College news, December 5, 1951

|
j

Sabine Treats
Two Theories
“Of Democracy.











siNOky XLVII-NO, V9

F ry
ARDMORE and BRYN MAWR, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1951

Copyright, Trustees of
Bryn Mawr College, 1951

PRICE 20 CENTS



JF rench & English Ideas
. Show Similarity |
Yet Differ

% “To? ‘consider: the historical and

philosophical questions about the

. context in which “The Two Demo- |

..¢ratic: Traditions” arose, was the

“at ‘Cornell University in his lecture

in’ Goodhart on Monday, Dec. 3.
“OF these ‘two democratic tradi-

% lena one. is more characteristicaily

., Anglo-Saxon, the second more

characteristically French. To un-|
_ derstand the end results of the an-

“alysis of these traditions, one must
‘Sanderstand that the theory of

sidemmeteey has linked together the
utwe ideals of liberty and equality,

-‘ Although they sometimes create
‘ dilemimas, in that neither can be
gbandoned,: and that they have not
“always united easily, they have

“never. “beshn’ "exclided in the prac-
tical purposes of democracy. . 4

“Tt9s out of periods of unrest and
ete iié: change that ideals such as
“Aiberty and equality spring. Our
“aed sprang out of two such per-
“ fods;"the Puritan, revolution of the
mid-seyenteenth century and tHe
es “French: Revolution a century latet |

AS is customary each of the revo- °

_ dutions had, its philosopher, Locke
pe England. and . Rousseau i
; “France, ‘Historians say that the
two generalizations are pertinen ie
“to both. revolutions; they are th
rise ‘tg, power... of the mi class
a fit the disappearance of “feudal-
; In, Desiand, the Puritans actual
Wy. were seeking to restore a prig.
. tine . English ‘constitution such 2s

5

tthe, ‘Magna Carta, believing that |

-they.-were ‘struggling -toward the
Restoration of their “birthright”,
«Khe: Puritan Revolution was actu-
ally a contest of religious sects,
«aon determinéd to find ‘fpeedom
for. its .own “beliefs and Rasocig
fy sano
i¢fBhe ‘result was a political com.
pico ‘because the radicals, even
r@tomwell,’" could not regard the’
rwhole ‘as’ a’ political quesiton. The
2 final decisions in 1688 ‘were void of
rigaly of the’ pre-supposed changes
Sint parliamentarian ° representation —
Nana fet the’ crown legally power-
}éss. ‘The'two results were religi+
ous toleration—the end of religi+
ous conflicts—and the freedom of
‘minorities. ‘ft ‘led to realization
‘ of'the’principle which no free gov-
‘ernment can ignore; that a free
: driiment ‘can ignore—that | a. free
: John Locke, a generation after |
wards, summed up the three prin.
‘ciples derived ‘from ‘this democratic |
; development. The first is that re-
‘Iigion 4s completely free of politi-
chl 3 society and not a charge of the.
ee , Secondly, the people are
dsohable adults and morally gov-
" ‘themselves; the. government
Site replaced while the society
i never dissolves. Lastly, Locke
dy With the Aristotelian - phil-
-osophy, that, society will contain a’

‘

i ite

maze of voluntary associatéens and|—

_ Continued on Page 6, Col. 3.

ae



by Jane Augustine, °52

For the reader to understand the
basis of this review, it is necessary
to explain the qualifying circum-
stances. The reviewer saw Othello
both Thursday and _ Saturday
nights, thinking that a fairer judg-
ment could be made from two per-
| formances than from one. The re-
viewer has also studied the play
in some detail, and to see perform-



\_ purpose of ‘Dr. George H. Sabirle,! ed a play which one knows isa

Professor Emeritus» of Philosophy different aesthetic experience from].

| seeing for the first time a play one

hata never read. Othello, however,
| it szems safe to say, must have
been read -with the deepest of plea-
Sure by ninety-nine out of every
one hundred members of. the audi-
ence. The director, who knew this,
presumably. attempted to equal
chat pleasure with a_ production
bringing to life all that. Shakes-
peare wrote. into Othello which
whe reader can only imagine.

Let us use -as a starting-point,
shen, what this reviewer considers
-he .reason for producing a_-.play:
to bring out all the meaning that
‘the author wrote into it. The in-
terpretation itself does not matter,
as long as the author’s meaning is
not seriously tampered with. One
hopes: even to find more meaning
in a production than-in a reading
since plays were written not to
| be tead,-but to be witnessed.

' The “question now becomes: did
this production of Othello give the
audience all that Shakespeare |'5
| wanted them to be given? . If not,



|Mummers Produce
Christmas Pageant

The Graduate Students are
planning a new Christmas enter-
tainment this year. They hope to
renew the’ tradition of itinerant
| ‘Yuletide Mummers, going about
the campus, giving the Oxford-
shire Saint George Play in each
| hall, on the night of December 11.
The play is short and traditional
English, with music, singing, and
Morris ‘dances. It was last given
hére on ‘Merion Green in 1936 as
‘part of the Big May Day Pageant.





‘The cast ‘includes a dragon, a_

giant, divers famous kings and
queens in a plot of battles, songs,
convulsions - and convolutions,
‘Come see Saint George kill the
“dragon in your front hall.

‘fierce kings battle over medieval |

beauty. : See passions let: loose tq

he primitive rhythm of flute and!

‘drum. Come speculate on the vir-
tues‘ and vices of socialized med-
‘eine... Details about the times
awhen, the play will reach the dif-
ferent halls will be posted later.

' Directors::
| Claireve Grandjouan.

| Cast: Saint. George, Mary
| Tower; dragon, Camilla Hoy;
King Alfred, Catherine Cline;

_King Alfred’s queen, Elsa Ebe-)

ling; King William, Helen Dow;
Old King Cole, Lai Cheng Lam;
Giant Blunderbore, Fania Gold
berg-Rudowski;/ Old. Dr. . Ball
Marie Spence; Little Jack, Rita
Mousseau; Father Christmas,
“Amina Baroudi Steen, ;

Morris dance instructed by Miss!
Grant. fg



See

‘Lolah Mary Egan,|’

vhy not?

In order to analyze it clearly,
it seems a good idea to break the
production up into five arbitrary

College Explains
Budget Problems
At Open Meeting

At an open meeting on costs and
fees in the Common Room Wed-
nesday night, November 29, Pres-
ident McBride, Mr. Buckley, the
comptroller, and Miss Howe, Di-
rector of Halls, discussed the col-
lege budget with a group of stu-
‘ents. An account of the past fis-
cal year, from July 30, 1950 to
June 31, 1951 was given, as well
as the list of income and expend-
itures for that year, and an estim-
ate for the following year. Each
item on the budget was analyzed
and explained. Suggestions were
welcomed for ways to increase the
income and to cut down expendi-
tures in order not to. be forced to
increase either the student’s tui-
tion or residence fee.

