
portion'quotrid above, it áoes not fall ,
within the scope ofyour request.

I was pleased to see WIN highltghtin'!
plans for the Continental lValk for Dis.
armament and Social Justice
112/18/761. I personally feel th¿t such
an action as the walk is of majot importance in this the Buy-Centennial year.
But there is much to be done-and
help is needed. Everyone should make

on

.--

TAFAYETTE

NEWÍORK, NEWYORK

1975;

Kornesger's emphasis.l

1VIN

-BOTHSIDESNOW
Jacksonvllle, Flrr"

The Federal Bureau oflnvestigation has
forwarded your letter of April26,1975
fot a release determination concerning
one of our reports located in their fïles.
Their letter to us was received

tion," The Secdnd TÍavèjSpring,

information in the report which is
pertinent to your request is the followwhich is quoted:
lng¿ddfess,
.

OCHS

-MII(E
Butler' Pa.

Rather all take one step to the left than a
few move so far that they have to shout
to be heard.
In practice, it's good to have people
strung out all along the path' Some will

struggles. : " ",
Wã-nAy chwartz, goo{ articþl[!\'----.:w¡¡twERI,Ey
t/ts/76i. '
Ecrexr Md'
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goJ
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I
mugged last week for my copy of
WIN. What do you call that?

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4. Reformers Make SmallCains at
Pine Ridge / Susan Abrams
B. Refusing to Be a MercenarY in
Angola 7 ua¡or CarlaËiflilson
9' David Fi'ne captured in

Getting the 1YIN lnioc.[ed out of you.

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.,. :WIN

WHAT HE SAW

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Saw the te4t fôld'up

California / Jan Faller
10. Portugal's Political Drama
Sid Blurñenthal
12. The Worldwide Nonviolent
Resistance to MilitarY CamP
Expansion./ Craig SimPson
15. With the ContinentalWalk in
. Palo Alto / MichaelBerkowitz
16. Sittin' ln 1 Marion Henriquez
Neude/

with him in it;
Wgtçþed the tent pole snap,
The stakes fly under theflaps;
Saw the tent fold up
with him in ¡t,
On a quiet evening
ln Boston.
,

-David

MlchaelNixon

For $600 you can't buy a jet fighter or a navy destroyer. $600
won't even get you one.lying of a B-1 bomber or one engine
on an ahcraft carrier. You can't buy the rights to 4 strip mine
in West Vireinia or tear down a nuclear power plant for $600.
It won't come close to electing you (or anyone else) to high
government office. And, of cou'rse, you can't buy peace of
for anv orice.
-mind
ä;iät $tíoövãî can free.wlN from last vear's debts. ln the
past two weeks we've raiseð over $6,000 gnd w.9 are less$han
$600 away from our goal of $47 ,126.40. This will guarantee
that WIN'won't be hampered by past debts. We want to
continue bringing you news you can't get anywhere else.
With that mere $þOO we can contiriue to serve as a vital connection between þeople and groups working to make this
rcountry and the world a better place to live. lt will free WIN
to look'ahead to our tenth anniversary year unburdened by
last year's debts.
$600 can'buy quite a

FebruarY 19 19761Vol. Xtl) No.6

-lADRICHAADS
.NowYork, IYY

[ot.

17. Changes

20. Reviews

Cover: Chostof Sitting Bult. Wood'
cut by Jämes Todd.
ì :
STAFF

Maris Cakars Susan
Dwight Ernest MarY MaYo
Susan Pines Fred Rosen
Murray Rosenblith
UNINDICTED
t'

CO.CONSPIRATORS

'¡

Peace,

w¡N
*Membêrof WIN Editorial Board

$46(s89.41
126.40
$s m0

2WlN

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$15

Box547 / Rifton / New Ysrk12471
Telephone :914-339-4585

$2s

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BY Susan Abrams

Woodcut from Akwesasne Notes.

use. According to the plaintiffs, Wilson had preng¡ed a.list of homes tô be f¡rebombed.in tt
of his election loss. Some voters *ere Uii¡à¿"ïãre
wüÈ
alcohol, some welfare recipients *e.à ihieatened
with losç of their benefits.
A pggr ryi.nner, Wilson is not suprislnlly a poor:
.loser.
Retaliation for his election löss thä year
came even before the Jahuary 27 runoÍÍ. Wallace
Little J unior, a strong friend ånd aide tolictims of
Wilson's harassment in the past, himsel? lost an
eye and a hand in an explosiôn J ânuarv 24. Some.
one threw a Molotov coèkta¡l inio his bl.other t
Richard's home on J anuary 31. Their brothCr
Jimmy, who had called for'Wilson,s impeachmenteven before Wounded Knee 1923, was beaten to
death last_ September. Four days äfter the elec-

\

tlon, another well-known lndiah rights activist,
Eyron DeSersa, was killed, in whala member óf
the Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committge (WKLDOC) in Rapid City, SD described as
a "clear act of retribution for Wiison,s defeat,,
and perhaps "the beginning of an out-and-out ,/
war" on Wilson's part. Some of Wilson,s fotgenerally as ,,the goons,,, shot
!oyve_1s, referred to
into the house of the.elderly Dull Knifè couþle in
Wanblee, a physically isolated stronehold óf
anti-Wilson sentiment. The BIA then arrested the
couple, traditionalists but not activists, on a

Susan Abrams is an activist and media person who

reports.regularly on American lndian and other
struggles on WCAS in Cambridee. She reported
on the FBI invasion of pine Ridle and its ieper-

;, , t I I

Harassment of,, AIM ìSuppor,fet s

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4 WIN

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cussions in WlN, 9/25/75.

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charge of "malicious mischief . " A January 31
shooting spree by "goons" in Wamblee even included the home of Senator Abourezk,s son
Charlie; public relations has never been one of
WiJson's strong points. Assaults and even murders have become remarkably commonplace at
Pine Ridge. Unless the victim *as a suþporter of
Wilson, legalaction was rare.
It's not completely clear why Washineton officials permitted a real election this veaiand thus
the loss of a man considered their oúooet. Bureau

of lndian Affairs (BlA) officials arej näioriously

loath to interfere with compliant tribal officials,
citing l/¡¡6¡an sovereignty" on those occasions
where it is to their advantage.
'
The Civil Rights Commission's report with two
years of lndians' pleas to back ít up, was'obviously
the major factor. A delegation of Pine Ridge
elders, in Washington last Fall seeki¡g help under
combined FBI/Wilson terror, renewed the pressure. After ten weeks of officials' excuses,
financial difficulties, and homesickness, they.were
awarded a (less than 15 minute) appointment with
Cerald Ford, ln his published statement, Ford
assured the Oglala representativçs that "all
people working with me will be sympathetfc
and. . . cooperative ," and expressed his gratitude
and encouragement at the chiefs' responsible
behavior which he described as being "in the best
interest of the country and. . . of all the true
natives of this great country. " He ended with:
"And have a good day."
' Other reasons suggested for Washington's
decision to monitor this election include pressure
from business people seeking a more stable at'
mosphêre for their cóntracts and the fact that
long-time BIA employee Trimble was obviously
more palatable to Washington.than Russell Means
had been. fhe Wilson-dominated TribalCouncil
declared, too late for protest actions to be
mounted, that Means was ineligible to run this'
time, saying he was no longer a resident of the
reservatíon. Had he had a choice, Means wouldn't
have spent much of the past two years facing trial
in court after court in several states. Trimble has
been commuting to Pine Ridge from
Albuquerque!
Perhaps even Wilson had becomean embarrassment to Washington because of his violence
and inflammatory language. Said one tribal
member of the cowboy:hatted chairman, "Every
time he opened his mouth, a toad fell out."
,

With Wilson remainíng in office untilApril6, Al
Trimble is not a person to be envied. He will need
all the courage he can muster. WKLDOC is urging
people to óontact BIA Commissioner Morris
Thompson in Washington, calling for Trimble to '
be installed immediately. But according to his
campaign manager J udy Cornelius, Trimble
would rather wait it out. Changing the by-laws to '
move up the date would require putting the
reservation in federal receivership, setting a
precedent for another takeover ai ioon aslrimble
clashes with Washirigton (as is eÍpected). ..
.
The first Sioux to serve as BtA superintendent
at Piqe Ridge, Trimble's 14 month term ended last
Spring when the BIA bodted him out on Wilson's
insistence. At first friendly to Wilsoír and hostile
to AlM, Trimble ended up being accused by Wilson of "handing over the reservation to AIM on a
silver platter.'r Trimble protested Wilson's
pocketing of federal funds, neglect of the.needs of
the traditional people (among the poorest and
most isolated), catering to the whites who own % '
of the reservation, and other habits which have
helped keep the unemployment rate as high ás
n
7O%o andthe life expectancy dòwn to 46.
"
With Trimble not available for comment, t
asked J udy Cornelius for his opinion of AIM now.
She described him as "having no real problem
with AlM" and said his ideas "are probably every
bit as radical" as those of AlM, in terms of what
changes need to be made. Trimble, Cornelius asserted, sees a number of orderly steps on thg way
to change which AIM overlooks.
AIM supporters are somewhat mixed in their
opinions of Trimble. While some are skeptièal of
anyone who has spent most of his adult life
"hobnobbing with BIA officials who have ripped
off Indians," most recognize that Trimble has
gone through changes and point to his honesty
and courage in standing up.to Wilson, both during
.

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his superintendancy and in the election. ln any

1

event, almost anybod'ir would be considered añ
improvement over Wilson (and Trimble is better
than many others). Trimble is expected to do what
he can to halt the violence and to see to it that
federal f unds help people in need rather than line
the chairmän's pockets. Under the tribal governmentr/BlA spoils system, many jobs will be u¡i for
grabs (a plus this time); the "goons" are about to
be out of jobs.
Trimble would like to decentralize the BIA
stnucture, thus aiding those outside the BIA
center/Wílson stronghold of the village of Pine
Ridge itself . He is also expected to cut the ties to
Nebraska business interests which Wilson had
cultivated, thereby draining money from the
reservation.
The very form of current tribal governmenÇ as
authorized by the 1934 Wheeler-Howard lndian
Reorganization Act, sets unfortunate limits to
basic change. The Act imposes a foreign structure
on tribal life. lnstead of following natural leaders,
chosen by consensus, lndians must elect officials
responsible to (and easily corrupted by) the BIA
rather than tortheir people. Many traditional
people at the reservatíon have therefore never
participated in the elections. ln the past, that
made it easíer for Wilson to pack elections with his
supporters.
Apart from Wilson's election defeat, native activists, especially those at Pine Ridge or those in- "
volved in the Wounded Knee occupation, have
little to celebrate. While the FBI presence at the
reservation has diminished since two FBI men
were killed J une26, the harassment continues.
Three of four men (one is underground) charged
in those deaths have been held for months on
$250,000 bond each. There has been no investigation into the death of an lndian that same dày.
LeDeaux has been in jail since September
Joanna
-. 1þ for refusing
to testify befoie a grand júry on
that day's incidents; she has asserted her independence as member of a sovereign nation.
The last in the exten5ive series of trials on the
Wounded Knee chargÇs was not over until last
November 13. Trials on other 1973 and1974
charges are still pending. Even those who are not
convicted will have spent years living under the
threat of imprisonment with their energies tied
up in defending themselves in court (and, sometimes, against physical assaults as well) rather
than in strengthening their movement. FBI/BlA
cooperation in surveillance and harassment of
so-called "militant" lndians has been known for
some time. Hank Adams of the Survival of American lndians Association in1974 exposed documents which revealed that the Justice and lnterior
Departments had, for ten years in South Dakota,
been "denying políce protection to l'ndi¿n persons, properties, and rights, and refusing to
prosecute offenses against them." Targeting, in
the late 1960's, a f 'disruptive criminal element"
at the Pine Reservation (on the basis not of their
violating laws but of questioning US govdrnment
policy and of asserting their own political rights),
()WlN

government agencies initiated a policy of refusing
to heed their requests for aid (cf . Akwesasne
Notes, Early Summer,1975). The military's illegal
and disguisefl presence at Wounded Knee during
the 1973 siege, under a plan for testing treatments
of civil disturbances (here called "Carden Plot")
was described in declassified documents earlier
thip year (cf . New York Times', December 2, 1g7S
and Ron Ridenhour and Arthilr Lubow's "Bringing ihe War Home" in the November, 1925 New

fimes).

