Martha Schofield letter extracts

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Floral design, initials A J T, date 1857


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Extracts from the letters of Martha Schofield
during her residence on Wadmalua Island [South Carolina]
where she was engaged in teaching the Freed people in 1865 - & 6.
by her Mother.

The following was found in her Mothers drawer after her departure
"My dear Mother 10th [Month] 5th 1865
Do not mourn because
thy daughter is striving to walk in the path of duty -
Can we not trust our Father whose overshadowing Love
guides and guard even the humble ones, if they walk in
accordance with his will -- I feel deeply the bitterness
of this Seperation - but the Comforter will come, and we
will be enabled to bear all the burdens that fall upon us. -
I go forth in [underline] perfect trust [/underline], knowing that if I endeavor to
do my duty, the end will be well - that one Eye watches
over and protects always and in his keeping I trustingly
place my life - No future can make me loose this faith
or take away the constant comfort it gives - Let it
be your strength also, for we know in whom we trust,

Do not be anxious about me on the voyage - Is not


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God upon the ocean as well as on the Land?

That He may [underline] bless [/underline] you, and [underline] keep [/underline] you,
restoring us again together if it be his will, on
comforting you if I come not back must ever be
my prayer -

I hope to return if not [Underlined: remember}
"I go where I shall behold the face of my Father
who is in Heaven", where eternal blessedness
fills the soul, and the "pure in heart see
God" -

thy most loving daughter M.

10th [Month] 10th
"Empire City" -- Here we are a whole
party up on deck, listening to Anne H. reading.
I wish you knew how nicely I was getting along.
We have a splendid Set on board, and with a swift
Steamer and Smooth waters, are rapidly moving
towards Dixie, will probably reach there by 5th day
evening, Had to wait some time before State rooms
were assign'd us, our lot was with three others; one
young lady accosted me with "your name? we go
together, and got to be friends, so might as well
begin" - All are very kind and Sociable, it is impossible
to be lonely or homesick, with so much [underline] wit [/underline]


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good humor and sociability all round -
The day was lovely, and we remained on deck, only
going down to [loss of text] dinner at One and supper at 6.
I found it [loss of text] keep out of my State room, until
I was ready [loss of text], I read all your dear letters up
on deck, and they did me so much good; at 8 oclock
I went down stairs and hasten'd into my bunk,
[underline] discharged my supper [/underline], then felt quite smart,
laughed heartily at MS's remarks, she being
station'd 2 stories above me, and in her efforts to
make herself comfortable, routed out a life preserver
for a pillow, threw the hard one on the floor, and
took good naturedly the smash of her watch
crystal which went with it. -- I woke up at
2. to see if it was moon light and near breakfast time
went back to bed and slept till [half] past 5. when I
hurried on my dress and went on deck with several
others, waited some time in the [underline] moonlight [/underline] and then
saw the grandest of all sights - [underline] sun rise at Sea [/underline] - it
was sublime; in the west, darkness was going down
in the waves, over us the moon shone coldly, and to
the East - out of the great depths rose the Fringe of Light -
silently throwing its rain-bow hues over the


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the smooth waters. Oh! it is indeed [underline] grand [/underline] --
Went down to breakfast at 8. I have been at every
meal only sick about 15 minutes [loss of text] evening
we are sewing, knitting, and [loss of text], up on deck
and it is delightful to watch the closing waves this
beautiful day, we are very thankful for it, there are
20 or 30 first-class ladies, and as many gentleman
on board - I wish you could just know how well I
am getting along.

Opposite Charleston - 5th day morn. I was again
up to see the sun rise, forced myself to go to the
table and eat, then squeez'd my lemons and did
pretty well, the meals are good and, and the
people very kind, - the Captain says they might
go a thousand times, and not have such a continuous
smooth Sea, no waves scarcely, except
those we make, saw a number of porpoises and
flying fish, it is thought we will reach
Hilton Head to day at noon -

Hilton Head 2 oclock - We are still in
the Steamer - and such a time - great hurry,
bustle, hallowing among the Men, and [underline] We [/underline]
waiting on [underline] Red Tape [/underline], a gentleman has gone


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with our papers to the Quarter Master, where he
will get us transported to Beaufort -

1/4 of 3. Here the whole host of us, are sitting out on
trunks and boxes at the long wharf at Hilton Head
trying to find a little cool in the shadow of a shed
for the sun is pouring down, and if you could see the
[underlined:] ebonies shining and grinning real Dixie -
Patience is a virtue and I have a little --

6th day morning -- We waited till [half] 4. and then
started with a load that even Barnum would have envied for
exhibition, The baggage was piled as high as the pilot-house
on top & between [underline] trunks, box, turbans [/underline], etc. were visible scattered
here and there, were men of all ranks unable to procure seats
elsewhere - The whole thing was a [underline] jam [/underline], yet most took it
good naturedly, as it was Uncle Sams transport - at 20
minutes of 8 we reach'd Beaufort, and imagination fails
to give an idea, everybody in a rush. Sambo's trying to "clare
de trac", Chloes with great bundles on their heads, only one
officer commanding - We waited in silence amid the noise,
till M DeForrest the Superintendent of the Mission house
discovered us, by the help of some other teachers, he told us
the Mission House was not open yet, but a gentleman had told
him to bring us to his house, so MS and I waded thru


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the sand, etc., Mr Gages, where he and his wife kindly welcom'd
us, a fine house but had seen hard times, they both teach -
after supper we went to bed and found it much nicer than a [underline] bunk [/underline]
I awoke up in the night to enjoy the splendid moonlight, coming
thru the great trees - [?] the streets are paved with sand and
many trees, [General] Saxton has moved to Charleston

After breakfast - Every hour brings revelations, The Host has gone
to drive his wife to school [underline] and we are sole housekeepers [/underline], I asked him
if he knew Frances D Gage, and got the answer "I am her biggest
boy" - I have been talking to an old Negro, asked him why he
ran away - and only wish I could give you his exact language
he lived with his rebel Master 40 miles from here, was busy
hauling cotton away, before the Yankees came, one day he look'd in
a back car and saw 40 women with babies in their arms, being
taken away to be sold, he ask'd where the Fathers were, not one
among them - they turned away and wept, -- went home and told
his wife, he would try and get away with her, but she would not
leave the two children and her old Mother, so he bore it for 2 weeks
then one night in a vision he heard a voice saying "Arise and go this
very hour" He got up and stood in the door-way a long while looking
at the stars and beauty of the Heavens, it seem'd like the judgment
day, for he did not expect to ever see his family again; then put
his bible in his bag the first-thing, knowing he would need


