Win Magazine Volume 10 Number 37

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with the Army, Air Force and Navy at Scott
Field, East St. Louis: Air Force Research -

In WIN [10/17l74l itwas fortunate to see
agood article on the world food crisis by
Adam Finnerty. I would like tô add some
additional ideas on what is causing famine
worldwide. Sevèral trends seem to be inter¡elated and should be considered.
1) The capitalist economic system of
the US consumes 4O% of the world's mineral
resources ¿nd in order for capitalism to survive it needs to consume more and more
through unchecked growth.
2) Estimates indicate that many of the
world's mine¡al Íesources will be exhausted
in the next 3O 100 years if consumption
continues to grow pt the present fate, ey

pecially US consumption
3) Many thi¡d world countries are increasingly demanding democratic control
over their resources and àe no longer allowing American corporations to continue
hoarding the world's resources.
4) For many yearq before Fo¡d's UN
speech, Ameiican capitalism has used food
as a weapon-most of Latin America grows
US cash crops and imports essential food
from America; Indochina was changed from
a rice exporter to rice importer through US
defoiliants; Allende's government in Chile
was denied American wheat that wæ late¡
given after the coup, etc.
5) Adam mentioned bad weather as a
major problem for world crops in the last
two-three years-according to FAO Director
Boerma the world faces a serious shortage of
wheat and rice due to droughts which have
occur¡ed recently inover 36 countries.
6) Earl Butz said recently at a Town
Meeting sponsored by Mobil Oil here in
Columbia that the world now depends on
the US fo¡ rice and wheat; Hubert Humphrey
at the same meeting said all of the world except the US and Canada has been experienceing bad weather; both of them refused to
answer questions on possible Ame¡ican use
of weather modification
7) In the last 25 years the American
government/military has shown an unusal
interest in weather modification warfare, es
pecially agencies such as the State Dept,
Weather Bureau, Agriculture Dept, NASA
(which has put up a lot of weather s4tellites),
National Security Council and the AEC;
milit¿¡y interests seem to center mainly
2

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Lab, Hansom Field, Cambridge, Mass; US
Army Ballistic Missile Base, Huntwille,
Alabama; US Army Natick Labs, Natick,
Mass; Army Ordinance Missile Support
Agency, White Sands, New Mexico; China
Lake Naval Base, C.hina Lake, Calif. and
Wright-Patterson Ai¡ Force Base, Dayton,
Ohio. RAND Corporation and Geophysics
Cbrp, in Boston seem to have done a lot of
research (Geophysics especially on the use of
¡ocket exhausts to cont¡ol climate).
For the past yeff and a half I have been
researching these questions and would aÊ
preciate any information (spying) from anyone who lives near these bases We need to
raise these questions with other countries
befo¡e the UN conference in Rome in
November. We need a nonviolent revolution
in the US befo¡e its economic system destroys the world, How about some democratic economic ¡esistance (rent, tax, rvork,
etc.) and a parallel government? Perhaps
the Weatherpeople were right in Prairie Fire
"Stawation, hunger and food shortages will
unleash and sharpen all the basic cont¡adictions. The imperialists will respond with
solutions like population control, war and
greater monopoly power. But hunger is too
stark and the conûict irreconciliable. This
contradiction could well define the coning

period."

MARK LOONEY
2237 4OthPL NIV No. 3
Wæhington, DC 20007

Thank you for

l4)e

certainly apologize for our vety ern

.

barrassing errors. However we don't know
why, símply because we have men on staf,
that our erroß are not as$med to be accid.ental No one here ìntended or øen
thought of exorclse (at present therc are

no &tholics on staff), A wontan nade the
origínal typogmphical enor, ønd two women rnísiedít in proofreadíng Typos whích
arc correctly spelled words on their own
are the hatdest to catch since prgofng
tends to concentrate on spellíng mther than
meaníng Of course we should hgve eught
such an obvious contradictory error and we'
apologize that we did not.
-Wy
Renouncing Sexual "Equality" hit the nail
I
whe¡e it
I've got another concern. The horro¡s of
breast cancer have been very forcibly impressed on me of late, along with thousands
of other womerr" But the real thrust of my
conce¡n is this: doctors are careless. They
do not ca¡e to serve the people, at least
not many, if my experience is any crite¡ion

lives.

Recently I was screened for high-blood
I was found to have iLI went
to two different doctors for trealment.
Both failed to do a b¡east exam! Both
listened fo¡ heart malfunction Imãgine
getting that close (heartsare between
pressure and

breasts) and then neglecting such an imprinting my piece, Renouncing portant examination lt's criminal
mal-

Søcual " Eqwlity", [l0l L7 I 7 4], however,
therd is an interesting important error.
You printed: I am saying that men wíll
luve to renounce their phallocentric pq"
sonalities, and the prÍvileges dnd poweß
gíven to them at birth as a consequence of

tlat

they wÍll hove fo exercise
everything ¡n them that they now value as
dístinctively "m,ale"
' I think you intended: I øm saying that
men wíll høve to tenounce their plullocer
tric personalities, and the privileges and
powers given to them at bírth as a ænse
quence of their bíology, that they wíll have
fo exorcise everything in them tlat they
now volue as dßtinctively "male"
I wrote: I øm saying that men will have
to renounce their phallocentríc penonalíties,
and the prìvíleges and pwers gÍven lo them
at birth as a consequ¿tnce of theír bíology,
that they will høie to excise everytíng ín
them thøt they now value as dístínctívely
their bíology,

Also, the name of my book is llroman
-ANDREA DWORKIN
-.New York, ñY

Hating

practice-not in a legal sense, but moral
Women in genetal a¡e fearful of ælÊ
examination, afraid of what they'll find" A
lump can mean disaste¡, Not an irrational
fear but definitely cowardice if succumbed
to It is after all a life and death mattef, orC
may well bc
Sistèrs do not trust your doctors,.do it
you¡selves or nake hím The life you s¡¡ve
m4y be your
-MARTHA BENDER
Poway, CA

own.

In response to Allen Young's article, "A
Trauma about T¡aile¡s" [WIN, 10/16/74],
let me say that I disagæe with his aesthetics
as well as his politics In my opinion
trailers are far uglier when they are crarnmed
together in t¡aile¡ parks than when they åre
scattered about (especially in rural areas).
The claustrophobic crowding of the units
seems to be a far greater crime than the
units themselves. Secondly, as a gay person
"male"
whose people are all conside¡ed legally
"Exercise" is of course male, active, nonsingle, and many of whom are socially
sensical in the context of the sentence, but
single, a trailer seems like the right-sized
most sensical in the context of male idenunit foi one adull Houses, although lovlier
tity; l'exorcise" has a spiritual Catholic con- and often more lasting are simply too large,
notation which I did not and would not,
and apadments are often too small of simply
choose but which you apparently chose for
unwanted because they most often lack
me; "excise" means to øcryrge, to. cut out
garden space
or off as a tumar which was and is preciseOn the political side, let me point out
ly what I meant, which is why I chose the
that since trailer parks are a relatively new
word.
concept, there are very few laws to protect
This mistake is too meaningful, given
their occupants. Since the occupant of a
the powe¡ and pervasiveness of male fears of ttailer park owns his/her hailer but not the
castration as feminists have begun to underground beneath
he or she is merely a
stand them, to be accident¿L
tenant-but without evén the rights most
I call.it to your attention, and I want
tenants have come to expect or demand"
you to call it to the attention ot your readers. The owners of the t¡ailer parks (who are

i!

corporaton) indiv,jduals were busted. I now see that
please such left-Mccarthyist tactics-labelling acsuch
tivists as !'CIA agents" or "police pro
lawg does not apply to trailers), and it's a
vocateúrs" because of political or personal
more difficult and expensive task to vacate disagreements-ii dest¡uctive. I do not into cheaper territory when one has to take'
tend to evel get involved again in such
one's house along In addition, the tenants negalive, divisive political factional ñghts'
whiCfrnturns people you disagree with into
a¡e often at the ernotional mercy of the ,
"enemies," even extendingin Miami to the
owners, who cán evict anyone they don't
Zippie þomen being banned from the
like-including hippies or gay people.
womeri's
center in our ofÍcq
These are just some of the things Allen
t
.In,addition"
I apologize for publicly
should take into account before condemr¡
ing innocent people to trailer camp prisons ' pressuring A'J. Weberman, "Dylanologist,
-KARLA.JAY garbologis! and assassinationologist," into
New York, NY publicly apologizing to Bob Dylan, in our
usually one individual or a
can ¡aise the rents as often as they
(rent control, even where there are

".Foot- pear at plùmovement concerts. I regret
.
,'ittir pç."ur" it was public strong-arrñ tac-

Some friendly criticism of Mackler's
as a4 Addiction- lWlN,

taff W"t"f¡inË
l7l7al
l0l'Thougî

,

,ì,

November

7

r 1974 / Vo!. X, No. 37

tics, which were unfair.
On the Dick Cavett Shqw.rpcently,

Mackler does note at the outset ',,j
4.' Under the'Cloak and Behind the
..
that it is'mostly men who waich sports, his ' Cavè1t,said, "The¡e are "" *"lq_tJlf,fi;,
óuggrtr The CIA in,Ch'ile'l NACLA
analysis of the sources of sportswatching and I did not object. Actually YIP thfves. _ ^ .. :;
irin't"r., of what "we" and what "Ameri' in communities'änd chapters:ac¡oss Ameri l2' McNamar4 Frei Blocked from BU
ca. Yippies and Zippies ar9 1c!{ve ll.tb"
Conference I M¡choel T, Klare
cans" do (eg "we desperately need this
activity. , ."i"tft" AmeriCan push for attain- guer¡ilä theater aná anarchistliradition that
13. Two Poems by Toby Olsen
I had a role in evolving. I ruppoti t'rt.l
ment . .,,). Firsf we should all be more
"t--'
(exyippie
I
longei
a
am
no
though
tivitieq
experience
male
talking
aboul
ío
sensitive
, 1 4. I sl a Vista Leaf,etti ng 1.,
cept in spirit), nor am I now inv_olved tn
as if it were human experience, as this
ilp.*t"
päriü.¡ìå"¿.i.rtlp
*iv'ii
any
16. Daisy, Colby, Sophie, & Leo: An Open I
article does Second, by not analyzing
sportswatching as auniquely mâle experi- contacted at Box 392, Canal Streêt Station,
LetteÎ"to Andrea Dworkin, et al.
ence, as a response

to the problems

and

Nlw York, NY

10013.

:

contradictions inherent in.the contemporary I ask the media to stop referring to me
as a"'yippie" leader. My cwrent activity is,
American male role, I think the article
misses the

mostimportant

poll¡o¡

pLEcK I5: ffå'åî1if i"LH',5'¿ii*-äJ'äl$ih

Ann Arbo¡

.

MI

Hiïf,lil!:i!iîiiö#ïîlif"uä'""

ceive back the vibrations we send out.
..Richard Nixon's fall is a classic

niode!Ê

example of characte¡ determining fate, For
the past year, I h4ve been involved in a karma cleaning therapeutic operation called
Fischer-Hoffman Psychic Therapy in which
I experienced out my karma toward and
¡eceived.a loving divorce from my parents.
I am writing this statement to clear up
more karma. During the election year of
1972, I was involved in a misguided attempt
to remain a national political leader of YIP
during the conventions in Miami Beach. In
that crazy activity I was in a gloup which
became involved in a factional fight with
another faction of YIP called the Zippies.
I went to Miami hoPing to create an
atmosphere to help McGovern. We set up
an office, and then I moved out to work as
a journalisL The office continued, doing

community work with old peoplg but no
sfueet demonst¡ations. In the end, the
majority of the money from the book
Vote which I helped write went to the
authors and not to YIP'
The Zippies came to Miami, in their
own words, "to make trouble-trouble for
McGovern, trouble for Nixon, trouble for
all politicians, left or right!" I used my
relationship with the media to help project
the idea that the Zippies were either
"police agents" or "police provocateurs,"
although I did not believe this at the time,
or now. Tom Forcadq Dana Beal, Pat
Small, and others
Unfortuna{ely, at the end of the sum'
mer, úarious people including these three

in.
-,,-,-,

I am to the sociepolitical system we live
And that makes life exciting .nqrcl;

A coauthot of

Lëah Fritz
17. ChangeS

20. Reviews
-

Cover: A student hoses down a wall at
the university of chile to clean off politi-

'fi}'}iåHii :Ê'"';;f#tlff,yåilffHlI;U;:,*

Voteresponds:

The world of teft-tonem¡a ís fitled wíth
out ín anguish
índivíduals whose souls
over deeds of øuld lang syne And it
mendable tlat Mn Rubìn should seek
ungnarl some of hß lørmaic lcnots.
There are, however, yye
{1c1ua! qrob'

ty

Allende.