Russell Means, sentenced December 31 to four
years on a1974 charge, faces several more trials
(with a combined maximum sentence of 111
years). leonard Crow Dog, the highly respected
spiritual leader of Al.M, given five years' probation on a Wounded Knee charge in August, was
sentenced .November
20 to five years in prison on
'"åiding
charges of
¿nd abettin j ãn ãtsuüit,; in
what seems a calculated insult to lndian cultural
life and a way to demoralize AlM. Within the past
'six months, AIM supporters have been arrested
on what they say are trumped up charges in
Kansas, Minnesota, Oregon, Nevada, and other

states.
Dennis Banks was arrested J anuary 24 in El
Cerrito, California, after having been underground since August, when he failed to show up
for sentencing on a 1973 charge arising out of a
police riot. Now fighting extradition toSouth
Dakota, Banks had fled the state, his lawyer John
Thorne said, because he believed "if he spent a
day in .iail [there], he would not come out alive."
Thorne will raise the issue of treaty rights and,
thus, the lack of US jurisdiction in Custer, SD,
where Banks had originally been ârrested. t
Having spent millions of dollars on triald refated
to Wounded Knee, the US government faces an
embarrassing track record on obtaining convictions and, according to WKLDOC lawyer Lew
Curwitz, has had to resort to other tactics. The
small WKLDOC staff , with funds enough for only
one meal a day, must scramble from city to city
(and sometimes state to state).defending its
clients. Some WKLDOC lawyers and legal
workers were beaten up by Dick Wilson's men last
February; in October, FBI men broke into all three
WKLDOC offices in South Dakota, ransacked
files, and attacked some of the staif or held them
at gunpoint.
The newest government assault on WKLDOC
came in J anuary of this year, as three lawyers
received subpoenas to testify before a grand jury.
The unprecedented tactic (with the possible éx-'

ception of some Mafia cases) is an attempt to
"drive a wedge" between movement groups and
their lawyers. Denied their rights for so long, lndians will now have a tougher time getting
lawyers they trust to defend their rights
"Lawyers and legal workers are now on notice
'that
when they seek to represent lndians in
American courts, they will be subject to being
hauled before grand juries, with allthe power and
threat to them that those institutions represent"
(statement in support of Marty Copleman, the

f' ,i

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f rom voices
Denn is Banks and Russell Mèans Photo

f

rom

Wounded Knee.

first lawver subpoenaed, from the Center for
Constitutional Rights, NVC). The implications for
lawyer:'client conlidentiality and for political trials
grave.
senerallv
" With theareUigalloping
into the Bicentennial
year, it seems n-o acé¡dent that the.Army has deå¡¿eá to orotect its own, clean up American historv, an'd help downgrade present-day lndian
oroîest bv declaring the 1890 Wounded Knee
-assacre not to have been a massacre. On
December 29, the 80th anniversary of the..
.arsu.r" whích marked the end of the (official)
wars aqainst the lndians, the Army issued its reóoiron"u bill introduced.by Senator Abourezk to
bav $3000 each to the heirs of the Wounded Knee
ui.îirr' Asserting that "great restraint.and
comoassion" had been shown "in the events
È"ãinn uo to the encounter," the Army said it
*rrlà"Ue"'unfair and inaccurate" to call "the
.oãntan"ors and heated battle" in which both
ildes got "carried away" a massacre (New York

Times and AP stories, 12/30/75). The report has
been getting more publicity than much of .the

¡'

Wilson-inspired terrorism at the reservatlon
where Wounded Knee is located or the federal
touárnrn"nt's continuing attacks on lndian ac-

tivists.
CONTACT:

..

...

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WKLDOC is urgently in need of money, fundrai sers,-l ãwy"tíl gál workers an d exþér ien ced
media þeopÍe (the" lãtter both in Rapid Cit-y and in
Vvash¡ngtón, OC). Contact them at Box 2307,
Räpid city, SD 577o1; 605-348-5846. other wavs
to help inóiude: joining local Nativ-e American
Solidårity Committees (NASC) orforming new
ones (contact NASC at Box 3426, St. Paul, Minn'
55165); urging the press to give more and better
coverage tó issues of lndians' rights (also a means
of prevénting violence); writing to Ford,
Congress, the J ustice Department and Bureau'of

't

lndian Affairs.

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to be

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in Angþla
MAJOR CARLOS WLSON

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being used to hire mercenaries for duty in Angola
and.that the US government is not emfloyingcivilian Vietnam veterans as mercenaiies'in Ãngola, it has long been known in the vet communitv
that their services as mefcenaries are eagerly
sought by several CIA front organizationî. Rirgola
is merely the newest contract.
A.civilian helicopter.company in Oakland,
^
California,
was recently picketed by the VVÂW
afte¡ discovery that the f irm was a CIA front hiring
vet helicopter pilots for duty in Southeast Asia anií
other duty assignments. Journals such as Soldier
of Fortune have featured articles on the mechanics
of.becoming-a mercenary in Africa, comptete with
addresses of where to write and suggestions such
as, "Don't forget to list medals recèlved for Viet.

nam duty."
J ames A. Scott of El Kamas Enterprises in
Anaheim, California, a former Speciál Forces
veteran and CIA mercenary himself, represents
but one of several CIA fronts hiring Veis for
mercenary duty. And the hiring is hardly secret:
Scott is quoted as saying that, ãlthough in the past
contracts were made in an underground matter,
demand for coYnbat experts for duty in Latin
American, Rhodesia añd Angola has reached such a

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activists who had grown politically dormant in the
past years.
Repeating the same steps taken for Armstrong's capture two years ago; the anti-war comm un ity formed a .Freedom com m ittee i m med iately
following news of Fine's arrest. Wherl Fine returned tõ Madison five dayp fotl-rving'his capture,
the committee, along with Fine's parents, Manuel
and Ann Fine, had gãrnishdd enough support and
testimony to persua-de Federal Magistrate'" '" '
Barbara ÖraËu to rearce uãil srré ãet itre f ieunã'at
$30,000-a sum paid for by the committee änd a
$25,000 mortgage on Manuel Fine's home.
Magistrate Crabb released Fine on bail in the
custody of J ames Roweri, once an anti-AMRC ac-

Maior Ca¡los Wilson is the author of The TupaThe Unmentionables (Branden, 1974.

^Tritt

@)

,

It is difficult to estimate the exact number of
vets who have'been hired for mercenary duty because CIA f.ront companies contract in secrei, but
a reasonable estimate is close to 125,000 over
recent years for duty in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the United States itself . There are
presently several húndred Vietnam veterans in
Añgola,'with several hundred more scheduled for
immediate departure. Denials by the White,Flouse
and.góvernment âgencíes involved implies ihat;
while such contractíng is not "approved" by thó
government, no action is being or will be taken to
stop the f low of vet mercenaries.
Without doubt, the Vietnam veteran has beèn
and continues to be the butcast of the ,70,s. ,¡Cl
benefits" such as the educational bill, home loans
and even hospital care at the VA hospital, are
woef ully inadequate. Few vets desiiea delcome
home parade,or even a simple "thank you,, for
many ¡ecognize their error in serving in that unjustified war. But they quickly grow tired of hearing, "Serves them right."'Thev haveto hide the
fact that they served in Vietnam if they want any
chance for employment. $1200 to $1500 a month in
mercenary pay becomes tempting under such rejectingconditions, especially for those long off the
unemployme.nt benef it I i nes. and sti I I unem ployed.
But I plead with all Vets not to forget the'vitál
lessons learned from Vietnam, espeèiallv the
lesson that "national interests" i4 that tiny nation
meant the killing of old women anä-men, murder
and even the wholesale slaughter of childrenl
gang rapes, and the total destruction of a once
beautiful land. "National interests,, in the case of
Vietnam also meant the attempt to block the right
to self-determination of the pe'ople of an entirenation who struggled for that very concept.
Service in Angola will be no different nor will
the return from Angola. The crimes against the
people will be the same, âs wjll the crlme against
yourself should you elect such duty. lt is not easy I
realize for I too am a Vietnam veteran who múst
go through the remainder of life praying and cryingTor forgiveness of my crimes. gut nõw is the
time for the true test of the promises we made to
ofrselves from Vietnam. RÅd for me, there is no
unemployment period too long, not enough spit in
America nor too many "Serves-you-right,, chants
to force me to take up arms against thõie who
struggle for self-determination. No offer of benefits can cause a change in my stand. t know tl.ris is
equallytrue of lnost Vletnam vets, and I salute my
sistêrs ánd brothers ryho share this stand.
But for those who may find doubts, I plead with
you to exercise your good judgement and reconsider; remember the promises to yourselves. lf
you are approached by the "Merchants of
Death,'¿ let the message ring loud and clear:
There are still veterans whohave no price tag on
their souls !

r-.

o"u,d Fine. Photô froni

,

ass

DRVID FINE

'*

i

stant-to-the-mayor.

fittã;Jutternpti tólecure retease met with iwo

legal stumbling blocks. The first wãs'an attempt
by the FBI and the US attorney to appeal
Magistrate Crabbs decision to réduce bail. The
other was a move by an office-sêeking District Attorney who had Fine rearrested on state charges
only twenty minutes after he was freed on bail
from Federal charges. The Magistrates decision,
however, was upheld, and the state iudge-released Fineon $75,000 recognizance bond.
Fine's release is his first legal victory, and one
that lends strong credibility to an anti-war movement that for so long battled a system that perpetuated the war in Vietnam. Fine, a long-time
activist with SDS both at his Wilmington, Del.
high school and on the Madison campus, sgid that
üii óõùtìããi peisôect¡ue hasn't alterda niuêtr
during his life underground. "ln the era of Victory.
of the Vietnamese, Americans no longer trust a
governmentwhich waged genocide in lndochina
ãnd has lied to the people about the war, Watergate and the ClA, among other things," Fine said.
.'Due to this mistrust, and the lessons we learned
in the anti-war movement, I feel there is great
potential for significant social change in the US."
The Fine defense will be under Atty. James M.

