Å

t

.t

,
dinner. It can't really be done, but we
have no choice in the preseut emergency
exceot to dci it.

So^, while,we are in this time of waiting
for the hour when we can again take on

LtrTTtr,RS
took-to jL:l:.t:nt"n'ber their

class'strugÊle

ac-

calls openly for state censorship and

årt i¡d roose with freedom of
jiy:rl::ärlï;!iii','i.üit pi.r".îlåiäã.- piuv.
the Barnwe, de'ronstration, to beautify
ì .,,,i"in."ì"ã to use on the
ir3îilJ,"* iilå iilä[',füi5Ë'liiiî.",'..r:H; iqitriü+'i''"il,'itql-:qË,[,îfi;
occasions' I doubt that I'l

I.'r

serrding vou a batik banner I

ffit**E**i11¡;19ü',;
i:r,iî:t":î,.:åin:iå:ii,îiiijiln,,n"
::'tr"$jili'åiîi'fåi,jËLËkil
n'ingrã.o'.ptexitv ãnd passion' She
Ll::."-T
\,i;ìÑi.;;;"r;;uãiineitt"t".t seablook
ói'siàri"ir;ï;i'
*ov
ri'hile not grinding
*"r"
*irr"1r.èv
occr¡oation to Barnwer.
"rìJ"ît'r,åîîi,irËi
it r"t91rv ,o:itËrtå- "'å-ur-¿ ip"ut *ith force
c"*r.r,t'rjïipîiä
welr àppreciat"¿ tv p"opiå.Tãiá'õí"'

rirst

disobèôience at Barnwe' ror the

ï::T,::i{,J.Jå"1,{'fii.ðå',T:i.fåii

"f

ili*i**n'il:idiîi:"Jtîl''å"

the "establishment"-the paper tiger
powers out there-we can be strengthèning our resolve, refining our politicetljic, keeping up our spirits, fulfilling

ouiselves as individuals, and.creating
models ofhiÈher consciousness and behayior at othër levels, Small búsinesses
which serve useful social functions áre
an excellentway to do this. The quesfion
of the ethical-political validity of the

signifi'

social Durpose being served is
I
cant. Ih other words-, the contradictions I
of olavins out a process well on behalf of l
u'lbuä"ör queitionable social aim,-or--'
olavinsout a process "evilly" on behalf
ðtan eÏtricatty valid aim must alwaysbe
honestly faced and carefully.weighed..
I beliêve that Marty and his comrades
'are likelv contnibutinÊ to social change'
The full iignificance õf their contribution
remains tõbe seen. I hqpe that next time
May 25, 1978/Yol. XlV, No. 19
I comeeast I will have tlie opportunity to
feed at Common Ground in Brattleboro'
4. Disarmament: The Politics of
a place I þave good memories of .
I

I

r,I;rtf2

i'

i.

ffi;i

rèsources-e.g. the

i:'ï:i:;år""%ffËü;;;uö"
atranta,
It is hard to understand why
radicars in rsza fin¿

rhJiï;ffi;ïr

Àrneric¡ncom-o,,¡,-'uiiîîiäic*å,book" as

*ìong

the new

:;yl,iirË;';h""iäì.iär

g"n"ä-ti*'ãi"
.î¡"tv ir"ñ".th

3"t*ilt"+*iålå".'3::îtåi4'"1!it$

Booming Yearforthe
'14, APentagon's
Top Fen/Cordon
Adams
,

füåíäïr.ä

Martv Jezer puts it in tñä
He is'ioined 6v nnn voriir.ã|t'riãui¿on

ããié on the.t"rt over the contested
óf ñazis to-hold street demonstrations'

16. Changes

s."Xrä*1X,":ält#jiÏlÏg#L;;
i.åd'""¿#l"t;*J,*',lË!üf*ff
y^t-'Él:ii'åi:;;:ä'"i;;'J;;ìì';rä
influente. rhe Nazis are notonlv
ñäzi influen
*ot irtü"g ðì'ting' There are èven those Nazi

-;;;åï;iltËl;*rvi"-;";;gfiI#,. "Ui[ítÈ!i:l#"ll'"*;;;

,î'È;;ã *L"¿"rful, esseniial

*r'" iäljiìt"it;ii;:

wh;ì;i;i""tî'å'i"l-

19. Reviews /Steven LYdenberg

and David McReynolds

i'ut-'ntiit t"n"tics' but the potential

ä.¡il"i;"'f:'"J,:#ïii:'?åil]åiHË:'
ä.
oåiËïü
".äåì."t
rutu,, i:igl*"',xå'JnxlJ#å."'
äîã*
i;i" ì""r, iiTt ;í"r'. ,#i"'tl"lrË*,
",ii;¡:Tþi:i.i:1*:}Ë-r:iËonest
:;:ïi1î1,îi,îüJ;:li3l"'ì,Í.1ïm;
ão'',' tmustiesist awalkdownthe
äii'äitì"tiì u5;vt'i"t' off"rs the ðon-, 11::lÎilÌ"il'¡'È",ji;;ä'äË;;;ttt"
mvth that the cP played
-- a- pro¡
änärv sian"v

a

Ammunition
Trade/'NARMIC

11. The Deadly

6;tt"rice a'

r:r:.dïTi?irîtî:"ïå,ïË[f*çl

ur." n.,än-n

ïî'ilt"
(t

"
conrmunist party are humån beings,

rolc iti

f,åËiìtã; rÏtã'

gi1t",*xr*,'llJ:ffiIfrirh""r:'e;
is.

rr roao"ron "3ttilt""frÎison neglects.the
B'"å.Y'iiñ:i:

iüt-if1ai ii.not what The Rom¡nce
t'rrr ^- censorshlp
^^-ô^r -L:debate in wIN on
íü""t. lt;ã ä¡"ut nort"ieiã. tet ànother The
not
been
has
snuffrìlms
attempt to tran.rog.'i:f iñLtÞ]..r
"

i¡"

n

ffi..:ïåî:'J,îx:,'"trl';:¡å'r;.rå:"'"i
*óuè-

äù'iäi#î;ïüf
ment.
"''lfitether

i'd;

Cover: "And they shall beat their
swords into ploughsharès... "
Sculpture at UN Plaza. Photo
by Patrick Lacef ield.

ntuåî{lT,lr.

troversial thesis that"ìiËiruer;

ñi;;;i.ì

or not its membef

s

^¡
ot

fe-ar-and

STAFF

ffiff:trî:îi';:î,"J,Ë:l'nit:l*r
the depth of thetf app"1l:_
attend to

sãrtur" p"tnini

casts too màny

t;;_"y abõut

þ1rütr"
ottriäiii"t"a

õampaign to mock and vili'
fV wãmen. In too riruc-h of the advertising

[i[jìi]:î]"i"îiî,ll'11'""f;1'äå""
t:"lteínative businesses fos'
;Iigff",T['ili:lil$11""";ry1
il*Ëï:i'gtilgn':l
ä-t"*ttéi-tt"t
abouJåäiiiï'
Stalin's
nitpicking
':'Ari"#äilt
Lauritson's
the Moscow Trials and
moving
olauãed
offeirsive'
inurder of miltions?) is irrelevant' What altogether
"î8#ä;;ìiñi"iç!
a cogent and
mauers is rh" n.tu." ultit ã'puitv or
tñii'fi'ä"t.
or
îrîåïiur"
l;iää;î;;;àìiüãi;irrt
which they wer" nl"*îirî
terrå"r'i'ii'ri"äi,rt
starinism which destroyed the socialist Hi;äi.ii;¿ti;nbetween
movement. not onty in ihe uS, but an
-åääì;î;.,Ëii ".úi"rrr ãitãiõã."*.

Susan Beadle o Patrick Lacefield'

funda'

n"lplåiå;, ;;;üì;;";.inito ttre wind. Things
*0""1î$Ñån/¿s.scn'R
u'"ong o'
"'"
in.1,"r1"ffi';ìnî#;iËi.^ïiïïË
-inãiãlIrin.,
n.v.
the preseni media'

were

Michael Lardner o Lauri Lowell
Susan Pines. Murray Rosenblith

UCIE/IR RflCE

ter social chanse"' Through
the April 13 issue conärãund' l
oiece to whiìh he refers, so
[aining ttre'isséd
ñl i;;-t c''ã" in the middle of the diatogite, seéins ãs how it's one that's been

overtheworldHJñäã;;îõ;;ithîtrêìncreasingcoJncgnforawhileanvwavanopro'
while longer'
women, a"Jir rigttito ñrise"s to-go on for a
Far from being empathetic, Gornick's
t",it¡jrîüîij:åi::il;:iåii
ú;h
ffi;;
"g"i"st
"iãr"îõ"
po'nog'"pÀ'vä
'
interviews u'" r'ór'o"1"Ñåîiä;"i;;;;r' ;Ë;IË;ü*"nt
;ñp'tJ*-;iìË-p"óiooñ¿Ëod¡al illness is a meta¡p'tttitic-ethic' we will find strate'
ootitics' No reminders åätå trt"ne"t i"
ã*una
ilñ"'
;Ëit
- gies appîonriate to each level to plav out'
Þartv line to meet Russian requirements rihiôtr ttris violence reflects
B"ïËï;î"ääÙlviãi'îi"iiilil;;täï
the Popular Front onedav to. .
ät*éiät' äiãlilevels-in our peìsonal
-frõm
"fascism is a matte' of taste" -ovèrnight iniiitutionalized propaganá;lfË;älives' our''ibusiness" (ceremonial) lives'
iä;ì;;ö
poriroglapq¡
(soirituar) rives' our outer po'
with the signing of the Hitler'stalin-Pact' vertising and

i*i.f:lr#JfrÏlítdoelittîr,å':','Ft

Ëi;;¡ " ;"ong

meas-ure

o¡'åäiåi

r"eiti'

2

WIN MaY 25, 1978

fearihe onlv serious consid

fiå.#,jii;ililltrliiüniiå{':'--f

503Atlantic Ave.l Sth Floor
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Telephone : (212)624.8117, 624'8595
dra Adickes o peg Averi I l, . J an Barry . LAnce
Belville r Maris Cakars* . Susan Cakars*. Jerry
Coffin o Lynne Shatzkin Coffin o Ann Davidon ¡ Ruth
Dear o Ralph DiCia* ¡ William Douthard. Dwight
Enresl . Rutlìann Evanoff o Chuck Fager ' J im
l-orest . Larry Cara. Ed Hedemann* ' Crace
Hedenrann* . Marty Jezer. Paul Johnson o John
Kypero Elliot L¡nzer". Jackson Mac Low.David
McRevnolds* . Mary Mayo. Dav¡d Morr¡s. Mark, t
Morris . J inì Peck o lgal Roodenko. . Vick¡ Rovere*
Wencly Schwartz* . Martha Thomases o Art
Waskow o Susan W¡lkins o Beverly Woodward
San

*Memberof WIN Ed¡torial

Board

I

Wl N is publ i shed every Th ursday except for the

first

week in January, the fourth week in March, the
seconcl week in J une, the last two weeks in August,
the first two weeks in September and the last week in

our inner

l;ntrfltrriffii¡äffi
ffiüi,;t#***m*$*;= ffiå'ållrgq{trffiiffitrlîiiïJ,ä$$¿ån"";ïËË#iîî:
iï¡,råî:'r',Ë,::ï{ît'i'åîst"i,ü,'ö,
iüiiiä*ti"ã añnesialcotnickis sub'

Organizing Against Arms
Sales/ Mike Clark

dangêrous and evil
gxprelsion. rook closelvãt the debate in

;;i;h

Ga. ri.,l'diå+:T:.**Ë"äi:#n" poi't on,p.ritici. \ryatch thè recent de:iFJ:åiåä[::i:i:i:i"iänÍåä-*'"'"
right

pacifist,/

Session/Da v id McRey nalds
B.

fä:iri,'"""ïîii,,ï'lË;i#iiu,i,"å::i Hïå*Ïi:llfäi¡;if,'"år:ïl:iÉ'* "bïliX",TiJåi|fåli!ìi*'*bip:::
of
sion to do so.
n"t"'J"ty u"- vasive'contemoi for libertv' Too many
sturi*iïüïà''iti'ió'i"uily
Mv l¡vIN subscription ran out last win- .uur" iiìuugl.,t ,,the currênt g";;Jañ
ter and I was starting to miss it, Recent_
¿;d;;;ã"
"iriá",
lv. r,ve been using back iii-u-es â rot ".
tt'c io.åâ'åisoJiäii.'' n ui'u"õ'
peacãôonversion "rM";;i;t.ç;;rr"ïì

the United Nations Special

-MIRIÄMW-OLF
Oakland, Calif.