STAFF

ít'cottti
to Maris Caþrs Susan Gakárs
't!
' l.
Chuck Fagcr Mary Mayo
,,
Mark Moriis St¡sair p¡n'es
,
letns in some Wr* oî Mr. Rub¡n's.sta.tement Þri¿ nor* Martha Tholnases
One of them ís in regard to the drision ol
.:
monies rece¡ved for the book Yote, which
waspublíshediith,¡oaofl97T UN¡NDICTED
.u,::j,,
'iii
¡i
. Àccordíns to whàt t always understood, COCONSPIRATORS ''
' uittil
' ',:
Mn Rubin's statement, was tliat the'
monies for Yote were sptit 50'50 between Lrnc. B.lvl¡s Jsrry colÍn Lydnc Cofin
Dlana Drvlcs Ruth Dgrr
. YIF dnd the authors It is so stated at thd '' Anil'oav¡dón Brlan
ooh€rtv sèth Foldv '
beginníngof Yote.Therefore, of a totatàdî!1ph olctt.
vance of 33,000 ¿ottars,"fiír;;;rä;;- 1 *¡¡1,i.îtf.i,nt""åTlto'".,,,t"T,1"3å'å *.."'rnn
prosefirutely 16,000 dollars, afr?r ileductiau':.'i,lái¡v.çz¡r ,B-.gky Joh¡son- ryancy.dohnson
p¡ui l'òÏii¡on"'Alllson Karp€l Crals-Ktrp€l ¡'
for agent'ifees Ireceiveda,to'ìàl oJ 5225
"dottãrs
as my share,
ry:rtt"_ú:y' È:il;ïn:;.1"::t'ffi[ 'üiiÎi"jì|fii:ik
"!d,;l\t
received the Mme fiã Ra¿-Ñd; igãi Boo¿cnro
Nancy Roscn .. assumed that Mr, Rubin
A¡lan Young-ï
'

,

'

tlat

.

was, however, my obsenation
wendy Schw'rtz Art waskow
woodward
Mr, Rubín was erer and continuølly zealous
to get as much nanev as poss;ible for hirc
seliput of theYote proiect. So it-is
-Box 547/ Rifton NcwYorik12471

It

Bl'rly

po*

Mr.

s¡tié, tnõusn I'm suie untíkely, that
Rubin míght have secwed some extra por'
tion of the proceeds which I never heard

a'bout, or from the proceeds of the YIP art
portfolío which I never heard øbout In that

unlíkely possibility he certaínly would have
nade armngements to send Abbie's sløre of
it to Abbíe or to Abbie's family. Accordüg'
ly, unless the above occuned, the splít re'
nuíns

5o50.

'"

.,

I

Telephonc 91+339.4585

th. fr3t

WIN It
by th¡

Lst 4'

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d. th. lv¡r

-fi,r,i#:rr'i,
WIN

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,.at

The CIA in Chile

UNDER THE CLOAK& BEI{IND,THE DAGGER
For many years previous to the election of Salvador
Allende, Chile had been the focus of much attention
from the United States. lt had always received abundant inflows of cash and arms; it was the showcase of
"democracy" for the Alliance for Progress, the testing
ground for the Peace Corps in Latin America, and a
focal point for the liberal economic programs of the
United Nations. This history, combined with the current alignment of forces within Latin America in
general, led the United States to the decision that its
main objective in dealing with Chile was of a political

nature.

1

The optimal scenario, as seen by the US ruling
class, would be to engineer the situation in such a
way that the overthrow of the Allende government
appeared to be the product of its internal inability
(and, most importantly, the inability of socialism) to
satisfy the people. Chile was to become the example
for the rest of Latin America that socialism does not
work-that it is not a viable alternative to capitalism.
ln other words, Chile was to be used to defeat the
example of Cuba. The importance of achieving this
political goal would mean that at least in the short
run, certain economic and military interests would
have

to

mittee approves all major clandestine operations
abroad. lt is here that the basic tenets of the plan
were decided upon. These included: 1 ) creation of
economic chaos aimed at alienating the petit bourgeoisie and the labor aristocracy while disrupJing thê
normal functioning of society; 2) use of paramilitary
actions to create an atmosphere of chaos; 3) support
for a well-oiled propaganda apparatus which would
be used to confuse the population ideologically and
to disseminate misinformation; 4) strengthening of
right-wing sectors through covert funding, advice and
resources supplied by the United States; and 5) debilitating and dividing the Left by exacerbating internal divisions and weaknesses created by reformist
politics. These activities would create the necessary
conditions for the three main prongs needed to cæry I
out the overthrow of the Unidqd Populor (UP) govern'
ment: the creation of a mass-based opposition, tlie
ideological ând practical preparation of the military
to ensure their successful intervention at the correct
moment, the weakening of the Left by fostering in-

'.:;:''

foreign offcers at the lnternational Police Academy.
CIA recruiters pay particular attention to military
personnel and students, both of whom are extremely
upwardly mobile in Latin American Society ánd could
provide a high-level government contaet in -the future.
-ñationaÉ
The foreign
recruited by the ClAtorm the
base of the resident structure and the key to.successful intelligence operations in the country. From 1960
to "1973 tens of thousands of Chileans participâted in
these exchange programs.

Between 1970 and 1973 the resident structure_in
Chile carried dut a wide range of "projects": one
case officer was in charge of overseeing the US plan
of economic sabotage, another made sure that CIA"þlanted stofies got iñdo the ChiÍëän press, another
oversaw the rietwork of "proprietaries" and conduits
set up by the Agency to funnel arms and money to
the right-wing and yet another had to make suie that
all political parties were being infiltrated on the highest level possible. ln fact, most of the CIA's covert
operations in Chile during the UP government were
within one of these four areas: the economic offen-

ternal divisions.

activity. The class war which was being waged between 1970-1973 was not primarily characterized by
armed struggle, but rather was an ideological war supported by tactical offensives in the economic and
psychological arena.
The formulation of the tactics to be üsed within
this overall strategy, was the work of the " Forty ComThis article is excerpted from a lbnger report by NACLA,
the North American CommÌttee on Latin America. The
complete report is avoilable for $'l from NACLA, Box 57,
Cathedral Stot¡on, New York, NY 10025. You can subscribe to NACLA's Latin American and Empire Report
for $1Aa year.

t'

.. ::..

'

:?

THE ECONOMIC OFFENSIVE
Essential to setting the gtage"for a'coup d'etat was
the creation of a mass base of opposition to the UP
government and the fomenting of a situation of
chaos which would justify military intervention. The
. economióoffênsivê was designed to achieve these
goals. At least three elements made up this offensive:
the "invisible blockade," the manipulation of the
world copper market and the priming of the black
market within Chile.
The United States, because of the degree of its
control over the Chilean economy in the past and its
dominance of international fi nancial organizations,
was able to play a critical role in the manipulation of
the Chilean economy between 197ù1973. The - -' -"
strategy involved both covert and overt actions, and
CIA specialists were crucial to, the carrying out and

coordination of the two levels.
The plan began to take shape even before Allende
became PresidenL On September 29,197O, William
head of Clandestine Services

Latin Agrerica, called Edward Gerrity of

THE CIA
The CIA structure is headed by the Resident whose
cover is generally that of an executive with a multinational company-a natural and universally usable
cover for US intelligence agents given the nature of
imperialism. Beneath.the Resident are a team of case
officers who are also US citizens and full-time employees of the Agency. ln Chile, the Resident receives
orders directly from the chief of the Latin America
Area Division of the Director of Operations in Wash,

ington. Each operation or type of operation which is
ordered by the CIA is designated a"projei,ct" and then
assigned to one of the case officers.
The job of the Resident and the case officers consists of building up in-country networks over the
years so that when they are needed they can be activated simply and quickly; Recruits are gathered
from a variety of places. Many are spotted in exchangç programs conducted by the State Departm€nt,
Al D,-USIA; Al FLD, private oiganizations, universities,
foundationi or ClAlsponsored training courses for

I lrtt¡i0ll

s

sive, paramilitary operations, funding and media
:, r"
operations.
\.,

V. Brog the CIA's

be set aside.

Once this political decision was taken, it was then
necessary tq implement that strategy. lf the overthrow of Aliende were to appear as añ internal failure,
the methods used by the United States to promote
this failure would have to be coverl The role of the
United States would have to be invisible. The situation in Chile was particularly suited to this kind of

4 WIN

a subcommittee of the National Security
Council. Headed by Henry Kissinger, the Forty Com-

mitteg"

lTÏ

for

to ar-

,1.
t4.
tr :z

range a meeting Previous to this, ITT had attempted
to get CIA'cooperatiojrfor a series of schemes without-accord i ñg to* téSti mon y.at the Senate heari ngs
on ITT-_much sUqcess. Now the CIA was approaching [T. The FOnty"Com,Sjq.ee. had. probably given '
goahead in its Septenibéi riìeettrrg.
' theBroe's
su$gestions to Gerrity at that meeting were
the essence of what became the "invisible blockade":
1) banks del4ying or not renewing credits; 2) companies delaying in sending payments and making
deliveries; 3) pressure put on savi¡rgs and Ioan associations to close down their operations in Chile; 4) withdrawal of technical help; and 5) approaching other
porporations with an interest in Chile to suggest that
they follow the same course of 'action. Despite the
fact that Broe and the clA deny that the plan was
ever put into action, this !s exactly what happened
during the next year. The capacity for the United
States to implement such a plan rested upon the
dependent capitalist structure of Chile vis-a-vis the
United States and the strength of US capital interna-

tionally.
WIN 5

The combined results of this strategy squeezed the
eco.nomy from both the production añá cónsumption
end. Although production in many areas incieased
duflng the years of the Up government, its full growth
was impeded in many sectoTs of the ecánomy'b..urrc
9r I ll9K.9l spare parts and capiral, withheld bv the
rnvrstble blockade. This caused serious conseqúen.es
tltTr ot many consumer items and services_par_
1f
trcularly transportation, as most Chilean buses were
rords-tt helped foment the hostile reaction of sec_
the.petit bourgeoisie toward the govórnment.
!gr.r 9f
r nrs ts eastty seen in the strikes of
the truck and taxi
owners who protested a lack of spare parts and
tires.
These-strikes, ¡n turn, were used by th; Rish;;s
the
basrs for creating a mass opposition to the
Up govern_
menL
The.plan to squeeze production and consumption
was to be complimented by an attack on Chile,s
main
sou.rce of foreign exchange, the sale of copper.
The
ClA.had long been knoy¡ io maniputare ãåÃmoOity
for the potiticat. b.enefir of rhe US iutìng ctais.
1111lejs
It tned every possible trick in the sugar market in
order to weaken the Cuban Revolutiãn. With copper
accounting for 80 percent of Chile's.exports, tfre
Cln

The offensive was mounting. The effects of the
economic offensive were beginning to have increasing_
ly poli tical ramifi cations.
. The third aspect of the economic offensive_the
stimulation of the black market_wasì-rnoi. .ompte^
matter. The CIA has always dealt on the cúrrency' --'
black market and has agents around the world whose

sole purpose is to trade-dollars fàr iorui.rii.nry
where.exchange rates are particularly gooJ.
tnis al_
lows ïle Agency to buy more for the money it is al_
lotted in its annual budget and to launder the funds
so they.cannot be traceã back to ClÀ nea¿áuarters
in Langle¡ Va. tn Chite, tf.,. ¡tã.t rnàiletîus us"¿
not only to support covert activities, but also to drain
money out of the economy.
PARAMI LITARY OPERATI ONS

.l971

of a huge quantity of electrolytic'.oppø
be produced in Chile over the next ten years.'How_
ever, this q_uantity represented far more co'pper than,
g_n,lhe salg

in reality, Chile could produce.
When it was notified by the bank, the Chilean
government said it knew nothing of îhe
Íansaction.
What was ir all abour? The effeci of tne áãí was
to

imply that Chile had afar greater,rppirãi"oppø
than it admitred to, a far gieater ,rpply'tÀun it u._

6 WIN

,I

I

"%

intervention in the democratii process in oráer to
prevent Allende,s confirmation as presídenL
At about the same time that Merriam was writing
to McÇo.ne, the main office of ITT received com_
munication from one of its r,pR men', in Chile. lt
said that the military would only intervenã if the
country's stab¡lity were sufficiently threatened and
that "the threat must be provided-one way or unolh"r¿

to

Dy the company.

q

Allende's assumption of the presidency st¡ll could be
prevented, William Merriam wrote
John McCone (lTT
executive and former head of the CIA) in Octobei
'1970 and referred to his last meeting with people
from the Agency. "Approaches
iJLe made
to select members of the Armed"ontlnr"
Forces," he wrote,
"in.an attempt to have them lead some íort of up '
rising-no success to date.,' One of the obstacles to
this 1'success" was Army Commander in Chief,
General Rene Schneider. While he was not Dro_
Marxist, Schneider refused to permit uny rnilitury

March
the Banque populaire S¿risse re
ceived a deposit from rhe ZuricnllasÀ¿ lñieiÃor¿¡a
Finance Corporation. The company ø¿ il.,ãi ti,
..rf.,
deposit represented its ,,exclusive *ortJ rnonopoly;; '

tually.had. Given the factlhat the worid copper mar_
ket is extremely sensitiy'e ro supply un¿ ¿.rñín¿,
news of the existence of a new's'oúrce of copper
would have sent copper prices plummetine. ïnd each
clrop ot one cent in the price of copper over a yrur
cos.ts.Chile approximately $10 míliiòn in lost
revenues.
Within.a few.days, the police in Santiago had arrested a North American, Howard C. Edwärds, a
Swiss citizen and two Argentines for th;ir ;J; in thís
plol Edwards, arresred iñ his room in ttlé Hãiel Car_
rera-a Sheraton hotel whích seems to have been a
favorite haunt of CIA operatives_was foun¿witn
papers pertaining to thecopper deal as well
as iden_
trl¡cation confirming him as an lntelligence Officer of
the US government.
When this covert attempt to destroy Chile,s cop
per market failed, the United States wâs forced
to
resort to more overt methods. ln October 1972 the
ec.onomíc offensive was coordinated w¡th mass mo.
bilizatíons by.opposirion for.às ànã u pãiiiiãiior.n_
sive by opposition congressional leadeis. As the
streets of Santiago filled. with striking truck drívers,
shop keepers, bank workers and meribers of the merchant marine,.the Congress met to begin impeach_
ment proceedings against four of Alleñde,s ðabinet
members. At the same time, in paris, Kennecott in_
troduced litigation to block the sale'of Chílean cop
per abroad, arguing that the copper was still
owned