CRPTURED

N CRLIFORNN
JAN FATLER

J
i

I

tivist, friend and co-worker of Fine on the UW
student paper, the Daily Cardinal, and his wife,
Susan McCovern, daughter of Sen. Ceorge
McCovern. Rowen now works in Madison as

t"Uî,i"'

Five and a half years have passed since the
August 24,1970 early morning bombing of the
nr'my Math Research Center (AMRC) on the
Univêrsity of Wisconsin Madison campus. Five
and a half years, plus one long, political mitigation
that ended in the conviction on second-degree
murder charges of bomber Karlton Armstrong,
presently serving a 23-year sentençe.
' Now, with theãrrest in California of David Fine,
anothei trial is being readied in Madison. Twentythree-vear-old Fine is the second of four personÞ
¡nd¡ctéd by a Federal Grand J ury in connection
with the AMRC bombing to be broughtto trial.
The bombing-a political act in"protest of
genocidal war research carried on by the centeriesulted in the accidental death of a'physics researcher, Robert Fassnacht, despite a prior warning asking policeto clear the buildine. The other
tw-o persons involved, Dwight Armstrong,
younger brother of Karlton, and Leo Burt, are still
at-large.
-f-¡nã, appearing considerablymore aged than
the 18-yeâi-old boyish face that ha's for five years
decorated the FB!-Ten-Most-Wanted list, was
taken into custody by two Federal agents on JanuaryT,in San Rafael, Calif., where he had been
livinÉ under the name of William James Lewes,
and ðollecting unemployment insurance. Bail was
initially set at one million dollars.
. I
The irews of Fine's arrest set a tremor of activity
within the Madison community, bringing together
left¡si splinter groups and drawing ouf anti-war

1

Shellow, an excellent criminal trial lawyer who has

'

an Faller is a student and f ree-lance writer living
n Mad i son, ùl i sconsi n.

to his record the defense of the Camp McCoy
Three and anti-wrar activist Father J amès Croppi.
Facing seven state cha¡ges and five Federal
charges, which could carry up to two life terms
plus additional penalties, Fine has pleaded inno- ¡
cent. The Federal trial is set for May 17th.
Local support for Fine has been heavy among
community groups for whom opposition to AMRC
war invofvement has become a cause. The Daily
Cardinaldonated $5,000 to his defense and

pledged full support. Fine, meanwhile, has reacquainted himself with Madison, and reintegrated himself into the community working hard
to make his bail freedom permanent freedom.
CONTACT:
David Fine Freedom Committee
Box 93

Madison, Wisc.53701
wlN9

Cartoon by Nuez/C.ramma/LNS.

i

t¡

the role of the Socialists:

L

I

PORTTJGAT S POLITICAL

DRAMA

to'*n"n

ist clilemma. These men, accorcling to CunhaRego, belong to the ClA. " l have never read betr
i"i?Tutvsut'ót tf'" Portuguese situation than those
macle bV the

ClA,"

he said.

"They are

the

¡

srnartest nten l have ever met.
Despife its image in the West, the Portuguese
Socialist Party was not a powerf ul f.orce when the
Ãi.ed Forces Movemeni, in rebellion against the
.otot ¡ut wars in Af rica, overthrew the old regime
ãÁ Árriil 25,1974. Cunha-Rego conf ided that the
oortu ttaA otnlv 227 members at the timé' Yet he
i,iãli-un¿ this is apparently the guiding concern
ol ther Socialist leadership-that only their party.
;;,;i¡ ttr;" of f a f ascist reaction, like that in Chile'

The Communist Party and the olÉer Iett groupings
moved too fast, he stated, arousing and threatening the real right. Tl'Íis strategy of forming a center bloc in a polarizing atmosphere from a position
of cirganizational weakness is what led the Socialist leãders to Kissinger's door,
"The CIA has not been very active in Portugal,
unlike they are in Spain," Cunha-Rego declared.
(Since my meeting with Cunha-Rego, the Associ-.
ated Press has reþorted that the CIA haS funneled
$10 million a month since J uly,1975 through
European Social Democratic.sources to
' Westein
the Portuguese Socialist party.) He added that the
CIA is "working very hard against Franco [This

the cotrrrtrY
Cr.¡n ha-Rego is a highly influential Socialist. He
irlt'nt if ies himself as being on the right wing of the
p arty During a four hour d iscussion at his home
plained his strategy for
I tì micl-september, he EX
the party, which gener al ly has been presented in

x

'rt-

the Western Pres s as the democratic alternative to
a Comm unist dictator ship . "My big disillusionment wi th America was K issinger, " he said
"Mario Soares and l had twg meeting s with him in
Washington.' ' The details of these encounters,
one lasting 20 minutes and the other a half hour,
were not publi cly reported. They apparentl v occurred in 1974 when Soares was Foreign M tn i ster
Cunha-Rego states that al though he and Soares
tried to exp lain to Kissin ger the n ecessity of
Ameri can support for th err pos ition, he was
" rude ." Cunha-Rego believes that the US Secretary of State was Person ally unimpressed with
Soares and definitelY ml ffed that Portuga l's Foreign Minister did not speak Enelish. Kissinger
told his visitors that he had met with Ceneral
S¡rin ola, who had made a favorable impression
because he is "a strong man " The Socialist
pet itioners left the American caP itol in dismaY
-lhere are,,however, Americans Pos sessing the
Socialpol itical soPhi stication to comPrehend the
Sirl Blumenthal is a contributing editor of the
[J
WCAS-{¡U in Cambridge. He is editor of Covern-

)

mt,rrt by Cunplay to be published bV New Americ;tn Library in March

I

10wlN
L

rì

the

I wondered whv the uS should treat
Portuguese Socialists so benignly after the "de-

BY S¡d Blumenthal
Estoril is an urrlikely place for a leader of the Portr.ieu"to Socialist Páriy to live. The ev^er.reliabfu,arthur Frommers' Dollar Wise Cuide to
Þortuga!says, "This chic resort along the PortuguesJRiuiera.has long bas.kecl in its reputation as
ã playgrounclof kings. Fading countesses arrive at
if,o táií*ay station, monarchs.in exile drop in at
ihe Palació Hotel for dinner, the sons of assass¡nat.cl dictators sunbathe by the pool-and an
international ioiede vivrepervades the air'"
ìiui V¡ito. Óunha-Rego,'the former campaign
rnu*g"t ancl chief of staff for the Ceneral SecreSocialist Party, Mario Soares, told me
tiiv
;;rh"òíttre
t*''ttt have fallen considerably since March
11." M¿rrch 11isthedateon which CeneralAntonio cle Spinola stagecl an unsucceqsf ulrightist
¿,;,.;t; M;Åy of the r,üealthv residents of Estoril f led

was before Franco died.l They are tryiñg to get a
I iberal neo-capital i sm. "
At a brief inþ at the US Embässy, 3 State
Department põlitical off icer assured me that the
Soð¡alist Party is not a radical force. "But isn't the
Socialist Party socialist?" I asked. "There are all î
kinds of sociaiism," he replied in a voice betraying mild annoyance with my' naivete..The view
frõm the American Embassv is that the Sociali¡ts
will "digest" the r:adical economic and social' ;".
m"asurõs already instituted'and not seek to
extend them. "They can be dealt with," I was

.'i

'A man working on a northern Portuguese farm that peasants turned
intoicoooeiáìÍue. Theowner, with-his many business ¡nterests, fled

Portugal åfter the overthrow of fascism in April, 1974. Before the coup,
onlv ii¿ oi ihe ia.m's land had been farmed, with another 1 50 acres of
oliv'e and cork trees. Since the olive trees require on Iy one month of
labor everv vear and the cork crop'is harvested once every n¡ne years;
thev oroú¡äe l¡ttle work for the villagers.
Ëiiht months ago, 34 peasants frõm thè village formed a cooperativq
and o"¿cuo¡eJtne iand. ihey planted wheat, corn, potatoes, a several
acre garden and they began grazing cattle between the ol¡ve trees.
stti.i itr" .oup, peasañts, õspeciãlly in the South have expropriated
land oncã beloniing to largô laildownêrs, arid many cooperat¡ves have
formed. Howevãr tñese gains have been threatened by increasing
rightisl influence in the ãqvernment ¡n recent weeks. Photo bú Phil

Spinelli/LNS.

¡

stabilization" of the Chilean Socialist government, the State Department pfficial explgined that
ihe aiiuations were not comparable. ln Chile
power,ful forces were asking the US for aid, the.
i.e" p.ess was threatened, ãnd most importantly,
nllende began a policy of expropriations violating
tráditional agreements. Although this presentation of the history of American-Chilean relations
*às -ostly lies, ít did demonstrate'howthe State
Department feels about a genuine.ly soc-ialist
movement. The Portuguese Socialists, I was told,
would act in a reliable manner, following "established
îJt"rt"ti'Ëilassv brief¡ne and shook hands
with the politicalofficer, I noticed that a coffee
mug embossed with the symbolof the Portuguese '
Soc¡al¡st Party rested on his desk.
Postscriot: After the confused revolt by Leftist
parãtrõõpärs at iñe Îáncos airbase in NoVember,
ìszs. tl'r" Lisbon press was generally purged of
leftists. Victor Cunha-Rego became editor of
Diario de Noticias, a morning daily which
previously had leaned in the direction of the Communist Párty.
Clearly, there are several tendencies within the
Portu g uése Social i st Party. Cu n ha-Rego re.presentsã more rightist stance than others' Although
the Socialists currently occupy many government
off ices and control signif icant institutions their
hold is precarious. Pãrtly initiated under their
respectable cover, an authentic right-wing upsuîþe is occurring. Leftists cannotoperate publiclv iñ northern Poitugal as the old fascist forces are
rägrouping and becõming bolder. The Socialists
knãw wetl-that the right will not'be satisf ied by tþe
elimination of Commi.¡nists'aniC those to their lpff;
if the right really makes a come-back the Socialists'
ãre maiked targets too. Yet they have persisted in
a visceral k¡nd õf anti-communism; their oreanizational weakness also militates against any
ãorton f ront with the Communists. The way in
*n¡.f, they move in the future will be mainly
oredicateá on their assessrnent of the virulence
änd strength of the right,
nnd whãt of the Americans esconsed in the
Embassy? Cunha-Rego told me th.at he wouldn't
Úe surprised if they siarted !o b,qck forces to the
right of th¿ Soc¡alists once the SP appeared succeisf ul,. Undoubtedly, the CIA is fiddling with
other political parties. These maneuverings are
preliminary to the next phase of the unique
Portuguese revol ution.

