Win Magazine Volume 10 Number 41

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My comment is on the Oct. l7 issue. Andrea species ieproduction. Nonetheless, it existed
and proved ideal for putting human awareDworkin's article was good, however, Ms.
Dworkin associates sexism, racism, war and ness in,a great self-defining circle, The
dominant are concerning themselves with
general nastiness with the male sexual
,. remaining so, and the submissiv_e attempt to
model. Superflcially she is right. I'Vhat
hook thgir fortunes to some rising star or
humans nõed in orde¡ to grow is security' It
is essential to all life. Whenever human self- are fgçcibly hooked. Both groups define and
are'iohcerned only with each other, a
consciousness was bom, it was a highly "
traumatic event, it made us aware of death, repetition'compulsion' It is beautifùl and
intricate, but hopelessly inadequate for our
instinctually divided and insecure. Myths
preseni needs, Ai persons.and-as a cultu¡e
point this gut, most strongly thetree.of
imowledge'in the Garden óf E¿en, Primates we must come to terms with the cosmoE
' death and life, rather than attempt to mask
are organ"ized around various patterns of
domiñance and submission; man is a þrimate. it That's all that patriarchy is-a mask; it
becomes political when one outgrows it and
Consciousness is arising, and since that'is'
traumatig homosapiens demarid security that hàppens at differing rates and not to all
people. Ms Dworkin is like the philosophers
safety against this new ¿'¿y¡¡g¡ss5, Freud
of tho lSth cenfulyr only get rid of ignorbrilliantly documents the intricacies of the
internal protections against too much aw¿ue- . ance and utopia will come into being under
ness In othrt *oràr rãpression is not some',;; ratio¡al man.'Now it is get"rid of patriarchy
and the human condition is transformed to
extemal evil, but a fact generated by the
workings of the human condition. The four goodness
'books the
of
Castaneda sefies de-monstrate The issues ate much more complex than
the extreme dangers and,possibilitles m
this capsule summary. A brief int¡oduötion
human consciousness. Don Juan once says t; these issues is found in eight books, the
that normal people protect.themselvesJrom fÀur books ofthe Castaneda series, The Out"spirits" by'their daily routines, whrch burld i¡¿er Ay Colin Wilson, Towørds a Psychology
up a prot'ective haze.,
.
of Beiig by Abraham Maslow and Life
..
Why primates and many other spectes. Åsa¡nsí Oeatn by Norman O. Brown.
developed dominant-submissive relatlons rs
unknoivn to me, but is probably tied up

with the evolution of separate

sexes

'

for

BLAIR
-ALANyork,
New

NY

December 5, 1974

| Vol. X, No. 41

4. Nuke Developers on the Defensive
Harvey lilosserman
10. The Road to Seoul: An lnterview
with Nicola Geiger / Jan Borry
1

2. Voices of the Middie'East
Poul Mayer

20.

Changes .

r.'
¡

Cover: Sam Lovejoy. Photo by Mark
Diamond.

STAFF
Maris Cakars . Susan Cakars
Chuck Fager' MarY MaYo
Maik Morris ' Susan Pines
Fred Rosen ' Martha Thomases

MOONPOEM

The moon tonight tells me

I will always be lonely ;
because you cannot be with me every moment

of every day, every night. -.
The waiting is torture.
I try to fill my time with things that need doing
but I cannot keep from exBêcting/hopingidreaming
you will float in thru the window.
The moon tonight tells me
I will always be joyful
because you will hug me so tight I can't breathe
& give me a
tl

kiss.

You will smile at me.
You fill my time brim-full.
I can't remember my name. Thinking of you /
I begin to slip out thru the window
to fly with you to the moon.
-Mark Monis

UNINDICTED
CGCONSPIRATORS

'.1

Jan Barry . Lance Belvllle . Jerry Coff n
Lynn€ Coffln . Ann'Davldon Dlana Davles

'

i

Ruth Dsar . Ralph OlGlå. Brian Dohêrty
Soth Foldy,. Jlm Forsst . Leah Frltz . Larry Gara

Nel[ Haworth. Ed Hedemann . Grac€ Hodemann
xarfå ¡ay. Marty J€z€r . Becky Johnson
'Náncy Johnson. Paul Johnson . Alllson Karþel
Cralg Karpal . John Kyper q Ellot Llnzer,
Jackson Mac Low. Davld McReynolds
. Oaúld .I9oIfls r {lm P€ck . Tad Rlchardt
lgal RôodéhkdÉ. Nâncy Ros€n. Ed Sandets
Wendy Schwaftz . Art Waskow. Allan Vou(rg
Beverlv Woodward

Box 547 / Rifton / New York 12471
Telephone: 91 4339-4585
except ior the flrst
two wê€ks ln January, 2nd w€ek ¡n May, last 4
wêoks ln August, and the last wsêk ¡n October
by the wlN Publlshlng Emp¡re wlth the support
of the war ReslsteÍs L€agug. Subscr¡ptlons ar€
ô7.00 p€r y€ar. sqcond class.postag€ at New

wlN ls publlshod weêkly

YorK NY

1OOOI. lnd¡v¡dual wrlters are respon'

slblê for oplnlons o(press€d and accuracy of
facts glven. Sorry-manuscr¡pts cannot be ro'
turned unless accompanled by a s€lf'addross€d
Prht6d ln U.s.A.
stamp€d envolop¿

wtN

3

Nltl(tl DllUlll,l)lDlllt$ ON THD DlIl¡ltrNStUt)

..,:,,.'

,.,

Sam Lovelgy i5 cross-examined by Asst. Atty. John F. Murphy
as Juclge Kent smith listens. Drawing by Ch¡co Gårvin.

HARVEYWASSERMAN

*ü

For the crusade against nuclear power, the case of "
Montague, Massachusetts has been a confrontation
por excellonce,
Northeast Utilitles'Company, which supplies much
óf New England's electricity, threw down the gauntlet

last December 28, when if announced plans for a
$1.52-billion twin nuke io be built in Montague and
to generäte 2300 megawatts. The proiect is the biggest of its kind proposed anywhere.
NU chose its site c¿refully. Montague is 90.miles
'west
of Boston and 180 miles north of New York
City. lt sits on the Connecticut River and possib.ly on
an underground lake, which would provide ample
cooling water. ln urban termd the immediate area is
sparsely populated. The actual site of the plant, the
Montague Plains, is a sandy stretch of .scrub pine, impossible to farm and marginally inhabited.
But most important for NU, the townspeople
æemed ripe for a plant. High taxes and high unem'.
ploymenllooked iike a guarantee that the local
populace
would wglcome the project with open arms' Most did.
But there wæ a vocal, determined oppe
sition, much of it fl'om the five or six communes in
the Montague Center precinct.
The nuðlear opponents began passing literature
and playing pran'ks in the latesixties tradition' even

Haruey IUassermon is a member of NOPE. He.il the
authór ofThe Hìstory of the United States. (Horper
Colophon Books, 1972),
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forming an organization called Nuclear Objectors for
a Pure Environment (NOPI),
' Then, on.Washington's Birthdäy, Samuel H. Love'
ioy toppled NU's 500-foot weather tower, which had
been monitorirtg the wind at the proposed plant site
(see WlN, 6127174). Lovejoy turned himself in with a
jhtement protesting the dangers of nqclear power,
and the anti-nuke movement had escalated a giant
steP.

The tower-toppling got national publicity, but its
most important effect was on the immediate area,
where "nuke" suddenly became a household word.
By early spring an area-wide organization caJled the
Alternate Energy Coalition (AEC) began a successful
campaign to put a dual referendum on.the st+fe Sen'
ate district ballo! a district roughly corresponding to
the Radiation Hazard Zone (RHZ)of the propósed
plant.
The first proposition askéd that the state Senator
be directed to op,pose the Montague plant. The second
asked that he be directed to "sponsor and support a
resolution aimed at closing and dismant[ing" two ac'
tive nuclear plants at Rowe, Mass., and Vernon, Vermont,
By the end of the summer more than 3800rsignatures had been gathered and the two questions were

on the balloL
The Trial of the Tqwer Toppler

ln early September all eyes turned to the Franklin
County Superior Court in Greenfield. Lovejoy wanted
nis triál to'bru publir forrm on nuclear pÑór, and it
proved to be just that, from the opening "Hear-ye!"

to the closing "Not

Guilty!"

'

At two pre-trial hearings, Judge Kent Smith
to believe lévejoy intended to defend himself.

.
'

.

refused
Con-

fronied witft a five-year felony charge, Lovejoy told
the Judge he considered the toppling of the towerand the tri:il;a political event, and that his defending
himself was inseparable from the politics of the act.,
Smith, known as the mostJiberal iudge on the
Massachusetts circuiq conceded Lovejoy's right to
act without counsel büt practically pleaded with him
not to do iL Lovejoy held fast but agreed to use a
lawyer when it came time to take the stand himself.
Under Mass. law, Lovejoy would have had to ask himself questions and then answer them.

tn pre¡rial motions Lovejoy asked for subpoena
Dowers for anv and all NU. state or prosecution files
bn himself, oth'er nuclpåi óbjectors, and on the health
and safety of nuclear power plants.
Smith denie.4.llie requests, but did grant Lovejoy'q
"motión to vierii,'ìvühich nÈanttþat..ês soon as the
juiy was choeen it would be bused (ät Lovejoy's expense) to the site of the tower.
The actual trial began September 17, which was
both Constitution Day and the first day of Rosh
Hashannah. The visitors' gallery filled with about 125
freaks dressing up (more or less-Judge Smithfs dress
regulations were lax) for the first time in yeàrs. Those
olJewish ancestry could on.ly wonder at the similar'ity between the court sessions and Synagague of thè
pre-barmitzvah
era.
'

Filling the visitors' gallery was easier than filling
the jury box. Nearly a quarter of the pool proved to
have strong connections to the power company, being
either employees, relatives of employees or stock'
holders. Others had already formed an opinion. By
the end of the first day only '1.2iurors had been chosen
WIN 5

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and the 45-person pool was exhausted. Judge Smith
wanted two alternates, so the following morning High
SheriffChester Martin was ordered into "the highways and byways" to collar more iurors. By 1:00 pm
' Loveloy had used his last preemptory challenge, and
the ¡ury was completed.
After lunch Smith, Lovejoy and prosecutor John
Murphy piled into Smith's huge Buick, the 14 jurors
and the court attendants took seats on a public bus,
and, followed by a caravan of spectators, all went to
view the tower.
NU had flown in a replacement from Texas and
erected it within two weeks after Lovejoy toppled
the original, so all was pretty much as it had been
February 22-with some notable exceptions.
For one thing, NU had installed eight-foot storm
fences,topped with tweway barbed wire to protect
the turnbuckle stations. Signs warned would-be
'topplers that the ground was equipped with an underground alarm system, while the turnbuckles themselves.were sheathed in quarter-inch steel.

Both Lovejoy and prosecutor Murphy took pains
to explain that all this paranoia was not present at the
time of the deed.
The sun shone brightly, the sky was deep blue, and
everybody seemed to enjoy being out on an idyllic
New England fall day. The only note of discord entered when Lovejoy attempted to describe the fragile
ecology of the Montague Plains. The prosecution objected and was sustained.

With Malice Toward None
Back in court, Prosecutor Murphy presented an excruciatingly dull case. With testimony from three NU
officials and three Montague police officers, Murphy
established beyond a doubt that the tower had been
toppled, that it was worth $42,500, and that Lovejoy
did it. The boredom was shattered only by a dramatic
reading of Lovejoy's statement by Officer Donald
Cade, who was on duty when Lovejoy turned himself

'tt

in.