.t

After the election of Allende in September 1970, sectors within the CIA in coordinatíon with ITT felî that,

could not resisl

.ln

ð

,

women' Pinochet
Thisoctoþer 1972 economic offenslve included this mass mobll¡zatlon of middle and upper class
r€cen¡y announced ttr"t tn"ì¡úniå'*äi òiã.Ñns ió uu¡to a national monument to the "ch¡lean woman."

sination ploq, rushed to his house to burn any incriminating dscuments. Viaux had been in steady
contact ovér'a period of time with the United States
and, in particular, Berrellez and Hendri¡..1n fact,
whén Viaux met with the two, he "wai'given verbal
assurance that he would receive material help and
support from the United States." But despite the
präðautions which he took, Viaux was later arrested
ior his participation in the crime.
"Opóration'Alfa," as the plan to kidnap Schneider
was called, was a plot by the Right to create a s¡tua'
tion of teiror in Chile and then blame it on the Lefl
The reactionaries had hoped that this'mighüþiove to
be the provocation necessary to encourage the-mili"
tary to step in and prevent the confirmation of Allen'de as Piesident by Congress. lnstead, tlte Élan was
uncovered and quickly revealed by the Left- Allende
ãeman¿ed a change in the head of lnvestigations (the
Police Department), Luis Jaspard De Fonseca, who

through provocation,'
ITT's "PR man,, was, in reality, a CIA asent_ .
Robert Berrellez. Berrellez had wãrked forïany
years as an Associated Presj,reporter. He spent good
a
qalt of_th.g years berwee n 1959 and 196"1 in Havina, Cuba" Following the Bay of pigs invasion. Berrellez'
was expelled from the ísland and soon left his job at
Af to join ITT's public relarions departmeni. Í,Vittr
this new cover he arrived in Santíago in 1 970 along
with Hal Hendrix, also of lTT, to ,ireport,' on thesrtuatton tor the company.
Berrellez must have seen in General Schneider

what seemed to be the perfect opportunity for a

" provocatiotl.t'

_ .lt

is

the morning of October 22, 1970, General

Schneider's car is on its usual rouó to his office. Sud_
denly, he is surrounded by four other cars and, within moments, shot and fatally wounded. As the am_
bulance n¡shes him to the ruíititary Hoipiiil, tf," ,.n
i nvot ved i n h is assassi nati on
Uejií to ;¿;l;";.Juan .Luis Bulnes, later provõd to be among those
responsible for Schneider's death, headed imriediately
for the airpo¡L There he picked úp his tícket for
Buenos Aires which e¿rlier had be'en reserved for him
ín th.e.name of Roberî Berrellez Berrellez, hìmself,
would
:oon fly_on to Buenos Aires, beforË Bulnes de.
parted^for his final destination_thé United
States.
As Sch.neider
tay in rhe hospiiái'inl *ru,
^KoDPr.r vraux, a sriil
retired right-wing army general who
was later proven to be the ring leader oî ihe ass"s-

t-

with the ClA.'Shortly there
after arrest warrants were issued for Viaux, Bulnes
and others involved in the plot including th¿two
sons of Guillermo Carey, a vice president of Anaconda Copper ComPanY.
As the Right was quickly to learn, masl.support
for the UP government was too strong to allow it to
be overthrown by an individual terrorist action. Paramilitary act¡ons would have to be increasingly wellplanned and executed. And they would have to be
õoordinated with the opposition's mass agitations.
With the failure of the Schneider assassination Potrio
y Libertod was formed to carry out this plan.
was believed to have ties

i
i.

'l

Over the years, the CIA has put together a.number
of armiev-the fàmous Meo Tribesmen in Laos, the

Bolivian Rangers who assassinated Che, a special
- "'
army team in Peru in the mid-sixties which was "^formed to fight the Peruvian guerrilla movement,
and many more. Since 1962 over 600 Special Forces
training teams, on loan to the ClA, have been sent to
Laün Ãmericá The Special Operations Division (SOD)
of the CIA oversees these activities.
The material needed by the SOD is obtained'from
thê ClAds Office of Logistics which operates vast
warehouses of weapons for just such purposes. A good
part of the C{A's material comes from the US Army;
ihe rest-a sisnif¡ðänt portion-comes from privaté
arms cornpanies, in particular, the lnternational
Ar mamen t CirÞòrati on ia.$.| e¡an { ria, V irgi nia. B ut
befqre -the rpcruiting, training ähd è'upplying can be- ' ¡
':
gin,'Patria
army must be created.
- an'internal
y Lìbertod was that army in Chile. The formation of Patria y Libertad was ofücially announced
in March 1971 by Pablo Rodriguez, then acting as
lawver for Roberto Viaux. lts pNlosophy was based
on áaüonal syndicalism, preaching the creation of a
corooratist state under the control of an authoritarian
igov'ernmenl lt was, in other words, fascist. The
Þolitical Directorate of the group included the country's most powerful industrial and landed interest:
Béniamin Matte, president of the National Society of
Agrículture (SNA), Orlando Saenz, president of the
Nãtional Soiiety öf Manufacturers (SOFOFA) and
former economic advisor to the Junta, Horge Fortaine, '
president of the Confederation of Production and
WIN 7.

.!,

C.ommercg and a number of retired military leaders
like Viaux and General Canales.
. Pgtr|a ylibertod worked borh publicly and clandestinely. The, public side concentiated piimarily on
propaganda which was disseminated to a wide aúdience through a chain of radio stations headed by
Radio Argicultura" These stations were used both to
spread misinformatiod further contributing to the
creation of chaos with¡n the country and also to send

out coded paramilitary

messag'es.

The clandestine front involved paramilitary training intel ligence, i nfi ltration and coordination wi th
the gremio movement to organize strikes, sabotage
and terrorist acts. This side of the organiiation was
run similarly to early Nazi groups inGermany. To become a member the individual underwent an elaborate
sysje.n of intelligence checks, indoctrination classes,
training in arms and communications, and for the
more proven cadre, classes on explosives and intelli:
gence gathering. The military apparatus of patrio y
Libertod was divided into ceils-irainins squadrons.
death squads, and_shock troops. Ex-militaiy off¡Ciais,
many graduates of the lnternational police'Academy
or the Army School of the Americas, gave the classes.
ln.the.fall o.f 1973, out of 201 studenls in the Army
School of the Americas, 53 were.Chilean. Now they

are rece¡ving courses in-counterinsurgency rather than

terrorist tactics.

W¡th the success of the UP in the April 1971 municipal elections, Patrio y Libertod went into action,
and the US appartus to support it was moved into
place O¡e of the first chañges was the replacement
of US Ambassador Korry by Nathaniel Davis. an expert in the use of paramilitary forces.
An important element in US intelligence activities
in foreign countries is always advice. Because of their
vast exper¡ence in counterinsurgbncy and overthrowing governments, CIA men bring an ïmportant ex_
pertise to each ne-w,experience.Íhey aiso bring the
vast knowledge of the particular country, gathered
over.the. yeql: by their information gathéri-n g appara_
tus. US intelligence and paramilitary expertúiàö¿
the Çhilean right-wing in every way'posiible.
_ The CIA's in-country team in the US Embassy in
9qttiæq maintained direct contactwith potria y
Lìbertad. Ambassador Davís had frequent ,.ãtÍng,
with both Orlando Saenz and pablo iìodriguez.
Jðseph
Vasille, using the welt-known CtA cover oíifrã úS Oîfice of Pu.blic Safety Advisor-the same covei used by
Dan Mitrione in Uruguay-was finally expelled from
Chile for his relarions with patria y L¡Oeita¿. With his
knowled.ge.of paramilitary affairs ãnd specific access
to knowledge about the kinds of purarititary
ment available from the United Siates, Vasilíe "quif
wäs'of
great aid to the group.
ln addition to contacts on an official level with the
_
United States and with the Chilean
ü.r",Potria y LÌbertod also began to set up
"ornrnrnity
an appaiatus of
support_ th roughou t Latín-America-in the' strongholds of US imperialism, Brazíl and Bolivia w.i" pur_

ugurarty rmportan both countries having military
.t.
dictatorships, installed after Ugsupporteã couo
d'etats. Right-wing Brazilian groups, with close connections ro rhe United States, offäréd $g miilion to
Potrlo y Libertad and a force of some 500 men, Arms
were also shipped in under cover of business transae
tions between the Brazilian and Chilean bourseoisies.
One important example of this was the nrrnuiãr,

I

WrN

shipments of arms which entered Chile in boxes of
Si Cafe, a company owned by pedro tbanez.
Corltacts for arms and money were also made with
the right-wing.in Argentina. Thé numeroL, Ct,n op"rutives working in Argentina were instrumental in shori1q up this apparatus as well. Mosr importantly,:the
U.S.Aryy base in Mendoza, Argentina (on the'óorder
with Chile) was. used by thê ClÁ as a còver for paramilitary operations. At the time of the coup in'Chile,
there were 22 US Air Force planes at the air base
there, an inordinate amounl
Ge_ttjng
Tgngy and arms to paramilitary groups is
something which the United States cannot dó aíiectly
in the same manner in which they support fascist
governments. When the Right is not in pòwer, covert
means must be created to support iL One of the ways .
this is done is_through the use of ,,proprietaries',front companies which act as funnels and covers for
the Central lntelligence Agency. These fronts can be
export/import companies, travel agencies, or small :
research companies, to name a few. One óf the CIA's
,b:l*ng*l'.proprietaries, was Southern A ir Transport
(SAT). ln Victor Marchetti,s words, SAT is. ,,the
Agency's air arnf for potential Latin Amerióan interventions." With Headquarters in Miami, SAT received
its fu.nds through a conduit called Actu! Technology.
Southern Air Transport was active in the Conso in"'
"1961, in the Bay
of Pigs, in Venezuela and in -Bolivia.
ln'197'1, SAT, began flying into Chile. Whenäsked
what they were unloading, SAT crew members answered "n¡91tr"_not a well-known Chilean import
from the United States at that tirne. Flights côntinued
regularly until the time of the coup.
Patria y Liþertad leader Roberto Thleme ls tecl into court in
August 172 followlng a two month manhunt. Thieme coordinated thè ¡mportat¡on of arms by way of the US Army
Base ¡n Mendoza, on the Chtle/Argentina border.

Another means of getting arms into the csuntry
covertly is to use a US Army cover, and then simply

redistri'bute the arms once they have entered. When '
not using this method, the CIA can also use private

which are éither CIA covers'or which will

"ompun'ós
same
be giad to work with''the Agency for a price. The
; t?
is tiue of small,teamsof gun runners; '
All of this equipment requires training and sQme
197'3,ierr.o.rlst ac'
sort of expertise. By ir-rä ióiï"e
"f high and inbluded
tivities haà been escalated to i new
bo mbi

'

n

United

"'

gs, sabotage

of

el

ectr ical pl ants,

-ft

i

ghways,

water systems, and attacks on the LefL As the terrorist acts became more serious an{ ryere used not only
as propaganda-to create an atníosþhere of ch¿os-but
ãtió ti, i"nfliðt reat damage bn the economy, a'higher
degree of skill was needed to carry ther¡ ou[.oMichael.
Townley had that skill. Recruited whqn he was in the
Peace Corps in Chile, Townley returnJd as ap advisor
for the CIA to work with Potrio y Libertad' ln early
1973, he and five members of a terror squad from the
organization attacked the Electrical Service Center in
Concepcion, They were trying to cut off UP govern'
ment TV broadcasts to Concepcion by destroying
one electrical component of a complex system. lt
was a highly technical job requiring both skill and
good equipment. Bul the project failed. TV broadðasts to the city were only disrupted for a short time. '
Furthermore, the terror squad had hastilylbound and '
gagged the night watchman at the center and he suffocated to death, creating tremendous public indignation against the attackers. Townley was picked up
with the other five men but eventually fled to the

States.

I
T

1

Members of the US military also lent their eípertise to the counter-revolution. ln late May 1973three
staff members of the US Embassy met with officers of
'the Chileah Navy and Army oäboaid Chilean naval
vessels docked in. the port of Arica. Fiom that point
oñ there was'at least one US Naval lntelligence Offcer
on every major Chilean Navy ship. Finally, it was dur'
ing this same period that a US Marinerteam from
Panama visited Chile.

of Salvador Allende.

from Henry Kissinger, who was then serving as adon naiional seluiity to President.Richard Nixon'
viser
'

i'i¡

¿on;tsee why we need to stand by and y¡tgh--. gá óottí,uniti due to the irrespónsibìl"r'ty
its own peoPle.'
of"orrittv
The strength which the right-wing was able-to
maintain in õnile throught the years of the UP Govern'
mànt facilitated its ability to use all sorts of conduits
ånd engage almost openly in seditio-us activ.ity.. The
ðiuir alÏiu"nce forged many years before with the US
imperiâtists gave'it the strength necessary to regain
power, alleast in the short-run.