-(>

WIN

I

11

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I
I

\

families are threatened by the expanslon. This
struggle haS been well publicized on TV and in the
pressln 1975 but nothing will bedone until the
i976 elect¡on ' The Swedish Peace and Arbitration
Society (a riew WRI section) is giving the farmers
i:
support.
Several other,areas are threaiened by militar!'
plans as Swedeh spends 10,000 million Krona on
defense per year placing her third or fourth in
defense expenditure per c4pita for nation states.
ln Belgium a similar struggle has been going on
for severàl years against a camp of 3,000 hectares
in Marche-ån Femmne, a region in Southern Belgium which is best knqwn for its beautìful forests
ãnJ iarrnland. Here 67 peasanEformed GACIM
(Action Group Against the Militåry Cámp Con\
struction). ln 1972, after a meetirìg with the
peasants
the
decided
the
Minister of the Army,
carnp expansion was unnecessary becausÞ many
bases in Belgium are empty and unused.
When they called for support to save their land,
many of the traditional peasant syndicates and
trade unions refused. Because of the ecohomic
situation in the rural area the local authorities and
administration accepted, the base construction and
iotA tn"ir land immädiaiely to the government
(the same land they had previously bought by
taxing the peasants). So legal and parliamentary
actioñ was difficult from the very beginning.
Direct action was necessary to make their plight
100

The orobleÀs of farmers and peasants are well- '
Lnovün ánd similar all ovêr thd world: state and
toroorute land grabbing; the rising cost of seed,

I

a

eoúipment, and= fertilizer; the difficulty of getting
wäter and proper irrigation assistance ' . . Recentlv. however, farmers and peasants in many
c'ountries ar'e facing a new difficulty, the expaniioì of mllitarv carñps and bases onto their land'
i¡yrrãirr"i itll for a firing range in Sweden, a helicopter training base in Texas, an air base in
Micronesia, or an urban guerilla counter-insurn"nìu bàse'in Southern Flance, the military of any
ãounirv can, with little effort or parliamentary
resistance. ûprootthose living in the areato carry
their death dealing and death training.
out
- -Þðuiánts
and farme-rs rarely have enough power
or confidence to fight huge military power. When
resistance does apþear, the government steps.in
and promises comþensations which are sometimes
ñôi Jelivered or are only token amounts..lf the .
r"tittãn." continues thé government and the militarv will use anv means in their arsenalto win
eipans¡on. Rurâl people with little support from
ifrå outs¡Ue world br little understanding of the
öoi¡i¡ãt ¡nuolved, give up, try to find a home close
or move to a large city'
bv
-'Èo*"ue.,
in thelast sbveral years, more and
.o,'ã farmers are resisting lanci expropriation by
people
äovernment and military. More and more
to
enemy
an
as
military
see
the
to
ãre beginning
their uäry suivival. ln some cases peasants are
ôubliclv äuestioning not only why world powers
*t o aré tälk¡ng about "peace and detente"
should be incrãasing miiitary facilities and
U"ã""ti.-U"t also wñv a miliiary should be nee$ed
at aä, Pácifism is the logical extention of thèir'
developing anti-militarism, so nonviolent
i*¡riáäce-ttas become the technique of struggle'
Sustai ned.nonviolent struggle by f armers
the militarv has reachêd full reality only
"nã¡ttrtl-ãrtuc plateãu in Southern France' ln other
oñifrã
ãt"ãipu¡¡umäntarv politics are being tried, in
of
üiiõt[ãtt, violent i'esistance. But the struggles
ihose us¡ná either parliamentary politics or violence have-not continued or sustained their strugtói ã"ãitended period.
-elËÀinã..ere
in Västergotland; Sweden, the
*¡lita.v obiainêd the lanä for extqnsion before the
iô.ái péøe knew enough to organìze a campaign'
. The exor'opriation was sanctioned by the governru"i á'i *äll as the military. Now the people in .
ihái;;u are desperatelv tiyingto organize and
, have hired the famous Swedish lawyer, Henning
to work on their case.
Siostorm.
-'Âi stiiiineard
(also in Sweden) a campaign has
Ue"n ãoiná õn foi several yea.rs-tP stop a f iring.
i"nn"-rrotñ beins construited. The range would
amoînt to anothér 8,000 hectares on top of {,000
*n¡.ft the military aiready has in that area' Over
,

to

o

o

q
o

Bv GraiÉ Simpson

,l
I

i

I

1l

Craig Siinpson is a former staft member of .the
War Resiste r s I nter national.

known.
ín lgi zcAcl M members' chai ned t'hemselves
to the parliament tq publiðize their çause. Soon
afterward they turned their cows loose during a

soccer match in Anderlecht Football stadium. ln

\

1973, during a-dock strike in Anvers, they showed
their solidañty by sending farmänd milk products
to the strike fund trying to gain a broader audience and support workers in similar situations.
Their tast démonstration was held in May,1i975,
when 900 people working against the 30 million
Belgian Franc purchase of a fighter plane
rnuËh"d w¡th dhe peasants in the city gf Mârcheen-Femmne to show joint support for their causes.
The latest word, however, is that the peasants
have just about given up. This happened for a
variefy of reasons: the lack of support frorn a large
cross section of the Belgian population, the pressures and intimidation by the government and the
military to get off the land, a brqakdown in group
unity, problems of ideological differences'
, l¡ Texas, the farmers of Cattesville áre rel-ying
aimost completely on mobilizing support in the
Senate and Housé. The group formed to stop the
expansion of Ft. Hood, the largest military trainin! camp in the world, is called "Our Land, Our
Liües."'Îhe two div.isíons and helicopter brigade
stationed there feel crowded. 25,000 hectares of
land isn't enough; the army wants 24,000 more.
"According to Paul Allen Williarns of theWar
Resi sters Läãg ue South Central reg ion al off ice

which is working to build support for Our Land-,.
Our Lives, "Thõexpansion is unnecessary and is a
further example of wasteful military çpending in
addition to escalating the capacity for violence ard
threatening our security.í'
; Our Land, Our Lives has gotten support from bank presidônts, the Çhambèr of Comr.nÊrce*and '
'others who are working together to swing su¡iport of Senators and Congressfolks. The.group is
inaking every attempt not to be red-bajted and has
avoided making any strong anti-militar¡st state' *
ments or seekiñg súpport lrom the pacif ist community. lh'ey arè now waiting for Congress's

"

'

response.
. Across the seas in the Micronesian lslaù of
Tinian, the US Air Force hàs been interested since
uav, igzz in Luildine a huse $144.6 million milítary base and supply complex. "US Iand ræeds are
extbnsive. . . so much so that we feel we should
ácquire the Northern % of thê island for military
puiposes. We feel we should 4!so ask ¡o acquire
ihe Southern third, but would make this part of
the island availablô to current residents fôr normal

.

,

wlN
WIN

:

áit¡u¡tiãJana cornrnrnüv iiiã," accotding to Frank
Hayden Williams, chief American spokesman, ?s
quóted in RECON (summarized from the Friends
oÏ Micronesia Newsletter). "The'people of Tinian,
many,of úvhom had préviously welcomed the
proóóects of limited military presence on their
island are 'visibly angry,' according to administration spokesman FrankChong. lmmediately .
following'the announcement, signs opposing militarv plans began to appear. Former Mayor Joe
Crúzsaid, 'l have always been quoted as being
pro military, but moving San Jose'[where the en- :
tire population livesl is ioo much: . .-' Felipe . :' :
Atal.ig, a member pf the Congress of Micrciäësia
'' 'sa¡d ñé doubted the people would allow themselves to become virtual peons on their own lahd, j.
,'l
'as US proposals would'have it.'
!
points
out
that
Palau
from
"Onä Cöngressman
some of the proposed military uses for Tinian may, i:i: i
be a 'smoke-screen' for taking attention away '.''li
from Cuam and Palau. The US made public in
August 1972, plans to take over 2ïo/o of Palau for a
Maiine guerilia base, airfield and 'storage facili'
ty.' Theie is almost universal opposition to bases
on the part of Palauans."
In Siotland there are pnoiests against Amqrican
Polaris bases; in the South coast of England, i
people have been trying for years to retrieve land .,.
iakén from them bylhe mil¡tary in World War ll;
and there is military camp resistance in several
places in West Cermany.
Fut the country where camp extention has become a major issue is France. The center of these
struggles is Larzac, a large plateau in the
Southèrn part of the country where peasants and
farmers have been resisting the expansion of a
French military training camp since 1970. The-ir,
'
creative nonviélent acti-ons häve clven strengih , .'
and encouragement to peasants fn Fontevraud,

12

:i'

13

i

,t

Friche, and Riversalites to begin or continue '. '
resistahce. The Larzac peasanls have also supported people resisting construction of nuclear
bower ólants and ski résorts in the same wäy. The
Larzac'struggle has lasted longer and has been' '
much morel-uccessful because of : 1) their use of
creative, imaginative nonviolent tactics; 2) the
growing suppbrt of a wide variety of groups and
individuals'lôcally, regionally, nationally and nôW
internationally; and ¡Itheir continued and ,
developi n g anti-m i I itarist perspective.
Whdn tñe Minister of Dêfenle in France an- '
'nounced the intention of the government tô expand the small training camp on the plateaÛ fiom
3,000 hectares to 15,000 hectares, the. peâsantsof
the region were unorganized andtconfused. While
attemþting legal channels they met peasants from
other äreai wñose land was expropriated by the
- military,.,These peasants told of the government's
'

picketing." "Who does Kissinger think he's fooling? Not the MPLA.'

house and slightly inluring him, his wife and
seven children, Cuiraud was at the point of fear
ánà-àetoài. ána *às about to give iñ to the militarv
oressure after f ive years of struggle..But thouiands of oeople from all over France éent chairs,
tables, mattiesses, plates, and cups as well as
monev and food. The 100 support committees
throughout France held a national day of support
for the Larzac peasants in almost every major city
in France. Even one of the country's leading

ln a nearbv church hall the marchers heard

Wirk

messages of iupport from local groups. Creetings
were eichanged, poems read. The local
committee-WlLPF, WRL and the lnstitute for ï
the Studv of Nonviolence-had worked hard to
provide more food than could be eaten and more

rhe

ConriNENTAl

\\Alk im
Pnlo Alro

architects has volunteered to help rebuild the

damaged house.
Cuiiaud announced that he would stay because
he saw how important his struggle was not only to
the small group of peasants on the Larzac but to
ir'ö"ehout'all of France.
'öuóóìã
Nbw the Larzac resisters are not working
against the military just to keep their land and
sñeep as during the early stages in their strugþle.

.

