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Martha Schofield letter to her sisters
Title:
Martha Schofield letter to her sisters
Description:
Schofield details the struggles of the newly enfranchised African Americans in the South to vote and the violence enacted against them by white men. She also discusses the rampant racism in Aiken and her own struggles as an educator and defender of African Americans. She says that if they see fit, they can submit parts of the letter to be published by the press.
Date:
1880-11-07
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield draft letter to the New York Tribune
Title:
Martha Schofield draft letter to the New York Tribune
Description:
Draft of a letter by Martha Schofield recounting the testimony of African American women whose husbands had been murdered in the Ellenton Riot. Published in the New York Tribune on 2 June 1877
Date:
1877
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield letter draft to Governor Coleman Livingston Blease
Title:
Martha Schofield letter draft to Governor Coleman Livingston Blease
Description:
Letter draft. Responds to South Carolina Governor Coleman Blease's proposal to ban whites from teaching at schools for African Americans. Tells Blease that no one can stop her from doing God's work and that white voters do not want her school closed. Mentions the Marian persecution of Protestants. Implies that if her school were burned down, Aiken's African American population would burn down the rest of the town.
Date:
1912
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield notes on racial violence
Title:
Martha Schofield notes on racial violence
Description:
Primarily notes and letters in Martha Schofield's handwriting concerning instances of racial violence in South Carolina, including the Hamburg and Ellenton Riots. The 1876 Hamburg and Ellenton riots were instances of widespread violence perpetrated against African Americans at the end of the Reconstruction era, leading to multiple deaths. Includes a copy of a letter by Milly Bush about her murdered husband David Bush.
Date:
1870-1877
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Anonymous hate mail to Martha Schofield
Title:
Anonymous hate mail to Martha Schofield
Description:
Anonymous hate mail. Signed "a Maine man living here for 40 years." Responds to a letter by Martha Schofield published in the New York Herald Tribune (15 November 1876) describing the violence southern whites committed on African Americans. Accuses Schofield of deliberately lying to get attention. "Just such Cattle as you, are the ones that keep up strife between [North] and South."
Date:
1876-12-06
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Joseph D. Steele letter to Martha Schofield
Title:
Joseph D. Steele letter to Martha Schofield
Description:
Responds to a letter by Martha Schofield published in the New York Herald Tribune (15 November 1876) describing the violence southern whites committed on African Americans. Offers details about his life and family. Says he teaches at a school for African Americans. Discusses African Americans' schools and churches in Missouri, as well as backlash against them. Asks for a response from Schofield suitable for partial publication in Presbyterian newspapers. Discusses a Presbyterian minister named Hemphill whom he met in South Carolina.
Date:
1876-12-03
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Edna Louise Nicholson letter to Mary Ash Jenkins
Title:
Edna Louise Nicholson letter to Mary Ash Jenkins
Description:
Edna Louise Cohen Nicholson (b.1868) and her husband Alfred W. Nicholson were students of Martha Schofield's in Aiken, South Carolina. Probably addressed to Schofield's niece Mary Ash Jenkins (1875-1948). Written from Bettis Academy (run by Alfred W. Nicholson). Encloses a typed reflection on Martha Schofield that she wrote upon the recipient's request, titled "Reminiscences of Miss Martha Schofield, Founder of Schofield Institute." Recounts her experiences at the Schofield School and Schofield's humanitarian work for African Americans, saying that "she was for the colored people, a lawyer, doctor, and teacher. She taught them to buy homes, visited the jails and courts, and helped to intercede for the poor negro boys who were not treated fairly." Page 6 is a stereogram photo of a tablet presented to Schofield at the opening of the Institute's Carter Hall in 1882.
Date:
1930-1939
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield record of witness testimony
Title:
Martha Schofield record of witness testimony
Description:
Possibly a draft of a letter to a newspaper. Record of witness testimony in the trial of southern white men for the murders of African Americans during the Ellenton Riot.
Date:
1877-05-21
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Notes on violence against Richard Brown
Title:
Notes on violence against Richard Brown
Description:
Possibly written by Martha Schofield. Pages may be out of order. First page is a note about the contents addressed to "Kay, probably biographer Katherine Smedley. The rest is an account of racial violence against an African American man named Richard Brown [sp] (born ca. 1874), whom Martha Schofield sheltered and protected from white aggressors.
Date:
1901-1916
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield letter
Title:
Martha Schofield letter
Description:
Addressed to one or more of her siblings. Considers building houses and hiring families to work the land around the Schofield Normal and Industrial School. Describes the racial discrimination and violence faced by African Americans when trying to buy houses and vote. Envelope may not be associated with letter.