December

Drawing by Erica Weihs

by W.l.N. Magazine, lnc w¡th the

suooort of the War Resisters League Subscript¡ons
are $15 oer vear. Second class postage paid at New
York, NY IOOOI and additional mailing offices lndividual writers are responsible for opinions exoressed and accuracy of facts g¡ven. Sorry-manuìcripts cannol be returned unleìs accompanied by a
self-addressed, stamped envelope
printed ¡n USA
May 25,1978WlN 3

üisarmament:
the politics of the

ruritednations
special session

which has demonstrated, in some quarters, a singular incompetenceon the matter.
There arethree points to be made as a preliminary to discussing the Special Session. First, to condense into â few lines the points l'd made in a
recent issue of WRL News, the United Nations
today has undergone a tremendous shift from the
early years, when ¡t was effectively under the total
control of the United States and ser:ved as a usef ul
cloak for a good deal of US foreign policy. With the
steady libeiation of much of the-world from colonialism, many new nations have entered the UN,
and so many of these have ref used to join either the
Soviet or Western bloc, that the UN simply is not

underthe control ofeitherone
Second, the United Nations has no power in
itself . World Federalists and United Nations Associations often act as if the UN were in some way
independent of the.national states that make it up,
and as a consequence they have illusions about the
UN andwhat itcan do. ln factthe UN is not a sovereign power; iñdividual states (lsrael and South
Afriãa åre excellent examples) can defy UN reso-'
lutions with complete impunity, and theonly Power
any UN delegatehas is to ref lect on the f loor of the
UN the instructions from the delegate's capital.
Andrew Young, for example, does not make
poticy-he states policy thatthe US government
has already agreed on. A memberof the United
States Congress has very real power, however
limited.,Congress can levytaxes on us, it can conscript us. lt can require us to be lailed if we don't
paythetaxes or serve in the military. And
members of Congress arethere until theirterms
expire-they cannot be dismissed by the President. There is no UN Ambassador who cannqt be
replaced tomorrow by his or her government. And
:

by David McReynolds

r|.r

I

he United Nations Special Session on Disarm-

ament, opening May 23 and running for f ive
weeks, is oneof the most important, and least pub-

\

licizedevents in the history of the United Nations'
(Carter has already shown his contempt for it þY.
àxcluding from the ÚS delegation anyone from the
Americañ peace mbvement. ) lt is doubtful if one
American in a thousand knows the Special Session
is aboutto open (again, Carter musttake responsibility for faiiing.to use any of the vast power of his
off ice to inform the public or prepare them for any
serious proposals the US might present.)
Disarmament conferences call to mind- if they
call anyth ing to mind -the sadness of those held in
the 19j0's añd early 30's, which ended in World
War ll . Disarmament itself is one of those noble
objectives every political leader favors, and about
*h¡.h no politicai leader planstodovery much'
The wholä issue of disarmament seems so unreal to
the average person that there is no mass constituencv fortñe issue in this country' ln contrast, the

irtu'" ¡t

so real to the Japanese, who suffered

even a unanimous vote of the UN cannot raise my
taxes by a single penny. ln this sense the buildings
that stand iust north of 42ndstreeton theeast
sideof First Avenue are illusions.
,But i//usion s have power, because world opinion
has power. And thereforethe Special Session of
this powerless body is, in the real political world, a
powerful political fact
powerful symbol
'how and also a
it came to be convened. The United
because of
States, China, and the Soviet Union all opposed the
Special Session. The Soviets had favored a Confer-

the

only use of nuclear weapons, that they have
gatirered several tons of names on petitions to the
ÚN and are sending nearly 50Odelegates,
including theVen. Sato, headof the Japanese
Buddha Sangha.
lf the Special Session was on solar energy, it
' would be very chic, and if it was on the new inter-

well is urgent, but also, by its nature, toovastto be
dealt with by factory workers and housekeepers. ln
fact, as this article will attempt to show, the issues
involved can only be dealt with by "average
.' citizens," and must notbe leftto governments,
nor, for the most part, to the peace movement

enceon Disarmament which would have f ull power
to conclude a treaty that would bind the states.
( I f rankly doubt the Soviets are quite that eager to
but
di ssol ve'thei r whole m i I itary establ i shment
posipublic
their
sincere,
they
are
,r,vhether or not
tion continues to be complete and general disarmament and the US has never tried to f ind out if the
Russians are bluff ing. )
The Chinese are bitterlyopposed to moves
toward di sarmamedt because they recogn ize thei r
own military weakness as compared to the US and

David McReynolds isco'convener of the May 27th
Task Force ol the Mobilization for Survival, and is
on the national staff of the War Resisters League.

the Soviet Union. They deeply fear that the real
intent of any Soviet-spónsored disarmament conference would be the continuation of the unea$Y

national regulations for baseball it would be the
main topic of every bar in town. But it is only a .
conference about the survival of human lifeon this

planet-a topic the average person knows perfectly

.

-

existing US/Sovietdominationáf theworl¿. .
l ;qr1d international arena. But I have absolutely no
Bluntly.put, the Chinese have said they will be
.,oillusions.that the Special Session can do more than.
perfectly happy to stop their n uclear tests and
' open a discussion. Much of the peace
end
movement
their milítary programs when they,üiÀ;4";Ëi;
has been extremely unrealistic about the Special
and Americans.get rid of their boabs butìñ;y;b_
Session
solutelyrejectthepresent,,t*opowli-.*',, .,,,
There is, first, a failure within the US movement
'
domination." .
,
to see that Soviet arms are a/so a problem. lt is a
., The Americans.opposed the Special Session for
human error to act in the present on the basis of
the same reason the US.has consistently opposed
past experience. During the Vietnam War one of
Tolel toward general disarmament since'the risé,
the complications was that men like Dean Rusk did
of Soviet power-the sensible u*ur"nér, thut
not see the Vietnam situation as a legitimate
imperial capitalism has much greater need for.
national struggle, but saw it-based on the
armies than the Soviet bloc. (Tie Soviet needfor
m.emoryof Munich-as an expanding lmperial
,
maintaining troops in Easter:n Europe is gui{8,
China. Now, having learned from thñ¡einam
real- but it does not compare to ihe'US néed to
situation that America was the problem, we tend to
maintain controlover a vast ånd complex network
look on the arms race as if it had the samã single
of economi^c holdings. ) tn the 1920,s ånd
iO;r,'
The New York heaclquarters of the
Unìtecl Nat¡on s, where the
betore the Soviets were a major power and
"uriy
Dis¿rnìanrent will be lrelrl. phurograph bv patrick LacefielJ. Special Session on
before
wars of liberation, the US had been quite seriousiy,
,-#
interested in disarmament. Wewoui¿ hãu" gaineã
from the disarming of the imperial poweis
France and Creat Britain. We emerged f rom the
SecondWorld War a great imperialþower in our
ôwn right, and from that time on have shown no
interest in "complete and general disarmament.,,
The US and the Soviets have, after aii, managed
to exclude the restof the world from the SALT "
ió
talks, which are nothing but a bilateral effort to
R Ët.
maintain suff icient armid power to control the
world without continuing to pay quite as much as it
-.4
now costs. The two superpowers were extremely
.funhappy to have the whoie world iuttåJ ¡" ro j;;
thediscussion. How, then, did ¡t happenifhäån_
swer lies in the non-alig.ned and developing nations
w.hich now comprise a clear majority in [tre U¡l_a
bloc without military power, and without any clear
political agreement within itself , and vet a bioc
which neitherthe US northe Soviet UÁion can
afford to ignore. These nations, ranging from
democracies to military dictatorship"s, ind including socialist and capitalist statés, joined to
compel the major powers to accept thãspecial Ses_
sion. And here we have a major twist on ihe theme
of the earl i er conferences of ihe 1920, sand 30,s _
in that case one intent was to curb the m ilitary
powerof emerging states, and in this case it is
the
collection of emerging states that are seeking to
curb the superpowers, knowing that the long_
promised funds for developing nations will ñever
become avaitabte untess tti" uiÀi.ãcã ii Ë"riãâ.'
(One can th ink of this as a vast effort
by ihå Afriian,
Latin, and Asian states to get some k¡nd of ,,TransrerAmendment,, through the UN.)
al Sess ion itielf can noi draw up an d
^, _The.Soeci
s_rgn
a treaty for submission to the membei
states.
It ts to be simply a forum, a ,,special session,,
to
tare upthe problem of arms. ln a certain sense it is
a consultation to see if more serious action
should
later be taken.
support the Special Session precisely
,oecause
l:!i:tgl.t
rt r,s a victory over the great powers, and
torces the discussion of disarmament into a public
,

¿d.

4WlN May 25, 1978
May 25, 1978 WtN 5

,
isthefailureof
what I woulcl call the "establishment" peace
A rnr.¡ch more serious problem

groutr)s to understancl the systemic roots of

the
anrs race or the link between disarmament and
raclical economic anclpolitical change. I had a
chance to watch this problem manifest itself both at

('.¡r

\

t

'

,, ,' r

br P¡l Oliphant

/f

he Washington Star

cause. Unhappily it is much morecomplex.
America is the greatest single part of the problem,
but the problem is worlcl-wide. The Soviets are
deeply involved. lf you lookecl at the world for a
moment through Yugoslavor Chinese eyes, you
might even be more worried about Soviet intentions than about those of the US.
So while we must give primary attention to the
US (not becausewe live here, but becausethe US is
the primary problem) we cannot afford the error of
assuming there are no aggressive tendencies in the
Soviet -ilitary's high command, orthat all Soviet
troops are going to act only in self -defense (if we
had any illusions about that, the invasion of Czechoslovakia just ten years ago should have shattered
them). We have also just seen the Belgrade Conference end with a clear ref usal by the Soviets to
abide bV key provisions of the Helsinki Agreements. And in small but signif icantways the Soviets have tipped their hand. When t was at the U N to
lobby for UN recognition of the lnternational Con-

federation for Disarmament and Peace (ICDP)-a
firmly non-aligned group with which the Yugoslavs
are affiliated- I found that it was the Soviet Union
which objected to granting ICDP consultative sta-

tus and finallyvetoed it. (l alsowas presentduring
the discussion on Amnesty lnternational (Al),
wh ich has con sultative status, i n the same way that
War Resisters International (WRl) does, and heard
the delegate from fascist Chile make a bitter attack
on Al followed immediately bythe Soviet delegate
who made an even more hostile,attackon Al for
daring to protest on the matter of political prisoners. ) So. . .wh ile the US is the main problem, the
Soviets aren't innocent and the Chinese aren't
being helpf ul and we must proceed without illusions that the whole problem can be blamed on any

o¡e country
6WlN May 25, 1978

the Ceneva Conference of Non-Covernmental Organizations tlrat met in early March to prepare for
the Special Session, and in Washington DCatthe
State Department's brief ing of American peace
grollps in mid-March. lnthecaseof Cenevathe
disturbing thing was that aside from the WRI and
ICDP clelegates, no one else seemed to notice how
few non-al ignecl nations hacl bothered to show up
or to worry that not a single Chinese off icial had
been sent-orVietnameseor Korean. ltwas basically a conference of 7OO US/West European,/East
European folks who were happy with their "sense
of fanrily, " honored to be meeting in the UN
building in Ceneva, and quite unaware even of the
tinre of clay. Most of the Western delegates did not
notice that the Soviets had so heavily packed the
conference that they effectively destroyed its value
as an inclependent world forum. They didn't seem
too happy to find that the J apanese had sent nearly
100 delegates
-the J apanese had to f ight for
minimal representation on the commissions, And
it was damn harcl to even get a minority position
reg i sterecl
- if you read the documents caref ul ly
yoLr'll f incl that one commission recognized the
rights of conscientious objectors as a universal
hr.rman right and another commission report had an
asterisk noting that some delegates "insisted"
(how very diff icult of us !) on being recorded, over
Western and Eastern objections, as favoring unilateral actions toward disarmament by each and
every nuclear power. Those little concessions were
won by the WRI delegatioñs, who were well represented and fought hard. But I think it was hardly
worth the bother -the general political level of the
conference was extremely low.
The one victory at Ceneva was the post-Conference meeting of the Yugoslavs, J apanese, ICDP
and WRI people, which led to calling the lnterna-

tional Mobilization for Survival Conference. fhat
was worth the plane fare- but getting aste¡'isks
i

nto clocuments wasn't.