February 11. The ContinentalWalk is proceeding
from Castroville to Monterey, heading for Loè
Angeles. Five Japanese Buddhists have joined the
Wàlk as representatives of the Japanese peace
movement and will continue with it to Washington, DC.
The most serious incidentthus tar occurred
near Cotati, Ca., when a shot-gun was brandished
trom a passing truck. That area is the home of the

rightwingvigilante group.
Our thanks to Steve Ladd tor helping us to keep
our r'eaders posted on the walk's progress and to
Michael Berkowitz who filed this report from Palo
Alto aÍter the Walkpassed ihrough on February 3.
Posse Comitatus, a

d,rt

-wiN

t

Marchers at the National Day of Support
Larzac, Paris, May ,1975. Photo by Craig
Simpson.

compensation promises that never came. They .
saw quickly thàt no helpwas forthcoming from the
authorities'. When Lanzo del Vasto began speaking in churches and community centers on the
Llrzacabout nonviolence as a creative force for
social change the peasants became interested.
ln the following years the actions of the 103
p"ãruntr drew inlei'est and suppdrt from French
beople in all walks of life. [See WIN 10 /1O/74 and
1/3O/T5.lThousands of people have become attiacted to their cause and related their struggles
to the Larzac fight. Conservationists, opponents of
both nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants,
tax refusers who give 3o/o of their refused taxes to
ihe Larzac, pacifiõts and anti-militarists. Trade
Unionists, peasant leaders, and a large group of
leftist organizations have held solidarity actions.
Outside support gives the peasants the encouragement to continue
¡n ¡ãid March, 1975 abomb went off at the door
of Augusté Cuiraud, destroying a large part of the
14

WIN

for

They have come to see the military as an instrumeni of illegitimate power-as an oppressor and
invader not-only on the Larzac but throughout
France and in the Third World. They are now encouraging resistance to the military and some of
the peasants have burned their military papers.
They have also gone to other military camps and
met peasants in the surrounding areas who want
to keep their land. They have talked to them about
nonviolence and the need for resistance to the
military and have organized support for them from
all over the country
So a victory in Larzac could be important, not
only for a small group of Franch peasants, but it
couid give hope io peasants and farmers throughout the world as they str:uggle for a society in
which they are no longer the victims of mass
society and mass neglect. Demonstrations, vigils,
letters to the French, President are all ways of giving support. But we also have to begin to make
onã, two. . . many Larzacs throughout the world.

*

i

; . :4
iiterature than could be read.
The march didn't seem to'be a singing :
march-maybe a chanting march. The five'
Buddhist priests had kept up a steady chant as
they watkäd. Their presence was inspirational: l¡
a foreign land, unable to speak the language, they
remaintd friendly, helpful and courteous. The
Buddhists brought with them gleetings and a
message of solidarity from the mayor of
Hiroshima.
At the evening meeting we were shown a film
which documented the tragedy and horror of the
.atomic attack on Hiroshima. How'ironic that the
President who ordered the nuclear.bombing is
now celebrated as a folk hero How sad that the
current President has endorsed the policy of first
strike. lf they could see the film, the destruction of
human life, would they change their minds as
march sponsor Daniel Ellsberg had changed his?
The next morning the marchers tobk up the of- i
fensive against the wçapons industry. The strip
between Palo Alto and San Jose is so crowded
with Depa'rtment of Defense welfare corporationS
that it is a veritable research, development and
manufacture shooting gallery. Continental
Walkers and members of the Mid-Peninsulâ Reconversion Project walked through the early chill
and fog to greet r¡iorkers with an informational
piCketfas t-hey arrived at Lockheed's Palo Alto
research facility. Next, busy intersections.and a; i
large shopping plaza in an adjacent town ivere
leafletted. And a huge model of the Trident was
the center for a demonstration in Sunnyvale,
where the submarine was designed.
The march has gone now, headed South. But
hopefully some oflts spirit will linger. The Walk i9:-' ';
' :':
nðt a sixties counter-cultural festival. The
constituency seems a little more maturef more
experienced, maybe more committed, but also
realistic. "Are you going all the way to Washington?" I asked one marcher. "Well; I don't know.
f 'll try, l'll go as far.as I pan." The numbers, at
least right now, are smallerthan expected. That
may cha¡ge. But this is a time for winter soldieis.
A time to iorge alliances and build, learn from 1,
example and then act. We must push on international and national fronts, but not ignore com.
munity and personal growth, as the halcyon
sixties so often did.
As the marchers filed away, I felt a strong urge
to join them. Two miles. . .why I could walk for. . .
But that would ignore the work that remains within reach, and that is one of the lessons of the
march. Let us continue in their spirit. We may not
all go to Washington, but then there is much to do
in our own,neighborhoods, in our own lives.
-Michael Berkowitz

The Continental Walk came thrgugh Palo Alto this
week. Down a part of Steinbeck's El Camino Real,
the main traff ic route between San Francisco and
San Jose,.California, marched almost a hundred
women and men, children and adultS, whites and
people of color.
They moved deliberately. Past the golden
arches and the gas pumps, the Safeways and the
freeways; over the concrete, by the leveled
orchards where now only apartment houses grow.
People turned their heads,.read the signs, accepted literature.. Some honked, waved-other
shôok fists. "You left wing communists! "
screamed one irate man out of his speeding car's
window. A marcher turned smiling to her companion: "Left wing communists?"
The nieht was spent in Palo Alto, sharing dinners and conversation with families throughout
the qommunity. News and views were'widerangling, the words reflected commitmènt, awarenesi.,"We're just going to Santa Cruz.l" (/ust one
hundred\miles! ). "We took the kids out\of school
for a week, took vacation a little early." "lf the
[Cal iforn ia] leg i slature doesn't appropriate more
money for the Agricultural Labor Relations Board, .,u
the farmworkers may have to take their struggle
back into the streets-continue the boycotts and

,

1

wtN

15

ChnN

slTTtft'tfl

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JAILED'
"

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AN OCC SIONAL COTUMN Ot{ NOf{V!OLEi{CE
800 word contrtbutlons øre lnvlted from readers

MARIAN HENRIQUEZ NEUDEL
pacifism in American

physical force of fear, greed and bloody-mindedheés, andthe moral for'ce of pacifism. The police
in Chicago in 1968 may have whistled "Hi-ho,.
hi-ho, it's off to work we go," on theif way to the

Hilton, as,one story alleges-but they also felt

Bob is one of thre sPeake¡s. During
his speech he says, "Lef's bring
the goddman war ho¡e and begin

they were defending a profoundly threatened way

of life. Without that moral fervor, they might
have been a lot less enthusiastic.
And this in turn explains why so much attention
is given to eúents that can be interpreted as badguÍ provocation-sometimes to thê point even of
either rigging the event from behind the scenes,
or fabricating it out of whole cloth (viz. the Tonkin
Culf incident, the Maine, and the alleged Plot to
Assassinate Everybody in Chicago in 1968). lt
might also have a lot to do with the disproportioñate attention paid to black-on-white assaults
and robberies, again often to the point of outright

a,q

fabrication. Such an emphasis requires a corresponding de-emphasis on our piovocative acts I
(e.å. call¡ru off thè 1956 electioiis in Vietnam). ln
sholt, good-guy violence not only facilitates dishonesty, it requires it.
ln manycases, those at the top of viole¡t structures in this country have no good-guy illusions
whatever, But therr find it convenien! tg use the
moral fervor of those who will actually have to
give up their money, their energy, their children,
or their lives: and in order to do this thev must
nourish popúlar illusions. Every way, in'cluding
the "war on crime," must be made to look like a
war even a pacifist could fight in. Then the pacifist
who still obstinately and perversely refuses to
fight in it must be discredited, portrayed as a
blind idealist, or a hypocrite with some ulterior
motive (like the secret hope that The Other Side

dealing seriously with the Prob'
iems which confront us here.".
After his speech he is sitting on
the grass with friendS when he is

attaðked from behrind by six plaih .
clothed òops. They start hauling
him away, he struggles to get
loose; initant rocks an.d bottles;
instant attack by 100-200 riot
police; instant riot. Sound

,

willwin).
-.'itiói"î"."ntly,

I

of course, this whole s/et of
fabrications hab become more transparent. lt is no

indignation - never, plain ordinary blood-lust,
greed, or even fear. On the level.of national
þolitics, we have entered wars in the same spirit.
Wilson and Lyndon Johnson probably felt it per.
fectly consistent to avow peaceable intentións
during their electioneering and then to go war a!most immediately afterwards because "they
forced
-Wh"tus."
í; really äangerous about good'guy viol
lence, of course, is that it harnesses both the
16WtN

longer a striking revelation thât "fight¡ng for
peace is like scréwing for virginity;" and "Father
.Mother, the fighting chaplain" has become a butt
of well-deservéd humor. But nobody yet has done
a movie or TV show about the hundreds of un. known ex-soldiers who will never soldier again
because they have seen human faces where faceless targets i¡sed to be. Until one of these hits the
sçreen, we will still, as a nation, not have Iearned
the lessons of Vietnam.

Bob Canney ís now.doing time in
t
Florida for yet another of the
police caused..i'riots" of the antiVietnam warYears.
The:time is April 18,1970,
Straub Park, St. Petersburg, Fla'
Over 1,000 people are gathered
from al'l.over Florida; the first
state wide effort to protestthe war
and a large scale joining of the
anti-war and black movements'

Photo of Märtin Sostre f rç¡n the Martiiì Sostre

Defense Committee/LNS

'I

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MARTTN SOSTRE RELEASED

familiar?
Rally organizers believe
provocateurs were Planted in the
ðrowd.' The city council had
oassed a citv oidinancé one week
before the rälly making public
profanity illegal. CanneY and ,
others were arrested and manY
people got clubþed. His original.
charge of profanity was droPPed
but a felony resisting arres't
''
chargq was kept. He was tl¡ed in
Septlrgzo and sentenced to an
indeterminate 6 mo.'to two Years

:

'

ge.mb]vryo.mgn Marie Ru¡yon
old
Daniel Berri*tro joined with Father
chairDavis,as
ossie
and
v"iL þan
To Free
people
Committee
of
the
in
" oriSon..
ä"*¡i}-HueÏ Cã."tát
iVait¡n Sostre. Nobel Peacé Prize
Ãi'tñ. t.i"l ào defense wit- ì '
Christmas time. was liåur"d
called on
Andrei
Sakharov
winner
hesses
were allowêd by the iudeé
i#iää;üå"i"'Ëi¡tãii¿ãiAuv,
"
'because their names had nöt been I
Martin
free
to
Carev
Covernor
g,
hJ
ueãà
rgzo.
$;il"
Ëãü.
men submitted ten days in advance'
rãiu¡nâ a21toEO year*Jentðnce Sostre " . ' iR the name of all
world
the
women
throughout
and
From 1970 until last fall there
since his conviction ¡" f-.gOfiäi tfre
for
their
imprisoned
various appeals and reiecwere
heroin..
räiãäi Srs
"-'S,.rlpãä"tsoi
conviction!' ' ".
"f Sottte's clemency
tions. ln addition, CanneY lost his
-'
job as an instructor at the UniMartin Sostre's str:ength and
U¡i ¡íä"¿Là n-nesfv ¡ÃtË;äcarried him through
versity of Florida.
äiäi:',[hi;í''üä'd;i";"ã him a courase
Canney was iailed Nov. 26, 1975
Ëiirõíul. of Conscieni;'';¡,t't-' eleven beatings in the New York
over
four
Prison
going to court for a "seni
State
system,
after
uut
hi;
¿;i."i,
iò;
ilil;à;;t
ä; ñ;ìd;;;;;äi W"ll àr-¡1uny years of solitary confinement and - tence reduction hearihg."
Cannev's brothêr, retired US Air
tã"eihe liom Rneela Dãvis manv death threats' ;i'd;;
Èori"-Vaior Herbert CanneY of
iã jËãn Þá-ri s"attru. NY-State As- Free Martin Sogtre St.
Petersburg, telegrammed
, :.
wrN

Maitin Sostre, the

52 year

UläiË, p-¡"-öhi.un õ.ironur
iåäã¡ìË¿-.-1"ãä"iîiärnÑ"*
'

.