.

Loveloy, however, had some fireworks ready. The
charge was "willful and malicious destruction of personal property," and the core of his defense was that
the act was anything but malicious, that in fact it
was motivated by none but the highest motives-the
defense of the community.
To prove his case, Lovejoy summoned Dr. John
Gofman, a world-renowned physicist, a discoverer of
Uraniu¡n 233, and a bitter foe of nuclear power plants.
Lovejoy asked him to tell the jury his name, address and occupation, which he did. Lovejoy then
asked Gofman to define "nuclide," whereupon Murphy stood up to object and Smith ordered the jury
out of the room.
Smith asked Lovejoy to demonstrate the relevance
of Gofman's testimony. Lovejoy responded that
maliciousness had not been proved by the Common-

wealth, and that he intended to show his motives.
Gofman was the ablest person he could find to explain the dangers of nuclear power.
Smith responded that only testimony relating to
Lovejoy's actual state of mind at the time of the
deed would be admissible. Had he talked to Gofman
before February 22?
No,. your Honor, but I read his book (Poisoned
Powe r)," Lovejoy responded.
"But did you talk with him?"
6 WIN

"Your Honor, I believe as sure

as

l'm standing

here

that when you read someone's book, you talk to
them. I believe I talked to George Washington, and
the signers of the Constitution and Henry David
Thoreau. Don't you tqlk to OIiver Wendell Holmes
when you read it¡s books?"
Smith was impressed, but not swayed. He called a
short recess and returned with a unique and somewhat
bizarre ruling. Gofman could testify to the record, but
not to the jury. lf Lovejoy were fôund guilty, the
case would go to the State Supreme Judicial Court
before sentencing to determine the validity of the
testimony.
So, while the jury played pinochle in a back room,
Gofman delivered a scathing indictment of the nuclear
power industry. With Lovejoy questioning he told the
court he had worked on the Manhattan project and
with Glenn Seaborg a founder of the Atomic Energy
Commission. That organization's lax standards on lowlevel radiation, he said were a "license to commit murder." As many as 32,000 additional cases of cancer,
leukemia and birth defects would result if nuclear
development continued under such standards.
A plant melt-down, he continued, could destroy
hundreds of thousands of lives and do billions of dollars worth of damage. A land-area the size of Pennsylvania would be made uninhabitable for centuries.
Nuclear proponents had issued statements saying the
chances of a melt-down were miniscule,Gofman said,
but that begged the question: "l find when we're talk-

ing about a mass of 100 tons of material at 5000
degress Fahrenheit with water around there, with
hydrogen being generated, burning explosively, melting through concrete into soil, when somebody tells
me that'we're sure it isn't going to go far away' I look
at them as a chemist and I say l've heard various forms

column saying that Gofman's testimony had,.con'
vinced him to rethink his stand on nuclear power.
Lovejoy followed Gofman with radical historian
Howard'Zinn, añ expert on civil disobedience and an
honored veteran of antiwar and anti-draft cases, in'
cluding the Camden 28. He gave his credentials to the
jury.,Lovejoy then asked him if he'thought th$tower'
toppling statement was malicious, "No," blur-ted Zinn
inådnuJusly. Prosecutor Murphy leapt to his fee! and
a

the ¡ury þegan gathering thei'r

wraps.

didn't demand strict nonvioibnce ahd ac'
ceptance of lawful punishment.

otró¿ieãce

Zinn replied that destruction of property was not
violent when life was,at stake. "Violence," he said,
"has to do with human beings, not property."
Zinn pointed out that Lovejoy had turned himself
in, while many civil disobedients disappear rather
than stand trial.
Smith, who looked and acted more like Spencer
Tracy every day, seemed much taken by Zinn, and '
consta¡tly interrupted him with questions. {Sooa
third oî what Howard said was in the form of conversation with the Judge. At one point Smith asked leave
for a private conversation with the witness, and leaned
over to talk quietly. Zinn said later the Judge had asked
to meet him for dinner sometime.
The new tower at Montague Plains' Photo Mark Diamond'

of insanity, but hardly this form."
"I don't really know whether the chance is 1 in 10,
or 1 in_1 00, or 1 in 10,000 I just ask_myself in vigw
of the fact that we have so much easier waysto
generate enerqy needs, why do

it this way?".

Loveioy Takes The Stand

Finally Lovejoy took the stand'himself. The iury of
nine women and five men, finally free from their backroþm confinement, were all ears. Attorney Tom Lesser
:
d¡d the questioning.
Lovej'oy began 6y talking about growing up as an'
army brat, then, after his father was killed, living on a
farm near Springfield. There, he said, an old Yankee
farmer taught him to respect the balance of nature.
ln high school he stud¡ed rnath and physics but
dropped out of Amherst College to work at the
Springfield Armory where, among other things, he
ñelpeA design sighting equipment for grenade launchers'used in Vietñam.
Returning to Amherst he graduated in political
science, theñ moved to the Montague commune.
Flis n¡ind was blown about the nukes on â quick
trip to Seattle to retrieve his girlfriend. There he read
in iocal papers of a massive leak of radioactive wastes '
from a stoiage tank at Hanford, in eastern Washington
state. More than 100,000 gallons had escaped from
holding tanks into the ground. The incident had been
hidden by the AEC and Atlantic-Richfield until some
investigative reporters found out about_it'
When !þe.sþry,was printed the AEC had a comeback. A comþuter printou! they'said, showed that
the liouid wouldn't reach the Columbia River (thus
destroying it) until the year AD 2700. Until then
they said, everything would be groovy.
That, said Lovejoy, was it. For six months he read
everything he could get his hands on about the nukes,
finaliy settling on Gofman and Tamplin's Poisoned
Power as the basic Bible. The more he read, Loveioy
told the jury, the more he was convinced nuclear
power plants were "the most horrendous developrñent

Returning to Montague he.saw the tower'for the
first timè, and knew it would-have to go down. He
wasn't sure he'd be the.one to do it, he said, but the
tower definitely had'to go.
Lovejoy talked,for six hours about his life and con:
version to sabotadg withqut objection from the prose

several thousand."

Gofman said plutonium has a half-life of 24,OOO
years and must be guarded "99.9999% perfectly in
peace and war, with human error and human malice,
guerilla activities, psychotics, malfunction of equipment. . .Do you believe there's anything you'd like to
guarantee will be done 99.9999% perfectly for
1 00,000 years?
Gofman capped his testimony with a conspiracy
charge; "Some awfully big interests invested in uranium and the future of atomic power," he said, "and un-

"we've got to recover our investment, no matter what the cost to the public."'
The scholarly, bdarded Gofmän cut a striking
figure on the stand, and his testimony.was devastating. A reporter for the Greenfreld Recorder later wrote

mental engineer" who testified that NU had sold him
the wreckéd tower for $250, and that he had made it
into three windmills.

our community has ever faced."
And the more he looked into legal recourse' the
more the AEC seemed like "a kangaroo court...a
panel that acts as promoter and regulator, judge, jury
and thief all rolled into one."

The brunt of Gofmanfs attack centered on plutonium, in which he did much pioneer research. Gofman told the court that, in the Atomic Energy Commission's phrase, plutonium is "the most fiendishly
toxic substance ever knovr'n." Three tablespoons, he
said, could cause 9 billion human cancers.
But each nuclear plant creates thousands of pounds
of waste plutonium, and there's no way to store it.
"The proliferation of nuclear power carries with'it the
obligation to guard the radioactive garbage. . .not only
for our generation but for the next thousand or

fortunately their view

r,

Smith then letZinn testify as Gofman had, with'
out the jury. Under questioning from Ldvejoy, Zinn
told the court that the tower toppling was in the best
tradition of Gandhi, Thoreau and'the abolitionists, including (of course) Elijah P. Lovejoy, Sam's di3tant
cousin-who was hung by a pro-slave mob in soqthern
lllinois.
Judge Smith interrupted to ask if true civil. dis-

When Zinn finished, Lovejoy called a few character
witnesses, as well as one Bruce Olmstead, an "environ'

:ì

is

:l

i:

.!;

cqtión. The last hour rivaf ah"inænsaly emotional nar'. ."
ration of hivfinal decision to topple the tower, how
he acted not out of malice "but because I had fallen
in love w¡th a little four-year'old girl named Sequoyah.
I asked myself, who am I to do this thing,'to táke on
the role of judge. But then I thought about this little
girl who couldn't defend herself, and I knew I had to
acL"
After the trial a number of jurors said they were
;'deeply
moved by Loveioy's testimony. A poll indi'
cated a hung iury, probably 8-4 or 9'3 in Lovejoy's'
favor. Much would have depended on Judge Smith's
directions, which probably would have been favorable
on the malice question.
But it never got that far. There was another aspect
to the indictment, and it read ". . .destruction of perwtN

7

.î.

lv. its capital reserves have dwindled, and it has been
to6¡ying hard in Connecticut and Massachusëtts for
substantial rate hi kes.

' ln light of inflation (among other things) company
officialswere apparently beginning to hpve doubts
about a capital investment of $'l.5ibillion, only a third
of which they seemed to have on hand. ln {ugust '
NU President Lelan Sillan had adniitted "the company must raise $1 billiõn to build the. Montague
;lant. and when $1 billion is needed, and when inierest rates are as high as they are, we have to look
seriously at the situation."
For nuclear opponents the delay looks like a big
step down the road to cancellationr Given the rate of
inflation, éven one year's delay should put theiplant
cost up to $2 billion. Within the past year at least 30
projected nuclear plants have been called off or canôelled because of the money squeeze, and there seems
no reason why Montague should be áiîæxception.
Furthermore, an eitra year to organize oppôsition
is a great gift. Despite all its problems, N U has taken
great pains to make clear that the project has n.ot
6een cancelled and that political opposition will make
"no difference" in its plans. NU Vice-President for PR
Charles Bragg told the Greenfield Recorder at the very
outset that local opposition "wouldn't affect us. We
would have to go ahead with it even if there was a
protest movement mounted by the citizens of the

Í{fIt¡ü{ T ül|tc

*

ate?."

Through all the political debate on the plânts, NU
diff.dent stance, occasionally
opposition
"errors," but generalIy main'
"correcting"
taining the posture of an interested but distant Godhas taken a somewhat

f¿ther.
Sometimes, however, the veneer cracks. When
chällenged by Alternate Energy- Coalition organizer
'Fran Kóster to
iustify advertisilf exþenses, the company responded with notable bitterness;
,

t

Plckles put up by members of the commune Saiî Loveioy ls part of, Photo Mark D¡amond.

sorial property." Under Massachusetts law, destroying
personal property is a five-year felonV; destroying real
property is a six-month misdemeanor.
Smith expressed doubt all along that the tower
could pass as personal property. lt was worth 942,500,
nobody doubted that. But when Lovejoy produced
two Montague tax officíals who testified the tower had
been assessed as real property, and when Murphy
called an NU official who affrmed under cross-examination that the tax had been paid as real property, everybody knew it was all over.
So after lunch on Yom Kippur eve, Smith convened
court, again withoút the jury, ãnd anÁounced his decision. He was going to void the charge bÉcause he
"could not in good conscience ask a jury to deliberate
on an indictment wíth a hole in iL"
Lovejoy practically begged him not to do it. Hè
had meant the trial to test the issue of nuclear power,
and he wanted his guilt or innocence to be determined
on that issue, by the jury and "the people of Franklin
,

County,"

Smith replied with a lecture on the law. ,'Justice is
justice is justice is justice," he concluded,
Then he called in the jury, ordered them to stand
an{ render a verdict of "Not Guilty," and then dismissed'the courl The crowd was as stunned as the
jurors were relieved.