AÀ essential requirement of these paramilitary ac'
tivities-as well as the other varieties of subversion
carried out by the Chilean right-wing-waç funding'
People working underground had to be supported.,
Those arms not donated by the United States and
Brazil had to be purchased and radio stations had to

funded, åll of which was expensive.
With the testimony of CIA director William Colby
before the House Armed Services Subcommittee on
lntelligence, we now know that the Forty Committee
approved the expenditure of at the very least $8 million for covert activities of the CIA between 1970
and 1973 in an effort to "destabilize" the UP governmenl Colby stated that the Forty Committee
authorized the expenditure of $1 million fér "further
political destabilization" in August 1973, just a month

THE MED¡A

be

before the coup.

Seymour Hersh of the New York Tirhes quoted
"well informed sources" as saying that much of a
chapter on Chile ,in Victo¡ Marchetti's book The CIA
ond the Cutt of tntell¡gence is a part of the material
pre-censored by the courts.'The CIA had requesteT
the court order on the grounds of national security.
t'As initially written," the sources said, "the book's
chapter on Chile began with the following quote

:

u

FUNDING

,

R odemor/LNs'

Prooaeanda. disðeminated through what ii; called a
.ãüiiïoouftnìi;.ls án i¡hportani {ront in the ideq'

.
'

loeical siiussle. ideological clarity helps to unite peo-- ^
''
plã an¿ pripärt them fór the mass and armed struggle'
people's
consciousness
.
Þropaganda is used to shape
and'iniite them to action. The ruling class understands
ttrii very well. ldeological warfare is one of the battle
fronts with imPerialism.
Revolutioni cannot succeed without the defeat
and destruction of the reactionary forces. The Right
was never defeated in Chile. They continued to wage
an intensive ideological battle, with the aid of US imperialism, throughout the years of the UP governmenl
This strulgle took place on both a covert and an overt
fevel. To't-he extent that the Left did not achieve
iãeôiog¡cat clarity and unity, the Right was a.ble to
make fains. To the extent that the Right ma.intained
a solideconomic base within the society and received

wtN

9

=t

,l

þ

I
I

'*

r

V#

t#

4

t

T

pa¡gn against nationalization which included,ôoth

ry

i

li

l
i

"#þ
tnÞ,]

þ

r

Stri kinq t ruc k owne r5 gather âround a
'com mon ot" d uf in9 one of thei r str¡kes which cripptecl
The truc kers' str¡ ke
the c h llean econ omy.
A ugust 73 ls sa¡d to have cost n ea
rly $7 mi on. 35 thousand ìruckers were pald
fo 45 days.

$3-$5

the

ilpport of the Uníted States they

were able to

continue these activities.
. Just as the United States constructed the Organizæ
tion of American Srates (OAS) ¡;an;i;.;;r r"
politicatty_conrrot Larin Àrn"ri"u, inJ,rppãitì
Onlr
and AIFLD in order to spread bañkrupt üSluUo,
ideology, so it has constiucred an apfãiatus
to at_
tempt to control culture and ideology. The United
States
.lnformarion Agency (US I n), ?ãunããJin r gsS
at tne hetght of the Cold War, is oÀe of these overt
mechanisms. One-quarter of úSlA,s world_wiJe
bud_
get was spent in Chile in 1961. USIA
disseminated
films to TV stations, tapes to radio stations, eJitorials

¡o newspapers and magazines and a host of

miscel_

reacr¡o,nary. propaganda. Much of this propalllrgrtw_a^s_u^s1d_during
Frei's campaignin

Fand,a

1964. Dur_

channet 1 3-TV (Th;cailroñc uñ¡våriit!;i

ii.ti"n)

lng the 197.G73.period, USIA coritiriued to disiribute
r¡s matenal to the right-wing medía, in particular

10 WIN

a

day

and El Mercurio, the right wing daily newspapér.
I he lnter-American press Assocíation
1inÞn) is
Tgt¡.er tentacle of US imperialism in Latin Am'erica.
IAPA's.vice president' untjl 1972, wasÀÀustin E¿_
wards.ïe w_as replaced by Rene Silva Espejq presi_
oent ot Lt Mercur¡o, The Board of Directors of lApA_
which was long ago denounced as a CIA front-is
|gqvity dominated by the major media'interests in the
unrted States including representatives of both the
Hearst and. Knight chaín of papers, and TV and radio
statt-ons. IAPA held its annual convention in Santiago
i.n 1972 and used that forum to mount attacks on
the
UP.government and give the right-wing credibility. ln
a fltttng move,
.IAPA gave its annual award that year
to Jorge Fontaing
an edítor of El Mercurio,
US advertising agencies also played an ímportant
.
role,_ particularly.the age!19y which was crucial during
the coup in Brazil in 1964. Marplan, the Latin Amerl
can division of McCann Erickson, orchestrated a cam-

printed matter and films which were shown in
mothers' centers and the iuntos de vecinos (neighborhood centers). The objectives of the plan are stated
most concisely in Marplan's own descrlption: "lt is
necessary to destroy'the image of the State as patrgn;
it is necessary to stimulate the sense of pro¡iefty
among workers, a feeling which already has beÇn
shown among the peasants. . ."
:
ln addition, there are several forms of covert activities which relate to the media: "disi¡formation,"
black propaganda, coded communications and incite
ment to counter-revolutionary aitivity. All were used
-,
in Chile.
t!
propaganda
is
dissemination of false in'
the
1. Black
formation meant to influence people's opinio¡s and
move them to action. Overseen by the;Çovert Action
Staff of Clandestine Services and usirllthe skilts of
sociol ogists, psychol ogi sts, h istorians and med la
. specialists, these CIA experts have long practiced this
arL The CIA has been caught disseminating false
Tupamaro documents, redesigning OSPAAL posters
to make it look like leftist part¡es are fighting among '
themselves, and forging numerous varieties of docu'
ment5. ln Chile, black propaganda took many forms.
One use was in the creation of shortages. Right-wing
radio stations would broadcast alarms sayi¡g that the
supply of one item or another was runninfoul Peo
ple would dash from their houses and buy up large
quantities of the item so as to have a supply. ln
reality this would create the shortage.
2, "Disinformation" is thé subtle distortion of reality.
The right-wing press practicei thii daily. For example,
in'1973 reactionary papers furiously attacked the UP
for proposing a restructuring of the education system
.., knownãs thé Escueta NacionalÜnifrcadø (ENU). As
the reporting grew stronger, reactionary secondary
. school children held a demonstration on the steps of
the National' Library of Santiago and pròceeded to
run through the streets of Santiagq breaking store
windows, setting fires, and overturning cars. All of
this to protest the government's educational plan. ln
realit¡ however, the plan had been withdrawn weeks
before, but this was not reported in the papers.
El Mercurio, the newspaper of the Edwards which
was managed by Rene Silva Espeio-one of the
founders of the Chilean Nazi Party-was a key part,of
the campaign of disinformatíon. As such, it was aided
by CIA agents placed on the paper's staff. Alvaro Puga,
one such agent, was in charge of the propaganda cam'
paigns of the paper. He was also a conduit f9¡ the
placing of stories written by the CIA experts back in

the States. Pusa eventually achieved such success at
his iob that hãbecame a member of the reactionary
Central Operative Command which directed the coup
d'etat.
3. lncitement to action. The CIA usually reaches its

propagandistic heights with the founding of a sg
called-Rodio Liberácion similar to the one which was
5o totally unsuccessful during the B?y of Pigs invasion.
Once again, Michael Townley, PeaceCorpsman'turned'

CIA-paramilitary-expert, was the protagonist of this'
activity in Chile. Thè fir t attempt at founding an
anti-governm ent Rad io Liberocion occurred during
the October 1972 strike by the gremios' Townley,
with the aid of Manuel Fuentes, began broadcastingwith the use of highly sophisticated equipment-a
plan forthe overthrow of the government. While the
plan wa3 not successfùl at the time, Townley gained
some experience which he would put to use later.
4. Coded messages were consistently broadcast over
right-wing radio stations throughout the years of the
UP.governmenl ln the early dáys messaËe-s were quite
síriõple. For example, right-wing radios contâcted networks of reactionary women over th-e air to advise
them where they colld obtain scarcé goods so4hat '^
they could suppiy themselves and lièlp create further
shortages. As the time passed and the level of class
struggle increased, messages took on more of a tdctical and paramilitary nature. Roberto Thieme's il'
legal reentry into Chile was broadcast in a code as
well as Pinoqhetls incor.póration into the counter'
revolution.

t

CONCLUSION
US imperialism is on the defensive. lt cannot defend
'of its empire militarily; it must use other means. ln
all
South America, in particular, the form of warfare is
covert. We have lived through military coups in
Guatemala, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay and now ChjLç, - .
But the war continues.
Like any other battle, covert warfare embodies a
strategy and tactics; to defeat it we must begin to
underst¿nd both better. This study was done to fry
and delineate some of the strategies and tactics of
US imperialism: we study history to understand the
present so that we can shape the future.
The Vietnamese describe US imperialism as a
wounded tiger which is being defeated but is, nevertheless, all tñê more,Ëiocious.in its dying stage. This

ferociousness is being unleashed in Latin America and
around the wp-rldrilally. But the people aré gaining ,
sffength and wiÌ1'dêfeat'ii, :Lo Resitlenc ia Vo !

.'

I . .

vtva la
democl.aClA
-*;€
/a¿¿Zf
Vad il lols lem prelLNS,

-

wlN l1

I
The demonstrators seized the initiativeåt the very
beginning of the conference and held it for the next
three days. At the first session on October 16th,
Rosenstein-Rodan had hardly finished his opening remarks when protestors interrupted with denuncia.
tions and chants. :
,, ,. . tt
When,the next session began that afternoon, several
BU policemen were én hand to keep out uniiìvited
guests. This didn't stqp the protestors, however, who
broke through the guard and occupied thè çonference
auditorium. Rosenstein-Rodan, who throughout ap
peared unusually wary of meeting opponents on a
facetoface basis, then luspefdëd the conference.
It was at this point, according to newspaþer reports, that Rosenstein-Rodan traveled downtown to

Pollce rough. up
Steve Kiersh,
one of the seven
demonstrators arlested.
Photo Alan Bergstein.

/LlcNamara, Frei
Blocked from BU
Conference
MICHAEL T. KLARE
Boston,Universit¡ like.most US colleges, has
had few
malor demonstrations since the Vietn;m'*ir, ;tn¿J,,,
and.most campus officials assumed tnai inela¿ical
student movement was^dead.. ncting ãn i'trir'fr.mis",

BU's_Cenrer for Larin American oéirìäpr*ríi
Str¿ies (c LA D.s ) sh ed i ts,, I ow- proäs; ierìiå
ä"i' in"ir"¿
Tormer Uh.ttean president Eduardo Frei
and World
öank pres¡dent Robert S. McNamara to
Boston Oc_
lober 1G18 for a rhreeday

Developmenr in Larin America
"";i;;;;;oT"Ërinori,
ttul*áJàluu. ¡n-

ct uded.

represenrarives of

chite,i iui¡"J,ji¡iåiv

irnt".
Frei and McNamara never made ¡i ï"'iü.
iiû
pus. Anti-.iunta demonstrators staged
tllräe-Aãvs of
militant proresrs rhat astonisheJ ,ilñ;-;Ji;lcos
and,
lgpnletelv overwhet med ttre C t_ADS'corifJience. The
8U adminisrrarion-caughr ør"llV ãrf
¿räiã'Ou tt

lerv,or of

rh

e de mon srruìio nr_

rãít

*r¿"

m

Frei home and cailed in Boston{ À"rãii"r,
"ñ.ääri"
iä.ti""l
Patrot Force (rel)to retieve hairieãi"Ãpu
olirrmen. Before rhe TpF was puiled out, ,ðãiãiäírtr-

dents had been beaten, seven were arrested
and

cLADS had become tóturiv
pus community.

írorutà;'i;il#ï"r-

ln order to understand how BU became the
site of
such.unexpecred
tle bit abour
Rosen ste

i

ø i"åïiiit_
cLADS and íts dir;¿i;;, þiãrärrä puul
evenrs,

it

ís necessãiy

n Rodan. Tou ted u, tt

*-l¿,i

authority on devetopmental econom
"

iãää"i"g

iäi É,"'r*iir¡"_

Kooan ts a tormer Alliance for progress official
and
consujtant ro rhe World eank, the öicã"¡r"iiä"
American Srares, and orher i nternat¡ãäi'ãiËuî "f
iräii

a

"nr.

Michael T, Ktare is o staff member of the North
American Congress on Latin
iñÅõi¿'l'/ on¿
a gruduate student ot Boston llniversiiy..