This general problem of a naive and ingrown
approach to the Special Session has continued. lt
ranges from the lsizarre (on May lBth something
called "Planetary Citizens lnc." gave an lnternational Peace Ball insidethe UN building, with
tickets going for $65 each, Chase Manhattan and
Chemical Banks among the f ive sponsors, and featuring a special "Cucci Fashion Presentation") to
the incredible. The incredible is that the UN agreed
to have one day set aside for Non-Covernmental
Organizations (NCO) to speak to the off icial delegates, and the NCO's proceeded to set up a committee to determine who could best speak for the
people of the world. I should not have been sur-

prisedthatthe committee decided it Should simply
nominate itself, which it did. The speakers list was
drawn up in secret and included-when itfinally
sawthe lightof day-groups astinyas Homer
J ack's World Conference on Religion and peace,
the "lnternational Peace Bureau" which doesn,i
even havq a f ull time staff of one, let alone a serious
constituency, and of course the Friends World
Comm ittee for Consultation, si nce the chai rman of
the Nominations Committee was f rom that group.
WRl, which has NCO status, has working relationships with UNESCO and ECOSOC, and represents
tens of thousands of pacifists on all f ive continents,
was neither nominated norconsulted. WRI had
suggested a speaker be chosen from the Mobilizatioh for Survival, but that suggpstion was simply
ignored. The irony is that th is self-appointed group
of establishment peace groups was bluntlytold by
the UN itself -when the UN sawthe listof
speakers
- that they would have to add at least one
J apanese, and it would be nice if some effort could
be made to include NCO speai<ers from nonaligned and developing countries.
However, the nicest irony is that NCO day is
J une 12-and we will see who is serious, because I
th ink any of the groups that send speakers into the
hall should also have at least one person taking part
in the Mobilization action at the US Mission. Rarely
have we had so good a chancê to contrast realities.
The suits, ties, and Cucci styles will be inside. The
groups with a mass con stituency will be outside.
Finally, two hopeful notes with which.to close.
One is that despite real pressures from some sections of the peace movement against any public
demonstration or rally near the UN for fear it would
somehow upset the delicate negotiations, the people will be in the streets on May 27th and J une 12.
Theywill bethere bythethousands. As we build a
serious movement toward disarmament, we will
have to conf ront not only the governments, but
those within the peace movement who, over the
years, have thought that if we walked softly and
cárried good thoughts peace would come. i think,
here of Andrew Young and the attitude some pacif ists have toward him and the US Mission Îo the UN

possible for Young or Carter to do the things that in
their hearts they might want to do.
The second hopefulthing is that non-aligned
forces will be conferring during the Special Session . WRl, ICDP, the J apanese, the Yugoslavs, the
Mobilization for Survival-some 800 persons will
meet in New York on May 28th and 29th to map out
the next steps in the international campaign to
compel the great powers to disarm. Registation is
$10, f ull information by writing Peggy Duff , 11th
floor,777 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
The work ahead of us is very difficult. There is no
major power we can lookto asour ally. There are
vast military and economic and cultural structures
that must beoverturned. Weourselves must lift
our own consciousness, and realize the importance
of ourown lives inthiswork. lf welookbacktothe
liberation of lndia, of China, of Vietnam-orof
Southern blacks-the single unifying factwas that
the great mass of "ordinary peopie" recognized
their own power, mobil ized themselves, swept
aside those who feared the conceþt of "the mass in
action." Forthe "mass in action" is nothing buta
collection of individuals f inally aware of their own
power, and aware that unti I they speak and act for
themselves they have no hope.
Neither liberation nor disarmament-which is a
form of liberation involving the most radicalof
changes-will be delivered into our hands. The
invitation to the Cucci lnternational Peace Ball on
May 1B specif ied Black Tie. May 27th and J une
12th do not require Black Tie. They require something money cannot buy and governments cannot
control-your committment, heart and soul, to
work for all the years to come until we have, gently
where possible, by confrontation where necessary,
disarmed the great powers, thereby preparing a
home forour children, and our grandchildren and
allthe generations stillto come. Where necessary,
governments can be replaced-the human race
can

not.

-O.

lnternational Mobi lization for Survival Convenors, meeting in Ceneva after NCO
Conference. Left to right: Terry Provan ce, U.S.A.; Peggy Duff, Ct. Britain; Smilja
Avramov, Yugoslavia; Ven. Sato, J
n. Photo by David McReynolds.

now that Young is Ambassador. Young is a man of

courage, of integrity, and of decency. But he is also
the representative of an imperial power. He is
doing what he feels he can do best at this point in
his life-but let us remember howYoung came into
public life. My guess is that Ygung-and more than
a handful of government off icials
-wish to Cod we
would stop kissing their feet and would,
instead,
mobilize in the streets as Young once did. He
knows well enough that there were decent wh ites in
the "Old South" who could only be liberated by
Martin,Luther King's marches, who were only free
to act atter King had created an "impossible
situation" by massive confrontation.
Those who are so timid about mass demonstrations
and about possibly "embarrassing" young or
"embarrassing" the UN are in fact making it im-

May25, 197BWlNZ

a,historic meeting, the beginning of a.new

u.s.
ARftlS

sAtes

movement.
The input from more than a dozen panelists was
of a consistently high quality. Three among them
were Richard Falkof Princeton University, J an
Nolan of the Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency, and Steve Cohen of the Policy Planning
Staff of the US Departmentof State.
Falk summarized what he felt were the f ive goals
of current US foreign policy in general and US arms
export pol icy in particular;

e.g
I

Sbl<$v

w

'Quick, Flimish. . .the o¡der forms'
Car trrrrn

by Slayskal/Chicago Tribune

oa

V

\

0n[u I

(1 )

contin ued access to

Middle'East oi I ; (2) containment of Th ird World
radicalism; (3) containmentof Soviet and Chi¡ese
inf luence; (4) defense of lsraeli security; and (5)
maintenance of US hegemony in l-atin America.
The Carter Administration's groblem, Falk said,
was how to make continuity with past administrations seem like discontinuity. He described foreign
arms sales as one of the major components of
"humanitarian imperialism," or "the Nixon Doctrine with a human tace." What is needed in the
present period, he said. is a people's campaign that
will take advantage of tactical opportunities to
oppose arms sales, e.g., Koreagate, andthat will
demythologize and delegitimize the myths of the
new "humanitariãn imperialism. "
Jan Nolan spoke abouttheeconomic impactof
arms sales and the role which the arms industry
plays in f ueling the internationalcommerce in con-

ventional weapons. She said that wh ile on ly four to
f ive percent of US exports are weapons-related, the
dependency with in certain sectors of industry is
more pronounced. Furthermore, wíthin a given
sector such as aerospace, certain companies are
virtually dependent upon exports for their continued economic viability, e.g., Textrdn-42o/o of
total sales; Crumman -31%; North rop-87%o
Arms exports also produce jobs for an estimated
200-400,000 workers. ln responseto Carter's policy
of last May, the military corporations have
increased their already considerable pressure upon
government deci sion-makers. Arms industry
spokespersons have denounced the Carter policy
as "inappropriate interference in free enterprise."
Th i s is the way that the m il itary company views any
attempt to r:egulate its aggressive sales promotion
and cultivation of foreign governments. She '
concluded by warning that any serious effort to re.
strict arms sales must take into accountthe power
of the military industry and its proven ability to
prevail in the public policy arena.
.

by Mike Clark

Q
D

ince it was the largest single arms package in

us history, the reãent Coñgressional debìte

rround i n g Pres ident Carter's thoughtf u I valentine to the Midclle East was very important.
Equally important was the fact that once again,
given the opportunity to veto a major US arms sale
(as it has had the chance to do on more than -100
occasions in recent years), the Senate decided not
to block the deal. Holding center stage in the arms
sales debate since Carter's February'14 announcement, the Middle East package was being discussed in the context of increasing citizen activity
wh ich calls into question not only this particular
transfer of jet aircraft, but also the political and
economic rationales for overall US arms export
policy. This opposition movement realizes that
su

BWIN May 25, 1978

President Carter will not honor the letter and spirit
of his May 19,1977 arms sales policy, unless he is
held accountable by a broadly-based, grassroots
campaign.
The outlines of such a campaign were sketched
during the course of a recent two-day conference in

Washington, DC called by the Militarism and Disarmament Project of the lnstitute for Policy Studies
and chaired by Michael Klare. (See reviewof
Klare's pamphlet, Supplying Represslon, this
issue, p. 19.) The April22-23 meeting brought
-100
academics and activists to share
together some
information and plan strategy. Mike Klare set the
tone for the discussions in his opening remarks by
welcoming participants to what he hoped would be
Mike Clarkis on the
Cor po r ate Res pon

sfa ff

s i b i I ity

oÍ the lnterÍaith Center on
.

. Steve Cohen helped the conference participants
deal with the central arguments of those who

favor arms sales: arms iales correct regional military imbalances and therefore prevent war; arms
sales buy influence and therefore defend US
interests; and if we don't sell them, somebody else
will, and therefore we should.
He pointed outtwo glaring flaws in the military
rationale. First, it assumes that the concept of military balance is clear and unambiguous. Second, it
ignores the fact that most political situations

usually involve more than two nations. Furthermore, he said the hypothesis that peace is more
likely with the introduction of more weapons is
"counter-intuitive." To demonstrate his point, he
mentioned three examples in US experience in
which more weapons simply assured better-armed
hosti I ities : the I ndia-Pakistan War, Turkish-Creek
f ighting on Cyprus, and the Middle East.
ln countering the political rationale, he said one
needs only to look at recent history. The US has
seen th¡s policy fail again and again
- in Ethiopia,
Creece, Argentinaand Brazil, forexample. The
USSR has haU its share aswell-in Egypt, Sudan,
Somalia and Chana. Neither superpower has been
very sucìessful in achieving long-term payoffs
from arms sales. Cohen suggestedthatthis is so
because no nation will ignore its currently-perceived self-interest in the name of loyalty to an

earlierarms supplier. Furthermore, one's political
inf luence is only as long-lived as the particular
regime with which one is dealing.
Finally, in countering the common sense,
economic rationale, Cohen put forth a moral argument. Conceding that the economic impact of the
armsitrade is real, substantial and undeniable, and
that a cutback in arms exports in isolation would
have an impact upon domestic employment,
nevertheless he argued that it is wrong to sell conventional arms for the same reason that it is wrong
to sell heroin. Something isn't made right, he said,
by the fact that other people are doing it. A cost/
benefit analysis cannot be made in a moral vacuum. He concluded by saying that Western European supplier nations like Britain, France and
West Cermany are cautious about US calls for
mutual restraint, fearing that they are a cover for
obtaining a still larger shareof the arms market.
Forthis reason, Cohen said, the US mustcut back
first and signif icantly, if we are really interested in
the other suppl iers following suit.
The conference was strengthened by the presence and participation of representatives from
West Cermany and Creat Britain who reported on
very símilar experiences in their respective countries vis.a-vis the arms trade. Sandy Merritt of the
British Campaign Against Arms Trade reported on
their recent victory in stopping an arms package
destined for El Salvador, their first clear-cut
triumph in several years of campaigning. Also from
Britain, Phil Asquith of the Lucas Aerospace Shop
Stewards Combine Committee presented the
vision of a realistic, humane alternativetocontinued industrial dependence upon weapons
production.
With this input as background, the conference
then began to consider the various components
that a successfgl campaign would need to incorporate:
a) Legislative: J acqui Chagnon outlined a legislative strategy which builds upon recent successful
efforts to cut aid to repressive regimes. One piece
of this approach was announced in Washington on
,