A Corporate Melt down?
The Lovejoy trial had an immense impact on the surrounding community. lt was vastly followed through8 WIN

out the Connecticut River Valley. Everyone had an
opiníon. There's no doubting the impact woul{ haþ
been far greäter had Lovejoy been acquitted by the
jury instead of the Judge, but even so the trial.hammered into the mind of the Connecticut Valley the
twin issues of civil disobedience and nuclear power.
And new developments were not long in coming.'
Three days before Lovejoy's acquittal the Atomic

Energy Commission ordered 2'l of America's 50 active nuclear plants shut for an emergency safety check.
A reactor in lllinois þad sprung a leak in a cooling
pípe, and a check of a similar reactor showed a
similar crack. The other 19 reactors of that type-all
made by GE-were ordered to close within 60 days.

It

was the largest multiple shut-down in the history

of

atomic power.
That same day, Carl Hocevar, a leading computer
analyst at an ldaho company doing testing on reactor
safety, quit his position in protest. The tiue dangers
of nuclear power were being covered up, he said, and
he wanted to be free to tell the truth. He has since
joined the Union of Concerned Scientists in Cambridge, Mæs., a group.sf dissident physicists lobbying
for better nuclear safety and a halt to consiruction of
new plants.
One day after Lovejoy's acquittal, Northeast Utìlities announced that the Montague project would be
postponed for at least one year. The reason: money.
NU is generally considered one of America's most
properous utilities, but lately it has been making
rumblíngs of insolvency. lts stock has fallen drastical-

j
I
I
l

i

'

Ánd fairly'soon the company will be forced to deal
openly with-the growing opposi.tion. The Jryo referen'
dum questions came to a vote Nov' 5, qnd the results
gave a giant shot in the arm to the anti'nuke move'
menL
The first question, concerning the Montague plant,
was defeated, but by a slim 52'5-47.5% margin. Nearlv Z¡,OOO of roughly 48,000 voters in the Fianklin-

Éamþshire-Hampden County district regi¡tered'clear
opposition to the project, despite the fact that a substantial percentage live more than 20.miles f¡om the
site and had very little exposure to the issue' No candidate running for any public office in the District had
openly supported the referendum.
Small wonder the press and polls expressed-shock
at the size of the vote. A pronuke columnist for the
Recorder conceded on page 1 that support for the
plant
apparently "melting away.'.' . .- .
' Thewas
best indicator was Montague itself' Last spring
a town referendum showed the town favoring the
olant by nearly 3:1. This time the ratio wasrsubstantial'
iy less than 2:1. The 770 anti-nuke votes in the spring
lrad swollen to 1091 , an increase of 4O%, and for the
first time the nenukes carried a majority h the Mon'
tague Center precinct, which includes the site of the

planL
The dismantling proposition also failed to get a.
maiority, but also gave a boost to the movement.
goin candidates for ôtate Senator and most of the
press termed the question "not serious" and portrayed

as an irresponsible joke at public expense. Nobody
expected it io carry more thån 2O% of the vote,25%
at the very outside.

it

But 15,313 people-330/o-actually voted to cart

away two áctive nukes worth approximately $1 billion. Wendell, on Montague's northeast border, bê'
came the first town in American history tci vote for
a crushing 98;68.

.dismantling-by

No Nukes is Good

Nukes ^ "

ío far tne western

Mass.

*ìtf' ¿toti

.

anti'nuke movement

.r

.

has met

nothing but high votes. There is still lofs
as large parts of the district have not

of running roóm,

vet been reached. Organizers claimed a direct correlaiion between the änti'nuke vote and areas canvassed,
and overall it seems that the basic problem is reaching
people and informing them of what is going on. Con'
vincing them has been easY.
" With notable exceptions-thé most crucial of which
are the unions tied to the construction industry. The
unions argue that nuclear power is not dangerous, and.
that the p[ants in Montague and elsewhere are essential
to-:keeping their trades alive. Based in Nolthampton, .
the trade workers provided the only organ ized opposition that did anv canvassing and leafletting agqinst the

I

referenda.
Thus far the anti'nuke movement has not been able
to counter the union contention that major construction like the plant is necessary for jobs in the immedi'
ate future. There are an abundance of futuristic pro'
grams for the development of natuial energy on a na'
iional scale,'öur nbthing concrete tò provide wages
, next year,
This is hardly a problem unique to the nuclear
power issue. We faced it on Vietnam and face it now
all across the ecology frontier. lt doesn't seem the

solution will be easy.
' Nor is it likely NU and the other power companies
will roll over and play dead to their financial problems.
Whatever the new Congress may be like, the Ford Ad.'
ministration remains deeply committed to nucleaf power, and it seems highly likely that some sort of effort will be made in the near future to provide sub'
sidies of mammoth proportions to the nuclear indus-

try. Forewarned

is forearmed.

ln the meantime, the western

Mass.

AEC (now the

was recently abolished to
ru'k" way for a more "responsible" regulatbry agency)
has plans to build a network'of town'based organizations. Hoþeftrlly there'will be referenda throughout

only AEC-Dixy Lee Ray's

the district dt reþular town elections this coming

spring

';.

GÑen the'dlrrrent'.tr9.4d., i!.lQerys almost a foregone
oonclusion that.a substanTiå'i rttãjohty of the surround.
ing area will be publicly opposed to the Montague
plãnt by the time construction is scheduled to starE

í/

now sometimeinl976.
lf NU gets the money and persists in their plans,
the first chapter in the struggle for the Montague
Plains will be a lot wilder than the first.

'Oonfncf

Sam Lovéjoy Defenæ Fund; Janice Frey, chairryoman,

Box269, Moñtagug Mass.01351.

.

NOPE; Box 3Q Monhgue,. Mass 01351.
Altçrnatc Energy C¡nference (AEC); Box 269, Mon'
tague, Mass.01351.
wrN

9

fi
I

T*

I ask about Kim Chi fla, noting that his la¡,vyer also was imprisoned. (The lawyer, Yale-trained Kang
Shin O( compared the secret trials to those held by
Nazi Germany.'He got ten years. Kim and a number
of students were judged guilty un{er the famous
April 3 decree that forbade all forms of dissent on
pain of death penalties.)
' ,t'

I

The Rond To Seoul
AN INTERVIEW WITH NICOLA GEIGER
il

JAN BARRY

ti

lf

the

19501s were the decode

of silence ond the
1960's the decade of struggle, surely thÌs threshotd of
'1970's
the
is the edge of promise, . .You cot¡ld chonge
the signatures and tronspose the messaoes of the
mgnks ìn the Saigon jai\sJ, the Ponthlers ìn the jatls
of the country they cdll Amerika, the exiles from
RussÌa, the frghters for freedom in Greece, the l,l/eother.rnen, Bernodette Devlin, the lrish flame, speoks for alt;
"Dore to struggle, dare to win!"

-Harrison Salisbury, The Eloquence of pqotest
Meeting Nicola Geiger the first time-instant zen

flign!¡ Hei way is like water. My recurring, incurable Yankee way of ice and fire melted, sea-washed.
Though exhausted fronq a harried speaúing schedule,
her energy filled and refilled the room, indled swirled
with cigarette smoke into the outer reaches of her
hosts' Greenwich Village apartment.
Our common intense interest was-is-Kim Chi Ha,
south Korea's young life-imprisoned poet. Thru the
American irony that distinguishes New World karma,
she had just returned from speaking in New paltz, a
double hayfork throw from the WIN farm; while I
had persifed blindly setting up this interview from
Brooklyn (1 hundred miles downstream).
"Nicola Geiger plays a unique role in the community of people seeking peace and justice in Japan
and Korea. . .perhaps the chief unofficial link between
the south Korean 'opposition' movement and sympathetic groups and individuals both,in Japan and-thè
US," an anonymous friend wrote, in a xeroxed letter
given me later in the evening by Chuck Esser of philadelphia New Life Center.
'1She is widely known and respected for the boldness and fearlessness of her efforts. . .and for the
depth of her psychological and spiritual understanding wlich imparts to her political activity a rare quality of warmth and humanness. Without desrees or
.titles, she commands recognition by ttrb unmistakable
authenticity and integrity of her person. . .She is
known above all for her great heart, Most of those
who meet her find their own powers of sympathy enlarged. Few fail to be renewed in hope and courage.',
Nicola is indeed a large-hearted friend, a Quakér.
She is 54. Born in Weimar republic Germany. Biought
up in the Hitler Youth, but also by a father who
ranted about those who ranted about ,,Die Gelbe
Gefahr," The Yellow Peril. He taught her Buddhism.
She had golden visions of American democracy; ,,but
when I came here to live in 1951, I discovered-of

th

cou^rse it is.only a republic." The past seven years,
she's lived in Japan, most that time as director of
Friends World College East Asia Center in Hiroshima

and Kyoto.
Sh.e

l

ì-

Nicola: "Yes, and that'other felloû, the former' president for a little time [1960-611 . . .yún Po Sun'! Madness. Charging him. . .Ja, and he said, an old man,
'l'd do it again.' House arrest. You know what Kim
Chi Ha said, when they-sentenced him to death: it's
there in the little brochure. . ." - ,

Korean slave labor and hundreds of thousands of
draftees in the war with America. Park [Chung Hee]
in the Japanese imperial army. . .Vei. Rn¿
Jvas a Lt-.
in the '1950-5.1 fighting the US recruited many of
those Japanese soldiers again as guide's.,'

Excerpts from Kim Chi Há's statement befortiimili'
tary tribunal which sentenced him to death: ..
'¡The only way to save our people is tô bridg down
the dictatorship of the present gover¡9rent. The
students are our only hope. . .l may häve violafed the

With amazed outrage, she tells the history of
Japanese colonialism (back to 1874), American com.plicity, then of "American satellitesi' launched be- '
hind the facade of "democratic" dictatorships installed in the south by Syngman Rhee and Pärk
Chung Hee. Rhee was overthrown by a student revolt
in April 1960. ln 1961 Parkcame in on a military
coup. Under US pressure in 1963, he allowed himself
to be "elected" president. ln 197'l his opponent
(Kim Dae )ong) got 460/o of the vote despite blatant
rigging on a platforin of reunification with the north.
A year later Park declared martial law, closed the
universities, and began the process of changing the
constitution that by spring 1973 left him total power.
To prove iq he had Kim Dae Jong kidnapped from
his Tokyo hotel room.
Nicola: "Park is a great admirer, a student of Hitler.
He is very cleverly locking up all the opposition and
religious leadership. . .Bishop Tj¡, 15 years hard labor;
Rev. Park (a protestant minister with the labor mis-

sion), the same; Chang Chun Ha, a former congressman and editor who began a drive to'collect a million
signatures in petition .to change the constitution back
at the end of 1973-that brought on the January 8
decree this year Imaking it a crime, puniihablebyfrp
to 15 years in prison, to call for restoration of thê oid

'

National Security' Law (prohibiting Communist sub'
version). . .Demonstrations are only part of the student movement. Thç- discussion and projection of
one's ideas are also part. . .Standing up despite one's
chains is a form of resistance. . .l wrote the poein
"Five Bandits". . .The corrupt government officials
whom I criticized in "Five Bandits" are being pun'
ished. This result should rightly þe attributed to my
literary work. . ." (Stotement cut otr by the presiding
iudse)
Nicola: "He is dying you know. . .they are cutting
off his TB medicine in prison. Before, they cut out
one lung. They are trying to kill him this way. . .Kim
Chi Ha is a very dear friend. Thatis why I'm here,
. speaking all arouhd the place: to save him, if I can. lt
is only international pressure that has saved him from
.. .execution so far' 30,000 si8natures we collected on
the statement that got his death sentence commuted
to life. . .Now we need an American committee. To
get l(im and ùhe others out of prison. To get Congress

to cut offfunds for Park. . ."

constitution]."