Ar"n*

12

---

it

ano credtts for the Pinochet regime.
tl.
^
Backe.d by lucrative grants fîom the Rockefeller
roundation,
the World Bank and the OAS, Roseirstein-Rodan has buitt CLADS into a majJi,àit"r
for
research on economic development in
Lätin-Ãmerica.
.Althou.gh CLADS inrisrs thai their wort< ii Lniir"ty
aporiricar i" náúø
Ëü .r,ur.g,
y
T1:.,1: 9r.n ter ìs. pro moti ng a,, model" of develop_

'î:i3l'llg

;;ù;iái

ment that ¡mplicitly endorses the repressive
labor
p_"]t¡]i gf the h?Tile¡ere,s mititary dicrarorships.
rnd.eed, the guest list for the BU conferenóe
incÍuded
l"^o-":lq^qTp9s, rhe archirecr "r il å-brär¡Iiän ¡unta,s
:conomt9.policies, and Raul Saez, a civilian economist
y.:i['"s for rhe ju.nta in Chite (as it turned our,
)aez was too preoccupied with Chile,s economic
cnsls to attend the meeting),
lvhi.le BU activists have-lbng known of Rosenstein_

i::

ex

rracurr icutar

altivitïa, ttr;t ;;å'ãffi iltry

üii J'J ti :33åïlåît :f ,: nai ;: :g f"ciJ-'
changed.alt thar suddenlv

ù'

â,'

ir oãiãÃ, JËåi'ö'rn"nv

people that BU was ínvotved
in uñ

plex strategy ro tegirimize

éiuuãütãïd

com_

tñ. p¡noirl"iiJËirå'un¿ to

assemble.the hundreds of millions of
ãollars in
toans and credits needed to keep the junta
in power.
l1.e-qrly october, several.campu, g:;rpr_¡ü¡r¿¡n,
,
tI".Cliþ Acríon Gioup and il.,, n"uõlriiãnuiï-str_
oent Brrgade-met and agre_ed to mount a
united struggle againsr rhe CLADS cónference.
Oth;
¡üstä"
area groups were asked to join the
demonstr4tions.

opinion against CLADS.
At a mass meeting the next day, October'1 8th,
hundreds of students pledged to press the ç.ampaign
against CLADS and to support a new roster of de
mands including the dropping of charges against the
seven protestors arrested on the 17th, and the dismissal of Vice President Finn. CLAD$, meanwhile,
held its final session in secrecy and cancelled a press
conference when several hundred students converged
on the CLADS office.
t¿
While it is too early to estimate the strength of the
new rnovement, it is quite clear that the anti-junta
demonstrations not only succeeded in disprediting the
CLADS operation but also helped forge a new spirit
of militancy on campus. More important, perhaps, the
protests helped creaüe a new consciousness about the
US role in Chile and Latin America that goes beyond
the obvious horrors of Vietnam to focus on such
subtle mechanisms as aid, loans, investments and other
covert forms of intervention.

a useless knowing, but

It is not.true that things remain
though, in the ult¡mate
it ¡s true
( a useless knowing,.bu!
that it bear us up).
The fact is

different grasses fill eacþ.space,

fits blocked the auditorium. Only students with

Rosenstein-Rodan has ùritten several widely_

(

bears us uP).

It is not true that things remain
though in the

When the conferençe resumed the next day, minus
its principal speakêrs, a heavy police guard in'riot out-

special passes were allowed to enter,'and BU Vice
President Daniel J. Finn was on hand to monitor the
situation. After a noon rally, the protestors marched
to the auditorium and formed a picket lþe. When the
afternoon session was scheduled to begin, a hundred
demonstrators surrounded the police guartling the
entrance and linked arms, annquncing that "no one
gets in unless we all get in!" After enduríng 15 minutes
of shoqtíng and chantin!, ttìe BU guards broke ranks
and attacked the protestori. On'e student was dragged
ínto the auditoríum and clubbed unconscious-reportedly with the assistance of Vice Presídent Finn.
When students began reforming their lines, Finn
called in the TPF.
According fo witnesses, the TPF "went beserk"
upon reaching the campus, charging into demonstratois and spectators alike. (Many qbservers speculated that the TPF was only too happy to club students, after having been stationed in predominently
lrish South Bosto¡l-where they had been obliged to
protect black school children from rock-throwing
gangs of white youths during Boston's school integration struggle.) By bringing such a brutal fprce on campus, the BU administration acknowledgeð the collapse
of its moral authority and helped mobilize_student

is true

that it

Ritz

quoted articles blaming Allende's economic-inépti_
tude for rhe coilapse oÍ the tJnidod p;;;i";
*ou"rn_
ment, and researchers at the North AmericañCongress on Latin America.rg33rd
him as a cential figure
in rhe',iyn,3 tobby,' *hírü ì;;;ti;ãiã iãliäii
1""",

n_e_rp

It is not true that'things remain'
though, in the ultirnalg

the Carleton-Ritz Hotel to tell:McNamara àTrd Frei '
that BU had lost control of the situltion and that they
would have to skip the conference. Both lèfttown the
next day afler an evening banquet at the Carleton-

ln the past year he has made five trips to Chile
to ad_
vrse rhe Junta on economic.matters, and
in fanuary he
urged the Center for lnter-American prãgreíi (ðlipï"
to endorse a $800 million US loan/invesiment'pact-,
age to keep the military regime aflôaL

^
Ro9gl'!

MOOT

exchange.

t1'

the birds this year

-

are not the same as last
had we but sense

of their generation, could we but mark
:

*.-'

.:

as

..,the¡r. sèparate.faees

our own

returns here, yet grows older.
The fact is that the grasses seem

to blow the

same,

each bird

turns round familiarly

;

lest that we look too close

It

is some way our selves remain
what we left is gone.

' -Toby Otson

AESTHETTCS 30 (AUGU ST l't97 3l

¿

ç'

Given the côncerns of these months
so

coniinon

'^'*t "*oÊthéìway,.
fneR.compromise

themselves and their friends,
strange
that all is not vanity.

Their wives
are excluded from the,act,
so sad
that we cannot imagine
that they touch each other, even ':
that they tilt toward each other
in public places

-Toby

Olson

wtN
WIN 13

T

,itf

DAIS

t

COLry sOPH IE& LEO
AN OPEN LETTER TO ANDREA DWORKIN, ET. AL.

t

LEAH FRITZ

I have a female dog and some years ago she decided
a cocker spaniel. Actually, we picked
out the cocker spaniel for her, because the vet said
she should mate with someone slightly smaller, to be
sure her puppies would be eæy todeliver.
So Colb¡ the cocker spaniel arrived one dav with
the woman he lives with, and he and Daisy loo'ked

to mate wíth

each other over. They sniffed at each other a lot.
Very soon,_Colby was rarin' to go, but Daisy wasn,t
leady yet. So as he started to mòunt her, sh'e sat down.
Colby had to try again.
He licked her face, he licked her ears, he licked her
.bottom.
Hetried again. Daisy sat down again. Colby
continued his gentle persuasion, and Daiñ respondód
with licks and sniffs of her own, but she tót ColUy
know quite firmly that she wasn't ready to mate.'This
mutual courtship process went on for the best part of
an hour in our livingroom. Then, suddenly, Dâisy
made up her mind. She turned to Colby w'itn a look
which seemed to say "follow me," and led him into
our bedroom. There, on our bed, she invited him to

enter her.

the way of female and niale dogs, they hooked
.rntolneach
other

and remained so for about half an
hour. During this time, a number of people dropped
rn to vistt us, and as they arrived, Colby and Daisy,
linked like Siamese twins, ran to'the dóor to sreet
them. Eventually, with a squeak and sori'le mõre licks,

they separated from each other.
. Colby came by several times thatweek, and

each

time he and Daisy become enjoined more quickly.

Two month later Daìsy delivered seven puppies,
and that was the end of her heterosexual séx i¡ie. '
Now she lives with one of her daughters and the
people in our family. When she comes in heat, she
mounts her
or one of us, and goes through
-daughter
a rhythmic fucking ritual. Sometimes sñe has a faÉe
pregn¿ncy, complete with wet nipples and imaginary
pup_pies which she guards faithfuily in a closet.'
Colby has moved away, and peihaps he has beenil
-invited
to mate with other dogs, perhaps not. But
one thing ldo know: in spite of his male persìsiønce,
he hos not become an imperiolist cocker ipaniel.
There is a whole world of animals, of which the
l.rT.un.¡.r only one species. They are, generally,
orvrded tnto two sexes, and among mammals, the
mating process is usually similar. yet the onlv imperialist mammal is the human male.
So I don't think imperialism is connected with the
hardness of a man's penis nor the act of fucking, whatever the position of the consenting partners duiíng
th.e.act, and whether or not the mãn is performing"it
wíth a woman or another man.
Some women prefer making love to women. Some
women. prefer making love to men; Women who enjoy
sex with men appreciate an erected penis, at least part
of.the time. They also appreciate having áttention
paid to their whole bodies, and many men enjoy such
attention, too. A free woman will not fuck untii she
wants tq and occasionally this can be before the man
is ready. So then såe will court him,
Some women like to make love to both men and
women-sometimes at the same time, sometimes alternately, sometimes at different times in their lives.
somet¡mes depending on which sex is most readily
available. lt's nice to have choices.
The origin of some men's imperialistic tendencies
moy be biological, but, if so, there is ilo reason to
connect these tendencies with the erection, which al-

so occurs in most male ânimals, including the most
innocuous. There could be an acquisitive instinct built
into some men's brains, but here we are treading on
dangerous ground, because so f4r there is no evidence

of any difference betweeh the.construction of men's
and women's brains. Unless such evidence appears, it
would seem to me an act of sanity on the part of
feminists to view the patriarchy as an historical maladjustment on the social level. And to €oncentrate our
'energies
on correcting that maladjustment.
The case of Sophie Tolstoy is certainly sad. For
öne thing there are indications that the Count pref.erred the company of men and may have been a
ðloset homosexual. Sophie had been trained to organizeher whole life around a man because that, esientially, is the role assigned to women 8y the patriarchy. Dworkin is right in saying that the ills whibh
affiicted Sophie Tolstoy have not yet beentured.
That's why we have a women's movement.
A number of the suggestions Dworkin postulated
contemptuously at the end of her article rííight, in-

deed, have helped Sophie Tolstoy over many wretched
moments. Masturbation is one; finding another lover
(had that been possible), whether male or female, is a
second. Leaving Leo, in the manner'0f lbsen's Nora, is
a third. But none of these personal alternatives would
overthrow the patriarchy or change the loI of women

in general.

It's interesting to me, from another angle, that
Dworkin chose the case of Sophie Tolsfoy as. her
example. The Tolstoys were aristrocratsiand therefore
they had the leisure to frustrate each other to a maniacal degree. Leq if I remember the story correctly,
was obsessed with guilt about possessions and wanted
to relieve both himself and Sophie of as many as pos.
sible. Sophie, having nothíng áaf possessions in her
life, was attached to them. She was similarly attached

to Leo

as a possession.

"

There are many subtleties and contradictions in
any personal story, but in general Sophie and Leo
were reacting, sometimes in complete conformity
with, sometimes perversely and therefore ineffectually
against the rules of the game set down by the patriarchy. They saw their lives as an isolated phenomenon.
Sophie; working with other women of all classes,
might haVe been able to build a matriarchal revolu- tion in Russia free of the insane power-plays añilþurges which have since consistently marred the accomplishments of patriarchal socialist regimes there
and elsewhere. Sophig isolated as she was, had no
such opportunity. We do.
I agreg and so do most radical feminists, that
equality with men-as they are-would no.t bring
abouf a just society. We need to develop matriarchal
values harmonious with nature as we, as women,
elucidate ttiat relatiönship. We need to dissolve the
concept of relaîionships, personal as well as societal,
based on power.' We must avoid conft¡sirig sexual
poten cy, i ri"ùtmen' o r. ¡ngn, ...Y.J th the i m peri a I i sti c'
"nqtiqn óf power. lf men see ihe Èun and the missile '
æ an exteirsion of their phalluses-, they are obviously
suffering from a delusion. The fact that it is widesspread is no argument against the essential derangement of minds which cannot separate the symbolism
of fantasy from,their own real genital equipment.
We must no! ourselves, be hypnotized into accepting such a derangement as a rational statement,
or to be drawn into diversionary battles stemming
from iL As our own understanding of "what might
be" evolves into "what will be" on a societ¿l level,
the sexual behavior of human beings will no doubt
change--and probably in ways it would be wasteful
to attempt to predict now. Now is the time to organize the 53% of the human race which will reor'
ganize the world.

i

t4 wrN
wlN 15

i

ISI.A VISTA
TEAFI.ETTING

nearly everyone agreed that our tax dollars could be
better spenL
The leafletting action was also an excellent training
experience for members of the War Tax Resistence
Praxis group, an off-shoot of the Merton Center. We
found it more sound than many of our actions-the
leafletting was literally r:ecycling war taxes to life-givtng purposes, thereby mínimizing the symbolic leaps
of faith which people needed to make in order ùo
understand our poinl lt was also a collective action
arived.at by our community in discussion, and constituted a, unique contribution of our grouþ. The participants in the leafletting spentan evening role-píaying possible responses to our action, s9 peóple entered the experience with greater enthusiasm and
confidence.

fs part of the lnternational Week of Concern, SepL
29 to O.cL 6, persons from the Thomas Merton Unity
Center in lsla.Vista, Calif., rode buses of the Santa
Barbara Metropolitan Transit District repaying people

for their

bus fares

with money recycled from wär tåx

dollars.
More than $75 of withheld taxes (income taxes,.
phone tax) was converted into quarters which were
then taped to a leaflet which declared:
We give you this money for bus fqre instead of sup
porting the US defense budget, We have chosen not
to pqy that portion of our toxes that is usey' for warmakÌng activities, By giving this money to you instead
we hope to actively demonstrate that tox money con
be spent to improve the quolity of tife.
The leaflet went on to explain the alternative tax
fund (called lsla Vista Life Resources) and to outline
the continuum of options (letters of protes! phone
tax refusal, income tax resistance, etc.) open to those
wishing not to pay war taxes. lt also included graphs
of how defense dollars could be better spent: ,,One
&1 bomber or 15 5Gbed hospitals; the cost over-run

of a C-54 transport or 6.25 billion passenger miles of
mass transit in a typical American city."
The response of the public to the leafletting action
was tremendous. Whether aboard the buses (captive
audiences!) or.at the bus stops, people were veiy interested in hearing more about war tax resistance, and
Scott Kennèdy leaflets a woman about
to Þoard a bus. Photo Er¡c Hutch¡nt

Faith Whitmore, one of the people involved in the
leafletting reports on her experience:
"W. started by approaching a bus stop where about
3O40 people were waiting for their buses. The first
woman I approached was really enthusiastic and excited and kept repeating,'how far out!'She also informed me that the next day was Gandhi's birthdayl
She refused the quarter because she had a bus pass
but wanted as many leaffets as I could give her without quarters so she could distribute them to friends.