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[underline] comfort [/underline] from [underline] that after parting from all [/underline]. Then left without
any one knowing it, taking his fishing tackle with him
to make believe he had gone fishing His wife told this next
morning and wanted the streams search'd, tho she suspected
$200 was offered for him, telegraph sent to forts and elsewhere
he was in the woods till night then got in his [underline] "dug-out" [/underline] boat and
was on the water 2 days & nights not daring to go near shore for
fear of the rebel gunboats, his matches got wet, and he had nothing
to eat but raw rice - landed here and was a soldier some time
only lately brought his wife and children here -

It is now raining very fast - the first time since we left
[Philadelphia], these sandy streets are like rivers tho it will soon
dry up. Mr G. has been down to the wharf and says a boat
will go to morrow to [underline] Rockville [/underline] -

First day eve 10th 7 [month] [1865]

My dear Mother and sisters

Here we are at last! I hurried
my letters off on 6th day thinking the mail for the North
closed the next morning, I believe I told you all the
important events up to that time, All day yesterday
we went round Beaufort, into the old [underline] Pikett [/underline] mansion,
and [General] Saxtons home which formerly


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owned by a man worth [underline] 5000.000 [/underline] and is not now worth
5000 cents - Many of them have been very imposing
edifices stylish and inviting. No one can imagine
the desolation, the living evidences of Shermans raid -

We spent an hour or two, in the Church yard, and there
read long, long useless praise. The Church had been
used for our sick soldiers, and they had broken all
such monuments of fallen greatness -

Four graves mark'd the resting place of [underline] our [/underline] buried
dead that had fallen in the strife -

Beaufort has been a handsome, improving place
the houses never touch each other, large yards with negro
houses, We felt quite at home at the Mission house
and were at a wedding, A colored man and woman
were lawfully married by a minister -

This morn I unpack'd my valise, as we heard last eve
the Boat would not start to day. When M Judd came
up and said, a Boat was in and would wait 15 minutes
we were ready and down at the wharf in that time
and you, who sit at home and read newspapers
imagine my feelings, as I shook hands with Captain
[underline] Robert Small [/underline] and soon, after took my seat on the
identical [underline] Planter [/underline] that he took from Charleston
and gave to our Government, and which they


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paid him 30.000 [dollars] for, it was 10 oclock when we left
took our seats on deck, and watch'd the Steamer
plow its winding way up the most crook'd rivers
you ever saw - At noon sat down to an excellent
dinner with Captain at the head of the table - soon after
came out on St. Helena Sound and then into the ocean
where no land was visible - I was almost sea-sick; it
was so rough, but laugh'd at my paleness, and forced
my dinner back, holding on to the last lemon I had
left. At 4. we were in sight of Rockville a pretty
white village on the waters edge - We landed and MA
Evans, the [Superintendent] and his brother met us and brought
us and our baggage to his house, a nice one once,
but no woman's hand has beautified it lately, You
would think it comfortless, but we laugh and talk
and make friends - here where I am writing is a table
covered - a center one in the corner - two soffas with
the hair cloth torn off, and the springs gaping at you -
two secretaries that were once new, but the glass and drawers
are all broken out, it is sad to see how these things have
be abused, Aunt [underline] Maria [/underline] the cook & housekeeper got
us quite a nice supper, then we took a walk and
went over several empty houses we are to have our
choice they all stand open, windows broken and


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and everything [?] -

Second day evening I am almost too tired to write
but want to have this ready when there is a chance to send

This morning we went to the [underline] Store house [/underline], and found
hundreds of poor creatures waiting for clothes. they are
there by day light and still staid tho we told them no
clothing could be given out to day, we 4 spent
nearly the whole day [?] and arranging and openning
nearly 30 boxes sent from the North, we stood all the time
and were somewhat weary; yet it was pleasant work &
tomorrow we commence giving out, at 5 we shut up
and took a walk, thru the deserted village, away up
on the tops of houses and thru yards that had been
beautiful but were now one mass of thick high bushes

MA went to the top of an orange tree and gathered
a few remaining ones, open'd my trunk to day
and found the things all safe, how we shall enjoy
the good things we brought and my [underline] fork [/underline] and
[underline] spoon [/underline] and this [underline] rocking chair [/underline], the things Dr R
sent have not arrived, and we have scarcely any thing
to begin with, there is not a pair of sheets in the
place, a few pairs of bedsteads but no bed or matress
of any kind, Charleston is 25 miles off we have
to ride 18 miles on horseback the rest of the way by


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water, Beaufort 50 miles and no communication except
by [Government] boats when it suits, there is no store here, and
all the food the colored people get comes as rations from
Beaufort -- and yet we are quite happy and doing
very well, Oh if you could see the beautiful water
and warm sunshine you would think it not desolate -

There are a few white people on the Island, the great
thing is our [underline] letters [/underline], we shall have so much to do we
will try and be reconciled.

4th day morning yesterday we spent the whole day giving
out clothing imagine a small room/once a carriage house
piled on all sides with clothing of every description
size, shape, pattern and material, out side hundreds
of black faces, waiting anxiously for their turn, I cannot
describe them now- We took them family at a time
recording their names, then men women children
and babies had an outfit - we could not understand
their Language, and they were mostly quiet taking what
our judgment saw fit to give. Oh dear if I had time
I could write pages, it will take several more
days. some walk 8 or 10 miles many come in boats
these people did not live here they came with
"Shermans" army, we were very tired last evening,
but up this beautiful morning & quite refresh'd ----


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Rockville 10th [Month] 29th [1865]

My dear Mother and Sister

First day morn

We are sitting by an open fire and while the
others are engaged, I will begin a letter home, they
seldom write on "Sunday" so I go on my own course
and do what suits me best - I doubt if H.A. ever
saw a Friend he knows nothing about their principles;
is firm in his own faith yet not bigoted -

I do not mind talking to him, but MA
overwhelms me with words and quotations
tho she thinks I ought to carry out my own
convictions -- I suppose you have received
my letter telling of our safe arrival here and
the kindness of those who received us - We have
come to the wise conclusion that we are exactly
in the right place, with all the lack of the
necessaries of life, just think 2 weeks and the
box has not yet arrived. I had a note from
Dr. R. expressing regret at the nonarrival
and hoping we would remain in Beaufort
until the things came - We would put up
with any thing here where we are so much


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needed, than stay there - Yesterday H.A. came in
and said he had to go about 12 miles on business
and perhaps we would enjoy a ride, of course we
accepted the invitation, he put a horse and mule to the
Buggy and we started, and had just as much pleasure
as tho it had silver mounted harness and 500 [dollar] [?].