I suggest cooperation and coordinallon with other
"Americãn sateiIite" freedom committees-PhiIippines,
lndochina, Chile¡ Palestine-here with essentially th'e
same aims. We compare note5, pQople to contact, organizing tactics among the four oflus in the room.
Nicola has brochures for a collection of"Kim Chi

Nicola Ge¡ger.

Klm chi Há.

of support. Funds are quickly needed. Nicola herself
i5 being supported only by what she can raise on her
speaking tgufpnid a small'subsidy from the Korean
resistance movement in Japan. To cut expenses, she
is qraveling by bus.
The urgency of what Nicola Geiger has to say is
icily summed up by one incident she relates: At the
University of Hawaii, where she spoke on the way
east to New York, none of the sizeable comr¡unity of
Korean students and professors showed'up (for fear

of action by the KoreanrGlA); but rather phoned her

'one by one'late at night to thank her for speaking out
on a horror they have been silenced on.
Before she left Japan, Americans-including five
court-martialed marines at lwakuni and other GlsJapanese and Koreans had already united in rallies
and demonstrations and petition drives: the Japanese
Left united on a single issue for the first time in years.
Nicola's^speaking schedule to date: Dec. 1-2, St.
Louis; 3-5 Denver;6-8, Seattle (contact AFSC);9-12,
Portland, Eugene (AF$C); 12-1 6, San Francisco,
Santa Cruz (AFSC);Jan. 1-5, Arizona, N.M.;9-26,
N.C., S.C., Georgla; Virginia (contact High. Poinf
N.C. AFSC).,.i.,ì,'..ç. .
d..:;.. :..-

Ha's poetry, Cry ofthe People and other t'oems, about
to be published this month-which'she helped edit
and set up in Japan and wrote the introducfion to before coming tô the States in September' lt has all the
póems that have gotten Kim into such thicktrouble
over the years: "Five Baàdits," "Groundlesi'Rumors,"
"The Road to Seoirl," available for the first time to
Americans.

Nicola: "Yes, you two would be greattfriends; . 'io,
may I read frôm youi poem ['Thè Power of the Press,'
WlN, 8/1/74] about Kim when I speak? Wl1en I saw
- him last year in Korea we talked about many of these
things now you and I have been talking about. ' .He is
a revolutionary. The Cry of the People iq the cry of
the Korean PeoPle. . ."

i¡ now on an indefinite Speaking (and slide-

showing) tour of the US to brinþ us onl'clear and
verysímple message: a horrible injustice is coming
to clímax in Seoul, south Korea, that a generatioñ of
American taxpayers have paid for-if not bought.
10 wrN

Nicòla: "Do you know in 1 945 the US military retained Japanese police and army units intact for occuþation of Korea? The same ones who had used

a

.

Until the books arrive (from Autumn Press, set up
by an American in Japan), she has only the statement
of the international committee to support Kim Chi
Ha-on the book brochure-to distribute' She would
like Americans to sign it; and those who can to çontact her to help form an active American committee

I

,',

J1

A.short bibliography:

Bong-Yuon Choy, Korea: A Hìstgry (Tuttle, 1971)
Kim & Kim, Korea and the Pol¡t¡cs of lmpeiiolism
1 87G't 910 (UC Press: Berkeley)
l.F. Stone, Hidden History of the Koreitn l'lor
(Monthly Rev.)
Kim Byong-Sik, Modern Korea (lnt. Pub., 1970)
.Gabriel Kolko, Roots of American Foreign Policy,

'

(1969)

.

,

For additio¡al information contact:
Nicola Geiger
c/o Chuck Esser
254 S. Farragut St.
Ph iladelphia, Pa. 191 39

(21s)GRGo44s
WIN

11

VOICEç OÉ HE MIDDL€ ENçT

I

L

1

I

I.

t
l

l'

his own, free to hold up hís head and decide his or ,
her own destiny. ln the course of our trip I came to
appreciate how similarlúhe Palestinian dreams for a

PAUL MAYER

homeland were.
' A young man on the airport bus to Tel Aviv l
sounded the somber note which we were to hear
again and again as a result of the Yom Kippur war and
recent terrorist attacks. He hoped for a less rigid

When Dan Berrigan and I first,d ecided to undertake
a trip to the Middle East. we had no idea how prophetic the words of L,e Monde correspondent Eric
Rouleau would prove to b'e. When he heard of our
plans Rouleau, an Egyptian Jew and a highly re:
spected expert on Mideastern affairs, commented

simply, "What in the name of God do you want to
go to that awful part of the world for?,'
ln facf it ls still hard to believe that an area so
rich in history and.so indescribably beautiful and
fascinating should also be the arena of a conflict that
is as bloody as it is apparently insoluble. During our
travels.through lsrael, Lebanon, Syria and Egypt we
met with intellectuals, opinion makers, paleitìnian
leaders and refugees. ln general we tended to seek out
points of view that were not readily ayailable back
home. lt was these voices and their hopeiihatgave
shape to our journey.
it was an éerie ieel¡ng during a stopover in paris,
.in transit
to lsrael, to be walking alon! one of thosô
typically charming narrow parisian strêets and to find
ourselves suddenly standing in front of an old house
w.ith a plaque whose inscriþtion read: ,,ln memory of
Theodore Herzl who wroteThe Jewish State here'in
1890:" Mixed emotions welled úp within me, for I
had been brough! up in a Zionist'home. My father,
who along with Martin Buber, belonged to'the r,Biau
tVeils" group in Frankfur! had instille{. i¡.us a longing for a Jewish homeland, especially fòfróne that
would be a refuge for the victims of the Nazi holo,

\

.

caust. And nów that passionate dream oiTheodore
Herzl had in some strange and perverse .way become
the locus of a nightmare for the peoples olthe Middle East-Jews and Arabs alike. _
Upon ariving in Tel Aviv, oneìC immediately
struck þy the tense atmosphere, the tight securiiy,
and the abundance of young men carrying autoniátic
weapons. Lod airport had been the scene õf a terrorist attack not too long bófore, and a number of puerto
Rican pilgrims ha'd been killed. This was the land of
milk and honey of my childhood dreams. All the
same, I was excited at the prospect,of being in a
country in which a Jew could really be in a plàce of

I
I

Father Pqul Moyer teoches at NY Theologicot Seminary ond has long been active in the nonviolent peoce
movement in the Cotholic Lefr. He vistted th.e Middle
East with Don Berrigan in Møy 1g74. This article apn-9ar9d i.n a different form in New World Outlook, ä

I

,

i

Method ist pu bl i cqtio n.

I
I

government. "Golda is a stone, unfeelingandãften
unthinking." Mpderation is ¡yhat was neãded. lt was
a strange experience to discôier that it was far easier
to raise controversial.questions here in lsrael than back
home in the States.
My cousins Noemi and Elieser, boih physicians,
with wh_om we spent our first night near Tól Aviv,'
spoke of the terrible tragedy of the October war.
Pra.ctically no_ole was left untouched, either directly
or by virtue of friendship or acquaintance. The 3,00b
young lsraelis who died would have been the equivalgn! o{ 200,000 deaths in a simitar war invotvin! the
United States, and all'iriã matter of 23 days. Now
they had some hopes in the Egyptians, feared the
Syrians and seemed.perplexed over a solution to the
refugee question.
gut the shock of the war went even deeper tlfan {
this feeling of depression, almost to the point of a
national identity crisis, According to Simha Flapperi,
the soft-lpoken, thoughful editor of New Outlo'ok, ín
lsraeli pehce publication: ,'Paradoiically the Arabi
are moving from an overdqse of imagination and
romanticism to a more soÈèr and realistic appraisal.
lsrael after the shoçk of the victory of the Six-Day
war in 1967 lost all sense of realism.-lt is very difficult.,
to climb down from the ilh,¡sion that we havé become
an empíre in this region and can dictate our own terms
to the Araþs. After the Yom Kippur war the mæses of
people moved from the euphoria of the Six Day war
to a. terrible depressíon, even speaking of the beginning
of the end of the JeWish state, which is alsó an exag-

geration,

"

The big question for Simha Flappen and other
peace advocates, who are in the minority in lsrael as
they are everywhere in the world, is whether a new
leadership in lsrael will eventually.have the courage
to recognize that "we aie now in a new era and tñat
we now have to give up all the old concepts of líving
by the sword." pen Gurion is still symbolic of the old
militaristic approach, and, according to Flappan, l,Ben
Gurion is dead but Ben Gurionism is alive and well."
Just a year ago, on the anniversary of lsraeli independence, Shimon Peres, the new Minister of Defense,
hl{.un article in the /erusalem Post in which he spoké
of his vision for lsrael in the.year 2000. The boundaries'included the present oóbupíed territories, but

\l

!-

Two
Palestlnlans,
1971.

,i
4

UNWRA/
LNS.

(

',J

y,,, maybe somewhat
the Arabs agree to peacb.,' The vision in-

Peres ad ded parenthetical

smaller

jf

I

cluded lsrael as a majõr powér with an advanced
nuclear technology but made no provision for a true
peace. Even in the year 2000 wars would continue
and lsrael would rule over four millibn Arabs. '¡
The letter home of a yo_ung American now living in
an lsraeli kibbutz reflectedà different vision; "ln my
application for conscientious objector status largue'd
that David, being a man of the sword, couldn't build
the temple of the Lord: that that task had io be left
for Solomon. Similarly t hope that the historical tasks
of my generation and Ben Gurion's can be deliniated.
That our job (and our historic ability) is to bring
about a peace that'wæ made possible but still unachievable by the giants of the previous generation.,'

*i'.

r.:'
r$

It was Flappan's conclusion that a palestinian state
on the West Bank and Gaza',can gnly be a transition

from guerilla activity to the building'of a nation. Be.
fore the Palestinians.have some sta6 responsibility
*ill never uníte, they will never exercise conirol,
!þSV
they will always fight each other and so forth.,'
. pur meeting w¡th Yitzhak Ben Aharon, a respected

LaLior member of the Knesset (t$rael,s parliameÅt)
and the former Secretary-Geneial of Hístradrut (tíre
national trade union), helped to focus these impres.
sions. He reminded me of a friendly bear and in his
blunt way he insisted that without the October war
and its ramifications "the lsraeli.government and a
large sector of the population would not have come
to the conclusion that there is a nation which is
called Palestinian Arabs, and that there is an issue

12 WIN

wlN 13

.

To the.left, Palestln'

ian refúgees on the
West Bank of the
Jordan, 1948. Below'
Palestlnian children
on the west Bankr
1967. Both Photos

for Palestinian

Ääb;.;' R;;;nipori.v statements of the new admin-in
îiätif"'t"v'u.ftã tt''it optimism,.but loT." th-,q"
Is
lsraeli consciousness concerning.the Palestrntans

tilïi;;üi;;pruà., urir''o'eh it is retarded again bv
act of terrorism.
each
"-îhi;;t;íso
the feeling of Arie Eliav, another
of the dovish
L"ü;ñ;;t.t M.p. an¿ a iocal rnernber
as "comingTtom the
himself
âäscriues
ïitï
ri"ãi¡ii,
are by
(lsraeli

t

miäãËåi ihe establishment'"

"doves"

ap
no t"unt pacifists but support a 'ireasonable"
atterrorist
"Eve.ry
seðurity')
and
;;";;h ã ããf.ntt

the children'
[ä:;;;h "t "i rvlã;ät"t not onlv murders
the doves'"
of
hopes
thó
hopes,
b;;;i;; t;t;.rrow
p.eace with
B;;Ë;i;p;inted out ihát "if we make
the
tackled
haven't
will-and
ä;;-;;l ñ;öe*.
P;l;!ú"ü" Àráb proulem, we haven't made.peace
Je.ws
ffi"n;ï;;; ñ.ur,iJ t'" wóunds.'1 For.Eliavofbotl¡
Palestine
.ä"ä Þ"f.iii"ians have a right to the whole
ilä ;';h;;iv tãrut¡ on isiwo viabte'6tates"' with the

of Gaza, the W^est bank' and
form, since 80% of the
some
iñ
lordan,
óopulation-of Jordan is Palestinian'
eite¿ poet and satirical writer in
*h;;;;;iùi;ä tor,ñ.'n, stiangelv elgYc.h' 3.pp.ears
Palestinian on" ,ompo,"d

;;üiü
""'A;;;K;aüiii
.f

israel's

tor.