During the past fiscal year, the
total income was roughly $1,465,000
whiie the total expenditures came
to. approximately $1,472,000, leav-
ing about a $6700 deficit. The
chief sources of income were tui-
tion fees, residence fees, income
from the endowment fund (at
5.7%), the Reserve Fund which
helps pay for permanent improve-
ments, and miscellaneous sources.
The chief expenditures were made
for academic salaries, salaries for
Continued on Page 5, Col. 5

CALENDAR

Wednesday, December 5
10:30-11:30 p.m. Bryan Green
—Music Room,

Thursday, December 6

8:30 p.m. Orchestra—Common
Room.

8:30 p.m. Athletic Association
Council.

Friday, December 7
| 4:00 p.m. Art Discussion Group
| —Common Room.

' 8:30-11:30 p.m.

Gymnasium, $.50.
| Saturday, December 8

Chorus goes to Washington.

8:30-12 pm. Freshman Dance
with Princeton—Gymnasium.
Sunday, December 9
_ 7:15 pm. Christmas Service—
Goodhart Auditorium.

‘Monday, December 10

7:15 p.m. Current Events —
“Common Room.

8:00 p.m. Sigma Xi: Dr. Hoyt
of the physics department will
speak in Park.

8:15 p.m. Russian Club meet-
ing.

Tuesday, December 11

5:00 p.m. Nurses aid exam —
Taylor.

Grad Center Mummers Play
goes to all the Halls in the eve-





Square Dance

ning.
Wednesday, December 12

4:15 .pm. Summer Camp
Christmas Party—Common Room.

' Maids and Porters Carolling in

sion of signals.

Bryn Mawr and Haverford Production of “Othello”
Evaluated For Blocking, Techniques, Interpretation,
Acting, Pacing: Lack of Understanding Blurs Impact

comvonents: 1) acting, 2) block-
ing, 3) pacing, 4) technique, i. e.
lighting, staging, costumes, and
sound effects, and 5) interpreta-
tion. The components will be dis-
cussed in that order. The first
component, the acting, must be
considered in two sections, one
consisting of the principal roles,
the other ‘the ‘“extras”—messen-
gers, soldiers, musicians, clowns,
and gentlemen. The casting was
excellent for the roles of Othello,
Iago, Desdemona, Emelia, Roder-
igo, Cassio, and Bianca.

Frank Flannery as Othello
brought several magnificent qual-
ities to a part for which magnifi-
cence is necessary. His stature
and thick-jowled face, a beautiful
voice, and an essential intensity of
demeanor, added to considerable
acting talent to make Othello very
‘much as Shakespeare intended him.
He was very often. the man of
great passion yet great self con-
trol, therefore all the more terri-
fying in the breakdown of his re-
straint. He was at his best in the
famecus individual speeches, the
one describing his courtship of
Desdemons, the one climaxed by
“Blood! Blood!”, and the last
speech beginning “Soft you! a
word or two before you go”.

As Iago, Al Stern, narrow-eyed
and venomous, was also at his best
in individual speeches. In Act I, to
Roderigo: “Put money in thy
purse” followed by “Thus do I ever
make my fool my purse”; at the
end of Act II, after Cassio’s
wounding and Iago’s plan is clear

Continued on Page 4, Col. 1

Hoyt Will Lecture
On Nerve Impulses

Dr. Rosalie C. Hoyt, assistant
professor of Physics, will present
the Sigma Xi lecture in Park Hall
on December 10. Dr. Hoyt, who
received her B.A. at Barnard and
her Ph.D. at Bryn Mawr, will
speak about the physical descrip-
tion of.the transmission of nerve
impulses. In addition to the lec-
ture itself, there will be demon-
strations.

Dr. Walter C. Michels, profes-
sor of the Physics department, in
telling of Dr. Hoyt’s lecture, ex-
plained: “There is very good evi-
dence that the way in which sig-
nals are transmitted over the
nervous system is by a physical-
chemical process. During the time
impulses are traveling, there are
electrical disturbances taking
place in the nerve. A _ similar
sort of thing seems to happen in
many simple organisms where the
organism as a whole is acting in
a manner similar to the nerve
fiber.”

Miss Hoyt has been studying
very simple organisms and will
discuss the results in relation to
the general process of transmis-



Bryan Green’s
First Lecture
Fills Goodhart

Honesty of Conviction
Is Vital Factor,
He Avers

Goodhart auditorium was filled
to capacity on Sunday afternoon,
December 2nd, as Bryn Mawr
turned out full force to hear
Canon Bryan Green, rector of St.
Martin’s Church, Birmingham,
England. Canon Green, in Phila-
delphia holding a ten night mis-
sion starting Sunday night, lec-
tured here on “Religion and the
Modern Mind”,

Green addressed his _ lecture
primarily to the students of Bryn
Mawr. He said that the cinphasis
of his sermon would be placed on
religion rather than the modern
mind, because he assumed that
the students had modern minds
undoubtedly, but there might be
some question about the religion.
To the modern mind, the trivial-
ities of religion are unimportant
—for example the question of
apostolic succession. The import-
ant question to be answered is
whether or not the Christian faith
can “outlive, outthink and outlove
the pagan world.”

Insight Into Reality

Religion is vital because it is
one’s “insight into reality”. One
lives by his faith, shaping his life
by his conception of the ultimate





The Class of 1955 takes great
pleasure in announcing the elec-
tion of Marcia Storch as Fresh-
man Show Director, and of Joan



Hong Sling as Stage Manager.





the evening.







reality. Therefore one must. be
strong in his conviction; thére’ is
no excuse for indecision, or’ as
Bryan Green expressed it, “wool-
ly-mindedness”., He said that al-
though he is in complete disagree-
ment with the Communist doc-
trine, yet he cannot help but re-
spect Communists in that they di-
rect their lives by the tenets. of
that doctrine. An active Com-
munist is in a way more to be
admired than -an_§ inconsistent
Christian who makes no move to
live by the faith which he. pro-
fesses.

Faith has no scientific ‘proof;
there is no theorem which can be

vwritten on a blackboard to. justi-

fy one’s beliefs. One can only
form his own hypothesis from
the assembled data of his experi-
ence, and his concept might well
be in no way acceptable to some-
one else. Therefore it is neces-
sary to be always tolerant of: the
opinions of others, Canon Green
later explained that by this use of
the word “tolerant” he did not
mean to imply the connotation of
condescension so often’ associated
with the word, but rather the will-
ingness to accept the ideas of an-
other as being perhaps just as
valuable as one’s own.

However, tolerance of conflict-
ing opinions need in no way weak-
en one’s own conviction. Too
many students today bask in a
mistaken concept of tolerance, be-
lieving nothing in their effort to
accept all. One must respect the
beliefs of others, but he must not
forsake his own, According to
Canon Green, this state of “mis-
belief” is worse than a Coat
non-belief.