May25, 1978W|N9

April 21, Leaders of 39 national org4;ri,7ations,,in- , j' lVere3n'gvgrriding cQrporate interest in doing so.
clldingchurches, h";;;;Ëtüt;gioúplu"ã ruuo. ; Flethen invitedchurch groupstosuggesthow
human rights criteria might be incorporated into
,"ìó"r] pát¡t¡on"¿ uu"ry re*rbeiof iongress to
such çor.po¡gte deci-s ign -making. Finally, on May 9
ã*"i¡¡rä "respon sibility for. supervising ãnd re'
itf uawtl1o1ng, California, Rev. l im Lawson, long.ãui¡ne theträff ic in arms." Th! groupi inclu.ding
timecivilrightsandnonviolentactivistandoneof
if,"Úñ¡t"¿MethodistChurchanãtntärnationäl
Longshoreman, s Un ion, urged a greater disclosure the leaders of the 1968 Memph is san itation
. wo-rkersr strike, brought the same demands to the
of inîormation to Congióss ãnd thã public on arm s
floor of the Northrop annual meeting. The churchsales and recommendäd that Congiess have a veto
of the votes
g
;;";Ji f"ñr ót rlriturv transfers"includin tech. spon sored r,esolution received 4.3 7oabstainedon
of
the
shareholders
9.3%
cast,
and
andco-producni.ál iá.ui."r,.orr"réialsales,
the vote, a rather remarkable percentageto go.
tion licensing. Mor" ipecif ically, they urged that
against manageírrent considering the issue and the
Congress:

tho tltttt¡ry.Inüustrlsl Attas oI tho Unlteü St¡tos
The lDoadly Ammünltlon Tr¿de
ttntlc tÄP t0.l
AMMUNITION PRODUCTTON, STORAGE, and SHtpptNC

(lisetaceilingof$BbillionthisyearonallUS audience.
m¡iitaryexports]andsteadilyreducethêceilingin c).DirectAcflon: lanl-iódandChuckEppinette,
each succeäding year;

--iil

pióf.¡¡iith"e'saleof US arms for "internal
r"èrritv;; puióot"s Uy countries deemed to be in
of human rights;
iãirui'u¡olution
-(¡)iequ¡rethatallmajorrìliturysalesof

$100
m¡ìl¡on o1. *o." be approved by an aff irmative vote
of both houses of Conlress, raiher than merely' be
subject to Corigressio"naf uéto, àr pioVia"a Uy

Carolina respectively, reviewed local actions that
have been carried out again st m ilitary installations'
and arms manufacturers. Lind emphasized the importanceof strong localorganizations, notsimply
to "carry out" strategies developed on a.national
level, but rather to do the research, develop the
analysis and organize the base from which strate-

o

Umatilla AD

\

there *::t"*Îlili:n:ï"liiåi,ilT#iïinit"Ì,,".
expose and
for presence those meetings
a

at

to

conf ront such amoral commercialism.
The IPS conference was a good mixture of analysis and strategy, informed by scholars and activists

rom around the country and around the world. The
several components of a serious campaign were

f

clearly delineated.
lf such a movement is to achieve its goals, it will
eventually need to insure that no Congressional
debate will take place on these matters without the
input of a well-organ ized, grassroots network; that
no annual meeting of an arms-exporting company
will occur without a wide-ranging debate on the
nature and extent of the company's involvement;
that no arms manufacturer will be at peace with its
neighbors, whether at its corporate headquarters,
its lócal facilities, or the docks from which it ships
its lethal cargo; that no one in this country will be
able ever agãin to take for granted America's right
to arm the world.
Drawing frorr LNS

10WlN May25,1978

That movement has alreadY begun

JL

Seneca

r'-.-.-.-.
),

a

Twin Cities AAp
^
Feder¡l

Scranton

-..J._._._,._
Sierra AD

I

I

^

ÀD.

lowa AAP

&

a

Concord

Port

AAP

o
Tooele AD

^
A
Lake City

PuebloAD o

AAP
Norris

existing statutés.

reported on a project just underway in North Carob) Cõrporate: I underlined the importance of unlina to block major arms sh iþments f rom the port of
a"iítãn.jine and addressing the u S torporation s
NC, destined for lran, Saudi Arabia
Wilm.ington,
s
foreign
arm
of
that are -uÍing $1 ,50o,000"worth
Such a campaign would be signif ielsewhere.
and
'
shareholders
fr,"
annual
¡ro,ir.
iáiãr
"u"ry
mãetings óf Ceneral Electric, Northrop and
}"*tiòñ, for exam ple, were the s,."n"rl in 1977 and " 'those trying to sh iþ the arms, but also for the edupossible in a comm un ity
1978 of áebate about ihe com pan ies' roles in forçatign that wou ld be
finding itself at the nexus of such transfers,. -.
eign military sales. nltfrãÍ"it-n meeting in
d) consciousness-raising: Finally, Mike Klare
prîuiJuni" on April 26,the local AFSC nei-d a
shared
the information thattwo major arms exhibidemonstration and ra¡y àttacking Textron's sales
are
scheduled forthe US in the nearf uture:
tions
debated
overseas while church shareholdérs
bythe Association of the US Al*v
;;;&;à"¡¡r;; tnËiioo-iìr'e annual meeting. onerponsored
DC,the
16-18,l97Binwashington,
foroctober
onir,ãrãrudayin Inãiunápolir, CàneralElectriã's
plannedfor
other,
"DefenseTechnology'79,"
representa.f,uir.un Reg¡íald lon"stól¿church
iiuãi tfrái Cfîad, ¡n fact, turned down c'ertain con- O'Hare Airport in Chicago February 18-21 ,1979 '
i,u.t'fo.fo.eign miritary sares in1e77, if

STTES

'- -'-'l
o
Navajo AD

a

Pine

Ft. Wingate

McAlester NAD

AD

ArmyAmmunit¡onPlant

AD

=

ArmyDepot

NAD

=

Naval Ammunition Depot

Longhorn AAP
Thiokol

Po¡nt

Army Port

a

iston AD

AD

¡

=

MilanAAP

Arsenal

A
Lone Star AAP
Dey & Zimmermrnn

AAP

¡

Bluff

King's Bay
Army Port

A

Louis iana AAP

r

Conlraclors' names in bold

ippi
Ch¡¡irb.
underconslr.

¡

Production

a=

Storage

t=

Port

-

,,

t-.

t^!€ t^P coPvPtatl¡
taítlt co., PlilL^oEL¡rlt^

Copyrighr (Ð 1928 by NARMTC

T,

h" United States is selling lethal military am^l, munition to at least 27 countries around the
world. Crenades, mines, explosives, and antipersonnel cluster bombs are being produced at
government-owned facilities run by private
companies for private prof it. They are being sold,
not only to our traditional allies, but also to repressive dictatorships such as Nicaragua, Ethiopia,
South Korea, and the Philippines. They are being
used to arm both sides in the volatile Middle East.
This map shows for the f irst time, the places
where munitions are assembled, stored, and
shipped abroad. The assemb/yof munitions (from
components produced by private industry), and the
f illing of them with explosive charges (in some
cases under conditions which "expose many
people to the hazards of handling explosives" according to a1973 Army report), are done at Army
Ammunition Plants and NavalAmmunition Depots
valued at more than $10 billion. Most of these
plants are owned by the government but operated
by private compan ies'wh ich last year were awarded
nearly $500 million in government contracts for this

work. Thestorageof munitions is in 8O-foot-long
"igloos" at 12 Army Ammunition Depots which
are part of the Army depot system costing the taxpayer-$1 billion a year to maintain. Shþping is
done trom the one West Coast and three East Coast

ports shown on the map.
This map and the accompanying list of sites, annual cost, munitions produced, and countries to
which they are sold, were compiled from public
government ahd industry sources by NARMIC
(National Action/Research on the Military tndustrial Com plex), a project of the American Friends
Service Committee. For pore information on indi'vidual sites, write NARMIC. Our special thanks
to
Elaine Cruder for assistance in preparing this publication- This map is fourth in NARMIC's series,
T h e M i I i ta r y - I n d u str i a I Atl as of the Un ited Sta tes.
Previous maps appeared in WlN, 12/1/77 ,2/2/78,
and 4/2O/78. For more copies of any map in the
series write NARMIC, 1501 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19102. Single copies, 10/,each; ten or
more, 6/each; $4 per hundred; plus2Do/o postage

.,

on allorders.
May25, 1978WlN

11

¡

1977 Orders

1977 Orders

Site & ComPanY

Location & Railroad

Anniston AD

Anniston, AL-SR

Blue Giass AD

Lexington,

Concord Naval
Weapons Station

Concord.
SN. SP

Crane NAD

Crane,

Earle Naval
Weapons Station

Colt's Neck,

Ft. Wingate AD

Gallup, NM-AT&SF

Hawthotne NAD

Hawthorne, NV-SP

Holston AAP

Kingsport,

EastmanKodak
Indiana AAP
ICI United States

Iowa AAP
Mason & Hanger
Kansas AAP
Day & Zimmermann

Kins's Bay MilitarY
Oceãn

Terminal

CA-AT&SF'

PuebloAD

Pueblo, CO-AT&SF,
MoPac

Ammunition storage
Ammunition Port for

Radford AAP
Hercules, Inc.

Radford,

TN-

Ammunition Portfor
Africa, EuroPe, and
Middle East
Ammunition storage
Assemble bombs

CC&O, SR
$36.080

Chile, Iran, Israel,
Korea

Manufacture exPlosives

Argentina, EthioPia,

Load propellant chatges

Iran, Israel, Jordan,
Korea, Netherlands,
Philionines. Saudi
Arabìå, Spain, Thailand,
Venezuela

CB&Q

King's Bay,

$3

1.764

Red River

AD

Canada. Greece, Iran,

Texarkana, TXMPL, SL-SW

CA-

RiverbankAAP
Norrls Industries

Riverbank,
AT&SF

Savanna AD

Savanna,

II-CB&Q

Scranton AAP

Scr4¡¡ton,

PA-

ChamberlainMfg.

GaAustrâlia, Austria,

MO-

AD

Sunny Point
Ocean

93.327

Military

Assemble artillery and

projectiles

Ammunition storage
s43.976

Coniail

Iran, Israel, Jordan,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Tunisia

Beleium, Israel, Korea,
Nicãrasua, PhiliPPines,
Saudi Àrabia, Thailand

.A,mmunition storage

Southport, NC

Ammunition port for
Europe, Africa, Middle

Ammunition storage

East
Tooele AD

fuzes

Twin Cities AAP
Federal Cartridge

TX-L&A

Marshall,

Louisiana AAP
Thiokol CorP.

Shreveport,

LA-

s97.470

Argentina, Canada, Chile'
Iran, Israel, Korea'
Philippines, SPain'
Tunisia. Venezuela

$17'852

$23.931

Argentina, Austria'

Beleium, Brazil, Korea.
Moiocco. Saudi Arabia'
Thailand, Tunisia

Arsentina, Australia,

Grõece, Iran, Israel,
.Iordan. Korea, New
Zealand, PhiliPPines, Saudi
Arabia, Spain, Taiwan'
Turkey

Mississippi AAP

Picayune, MS

L&N

Masoå õhamberlaln

AZ-

NavajoAD

Flagstaff,

Pine BluffArsenal

PineBluff, AR

AT&SF

Assemble projectiles
and small arms

$2.558

ammunition

UmatillaAD

Hermiston, OR-UP

Ammunition storage

Assemble detonators
and other ammunition
components

':1 ¡

Assemble rocket
motQrs, flares, and

pyrotechnics

n

Assemble projectiles,
warheads, mlnes' ano
fuzes

Assemblebombs

McAlester, OKMKT, CRI&P

Milan,TN-IC,

MN-

t

SL.SW

MilanAAP
MartinMarletta

NewBrighton,
MT

Storage, chemical

munitions

ammunition

WM

Lonshorn AAP
Tñ¡okol Corp.

Tooele, UT. NW,
PIE, UP, WP

Ammunition storage

PA-

Texarkana, TXMPL, SL-SW

Assemble artillery and

projectiles

Romulus, NYConrail
Herlong, CA-CF, SP

Terminal

Assemble cluster bombs,
artillery ammunition and

Assemble small arms

Manufacture explosivès
and chelnical material

Ammu4ition storage

Corp.