,oá"tuative tabloid.s'

He told us

or Gånéral Peled's (a leading general

""¿
äl'inî it"ãtt"nce
position that land does not give
il ;h; öiló;î'wirijstate
of peace can do- that' "Betr"riìtv uut ónly
the
óntered
þitture the Palestinians
Þeled
õ;;é;".
'¡îlãtn"J
onlv to the poets and intellectuals' We were
if
; rö"m.i*;liv until ih" Yot Kippu¡ war',But
strategy
security.a,nd
in
ää.í.". *iil'tã background
probl-ems ¡otns
ãná un understanding of existential
#;ö;;t;ou" ritt being a lunatic fringe to bea political Power."
ing
"''duiln

the situasp¡te of these more hopeiful voices
in the ocespeciallv
and
lsrael
in
t¡on-äiÞuiåii¡nians
continues to be a bleak one at best'
åîóãi
end of our trip we qet with¿ Palestin-

;."i6;i;;

Toïards the

after the Ma'a.lot
lh'- d1,v
spoke to' (Altragedy who was typlcal of otÉers we

i;';;;;;ii'tin-Nìutw

14

ää#ffñ;;;i:

witl Áot lead to peace' I did not sleep
r'tärti'íutt Ãigt',t' t was verv anxio-us.about

tnan
tñe soulí of the innocent-believe me-more
kill*t'.tt dêceit h'e blamed the
findthe
part
b.v
in
tit't" iuuttuntiated

ö;rä;i;;ii-(on

í.;1.

; il;õ

I also
ìilËí"rä" iü"ãri'iãmmision of inquirv)'
under tenrãrin"ä our three sons who died' I was
lead
üiïäiitävt. T1'tis is a tragedv for us' This will not
to peace, not at

all.t'

.

.

The uS Embassí was surrounded by 40 armed
militiamen and four tanks to protect C. McMurtrie
Godley, whose arrival as new ambassador"to'Lebañon
had sparked ñaior orotest demrinstrations earlier in
the year. Godleí is'well known for his CIA connebted
role in supervisihe the iecret war in Laos, inclqding. ....
the bombing of tñe Plain of Jars, during his stint there,
as ambassador from 1 969 to 1973. Earlier, in 1964, ;

,

as ambassador

globe. Nor was this theme missing a$ we arrived in
Lebanon. The students of the American University of
Beirut (AUB) were engaged in a strike over the issue
of academic rights and had taken over some campus
buildings. The Lebanese military had smashed iti úay
on to the campus with the help of tanks and many
students had been arrested. Jhe crack of rifle fire
''could be heard throughout the iitlz as activists tried
to demonstrate on behalf of their jailed fellow stu-

political balance between Moslems and Christians

could be tipped by the influx of Palestinian refugees.
l¡ May of '1973 there was an organized campaign by
the- Lebanese government to stamp out the Þalestinian
resistance movement which has its various headquarteÌs
in BeiruL lri,irne^i'efugee câmþ near Beirut we were
shown the spot whe¡e 20 people had died from a
Lebanese ai¡ attack and many more had perished from

,
' ylut seemed to distinguish-and markedly so-camp

life in the oc.cupied territo¡ies of the West Bank from
thaf in the camps in Lebanon. ln the former the al--,
most total, control of the United Nations Relief and
Works Agency (UllRWR), always under the lsraeli
mìJitary government, adds to the humiliatiori of living

:t

of

"ä.it"i,pãtit¿
t.riiarìJñ;;-no

¡y

the material situation seemed a bit more adequate, the
clusters of men sitting along the road prolectéd a feeling of powerJessness and frustration.
The drive fröm 8pir.rÍt through the Lebanese mountains is gorgeous and one sees the snowy slopes of ML
Herman in the {þ.t{nce. lt was diffculr io bélieve that,
artillery duels wëiätãkirrg pìaile.rn rhe orher side. Our
destination was Baalbeck, famous for its magnificent,
almost perfectly preserved Roman ternple dédicated'

ftuerrilla) moylm:nt

ttre otdõr elements' " But we Pales'

Jnoit.Ï't to support each other' I

-

Wehave súffered'much
ä;;õñd their toi¡utt'
;ä;;;i;otitv. rvun the Arabs hate us' not only

lsraelis. We are isolated"'
tñe
""-Hã
iãlã ut of the violation of Palestinian civil
riuËiti.t 6ì ttte military government, especially in
;;;;iT;;Ë. îhe main instrument or
L*
ii ir''. oãi'nte. (Emergencv) Reeula'
;;;;;iió¿l,which the British originallv used
laws are
ågäi"tt lå*itti underground sr9u9s'^Tl9s9(most
Arabs
Jews
aãainst
excluiively
uiilii"¿?tost
ãr tt'.it't*¡"ttence) and provide for
;t"rship, tiivel restri ctions' deportation'
ãåiiir"tion of proptíty, constant police sup-ervision'
and deten'
äãi,i¡iãiiãìi ãi i¡'ãi¡t'p.áä uld Pol::ïio-ns'
[rlal'
or
charges
year
without
tion up to one
five-gr six young men had
Just 40 days ago, it" tãiá,
and a
¡.rí'ãir.str¿ *¡tñoulit'itgäs and both relatives
ger'
Lan
cia
el
i
F
;;ì i: ü;ïn îtraéii civi I i be-ities awver
I

I

í",f

to Bacchus. A local monument of another kind, relatlvely unknown and less interesting in its palestiriian

;¿;;;il
;Ë;öi¿i.;
ä;'t ;;ñ*
;i;;ti;;

.

the inadequate, dole, the cramped quarters, the

limited employment possibilities, and the lack of
national identity. Even ín one damp near Ramla where

#r;T;;¡rri;r. ä"ã JiÉ-pp.inted now' our iournalist
of these
i;'I"il'iä";i;;;¿;pi;'-dd'. He said that manv
certain
of
me.ntalitv
bouigeois
;J;';d;i;ñã i.tít
and are
Ëedaveen

'

sniper fire.
_ Despite these attacks by the Lebanese Army, the
Palestinians won the right to exercise authority over
cominunal life in theirãwn camps. This autonômy is

thê
We told him of our recent meeting with
p"f årii"iån iäááer Navef Hawatmeh in Beiruq -whose
for Ma'alot.Both
-nuo ftu¿ claimed reiponsibility
a Paleítinian slate alonss¡de
ñt;
fä"J'dJ;;ööäiiti""ã"
n"i inttead of) lsrael and his reiection ot terrorläî;;i";ouiãit"ftmn with h¡m ma{e us.all the

;;;;;;iìh;

to the Congo he,was involved in put-

ting down a pro-Lumumbã revolt during the Congolese
independence struggle. So unsavory is his record, parficularly in lndochina..that Congress in a rare move
blocked his nominatión as Assistant Secretary of
State.in 1973. His presenr ke¡l position is hardly re' assuring to those who are skeptical of US intentions
in the Middle Easr.
The relationshiþ between the Lebanese and PalestinianS is not always a happy one, despite the myth
o-f:pan-Arabþm, which is so uncritically ac,cepted in
the West. To begin with, the rather conservative
Maronite Catholic ând Greek Orthodox Christian .,
commuhities are:mortalIy afraid that the delicafê

tinians is to peace in this violenceridden part.of the

deePrY dis-

tä;ä'ì:îhít

;;il;y

of the student bodv.

solved.i' As we drove out of town we passed the ruins
of the house he had described.
With each step of our journey it became increasingly clear to us just how central the enigma of the Pales-

lsrael and in the
most all'the Arabs we interviewed in
erwished to
taped
be
;;;;i;;""s either refused to

H; ñ"bviousrY

dents and in suooort of related causes including the

stStus of the Palèstinians,'who'make up a large sector

mercy. Where is the world public opinion? lt d hear about us. When three þeople are kTtea ttieìÞope,
prime ministers and presidents send cables, But when,
lsraeli planes bomb and kill hundreds of innocent
people in the camps ip Lebanon we don't hear a protest. I don't know, the conscience of the world is dead
when it comes to our side. I don't know how it can be

UNRWA/LNS.

which is called self-determination

who had just told us of this case herself, had been prevented from seeing them. Hamad Abas Abdeha, a .
Nablus engineer, had,also been arrested recently. The
local mayor had just announced to a group of several
hundred women in the city hall (including the engineer's wife) that he'had been irìformed 6y the
authorities tiat Abdeha's health was deteriorfting '
and a doctol had been called in. Torture was su;peçted.
'The journalist offered to take us to his family.
Finally he spoke of the practice of demolishîng
houses and told us of a recent experience: "l was coming from Jeiusalem and the soldiers stopþed my car because they were dynamiting a house. Perhaps the son
was a fedayeen or only
lsiJ:pecd I cried, beliey.e me,
when I saw the family of 14 people. My tears went
out to the old people and the children. Three.generations and now they were living uniler the skieäithout'

refugee camp. Here since 1948, 4000 people-it was

oiiginally íntended for 3000-have been quartered in
an old French military garrison dating back to the
19th century.

.

'
'Our guidé and friend is Bigran Majdalaney; â tall,.
elegant and sophisticated Syrian who is also'the atlorngy of the Palestinain Liberation Organization
(P!g), introduced us to the camp leade-rship as peace
activists from America. The camp council is made up
of a man (the male dominance both among lsraelis '
and Arabs is overwhelming) representing eách of the
Palestinian liberation groups. At first there was con-

wrN.l5

wlN
i1-4-

-

-.r^;åidÆ¿

.))