Having announced his Gites

Continued on Page 2, Col. 3






Page Two THE

COLLEGE NEWS

Wednesday, December 5, 1951





THE COLLEGE NEWS

FOUNDED IN 1914



Published weekly during the College’ Year (except during , Thanks-
giving, Christmas and Easter holidays, and during examination weeks)
the interest of Bryn Mawr College at. the Ardmore Printing Comey
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The Colle News is fully protected by copyright. Nothing that .
appears in it may be reprinted either wholly or in part without permission
of the Editor-in-Chief. -



EDITORIAL BOARD
Jane Augustine, ‘52, Editor-in-Chief

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Patricia Murray, ‘52 Betty-Jeanne Yorshis, ‘52

EDITORIAL STAFF

Emmy Cadwalader, ‘53,
A.A. reporter

Nancy Fuhrer, ‘55

Ann McGregor, ‘54

Beth Davis, ‘54

Margaret Page, ‘55

Barbara Drysdale, ‘55

Marcia Joseph, ‘55

Anne Mazick, ‘55

STAFF PHOTOGRAPHERS. :
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Entered as second class matter at the Ardmore, Pa., Post Office’
Under the Act of March 3, 1879









The Big Weekend —

College weekends are one of the most enj fopable aspects of
undergraduate life. They are anticipated with a great deal
of excitement and are looked back upon with pleasure ; they
rank among the most memorable events of one’s college ca-
reer. Although the last college weekend was a great success,
the enjoyment of some people was marred by a few trifles.
The News takes this opportunity to list these complaints with
the hope that they will influence plans for future affairs on
campus.

Taking the weekend in the or eae of events, ‘many pre
ents wondered why there were not enough programs at
Othello. Also in connection with the play, it would seem _.ad-

visable for the cast to prepare to take. curtain calls. It was
somewhat disconcerting to see the principals almost afraid
to take their bows called for by the audience and most assur-
edly deserved. 4

Once at the dance, many were sorry to see that there
was 80 little time for actual dancing. It was felt that the en-
tertainment, although delightful, could have been somewhat
curtailed, in order not to cut intc the already abbreviated
time left in the evening. Also the music might have been a
little more appropriate to formal dress. Charlestons and pol-
kas are fun, but rhumbas, sambas and slow rhythmic num-
bers could have been more abundant, since these are what
people want most at a formal dance.

Looking at the weekend as a whole, the News feels that
when a serious production of the length of Othello is given, it
might be wiser to give the play on a separate evening, either
Friday or Saturday night. As it happened, many people
missed the play or half of it in order to get ready for the
dance. The problem of going'té Othello left many with the
choice of having their gowns irreparably crushed by three
hours of sitting down, or not dressing formally until after-
wards and then finding that there was not enough time: to
change. In a situation like this,:it seems obvious that an
Undergrad Dance and a drama production are each too im-
portant in their own right to be put on a double bill. Each
encroaches on the time needed by the other and both suffer
as a consequence. Holding the dance on Friday night and the
play on Saturday night or vice versa as is done successfully

at other colleges would spread out the events to the entire

weekend and allow each to be enjoyed most fully. Those who
worked for and participated in the weekend are to be congrat-
ulated for producing an exceptional event, most enjoyable in
spite of the minor flaws that have been mentioned.



several

|but non-metallic, technique.

In Ivy & Mistletoe
Xmas InvadesGym

_ The festive-fancy of the decora-
tors and innovators of the “Holly
and Ivy” Undergrad dance held
in the. gym. Saturday last, was a
delight to eye, ear, and feet.
Christmas stockings, made of
lovely “kelly green paper-mache,
were comfortably’ bulgy, stuffed
with red balloons, and the tremen-
dous rosy bow in the center of
the ceiling was a perfect anchor

‘for crisp white and green stream-

ers. The mistletoe spray suspend-
ed from said bow was a sparkly
‘symbol- of — well, the Yuletide,
one might say. Lacy snowflakes

}and sturdy little pine trees added

to the jolly atmosphere, and
candle-lit tables provided rest
for the weary who refreshed
themselves with punch, cookies,

{/and smiles for the photographer,

then rushed off again into the
musical fray.

Bob Shebley and his mates did
very well indeed, gliding with
ease from devastating Dixie to
swish swing—music of some note.
The Octangle, was first, last and
always, the Octangle — enough

i 4] said, and the Columbia Bards of-
fered everything. from “Joshua Fi’t

the Battle of Jerico” to “Oh, You
Beautiful Doll” with polish and
charm. . The “Holly and the Ivy”
was as. shimmering and as gay as
any iridescent swirling Christmas

| bauble—and just as much fun.

| Wyndham Recital

Features Strings

For its second recital, Decem-
ber . fifth, in the Gertrude Ely
Room of Wyndham, the Bryn
Mawr Music Club presented Shao
Ling Tung, violinist, Shao Yuan
Tung, violoncellist, and Harriet
Shirvan, pfanist. . The program
was divided so that each played
selections, after which

they collaborated on a trio.

“Mr. Shao Yuan Tung played
“Prayer” by Bruch and “Allegro
Appassionata” by Saint-Saens.
The tone of the cello is particular-
ly well suited to the sonority of
the “Prayer”... Although it began

_ |.deceptively quietly, it developed

very. moving and _ non-religious
melodies. .The “Allegro Appas-
sionata” seemed much more de-
manding technically than the first
piece. However, as a result of
the dexterous handling of the dif-
ficult jumps, the piece was:a de-
lightful one.

Miss Shirvan then played two
Rachmaninoff compositions, “Ele-
gie in E flat minor” and “Moment
Musical in E minor”. The elegie
was short, flight and charming,
well suited to the pianist’s precise,
Her
style was even more brought out
in the “Moment Musicale”, which
demanded a great deal of well-
controlled power on the keyboard.
Softening the effect were phrases
reminiscent of Russian folk music.

The Saint-Saens “Rondo Capric-
cioso” played by Shao Ling Tung
was a lovely piece and very well
played. Fortunately it lacked the
elements which require nothing
more than great technical skill
and turn a composition into a
show-piece.

The highlight of the perform-
ance was the “Trio in D minor”
by Mendelssohn. This is trio music
at its most enjoyable. The simple
combinations of the pattern of
three. notes may account for the
beauty of the work. Another rea-
son may be the careful pianning
of the piece so that no one instru-
ment seems more important. than
any other.

The size of ‘these groups, . not
more than forty or fifty at the
most,. gives these Music gees re-



citals a very congenial —

Green Urges Strength,
Objects To Indecision

Continued from Page 1

and cleared up these points neces-
sary for the consideration of the
topic. Canon Green went on to
what he said was the body of his
lecture, a discussion of the four
insights into reality commonly
held by the modern mind.