'

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;

.

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'

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Cov. Reubin Askew asking that
his brother be pardoned , or " at
least given time to put his affairs
inbrder, like they did with the
Watergate defendents. "
Unsuccessful attemPts have
been made since to get him out on
bond. The US Supreme Court has
refused to hear the case. Mrs.
Canney is asking Cov. Askew to
empanel a grand jury to investigate the conspiracy of law enforcement agencies which set uP
the original riot.
Meanwhile, Bob's other
brother, Vincent, was arrested in
late Dec. for distributing "Come
Unity," an underground paper
with articles about his brother's
case. A'defense committee continues to gain momentum and
legal actions continue. For more
information contact the Bob
Canney Support Committee, PO
Box'1463, CainesVille, Fla. 32û2.
Write to Bob Canney, O27953, at
Avon Park "Correctional lnstitution," PO Box'1100 Avon Park,
Fla.

1

33825

-

Bob Freeston

NUCLEAR INIT¡ATIVE
Californians concerned about the
dangers of nuclear power
develooment have succeeded in
qualifying the Land Use, Nuclear
Power and Safeguards Act for the
November ballot. The initiative
would forbid anY new cónstruction of nuke plants in California
until 1) either existing federal law

limiting the utilities' liability is

changed or'the utilities agree to
waive any limitations of their
liability, and 2) a legislative de'
termination has been made that
the plants are substantially safe.
Existing plants and those now
under construction will be Permitted to remain in operation
while the consideration of safetY
goes on, but will be closed down
after five years if one and two
above have not been met.
Since tÈe AEC, the utilities and

the nuclear industry advertised
widely during the sixties that
safetv oroblems were solved and
there ¡i no danger from nuclear
power plants (they now admit that
18WtN

many claims were untrúe), all the

initiafive demands is that they

According to the suit, the local
physicians have pressured three

show by 1981 that they have ac-

doctors to terminate their em-

quit their $30,000 to $40,000-ayear jobs and'volunteered to work

Tallahassee have definitely decreased over the year because of
the women's health center.
"lt is evident," Linda Curtis of

ployment with the center, and I
complished what they claimed
they had in 1965. -NeilFullagar some of them say they would deny
backup medical treatment for
women in emergency situations.
Many womenuse the ôervices
THREE ENGINEERS
offered by the Women's Choice
SAY NO TO NUKES
Clinic rather than the independent
physicians. Even one of the opThree managing engineers at
Ceneral Electric's nucle4r reactor' posing doctors has admitted that
second-tri mester abortions i n
plant in San Jose, Calif . have

for the anti-nuke movement in
California. Together they had Put
in a total of 54 years with CE.
They announced their decision at
a press conference Feb. 2 in San
Francisco.

Cregory Minor, one of the three
said: "My reason för Ieaving is a
deep conviction that nuclear
reactors and nuclear weapons
present a serious danger to the
future of all life on this planet."
Dale Bridenbaugh, another,
commented: "From what l've
seen, the magnitude of the risks
and the uncertainty of the human
factor and the genetic unknowns
have led me to believe there
should be no nuclear power."
Richard Hubbard, the third, remarked: "l am now convinced
that there is no way you can continue to build (nuclear) plartts'and
operate them without having an

accident."
Each cited different incidents or
problems which led to their decision to quit. These included
lndia's nuclear test, the health effects of radiation, the US decision
to sell reactors to lsrael and Egypt
and the severe accidental fire last
year at the world's largest reactor
complex in Brown's Ferry,

Alabâma.

_Jim peck

FLOR¡DAWOMEN'S CIINIC
SUES DOCTORS
The Tal lahassee Femin ist

Women's HealtÉ Center has filed
suit against several local physicians whom Center members believe have conspired to put the
clinic out of business and
monopolize women's health care
ín their community.

the Feminist Women's Health
Center wrote in the paper Herself,
"that the medicäl community sees
us as 'competitors' they would
like to do away.with. Because this

seriously endangers our survival,
and therefore women's health in
this community, wê have no
choice but to view this as an attempt to seize control over
womenls health care fortheir own
prof it.
"We have filed suit," Curtis
continued, "because this
-monopolistic behavior has expressed itself in a manner that not
only violates our rights as women
anci as consumers to own and

operate a needed medical facility,
but also we believe it violates the

law."

._rilS

'to accept the contract, rêading
specialists wrote up a statement
on the lack of reading programs,

atleast one burglary committed
several years amongst the Arabs,
by the CIA employees.
I know them to be amongst the
The Criminal Division is also
most racist people on earth.This
said to be investigating forrner
and there was much all-around
'is particularly true of their atti'
CIA director Richard Helms for
heated debate. :
tude towards Black people. No r
po'S'sible perj ury,before the Senate
"We didnrt lose on education
one know'S this better than Black
Forqign Relations Committee in
issues," summed up;Wells, "we
Africans living along the edges of
just didn't gain. All along the
1973.
the Sahara.
The J ustice Department wiil
union leadership had tolil us,
Many Arab families that c{n afhave to hurry, however, if it wants ford to, keeþ one or two black
'we're standing firm.' They didn't
to prosecute former director
say, 'oh no, we're not going tg be
slaves to do their menial labor.
Helms on a possible charge of
able to get this;' and so we were
Sometimes they own an entire *
authorizing illegal burglary; the
all surprised by the terms of the
family. I have seen iuch slaves
five year statute of limitations for
contract. ' '
with my own eyes. Once I pressed
that charge expires some,time in
The strike remained strong.
an Algerian official for an exthroughout its eight weeks. Somq,' , Fe^.b¡uarv
planation of the status of these
.
-tNS
93o/o of teachers and paraprofes- 't
people, and he ended up describsionals stayed out èonsistäntty,
ing a complicated form of indenand there were often more than
tuied servitude. The conversation
1500 people at a time on picket
broke up when I told him that it
ELDRIDGE CLEAVER
duty, despite massive fines levied
was nothing but a hypocritical
oN ztoNlsM
on bpth the union and all
form of slavery:'
individualteachers.
I have the deepest sympathy for
Eldridge Cleaver, who has recently
Fines against the union,
returned to the US and is now in a the Palestinian people in their
totaling $105,000 are still in efsearch for justice, but l, see no net
California prison awaiting trial,
fect, but Allegheny Court of Comgain for freedom and human dighas bitterly accused the Arab
mon pleas J udge Donald Zieger
people of being "amongst the
nity in the world if power blocs,
admitted soon after the,strike was
most racist people on earth.'1
. because of their ability to underover, that there was no way that
write sãgging economies for a
Cleaver, who spent several
the individual fines could be colyears in Algeria, condemned the
season, are able to ram through
lected.
the UN resolutions repuþnant to
campaign to equate Zionism with
All 4,400 teachers and pararacism, declaring that "Jews have hu'man reason and historicalfact.
professionals are now back in tþe
The combination of Communist
not only suffered partlcularly from
, schools, but already, the Boarrd of
racist persecutio¡r, they have done dictatorsh ip, theocratic Arab dicEducation has announced that
tatorships, and economically
more than any other people in
there will be lavoffs-the rumored
dependent Black African dictatorhistory to expose and condemn
figure is 200- in the f uture. - LNS racism.
ships are basically united intheir l
opposition to the democratic
Following are excerpts from
forces inside their own borders.
Cleaver's statement on Zionism
This gives them a lot in common
and Arab racism:
J USTTCE DEPARTMENT WtLL
and lots of room and motivation to
Two aspects of the recent UN
NOT PROSECUTE THOSE IN.
wheel
and deal amongst
resolution labelling Zionism as
, VOLVED IN CIA
themselves. But it,is not a com-'
racist
both
shocked
surprised
and
ASSASSINATION PLOTS
bination deserving of respect by
me. Shocked becauseofall the
The US government has decided
people in the world, the J ews have people from Countries enjoying
that proiecution of those involved
not only suffered particularly from democratic liberties and traditions
in CIA assassination plots in the
racist persecution, they have done of freedom. lt is a combination
past amounts to "a dry hole," acthat must be struggled against.
more than any,other people in
It mäy seemLrarãdoxical thåt I
cording to one J ustice Department
history to expose and condemn
write
source close to the investigation.
these woids from a prisoir'* .
racism. Cenerations of Jewish
The CIA is known to have been
social scientists anä scholars have cell in California. I am certainly
not a stranger to racisìn- I have
involved in assassinatiorl plots
labored long and hard in every
personally experienced it in the
against at least three heails of
field of knowledge, from anthroghettoes and prison yards of
state: FidelCastro in Cuba,
pology to psychology, to lay bare
America. But I häve also perPatrice Lumumba in the Congo,
and refute all claims of racíal insonally shared the experience of
and Rafael Trujillo in the Dominiteriority and superiority. To concan Republic.
demn the J ewish survival doctrine thousands of men and women now
The J ustice Department says
of Zionism as racism, is a travesty languishing in the prisons of
Communist and Third World
that it is still leaving open investiupon the truth.
gations of more mínor CIA illegal
countries. The cause of democracy
Secondly, I am surprised that
and freedom can best be served'
açtivities, including the Agency's
the Arabs would choose to eistabwhen men and women speak out
20-year program of opening
lish a precedent condemning rac'foreign mail entering the US;
against the forces that seek to
ism because it can so easily and
nullify them, even if this means
more than 60 wiretaps and bugs
righteously be turned against
used illegally by the Agency; and
them. Having lived intimately for speaking out from a prison cell.
,

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EIGHT WEEK IONC
PITTSBURGH TEACHERS
STRIKE ENDS
A miiitant, two-month long
teachers' strike in Pittsburgh, Pa.
ended suddenly J anuary 26 with a
1,4&6to 657 vote to accept the
proposed contract and go back to
work.
. . l'lt was really a split vote,"
commented Cindy Wells, a first
grade teacher active in the strike.
"Almost.a third of the membership voted against the contract.
We got a fairly good financial settlement, but we stood still on
everything else. "
"Everything else" included
demands for more reading
programs, smaller class size, and
more job security for young
teachers. During the stormy
six-hour meeting in which
teachers discussed whether or not

.