Sierra AD

Commercial shiPPing of
munitions and exPlosives

Bluã Star ShipPing

t&À,

Australia, Belgium,

ammunition

Parsohs, KSMKT, SL.SF

IC,

$114.218

Jordan, Morocco, Nether.
lands, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Spain, Taiwan,
Turkey

Seneca

Assemble grenades,
warheads, and other

$10.1 10

Burlington,IA-

for artillerY ammunltton

Description

SalesTo

Ammunition storage

Assemble bombs

s72.223

Charleston, INB&O, Conrail

VA-N&W

[Millions]

Asia and the Pacific

PNYC

Chambersburg,

McAlesterNAD

Ammunition storage

NJ-

LetterkennY AD
Lone Star AAP
Day &Zimmermann

l,ocation & Railroad

IN-CMStP&P

Independence,
MPL

\

Site & Company

SalesTo

KY-L&N

Lake City AAP

Remington Arms

lMlllionsl

DescriPtion

$30.871

Ecuador, Iran, Israel,
Italv, Norway. Saudi
Ärabia. Tunisia

Assemble cluster bomb
dispensers,fuzes and
other muntttons
components
Assemble antiPersonnel
artillery shells (Plant
under construction)

Ammunition storage
Assemble white

phosphorus shells

Drawing fronr Stars & Gripes/LNS

May25,1978WlN 13
12

WtN MaY 25, 1978

A Booming Year For
the Pentagon's Top Ten
by Gordon Adams
he last defense budget prepared
f.l' Adm

\

by the Ford
inistration, which was the first administered by Jimmy Carter and Harold Brown, gave an
immense boost to America's military contractors,
according to data recently releasecl by the pentagon, The Department of Defense awarded
.just over
$50 billion in procurement and research and development contracts in f iscal year 1977 , a huge jump
from the $42 billion awarded in Fy1976. The same familiar contracting companies
dominated this burgeoning military market (see
Table of Top 10). Most of these f irms increased the
val ue of m i I itary contracts received in j977 over
their total for 1976.1n fact, to get on the Top 100 list
in 1977, a f irm had to receive over $60 million in
DOD contracts, compared to the $42 million

needed in 1976.
The top

'10

contractors are virtually the same

companies as in previous years; even the top 25
showed little change. All but one of these 1O f irms
increased the value of DOD contract dollars they
received, f urther reveal i n g the growth of the m i I itary market. Moreover, the leading 10 f irms continued to receive over 3O%o of the DOD's contract
dollars, as they have over the past six years, indicati n g conti n ued concentration'i n the m i I itary

def e n se b u d gets ( FY 197 B an d 197 9) willon y boost
the industryfurther. Several major programs are
getting into full production this year and next: the
A-10 attack plane (Fairchild/Air Force), the F-16
fi ghter (Ceneral Dynam ics-Un ited Technologies/
Air Force and foreign co-production), the F-15
f i ghter (McDonnel I Douglas-Un ited technologies/
Air Force a.nd foreign sales), the F-1g fighter
(McDon nel I Doug las-Northrop-Ceneral Electric/
Navy), the cruise missile (Boeing and Ceneral Dyn am i cs.i n com petition / Air F orce and Navy), the
new strategic M-X missile in research and devel_
opment (Martin Marietta/Air Force), major
hel icopter programs (U n ited Technologies/Air
Force and Navy), and a new M-1 tank, costing over
I

million each (Chrysler/Army).
The political pressure is clearly on to keep the
defense budget high, as the recent votes on the
Transfer Amendment in the Senate and House
show (14 in favor in the Senate;g7 infavor in the
House). The continuing rise in defense spending
deprives other programs in the federal budget ol
lu¡{ing, increases contractor dependency õn the
DOD dole, and makes conversion planning for the
work force and communities both more difJicult
and more urgent.
$1. 5

Company Reviewof Top

l0

market.

. Despite the claims many of these 1O companies
have made about diversifying their business away
f rom defense contracting, all but two of the top 10
increased their dependency on the DOD contract
dollar. Moreover, since the subcontracting these
f irms do is not reported in the DOD data, their dependency on the Pentagon may be greater than reþorted.
The Carter Administration's f irst and second
Cordon Adams is director of military research at
the Council on Economic Priorities.
.l4WlN

M cDon n e I I - Dou g I as : Repeats as #1 . Maior 1977
programs: F-15 (Air Force); A-4and F-4 (Air Force,
Navy and export); F-18 (with Northrop, forthe
Navy); Harpoon missile (Navy); yC-15 (cargo
plane forthe Air Force). 1978 expectations: Will
stay high on the list. F-15 program to grow, with
export orders; F-18 productíon order due to be in-

creased by Congress; DC-10 has been selected as
next Air Force Advanced Tanker/Cargo Aircraft;
A-4 foreign orders pending. YC-15 has been cancel led by the Air Force.
Lockheed : Repeats as #2,despite reported de-

cline. Major 1977 programs: Trident missiles
(Navy strategic missile); C-'141 stretched version
(Air Force); S3A anti-submarine plane (Navy).
1 978 expectation s : Tri dent wi I I grow ; C-1 41 stretch
will grow; major spending to rebuild the wings of
the cost-overrun lockheed C5A will bring the f irm
$1 billion or more in coming yearsl C-130exports
likely. S3A production ended in April, 1978.
United Technologies: Roseon the list to #3; although the f irm claims to be diversifying, dependencyon DODalso increased. Major 1977 programs: Pratt & Whitney engines for F-14
(Crumman/Navy); F-15 (McDonnell Douglas/ Air
Force & export); F-16 (Ceneral Dynamics/Air
Force and foreign co-production), E-34 Advanced
Warning and Control Aircraft (Boeing/Air Force
and export); large helicopter contract awards to
Sikorsky Division (Navy and Air Force). 1978 expectations : More en g ine work, especial ly for F-1 5,
F-16, and E-34; more helicopter work.
Boeing: Roseon list and in dependency, despite
major increases in commercial sales. Maior 1977
programs: E-34 AWACS (Air Force and export);
cruise missile (Air Force); B-52 upgrade work (Air
Force). 1978 expectations; All these programs will
grow, including exports of the AWACS. With the
cancellation of the B-1, Boeing's cruise and B-52
work has been accelerated.

CeneralElectric: Major 1977 programs: B-1
i nes ( Rockwel l/Ai r Force); F-18 en gi nes (McDonnell Douglas-Northrop/Navy); S3A engines
(Lockheed/Navy); Trident program contracts;
radar contracts. 1 978 expectations: Contin ued engine work, though B-1 cancellation will cut into exPected contract income.
Rockwell: Rosefrom l0th in 1976and increased
dependency . Maior 1977 programs: large amounts
on the f irst production vear of the B-1 bomber. 1978
en g

expectations; A large drop for the f irm, as a result
of the B-1 Cancellation, though termination negotiations may last two years and end with a golden
handshake for Rockwell. Company has no inajor
prime work outside th is program.
Crumman: J umped in contracts and in dependency. Major 1977 programs: F-l4fighter (Navy);
A-6 attack plane (Navy); E-2C patrol plane (Navy).
1978 expectations: None of these programs have a
long future, though theywillcontinue in1978.
Crumman is a prime candidate for conversion

planning.
Ceneral Dynamlcs; Large increase in DOD
contracts; oneof the booming firms in military
business. Ma¡or 1977 programs: missile programs
(all services); Tomahawk cruise missile (Navy);
overrun-of-the-year, award-win n in g Trident
submarine (Navy); F-16 (Air Force and foreign co-production). l9TBexpectations: Trident subs' costs
will grow; F-16 will speed up and costs will grow;
missile workwill grow; cruise program
accelerated.
Hughes Aircraft: Remains high on the list;
closely-held f irm and reports no public f inancial
data. Major 1977 programs: Missiles (all services);
hel icopters. 1 978 expectations : Roland m issi le
work due to increase (Army).
Northrop Dropped from #3 in 1976 and reduced

dependency. Major 1977 programs: F-5 exports,
channelled through the DOD; sales dropped in
1977 .1978 expectations: F-5 sales overseas will
continueto be pushed; F-lBcollaboration will increase DOD business (McDirnnel I Douglas/Navy).
The Councilon Economic Priorities' annual
newsletteron the DOD's Top lO0contractors will
appear in J une. Copies can be ordered for $1 f rom
the Councilon Economìc Priorities, 84 Fifth Ave.,
New York, NY 10011
.

May25,1978
May25;197BWlN

15

medical claims of clients and their
duty in combat areas in Vietnam.
De Victor assembled over 60 cases
with symptoms of dioxin poisoning: chloracne (rash), nausea,
dizziness, anxiety, personality
changes and congenital birth defects in children. When theVeterans Administration refused to take
action, she took the story to the

change$
TRANSFER AMENDMENT
FAILS IN SENATE AND HOUSE
The Transfer Amendment, a

legislative measure that would
have cut the defense budget by
$4.8 billion and transferred the
funds to social programs, suffered
ignominous defeats on Capitol Hill

recently, yet another reflection of
the rightward drift in the Congress. The Senate bill, introduced
by Senator Ceorge McCovern
(D-SD), was voted down by a77-14
margin on April25. A more modest
reduction of $1.4 billion in milítary
spendíng proposed by Senator
Thomas Eagleton (D-MO), was
killedon a7O-21vote. ln the House
of Representatives, despite a

\

spirited and eloquent debate
dominated by pro-Transfer forces,
the amendment failed on a 313-98
count on May 3. The only bright
spot in the budget battle over
defense expenditures was the
general failure of advocates of increased military spending to add
more money for the Pentagon
above President Carter's proposed

hikes.

-

Newsdesk

JUNE 12 StT-tN FOR

DISARMAMENTAT US

MtsstoN
The Mobilization for Survival is

sponsoring a "S¡t-ln for Survival"
on Monday, J une 12 at the United
States Mission to the United
Nations in New York City. The

:

,,

.

,

funding for human ¡eeds programs, The Sit-ln for Survival Task
Force of the Mobilization has prepared and delivered a detailed
position paper to the US Mission
which includes a list of demands in

this vein. ln the unlikely eventthat
the United States takes substantial
action toward any of the demands,
say J une 12 organizers, then the
action on that date will be oneof
support for such initiatives.
Those wishing to participate in
the J une 12 action will assemble at
'10 am at Bryant
Park (41st St, &
Sixth Ave.) for the march to the'US
Mission. Options will avaifable for
those not engaged in civil disobedience. Civi I disobedience participants, however, are encouraged to
undergo nonviolence training on
either Sunday, May 28 (at the
Catholic Worker, 55 E. 3rd St.
from2-6 pm) oron Sunday, J une
11 (with times and locations to be
announced). For more information
on the J une 12 activities, contact
the Sit-ln for Survival, 339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012
(212) 475-1180.
- Newsdesk

WORTHATRY?
The insurance business is not quite
as dullas it may seem. Take, for
instance, these claims f iled with
the Aetna Lífe and Casualty lnsurance Co.
ln one case, a man who was tormented by mosquitoes in the middle of the night sprang out of bed

and, unable to stand it any longer,
action, which will include civil dis- sprayed the pests into oblivion.
obedience, is designed to focus at- When he arioke the next morning,
tention on US responsibility and
he found that he had sprayed his
complicity in the arms race and to
bedroom and clothing with red
put popular pressure on the United enamel paint rather than with
States to undertake bold unilateral insecticide. He asked Aetna for
initiatives to halt weapons produc- compensation for his error.
tion and substantially slash miliAnd then there is the claim f iled
tary spending while increasing
by the gambler who says he stuffed
16WlNMay25,1978

his winnings in his trousers after a
successful day at the race track,
only to watch his good luck go up in
smoke when he accidentally set his

pants afire while lighting a

cigarette.
And then there was the mortician who filed claims with Aetna
saying he suffered back strain
from lifting one tog many caskets.
Aetna has refused to disclose
whether the claimants got any
money from the cômpany.
- Straight Creek Journal

CAMPAIGN TO IDENTIFYGI
HERBICIDE POISONINC
INITIATED
A national campaign to identify
cases and assist in claims of Vietnam veterans suffering from herbicidal poisoning was añnounced in
New York on Friday, Uai, S.

Citizen Soldier, a Cl rights organization, announced Project
Search and Save, the national outreach campaign in conjunction
with other veterans groups and
envíronmental organ izations.