It

was an encouraging beginning.
was a challenge for me to approach strangers as
I am basically a shy person, or so I consider myself.
But it was a challenge I was eager and excited to meet.
I felt a surge of energy as I was handing out the leaflets and articulating my very personal beliefs about
war and our taxes. I shared my belief with others that

"lt

v/e must all take personal responsibility and that only
through our personal lives will change oçcur. We must
give voice, not only by our vote but also by our ac-

tions!

"lt

Jv¡s a really.strengthening experience as I found ,,
myself becoming increasingly passionate and clear iñ
stating my beligfs and reasons for handing out the.

leafleL

"People were awed and surprised. They were curious and warm. The people I spoke with were open
and sincerely interested and concerned. Their responses
were afürming and many wanted to learn more. I am
convinced that

it

is

through ignorance that the atroci-

ties are allowed to continue, When people learn alternatives, we will be far ahead of where we are now."

Merton Center folk also staffed a tiger cage at the
University of California at Santa Barbara and helped
host a Vietnamese dinner to benefit the Quang Nai
Rehabilitation Hospital. We scheduled the Veieran's
Memorial Building to show "lndochina: Still America's
War" as part of the weeklong series of events. A broad
citizens coalition of conscience of more than a dozen
groups helped with the lnternational Week of Concern's offering of speakers, films, workshops, displays,
and vigils. The public response was generally very sup
portive óf efforts towards continued opposiiíon to the
continuing war.

.

CONTACT
Thomas Merton Unity Center
892 Camino del Sur
lsla Vista, CA 93017

16 WIN

\

\l

I

q¡

4

ta
ê

1Ê
|F-..¡-a

ELECTIONS FOR'76
CANCELED IN URUGUAY
ln a recent message to the people of j
Uruguay, President Bordaberry announced that he þas canceled all elections to be held in1976 based on
the likelihood of wtpt he terms a
"Marxist victory threat aL the polls,
like that of Chile."
This brief message is very significant
however, for several reasons. First, it
proves the present strength of the
Tupamaro philosophy ending rightwing press reports that the MLN is
finished. lt also points to the fact that
Uruguay will continue to be without
a Parliament; Bordaberry had earlier
dissolved, Parliament due to i.ts ma-

Uruguay. The message also makes,
,, clear the fact that the Presiilent"has no
intention of {osing his political offce
in a free election. His term expires in
1976.
-Major Carlos Wilson
!1

NEW ANTI.GAY LAWS IN
PUERTO RICO
A new criminal code prohibiti.ng relations between gay women will go into
effect in Puerto Rico on lanuary 22,
1975. The present code, which is 72
years old, already prohibits relations
between gay men.
The new laws will also outlaw the
operation of places where gays congregate. Pol ice superintendent Astol

Calero has announced that police plan
'
to enforce the new anti-gay laws.
"The police must see to it that the . .
laws of the country are upheld," said
Calero in an interview done in October
by Po'Fuero (Come Out), the newspaper of the Gay Pride Community in
Under existing laws, two gay menboth "consenting"-who engage in
sexual acts can face up to ten years in
prison. lf two gay men simply agree te
enter into a sexual relationship they
can be accused of conspiracy and sentenced to six months in jail and/or a
$500 fine.

congregate.

The US Defense DePartme¡.t is warnins that American air and naval troops
mieht be sent to fight in Vietnam if
thðNorth Vietnamese launch a maior
offensive against the Sogth. The fact

.ì

"The police have theii methods of

investigating these cases," he said, adding "when the time comes, we wiil aoply them (the anti-gay laws)."
A Po'Fuero editorial explains that
¡ince present codes do not prohibit
the existence of gay bars, for instancg
thÞ "police have resorted to harassment over liquor licenses, serving,.. .'
minors etc., with gun toting police
agents arriving eri masse to make in-

,

spections.

jórity opposition to'Bordabeiry's'sup
port for the recent military junta in

San Juan.

RE.OPENING VtET
WAR THREATENED

. According to Po'Fuera, however,
the'code is rarely enforced. When
Calero was asked how he planned to
enforce the even more exiensive new
lawi he indicated that there would
be crackdowns on places where gays

"The obvious intention, is scaring
off clients, the majority of which are
still very much in the closet. But

that the use of US forces in Vietnam
combat is under'cgnsideration wàE
revealed by Deputy Defen3e Secretary
William Clements. Clements issued his
statement shortly after returning from
a socalled '¡fact finding mission" to
South Vietnam.
Clements also said that the Ford
Administratiori will ask Congress to
substantially increase the amount of '
military aide to the Thieu government
early next year. The US currentlY
maintains 27,000 military troops at
various US air bases in Thailand.

-Santa Barbara

under the new code police will need

no

excuse."

-LNS

I

a

News

BALL AND CHAIN
A group of nine demonstratois, includ-

REsERVED ,1fi,iî[,ï"?äif'"t""iljiiiij['i .i

REsERVES
According lo the WoshÌngton Post, lhe reste.d on the steps of St. Patrick's
Pentagonìs preparing toãsk Congí'ess Cathädral last month when they

,

.

;
1,

refused a police order to- leave.
,'
The nine were part of a demo.nstr'a- . '.;t ;
'' : i
tion by a gror"ip from the Caïhol ic
Peace FellOwship that picketed across
ttte street from the cathedral for over
three hours in Support of complete
quiitcly iil such situations as last fall's .. amnesty for draft evad.ers and deserters.
Ac.qording to police of the Midtown
aielift óf military supplies to lsrael d,u{--.".
' ''Nòrtñ'Statiôñ,the
five men and.fogr i
ing the Arab-lsrâeli war. Th9 proposal
group
of some 40 '.
the
piant
left
women'
is ãlso linked to the PenìaEonit
to move more planes to reierve squad- pickets and crossed the street shortly .r.,
rons and to heip fill the ranks of r'egu- before 11 am. On the cathedral steps, '-'- .
police said, the nine becanie loud and
lar battalionswith reservists. These ,
-,
boisterous and were charged with ag- ,
moves are described as part of the efgravated disoiderly conduct'
foht to give reserve units "real mis-

reservists and national guard'troops for
liree months withouî a declanation of
nátional emergency or congreisional
approval. The"Defénse Depãrtmenl.
wants to be able to use suðh t"s"rvis "
for authority to call up 50,000

sions" that will improve their readiness
and give active duty fgrces more confi" - '- '
dencä when ¿eatinÉ úil
r^,,^r.
wartime. rhe quotas t"'f
lJl.q TOUGH

i'iiffiï:s
tint"

of the service have been Jioóoine
rhe end of rhe diaft,

ín"

-NY

Bureau

r^
To

CONVICTION
WIN¡
AFTER AGNEW AND NlxoN

""¿îrããiv
military is worried about
its ability to This was the general lament of US
prosecutors in interviews following a.
respond quickly and effectively in
foreign or domestic struggles of work- four day conference with Justice
ing people.
-Gl News Department offcials in New Orleans.
WIN 17

"US attorneys from across the
country said that defense attorneys
are raising the Nixon and Agnew cases
more and more often as they urge

juries to acquit their clients and petition judges for light sentences,,' said
an October 19 AP dispatch reporting

the conference.
1'Some prosecutors suspect that
juries on occasion have refused to convict a defendant because of the handling.of the Nixon and Agnçw cases.

.

"Before the Watergate sàandal, Guy

(Ralpfr Guy, Jr., federal prosecuior in

Detroit) said defense attorneys never
attacked the credibility of FBI agents

testifying as prosecution witnesses befelt it was impossible to
convince a jury that an FBI agent
could lie. But defense attorneys now
are testing the tactic more and more
cause they

often," he said.

Robert Curran, federal prosecutor

from

Philadel phia, commented:

"There's no question the government
has

suffered."

ln Utah, reported C. Nelson Day,

a

Salt Lake City prosecutor, defense attorneys "many times refer to public
figures or well-known political figures."
And a southern state prosecutor
who asked not to be named, said: "We
get it regularly in a steady dose."
The AP dispatch concludes: ,,Another US attorney recalled that a
western-state judge recently handed
out a light sentence to a tax evader
with the remark: "Guess you aren't
any worse than Agnew." -Jim Peck

FDA RULE WOULD MAKE
MOST V¡TAMINS
PRESCR¡PTION DRUGS
Eighty per cent of the vitamins now
commercially available will be reclassified as "drugs" and become obtainable only through a prescription,
starting lanuary 1,1975. This new
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

regulation has been temporarily delayed until that date so that Congress
can hear debate on changing the law.
Many leading nutritional experts,
including Dr. Linus Pauling, who is
known for his research on vitamin C,
feel that the FDA prohibitions are a
severe setback

for nutritional

science.
For example, under the FDA regu.
lation vitamin C with a potency of

more than 45 milligrams (150o/o of the
recommended daily al lowance) cannot
be sold wíthout a prescription. Anything above that is classified as a drug,
even though four ounces of orange
juice supplies fifty milligrams.
According to many nutritionists, a
largevariety of food in the supermar-,
kets, most of the ready-made breads,
18 WIN

cereals, soups, dinnerE lunch meats,
etc. are less than "wholesome and
nutritious." Processed foods contain

chemical fertilizers, chemical additives,
and preservatives, and often have been
cooked in ways that destroy much of

their nutritional value.

National Food Supply, a 1966 US
Departmenr of Agriculture (USDA)
publication, stated that 44% of the
average caloric intake by Americans
was fat which is almost devoid of any
vitamin or mineral content. Fifty per
cent or more of this consumption is in
the form of white flour and white
sugar, which is highly deficient in
nutrients due to the refining process.
Less than 10% of the average calories
consumed are vegetables, meat, fish,
eggs, or dairy products, which should
supply close to 100% of our daily essential nutrients.
ln 1968, the USDA announced that
only 5O% of American families had a
"good" diet,30% rated fair and 2O%
rated poor. This showed a decline in
the nutritional value of American
dietary habits compared to a 1955
survey made by the department.
-LNS

SHORTAGE OF
FROGS PREDICTED
Science fiction buffs can relax. There's
no danger of frogs taking over the
world, at least in the next few years.
ln fact, government officials and
businessmen who buy and sell frogs for
laboratory dissection say the number
of croakers in the United States is de

creasing so fast that they may soon become and endangered species.
"We don't know exactly why the
number of frogs is declining, but we
know it's happening all over the country. lf it continues within the next few
years the frog could be an endangered
species," said Ruth Hine, chairman of
the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources Committee on Endangered
Species.

Another state conservation official,

Al Schwenn, said the increasing

use

of

pesticides by farmers and "over-harvesting" by people who sell frogs are
the main threats to the amphibian.
-WlN Frog Bureau

The occupant of the cell, a 2Gyear
old black woman named Joanne Little,
had fled. Eight days later she turned
herself in to st¿te authorities in Raleigh, North Carolina. At that time her
report on Alligood's death became
available to news reporters.
Joanne Little had been kept in the
Beaufort County jail,for three months,
pending an appeal on a conviction for
breaking and entering She was the only woman held in jail, where all the
guards are white males. She stated that
Alligood's death was a matter of selfdefense; he had made sexual advances
at her once before, and on the night of
the2Tth he had tried to rape her.
According to Joanne Little, Alligood entered her pell about 3 am, having taken his shoes off outside the cell;
and threatened her with an ice pick.
While Alligood was undressing, she got

hold of the ice pick, struck him with
it several times, and then fled the jail.
What is known of the physical
evidence found at the scene of Alligood's death appears to confirm this

fort County

is located, would probably
make it ímpossible to get a fair trial
there. The lawyers are trying to get
the case moved to the Piedmont (central) section of North Carolina. Their
first motion to have the case transferred
was denied, because the state law would
only allow a transfer to an adjacent
county in eastern North Carolina. The
lawyers are planning an appeal testing
the constitutionality of this North
Carolina law.
Although her present lawyers are
serving without fee, expenses for an
adequate legal defense will stíll be high.
Joanne Little's lawyers have estir.nated
the costs at $20,000 for her trial, with;,
more being needed if an appeal be- I
comes necessary. Supporters have orpnized the Joanne Little Legal De-

fënóe Fund,

,l003,

Durlnc., fO Box
ham, North Carolina, 27702, tó which
taxiex e m pr co n rr i b u tio, n s
rr?"rifff

T;

, ,fr

BUTZ SCRAPS PLANS FOR
AGRICULTUR E DEPT. TOURING SONG-AND.PR.AYER
TENT SHOW

chief, was to tour'the nation with song,
.

prayer, music and sketches of early
pioneer life, illustrating that food in
the US is the best bargain in.the,world.
ln addition, said a rnemo to Butz, thç
circus would instill in the public "a '
grêater confidence in the department,"
which woúld 1lstrengthen the department's credibility. "
But initial resþons. was justÍhe
opposite. The department "has lost

*

touch with reality," protested Repre-

Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz has
scrapped his proposal to send a songand-prayer tent show across the country; in an effort to convince Americans

sentative Spark Matsunaga of Hawaii,*
noting that "they'll be a l4ughing
t'
stoc k.

that prices aren't all that bad.
. The tent show, originally dreamed
up by Steven Lane, the Agriculture

had " characteristicalIy" blown the
idea out of proportion, Bu'tz'decided

Department's new public relations

a

And after claiming that the media
September 26 that the show would

notgo

on.