-News Desk
Wll'\

1(l

sçem arbitlafy,.neither necessarily the most active
nor the,best known., The-wqrnenas health book and
periqdical ,liqt. is also'arbifr4ry, .incqmplete and much
too brief . As an introduction¡ however, it would
,serve at least to jive you an idea of what the
, Women's health movement was about. (The New
Women's Suruival Sourcebook's sectiqn on .
Women's health. i,s a much more comprehensive and
useful listingof both groups and rgsourcês.,),
Most groups listed in the 11 sections of Organizing
.for Health,Care are not specifically involved in healtñ
.

l;,

'

I i:

,

:':

t |

!

groups and centers.organlzing around specific concerns (such as,AlM¡ Black Panthers,' National Sharecroppers, Gr.ay Panthers, Daughters of Bilitis, etc.).
ln the introduction the authors state they are not'.
..,trying to be comprehensive, but to "assist the people
chal lenging outmoded and oppressive i nstitutions. "
Their role is as a resource and'information tool and
this they, have accomplished.
. A warning,to readers of this as of other similar

Source Catalog 3: ORGANIZINC FOR'HEA¡JTH

CARE,aToolforChange
The Source Collective
Mass. 11974 / $5.95

/

Beacon Press

" ri'

/

.

Boston,

Orgànizing for Health Care is an excellent introduction to some of the political issues of health care in
the US. The book is organized into 11 sections.ranging from "Community Health Organizi¡g," "Hospitals," and "Women's and Third World Health" to
"Occupational Safety and Health," and 1'Health
Financing and Planning." Each section starts with a
strong analysis of the problems in each area, a platform for change and specific ways chgnge can be
implemented. lt then lists specific groups, books,
publications and audiovisuals concerned with the
.

*.i¡

1

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ì

l
l
I

i

I
ì

l

1i
1i

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same issue.
The message of the book is that total restructuring
of eur health services should take place in order to
meet people's needs. The program the authorsl ,
propose, though, concerns local action. They
emphasi2e change brought about by community action: local groups "rising up angry,'/{ doing Nader
type research and then organizing, demônölrating,
occupying, protesting, as.wellas gêtting power positions (on boards, in local governTenls, qtc,I and/or
creati

n

g alternatives.

This type of community action is, like the book, a
necessary f irst step. lt advocates working both within the system, to make it more rational and responsiv-e, and outside the system, by creating.alternative
models which do'serve people's needs in a nori-oppressive and humane way.'Both approaches may
then pr:qvide models when (and if) national restructuring occurs.
Thè strength of the book lies in its analysis and its
program. The catalog within each section is less
successful. Not meant to be comprehensive, it contains a scattering of representational groups and resources across the country-some radical, some
liberal, some even government run. We were disappointed that in the area we know best-women's
health-the book lists only six clinics and seven
women's health collectives from among the
hundreds across the country. Moreover; choices
20

wlN

', câ[€] they. are comm,unityaction groups, pressure

social chang,erdireötories is in order:., ,
1. J ust because a group is or is not listed one
shouldn't assume that the group is therefore either
good or bad or even particularly relevant.
2. There is a tendency to take groups a¡d projects
at face value (the difficulty of knowing what eaih
group in a particular city is doing let alone nationwide,'is self evident). Some groups are listed as having specific programs which in reality exist only on
paper, and other groups are represented as they I
,

ideally wish to be rather than describing what,they

are actually accomplishing and how they are in fact

structured.

:

3. One should allow for thectinstant flow and flux
of community energy. What waò a specific grpugengaged in a specif ic program at the time of wriling
(1974 in this case), may have changed structure, become regressive, been wasted by schisms and factions, been taken over by ánother group with a different agenda, or have died.
The specif ic listings in Organizing for Health Care
show actual examples both of social chânge within
the health field and of groups worth investigating
and joining. Minority groups make up the majority of
the listings, all with similar agendas, which brings
up the possibility of health care as a unifing issue.
lhe mäjor usefuiness of the book though is-in its
analysis and program. lt doesn't just complain but
also points the way to change.

BLUEPRINT FOR HEALTH: A Multinational
Portrait of the Costs and Administration of Mbdical
Care in the Public tnterest
D. Stark Murray / Schocken Books, NY / 1974 I 97.50

Blueprint for Heatth is a usef ul primer on health
systems in different parts of the world. The
reference point is the National Health Service in
Britäin, which Murray was involved in designing and
in whose success he has a personal investment. He
presents the arguments for a national health system
(pointing out that the US is the only "major western
power" without such a system), and argues for a
comprehensive national health plan financed

through taxation, rather than the insurance schemes
used in several countries and proposed ínthe U5.
Under an insurance system, doctors and hospitals
continue to profit from illness, as they rendei a bill
for services (usually only sick care is covered) which
is paid wholly or in part by the insurance scheme. ln
a complete system-'(or prepaid system) a certain
amount of illness is planned for over the whole
population, and health workers are paid by salary.
Thus their.stake is in keeping peoplä well (less w'ork,
same pay) and they are encouraged to attempt prevention, education, etc, The book gives a rundown of
the systems in most European couñtries, as well as
several Th i rd Worl d countries' ( unfortunately i gnoring the Chinese model which seems bv far tlie most
successful in a country of limitddresourees). The
analysis is rather superficial and the inadequacies of
each country's health delivery system are poorly
documented (with the exception of the US which is
continually-and justly-found lacking). The book
does not challenge the context of Western technological, industrial medicine, and does not address
the overall political issues of power: of people over
their bodies, of medicine as a reflection of ihe larger
political realities, of the hierarchical nature of most
health systems. A truly radical analysis of the health
system would have to deal with these realities and
suggest ways to change the system.

HEATTH/PAC BUTLET¡N
Health Policy Action Center, 17 Murray St., NY, NY
1CfÆ.7 I ç7.fn peryear
A publication that has tried to provide a consistent
radical critique of the American health system is the'
Health/Pac Bulletin. Although their choice of
issues has at times tended to be provincial, focussing
on New York City and San Francisco (where the
bulletin is produced alternately) rather than on national issues, Health/PAC has in general been a very
good resource for political analysis of health issues
particularly as they relate to institutions and empire
:

building.
Two recent issues are of particular note. One,
National Health lnsurance: he who pays the piper
lets the piper call the tune, a Health/PAC report by
Louise Lander is a summary of the various proposals
for a national health insurance scheme. lt is an excellent review of the current proposals and a
devastating critique of their deficiancies. There is
little discussion of viable alternatives. Nevertheless
it is a clear and concise review and analysis of a very
confusing group of proposals.
The other, MCHR: An Organization in Search ot
an ldentity by Howard Levy & Rhonda Kotelchuck, is
an analysis aird history of the Medical Committee for
Human Rights (MCHR). This is valuable not so
much from a health organizing perspective as from a
movement political point of view. lt typifies many of
the problems that bàset groups which arose duriñg
the 1960s. MCHR started as an organization to prõvide medical presence during the civil rights work in
the south in the early '60s. Medical presence at a
'wide variety of movement activities continued as an
'important function of many chapters. Though there

were several exceptions, in general MCHR never
developed a program of its own, but rather moved
froin issue to issue with the rest of the left. This lack
of an unäerlying politicalanalysis of.heatth issueg
meant that local chapters_tended to wax and wané
depending on what was happening politically in their

.i

arga,

Another major problem in MCHR, ai iä somany
movement groups, was political infighting and factionalism. Because it lacked a clear political stand,
liscernable philosophical values and analysis, and
long term strategies based on this analysis, it was'
hard to know what, in fact, one was joining. This
made local chapters open to takeovers, with the
political "heavies" of the Revolutionary Union (RU)
' or the Communist Party (CP) insisting on.a certain.
line and others therefore, finding it nõ longer useful
and dropping out.
.The national group, described by Levy & Kotelchuck as CP dominated, seemed always the weakest
part of MCHR. The loòal groups, though, remained
firmly decentralized; perhaps this rnade,them more
vulnerable to take over, but it also assisted the positive accomplishments of the group. Local chapters
were able to initiate programs appropriate to their
areas, using MCHR as an umbrella organization,
and ignore the rifts elsewhere and the unworkable
programs decreed by the national off ice (such as the
inopportune national health crusade of 1971). Out of
these local efforts came some work of lasting value -. such as Boston's Patients'Rights Handboo[ and its
"Politícs of Health" bibliography and the Occupational Health Project which is now in San Francisco.
Health Rrghts News, MCHR's publication, has
been suspended because of lack of funds and in'
terest; few tr¿CnR chapters stiil furict¡on and many
of these are RU dominated. However many lndividual MCHR people are still organizing local study
groüps, forums and projects, using the name MCHR
as a drawing card. The authors conclude: "those
factors that have led MCHR to the brink of total
..

ì

.,

afih¿ Þ¿oPl¿

t¡ho lvra*,¿ .
ô€Drin Wì¡h '

a;u h^d

^
Ëcoàorch¿
t'i3ht îot¡t"'>

WIN

21

:4

casional references to "Louisé" and the children,
and one can only ássume that thè¡r view of the
homqstead would be quite different..John Vivian
never talks about'cleaning house or washing dishes
or making the place look pretty.
, One f.inal note there's'not a wor.d'in the boék.
about the demon automobile. Tlìe hêcessity.bf a car
ancl/or truck in country life, and the problem and
cost of maintainin'g these vehicles,'is ohe of the biggest woes a homesteader faces. lt rner.its comÍnent
and concern.
-Allen Young

demise" are f itS latter day contempt of democratic
dissent, its disdain fqr theoretic3l perspective, i.t!' '
unwillingness to concretely añalyze its actiyities and
its impatience with thë slow task of buildine bases."
The analysis of MCHR that'leads to these, conclu.
qions is uqeful to,anyone involved ¡n attempts at or: r
ganization / movement br¡ i ld i n g, The u nan swered
guestion, remains: How.do you keep peopletogelher
to fight a common enemy and bring about social
changê when it is so much easier to fight your
friends?
,¡Claire Dquglas and Jim.Scott

.distance he¡:è than merely resolution or will power;
my daydreams are much too full of cuddly rabbits
and Crandma Moses farmhouses to ever become a
reality. I agree with E.B. White that "this is one
farm on which there will be no culling. l'm Þutting
the whole flock into the laying house. Those that like
to lay eggs can do that; thô olhers can sit around the
groaning board, singing and whoring." And, like
White, the only way I could ever afford a farm would
be to have a hefty outside income to support a very
expensive hobby.
Nonetheless, the one thing I do have in common
'yith genuine homesteaders is that I read books

e .L *ftq ñ

THE MANUAL OF PRACTICAL HOMESTEADING
John Vivian / Rodale Press / 340 pp. / $8.95
The author of this book believes that he and his
family are "uniquelv prepared to face up to the severe economic, environmental, and resource deple-

¡
I

22

WIN

.'