Morethan two million Gl's
might have been exposed to dioxin, a deadly poison contained in
Agent Orange, the herbicide used
to defoliate the jungles of Vietnam,
explained Michael Uhl of Citizen
Soldier.
Dioxin is known to cause birth
defects in babies and cancer in
laboratory animals. A less toxic
formof 2,4,5-T, a principal component of Agent Orange is widely
used in the United States for crop
and forest management.
The issue of dioxin poisoning in
veterans Uhl continued, was first
brought to light by Maude de Victor, a Cþicago Veterans Administration benef its counselor who
noticed a correlation between

media.
A localtelevision special in Chicago resulted in more than 800
veterans contacting the VA or vet-

erans'counselling groups in an
effort to f ile claims for their r';

ailments.

One veteran, Milton Ross, a 2B
year old black ex-Creen Beret ex-

plained he f irst felt nausea, dizziness and psychological problems
after exposure to Agent Orange in'
Vietnam in 1968. The causes of his
symptoms though were diagnosed
as resulting f rom a head wound
and all later claims for benefits
frorn the VA were disallowed.
ln 1971, after separation f rom.
the service, Ross said, his son
Richa.rd was born with birth defects, missing the last joint in his
f ingers and toes. Until realizing
that both his own symptoms and
his son's birth defects were the
result of Agent Orange, Ross said
the str:ain on his family life was
severe. Nevertheless, the VA has
specif ically disallowed all claims
for "geneti'c damage" saying
dependents are not covered.
Barry Commoner, the noted
biologist and envi ronmental i st
f urther explained the h istory of di-

oxin poisoning. Dioxin, Commoner
explained, is an unintended but inevitable by-product in the manufacture of herbicides. A further
problem of dioxin poisoning,
Commoner continued, is that some
symptoms may not appear for
years after exposure. Dioxin is
absorbed into the body fat. Years
later, after a sickness that results
in weight loss, Commoner explained, the dioxin could be released into the bloodstream and
more serious symptoms could
occur. "lt is like atime bonìb,"
Commoner said, "and not enough
is known about it."
The dioxin peril may not be

limited to Vietnam veterans,

..

claimed J ohn Stauber, an environmental activist. Stauber displayed
a can of common weed killer that
contains 2,4,5-T, a component of
Agent Orange. Five million acres
of land in the United States will be
sprayed with herbicicles this year,
said Stauber.
Project Sear.ch and Save announcecJ the following phone

number: (BC/].)221-7938, in their
effort to reach veterans who might
be suffering from dioxin
poison ing.
The coalition of veterans and
environmental groups is also call.
ing for an immediate EPA ban on
the use of all herbicides including

2,4,5-T and silvex, which contain
dioxin and a crash research program to f urther determine the
effects of dioxin contamination on

humans'

-Daniel

Rosen

CALIFORNIAWOMEN'S
PRISON BESET BY
CORRUPT¡ON AND

MALTREATMENT
California lnstitute for Women
(ClW) at Frontera is readytocome
apart at the seams.
.

Disgruntled staff members and

700 unhappy'inmates, including

SLA member Emily Harris, detest
the smoggy, f ly-blown prison
located in a dairy-farming area on
reclaimed riverbottom land 30
miles eastof Los Angeles. Nearby
are state prisons for men, youths
and addicts, thus the region is
known as Corrections Valley.
CIW's medical facility and
vocational school are particularly
substandard; in general, women
inmates do not en joy the same
rights, privileges, services and
programs that men inmates do,
butthat's not saying much.
According to horror stories
relayed by prisoners in public
hearings and correspondence,
CIW has maggots in the kitchen,
perverted male guards, sadistic

counsellors, price-gouging in the
canteen and snoops in the

mailroom.
Staff psychologist J errold Cohen
says the administrators harass and
frustrate his efforts to provide the
only therapy avai lable to inmates.
Cohen accuses administrators of
commandeering his off ice furni-

ture and confiscating the restroom
kev so that he had to use the
inmate toilet. According to Cohen,
psychiatrist (and now chief
medicaloff icer) Dr. J ames Vines
resorts to riclicule and medication
in I ieu of treatment. Vines once
told reporters and legislators assembled at a prison hear-

ing: "Women have more

emotional problems than men. "
Vines replaced Dr. Clayton Halverson, a decrepit, shutf ling
pathetic f igure who resigned his
p,ost aftertestifying in the hearing.
A lackluster performance by

warden Kathleen Anderson, a
former guard, shed very little light
on prison conditions. Anderson
hicles in heroffice behind special
bulletproof glass. Subordinates
say she is unaware of rule violations by her own staff , or that she
doesn't care.
Ex-offenders serving as
legislative interns to
Assemblyman Richard Alatorre
have interviewed inmates in an
unused dining hallon the "main
campus." (Such euphemisms are
very popular in the state prison
system). Alatorre and aides have
also met "off-campus" with dissident staff, in a nearbytacky golfcourse bar. lnmates and staff
agree that CIW is an abomination:

underf unded, inadequately
staffed and i ncompetently
managed. Specif ical ly, they
charge mismanagement of the
inmate welfare f und, arbitrary
local rules not in the State manual,
unqual if ied staff , unaccredited

hospital, experimental and forced
drugging, unsan itary conditions,
f ire risks, out of date and demeaning educationalofferings, and reigious discrim i nation, particularly
against Black Muslims.
I

-John Maybury
EVENTS
APTOS, CA Women's Catheri ng
on Nonviolence and Feminism

-

with speakers, workshops, entertainment, and mpreon )uly7-9 at ,
Monte Toyon Camp. Costs are
527.5Ofor lodging, meals, and
registration. For more
i nformation, contact; Women's
Cathering, c/o WRL-West, 1360
Howard Street, San Francisco, CA
94102 (415) 863-8641

.

May2s, 1978WlN 17

.t
t,

BOSTON, MA- Rev. Douglas
Wilson and Rev. Philip Zwerling
will speakon "An End to Reli-

gion?" on Sunday, May28,'l1am
at Morse Auditori um, 602 Commonwealth Ave. Sponsored bythe
Community Church of Boston.
BOSTON,

MA-Boston to

Seabrook Safe Energy Walk will
leave Boston on J une 17 andarrive
on J une23. For more information,

contact Boston Clamshell, 2161
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge,
MA 02140 (617) 661 -6204.

BURLINGTON, KS Demonstration against the Wolf Creek Nuclear Planton Sunday, )une25,12
noon at J ohn Redmond Reservoir
with speeches, music, and picnic.
For more ínformation, contactthe
Sunf lower Alliance, 4311 Holmes,
Kansas City, MO 64110 (816)
753-5370.
GROTON, CT Support demon:
stration by the Trident Submarine
Conversion Campaign on Monday,
May 22. For more information,
contact; Joanne Sheehan, CNVA,'

RFDï, Box430, Voluntown, CT

06384 (203) 376-9970.

\

ITHACA, NY - Anarcho-feminist
gathering on J une 9-1 1 at the
Cayuga Center, Route 89, in lthaca
with workshops, music, dance,
etc. For more information on registration, write TIAM AT , c/o
Coleman, 304 Dey St., lthaca, NY
t48s0.
NEW J ERSEY- Nonviolence
training sessions for Seabrook
occupiers will be held May21-J une
'10 in Monmouth,
Mercer, Essex,
Union, and Bergen counties, For
more information on exacttimes
d locat ion s, cal I the S EA Al l¡ance at (201) 538-6676or (2O1)
539-9016.
an

NEW YORK CITY- Nonviolence
Training for Seabrook Occupation
in the New York City area will take
place in May at times and places to
be disclosed. For more information
on the sessions, contact: Crace
Hedemann, WRL, 339 Lafayette
St., NewYork, NY 10012(212)
228-0450.

NEW YORK CITY-'lAn Evening
of Native American Spirituality,"
a benef it for the Mobilization for

Survival, on Wednesday, May24,
Bpm at Cathedral of St. John,
113th St. and Amsterdam. $3 Admission. For more information,
call Clergy and Laity Concerned at
(212)964-6730.

NEW YORK CITY Rel igious
Convocation for Survivalwill be
heldon Thursday, May25 and Friday, May26with workshops, worship and witness. For more information, contact the Mobi I ization
for Survival at (212) 47 5-1180.

NEW YORK CITY-Tongbai
Tongpao, former political prisoner
and ch ief defense lawyer for the
Bangkok 18, will speak on human

rights in Thailand on Friday, May
26,7:30pm at Washington Square
Church, 135 W. 4th St. For more
information, contact the Union of
Democratic Thals (212) 533-1463.

Force at (212) 673-1808

Paz, Pete Seeger, Marian Stamps,
Dan Ellsberg, Sweet Honey. Local
marchers assemble at 1Oam at 14th
St and Broadway and 86th St. and
Broadway; main march assembles
at 41st Street and 6th Ave. at 12
noon. For more information, contact the Mobilization for Survival,
339 Lafayette St., (212) 47 5-1180.

NEW YORK CITY The Fellowship of Reconciliation national
conference on May 25-30 at Manhattan College in the Bronx. For

registration and other information,
contact: Richard Deats, FOR, Box
271, Nyack, NY10960.
NEW YORK CITY- lnternational
Women's Cathering sponsored by
the Mobilization for SurvivalFeminist Task Force on Sunday,
May 28,11am-1:30pm at Stuyvesant Park, 15th Street and 2nd

Avenue. Speakers, displays,
I iteratu re; ref resh ments, .i nformal
rabble-rousing. For more information, contact: Feminist Task

as an attack from Ieftist guerrillas
within).
When a rigorous ancl logical pursuit of.this intervontionist policy hacl, bythe early 1970's, leclthe US
into several embarassing and costly situations, such
as those in Chile and Vietnam, Congress and the
public reacted. ln 1974, Congress passed a Foreign
Assistance Act which established for the f irst time the
¡rrinciple that aid should be deinied to governments
which engage in systematic violations of human
rights. This legislation also banned US aiclortraining
to foreign police forces
- and the OPS was disbanded.
Furthermore, during the f irst few months of the Carter Administration the new President took several
strong public stances against human rights violations

NEW YORK CITY "Sit-ln for
Survival" atthe United States
Mission to the United Nations on
Monday, )une12,12 noon. Assemble for march to the US Mission at-1Oam at Bryant Park (41st
St. and Sixth Ave.). A legal
demonstration will be held in conjunction with the civil disobedience. For more information,
contact Sit-ln for Survival, 339
Lafayette St., NewYork, NY 1C012
{212) 47s-118O.

ROWE, MA- Dave Del I inger will
lead a workshop on ''The H istory,
Present, and Future of Nonviolent

Action" on J une 2-4 at Rowe Conference Center. For more information and registration, contàct Rowe
Conference Center, Kings Highway Road, Rowe, MAO1367 (413)
339-4216.
.

SACRAMENTO, CA-Peacemakers Orientation Program in
Nonv io len ce on

NEW YORK CITY- Rally at the
United Nations for Disarmament,
May 27 . Speakers and performers
include: Helen Caldicott, John
Conyers, J immy Durham, Suni

SOviet Union) to providing security Írom internal

'threats (such

Ju

ly 21 -Aug

u

st 4

atthe Catholic Worker House, 243
Bay Drive. Cost: $3 per day. For
more information and to register,
write PeggyWeingard, PO Box
4793, Arcata,CA95521
SAN FRANCISCO, CA -¡Disarmament March and Ral ly to coincide
with the UN Special Session on
Saturday, May 27 . Marchers will
gather at 10am at Union Square
and proceed to a rally at the Civic
Center. Sponsored by the Northern Californ ia Al liance for Survival, 1360 Howard St,, San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 626-1465.
SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA Transformation/restoration/blockade of
the Diablo Canyon nuclear facility
on August 6-9 with energy fair,
legal rally and cívil disobedience.
For more information, contactthe
Abalone Al I iance, 452 Híguera,
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401.

SANTA CRUZ, CA - Nonviolent
Organizers Training Session on
J une 17-30 in Santa Cruz. For
registration and more information,
contact Resource Center for Nonviolence, 515 Broadway, Santa
Cruz, CA 95060,

abroad.