There is but one road leading from this place and then
long-deserted avenues to the plantations. There was
thick underbrush both sides except where the flames
had cleared it, and the tall pines made music with
the wind, on the magnificent live oaks. the moss or
air plant floated in the breeze, hanging down many
feet, and waving with every motion of the wind.

There are no hills here - some sand and but little
dust. I have not seen a Stone since I came here - We
reach'd the place about 1, like all others it had been
handsome, large tree boxwood paths leading far away
from the house - The negroes told us the house was
[underline] haunted [/underline]! the people were said to be more cruel
to their slaves than any on the Island not far
was a building where they had Stocks, etc. for punishing
them, but when they found the Yankees coming
they took out the instruments of torture and buried


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them - Here we saw a wild horse, captured the night
before. I strok'd and patted it for they had tired it
out - conquering it.

I think I told you of our ride of 14 miles on 2nd day
to the home of Dr Wetheridge, once, once of the most beautiful
places on the Island. You cannot imagine what
a wilderness it is now - deer and wild horses frequently
seen - - We have established a school in one of the
rebel houses as they were all deserted, large parlors
with folding doors, and get along very well. I have
over 20 grown folks, one woman brings a baby 3 [months]
old. they are very attentive and learn rappidly -

4th day took a walk of 1 mile to see a sick man
carried him bacon, clothes, etc., and for the first time
saw a Mill for grinding corn, two big stones and
three of 4 people turning them, It is hard work
and done after their weary days toil -

Evening - While H.A. and Mary have gone to prayer
meeting, I will finish this, I went this morning
and no language of mine can give you an [underline] idea [/underline].
it lasted about an hour and a half, 106 in attendance
old and young, the hymns were pretty, and the
preaching remarkable - three colored men - most


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of the advice was good. I wish I could give the
exact words - gestures, and exhortations, [underline] grandly terrible [/underline]
Some, really eloquent others, All told them to "tank
de Lord! We had put in de hearts ob de people
to go out and fight for you's - he put in dere hearts
to come down h'ar and teach you de word of God, he brot
'em over rivers and over de mighty ocean to teach us,
he sent 'em and now if ye dont want to slight de
Lord, dont slight dem, ye mus min em and larn
his word so dat dis place may be like paradise raised
in glory - Many of yous my bredern likes you houses
so well when ye ought to be in de house of de Lord
woshipen Him - One of the speakers was perfectly
happy, said "you must be contented weve got our
freedom, we knows more when we work, every blow is for
our selves de Lords promise has cum true, [?] is de
lan of Canaan & you dat dont min de Lord will be
going back to Egypt - into darkness, deth will trip
ye up, and it will be a terrible fall." I cannot
pretend to give you an idea, or how when certain things
were said voices would murmer, or groan out Amen! Amen!

Your letters with Dr Rhoads reach'd me last 5th day
just two weeks after they were mail'd, I have not


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been home-sick there is so much to do. Am very well
'tho have not tasted bread since I have been here, as
we have nothing to bake it in. have short-cake 3 times
a day put in a pan and another over it with coals on
top. When our goods come we shall be quite comfortable

Sixth day went to see a girl that was sick. I knew she
could not live, was burried on 7th day PM Is 15 and leaves
a child 8 months old, I ask'd her father if she was married
he replied "no she was engaged but the man trick'd her"
Oh! My the the curse of slavery. how it has blasted the
morral of the Land that nurs'd it - -

11th [Month] 6th [1865]

My dear sister - I did not want to use
a pencil yesterday, so had to post-pone writing and would
not now only we are expecting a steamer to bring our boxes !!
and you will be looking for your weekly letter, I believe
I promis'd to tell you all and now announce my first
spell of sickness, up to yesterday week I was perfectly well
then began to go down hill, and by 4th day was confined
to my bed with dysentery tried many kinds of medicines
and was very thankful I had them with me, 5th day
I was still too weak to sit up, and had much pain in my


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head, [underline] which disappeared [/underline] when in the eve HA. return'd
from Charleston, and sent me up [underline] eight-letters [/underline]. Oh it was
the best medicine I could have had - For a while
I could only hold them close to me and feel that they
had come - Afterward was a long treat of 58 pages, and
for two days after I lay in peace, amid the memory of
those letters, HA. was very kind, read a great deal to me
so the time past less wearily, offered to send for a Dr.
but I hoped to get well without and he was 20 miles off
and had to cross a River where more than likely there would
be no [underline] row boat [/underline] -

3rd day I am feeling much better and hope soon
to be quite well. We had a terrible storm here 7th day
You cannot immagine a Southern Storm, the Ocean
roars, the waters come up high and moan constantly in
their unceasing motion and the wind blows furiously
under, above, and around the house, Perhaps in 10 minutes
the sun burst out gloriously. And all is dry again

11th [Month] 19th

My dear Mother Father & Sister,

I did not go to Sabbath school [?] morning
as we did not think it best to leave the house, so


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I will write letters as I have many to answer.