The first was the atheistic phil-
osophy, a positive rather than
negative belief which holds that
reality is an impersonal force.

For example, Bertrand Russell
has stated that life is an “uncon-
trolled accumulation of atoms.”
This excludes any idea of free will
and denies the existence of moral
standard, if people are simply
aggregations of matter. The doc-
trine refuses to recognize the es-
sential factor of human relation-
ships, and its followers must bor-
row from Christian ethics. Also,
it admits no possibility of any
ultimate good.

The next step is that of agnos-
ticism, which Canon Green defined |
as “one big question mark”. He
contradicted the statement that
scientists are turning now toward
Christianity. While a few of them
have been able to accept Chris-
tianity, the majority of scientists
are “honest, wistful agnostics”
who would like to be able to
reconcile themselves to a_ belief
in God, but who are unable to do
so in the light of their scientific
knowledge. Many a man who calls
himself an agnostic is merely re-
fusing to admit his ignorance of
theistic beliefs, especially Chris-
tianity. An honest agnostic is one
who has gone deeper than mere
“e yre to Christianity”, who
has explored and become familiar
with Christian doctrine, but who
is really unable to accept it as the
faith by which he can live.

Thirdly, there is tle theistic
hypothesis which teaches of a per-
scnai reality. The zest of life, said
Canon Green, lies in persons, not
abstractions. Most of the ab-
stractions which are commonly
discussed can be traced to some
very “foreign policy” which fills
the mewspapers. Most of the oft-
repeated complaints of American
foreign policy are in reality aim-
ed at “those blokes in the state
department”, as Canon Green
phrased it.

And one does not love in the ab-
stract. Is God then “less than the
stuff of personal relationship?”
Theistic doctrine recognizes a
supra-personality controlling the
universe, and if God is personal,
then of all one’s relationships,
the most important is with God.
Bryan Green here quoted the re-
frain of the revivalist who
thunders “Get right with God or
you will go to Hell!” But he had
a slightly different version. “Get
Tight with God”, he said, “Or you
are in Hell!”

The fourth alternative is Chris-
tianity. Canon Green did not go
on to develop this, as it is the
theme of the mission he is hold-
ing in Philadelphia’s Convention
Hall every night this week. Each
lecture will start at 7:30 p.m.

He closed by admonishing each
member of the audience to be
honest with himself about his own
beliefs, Intellectual honesty is a
vital. factor in religion, and ab-
solutely necessary if one is to find
the “insight into reality” on which
he can base his life.



Come to the Square Dance,
everybody! Food, fun, and frol-
|] ic—for a mere 50c! Leap Year
is. nearly here; grab your man
and come! Friday night, De-

cember 7 in the gym.







sphere, enabling the performers





to explain anything they wish di-
tmo-' rectly to the audience. a

Green Propounds
Impact of Christ
On the Individual

Canon Bryan Green opened his
lecture, “Six Reasons Why I Be-
lieve Jesus Christ Is God”, Mon-
day night, December 3, by review-
ing his lecture of Sunday after-
noon, He embarked from the
point made on Sunday that the
hypothesis of theism is:that “be-
hind the universe is a personal
being”. A person must take as
his hypothesis to live by the best
notion of the nature of reality he
has until he finds a “more sure
word of God”. To the Christian
the “more sure word of God” is
Jesus Christ: Christ was an eter-
nal self-disclosure of God in so
far as God can reveal himself.
Many non-Christians think that
this idea is “to good to be true”,
but if it is such a good idea, it
“may have occurred to God”.

That Christ lived has been
proven by the general accuracy: of
the New Testament. The impact
which Christ made on people, by
His personality, may be divided
into six categories, which are six
reasons for a belief in Christian-
ity. /

The first impact is that Christ
placed Himself above any former
authorities, such as Moses. He
rejected all the past moral codes
and asked His listeners to abide
only by the laws He made. The
next impact was that Christ had
no sense of sin. Mohammed con-
fessed his sins before God, but
Christ did not, since He had not
sinned. Thirdly, Christ seemed
to have a “special intimate - rela-
tionship” with God, By perform-
ing miracles, He proved that He
could do for men what only God
supposedly could do.

The fifth impact which Canon
Green felt as a basis for Chris-
tianity, was the symbol which
Christ gave to his followers: the
bread which symbolized His death,
and the wine which represented
His blood as “a new covenant be-
tween God and sinful men”, the
covenant of forgiveness. The
story of a divine man suffering
for the love jf sinful man is
unique to Christianity. The final
impact is the resurrection, Canon
Green concluded. The friends of
Jesus believed that He material-
ized before them. All the writers
of the New Testament agree that
with the resurrection, Christ was
revealed as God.

There is nothing more vieky
than for a non-Christian to read
the New Testament with an open
mind and utter en honest prayer
to God, asking if it applies. to
him. The only feasible opposition
to the idea that Jesus Christ was
God, is the idea that He was a
“self-deluded madman”, But this
is impossible, for how could the
Christidn Church have developed
from the inspiration of a mad-
man?



CONTEST!

Oh, Christmas is well on its

way,
For all of your presents, you'll

pay.
Chesterfields, however,
Are worth the endeavor

If you want to win a free
carton of Cosstentieie, write
er‘ck. All entries ‘ii be ac-
companied by an empty pack.
of Chesterfields, and addressed
to Gwen Davis, Rockefeller
Hall. The contest closes Sun-
day, Dec. 9. The winner will
be announced in the next issue
of the News.








Wednesday, December 5, 1951

THE

COLLEGE NEWS

Page Three





“Then must you speak of one that lov’d not wisely, but too well; of one not easily jealous, but, being wrought, perplex’d in the extreme;
of one whose hand (like the base Indian) threw a pearl away richer than all his tribe...” Shakespeare’s “Othello”, Act V, Scene II; as

presented by Bryn Mawr and Haverford.



LAST NIGHTERS

‘Twelfth Night’ Creates
A Merry Mood
In Fancy

by Barbara Drysdale, ’55

It is an unforgettable experience
when a company of actors por
+rays the bawdy humor and infec
tious merriment of a Shakespear-
ean comedy so naturally that the
whole audience feels drawn en=
tirely into the mood. Such an ex-
perience was the presentation of
Twelfth Night by the Cap and
Bells group of St. Joseph’s Col-
lege on November 29. Flanagan Au-
‘ditorium is small, and though this
presented problems in finding ade-
quate staging room, the Cap and
Bells used the size to good advan-
tage by narrowing the action down
to a small scale, thus delivering
every emotional impact and shade
of humor directly to the audience.
‘Rosemary Scott, as Viola, por-
trayed the difficulties of a girl in
the midst of an impossible triangle
with deep feeling and understand-
ing, and her Shakespearean deliv-
ery made all his poetry delightful.
Mary Martini as Olivia, a role dif-
ficult to interpret well, did a re-
markable portrayal of the woman
rejecting life who learns to love
aga.n. Thomas Corr’s Orsino was
an excellent characterization, and
the performances of Paul Di Gio-
vanni as Sebastian and Harry
Stinger as Antonio were adequate.

