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la

AususÌ4'1975/301

PEACE

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DÉMONsÍRÀTIONs IN
{Wh5H\NETON, DC
{DÀltaI TET,hS

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I don't want to lot any morc time pass
without cxprossing my thanks for thc way
you havc bccn cóvcring thc controvcrsy
about nrc.
You havc bccn consistcntly fair-minded'
intclligcnt and principlctl in your discus'
sion of thc issucs involved' I especially ap
prcciatc<l your statcment on p. 3 of thc
hily 24 issuc: "ln the future, we hopc to
gct away from pcrsonalitics and to examine
ln dcpth thc complcx issucs involvcd' . ." I
think you havc donc a superb job of staying away from "pcrsonalities" in spite of
thç insistcncc of ccrtain people on slande¡ing and libclling mc, while I'm helpless to
rcipond. I am decply thankful to you for
this rna¡k of rcsPcct'
Only at one point did I feel rescntment
against your policics I recently received a .
fünd-raising dyer for thc National l,awyers'
Guiltl, the address labcl of which matched
thc onc on my freo strbscription to WIN.
As you may know, the National Lawyers'
Guild has circulatc{ deaththreats against
mc through their prisoners' newsletter'
"Midnight Special" I think it would be of
real asiistance to prisoners if you denied
thcm access to your subscriber list in the
futurc.
Again, lct me thank You for the rare
and honorablc fashibn in which you've

{,it

dcalt with mc on Your

Pages.

-JANE,ALPERT
Muncy,

Pa.

I don't know muôh about the Úork of our
sistcr Rosematy Reu-ther. I know a good
dcal about the valuable work and thought of our brothcr Dan Berrigan. To me, his
comments about Reuther in the Tim¿ interview in IVIN 11l24l75l bordered closely
on charactcr assassination. Dan's,anger over
the attacks he has cndured in recent
months for his loving, challenging stand on
the Middle East is understandable (and I
am in harmony with his views). But to cite
by name three critics, tocall Reuthe¡ "ob'
sessed" fo¡ putting forth what one must
presume is a serious theological conclusion'
iò refer to her by the dimunitive expression
"the l'earned lady," is so Norman Mailer'ish
it drove me right to the typewriter. Then
in the next paragraph to sco¡n "such
judgments" as the products of-in so
mañy words-"second'rate mindE" is a

$5,@

fascism (he foresees no middle ground) was
disheartening. The danger that Portugal will
become a replica of the Soviet Union or of
a postwar Eastern Europe police state is of
cõurse present. But the Portuguese people,
the Armed Forces Movement and-yeseven the Communist Party are embarked on
a bravQ.experiment. There are many powerful people-iircluding the US govemment
and the American press-who would iejoice
to see that movement destroyed. We should
be critica[ yes; but also we should give that
revolutionary process all of our support and '
work at home to prevent what happened in
Chile from occurring t" tolrfnïh.ri

This tion of any kind. I, too,_read the Fallaci intewiew with Cunhal and th-e article on the
,..¡1, p*ìi.ut"rly stark wheñ onelgArmed Forces Movement by John Paton
is
takin¡i
this
thË
intervièwer
merñbòrs that
Davies I fo.und both of them bristling with
down (for whose edificati onl.) fot Títãe.
hostility to both Cr¡nhal and the -revolutiorr
Not only in this a divisive message to
the
prosent to thc cofporate ear, buiit will sug- ary movement in Portugal I think that
in
wrong
dangerouslv
is
Cómmunist
leader
oi"
orã*igi"t¡on
;;;;6 r";; "" "ttitud"
of
the
Soviet,intervention
ifr.-"*t.trt r"fr"larship olwomen into
lpproving
e"jl9dg."akia' but t fo^un9 his.answers
;ül"cy (which, remårked a fernale
to Fallaci's questions refreshingly cleu'
peace
recent
at
a
siudent
divinit!-school
and
hardly tlre kind of
conference, "is the only t""ûv .iàuiiu"
lr¡fed oneblunt;
expects from a Stalinist hack
t"Juv.;'1.
.rtttä
done
in
tl',.
being
work
l1tl:tt
"ï;rp*i rr"t
press uiould
,nori ur rìip""*är¡á".r- ¡1,l]11it what the American
likc-to
make him out to be'
"f
about
remärks
disparaging
ly into making
I am impressed with the
ì-L.ä
others in our private
-y:reov-er'
""*"tä,iäïì.
oiiucti iómar*s progfam of both the Army and the Por'
i áã- Sut the äppearance
t_]¡ryese CP which seem closer to China and
here is detrimental to the ñ;';i;;-co;
state socia!
some
for
.or.
difncult
ltrba ilran -t9-!þ þ¡ueaucratic
;tñi;;;;;i;ircìt
glad that Hertzbers
the
UfSR.
I'm
of
ism
peace
of
words
other
;il;6;;;lltËar his
has faith in "free elections" and repre$entæ
;rkiü anO ."rlng, I hope Dan will shaìe
î¡ìf, iftÑ i."¿.rJa clarification of his views tive-democracy. I only wish that elections
sad cxample

in

of academic inlighting

thisarea'

t,Tl;r:å:f;*i

ä'*'.:::i'i',",:'ü3Ï:¿äi'f;;:ìii;;[

rbrr*

Guilford, Vt.

Greenleafsays wages will be paid by the
federal govemmenL It would be nice t'o
think the wages would come by cutting
down on defense spending but that seems
unlikely, The money would come through
incteased.taxation, yet another squeeze on
working people. Sort of robbing Peter to

\i
.