I am sitting here with the window open and the
beautiful sunshine pouring in, I often raise my eyes
to glance at the sheet of water which glistens and ripples
toward the Shore, occasionally I hear a boatmans song as
they move about on their [underline] flats [/underline] or [underline] dug outs [/underline], often at night,
we hear voices on the water and it sounds sweetly
tho no words can be understood, you know the musical
nature of these people, We have had lovely weather
the past few days, soft, balmy air like spring time, yesterday
the mercury stood at 98 in the sun 67 at dark, it has not
been below 50 so you may know I enjoy it, My health
is entirely restored - Last 2nd day four weeks after our arrival
a [underline] steamer [/underline] actually [underline] came [/underline], we all went down to meet it, I
cannot describe these scenes, and each time wish for
a [underline] Photographer [/underline]. on the banks are dusky forms of every
size, sex, and fashion, bonnetless, hatless, huddled
in groups, assembled in squads, while some are on
picket, the [underline] 4 white [/underline] folks pass by the file, hear the murmer
"deres de ladies", on the Wharf which is pretty well covered
with ebonies, many holding bits of pine wood for a light -

The [underline] Planter [/underline] ,moves magesticaly nearer, ropes are thrown,
orders given, and soon the observed of all observers,


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is fasten'd to the wharf, soon the Captain appears, and
coming to us cordially shakes hand, for are we not old
friends? He is watch'd by the eager crowd, for that
afternoon I told 80 children of Robert Small and
his brave deeds of loyalty, not one has forgotten
his name, and as we stood there MS question'd them
of what they had learn'd, the [number] of States, about the Presidents, Capitals
etc. they answered promptly and ended by singing Whittier's peice
"Oh none in all the world before, Were half so glad as we,
Were free on Carolina's Shore ... We're all at home and free"

Before long two boxes appear'd we then returned to the
house after getting the mail our boxes contain'd dishes, lamps, cooking
utensils, some books & clothing. we were very glad to receive
them, will look for the beds, bedding & chairs & stove just when
we see [underline] another Steamer [/underline], I have made bread, but it had to
be taken near a [quarter] of a mile to be bak'd as there is but one
stove in these parts and that in Knickerbockers kitchen
they are the other white folks here, we were there to dine
last 5th day because we had a [underline] duck [/underline] and they had a pudding
so we went together, oysters are very small, and so thick
we cannot walk on the shore without cutting our feet -
we use condens'd milk, there is but one cow here and
they get but little milk, sent me some for my chocolate
when I was sick - Sixth day I made several calls


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Oh how they do live here - I feel as if I wanted to go round
and gather up all the unused things in the North, plenty have
neither dish, spoon, knives a fork, roast potatoes in the ashes
open oysters in the fire, and huddle in houses, sleeping on the
floor with their clothes on, but we can hardly make them
do better, till they have something to do with -

11th [Month] 27th

Yesterday was such a lovely day it slipp'd
off, without my getting a single letter written so
I will have to hurry up now, I have a piece of news
to tell you Last 6th day morning HAE came from Charleston
and brought a Steamer with our boxes, I mean the buckets
beadsteads - mattresses - pillow, chairs etc. so we are
really grand now in our style of living, and [last]
night - the first time in 7 weeks we slept between
sheets, and on husk mattresses instead of bags of
straw, that our things were pack'd in, and then we
had hair pillows instead of the saw-dust that came
round my fruit, I guess now we are all better off than
any in Dixie, the box from Dr R. and the Stove have
not yet arrived we are very busy giving out rations they
have been cut off, except for old people and those not
able to work - do not be uneasy about my comfort
I have all I deserve and so long as my letters
dont fail all will be well -


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Dear Father

While all the rest have gone to prayer [meeting]
I will begin a letter to thee. This has been a most
beautiful warm day, the mercury at 76 at 3 oclock this
PM in our room where there is no fire, the air is dry and
pure nearly always warm when it rains though the wind
makes a great noise. the houses are not built near as
tightly as at the North are frame and only one row of boards
and the plastering and the window frames very loose -

This Island contains about 50,000 acres and 1400 people
this is the only village on it, and who ever heard of a
village without post office, Store, blacksmith or Rum
M Evans will not allow one cents worth of the last article
to be sold on the Island, Those that came early have
quite large crops, there is one man whose boy come to
school, that they say rais'd a thousand dollars worth
of cotton, corn and sweet potatoes, etc. The [Superintendent] fills the
situation well and it is a responsible one, there are
so many difficulties to settle, we have great troubles
in school by their changing their names, they generally take
the one of the man who own'd them or else have only one
For instance one boy, had nothing but Titus till his
Father came to see me, I would not let him have his
old Masters name, so the Father said he would have his
Government! Jacob Government - I knew it was


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U.S. not confederate so I christened the boy and
and made him stick to it. Most of them are
getting along well at school - Two more teachers
are coming soon to a plantation 8 miles from
here - there are a hundred children there I was
at the home the other day and returned glad that
we were settled at head quarters -

We are very anxious to know what Congress will
do, so many great men like Sumner [Underlined: [?] Johnson
I suppose we ought, but it seems hard work -

12th [Month] 21st

I will begin a letter to you though I
I have no idea when it will get to the office, but
I want you to know that at last our goods came
a cook stove, box from Dr R, and the one from you
I was so glad to get it because it seem'd like a
living something right from those I love I knew
the time you would have packing it and [underline] every thing [/underline]
call'd to mind loveing remembrances, May the
great Father help me to be worthy of all the loving
kindness and affection which comes to me from
the dear hearts afar off, Surely he does bless me
with human love, which finds no barrier in distance,
no check in the ever-heaping waters that
roll unceasingly between us Your words & thoughts


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the absent one, are borne by an invisible dove and
laid like olive branches on the home altar in my
hearts most sacred sanctuary, Their sweet influences
purifies every deed, enobles every action and strengthens
every good purpose - And yet with all this, how
often I face how much is left undone, poor weak
human nature, strive as it may, how little is accomplished.
We are too apt to be satisfied with the
opportunities of doing good that [underline] come to us [/underline] instead
of searching them out, "seeking that we may find",
them "doing what our hands find to do"

Even here we spend much time in talking etc.
and I wonder sometimes if it is wrong or whether it
is only cultivating our own social faculties
two things it does [underline] rest me [/underline] and keeps me
from being [underline] home sick [/underline], important things
aren't they !! -

Rockville 12th [Month] 31st 1865

My dear Mother

Thine of the 21st reach'd me yesterday
and now the last evening of the old year finds my heart
turning to that good Mother whose devoted love has bless'd
it so many years. The memory of her deep affection is
sacredly treasured in the inner sanctuary, her bright


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example is an ever present help in the pathway of
life. Now with the dawning of the new year comes
the earnest resolution to walk more closely in the
course she would approve, to follow more faithfully
the precepts of Jesus, so that the duties of this life
may be rightfully perform'd and, be worth of
the language "Well done good and faithful servant
when the soul shall receive its crown of immortality
in the eternal home of rest, where the just are made
perfect and "the pure in heart shall see God"