Canada K7H 3C6

.

'

Ehrlich's The End of AÍtluence? Or something purely recreational, like Raising Earthworms for Profit? I
rea!ly ought to read Our Bodies, Oursefves. Maybe
l'll be really practical for once, and order How to
Earn a Living in theCountry without

lïärr.

I

or

Eastw¡nd community- located in Ozarkl. Seeking
members. Promoting nonpunishing, nonviolênt
egalitarian society. Growing quickly. Prdsently 52
members. Assoc¡ated with Twin Oaks in VA. lnterested ¡n us, write or call Eastwind, Tecumseh,

MO657û,417-679-44æ.

-

cán unyon"
Le¡ss' Box

rr"

cance'ed postage etarnps tö

r+r:f kitwe, zå¡nb¡a'

'.,{lSC¡ 2a26 Oahu Ave., Honolulu, Hawaii96822.

¡ttÈHtloN

i¿.ently '
to those of you who,t
"v"WIN-our
.:ordèred Posters of Dorothy Day f rom
supply has been exhausted. We are printing more
, how, but youi orders will be delayed. Expect them
¡n three to s¡x weeks. Sorry. WlN.

Thc' Mcn'¡ tst¡ o, 41 1 1 l7

4.

!

Alrcady. a
t

basic te¡t of ihe Mêir's Liberation
. ,. ..: .. . ... .50d

Mqver;iènt.

Moncv-Bchind ürc Grtcn Door.

'

Radicals relate tq
ttréir money. Also Philip Berrigan on
Political Prionors and Tull Kupfer'
50d
berg'sWorstof Everythin&. ...

..

How Wc C¡us World

ihe Stiange Case
and an lnterviåw with
Plus

Vasto.
Womcn. 1975,212017

Dwoikin, Ruth Dear,
Other terr¡fic back issuss are also still
available. 1974 and 1975 issues for

ioJ oictr, orders of l5 or moré25d
each. 1973 issues are $1,00 each.
1972 ndcarlier $2.ü) each (excePt
the Mcd¡a Papers, st¡ll $1.50).

¡cBional Ncwslctte¡
Helplng &t'k -l *l he-lo,td
l'ton

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AVAII.ABLE FROM WIN
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18.(þ/yr., from L.t.OJ{.
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12471

in the OZARKS Newsletter

off' our backs

Boolts

the f,enriníet

fron

photo by

WIN

Steue Cagøn

lndochina

Thlnldng Ltke a Vloman, by Leah

"The Vietnamese come to life

... $3.25

Wash U¡ and Comb Ue, short
stories by Barbara Deming.... $1.50

Revolutlon ¡nd Equillbrlum, by
Barbara Deming...........,..... $2.00

ï9lnnlng Ilearts and Mlndq poetry
by Vietnam Ve1s................. $1.95
Walls and Bars, by Victor Eugene
Debs...... paper, $3.50; cloth, $7.50
Autoblography of Mother Jones
......'.". paper, $3.t0; cloth, $10.00
the Reca¡rt¡tlon of G¡üleo GaIlIel,
an historical drama by Eric Bentley
$1.50
Payment must accompany all
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WIN/Depr. CS.2-2
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neWS in depth coverage of the

TRADITION AND REVOLUTION
IN VIEINAM by Nguyen Khac Vien.

Rtfton,

outudl

stories that most papers ignore.

ORDERFROMTVIN:

Fritz.

neuei

publiehed nontùLy

o"r,,

Claire Douglas and Jim Scottwrote "Toward an Alternat¡ve Health Care Systern " in WIN B/7 /75. Dena
S. Davis was W,N's typesetter once-upon-a-time.
Allen Young writes lots of reviews Íor WlN.

6lh st , 43201.

Afr¡ca' '
l
WOMEN'S, LABOR, FOLK AND OTHER POLITI- Attention: WþU, pla"." ,."oly.to leiterlor.warded to
cAL RECORDS. Send stamp: Bread and Roses,
vor¡ ¡v Èmiiå n-nióii", r-"irñ, charles ô,connor.
172420¡h st NW' Dc20009
*^"aao-^.""""rr,""n"r*,^r-Hat'sbook,
'
DEFENSE tru ¡ ñúclE¡ir ncE, Flease contact
oppoRTUNtTtEs

Nrwrì uell onoen c¡r¡l-ocue

about getting back to the land. Ken Kern, Calvin
Rutstrum, Mother Earth News, you name i.t, l've
Èead it, particularly when it's 20 degrees below here
in Montreal and my thesis is stuck in a rut (i.e., anytime at all this winter). ln fact, I suspect that we
fantasizers read more of that stuff than real homesteaders, tvho are presumabty both too búsy ånd too

poor.
For both types-dreamers and doers-Lewis and
Sharon Watson have come up with a brilliant idea:
the Earthbooks Lending Library. They have an annotated catalogue of ovér 300 inspirational books,
everything from Sauna: The Finnish Bath to Starting
Rightwith Turkeys. You pay a $5.00 membership
fee, which is refundable when you cancel, and65l,
for each book or magazine you borrow. They pay
postage to you, you pay postage back to them','and
you get about three weeks to read each book. lf you
want to keep a book, you lust send them the discounted,price (based on wear and tear) minus 50é.ln
fact, I suspect that Earthbooks is a better deal as a
used book outlet than a lending library.
Filline in the order blank is a real fantasy tr:ip.
Should I get something heavy and responslble, like

l'J

,;

HELP!

Sem ¡ narian, Mav' 7 6 gr aduàté, seeks opportun ity
¡n misrant m¡nistry and,/or commun¡ty organization
and min¡strv in an urban setting. Exper¡enced ¡n
both areas. ileolv to: David Toomey, 11ü) South
Coodman St. ; itochester, N¡Ì( 14620, 7 16¿7 1.9439.

NoNcoMPETtTlVE CAMEs for.children a'nd
each other. Free
adults. Plav toeether not aga¡nst
"nn
i;t ËF; Ë.1;,1;^-iårt¡.ãi, +, Perth.óntario¡

Some of us go back tp the land and some qf us have
fantasies about it. I suspect there is a more profound

ä

styles."'Miáwesi lnstit+e, 1206

PRODUCTS

EARTHBOOKS LENDING LIBRARY
Swe'et, ldaho 83670 '

tion problems facing the world."
That is probably true.
"A hqmesteading family," asrJohn Vivian qb'
serves, "can become almost nonconsumers of the .
eárth's limited or nonrenewable resources."
Like John'Vivian, I am very happy to be living in
the country and to be involved in a homesteading experierice. The back-to-the-land movement is an imbortant political response to the existing mode of life
in the U'n¡ted States, though most of the people
involved think of themselves as apolitical. As a
response to the competitive and destructive values of
thii Eociety, homesteaders are engaged in an effort
. that is at once decentralist, nonviolent (with the
possible exception of hunters) and nurturing.
Most of this book is in the "how to" vein, ahd
since l'm not the homesteading veteran that J ohn
Vivian is, l'm not really f it to comment on the specifics of his approach to beekeeping, grape-growing or
skinning ràbbits. He offers a stuþefying panorama of
the oossibilities of life on a homestead. This is a ûseful úolume; no doubt, and recommended for both
pract¡cing homesteaders and for contemplators.
As for you political critics of us back-to-the-land
folks, I think that by reading a book such as this, you
can at least respect the incredible amount of physical
labor (productive and benef icial) that takes place on
a farm such'as the Vivians'
lohn Vivian is at his best when he shares his
know-how, which is99o/o of the book. His political
outlook, however, leaves a lot to be desired, even if it
does pop up only occasionally. He has a bit of the
, ex-urbanite self-righteousness: I believe that homesteaders have to at least recognize the existence of
urban life and ut"ban people in a way that is loving
ancl harmonious, notãntagonistic.
Also, itseems that John Vivian takes his nuclear
family iifestyle very much for granted, as if the social
change he acknÒwledges as urgent will not touch his
traclitional and precious manhood. There are oc-

New. Midwest Research lnst¡tute seeks unselfish,
s¿ciàll-èonsöiòtis, non-careeriSf; MA-PhD
uÓvrvrl.lr ecónom¡sts, political s.cientists, etc.
MUST.be able to Cet grants or raise f unds: Semisthola¡lv stúdies õri war-peede reconvèrsiori, étc. .
nÈÃo ðråiiãn¿ osterman "Tfrç New Profes.
xionals'4 DD,33-77. Studs Terkél "'!úoiking" pp
dz)s-szz . Eiz -s¡f.. Clâudia Dreifus. ".Railical Life-

analys¡S
of

from.a feminist

view.

¡eal
people."-Helen
L¿mb¡ The
Nation. Indochina Resource Center.
$2.6s.

what you can do about

WOMEN OF VIETNAIT{. by Arlene
Eisen -Bergrnan. The story of

SU'fY¡Val

women's liberation in Vietnam, north
and sorrth, ancient and modern.

l'
bread.
CUltUrg with coverage, review!'

B.

as

Peoples Press..$2.95.

OF QUIET COURAGE. Beautifully
illust¡ated collection of Vietnamese
poetry. Indochina Mobile Education
Project. $2.95.

INDOCHINA CHRONICLE. Journal
of the Indochina Resource Center.
Recent issues:

lhe

health

practical information
the inadequacies of health care

on

it'

a hovrto colümn with
ãverything irom buying a used car

to

baking

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il'

and thought pieces on an emerging

.womens's

culture

SpOftS

and the vrqnen

participate in

who

them.

Nixon-Kissinger

Sttategy i.n Vietrum; EYewitness to
Revolution: A Chansing South Víettum: and Indochina's Evøcuees in the
United Støtes, Onøyear subscription,
$10; spec-ial low incóme rate, $6.
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INDOCHINA RESOURCE CENTER
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Some years ago Nat

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Peo.ple Call
Us N'ames !

, WIN was "the liveliest publication ever to come tumbling out
, of the peace movement."

rj

Since then the Whole Earth
Crtalog described WIN as "together" and the Llbrary Journsl

' characterized our pfose as
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Abbie Hoffman pointed out

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provides. valuable

to a nationwide
fightersf'.
network
fieedom
of
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that
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This "qngaging

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In THE REC.ANTATION OF GALILEO GALILEI, Eríc Bentley portrays Galiiá as
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contemporaries-of his view of the Universe. Only then does he rebel, becoming a
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it sheds light on the dark spaces ofthe soul and the even darker spaces ofthe world'
There in tñe century of Galileo and ôur own, ruffians seek to extinguish the skill and
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