However, despite Congressional legislation and
Presidential statements, basic administration policy
has not changecl and, as this report points out, the
police forces of various nations witl-r established
records of human rights violations continueto receive
SUPPLYINC REPRESSION
US aicl and training. For example, the lnternational
by Michael T. Klare
Narcotics Control (lNC) program, established by
tnstifute for Policy Studies, 1901 Que St. NW,
President Nixon in 1971, continr.res to supply the Thai
Washington DC 2OOO9 /7 5t.
National Police Department with commodities which
are " basically the same as those f urn ished un der the
FfÍective policing is like'prevent¡ve medicine.' The PLrblic Saf ety program," according to a Ceneral Acpolice can deal with threats to internal order in their
counting Off ice report. During 1973-TBthere were
f orn-tativ'e sfates. Should they not be prepared to do
$142 million in INC grants awardedto foreign lawent h i s,' m a jor su r gery' Ii.e., mil itary intervention
forc-ement agencies, many of which were also major
]
would be needed to redress these threats. fhis action reciþients of Public Safety assistance. The US
is painf ul and expensive and disruptive in itself
Department of Defense also continues indirect assistance to foreign police through its training and aid to
Michael Klare has again cast his unerring eye over
programs which are partially military in nature, 6ut
the wealth of documents which the US government
which can easily be convertedto use by police and
puts forth each year to search out those statements
paramilitary forces.
and facts which clarify what, in fact, our national polThe report makes several specif ic recommendaicy in military affairs is. This time, in Supplying Retions for Congressional actions to prevent the conpression, he has documented concisely and coñvinc- tinl¡ance of such aid, while acknowl,edging the diff iingly the ongoing US military aid and sales to the
culties of effective legislative controls as long as basic
national police forces of a number of the most dictaadministration policy apparently remains unchanged.
torial regimes in the world.
ln conclusion, the report cites one important, but often
The above quotation was taken from the 1971Con- overlooked consequence which the continuation of
gressional testimony of Under Secretary of State, U.
th is policy of supporting oppression abroad will have,
Alexis J ohnson, in support of the Off ice of Public
and has already had:
Safety (OPS), which had been established by president Ken nedy to aid countries " in the develôpment of ...there is a grave penalty for inaction: the certainty
modern, 'professional' police forces dedicated to
that the pipeline of repression will increasingly carry
'maintenance of an atmosphere of. law and order
a reverse flow of politicalviolence. For, by bec:oming"l
uniJer humane, civil concepts of control.' " ln fact this involved in the creation and nourishment of authorimeant, according to Mr. Klare, "strengthening of the tarian systerns abroad, we cannot hope to escap e their
counteri nsurgency and social-control capabi I ities of
ravag,es at home. AIready, the governmènts of South
the pol ice at the expense of all other considerations.,, Korea and Chile have sent their minions fo the lJnited
The establishment of OPS in lg12corresponded to Stafes b perveirt our institutionsfincluding even
a general shift in emphasis at that time in US foreign
Congress itse/f ] or to murder our citizens and guests
military sales and aid from providing allies with
las in the case of the assassln ation of OrlandoLetelier
security from externalthreats (such as attack bythe
and Ronnie Moff itt in Washington on September 21,
19761. li we are to protect our own f reedoms and
Steven Lydenberg is a free lance researcher and
Iiberties f rom the inllow of barbarism, we must halt
writer in the Boston area. David McReynolds ison the the export of repression to Íoreign governments.
national staft of the War Resiste rs League.
-Steven Lydenberg
.

18WlN May25, 1978
May25, 1978WlN 19

içt position, toso¡nethin,g very close to it.:She
emerges as one pf a,rare handf ulof,people who,
having been deeply i¡rvolved in the structureof

f

THE GAMEOF DISARMAMENT
by Alva Myrdal
Pantheon Books/hard cover/398pp./$15.
This is a book which shou/d be read "by all people interested in preserving civilization on this earth" (to
quote from a book jacket blurb by Senatoi Stuart i
Symington), but won't be, not becausethe subject
isn't important, but becausethewriting is pedestrian.
Alva Myrdal has written a book which will be required
reading in any serious courseon'disarmament, giving
a brief history of pre-World War ll disarmament efforts, tracing the rise of the postwar arms race, and
documenting the absolutely insane arms spiralof
recent years. lt will not, however, f ind a mass audience, not even within the peace movement. One must
labor through it and in the end one gains the impression of having been given more information than was
needed on some subjects that ar:e of secondary value.
This problem is particularly clear in what I found to
be a somewhat tortured discussion of "outlawing the
useof cruel weapons and methodsof warfare." There
are certainly ways of killing which are more painful
than others, but there is an almost macabre element
to any discussion about how to conduct a war without
inflicting death in crueland random ways, lronically,
the single most humahe death I can thinkof would be
nuclear- if you were lucky enough to be at the exact
center of the blast, where objects are vaporized just
as studies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki make it clear

-

\

that for those not killed almost instantly, n uclear
death is among the most appalling ways of dying one
can imagine. However lthinkthose searching for
" uncruel ways of ki I I in g " need always to consider not
onlythe moral issueof who and how (and why) one
ki I I s someone, but the network of fam i ly and friends
who suf fer terribly f rom the death, whether it came
swiftly or slowly and with great pain. lt is in the nature
of death that while each of us must conf ront it totally
alone, the effect touches many others.
Where Myrdal is on the strongest ground is in examin ing two major aspects of the arn¡s race, that of
the "games element" in the US/Soviet relationship,
and the other the "stupid element" as regards political leadership in f urope. She arrived at her conclusions somewhat rel uctantly.
A rational, decent, concerned Swedish citizen with
a long and distinguished public career, it is obvious
that in her years of work as Sweden's Ministerof Disarmament she was driven step by step to realize that
herown proposals-andthoseof a handful of other
diplomats who pressed for disarmament-were not

trulywelcomed by eitherthe US orthe USSR. lf there
is lacking in her book a close analysis of the political
and economic dynamics of the arms race here and in
the Soviet Union, it is still clear she moved from assuming the great powers had really wanted to disengage, to realizing they had no intention of ending
their arms race. She was driven, if not to a total paci20WlN May 25, 1928

power, concludes quite firmly.that pressure in the
,streets will be a necessary !¡gredient of any arms .
negotiations, PAfadoxically; I rnustcontrast her position with that of some in the peace movement itself
who are so impressed by the.structure of power tha(
they make the error of thinking power is a kind of,dust
that will rub off on them by close association with,
those who have it- and end by being deathly af raid of
any street actions.
As she po¡nts out, the Soviet Union has traditíonally

forth a very.strong disarmament position knowing
US would never accept it and thereby gained an
enormous propaganda advantage, while later
agreeing behind the scenes with the US negotiators
on some position that would permit the two sides to
leave their military elites unthreatened.'(Those on the
Left who don't believe the Soviet-and Chinesemilitary elites help hammer out the foreign policies of
the Communist bloc are, in theirown way, as naiveas
liberals who really belieVeAmerican presidents want
to disarm.) She documênts lostopportunities and lays
special stress on the treachery of the Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty of the early sixties. This was hailed by the
peace movement (and claimed bythe Soviets and US)
as a major step forward. lt was nosuch thing--¡¡
simply made certain that any nation signing the tr.eaty
would not beable to join the nuclear club, while those
al ready i n it were f ree to conti n ue testin g underground- and they have continued doing just that.
The result is that both major powers steadily refined
their nuclear weapons and were able to accelerate the
nuclear arms race by developing more accurateþuidance Systems to carry smaller nuclearwarheads. lt is
for this reason, among others, that she is extremely
suspicious of the SALTtalks. (Among theother reasons, and a damn good one, is the determination of
the US and Soviets to pursue arms talks bilaterally,
even though the entire planet is involved. The SALT
talks inherently assumethe rightof thetwo major
powers to act "on behalf of " the whole race- something the Chinese have quite properly denounced.)
Ms. Myrdal takes deadly aim at the governments
on her own continent, and their truly appal ling lack of
political sense. The Soviets and the US, eager'to make
surethat if war comes, itwill notoccuron theirown
territories, have long since "war-gamed" Europe as
the f irst battleground. The incredible thing is that the
European states have accepted a situation where if
war comes, they will be absolutely devastated, and
they have helped insure this by such actions as the
development, by France and England, of nuclear
weapons. Such weapons givethosetwo nations no
real military bargaining power butthey do insurethat
the Soviets must assign nuclear weapons to key
targets in France and England. lf I write here with a
certain passion, it is over the h istorically deadly combination of incompetence in high office and a public
which assumes their national leadersh ip knows what
set

the

itisdoing.AmericanslearnedfromtheVietnamex- , recognizestheprob/emismultilatera/.Criticalas
periencethatthe"brightest'ahdbesta'proVed,after'AlvaMyrdalisoftheUS,thisbookisnotananti-US
testing, to be antong the'lèastbrightând the worst. tirade, but a very carefully reasoned assault on the
rhe current neutron bomb-controversy cat"ries this arms race and all those nations which have joined it.
poïntforward-'somèofth'eNATOstates,areäctually Nordoessheclosethebookwithoutofferingaseries
requesting the net¡tron bomb; even though ft niakes of suggested steps'which, while too limitedJrom the
n uclear war more likely and their own deitruct¡on pacifisl point of view, do help the reader to see that
more certain.

Finallv-þscausetwanthere'totoi¡chorrtyont'o." ãiiii;kõ;"i;;tolt,ï¡ãir'tai";;;bJ;äilË-encourage'sbi'ious.' tives must bä ach¡eved with specific and lim ited
studentstocheckitoutof thèlibrary:5¡:sisto.bé- it"pr. i"ãrvnrràr,-*er"i'ti,'ã[i¡ttngãouinäiipu.Ll"
commendedforrealizingsomething_notallinthe r. -becausãihisisamistbookforeveryserious
'
American peace movement accept: Sovìet arms are a :studentoitf'" ¿ìiü.ãrãni
ôroUl"rn.
problem,andevenaspacifistsurgeunilater.aldis- -'--_DavidMcReynolds
of the main points in the bookto

armament they must accept

a

political analysis which

PEACECONVERSION
A WIN Special,lssue
Edited by NARMtCand Bruce Birchard
A special 32-page WIN with articles on
community-based
disarmament pro,
jects and conversion projects in Col-

orado, Hawaii, and California plus a
peace conversion organizing guide and
extensive bíbl iography with drawings
by Peg Averill. Now in itsthird big
printing ! Order in bulk today for use ín
your local campaign, study group, or
organization.
To: WIN Magazine
503"Att ani¡c Aven uelSth Fl

Brooklyn, Ny 11212
Yes, please send me_qopies of
Wl N's special issue on peace conversíoh
(60/ each or 30y' each for bu I k orders of

tengrmoreplus 15o/oforpostage).
Enclosed is $_.

Peæ#*

Gomvrr$tom
Iilf
t¡¡d¡ll¡¡uo

Edlledby N,{RMIC& B¡uce Blrch¡rd

1,

Name

Address
Cíty

State/Zip

May 25, 1978WlN 21

PEOPIES

BULLEÏN
BÞÀRD
Free il no exchange ol $$ involued
and only 20 words in iength.
'Otherwise
$2 for every ten words.

INTERNATIONAL SOLDIER'S MOVEMENT is a
history of CI organizing'ln Europe with conclus¡ons
relevant to Cl organizers here. Seàd 501 plus 25C
posrage ro RECON, 702 StanleySt,, Ypsilant¡, Ml
48197.

SERVtCES
The Branclywine Peace Community and Alternative
Fu¡ld is a nonviòlent res¡stance community (both
l¡ve-in ancl extenclecl). We are working for peace,
d¡ sarnìanlent, and a ch an ge of val ues and priorit¡es
away fronr war and ¡ts preparat ¡ûn to air em phasis on
peace, social justice, and peoples needs. Erandywine spnnsors educational programs, act¡on campaign s, ancl publ ic demon strat ¡on s in order to h ighliglrt the moral, political and econom¡c imperativeof

d¡sarmament. Adclitionally, the group is making a
positive statenìent with its alternative fund. This
fund, compri sed of refused war taxes, personal saving s, an d group depos¡ts, makes ¡nt eresl -free loans
to socialchangeandservicegroups(primarilyin
Delaware and Chester Counties, PA). Contact:
Brandywine Peace Community ancl Alternative
Fun cl, 51 Barren Rcl. , Media. PA 19063.

.