The comedians, however, con-
stituced the play’s. strongest side.
John Gallagher as: Feste set the
quick pace of the comedy with his
exaggerated movements and an
interpretation of the clown’s role
in Shakespeare which could only
be called brilliant. William Dem-
sey as Malvolio was an excellent
foil for the mischievous antics of
riotous Sir Toby and Sir Andrew
(Francis Roach and Lawrence Es
monde). Patricia Culhane’s Maria
was. a surprisingly modern char-
acterization, a bit too afftcted to
be called good acting.

The production’s weakest side
was the lack of imagination dis-
played in the minor roles and bit
parts. The attendants and ladies
in waiting were particularly life-
less. An actor should be able to
characterize even without any

speaking lines, for action is, after.

all, the foundation of drama.

The incidental music composed
and directed by David A. Loscalzo,
Jr., which set the background of
an Hlizabethan stage for the pro-
duction, was very enjoyable.

As a whole, the production over-
came slight technical difficulties





Area Office Opens
For Marine Corps

The Marine Corps yesterday
opened an area office of officer
procurement for women at the
Marine recruiting station in the
New Custom House at 2nd and
Chestnut.

Second Lieut. Jane Pratt is sta-
tioned at the Philadelphia office.
She will obtain women Marine of-
ficer candidates from Pennsylvania,
New York City, Maryland, Vir-
ginia and New Jersey. Her office
assistant is Corporal Bertie Gas-
ton Carr.

- Officers Training

Young women interested in the
Marine Corps Women Officers
Training Class will be interviewed
at the Philadelphia office and
Lieut. Pratt will make regular
trips to college campuses in the
five-state area to discuss the pro-
gram with students,

Enrollment is open to physically
qualified, unmarried ‘women un-
dergraduates and graduates of ac-
credited colleges and universities.
College women must be at least
18 years of age at the time of en-
rollment and not over 25 on July
1 of the year in which commis-
sioned. Maximum age for former

and present members of the
Marine Corps is 27.

Summer Courses

Undergraduates accepted for
the class will attend two summer
training periods of six weeks each
at Quantico, Va. After successful
completion of the two courses, and
upon graduation from college, the
women candidates will be appoint-
ed second lieutenants in the Ma-
rine Corps Reserve. College grad-
uates may complete both courses
in one summer.

Lieut. Pratt is a native of Belle-
fontaine, Ohio, and a graduate of
Denison University, Granville,
Ohio. She received her commis-
sion as a second lieutenant the
past September after completing
the Women Officers Training
Class at Quantico, Va. Lieut.
Pratt’s brother, also a Marine
Corps officer, was killed in action
at Guadalcanal in World War II.
Her father was a Navy medical
officer who was cited in World
War I, and she has two uncles
who also were Navy medical of-
ficers.



and superficial roughnesses to pre-
sent a careful and humorous in
terpretation of the comedy in
Twelfth Night.



Art Group Plans
Trips To Museums

On Friday, November 30, the
art discussion group met in the
Common Room of Goodhart. Miss
Mary Heuser led the discussion.
The group first considered ideas
for trips to art galleries and
shows, under the supervision of
a faculty member of the History
of Art department. If there is
enough interest in trips to public
galleries, perhaps trips to private |
shows can be arranged. The first

trip will be the first Friday after
Christmas.
The attention of the group was
then turned to a painting by Mil-
ton Avery, “The Young Artist’.
A discussion of the merits and
demerits of the painting led to
the question of the value of sub-
ject matter and the content of a
work of art. The problem of
whether an artist paints just for
himself or not was also. brought
up. The contemporary artist
seemed to be the main interest
of the majority of the group. Dis-
cussion of the problems of the
artist of today and his public di-
rected the thought of the group
to the artist of the future and the
problems he will have to face.
At the end of the informal meet-
ing, Mr. Janschka announced that
beginning January 5, he will give
eighteen drawing and painting
lessons for anyone interested. He
emphasized that he will begin at
the beginning for the elementary
student.

New Russian Club
To Discuss Plans

The newly-reorganized Russian
club of Bryn Mawr and Haverford
will have an opening meeting on
Monday, December 10, at 8:15
p.m. in the Common Room. A
schedule of a movie, a tea with
the Princeton Russian club, and a
Russian table for meals will be
discussed at the meeting, accord-
ing to its president, Marilyn
Reigle, ’53. Corina McBee, ’53,
is the vice-president and Miss
deGraff of the Russian depart-
ment is their faculty adviser.



The college needs sugges-
tions for a new name for the
large house on the corner of
the Scull property. The Child
Study Institute and the Phoebe
Anna Thorne School will be lo-
cated there, and the old name
was too confusing. Send your
suggestions to Alice Mitchell



in Denbigh.







of the Graduate School.

“The Quiet One” Shows Adjustment
Of the Delinquent Child To Society

The Quiet One, the last of a ser-
ies of four movies presented by
the Film Forum, depicts the ad-
justment of a miserable ten-year-
old delinquent.

Donald Peters lived with his
grandmother. None of them liked
Donald and he caused his grand-
mother endless worry by sleeping
out nights, by stealing, and by not
going to school. Beatings were a
normal part of his life. With this
background, Donald never learned
to like people. His subsequently
hostile attitude discouraged what
love anyone else might have felt
for him and gave him a sense of
failure. This became so strong
and the pressure of school so great
that he could not learn to read.

Slum Life

The film showed shot after shot
of slum areas, skillfuflly photo-
graphed so that the audience felt
the loneliness of the little boy’s
life. He tried to “buy” his friends
sometimes by taking them to mov-
ies or letting them have his candy,
but when they left, it only increas-
ed his sense of failure. Once he
went to visit his mother, which re-
sulted in further rejection. The in-
cessant squalling of his baby half-
sister sent him into a rage in
which he smeared cold cream over



Academy Offers
Graduate Awards

The National Science Founda-
tion authorized by the National
Science Foundation Act of 1950
will award predoctoral and post-
doctoral graduate fellowships in
the biological, engineering, mathe-
matical, medical and physical sci-
ence, with the intention of pro-
moting the progress of science.

The Foundation requires each
applicant for a predoctoral fel-
lowship to take a _ Fellowship
Record Examination, and selection
of persons for fellowships will
be made solely on the basis of
ability. Applications will be eval-
uated by the National Research
Council.

The basic stipends range from
$1400 to $3000 per year, and ap-
pointments are for one year. The
final date for receipt of applica-
tions for 1952-1953 will be Jan-
uary 7, 1952. Awards will be
made about April 1, 1952.

All students who are interested
in such fellowships should obtain
applications at the offices of the
Biology, Geology, Chemistry,
Physics, and Mathematics depart-
ments or at the office of the Dean



his reflection in a mirror.