'

,1,

1

siderable reserve, if not suspicion. They have had experiences of enemy agents posing as journalists and
of others who have given degrading portrayals of camp
life. The atmosphere gradually warmed up as we inquired about the material conditions.
There is snow here for six months of the year, from
November to April, and the only heat is provided by
primitive kerosene stoves. Employment in seasonal
farm work and construction is only available for two
or three months out of the year. ln the Bahar plain
where Baalbeck is located there are 10,000 Palestinians for whom the total UNRWA allocation for medical care is $90 every three monthS. Each person receives 2 lbs. of flour, 1-1 i 3 lbs. of sugar and a little
olive oil per month. Soap was recently eliminated for
purposes of economy. Any Palestinian earning more
than $80 per month is ineligible as is his whole family.
Recently all new born babies have been excluded from
these benefits and all those working or studying abroad
are also ineligible.
The entire population of 4000 is compressed into
the original perimeter of the garrison, approximately
10,000 square meters. One person can barely fit
through the narrow corridor of a typical residential
barrack, which has a door every few yards leading into the living quarters. A room a little larger than an
average American bedroom houses over a dozen people. Most families have been here since 1948 when
they fled or were forced from their native villages in
Palestine, now lsrael. ln addition to the other hardships there is no room in which to move and no space
for the children to play except in the dusty streets.
Yet the living quarters are remarkably clean and the
morale of the people is extraordinary.
It is hard to give credence to an almost unanimous
desire and determination to return home one day, but
one hears it constantly. When I asked one old man
whether he would not welcome assimilation into
Lebanese society he laughed and said: "The Jewish
people did not forget their homeland in 2000 years
and you expect us to forget ours in 25?"
A blond-haired young man named Ali who spoke
fluent English took us through some of the l¡ving
quarters. He works in a nearby Oriental shop and
likes his job because he welcomes..fhe opportunity to
t¿lk about his people to foreigners. He explained,
"There is nothing for people to do.here but to have
more children. Yetthere is no privacy." He proudly
pointed to a small adjacent tract of land on which the
people in the camp are planning to build a kindergarten. Since neither the government.nor local landowners would donate even such a small piece of
property, they have had to save and beg in order to
be able to buy iL
As we prepared to leave, Gibran a[¡nost physically
had to move us towards our car. Dan had as usual
made a big hit with the children and our new friends
were more than anxious to have us share a meal with
them. Gibran later told us that he declined so firmly
because we would have eaten up their next rhonth's
rations at one sitting
It is out of the suffering and frustration of these
camps that the Palestinian liberation movement was
born. Both the passion for justice too long delayed
and the apparent madness of suicidal terrorism are
rooted in the experience of a voiceless and powerless
refugee community. Dr. George Habash, the leader of
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
(PFLP), with whom v/e met in Beiruq comes out of
16 WIN

the bitterness of this experience. As a teenager he
along with his family fled from Lydda during the
1948 war. lt was this memory which influenced his
choice of the Lod airport (the site of the now nonexistent Arab city of Lydda) for the terrible massacre
in 1972. After working as a medical doctor among,the

security purposes we finally met Arafat, He:is a short
stocky man with a friendly manner and dark eyes
which seem to alternate between shrewdness and
friendly humor. He was evidently ex.haus.ted, having
just returned from the front in South Lebanon where
he repor.ted the continuous sh ell ing of vil lages in what

refugees in Jordan, he finally chose political work

Marxist PFLP.
Habash is a strikingly attractive, intelligent and ,
surprisingly soft spoken man with prematurely greying hair. We saw him, as we did all the Palestinian
leaders, under the protection of complex security
precautions, including weapons which were more or
less tactfully disguised. He explained the radical posi;
tion of his groups, ¡amely: they are opposed to
Geneva, will consider any Palestinian participant a
traitor, and will not accept a Palestinian "mini state"
as a substitute for the pan-Arabic revolution which
must include the reoccupation of all of Palestine as
"a democratic non-sectarian state for Jews, Moslems
and Christians," the traditional formula of the PLO.
Habash argues persuasjvely that a reduced Palestinian
state (e.g. the West Bank and theGaza strip) would accomodate about 4U5O% of the refugees at the most,
would not be agriculturally or otherwise economically
viable and would serve as a "Bantustan" or cheap labor
pool for lsrael.
We challenged him on the question of terrorism as
we did almost all the Palestinians we met withl Terrorism, Dan pointed out, is questionable not only because one cannot achieve justice by the slaughter of
the innocent, but it is also counterproductive as a tactic. Unlike the Vietnamese whom, during our con'tacts with them in Paris and Hanoi,
we fõund to place
a high priority on appealing to world opinion, thô
guerilla use of terrorism allows the news media to
present the Palestinians to the world as faceless

iavage

kiiters;h" ¿t¡ ih*-oã J¡irËr"¿ãi

å^tf

in-

ated. lt is this phenomenon that allows men like
^
Shimon Peres, the lsraeli Defense Minister, to declare,.
as he did at a recent press conference, that there aie
three kinds of Palestinians, those in lsrael, those in
the occupied territories, and the rest belonging to terrorist groups, thereby dismissing the hundref,s of
thousands in the refugee camps.
Habash insisted that without the hijackíng of airplanes--initiated by his group-no one would ever
have heard of the. Palestinians and that we would not
be sitting there with him now. He does admit that
there have been mistakes in the past which he regrets
and which have caused his group to reevaluate their
t¿ctics. As we shook hands in parting Dr. Habash said
that he was open to criticism from his friends, which
struck us as a hopeful sign. Less hopeful is his group's
recent withdrawal from the PLO, which he accuses of
betraying the Palestinian revolution because of Arafat's readiness to negotiate at Geneva over a 'm¡nistate." Perhaps a major failure of those sympathetic
to the plight of the Palestinians has been a silence in
críticizing their leadership and terrorism in particular.
We had barely arrived in fascinating Damascus,
visited a few people and attempted in vain to learn
more about the shameful situation of the Jewish
community there, when we received word that a meeting had been arranged in Beirut with Yasir Arafat, the
head of Al Fatah and chief spokesman of the PLO.

After a sunrise departure from Damascus and
several intermediate rendevouz points in Bei¡ut for

'!.

.f J;ü;;

recognized Hrst"in *i,ã'[i¡ãã ror" Palestinians.than,
lsraelis ever have, unJ sã Àii invited the ðontinued

'
t1'dstroy
madness of terrorist iøoni.
. Needless to ruv, çrr'iriálti
pot¡t¡on has been furln comparison'with Habash's position, Araiar's
rher complicar.d'ú;'ñ;;;ãri'rã¡iîåiìrí;;ï;À";
general approach was characterized by moderation
Arab powers incru¿1ne loi¿ãn it nuuut to recogniie
and pragmatisT.
spoke with ope.nners about the
the PLO as the sole L"ii'tiruir representative of'the.Ht
posslbl'ty of a Palestinian state on the West Bank and,
Palestinian people. lnäddition a silent Lrut intense
Gaza strip uL{
struggle has br¿";;i;;;;;ii't'¡n ttt" tsraeli govern9f participarion-in,rhe Geneva Peace
Conferençe. This was in fact thé point of view which
menlbetween the-haüti anj a moderate miñority
h.as since prevailed by an overwhelming maiority at
striving-for the most part unsuccessfully-for u mort
the June PLO congress held in Cairo on, the.çpndition
conciliatory policy towards the Palestiniãns.
that they were to be invited to Geneva to disôuss the
lt is also not wíthout sienif¡cance that'Nayef
questior of national rights. The latteriPoint þ-essential -Hawatmeh in claiminlrriËonriUillty for Ma'ätst said
to_ the.Palestinian position, since presehtly their only
it sprang from the feai of his Demobratic Front that
offi-cial designation is in UN resolution No. 242 as
"the fut-ure of 6e piiest¡niäñt *is ur¡ng bartered
"refugees," a description totally unacceptable to them.
awìy by Henry f issinler.;; Ñor is this fãar unfounded
They_insistthatthei[ultimategoal isahomelandand 'in,-tlleligtttof recentd''ísClosuresbyTadSzulcin
a. national identity, not merely the amelioration of
Foreign:Policy magazine based on recent government
lhe refugee situation.
documents tliat Dr. Kissineer willfu{lv m¡íle¿ all
ln_the light of this June statement of the new lsparties involved'in the Parii peace ta'lks. One cäh alraeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin rejectingíthe esso assume that the Palestinians have reason to wonder
tabljshment of a separate, additional Arab state west
how much of their future has been bargained away in
of the Jordan" is more than unfortunate. þ{e also obsecret deals Kissinger trasmààr with the Arab leaders.
jected to the invitation of any "repre.sentatives of
While one rnouiä huu, wèlcome¿ some explicit
sabotage and terrorist orgahization" (i.e. the'PLo) to
sign on tnr eutgitiniu;rid;;i; ;iiin!n"rr.tå i..ãg,
he described as an unsuccessful attempt to
the.commãnd.o headquarters.

over his medical profession and founded the radical

Geneva and stated that lsrael will only negotiate with
King Hussein
Tiìü. ,rpr.r"htatïve of the
Paleitinians. fnrr nãËin-in äne felt swoãf nas cLoseO
offall avenues to the resìsánr. mourrrnt, has

I

.

^

'

This 1970 photo shows PLO teacter eeorge Habash tatk¡ng at the tntercontlnental Hotel to hostages captured by the guerillas in JunL, PLO/LNS.

i

.

t",r:.llriit;rff¡
.::,r

'1''.

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l

1948 with the traditional bread and salt. At{hat time
the villagers were asked to evacuate the village for
two weeks and now, over 25 years later, they are still
in exile. One pîiest whom we met can still remember
his old father saying to him as a child::"Son, we are
being driven out of our home and we must leave. I
don'i understand why. When you,get older'ltfvant

you to try to find out why. But above all-don,'t learn
to hate."
ln 1951 the villagers finally sued rhe goverrìment
and won their case before the High Court of Justice.
The army used devious legal maneuveri'to circumvent
the court order and finally one village was demolished
by ground troops and the other-déstroyed by,jncendiary bombs. Now a kibbutl has been built on íhe village land and the former inhabitants are, hire(as day .
laborers to farm their own land. '
iln 1972 the villagers began a classigal canlpaign of
nonviolent direct action. They organiz'ed a sit-in in
the home of their bishop Joseph Raya and won him
over to their cause. Later thousands occupied their:
church and many wq.re beaten and arrested. On that
day they were joined by many Jewish lsraelis. Since
then there have been petitions, marches, rallies,
hunger strikes and sit-ins. But in spite of growing
mass support in the non-Arab community, the government refuses to yield for fear of setting a precedent.
Nevertheless, the Palestinian villagers and.their Jewish
supporters are determined to continue their fight for

t,

justice.

It was this same spirit that we found in the
refugee's determination to humanize their camp life.
ln the Tal-El-Zaiter c4mp near Beirul our guide, a
heavyset young engineer, had worked in a factory in
Germany with other Palestinians but had decided to
return "home" and was noy worlcing w¡th the Plan"' ning Committee of the PLO. Hê"told us of the Comm¡ttee's efforts to develop educational programs for

This 1969 photo shows Palest¡n¡an guerlllas training, Nick Medvecky/Fifth Estate/LNS.

nize lsrael's existence, perhaps this is too much to expect at this moment from a people who have for so
long lived in the hell of diaspora and despair. ln the
Arab world of holy wars and machismo not even the
Egyptians, all their camaraderie.with Henry Kissinger
not withstanding have yet made such a statement.
One must continue to emphasize the importance of
such explicit recognition as a means to genuine peace.
On the other hand, private conversations with important Palestinian officials often indicate much greater flexibility concerning some kind of future peaceful
coexistence between lsrael and a new Palestinian state.
One would like to detect a faint glimmer of hope in
the fact that each side suspects and perhaps even
knows that behind the other side's official rigid policy
certain more moderate points of view do exisL The
refusal of American public opinion and of the news
media in particular.to recognize this important distinction and public rhetoric and private concrete
maximal and minimal negotiating demands (particularly on the part of the Palestinians) has contributed
more heat than light to the debate on the Middle East.
More tragic and inexcusable is the terrorist
attack on the lsraeli coastal settlement of Nahariya
for which in a unprecedented manner Al Fatah has
claimed responsibility in retaliation for the lsraeli
bonlbing raids on Lebanon. Not only is the murder of
children always reprehensible, but one must deplore
the fact of the more moderate sector of the Palestinian
leadership resorting to extremism at a time when it
will only serve to hide the human face of the Palestinian tragedy before the world. However, it would also
be a mistake to assume that thp PLO has now renounced the more hopeful attitudes tq come out of
Cairo and which we heard directly from Arafat and

\

others.
18

wtN

\

All this is not to minimize the gravity of lsrael's
retaliatory attacks against the Lebanese refugee camps
in an effort to punish the guerilla movement. The
indiscriminate nature of such air raids can only be
appreciated after one has seen the severe overcrowding
in these camps.
Paul Martin of the London Times reports the effect of bombing on the Nabatiyeh oamp from rùhich
its 5000 inhabitants had been evacuated on May 1 8
when we were already back in lsrael: "Half the camp
had'been completely destroyed by direct hits on
houses in no way connected with the Palestinain
guerillas. . . Eight children between the ages of eight
and12 were killed when bombs showered down on
the camp's school. . . The death toll so far is 25
civilians killed and nearly 60 wounded." John K.