It is well that my religion does not depend upon
outward forms and ceremonies, but can turn within
to the manifestations of divine truth, even amid the
false theories, and narrow prejudices which shrouds
so many in darkness and stands like a barrier between
the soul and its Maker. All doctrines I hear advanced
here, seek Salvation thro the blood of Christ and
imagine that must atone for Adams sin, It seems
strange and unreal to me, yet I shall maintain
my own faith, perhaps feeling more clearly the
simple purity of the principles in which I was
educated -

Second day morning, Last 6th day at half past 10 oclock
we 4 and 3 boatmen started in a little boat we put
up the sail and glided over the smooth waters


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25

out into Edisto river, then up the most winding
streams I ever saw, at 1.35 we came to the Sloop Rebecca
and by invitation of the Captain crawl'd up and fasten'd
our craft behind, the jibing, tacking, etc. were quite
interesting, but at last the wind went down and we
concluded to try [underline] oars [/underline], so at [half] 3 descended to our own boat
and watch'd the hundreds of wild ducks [?] hovered
around, on either side were marshes and rice plantations,
the latter have to be overflow'd with fresh water
by means of flood gates, the distance is about 25 miles, at
5 oclock we landed on Jehossee Island, and after a short
walk thro a beautiful grove of oaks, arrived at the
elegant home of Ex Governor Akins of South Carolina
He owns the whole Island and has a splendid place there
roses all in bloom, marble vases and statuary thro the yard

We were kindly welcom'd by two New England teachers
they had only been there two weeks, they are sisters
and very inteligent - we took them a frying pan
pie-dish and two spoons fearing they had none, which
was true and they were greatly obliged - We took our own
provision - bedding - knives & forks etc. so together we
had a real nice time, they have a large school in
the billiard Saloon - we left next morning at 10. no
wind, so we had to row, rained occasionally but we
huddled together and put up the umbrella. came


[page break]

26

by Edisto, landed and took a 4 oclock dinner with
teachers, that were here Christmas, they have a beautiful
place 11 Japonicas in bloom, We then left for
home and came in the moonlight, reaching here
at 8 oclock Oh! doubly glad to get back to our home
at Rockville. I would not give this for either of them

Just as we were starting we were sadden'd by hearing
that two teachers had been drowned, they were from
Massachusetts, went to cross a creek (or river) with a gentleman
that had come from Charleston to spend
the holidays with them, it was a small Batto only
suitable for one person and very leaky, they reach'd the
the other side in safety, and when returning their
friends begged them not to venture, Oh! it was so
[underline] reckless [/underline], soon after they went out screams were
heard and all went down, one of the ladies was found
next day, guns were fired and efforts were made to
recover the others but they were fruitless, they were
intimate with the two we visited and expected to
spend the week with them, it was about 8 oclock
Christmas night they were lost - their freinds were
telegraph'd and written to, was'nt it sad? -


[page break]

P 27

Rockville 1st [Month] [?]

My dear dear Mother

We have not heard from
the office for 12 days, but I know there are many
letters there for me, and I am feeling rather dull
for the want of them, This has been such a beautiful
day I have wanted much to be where the dear ones
loved me - We spent several hours in school and at
[?] J. heard some pretty good preaching, but I felt
quite lonely even amid it all, and yet the time has
pass'd rapidly and there is much work for us to do
here, yet I sometimes wonder if I am doing any permanent
good, I know this is foolish and I have no right to
to stop one moment in the path of duty, because I cannot
see the end. If I am only faithful in little things, and
trying always to do what is right there is no doubt but
what some good even if small may be done, it is a great
field of labor and I hope I may not be found wanting
in my efforts, to do what may be right - I have been much
happier here than I expected and this is almost the first
time I have felt lonely, and I know this will all be
gone by tomorrow morning - Last 2nd day the colored
people had a meeting, we went there were several
good speakers there from Edisto and much said
that was good, there were many there that it


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28

seems hard to believe were ever slaves, they talk'd
and discuss'd well. All seem willing to do right
and so anxious, one was teaching them to be polite
for their own sakes, to show the world they had manners
and could act like men. We say, "you all know
in old times there were a few favorites on the plantation
because they did a little more to the masters
notion, now I want to do just to uncle Sam's notion
then may be when I want any thing I can get it"
he told them they had a broad field of labor to work
in one way but we must not go one inch against the
government, it has done much for us and now
we must do something for it - We told them we were
their freinds, and would teach them, and do all
we could for them - they then offered a vote of
thanks to the Ladies and the whole audience
rose and bow'd, there was gratitude in their faces
and in our heart great thankfulness that here on
the soil of South Carolina loyal color'd men could
meet in open daylight and discuss their own opinions,
surely it looks as if there was something to
redeem it, - - -


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29

Second day evening

My dear Sister

It is now 9 oclock and I have
just settled down to my evening work. It rained
so last week that H.A. did not get to the city so we were
12 days without hearing from the office, yesterday, a Steamer
call'd to leave our mail. 13 letters and the papers for me

I must tell thee of one [underline] great adventure [/underline], we have visited
Seabrook Island and walked over the very places were
2000 of our Soldiers were encamp'd among them the
97th [Pennsylvania]. It must have been very beautiful there
with a long beach where we gathered shells, In the
trees were bird boxes, placed there by some of our
brave soldiers, but now there is utter desolation -
every where their [underline] tents [/underline] must have been very pretty
reaching from beach to beach and the moss hanging
to grace freely from the trees Oh! well I am truly glad
they are no longer needed, for it is [?] of constant
thankfulness that peace has again spread her white
wings over our beloved country, and stand with open
arms ready to receive our whole Nation, so soon as we
make justice and the rights of all our guide.