Soon after this incident he was
sent to a school for problem child-
ren. ‘He was called the “Quiet
One” because he never spoke nor
laughed; he never received letter.

from home and he was always by
himself. In this school, howevei
he was not forced to learn to read.
He was expected to recognize
words, to connect the sound with
the sight of them, through long
familiarity with them. Even this
process was paralyzed by the
painful memories which the words
evoked. He could not forget his
hatred of his grandmather and the
life with which she was associated,
nnd his mother’s rejection of him.

Rehabilitation

Donald’s rehabilitation began
when he finally got up enough
courage to light the cigarette of
one of the counseilors. This man
became Donald’s first friend. He
began to take part in more of the
activities, encouraged by the fact
that he was liked, and made a pot-
tery shell for his mother. It was
then that the head of the schooi
decided to tell him about his moth-
er: she had disappeared several
months before. No one, not even
the grandmother, knew where she
was.

After this, Donald began to
leave his babyhood and approach
normal childhood. The transition
was difficult, of course. It is not
easy, particularly for a ten-year-
old, to transplant affections com-
pletely in this case from the or-
iginal home and idealized mother
to the counsellor and_ school-life.
Once jealousy caused his former
insecurity to flare up again and
he tried to escape it by running
away. However, by returning, he
showed that he was ready to solve
the problem of his adjustment—
to see his old life as it really was
and to live a more constructive
new life.

This is what schools similar to
the one mentioned here are try-
ing to accomplish. The psychia-
trists and social workers who run
them are trying to help emotion-
ally maimed children to find more
useful lives so that their children
in turn will not have to fight so
hard for happiness.

ENGAGEMENT

Caroline Jeanes, ’54, to Mark
Hollingsworth.

MARRIAGE

Molly West, ex-’54, to Duncan
Ellsworth.














Page Four THE COLLEGE NEWS We 'nesday, December 5, 1951

GOOD CASTING OF PRINCIPALS DISTINGUISHES ‘OTHELLO’ PRODUCTION; ACTORS’

at with the exception of the Duke! wrong place to say a line, the real
of Venice, were not well done. The| mearing of the line is more or less
ceason why is to some extent aj/obscured. Very often in Othello the
question of talent but by no means] blocking was awkward, even arbi-
entirely. The success. of a tiny|trary, at other times misleading;| workings of Iago’s mind. One of| V, the fight between Roderigo and
-ole lies in entrances, exits, and a}occasionally it was painfully|the most superb aspects of thc| Cassio. But in these scenes, the
4 The most important contribution} 519) Jack of obtrusiveness—quite| wrong. There was a sad dearth| play is the insight into the enor-| blocking is not only at fault but
Tom Anderson made te the role of -he opposite of a major role. A bit|/of action in the play as a whole.| mous and evil intellect of this vil also the pacing; the two are intim-
Cassio was his good looks, which player must know just as well as|In the first scene where Roderigo|lain. What is happening between| ately inter-connected. It therefore
was as Shakespeare intended. everyone else what his relation is}and Iago shout to rouse Braban-|Othello and Desdemona is only| seenis advisable to discuss the pac-
Javk Piotrow’s Roderigo was ON®} . the whole; these bit players did|tio, Iago’s face stands out in the clear in terms of Iago’s cool man-| ing.
of the most consistent and thought. 1ot; somebody should have told|light. This makes no sense; we/ipulation of their feelings which| There was no visible factor for
ful pieces of acting in the play-} hem. The musicians played well,|know it is night, and Brabantio|he is secretly goading into action.| the pace of this play; it seemed
He knew what kind of man the au- ooked well, but seemed aware of|cannot see who calls him. Iago, This intention of the author/not to have been planned—it just



Continued from Page 1 spotlight, not Cassio and tae dragora’. There are several other
mona, whose action is incidental.! instances of poor blocking: the
Shakespeare wants the attentior| scene where Othello strikes Des-

of the audience fastened upon the| demona, and at the opening of Act

in his mind: “And what’s he then
that says I play the villain’; and
in Act III, the disgusting lie about
Cassio’s dream.

thor meant him to be. Frequent-

ly he seemed more comfortable on
the stage than the other actors,
George Ségal’s Brabantio was not
consistent; the pathos of Braban-

to the audience enough times, but

ly moving as it should have been.

Elsie Kemp showed intelligence
behind her interpretation of WUes-
demona,

-heiy own superfluity. The same
was true of the clowns.
understanding the totality of the
play’s action was not these play
ers’ fault.
tio’s position did not come across} widespread difficulty with this pro-
duction of Othello which shall be.
when it did come, it was genuine-|come clearer as the other compon-
ents are discussed.

Thon:’s job,
although Desdemona is/block, that is, to determine where
not characterized by her intelli-|the actors shall stand while speak-

But not

It is part of a more

Part of a director’s job—of Mr
in this case—is to

whose aim is to promote himself
would not dare to risk insulting »
Senator if he, Iago, could be rec-
ognized. But he cannot, obvious-
ly; he is standing under cover of
darkness, shouting obscenities, let-
ting poor Roderigo front for him.
In Act II, after the light banter
and Cassio and Desdemona draw
apart to pantomime an intimate
conversation, Iago speaks, evolv-

ing his plan. It is therefore Iago
who should be standing in the



must be made clear, and very of-
ten unfortunately the blocking was
arranged neither to clarify the
meaning nor to increase the ease
of the actor. The apron was never
used, the steps and platforms were
not used enough, and were some-
times negotiated only with diffi-
culty. One of the best bits of
blocking eame where Othello walk-
ed behind the transparent veil of
backdrop as Iago spoke the lines
beginning “Not poppy nor man-



happened. The first scene of the
play was hurried up so much that
every fifth word was slurred, and
the first vital facts were lost.
Iago’s entire motivation hangs on
those words; the audience must
know that Iago hates Othello for
making Cassio, not Iago, his lieu-
tenant. This is the prime reason
for lago’s hatred—his suspicions
of Othello and Emelia are second-
ary. Having thus set too rapid a

- Continued on Page 5, Col. 1

gence, but rather her sincere emo-|ing lines, The correct blocking is
tionaiism and dignified sweetness.|of the greatest importance in con- :

The “willow song” scene was El-l!veyicg the author’s idea, because :
sie’s best. Emelia was presented
by Helen Dobbs also with intelli-
gence; she spoke with an excep-
tionally clear and melodious voice. ( ~
Danny Luzzatto was a properly
saucy and clinging Bianca, very





as s90n as an actor stands in the







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Elizabethan, and therefore very a treat
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Wednesday, December 5, 1951

THE COLLEGE



NEWS

«A a» 9%
Page Five



RENDERING OF INDIVIDUAL ROLES SHOWS FINE POTENTIALITY

Continued from Page 4

- pace at the beginning, it is imposs-
:-. fble later on in the scene to speed

up where a_ speed-up is needed.