Cooley of the Christian Science Monitor (6124)
describing another area writes: "The attacking planes
dropped incendiary bombs and what appeared to be
a new type of anti-personnel bomb, with curved pieces
of sharp metal wired to the bomb casings to scatter on
ex plosion.

"

The almost blinding intensity of this vicious circle
of violence and bloodletting makes it easy to overlook
aspects of the Palestinian struggle which involved the
use of nonviolent means. For example, last year'the
population of several camps in Southern Lebanon prevented the UNRWA.personnel from entering.the camps
as a protest against the humiliating and inadequate
programs of that agency. Not a word of this ever appeared in the US press.

The case of the two Christian Palestinian villages of
lkrit has generated considerable controversy within lsrael but is relatively unknown here.
Both of these villages have been friendly to Jews since
1930 and welcomed the lsraeli troops in October
Beram and

t
I

the young inspired by the ideas of lvan lllich, Paulo
Freire and the experience of the Chinese revolution,
and added: "'We want to create a socialrrevolution
which will change the behavior of our young people.
Only a collective consciousness can stand up against
the pressures and the consumerism of the Lebanese
society. We must prepare our youth to live together
with Jews, Christians, and Moslems in an authentic
non-exploítatvie society which is really deryrocratic."
ln spite of the alienating effect of camp iife and .
the lack of a sense of national identity in an þften hostile enviro¡ment the Palestinians have managed to become the most developed among all ttíe Arab þeoples.
As one drives along the West Bank it is not urlcommon
to see children reading a book while sitting under a
tree or walking along the road, very much like the
,Litt¡e Vietnamese boy I recall studying while sitting
on his water buffalo in North Vietnam. Jheir pasiTon
for education, not dissimilar to that of the Jews during their diaspora, has given them a high number of
university graduates and professionals, a factbr which

would prove a major asset if a Palestinian state were
ever created.

The question of whether two great pe long history of suffering and with a common dream of
a homeland can ever forget the past and transcend the
oceans of blood and bitterness which separate them is
a recurring one. lsrael Shahak, a professor of biochemistry at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, is a
large, passionate man who embodies the conflict. He
is the chairman of the lsraêli League for Human and

Civil Rights and a Polish Jew who is a survivor of the
Warsaw ghetto and the Bergen Belsen concentration
camp. For him the meaning of the holocaust is simple:

"lt

mean! putting the interests of humani,ty above ,
everything-especially above the private interests of. , '
nations, churches or sects." Shahak is a controversial
figure and is often outspoken'¡n his criticism of
' government policy.
At the same time he was bitterly critical of the obStacles which the Palestinians have set up to unoffici4l
meetings with peace minded lsraelis: "Perhaps this;is
even more terrible than Ma'alot-unforgivable and
stupid. What an irony that for many Palestinians the
first lsraelis they will ever meet will be people like
Moshe Dayan and Golda Meir at Geneva."
This was the same urgent plea of Ran Cohen, the
handsome young lraqui Jew who is the secretary of
-his kibbutz, a decorated Lieut. Colonêl in the,tank
corps and, surprisingly, a peace activist. He held both
my hands in his as we left him and begged: "Do anything you can to bring Palestinians and lsraelis togçlher.fof some kind of dialogue."
,lt was all the more painful to hear that not too long
ago Abu Ayad-Arafat's right hand.man-had asked ,
for a meeting !üith his lsraeli counterpart. Heiii,as
turned down because-according to poet Amos Kenan
"They were afraid that there was something to talk
abouL Once Palestinians talked to us Leftists it would
weaken the government in refusing these invitations."
It reminded me of Labor M.P. Eliav's words: "lt
takes couragdtô'Ue a realis! a man of peace in the
Palestinian organizations as it takes courage to .be a
dove in lsrael. . . You have to start somewhere, you
have to start to talk. I'm talking and I don't hear an
echo

feL"

.Will these aspirations for dialogue and peace be fulfilled as long as there are so many other interested
parties involved in the Middle East? The Arab countries who have so often mounted their wars on the
backs of the Palestinian refugees. The superpower.s ..
who as recently as last October took advantage of
that bloody conflict to test their most sophisticated
new weapons. (Nor is the use of tactical nuclear
weapons beyond the realm of possibility in some
future war.) According tb a recent Pentagon release
$7 billion out of the $8.5 billion US arms sales during the i73-'74 period went to the Middle East and

a

the Periian Gulf area.
All of theSe obstaqles not withstanding, there are
signs of hope. The gre1ter flexibility of the Arab
countries, the mgre open Palestinian position, and a
relative state,pfJod_etentel'þetween the US and the ,
Sovlet Union coufð mäkd Genêv'a- a.step towards jus-, *
tibe for the Palestinians and security for lsrael.
Much depends on'the extent to which both Palestinians and lsraeli's are willing to accept a solution
.

which neither side will find completely satisfaitory or
just. However, observers on all sides agree that the
present unique opportunity for negotiations is quickly
eroding and that the possibility of a new major war

with each passing day.
This guarded optimism was reflec"ted ín the woràs
of Amos Kenan to us: "Perhaps this new mood will
last four or five years. Time is running out. The essence of it all is simply that in order to tal k about the
future we have to change the present. Otherwise there
is no sense in talking about the future because there
will be no

;becomes more real

'

future.'l

$f,

WIN 19

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Their indignation may be increased
they read on: "ln addition, the
documents show that the commission

.)

ti--ra

ln Hawaii, aPeople's Party candiCommunity for Non-Violent Action.
date for US Senate received 17% of the
They feel that "there is suffering in'
vote as the sole opposition to incumthe world, suffering that cannot be felt
Canada's liberal government is preparbent Democrat lnouve.
ing to introduce legislatíon which
or understood by those who accept
And Julius Hobson, a DC Stotehood the luxuries borne of injustice. . . The
would decriminal ize marijuana posses'
Party candidate for City Council atvoices of the hungry cry out, but they
sion throughout Canada.
large, was elected to offce. Hobson
cannot be heard amidst the splendor_of
The Journol of Addiction Research,
was the People's Party vice-presidential
the Statler-Hilton Hotel.
published in Toronto, reports that a
candidate in 1972.
The six feel that the continuing US
bill removing all criminal penalties for
The People's Party, with which all
involvement in Southeast Asia and the
simple pot possession has already been
of these state parties are affiliated (as
imminent starvation of millions of the
drafted by Canada's Justice Minister,
is Michigan's Human Rights Party) is a
Otto Lang.
world's people have not been dealt
with morally or responsibly by the
According to Lang, the decriminaliza- national organization with chapters in
over half the states. Should the DemoChurch. The location chosen for the
tion bill is modeled after the recomcrats nominate someone like George
conference-the Statler-Hil ton Hotelmendations of Canada's Ledain ComWdlace for Président in 1976, the
is partícularly inappropriate in the
mission. The Ledain Commission, a
People's Party may be the only viable
face of world poverty and at a time
govern ment-appointed study group,
alternative for'large numbers of prowhen millions arç hungry.
recommended threeyears ago that
gressive voters around the country.
The demonstration coincides with
simple pot offenses be treated only
The Michigan Human Rights Party
the trial of three other members of the
with civil fines-with no jail sentences
candidate for governor, Zoll.on Ferency Balti more-Washi ngton Com munity for
or criminal sanctions attached.
ended up with slightly more than
Non-Violent Action, for the destrucThe new bill as drafted by the Jus26,000 votes in Michigan, about1.1%
tion of Food for Peace files in the Viettice Ministry-while treating si mgle
of the total votes cast. As yet, the
nam Overseas Procurement Office on."
possession as a minor offense-wôuld
totals for other HRP statewide candicontinue to impose criminal penalties
July 10. The trial is scheduled fof Noi.
dates are unknownras Secretary of.
22, the final day of the Bishop's Conagainst marijuana suppliers and trafState Richard Austin has not quite got- ference.
fic kers.
ten around to counting them.
For more information, contact
US legal experts h.ave predicted that
,
-=Ann Arbor Sun Claire Marie at (202) 667-6407.
if Çanada decriminalizes pot possession,

*

tl

the United States will probably follow
a similiar course shortly thereafter.
Ann Arbor Sun

SIX PEACE ACTIVISTS
OCCUPY SHRINE TOWER

THIRD PARTIES SCORE GAINS

Six members of the Baltimore-Washington Community for Non-Violent

California's Peqce and Freedom Porty,
formed in 1967 to oppose the Democratic Party's war policies in Vietnam,
ran a slate of candidates
offce this year.

for statewide

The stiongest showing was by Mari-

lyn Seals,

a

feminist-socialist who ran

for Lieutenant Governor and got
152,000 votes, ove¡' 2.5% of the total
votes cast.
Labo¡ organizer, Gayle Justice,
PFP's US Senate candidate, got

95,000 votes.

ln Vermonf the Liberty Union
Porty got five to seven percent of the
vote for its eight statewide candidates,
a strong showing which forced several
races into the state legislature (where
less

than maiority outcomes are de-

cided).
20

wlN'

Action have begun an oÇcupation of
the bell tower at the Shrine of the lmmaculate Conception in Washington.
Their ascent coincides with the opening of the National Conference of
Catholic Bishops at the Statler-Hilton
Hotel in Washington. The six will fast
on water and will release banners, addressed to "every man and woman
who would be called a follower of
Christ." They will attempt to remain
during the full course of the five-day
conference.
The six are Debbie Meal ia Budd,
20, )im Budd, 21, and Chris Moore,
23, all of.the Jonah House Non-Vio-

lent Resistance Community, and
Margie Kolchin, 20 all of Baltimore,

Mary Ellen Hombs, 23 and Mitch
Snyder, 31, both of the Washington

-News

Desk

O.YEAR-LOÑC NEC COVER.
UP ON SAFETY PERILS
1

The some 50 million people who live
in the vicinities of the 50 nuclear re.
âctors now operating in the US, will
be interested in David Burnham's
November 9 arlicle based on "an
examination by the New York Times'
of hundreds of memos and letters
written by Atomic Energy Commission
and industry officials since 1964."
They may even feel indignant that
"one key study, which the commission
kept from the public for more than
seven years, found that a major reactor accident-should one occur-could
have effects equivalent to'a goodsized weapon,' killing up to 45,000
persons, and that'the possib'le size of
such a disaster might be equal to that

of the state of Pennsylvania."'

caused the toss

ignored recommendations from its
own scientists Imy italics] for further.
research on key safety questions. And
they show that on at least two important matteis, the commission consulted"
with the industry it was supposed to
be regulating before decidingnot fitalics mine] to publish a study critical of .

ii:ï.äJli

its safety procedures." (This type of
situation was a factor in the Co¡gressional decision to split the. AEC into
two agencies: the Energy Research &

CANADA MAY
LEGAL¡ZE MARIIUANA

Development Administration and

the

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. )
Burnham's story drew a cop-out ', r;'
statement a week later from Dixy Lee
Ray, the outgoing AEC chairperson,
which then was discredited by Daniel
Ford of the Union of Concerned
Scientists. Ford pointed out that two
AEC reports cited by Dixy Lee Ray
were made public only after threatened
lawsuits under the Freedom of lnfor-

mation

Act.