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30

Rockville 2nd [Month] 4th 1866

My dear Mother

My day for writing has again
come round, and finds me seated by the open fire
with pen in hand, outside it looks as if snow was
hovering above waiting to fall, it is cold and we feel it
here, we had not heard from the office for 13 days, and
waited anxiously for H.A. to return from Charleston
when he came imagine my feelings when he landed
me only 4 letters, and no papers, I knew they must be
somewhere for I could not feel that you had forgotten the
weekly communication with me, I almost wept I
wanted them so much, We thought perhaps they were
at Edisto - so I borrowed a boat, got 3 of our schollars
to row and we all started over after supper, It was a
splendid evening bright moonlight and we did
enjoy it, went 8 miles, stop'd at the famous Seabrook
plantation since the most beautiful in South Carolina, left
our boat and all walked 2 [and a half] miles to the head quarters where
we found our treasures, mine 8 letters and 3 packages of
papers, it was late and without sitting down, we return'd
to our boat, I was not tired after my 5 mile walk but
thoughts it paid well, and while we moved over the
waters of the North Edisto 480 feet deep the glittering


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31

stars and bright silver moon looking down upon us,
I read thoughts written by the loved one, 900 miles
away. It brought you very near to me then, and my
heart was happy in the assurance that time and distance
did not lessen the love and affection which paves the the
path of duty with ever blooming flowers, Before we
reach'd home my new birth-day came, and I accepted
the letters as a gift, - what record of this is written above
where we are "judg'd by our fruits", Much time wasted -
many duties unperformed, yet with a knowledge of all
the failing, a consciousness of the many errors, my
heart so loves and trust, the Good Father, that it humbly
believes his mercy and goodness are not withdrawn
and when he bids the immortal "come up higher"
it will not be refused a little corner in the Mansions
not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens" -

Rockville 2 [Month] 12th [1866]

To the Association

My kind friends,

After many days of
watching our eyes were gladden'd by a
Steamer and I was made very happy by the receipt
of a box from dear old Darby, until you are placed
in the same situation you cannot imagine


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32

how when it was being open'd, I laid my hands on it
as something that loved ones had [underline] touched [/underline] and when
I saw the [underline] inside [/underline], every piece seem'd a silent message
from those who have not forgotten the destitute children
of the same heavenly Parent, they need all that you
are willing to give and my heart was full of gratitude
for the many remembrances, and I scarcely know
how to thank you sufficiently for all the good
things and the letters. Oh! I how glad I say, and
with what pleasure I perused them. If you could
have step'd in and seen me unpacking, you would
indeed have thought "it was blessed to give" not
only to me but to those you may never see -

We have lately been in the habit of getting them
to bring some little thing as a [?] those
who rais'd crops last year and lately moved can
do it, you would be amused at some of our
bargains, a dress for a "ten penny size" chicken,
baby clothes for a dozen eggs, (which often means 11)
a shirt for half peck of sweet potatoes, a petticoat for
some "grit" or white hominy ground in a genuine
plantation mile, which is two huge stones turn'd
by 3 men or women, the latter do much of the
work down here - One day there were several children
here that walk'd seven miles, each had something


[page break]

33

but one little girl kept her back a box covered
She was so bashful I opened it and found it fill'd
with [underline] fragrant flowers [/underline], the offering of a child,
heart, you may know she received some clothes -

There are some such touching incidents, yet
it is not always so human nature is nearly
the same every where, and when its natural tendences
to good, have been so long [?], who
can we expect more than really exists -

4th [Month] 29th 1866

My dear Sister

I have just returned from
Sabbath School, where we have nearly an hundred
children. I have quite a class in the Testaments
and endeavor to teach them to follow the golden
rule and live right every day, so by their fruit,
they would be known, that mere prayer and attending
Church would not bring peace, this is different
from what some teach here, and I sometimes long to,
snatch them from such narrow bigoted views and
draw rather than frighten them to Heaven, But
if I am faithful in my every day duty, to
these children, perhaps the Father will not
think I have neglected his work, How thankful


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34

I am that I need no Church no form no
human help, to lead my soul into that sweet
communion, where it can hold converse
with the Divine Spirit, and receive from him
that light, which will if attended too guide my
feet in the pathway of blessedness, and clothe
the immortal nature with that purity which
the narrow prejudice of the world cannot lessen
or destroy -

Yesterday I had a delightful ride
on the Pony, went to a place 5 miles distant, gave
some directions to Small pox patients, had a talk
with the working people, saw their mud houses
the others all burn'd down, and came home
feeling much better, Oh! if thee could ride
with me thru some of these long avenues and
see the beauty and grandeur of natures spring
garments, flowers blooming everywhere and
the soft balmy air thrilling with the sweet
warble of many songsters - nature here always
cures my home sickness or loneliness for my
soul seems trap'd in the arms of the
Great Spirit and lifted higher and nearer
Devine Goodness from which all these blessings
spring -


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35

Rockville 4th [Month] 1866.

My dear Mother and Friends [First] day

At last I have the satisfaction of answering
the arrival of the [second] Box, you were so kind to send [underline] us [/underline] and
our people. Yesterday we saw the [underline] Planter [/underline] coming into
Rockville, as usual we started to the wharf, met [underline] Captain
Small [/underline], who told me the box was on board, I had look'd
and waited so long, it was a glad surprize - And
now how can I thank you, words are weak to express
the feelings which overwhelm'd me, as I open'd the bag
of private contributions and saw how one after another
had given evidence of kind remembrance, The things
are all good and acceptable, but my dear dear Friends
there was more than the visible tokens, each one seem'd
sanctified by a sweet message from your spirits unto
mine, whispering of kindly thoughts, speaking in a
silent language words of comfort and cheer, Tears of joy
were waiting as my eyes rested on the ship, which
mark'd the giver, I can only prove my appreciation
of all your goodness, by more earnestly striving
to be worth of it - Following in the path of


[page break]

36

and duty, may bring its own reward, but it [underline] is [/underline]
Oh it [underline] is [/underline] such unspeakable happiness to find the
flowers of affection and friendship and remembrance
springing up in the waste places - to welcome their
bright colors and sweet fragrance, amid the rocks
and stones, to know that they are [underline] growing [/underline] though the
pathway is rugged and sometimes trodden alone
No! not [underline] alone [/underline] for the Presence of the Father is felt
walking with every Spirit that will be guided by his
Divine will, and the lights of his increasing love,
can dispel all shadows and fill the heart with that
peace, which the world cannot take away -

I am indeed far, far away from all the human
love and affection, which makes life desirable,
But the Omnipotent One is with me "a very [underline] present
help in trouble [/underline], and under the shadow of his [?]
my soul ever finds peace and rest - If anticipated
pleasures are delay'd, or darkness gathers around, my
heart grows quiet again, by going out and ministering
to some of our Fathers down trodden children, or
wandering amid the beauties of this summer land
where a full appreciation of the workmanship
of his hands fills the heart with immutable


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37

praise and raises the soul higher and higher
till it "sees thro nature up to Nature's God"