Date:
1870-1880
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor
Title:
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor
Description:
Draft letter to the editor of a periodical. From her perspective as a Northerner living in South Carolina during the Reconstruction era, Schofield examines the current racist political and social climate of the South. Denounces the old Southern regime of slavery as immoral. Depicts southern white people as full of a misplaced sense of pride and personal victimization, positing that their regressive attitude is hindering post-war social and political progress. Describes the white Southern resentment of Northern migrants, who are pressured to conform to white Southern values, and details white intimidation of black men in positions of political power. Defends the intelligence and potential of African Americans. Emphasizes the necessity of education and acceptance of change in order for the reconstruction of Southern society to succeed. Points out that reformation is a difficult process that is historically met with resistance.
Date:
1877-1878
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor
Title:
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor
Description:
Draft of a letter to the "Journal"; some text is cut off. Recounts the events of a trial where bias and jury intimidation resulted in white men being aquitted for the murders of African Americans; possibly referring to the Ellenton Riot of 1876. Says that "justice would remain shackled, and brutal force triumphant, until every fiber of law was founded on equal rights and universal suffrage."
Date:
1870-1897
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
Title:
Martha Schofield draft letter to the editor of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
Description:
Describes the Ellenton Riot, based on testimony given at the resulting trial.
Date:
1877-05-22
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield draft letter to the Woman's Journal
Title:
Martha Schofield draft letter to the Woman's Journal
Description:
Partial draft of a letter Schofield published in the 23 June 1877 edition of the Woman's Journal. Reports on the trial of southern whites involved in the Ellenton Riot. Describes the event based on witness testimony. Notes northern apathy towards the incident.
Date:
1877-06-10
Collection:
Martha Schofield Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Thomas Mott letter to Anna Davis Hallowell
Title:
Thomas Mott letter to Anna Davis Hallowell
Description:
Discusses the controversy surrounding the 1865 integration of public "cars" that gave access to people of color.
Date:
1880-1884
Collection:
Mott Manuscripts, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Jean M. Lander letter to Abby Hopper Gibbons
Title:
Jean M. Lander letter to Abby Hopper Gibbons
Description:
Jean M. Lander was an actress and the wife of General Frederick W. Lander. Was disappointed that she missed Gibbons on Saturday. Has sent supplies to hospitals for wounded soldiers and visited the hospitals and camps on Folly and Morris Islands in South Carolina. Many supplies are needed, including woolen clothing, bandages, eggs, and sugar. Discusses the conditions of the hospitals, the prevalence of disease, and the benefits of sending men home to convalesce. Discusses the interaction of white and colored regiments and contrasts northern free black men from the newly freed slaves. Discusses soldier's pay.
Date:
1864-01-27
Collection:
Abby Hopper Gibbons Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Thesta Dana letter to Abby Hopper Gibbons
Title:
Thesta Dana letter to Abby Hopper Gibbons
Description:
Thesta Dana was the wife of Brigadier General James Jackson Dana and a member of the National Association for the Relief of Destitute Colored Women and Children. The letter is chiefly concerned with Lord and Lady Amberley, who were staying at the house of John V. L. Pruyn. It also reports on the state of Maria R. Mann's school for African-Americans and describes Sally Cadwallader's daily commute from Washington to Bladensburg, Maryland, to teach African Americans.
Date:
1867-12-19
Collection:
Abby Hopper Gibbons Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Martha Schofield letter to Anna M. Jackson
Title:
Martha Schofield letter to Anna M. Jackson
Description:
Martha Schofield was a Quaker educator who founded the Schofield Normal and Industrial Institute for African Americans. Probably addressed to Anna M. Jackson and the Yearly Quaker Meeting. Describes the racial violence inflicted on African Americans in the South and discusses the necessity of education as the primary means of black empowerment. Emphasizes the importance of educational funding for African American schools.
Date:
1897-05-07
Collection:
Branson-Jackson Family Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Abby Hopper Gibbons letter to Dr. Anthony Heger
Title:
Abby Hopper Gibbons letter to Dr. Anthony Heger
Description:
Dr. Anthony Heger served as Medical Director of the hospital at Point Lookout, Maryland. Discusses the tying of Moses Thompson, an African American cook who was accused of stealing stores from the hospital, to a tree and her subsequent actions. Defends herself from Colonel Robert Smith Rodgers's charge that she overstepped her "proper sphere, " by saying that "I have always held it to be wherever there is sickness and suffering in any form" and "I did not voluntarily step out of my 'proper sphere, ' but by solicitation, and in answer to the calls of humanity which it is the business of my life to regard." Replaced the hospital's lost stores from her own personal property.
Date:
1863-05-11
Collection:
Abby Hopper Gibbons Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College
Abby Hopper Gibbons letter to Lucy Gibbons Morse
Title:
Abby Hopper Gibbons letter to Lucy Gibbons Morse
Description:
Discusses recent events concerning friends/family. Mentions women's education. Describes her work as a war nurse. Discusses her son Willie and the effect his death had on her. Describes violence committed by Union soldiers against the Contraband (a term used during the Civil War to refer to formerly enslaved people who had escaped to Union lines) and General Lockwood's steps to protect the refugees. Discusses poor hospital conditions.
Date:
1863-06-16
Collection:
Abby Hopper Gibbons Papers, In Her Own Right, Swarthmore College

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