-Jim

Peck

HIGH RATE OF SUBS

-

Newspapers and magazi nes frequently
offer special incentive prizes to.new
subscribers in order to boost their
sales. Now, an Ann Arbor, Michigan
weekly þaper-the Ann Arbor Sunsays it will give a whole pound of
Columbian'marijuana to. the lucky'
winner in its.latest subscription drive.
According !o the paper, Michigan
legislator Perry Bullard will personally
conduct the drawing that selects the

winner.

-Straight Creekl

FAMINES THREATEN
NATIVE AMERICAN RESER.
VATIONS THIS WINTER
Native American lndians who live on
reservations face largescale starvation
this winter unless immediate relief
steps are taken, says the Joint Strategy
and Action Commirtee (JSAC), a national organization of churches, in
warnings it has issued.
JSAC reports that flooding drough!
and early frost this spring and summer,
whích have reduced crop yield in the
Midwest, have been devastating to
reservation residents who depend
heavily on the land for their survival.
Their economic ties to the land involve
1 ) working for others during harvest
time,2) lgasing land out to ãon-lndian
ranchers and farmers, and 3) growing
most of their food in small truck gar-

dens.

All three

'

areas of income have been

affected. Reduced crop yields has
meant that there is little harvesting

conditions SARAH BAD HEART BULL
of srazingtivesrock_so nËlgÀSÈO Oru ÞÃnOl_g--

u¡ork available; wearher

as

iliJ'liJji[fli[i il*"

B ur

r, con

v

i

cred, Çusrer

H,llrgfl",l;lr,i,ïñ"tiüJÄ-,ñ*iä",í, fl,'J;i*ä:l,T.i,ä,Ii ,";..lr"J"i,i'31i"ø

winter.

tdfbugh the
tnfi'ation w¡tl mate things
worse.

even

Stapleilif,ãìrc"-i"¿"6.""r.

women's prison in Yankton where she
has been held with nobond since
21. The day before, a South
court had found her guiltv on cl,arges
of arson.stemming.from an American

June
Dakota '

:,
?

ñ]i õöì; il;'ï;o:"#;ä "".
SOZrìu.iiËi;"#.
i,;
litü üä"ri :i' l'"t i,Hff i' T "',
3;H1,iå,*l f, tiii* mï '";
hundred lndian people had
;ñi;h

;

trave riien 1*äO-f

;;;#;ä;.'il;;;i'"'
fear thar most reservaiijJji;.]åJli.''
;ü; ä;ri;ä'ffi
"i'r,.,
ñas.ulio eone

l

satah Bad Heart

T,,

^^f*o
pone ro Cusrer ro proresr the murder,

å

"'

r li,.if-åif ,î#f ;lìi:i",*''Ull
rn tnå past, covernïåTjl,p*s-^
'
I[îiîî;:ïflii-Jlå"tå?;f,ï,T;f,.,..
r,
ãii,-iit, o t v u ñ u ri?,T,i:,"'j'['#îåil1?i :,1,
.,'äþt;ä d;; t
famine on sor" so..iil.r*ãii.- r;;;t;;- wnrte Jurv'
t;;

lä*

i

ïtr i?,.

tioni s"verãiwint.it

r

ãr

liihii'in5i",":'¡i'iåi.*
ffi ggtle

fi

:;î*lf,ffi

rËl,""î1ï{l

urlt¡i-the next appropria. Bottum denied Bad Hearr Bull
July of
Thirty-five reservations.in rhe states dme to arrangp for the care- of her six
-"'::
of .North and South Dakota. Montana_ "'f.,iiär""
a.re a.ll

tion

ln

the

1975'

:,

;ñnî"iiurilv.
Nd*-rvrãxüo,l¡;;;tïil,j,iË;[iü,.""?i..äiil:ä',",fl tT_:',X"{î jo1:'fr¿"'
and ldahg, JSAC reports are pärticulàr- '
äi" failed to get bond set for her.
lv hard hit bv the dtorå|J1,Fäil"u"r, earty in November her sen_

ryfi'.iü',lir!!iJ,1ii,ïlË:i:fl t::ä,:ïîå'Jîi:tå*
ff

j.#;it1Ttu

i3åi,ï:i'åil.,z;ïi::"::*'n"î*,mi:tinï,t:.,:ï,f nïff íï;",
.,
I
ly

NEWS FROM

TAX COURT

recommended that she live in Sioui
A parote officer rook her directty
from the prison to Rapid City.to.get .
Fatts.

.

'

her.children and 'move to Sioui Fãlls
On October 29th, f our area tax resisunder.his supervision. She was per'
ters presented utjrrrnito luåe.
mitted no contact with her lawyers.
Theodore Tannañwald, Jr. Ás iñ ttre
:
past, IRS had filed moíións for judg-LNS 'j
ment on the- pleadings (i.e., without a
1:.
trial) againsi Ruth Falçs, Mary Austin,
,
)
,
Ginevin
and
Ted
and
Anne
Tap
Jghn
| :,i,

fr'l',i::'
de"CisionsoftheTaxCourttoiuiei"n

EArE D scHooL
,,, Rêôton,Virginia,will bethesiteofthe
favor of lRS. After each argumen! the first totally solar-heated school in the
judge reiterated thisview; buttheim:. 'i' nation. The$2.7 million school will alpaii of the arguments coúH be seeri*ì"'"so'berþarti4fly þ.uried and covered with
by the fact thãt each iirne he was lþss trees to insulate-the building. " ,certain that he was "bound." The last
School officials say the dãsign will'
of the four to be heard was the Tapsav.e "thousands of dollars" pei year 1
.,
pers.

fliJ;åT#;^:T'ffi:iî,"îXi

soLAR-

H

¿

ln this case, unlike the other
three, I RS was seeking a 5o/o penalty in
adflition to the Tax. This totally outragêd the judge, who asked why IRS
wasn't satisfied with "one drop of
.b-lood" and why they,needed a second
from the Tappers. When the I RS attorney stated he would not drop the
claim for the penalty, the judge indicated he would definately rule
against IRS as to the penalty, and
might rule against them as to the tax,
. as

well.

-Philadelphia

WTR

in heating costs. The buildi.nþ will also
use the heat created from conventional air conditioners to heat water for the
school. However, the air conditioning
units will be used only when outside
temperature is too hifh to enable circulating air fans to cool the structure.
Designers of the building say the
.

school will costonly 8.9 cents each
year per square foot to heat in contrast to 49 cents per square foot for
an aboveground structure.

-Environmental Action
wtN 21

'

PEOPLE'S
BULLETIN

Im

BOARD
l0 woRDs'

PITTSBURGH PEOPLE'5 HISTO RY
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9le9 Spiral bound-11 x 17-Send 93.25 to:
pittsburgh NAM, poB 8224T, pittsburgh,
dar,

t52t7.'

THE POWDER MAGAZINE, A

RAdICAI

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ecologyi sexual polltics, the family ðnd alternatives; education and commun¡ty;
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and adults' Play together, not against each
other. Free catalog; Famlly Pastimes,
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WHY CAPITALISM CAN'T WoRK" Read
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WINE LABELS. IOZ assorted (6 stytes).
Reg $2. On sale $t pdstpaid. Mutþerry '
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Printing/liv¡ng coltective ¡n Sm¡thtown, Long
lsland ¡s looking for a new member, lf inexpetienced, we're wlll¡ng to teach Drlnilno
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money. Call (5f 6) 979-7392 or wrtte The'
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IMPEACH MR. & MRS. AMERICA. 2/$1.OO,
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New Mldwest research lnstitute seeks un.
selflsh, socially conscious, non-career¡st MAPhD Movement economists, political scientlst1 etc, who can get grants on war-peace
reconvers¡onr etc. Read Gross & O3terman,
"The.New Professionals" pp 33-77. Mtdwest
Instltute,.1206 N. 6th 5t,, Columbus, OH
43201.

' Rósíslânc¿
ContemplatÍon

P 1023 The Red Star Singers: The Force of Life. ..A record so politically
powerful-and so musically effective that one can only lament that it diån't appear
three or four years ago when the Mçvement was even more in need of some ña¡ddriving songs to help keep the scene together. This album exudes the kind
or excite.
ment generated by the Weavers in the'50's, and perhaps even by Dylan's more
political songs of the '60's"-Bernard Weine¡ in WIN. Songs Incl. Belly of the Monster, Still Ain't Satisfied, Can't Be Free Till Everybody Else Is, etc. With complete
song lyrics and notes l-tz" LP.
. . . .. . . .
P 1019 Chile: The Siege of Santa Maria De lquique, a People's Cantata
sung by Quilapayun. Recorded in Chile before the coup of September 1973 by
the most popular singing group of the Popular Unity movement. Wo¡ds and musiõ
by Luis Advis based on an actuhl event in Chile's history. Sungìn Spanish, Complete
text and English translation in accompanying booklét. 1-12" LP.

The largosl.and most complelo Eol€c4
llon ol anar€hlsl books åúellåbþ anywh6r6. lncludoa lndlvlduallgt, communallst, syl}
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J

and believer alike."-L¡brary Journal.

Delta

Vine Deloria, Jr,

ol B¡oken

Here is a passionate look at U.S. government/American lndian relalions and
a bold new proposal for the future by
the leading lndian sþokesman of today.

the T¡aíl

freatr'eé

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lndependence

Hunte¡

and Hunled

Human History
ot the

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StO.

P 10141 Hate the Capitalist System. Songs of the American working class and
the strug¡le against oppression sung by Barbara Dane. Songs of minen, auto workers,
migrant workers, antiwarGls, student protesters, etc. including Ludlow Massacre, .
I Hate the Capitalist System, Lonesome Jailhouse Blues, Spêed-Up Song, Working
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1003 FTA! Songs of the Gl. Resistance sung by Barbara Dane with active-duty Gls. Recorded at GI coffee houses and movement centers at Fort Hood,
P

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Khigh Aix Dhiegli

February-

Robert Heìss

A

compelling 'stuOy, translateci from

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., $3,25 (tentative price)
,;;*-ì..Çr9 ø1h9r¡ n, M a.r

21-

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Grace Paley

Chang,es

Greal short stories by a great American wrÍter. "She is that rare kind of
writer, a natural, with a voice'like no
one else's: ,funny, sad, lean, modest,

Lasf
Minute

This new commentary on the I Ching
does not replace thg classical Ten
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@

llie first lime in

paperbaók;'is an oulstanding collection
of essays on art, culture and' politics
by.this foremost Marxist critic.
A Defta Original $3.25

?l[flSvorut¡on

A-b'rilliant dissection of police undercover operations in that landmark trial
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-The
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liberation,

accounts by survivors of the Holocaust.

energetic, acute. L¡ke lhe great modern Russian writers, she demonstrates

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with modern scientific explahalions.
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of

commune in northern California reo;iá C;ó;Í¡ve
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three complete song cycles Arkadia II and Arkadia III 6ased on poems by Manos
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A demonstration of how resistance áid
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ANARCHISM

22 WrN

q

Paredon Records is a movement-

oriented company; all its earnlngs
are put back into more res¡stance
recordings. The records below can
be shipped in time for Christmas.

FREE IF NO EXCHANGE
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oNLY 20 WORDS.
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portant,Paperbacks t rom DeII

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Peace

ln odditìon, we will send eâch recipient of a gift subscription a har..dcov-er copjr
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price of $B'95.
Us
- - which has a retãil
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