My trusting faith never fails me, it is
a strength in every weakness, a support in every
trial, a daily, hourly presence, which sustains me
in the [underline] small [/underline] as well as great events which are
transpiring in the love and confidence and interest
felt by those afar off, is a great comfort to me -

Evening - I left this to attend Meeting
and wish some of you could have been here.
"Uncle Dundee" made one of the most pleading
earnest prayers I ever listen'd to - There we were
gathered in what was once the Episcopal Church of
traitors, [underline] now [/underline] occupied by free Men and Woman
and in the pulpit, an humble Christian jet
black slave, with his whole heart and soul, supplicating
the Father of all, I cannot describe the
earnestness of his manner as he cried "Oh Lord!
be pleased to come down and feed His waiting people
who are hungry for a crumb from thy table - search
our hearts, and remove every thing that is not pleasing
in thy sight - Oh Lord be pleas'd to brighten our


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38

prospects, enlarge our hope, strengthen our faith
enlighten our understandings and not let us
forget the blessed promise, that where two or three
are gathered together in thy name, there thou art
in the midst of them"

M.S. went over to where we are teaching
about 3 miles to have Sabbath school, after I came
from Meeting, I was alone, and we had one of the
most terrific thunderstorms I ever saw, The house
almost flooded, so many windows broken out, and
it rain'd so [underline] thick [/underline] I could not see 4 feet out, I was
[underline] entirely alone [/underline] and yet [not afraid] for the author
of the Storm had me in his keeping" ---

My Dear Father 5th [Month]

I wrote a long letter to thee the
first of last [month], but Mother writes it was not received
so I will write again - Many of the Planters had not
the means to carry on their plantations and have rented
them to Northern men for from one to two thousand
dollars a year, the colored people raise all the cotton
they can, and when the planter has found half the
hoes mules, etc., they give him half the cotton, each
one has the privilege of raising as much corn, potatoes,
melons, etc., as they want for their own use, [underline] and they do not


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39

share that [/underline], On some places the Planter pays 50 [cents] a task
and steady good hands can do from 2 to 5 tasks a day,
those who do this keep a Store on the place where the people
can buy provisions, etc. The women can work in the
field as well as the men, and get paid the same, quite
small children can earn their own living -

The ground is very soft and sandy, has to be bedded
up or "listed" with a hoe then bank'd up like celery beds -
quite a handful of cotton is planted in one place after
it comes up, is hoed and then gone over several times till
there is only one stalk left - it is so tender several have to
grow up together, A good place will raise from one to two
hundred pounds to the acre, and this is considered very
productive soil. They do not use the whole plantation
at once, one half must rest, in some places we see
the [underline] ridges [/underline] where it was growing 25 years ago with huge
pine trees in them. In the 4 years that this Island was
not cultivated it grew into a wilderness; large trees
had to be cut down before they could prepare the ground.

The colored people have some trouble in finding places
to live as on many of the plantations the quarters were
burn'd down some are living in houses or camps made
made of upright sticks then covered with brush and
dirt they sleep in these places and build fires out of
doors to cook their hominy


[page break]

40

They have many wrong ideas and it will take a
long time before they can be chang'd, of course we
expect this, Slavery was the cause of all, and these
things only go to prove that it was a great evil
One thing they think they never must work in the
field on 7th days, that is the time the women stay
home to wash & clean up their houses and the men
will not work in the field unless they do they go
fishing etc. - -

Island Home 5th [Month]

My dear Mother and Sisters

Last 1st day [General] Scott and [Reverend]
M French stop'd on their way from Savannah, the
latter preach'd here, Glad you had such a good
time at Yearly Meeting but Mother dear thee read
my letters to so many people, I fear they will
think me better than I am - this is certainly a
great field of labor, but I am only one humble
worker in it, only one of the little ones that can drop
the seed in soil, broken by the sufferings of War
but enriched by a spirit of justice & liberty - Our
Father and time, must produce the harvest -

This morning the first time for 5 years a
white congregation assembled in the Presbyterian


[page break]

41

Church here, notice was sent us, and we went - the
[Reverend] M. D. spoke, about 50 persons there. His prayer was
good, did not forget the "rulers of the Land", hoped they
would be benifitted by what they had pass'd through
etc. Not much politics in the sermon, suited to those
who believe in the resurrection of [underline] body [/underline] and [underline] soul [/underline]
but I never want to think that [underline] anyone [/underline] " will go from
heaven down into hell and there be a monument
of the [underline] wrath of God [/underline] through all eternity", all this if
they don't believe just so. I felt like telling him
what old Sojourner Truth said to a Copperhead, when
he remark'd that God Almighty made the colored
people for slaves and intended them to be," she replied
" [underline] Sir you [/underline] aint [underline] acquainted with [/underline] God Almighty!
[underline] that's what's the matter with you [/underline]" And it really
seem'd to me that this man could not be very familliar
with Him, whose name is love, or he would not have
made such an assertion. But I will let him rest, very
likely the idol of Slavery has stood so long between him
and the Infinite One, he never got near enough to
[underline] know [/underline] that the Maker of Heaven and Earth is our
Father, and he that doeth "his will shall enter into the
kingdom of heaven"


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42

Rockville
6th [Month] 17th 1866

"I sometimes wish myself if in these self
invents [?] we do not merely enter the vestibule
of the hearts sanctuary not daring to tread the
more secluded chambers, because they are fill'd
with unrealized human hopes, and the walls are
covered with pictures we will not tear away, often
refusing the strong light of the [underline] present [/underline] and alas!
for often making them the Shrine which thoughts
and feeling bow before as an idol, Let the dead
past bury its dead" Tenderly [underline] sacredly silently [/underline]
it may be laid in the sepulcher but Oh! do not
bury the living [underline] present [/underline] in a vaulted tomb, for it
clothes the outworn life in casements that will not
be penetrated, "The pure and holy memories can be
bound to the eternal, only by a chain made of the
little link of each passing day, and the material cannot
be found in the moments that have gone forever from us
I treasure all around us is the [underline] one [/underline] which only
needs the faithful labor of hearts and hands


[page break]

43

to make one more [?] that is reaching nearer
and nearer the end [?] the most
valuable hour to pass thro the firey furnance
but it comes for the purified even then
it needs molding and polishing before
it can be fitted to the more perfect [?]
part, Whether we labor or not this chain is
ever being form'd and what will be our
feelings when [underline] we [/underline] standing at the other
end, look back with spiritual eyes and see
places where the beauty and symmetry are spoil'd
not because hands returned to labor, but the
eyes and thoughts were away from the
work, discontented and unsatisfied
because the [?] was weary and dearest
hopes were not realized -

Each individual soul must use the
material around it for its own advancement
and when ever the small things are appropriated
to the most noble purpose, the eternal
light comes down and brightens every blessing.