LIVINC ALTERNATIVES
lf you are interested ¡n disarmamenr, feminism, war
tax resistance, nonviolence or organ izing a WRL
local chapter and you I ive in the South. then please
contact the War Resisters League Southeast RegionalOffice, 108 Purefoy Ræd, Chapel Hill, NC
27514 (919)967 -7244.
The new Spring/Summer Calendarof Events for the
Resource Center for Nonviolence is now available.
Allthe information, timés, and dates of major actions, events, study groups, workshops, and training sessions in nonviolenceoffered bythe Resource
Cenl er are provicled in th is ful I page, color calendar.
To find out more and get your copy, write or cal I the
Resource Center for Nonviolence: PO Box 2324,
Santa Cruz, CA 95063 (408) 432-1626.
SOME OF US DID SURVIVE THE SIXTIËS! There
arethousahdsof us in the Fellowshipof Reconciliat ¡on who cont in ue to wort for a j ust and peaceful
worlcl. Join us! Wr¡teto: Fellowshipof Reconciliat¡on, Box 271-W, Nyack, NY 10960.

\

The spring ternr is beginning at the Free Association, an indepencJent soc¡alist education centei in
New York City wh ich s coop€rat ively run by its
nrerrbers. Workshops, Iect ures, and courses cover
topics such as, " May '68 and a crit ique ol everyday
life," "Forrnp and effecls ol cull ural imperialism."

Apartment Available-ir¡mecliate occupancy in
Sheepshead 8ay, Brooklyn NY, on the waterfront.
Rent FRE E ¡n exch ange for house watch ing and
general repairs-plumbing, carpentry, etc. ìreeded.
Please call Betty Blake at (516) 785-8836.

Male,26, lifetinre WIN subscriber, seeks room in
coopor serni-coop in Canrbridge, MA. Please call
Durrcan

Harp-

(617 ) 547 -0484.

RFt'

A

HELP I
THE CLAMSHELL ALLIANCE desperately needs
funds to help prepare for the conring occupation/
restorat ion J une 24. We neecl thousan cls of doll ars
for phones, bLìses, print irrg and ot her suppl ies. Support the fight agai n st the Seabrook Nu ke, a local
battle witlì international s¡gn¡f ¡cance. Send checks,
nroney orders or cash to: Clamshell Alliance, 62
Congress St., Portsmouth, N H 03801 .

l,;N | 5

RAC E

LINE

Betler Active Today than Radioactive Tomorrow!
The Mobilization for Survival May 27th Disarmarrrent Rally Project Office neecls fundraisers, letter

stuffers, leafleters, button hawkers, collaters, sandwich boarclers, straight thinkers, and all vârieties of
vol unteers for tasks I arge and smal L Contâct Susan
Blake or Anne Boggan at 339 Lafayette Sl ., New

York, NY 10012. Phone: (212) 475-118O
at ive Research Croup cut off from the world
needs read¿ble input and lriends âbroad. Miguel
Crinberg, C C. Cenlral 1931, Buenos Aires,,lrgen-

Altern

tina(1000).
WANT TO MAK E NOISF ? Come to the Mobilizaio¡ for Survival relig ious convocát ion May 2Vially
wilh your f urr ky in st runìent . You m ust be free May
26 6pnr-10pm ancl Saturday May 27, all day. Li¡g ui st ¡cal ly talentecl people especi al ly needed for th is
Breacland Puþpet Street Theatre p¡ece.'Call (2-l2J
t

475-118O.

U

i n g hanr radio net work for peace and work alternal ¡ves ¿¡rd t(ì connect with 200 amateuis. Open
to MFS, MNS, moth€r earth, Contact: R¡ck, 2124
NW Cr¡l urrrbia, E.Wenatchee, WA 98801.

Forrrr

Seeking nrore social ih an ge workers (ant i-n ukes,
ferninisnr, peace, etc.) to l¡ve,/work in Maine. Room
and br¡ard of fered. Share hr¡nresteacl responsibilit¡es. C(,ntact Palrryra Donre, RFD 1, Newport, ME
04953.

STOP RT]IIIMNG IN TITE ARMS RACE

SIT.IN ON JUNE l2th ATTHE UNITED STATES' MISSION TO THE UN!

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Two comm un ity organ izers to develop grassroots
inclepenclent citizen act¡on groups among lowincr¡rre and racial,/ethn¡c minorities in Cedar
Rapicls, lowa. Two years experience preferred, or
other experience negot ¡able. Salary negot iable depen ding on experience. Send resume to: Coal ¡t¡on
for Social Action, 1026 3rd Ave., SE, Cedar Rapids,
rA 52403 (119) 362-6681.

¡

Frrr in

fr

rrmat lrrn.

c

all

(21 21 242-9 361

or ó91 -0699.

SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARES Biennial FOR Conference will be helcl in New York City May 25-30. For
more infr¡rnration write Richard Deat s, kx 271,
Nyack, NY"10960.

FEED THE ClTlES, NOT THE PENTAGON: Write
Wr¡nren's I nternat ¡on al Leag ue for Peace and Freedonr, 1 2 13 Race Street, Ph iladel ph a, P A l9l0T .

WANT TO EDIT CALC REPORT? CALC REPORì
needs a new editr¡r to work out of Clergy & Laity
Corlcerned's rì at ¡on al off ice in New York City. The
job irrcludes resp<)nsibility for soliciting and writ¡ng
articles, ecliting, proofreading, layout, solne photo:
graphy, coorclirìation of mailing, anclpromotion of
th is publ ¡cat ion, publ ished ten times a year. Appl icarrts shoulcl haveexþerienceand skills in writ¡ng
arrd layout, though some train ing is ant ici pated.
Serìd resumes and/or requests for further informatkrn to CALC REPORT, Clergy& LaityConcerned;
198 Broadway, New York, NY 10038. (2'12) 964-6730.

i

PUBLICATIONS
THE STUDY KIT FOR NONVIOLENT ACTION,
produced by War Res¡sters League/West contains
art ¡cles on the theory and practice of nonviolence,
both personal ly and pol it ical ly as wel I as accounts of

the successes and problems of contempqrary nonviolence. Articles and pamphlets by Camus,
Candhi, Cene Sharp, Barbara Deming, MarkMorr¡ s, Ce()rge Lakêy ancl the Wl N Special I ssue on Seabrook are to be found and much more as well. Send
$2.50 pér stucly kit to: WRL/West, 1160 Howard St.,
San Frarrcisco, CA 94103. Special rates are available
for bulk orders so orcler them for your study group,
t

eaclr

.i

n, or cl assroom

The Continental Walk Book reduãed to $2.50 for
limited timeonly! Checks should be made payableto
"Continental Walk." WRL, 339 Laf ayette St., New
York, NY 10012.

SFABROOK '78: A HANDBOOK FOR THE OCCUPATION/RESTORATION BECINNINC J UNE 24 is
available from the Clamshell Alliance, 62 Congress
Street, Portsmouth, NH 03801. 32 pages including
maps, photographs, and an educational text, all for
on ly $ 1 .25 incl ucli n g handl in g. Sure to be a collectors
¡tenl.
22

Opport un ity for con scious, self-mot ivated respon sibleco-worker with Community Mailing Service, a

small, steadily growing com puterized mailing ser-

vice cooperat¡ve servin g many peace and civi I rights
groups ( including WIN). Ability to work with others,
an orgarrized mind and work habits, and a commit-.
ment to working in a collective are essential. Familiarity with computer ma¡l¡ng technology useful, not
essþntial. Necessary tra¡n¡ng will be provided. Long
term commitment important. Reasonable movement compensation. To start J uly. Community
Mailing Service, 1nc.,3525 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104 Pt¡one: (215) 3p2-6096.

CCCO/An Agency for Military and Draft Counseling
is kroking for a person with skills in public speaking,
wril ing and publishing, fundraising, program coordinat ion, and typing to take pr¡mary responsibil ity
for 4national counter-recruitment effort and possible new program or program s of the organ ization.
Salary $7,000 and benef its; job is f ull-time. Send
writing sanrples; references; resumeof work, movement, peace, and ant i-m i I itary experience; and reasorrs for seeking jobto Atte; Carol McNeill, CCCO,
2016Walnut St., Philaclelphia, PA 19103. (215)
568-7971. We have particular interest in women and
th ird world applicants. Employment begins Sept.
1 st, appl icat ¡on s requested before J uly 1 5th .

A sit'in may not be legal, and civil-disobedience is never lightly undertaken, but
worse than a violation of an orderto move on isthe global blackmail and the potential
genocide that the Atom-trusting governments, particularly our own, threatèn to
inflict on all humanity,

Dorl'T

our

oF
TOUCH - SugscRtBE
DRoP

row iln,

MOVEMENT FOR SOCIALCH/ú(Iêí.

TI

-

SÊNÞ ME A SIX MONT+I TR'AL

n

SE¡lo ME ONE Vter,OrûlN
FoR $'5"".

ãuBscnrPnoN FoR {8.

AoonEss
c
5rert

SeNo

stT-rN FoR
I am

w/Âl reeps youtN ToucHwtTH
EOPLE NTHE NONVIOLENT

NAMÉ

We wantyour help in this nonviolent protest. Return the coupon.

-

339 LAFAYETTE

ST./NEW YORK/ 10012 (2r2) 475-t180

prepared to participate in the Sit-In. Please contact me.

- Ilm not prepar€d to risk arrest, bút want to participate
- Let me know how and where.
- I want to contribute $- . I know it is much needed.
-* Send me information about the Mobilization For Survival,
schedule for the United Nations Special Session.

Disarmament, and the

Name
Address

City

State/Zip

ro:

suRvrvAt/

Phone

-

WlN MAGAZINE
5O3

ATL ANT I C AV€ /F/FTH FLOOR

BROOKL/N NEW YORK uztT

WIN May 25, 1978
May 25, 1978 WIN 23

I

.7

&
J

I,EFOR
SURUIUAI!
¡

I

t

¿

I

,
¿

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1
1

Hiroshima the day after bo

It
MASS RALLY AT THE UN

MAY 27

ï¿.f

Three marches from various Points
in Manhattan will meet at BrYant
Park on May 27 (41st Street and
Sixth Avenue) and will leave at
noon for the United Nations.
Speakers at the rally at Dag Hammarskjold Plaza include Helen

Caldicott, Dan Ellsberg, Marian

Stamps, Rep. John ConYers. Pete
Seeger, Suni Paz, Rev. KirkPatrick

and Sweet Honey and The Rock
will perform. Call (212) 475-1180.

among women's organizations,
and discuss disarmament as a

INTERNATIOÑALWOMEN'S
CATHERING
MAY28

A gathering at Stuyvesant Park,

2nd Ave. at 15th Street, to share
information, develoP cooPeration

\r

,

ßEST IN PEACE
MAN WILL NOT REPEAT THE SIN

oZERO NUCLEAR WEAPONS.

.BAN NUCLEAR POWEB'

47s-118O.

.STOPTHEARMS

{NCE'

.FUND HUMAN NEEDS'

SIT.¡N FOR SURVIVAL
I UNE 12

RELIGIOUS CONVOCATION

MAY25-26
lnternational Religious Delegation
will participate in a Celebration of
Life, workshops, lnterfaith Worship, and processions to the South
Bronx (on May 25) and the UN (on
Mav 26). call (212)964-6730.

(
\

{.t

feminist issue. Call (212) 475-1180.
INTERNATIONAL
MOBILIZATION
FOR SURVIVAL
MAY28-29

A conference of the lnternational
MfS to plan projects, link nuclear
weapons and power, and build
solidarity. To register, call (212)

L
h

A mass nonviolent sit-in to dramatize the urgency of disarmament

I

Mobilization f or Survival

and the need to stop nuclear power
States
Mission to the UN (45th Street and

1213 Race Street

Philadelphia, Pa. 1 9107

will be held at the United

First Ave.). Training in nonvio-

563'1512

I J Enclosecl is $-to helpthe action program.
I Ple,r se pul mp in tr ruch wilh a group ¡n my area.
fl I wor¡ld like trrore infornration.

lence will be on J une 11. Call (212)
475-1180 or 228-0450.

Nanre

Contact:

uN PROJECT OFFICE

Cirv

339 LAFAYETTE STREET

St

NEWYORK, NY,10012
1212147s-1180

(21 5)

ale.'

Tele¡lltone
I
I