-LNS

a

accounL
Since she turned herself in, the case
has begun to atlract

of Joanne Little

considerable attention and concern
around North Carolin4 and especially
in thp black community and the feminist movemenL What has happened to
Joanne Little is seen as involving important questions about racism in the
courts and jails, the treatment of women in prisons, and the right of women
to defend themselves against rape.. :l
Over 1 50 supporters turned out fò a
hearing held in Raleigh on October 1
to set bond in the murder charge
agaínst her.

tle

The state's treatment of Joanne Lithas been harsh so

far. With other

prisoners awaiting trial, she is being
held in the solitary confinement section of the Women's Prison in Raleigh.
She is not allowed to speak out loud to
the prisoner in the next cell, and thé
only visitors she has been allowed are
her motherand her lawyer. The bond
in the death of Alligood was set at
$100,000. During the hearing on the
bond, she was kept tightly shackled in

the

courtroom.

'

The mail she has received from
friendly people around the state has
THE CASE OF f OANNE LTTTLE been a major factor ín keeping Joanne
On August 27, Clarence Alligood, a
Little going. Persons who wish to can
guard in the Beaufort County jail in
write to her at1034 Bragg Street, RaWashington, North Carolin4 was found leigh, North Carolina, 27610.
Despite the support she is receiving
dead in a cell. Alligood had been killed
with an ice pick normally kept in his
lawyers for Joanne Little feel they
desk drawer. His body was naked from have a difficult job ahead. The first
problem is ensuring a fair trial. Racial
the waist down, except for his socks,
and his shoes were lying in the'corridor attitudes among the white population
outside his cell.
in eastern North Carolina, where Beau-

" Some of thé people on Capital lïill
must have been smokin' some of that
LSD a few weéks ago. For a few brief,
shining hours, aid to.Greece, Turkey
and Chile was cut off by the Senate. "r
But alæ, the brief trip upon that
magic swirling ship ended as evening's
empire returned into sand and vanished
from their hand. By the next day, the
Senate had reversed itself, although
even after a SenateHouse conference,
the end of aid to Turkey provision was
'.
kept in. As a result of that action, the.
whole bill was vetoed by Our Ford,
whose bedroom window is made out
of bricks, and who has been known to
hand you a nickel, then hand you a
dime, then ask you with a grin if your
havin' a good time. People at the Coalition to Stop Fundìng the l,lor say
that "it does get a little confusing" at
times like thal A lót of what was hap
pening was showboating by a few
liberals who knew that the provisions
would never stick. The Coqlition people
know pretty much what's going on,
though, and they're gearing up for a
November attempt to get the Congress
to cut all military aid to lndochina.
Before you read any further on this
page, sit down and write your Congressperson about your feelings on
American military aid; it would make

their job a whole lgt easier. lf you'd
like to keep up with ¡he Coalition's ac- criminal that makes Nixon seem like à .
tivities, drop them a line and ask.to be
sécond rate service station stickup pei- I
put on the legislative newsletter mailson. lf you'd like a copy, send'a dollar
ing list. They're at 110 Maryland Avenue along to NACLA, Box 226, Berkeley,
NE, llashington, DC,, . . . Since the
iCA 94701-ask them about their bulk
subject of Dylan has come up in the
order rates if you'd like to use the piece , .:
preceding descriptions of Congressional æ afundraiser.....Women's Soul'Pub- . ;
actions, it is only fair to note that he
lishing is working on getting together a -,
revised "My Sisters' Song: Qi5çegraphy.. . . .
has decided that it's time for his boot':
tæeþ to be a wanderin'. That's righ!
of Woman-Made Music." Their last list
they guy who sang all those love songs was excellenq and they promise that
on'þi5 f¿51 album, Plonet Woves, ís get- tl'¡o next one will be êven better. They
ting ¿ divorce. Go back and listen tó " note that they l'are interested in
' ,. records that are feminist in content as
that album again, if you have the
chance and fry to figure otlt fust wb.;r' .,. wçll 4s 4ny records that feature womwas he singing to if it wasri't his wife,
en siniiing theii'own music or performing their own music or other womenls
as everybody said it vüas at the tìmè.
Fooled us again, Bob. .... The story
music." They are interested in non- .'-.
J,-,
of VicePresident designate Rockefel- sexist children's music, and "all wom- "
ler's crimes against the people is avail- en's music, feminist or not." lf you
^
able in comic book form through the
have any suggestions or would like to ,
Ndlth A merìcan Congress on L-otin
find out more about what they're up
America, The life and times of one of
to, they can be reached at PO Box
5476, Milwoukee, Wisconsin 53211. . . .
.America's best known;imperialists is
chock full of useful information in
Lots of good stuff has come in the
every panel. lf the straight media would
mail for this column and most of it has
use just a tenth of the information
made it in, at one time or another. lf
found in this book, rather than concen- you have something that you'd like to
trating on whether or not Rockefeller
see included, send it alonglo Breød
passed money onto some two bit train
ønd Roses, too, 1724 20th NW, Dupont
commissioner, the general public would
circle' columbia 20009'
have a far more accurate picutre of a
Doherty
:,

"rian
WIN 19

|-a

øV le

The book consists of a series of letters written in'197'l
to an 18-year-old woman who had been a lover of lra's and
was then a student at an lvy League college. ln the first letter he writes, "To be asked to take your education in hand,
to be your mentor, to supplement, supplant or subvert
what goes on or does not go on at your college delights me
beyond measure,"
ln the letters that follow he does just this for his friend's
education and for ours. He writes about what has moved him
most deeply. About writers and thinkers of the past he tells
us sometimes basic and beautiful things, sometirnesgossip
or anecdotes. He writes about the war in Vietnam and'about
nonviolence. He writes about things thatare happening to
him aìd responds to things his friend writes. She is working
on a paper about Martin Luther King, so lra tells her revêrently and in great detail of his few brief contacts with King.
She is having an affair with a lunkie and lra gives her what
helpful advice he can (not much).
Here is my favorite passage from the book.
:

a

A LITTLE KINDER

lra Sandperl /.Science & Behavior Books, Palo Alto, 1974 |
t63 pp., $5.95
ln 1961, when I was first becomirtg involved with nonvio-

lence, I was lucky enough to take part in a wee'kly seminar
at lra Sandperl's home in Menlo Park. The lnstitute for the
Study of Nonvíolence grew out of these seminars. No do_ubt
my recollection of them is rose tinted because they were so
important to my intellectual and spiritual growth, but as I
write this out, it seems to me I'm not exaggèrating at all.
A dozen or so of us sat around on cushions on the floor

of lra's California living room. Books were everywhere,
completely covering two walls, neatly piled on the mantelpiece, the coffee table, every available surface. There were
eVen stacks of books on the floor.
We read a chapter a week in a book about Gandhi. I
.don't remember the name but I think it was published in
lndia. While this was an apt starting point for our discussions, it did little to limit the range of thing5 we talked
about. ln fact, unlike most teachers, who like things to flow
together and who proceed from poi¡t to point, lra welcomed
the most off-the-wall-questions. We all did, for they gave
an opportunity to do his most amazing intellectuai ala.
besq ues.

lra frequently stood leaning against the mantel. When
one of these questions came, his eyes would light up. He'd
wave his index finger in the air and cackle with delight. Then
he would lurch across the room, barely avoiding stepping
on some of us. He knew the exact location of each book in
the room. Not only that; once he had the book in his hand,
he could open it to theþassage he wished to read as tho he
knew just where in the book each paragraph was located.
Triumphantly he would read the passage that spoke to the
question. We were all dazzled.
Ever since I've known lra, he's been working on a book.
Not always the same book, but a book all the same. He
writes slowly. He's the sort of writer who labors for a week
over a three-line inscription for a birthday present, so evpn
if we've had to wait all these years it's wonderful at last to
have a book.

A Little Kinder captures lra well. lt glows with his love
of learning and his love of teaching. lt sparkles with his wit
It is written with great precision. The sentences are dense
and make slow reading.
20 WIN

Hrst of oll, there is but one love,
Different kinds of love-agope, philia, eros, profane love
and sacred love-all that is philosophical, philolqgicol, pious
nonsense, For a moment I am back with Gertrude Stein:
Love is love is love is love, And, at her side you will frnd,
cur¡ous even for that celebrated collector of celebrities, the
1 7th century prince-bishop of Geneva, St. Francis de Sales
(see his lntroduction to the Devout Life).
"There ore many beside you," de Sales said, "u-vho wont
me to tell them of methodi onã secret ways, .',but the only
.way of obtainíng tove is by tovìng, YÒu'learn to speak by
speokino, to study by studying, to iun by running, to work
by working, and just so you learn to love. , .by loving; All
those who think to leorn Ìn ony other way decelve themselves If you wont to love, go on loving more ond mora Begin as a mere apprentice and the very power of love will lead
you on to become o moster in the art, Those who make the
most progress will continuolly press on, never believing
themselves to have reached the end,"
1;ies, thot is att *ry ütt,i' Lo, heor you soying, 'buit
what is the love you leorn by loving?"
It is a gift. A gift of our lives.
For exomple-and this is neitþe¡ myth, nqr metaphysics,
nor poetry-old Gandhi's life could not be taken, He literolly
gave it awoy every day, ëvery moment. His life wos perpetually up for grabs, He gove it to his assossin, He gave it to
everyone he approached, No one could snotch it from him
for he hod olready ploced it in their honds. lûhereas most
of us fearfully clìng to our lives in the illusÌon that we are
loving,
Nevertheless, if we con signifìcantly diminìsh our fears,
we con make o slight gift of ourselves; thot unigue g¡ft thot
only we can give. For no mltter how long the world spins
or the sun shines we will 'never reappear on the face of the
earth, So we must be ourselves to give ourselves,
And love is giving ourselves eff.ortlessly, without osking
or desiring anythìng in return, And shared love is a mirocle
of the communion of uniqueness,

At first I thought the title of the book was weak but now I
think it reflects lra's message well. Truly it would be a
miracle if we could be a little kinder, a little less fearful, a
little more loving. lra speaks about the necessity for the
political organization of nonviolence but I'm afraid that's
not where his heart is. His special insight his special delight
involves nonviolence in a more intimate sphere. To learn
more about love and nonviolence on this essential level, this
book is warmly recommended.
Despite the reference to Gandhi above, the thing that
surprised me most was the lack of emphasis on Gandhi.
lra's fond of saying-and indeed says in the book, "Gandhi,