-. The shouts for Brabantio should

have been much louder and faster;

Brakantio should appear in haste,

‘and. should enter and exit swiftly,
.. eonveying a sense of terror, an-
\! guish, and. urgency that simply

was not there. In the next scene
there is a brawl, which is supposed

'».to be fairly violent, or there is ne
~ meaning to Othello’s line silencing
‘them.

“Keep up your. bright
swords, or the dew will rust them”,
All of the fighting scenes were ex-
ecuted with profound timidity. In
the Hedgerow Theatre’s Julius

“: Caesar, the fighting is so genuine
» that the audience is really fright-
i: ened; there is real fighting, and
realism makes the play more pow-
2.terful than the cleverest artifice.
-..The same would have been true in
:.. Othello.

It is not, as was noted before,

- the fault of the bit players that
“they did not understand their rela-
-C.tion to the whole play. Therefore
< it- is no wonder that they did not
“[cmake swift entrances and exits.

: Often, however, the action was
P slowed almost to a standstill as a

messenger sauntered on stage to

_ say “Here is more news” and plod-

ded off into the wings. Othello is a
very long play, and if the author’s
meaning is to be made clear, suf-
ficient time must be spent on the
important scenes. It was not. The
opening scene has been mentioned.
The scene where Iago plants sus-
picions in Othello’s mind is not

‘drawn out enough for the all-im-

portant continuity of Iago’s thought
to be made excruciatingly lucid, as
it should be.

The scene of Othello’s striking
Desdemona was badly blocked,
crowded to the stage’s right and









|There should have been plenty of

Othello’s faith in Desdemona.
room on stage for it, and an in-
finitely long silent stop in the ac-
tion after it. There was none;
consequently the author’s idea

was nullified.

The strangling scene was also
poorly paced; it should have be-
gun so slowly that Othello felt no
need to walk while saying the
speech beginning “It is the cause.”
As soon as Desdemona wakes, the
pace must build. She is terrified
—it is a hideous nightmare. The
interchange of lines between her
and Othello must be very swift.
He hardly hears her protestations
of innocence. As soon as his
hands close about her throat, the
pace should immedately slow
down, Whether one is attempting
realism or a purely dramatic ef-
fect, it should take a long time
for Othello to kill Desdemona—a
long time in which the audience
sits breathless watching a grad-
ual and horrible change in the
facial expression of Othello. There
should have been complete silence.
As it was, the episode was over
to a deafening ruffle of kettle-
drums, and very nearly became
mere melodrama.

Mention of the _ kettle-drums
brings us to a discussion of the
fourth component of this produc-
tion—the technique of lighting
and staging.

It remains something of a
mystery tothis reviewer why the
deep stage of Goodhart was not
arranged more like an Elizabeth-
an stage, since the Senate scene
and the death scene are so simply
set in an inner stage. But it has
already been said that the inter-
pretation per se may vary as long
as the author’s meaning is not
interfered with. It igs therefore
quite possible to produce Othello
in non-Shakespearian style. An
Elizabethan staging would prob-





















not have had difficulties with!
them. The method of scene-
changing, which the lack of an
inner stage necessitated, was un-
satisfactory. The audience, per-
ceiving dark figures creeping
about onstage as the tympani
sounded ominously in the dis-
tance, were doubtless at first mis-
led into thinking it was part of
the plot. In Julius Caesar, the
conspirators crept on stage in
exactly the same way.

The draping off the backdrop
and teasers was beautiful, and the
costuming and makeup were as
well done as they could be.

The lighting was as well plan-
ned as the limitation evidently
imposed by the director. The
whole play seemed to have hap-
pened at night because it was lit
that way; this was exceedingly
misleading after the playwright
would carefi!ly write in a line
roting the fact that it was day-
light, as at the end of Act II;
“By th’ mass, ’tis morning!” The
stage was lit very nearly the
same way as it had been for the
rousing of Brabantio in the mid-
dle of the night.

It was lit that same way when
Act III followed, obviously, judg-
ing from Iago’s lines, a little
later in the same day. More va-
riety in lighting would have aided
the audience’s imagination and
eyesight both. It was extremely
unfortunate that on at least two
occasions actors entered and start-
ed to speak before the spots came
on; it was a small thing, but it
shattered the spectators’ mood,
and that is disasterous.

There is essentially a much
deeper reason for the breaking of
the audience’s mood, which luck-

ily occurred far fewer times on
Saturday night than on Thursday.
Such a break occurs when a mem-
ber of the cast loses the thread af



sulting from arbitrary blocking,
obscured understanding, or ovér-
learning of lines; it shows in an
actor’s eyes. To break is to lose
the author’s meaning, It takes a
relatively long time before the
audience picks up the thread
again. A piece of poor blocking,
the wrong pacing, a badly spoken
line—even a creaking spotlight—
can break that thread. It is the
test of a great production in that
that thread not be broken, but
proved stronger than the author
thought possible. This brings vs
to a discussion of the last com-



ponent of this production—the in-
terpretation.

The above named causes for a-

break in continuity have one chief
source: a lack of understanding

of the play. That seems to have’

been the trouble with this produc-
tion. The thread of meaning was
broken because the actors did not
know where to watch it most
carefully. That is partly the
actor’s fault, since he must use
his intelligence to interpret his
part. If he has not that intelli-
gence, and it is really too much to
expect of most amateurs, then it
is up to the director to interpret
for him. That was not done. The
director should know all minor
points as well as major ones, $0
that the careful observer can
watch time and time again with
increasing pleasure. The director
should not only have thought out
the play in minute detail many
times, but he should also have
communicated his thoughts to his
cast. He should not only tell
them about the play itself but
also the best way of interpreting
it, in his opinion. He should
block, pace and stage it so that
what he thinks the author meant
is made most clear. Shakespeare
is a good dramatist, and therefore

Othello came across, insofar as it







Higher Costs of Living
Raise Campus Problem
Continued from Page 1

office workers and student! ‘Help,
wages in residence halls, -aecadémic
buildings and grounds, and ‘social
security tax and illness. Th®'def-
icit was met by drawing from a
$37,000 surplus remaining f#om
the war years. One would think

that the same procedure might be

followed for the next six years,
but this is not the case; one san-
not expect a deficit as loW” as
$6700 every year. vn tt
In analyzing the chief sotirves
of income, Miss McBride pointed
out that tuition and residence was
sligntly lower last year because of
several empty rooms. The income
from the Endowment Fund came
at an extraordinarily high percent-
age hecause of the care and intel-
ligence with which the Board" of
Directors has invested the Col-
‘ege's money. Fifty percent is how
in common stock—slightly indre
than in the past. ey
Sixty-two percent of the total
budget last year went for salaries,
both academic and general. Aca-
demic salaries were approximately
$442,000 while the income from
tuition was only $399,000. Miss
McBride posed the problem: do ave
try to cut out departments or
some of the activities of the paid
people, or should we try to reduc?
somewhere in the remaining 38%
of the budget? Professors’ salar-
ies were raised in 1947 for the firs.
time in twenty years, and since
the collar is worth only fifty-three
percent of what it was worth in
1989, the College must soon meet
the rise in living costs, particular-
ly for professors in the lower
brackets.
In the budget estimates for this
‘ear, the total income will be ap-
“"~ately $1,420,000, and the
expenditures $1,508,000 leaving a
88,000 deficit. This year’s tuition











