We are indeed weak frail creatures erring


[page break]

44

often suffering often for our faults
and yes, every harsh word suppressed, every
unkind word muttered, every rooting out
of pride and prejudice is a conquest, is one
step nearer, and one round higher [underline] is [/underline] one ray of
divine light which will guide us on our way

While we are in [Crossed out: our way] the world
we must be of the World, not content with
wishing to go to heaven, but striving all in our
power to [underline] bring [/underline] heaven to us, not only giving
affection but drawing it from all around us, to do
this we must "watch and pray". Most of all watch
the thoughtless utterances which are but froth from
[?] feelings, or quickn'd pride, yet poison'd
the atmosphere in which they are created -

I have great faith in prayer not merely asking
for a better heart. I want that Gods power may
strengthen me just at the moment I am most
[underline] strongly [/underline] [underline] tempted [/underline]. [underline] that [/underline] is just the time to ask for
it - Who could every say many angry or unkind
words, if at the beginning, the lips were closed,
and right out of the [underline] heart [/underline] there went up a


[page break]

45

silent cry Father help thy child, give me
strength to be calm" Who cannot bear
to hear and endure the petty annoyances
of every day life, when we remember they are
earning our Souls for eternity -

Life here is a field where every laborer
is needed and the work that each and every one
as to do, can only be. can only be realiz'd when
we are enabled to say from the heart "not my
will but thine Oh Father be done" - this must be
no lip offering; it must be an entire willingness
if (not only submission) to walk in the paths he has
appointed for us - then let us fulfill our mission
without questioning his purposes and he will
not reject our faith and trust in him -


[page break]

[No page number]

[underline] Written 1st Month 1831 in a season of Mournful Meditation [/underline]

A new year has commenced - but oh how different
from the last, from all preceeding ones to me, for God
in his infinite goodness, has taken a beloved parent to
himself - He who gave me being is now numbered with
those whom the cold earth has hid from mortal view -
Oh my Mother! am I never again to address thee by that
tender name! Yes it is too true I saw thee sicken - I saw
thee yield up thy gentle spirit to him who gave it -
And ye who have lost the dearest objects in nature, you can
recognize my heart-rending sensations when call'd at
midnight to take the last hour of her who was the idol of
my heart - it was at her request that I had retired to bed
for a short time, and how fervently did I beseech of him, in
whom I had full confidence, to spare her yet longer - tho
through adorable mercy I could say thy will not mine be done.

I hastened to her room, she was surrounded by her husband
and children and I saw she was in the agonies of death.
Oh how I felt nature refused to yield the briny tears
of relief - I wept not - yet in that keen hour of affliction
I felt the all sustaining [loss of text] of power underneath
to support the sinking soul, and tho the waves of
sorrow flow'd over her suffered not their tempestuouos
billows to overwhelm me - I knelt down by her bedside
and supplicated the Father of mercies (not that she might
live, for I saw that her departing spirit was already winging
its way to Paradise) but that he would sustain her
and grant her an easy passage thro the dark valley of
the shadow of death - And oh Almighty Father thou
knowst all things thou knowest that I look'd to thee
alone for strength - and wilt thou be pleased to
keep me in the hollow of the holy house - wilt thou
stamp with an indelible impression on this stony
heart of mine the last council of my dear sainted
Mother - Oh that I may indeed oftener than the
morning approach thy holy alter and commune with
thee - suffer I beneath thee the Sin of Righteousness to
arise with healing in his wings, for thou hast promised
to comfort those that mourn, and pour into their hearths
the oil of joy - What a deep lesson of instruction is the deathbed
of a christian - Who could behold the solemn scene
I have witnessed with ordinary emotions - Surrounded



[page break]

[no page number]

as my dear Mother was by the tenderest ties that could
bind her to the earth, yet she could bid all farewell and
cheerfully resign her soul to him who gave it while adoration
and praises dwelt on her tongue till she ceased to breathe -/

Oh I thought when gazing with agoniz'd feelings on those
eyes so late bright and beautiful, but now closing forever
could even my selfish nature wish to prolong her stay or
detain her one moment from entering that peaceful city
none of whose inhabitants can say "I am sick"
Methought I could spiritually discern angels and archangels
hovering near to conduct her emancipated spirit to the
[?] of [?] belief spirit burst the bonds of mortality
and absconded no doubt with them to join the angelic
host the general assembly, and church of the first born
whose names are written in the lambs book of life - it shall not
shine on it nor any heart, but the Lamb that is in the
midst of the throne shall feed it and shall lead it into fountains
of living waters, and God shall wipe away all tears from
its eyes - She had been lovely in life and she was beautiful
in death, tho the vital spark had gone a heavenly smile
rested in her countenance which bespoke her disembodied
soul to be at rest - But can words with all their flowery eloquence
convey the feelings of my heart, when I impress'd the last
kiss on her pale face, when I look'd for the last time on those
lovely features on which I had so often gazed with fond delight
Oh my soul! had not the heavenly comforter been near to
support and speak peace in this time of heartrendering sorrow
thou would'st indeed have been overwhelmed in the mighty
waters of affliction, Oh that I may adopt the language of the Poet
Give what thou wilt to those thee we are poor
And with thee rich take what thou wilt away -
The happy prospect of a reunion in the world of spirits, mitigates
in some degree the trial of parting, and I desire
not length of life, nor the transitory enjoyments of this
world, their fading luster has been stained in my view
and I humbly hope may ever remain to be so - but I
desire to be clothed with the unsearchable riches of Christ
to be adorned with the robes of righteousness, wash'd &
made clean in the blood of the Lamb - that whether
I die or live it may be all to his glory, Alas! I sometimes
fear I shall never attain to this happy state, then again the
consoling Language is sounded in my spiritual ear "fear
not for I am with thee, be not dismayed for I am thy God


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