the rat! He ruined my life." Well, may_be. Br4t lra appears
It is to Arlen'r .rédit that he doesn't proselytize, doesn't '
to be getting over iL ln his book list, Gandhi doesn't even
say, "See, if you didn't use guns, the police wouldn't shoot,
make first team ("master magicians" such as.BJake, Tolstoy,
you up." He leaves.such moralizing to other radicals, for
Dostoevsky, Proust, Kafka, Marx and Engels) but is relegated
our silence during the trial is assurance to him that his
to the f ist of "apprentice magicia¡s," along with Chekhov,
thoughts wíll Qe conveyed, and will be conveyed.by those
Brecht, Borges, Plato, and Freud.
whci have a greater right to offer censure:
i:
Because I love to read tr¡alstories more than any other
The book is handsome and austere. lt hasãblack cover
.thing-is that some fascist resi{ue in my soul?-l was dis- '
and end papers. The dust jacket features pencil drawings of
appointed that the book was so short and that thq lçgal
three of lra's favoritesi King Gandhi and Aldous Huxley.
proceedings were glossed over. However, Arlen mukêi up
The " l ntroduction" by Joan Baez is an ex tract frorrr her
for the lack of trial minutia by providing readers wiÍh a
autobiography, Doybreak,
A plethora of typographical errors mars this book. I've
comprehensive background on the politics and sociology of
sent a,list of 27 typos I spotted along to the publisher in
/ Chicagq from 1969, when the massacre occurred, to '1972,
the hope that they might-be cofre'cted in a fulure edition.
when the trial was held. His description of political eventg
On the dust jacket, Gandhi is twice spelled Ghandi. T.his
and their stars read like poetry. Arlen has a wonderful eye
for the contradictions and absurdities of political protocol,
misspelling is found frequently (and, al4s has*even cropped
up in the pages of WIN). I wondèr why. Do ybu suppose
and the complexities.of ethnic and boss politics in Chicago
iî's becau.se if you sigh as you say "Glndhi",it comes out
become easy to understand when if is his word:.which explain them.
"Ghandi?"
Mark Morris
It ís too bad, however, that simply a lealization of the injustice and corruption that is rampant in Chicago under
AN AMERICAN VERDICT
tvlay.or Dalpy isn't enough to banish theri_w.ndy
Michael f . Arlen / Dbubledayhnd Co., 1973 l196 pp.
Schwartz
For many white radicals-in New York City, at least-Fred
1,
Hampton was no more than a name on a day-glo poster.held
I
by a Youth Against War and Fascism" We knêw váguely that
ì
he was a Black Panther and was murderedþy the [olice in
Chicago, but the real meaning of his life añd death was obGail Slreehey / Dell Paperback / $1.50
scured whén the signs that invoked his namowere used as a
P¡ty
the poor working girl!You will after you read Gail
trashing tool after demonstrations.
Sheehy's irtslde'l'ook at the fly-by-night (and sleep-by-day)
An American Verdict is the real 5tory behind the mas
lives of New York City's ladies of pleasure. The material
¡1c19 of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark that Deóember,
originally ran as a series, over the past couple of years in
1.9.69, morning. lt is written by Mjchael J. Arlen,,an esiabNew York magazine. Hustting probably would read like
lished journalist-a man who not only'isã colorfùl and caresciencefictiôn to a little old lady, but her conventionful writer, but who has a strong grasp on the sense of irony
þoing husband might find it a little too realistíc. lt is visitors
that is a thread through American'street politics.
' The irial that resulted from'tlie murders was different like him who support the f ucrative "industry" which reportI er Sheehy found even has tentacles that reached the former
,, .
from the other political trials that have commanded our
president's family circle. Seems there's a good possibility ' .' .
attention in rècent years: this time it was the government
that "PeepaliVe, Roman Mæsage Parlor, Rector Booksandl
which was the defendan! the Cook County Siate,s AttorBob's Bargain Books," which she says are "undoubtedly the. ,
ney and thirteen policemen were beingrforced to prove that
most degenerate pornographic assemblage in the City of
:,
they had not "conspiied to obstruct justice" wheñ they
New York" are owned by Eddie Finch Cox's uncle. And, if
:
burst into the Panthers' apartment at dawn and opened fire
you remember your American history, E. Finch Cox was ex- .'.'.,
on nine sleeping Blácks. They had a search warrant to look
.1
prexy Nixon's son-in-law for the Love of God!
for illegal firearms, and when,no one answered their dÈ
Hustling
is a fascinating look at the prostitution business .,¡;,:
mands to open the door, they forced their way in, and fired
with a fascinatjng cast of ðharacters iniluding Redpants, a 'i::!i:
close to a hundred rounds of ammunition, most from mayoung bläck hóoker (Gail Sheehy says she's ã composité,. '
chine !uns, into the apartment.
but she has.the writing skill to make her and her other
That the Grand Juiy would even return indictments
characters
see'm real eñ"óugh to care about). There's Red- ,
against members of the Cook County Jirstice Department
pant's pimp, Sugarman, the archtypical black pross boss.
juitice
of
is
semblance
iiperhaps an indication that some
Th.ere's fat,.swe4ty'limmv Della Bêlla-Jimmy The Bgautistill maintained in even a Boss-controlled city like Chicago.
ful-sitting in tffè-wlndowdaf:hi¡pee{y frosridufion hätel on
judge
is
defendents
evifor
the
found
But the fact that the
Eighth
{venue warning the hookers when a squad car rdu¡ds
dence that the facade and substance of justice as two dif'
the corner. He's even got a mirror on the windowsill to spot :
ferent things.
the prowl cars blocks away.
| .:
Arlen, though clearly taking the Panthers' position in
in
accepting
their
difficulties
the
Hustling is the sad and pathetic story of a big business.
this trial, confronts head-on
._- .
general platform. "lt is hard to remember th€ way that
"Using the most current figures available, .there a"re an esñuch of the white society regarded the Black Panthers when timated 200,000 to 250,000 prostitures in the United Stares
tod.ay. Taking the lower estimate, at only six contacts a day,
they first appeared in the 1960's-those fearsome,
"
frightening arms-bearing black men, with their paratroop
4nd at the bottom price of $20 per,trick'the millions of
.c.lients of prostitution contribute to the support of the unberets, and swagger, and revolutionary rheforic. . .the first
'antiwar protests had not come that long before-our kids,
derworld the incredible sum of between seven and nine bitlÌon dollars annually," she says. A first-class New york hookour nice kids, lying down,in front of troop trains. . .And
er is goodfor
now: black men with guns," He opposes the style of the
_$J0,000 a year in her prime, according to
Hustling. Of this, she,s lucky to keeþ So/o áfær she turns over
Panthers while agreeing with their principles, and becomes,
the.proceeds to her pimp. And, as the story goes, she ends
then. much like "us kids" who are also apprehensive about
gi. ving full support to revolutionaries
up. beatjn, broke, alcoholic, andlor hookeð 6y the time she's
whose tâctics are so
different from our own.
thirty. That's the real tragedy of Hustling.
-Íonr McNamara

HUSTLING

:

¿

.

wrN 21

Ets

Bul

a

N

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AMNESTY CHRISTMAS CARDS, orlg¡nal
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JOB oPENINGS: Two salarled openings for

L¡bertarian Soc¡al¡st literature: Parisr May
'68, workers' self-management, Hungary
'56, Redeflning Revotut¡on. Write for current Newsletter and literature t¡st Phlta,
Solidar¡ty, PO Box 13011, Phlla, PA. 19101.

enef getic, cfeatlve, Movement-style people

to do lndochina organlzlng out of nätional
offlce. Starting ln November. Send resumes
to¡ Coalltlon to Stop Fundlng the War,
110 Maryland Ave,, NE, Washlngton, DC

BoARd

20002.

il no $ ¡nvolved but
l¡mited to 20 words. Otherwise $l every.lO woÌds.
F ree

WHY CAPITALISM CAN'T WORK Read
Edward Bollamy's "Parable of the Water

Tðnk." lcthus Communlcation Center,

1583 E. Colorado, Pasadena, CA 91106.
t-ãj 75d e¿¡ Ç49, 60É ea¡ 50 up, 45C ea.
Advance payment, plus 25A handling
VEGETAR IAN TIMES, noÞvlolent eatlng.
Sample copy free when you sencl 20É ln

coin or postage, but why not subscribe
now, just $3/9 lssues, Vegetar¡an T¡mes,

43104, Chlcago, lL 60690.
HOMESTEAD SURVIVAL IN THE
OZARKS: Organlc alternatlves ln mldPO Box

Ainerlca. Land acqulsltlon, homesteadlng,
gardenlng, food storage and much more,
Threèvolume set $5 from Ozark Access.
Center, Box 506W, Eureka Springs, Ar-

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NO RTHEAST OHIO,WAR RESISTERS'

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LEAGUE LOCAL GROUP NOW IN FOR.
MATION. Organizatlonal meeting/good time
Saturday, Nov. 16, noon. Call Owight Ernest,
30106 Loraln Rd., North Olmsted, Oh 44O7Ol

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Film program on Culture and Assimilatlon

in America, r'Rlse and Fall of the East
Europèan
"Good N¡ght, Socrates,"
ÍThe lnd¡anJew,"
Speaks," '¡Mlr Kumen Onr"
Sunday Nov. 3, 3 pm, Atran House, 25 E,
78th St., NYCí spons, Jew¡sh Youth Bund.
For a llsi of November events, wr¡te
WOMEN'S CENTER CALENDAR, BK|yn
College, 2416 James Hail, Bktyn, NY
l12lO or call 2L2-78O-5777.
Wrlte for free llsinq of ANARCHIST LECTURE SERIES held every Fri. at I pm at
339 Lafayette St., NYC 10012 or call

2r2-22ù0322,

Caretaker(s) wanted for 3 room house,
¡solated 15 acre mountain farm. Approx.
for longer
term arrangements. Write¡ Jafar, pO Box
125, Odd, W Va. 25902.,

T hanksglvi ng! Easter. Posslbl lit¡es

Alto, California 94302.
The Community Church of Boston meets
Sunday mornings at l0:3O AM at Boston
Univers¡ty's Morse Aud¡torium at 602
Com'monwealth Ave. All lnvited, Programs:
Hugh Wllson, Nov. 10; Scott Nearlng, Nov.
17; Nicola Gelger, Nov. 24.
Project Red¡rectlon-Detroit, a mèn's con-

tr¡butlon. 280 E. Boston, Detroit, Ml'4A2O2.

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*$Y'EEf# WE

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I need to borrow old photographs, good
graph¡cs ¡mmediately f or vlsual movement
h¡story book I from the early 19O0's to th€
present. Wr¡te: Bob Cooney, lnstitute for
the Study of Nonv¡olencer Box 1001, Palo

sclousness rais¡ng collectlve, sends a blmonthly newsletter upon recelþt of a con-

kansas 72632.

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School got yop down?

216.777-3694,

ovative conf erence,/retreat cen ter off erlng program ¡nteresting to WIN readers. '
Write for brochure: ooug wilsoñ, Kings
H¡shway, Rowe, Mass 01367.
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Sherman Rd., Munson Twsp, OH 44024.

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Then' bring

it down!

With the Youth Liberation Organizing Kit. It
has four pamphlets (including How to Start a
High School Underground Paper), copies of 5
high school underground papers;3 miniposters, and 2 sample copies of FPS: ø
magazine of young peoplels liberøtion. All f $3. Or get a year's subscription to FPS - t2
issues
- for $10 ($6 of you're under L8 years
old). (Our prices are guides: if you are
employed we hope you can send extra, if
you are young or on a'limited income, send
what you can.) Send orders to Youth
Liberatíon, 2007 lVashtenaw Ave., Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48104.

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,,19/75P€AC€

Raising children to be free is.thè hardest*way to'raise
children. But this hard way could-¡make for not only more
creative and happier children-as though this wouldn,t be
enough-but
also for e more peaceful world for us all.
.This
year's Calendar, "Where Am I Going?,, offers some
thoughts on the rearin! of free children. it suggests that
if we allow.children to .dçvqlop as free from our pre_
judgmeirtsãí póisible, ttrèy'miglii ¡ust be able to create a
néw and better world.
Because we believe that the responsibility for children
rests with êveryohe, not just with parents, the ideas and
quotations we compiled are from educators, philosophers,
parents, just plain adults-who-remember-what-it-was-liketo-be-a-child, and from children who demonstrate they
have many of the same yearnings as adutts.

We've included serioui guideines to follow in rearir6:
children, and suggestions for what not to do. theié aiã

prose and poetry excerpts, songs and prayers. The artwork,

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blend of drawings by children and photographs of children, both illustrates the theme and is an ¡ñtegral part of
the Calenda¡. The quotations and graphics togãther are a
vital plea for a more human world.
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An Underhanded History of the USA is a milestone of sorts
in American radical pamphleteering. Nick Thorkelson's art
and Jim O'Brien's writing combine into a comic-book format that is coherent, easy to read and consistently ligh
with humor. A great introduction to people's history, just
the'gift for teachers, students, prisoners, everybody. 64
pages in four colors, with Bibliography, $1.00 plus 25d postage and handling. Quantity discounts on bulk orders: 10

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copies 10%;25 copies 2O%;50+ copies25%.

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Order

from: Goodboox, Realbox 455R,
108 Mt Auburn SL
Cambridge, Mass. 02138

Enclosed is

$-for-copies;

send to:

NAM F
ADDRE Cc
ZI

TEACI-]ERS/

T:EACIJEP

PAÞEF?,
has no lesson plan

for your 37 kids, but it

will help you maintain your humaniiv.

and

your sanity, whi.le you come uþ wi'tir'one.
Sìnd $1.50 for a sample copy of "the onlv
magâzine to orint only teachers."
Su6'scriptionô: $8.00 for five i'ssues-Ocl
Dec. Feb. Apr. June
2221 N.E.23rd St. Portland, Oregon97212

The 1975 Peace Calendar is edited by Lynne'shatzkin Coffin'i
ánd Wendy Schwartz, and has an introduction by Benjamin

Spock,

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*

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M.D.'lt has .

a page for every week in the yeai
a facing pe.Ee with tex(s and illustrat¡ons on the qualities

of a more frée life fol chiltlren.
a lisi¡ng of peace organizations and periodicals, Ámerican and foreign
blank pages for notes and advance appointments in 1976
128 page,51h' xïrh" , wire-bound and flat-opening; the
calendar pages can be removed when the year is over,
leaving a bound volume for your permanent library.

The Pe¡ce C¡lend¡r is e unique end inerpensive gift thet
will be in use e¡ch dey end remembe'rcd tlre whole yerr

thrcugh.

fi2.75
WAR
339

i5 for two
S10

for four

RESISTERS TEAGUE
N.Y.

22 WIN

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This year we are making a very special offer that not only can simplify your gift
problems, but also spreads the news of the movement for peace and liber:ai.

the first subscriptíon that you give each additional one costs you only
$6-one dollar less than the regular-yearly subscription rate. And a renewal of
your own subscripfíon can be inclyd.,eJUnder this p!¡r1.

ln additÍon, we will send each recipient of a gifr subscflption a hardcover copy
of Barbara Deming's remarkable collectþn of short stories, lilash Us gnd Comb
Us which has a rotail price of $8.95.
Finally, if you give five sub'scriptions or more we will be pleased to send you

'copy of Barbara?s bgqft for free.
Of course each person receiving a gift sub will bqsent
ing'your gift

a

a special card announc-

''"rfãiflfiilthat this is an excellent way ro remember friends or family-44
times a year!
Flash! January 1 the year'Ctsubscription price of WIN is going up to 911 !

Enqlosedis$-(Firstsubscriptionis$7,eachadditionalsubonly$6).
Please send

agiftcard signed:

.t
Name

Name

Address

zip+Address-

Address

,

My name
Add

zip
WIN Magazinè

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/ Box

547

| Rifton, NY 1247"1