. : i =| di i i f fine acting| .,.0)<-
the blow itself had not nearly the the story; this does not neces-/did, with the aid 0 quals $423,000, larger than last
significance that was intended for ae a a ype oi iste sarily involve forgetting a line.| talent, in spite of, and not espe-| as $399,000 but several 4com-
it. That blow is the deathblow to It_may be mechanical acting re-|cially because of its direction. Continued on Page 6, ‘|
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Page Six

THE

COLLEGE NEWS

%

Wednesday, December, 5,195 1...



Students and Faculty Submit. Suggestions
To Decrease Rather Than Raise Expenses

Continued from Page 5

mitments in various departments
must be fulfilled to take care of
the increased number of students.
The income from residence fees
will also be higher but there is no

saving here either, since expendi-

tures must also be increased.

The income from the endowment
fund at 4.5% is estimated at
$424,000. This is the minimum fig-
ure and more interest is expected.
Professors’ salaries amount to
more and the cost of the halls is
$21,000 over last year’s. Even
though the. $88,000 deficit will
probably be reduced, next year
presents considerable problems to
the College. If the costs remain
high, salaries must be increased.

Suggestions were made by the
students concerning ways to re-
duce costs and the deficit. If stu-

dents provide their own linen and}

blankets, about $6000 a year can
be saved. Greater efficiency in
heating may be possible, perhaps

through . weather-stripping win-}

dows in the older halls. The din«
ing room service could be omitted,
but the plan whereby each maid
has several duties—pantry, dining-
room, and cleaning—is run so et-
ficiently that it costs us very little
more than “self-service”

“inerease‘in tuition :\be made.



colleges. [

The initial cost of a change in
service would make it less econom-
.cal than the present arrangement.
A new type of fund-raising can be
yegun. . In_profiting.by systems of

annual giving, we lag: far behind
-men’s :colleges.

‘A final alternative is that-a new
Bryn
Mawr’s: tuition’ is the’ second low-
2st in: the group of the big seven
women’s colleges. We must con-
sider our tuition in relation to out-
of-state charges for state univer-
sities. The question, “How much
should the tuition be raised’? is
impcrtant. About $60,000 more
would be added to the total income
‘f each student were asked for
3100 more, but scholarships would
have to be raised accordingly, and
aven this additional sum would not
meet the $88,000 deficit. It is im-
possible to calculate how many
students would be prevented from
coming to Bryn Mawr by: an in-
creased tuition fee.

Tiie problem of. costs and fees
was not solved at this meeting;
jut the discussion was a step in
the right. direction. Students were
ziven ja chance to see how a col-
lege must meet.the financial prob-

lenis raiséd by the higher cost of
iving’ in the modern inflation.

sult of and compatible with liberty



Sa

Democracy Deals with Three Elumonsssinabiytdiall, Societies; ‘Ke’ State;
These Must Be Reconciled With the Principles Of Equality and Freedom

Continued from Page 1

depends on the | division of labor in|
sociel classes. In this belief that |
the social status was a direct re-

lie the differences with the idea of
the French Revolution.

The myth on which the French
Revulution -was founded was the
freedom from feudalism in 1789.
It amounted to the Frenchman’s
loyaity being shifted from subjec-
tion to the King to subjection to
the nation. No religious pacts ex-
isted after Louis XIV, therefore
the average Frenchman did not
connect religion with the revolu:
tion.

Before the Revolution the
Frenchman was a member of a
group which decided his “liberties”
and determined his social status
Following the Revolution, the con-
cept of equal national citizenship
was created and a sovereign na-
tional state controlling every oth
er social organization. Qualified
perscns could attain any position
and they were striving for one sta-
tus, citizenship in the national
state. The main difference here is
clear. The French feared any com-
munity within the state and not
only abolished religious communi-
ties but enforced absolute individ-



ualism.

Rousseau, in contrast to Locke,
|wrote a generation before the
Revolution, the general truth of
its attack on the status system and
its glorification of citizenship:
first, the individual is not a social
or moral being at all until he is a
citizen; secondly, the. individual
surrenders all to the general will
of the state or is “forced to be
free”;
ate udsodlations of citizens for
they create factions detrimental to
the common good. Religion wax
the state’s. The two contrasting
ideals render one government mon-
opolized by the ruling class and
the other is radical democracy
forcing men to be free.

Dr. Sabine asked how two move-
ments can be so basically similar
and yet so contrasted. The prob-
jem contains three elements: indi-
vidual, societies and associations,
and the state. All three must enter
into any theory of democracy and
the concluding step is to determine
what light they throw on liberty
and equality. In a society in which
no collective ‘bodies existed except

the state, would patriotism be the

motivating force? In the absolute

individual societies, society be-

come: a demoralized rabble.: Indi-

}.

lastly, there were no priv-



viduals must--thén’ bé*-ruled by
force and never become devoted to
their government. Therefore; thas
liberty is not an attribute for one
person but the property of alk so
ciety.and its groups, was ‘one. ¢on-
clusion drawn.
‘Every man: lives ina set. of com
plicated individual. -associations.
Even today -we have minority
groups which are needy and: not
served. One.-topie. of: diseussior
that is always presented is ithe
American Negro, and Dr,::Sabine
considers the cause to be the re-
sentment aroused by: a position in-
compatible with self-respéct.
Both traditions emphasize two
aspects of a single underlying pur-
pose; democracy is a vast experi-
ment in human relations, and a
sociely may be created in. which
there is no incompatibility between
the personal wish and the dernands
society makes. Society must: pro-
tect free thinking minorities. It
must think of the incoming people
as correlative to their societies,
This society had to envisage.a kind
of relationship ‘which implied. pub.
ordination, but did not: destroy’
self-respect. These ideals, - sup-

plementing each other in this. fash.
ion, can be called liberty and’ equal-
i High



CHESTERFIELD -iarcesr sectine ciGARETTE IN AMERICA’S COLLEGES







Massachusetts Tech

ake fat-t=

rs know the facts

















Pb
NO UNPLEASANT AFTER-TASTE*

* From the Report of a Well-Known Research Organization

¥.eAND ONLY CHESTERFIELD HAS IT!

Copyright 1951, Liccerr & Myers Tosacco Co,