?
.One aspect of y"our luly 10, l9?5 issue
provides a source of serious disappointment, and surprisingly so. It seems in-

i

ternally inconsistent altogether a contradiction in terms, for a magräne committed
to "peace and freedom through nonviolent
action" to glorify Susan Saxe. Quite apart
from the violent crimes.of which she is accused and of which she may òr may nót be
guilty, her statement is, amông other
things, an exho;rtation to violence. She
writes, after all, that i'armed struggle
against the Amerikan state was (and re

valid and necessary escalation of
the politics of the '60's.'l (Bracketed ¿ddi
tion and emphasis is mine.)

mains)

a

Personally, I am deeply opposed to the
foreþ and domestic policies of this govem'
ment, and to its economic system which
feeds the fat while skinning and exploiting
.the rest of us As one who strives tqward
pacifism, howevet, I likewise reject and
abhor what Ms Saxe stands for. He¡ state
ment is that of'a violence-monger. Ftt
though it may be for glorification in a
:',
Weathe¡man publicatior¡ perþaps' it
miscast in a pacifist periodical.
You¡ õwn preface includes a rejection
of Sa¡re's violence perspective. lVhy then
proceed to focus sympathetic attention on
her, let alone glorify her? Since violence is
not incidental but integral to Saxe's posi'
tion, she and her principles are at loggerheads with WIN's philosophy a¡d raÍson
d'etra l would have loped that if l{IN had
decided to be attentive to the Saxe affair
at all it would have been with disdain
rather than applause. Iæt us not be so
desperate foi heroes that we stoop to
adopt inaulhentic ones. Tliis is one Defense
Fund I shall pass up.

is

-otrr*1,L1ð,,Tü1*o,

There seems also a contradiction in wanting tþe federal govemmerit to pay wages for
housework and not wanting them. to col
lectivize housework or organize day care
centers. Does Greenleafreally believe that
once having received wages.f,or housework,
those paid will not be subjéct to the same
capitalist discipline of the workplace as any
other workers? Does she really believe that
the govemment will pay wages and not try
to control the whole environment? I'm sure
thö ûnisheA product they woulä demand is
something any socialist o¡ feminist would
¿bhor. One can easily æe housework
managed by supervisors using the techniques
of time and motion study, speed up,.and
social control In fact it.could be a prime
opportunity for "big b¡other" to penetrate
our personal lives as never before.
Also I do not accept what seems to be
Greenleafs "pain" theory which states anything from reading a book to making love is
working for the ow4ing class because it
relieves tension and makes us moré able to
tolerate things as they aro I think history
has shown that the most downtrodden; sub
jected and people without hope are not the
most likely to rebel I think it is in the irr
terest of any socialist feminist to work for
more freedom and control ovèr our own
lives even under capitalism. Not to increase
the accepta4ce of things as they are, but to
. demand more and more.
So what is the solution? One woúld be
to separate the socially necessary housework from that which is baæd on "images"
people consume from the likes of Good
Housekeeping etc. Other aspects of houæ.
work can be collectivized (hopefully under
neighborhood or participant control). Day-

'.

care, laundry, cooking are not

f1

l2fr,(no

August 7,1975

/ Vol. Xl, No.28

4. Hiroshima/Nagasaki/30 Years
6. China Diary lV: Shanghai City
Bob Nichols .
12. Community Gardeníng Report

Blackbird
14. Towàid An Alternative Health Care
System I Ctaire Douglas & Jim Scbu
16. To Further Progress of S-llBillBlum

17,The Danger of RU /Ron Bunch
18. Changes

20. Reviews
22. Poem I Manny lgreios
Cover: Based on a drawing by Gary
Palmatier from the Catholic Agitotor.

Mui¡C¡krn. Sus¡n C¡k¡r¡. Chuck F¡¡r
Mrry Mryo. M¡rk Morri¡ .. Su¡¡n ftnd
Frcd Ro¡on

.

Mun¡y Roscnblith

UNIÑD]CTED
Jln

¡.lvllL fqn ¡rucllr
íAhn Oayldon
ltlÞh Ololr

Laoca

:'t

Hawk.
t

only amen-

able to collectivization, but to remunera.
tion. The more these trends continue the

a

: ilañcy

ltm

..llüllrt thoÍrt¡t
Wdror. Alho Yoqntr Ly.rly Wocm!ñl

Lêttêrs CONTINUED ON PAGE 22

"uoLitionoty

"ït"tiitrt*".t

I

pay¡PauL

tradition and there is absolutely no reason
why we should evaluate the revolutionary
pfocesses that other coi¡ntries choose on the
Two bones to pick
basis of their adherence to our methods'
i was distressed by WIN's coverage of
Even more crucial than the absence of
Sf,orfton";r t"ft IWIN, 7/24/?511t Woodtià.t. inutrnu"h'as ali th¡ee reports were representative democracy is the absence of
written from the same (antileft) viewpoint wõmen in the revolutionary leadership'
Given the history of Porhlguese culture'
(and thus hostile to Shoshana's position
ìtrat feminism and the left are indivisible) women must be particularly oppressed. Can
the coverage amounted'to overkill Further' the alLmale hierarchy be sensitive to this
fact? A revolution that does not deal with
as ttre wlÑe¿itors know, the two "open
sexism as it deals with class is not a revoluletters"-by Diana Davies and Kay van
Deurs-were w¡itten cooperatively. At best' tion at all
I am no friend of the Soviet system' but
they beloirged on the letters page' My in
teróst in this issue is not wholly objective' other communist countries seem to have
Shoshana and I are comlades and learned from its mist¿kes and a¡e striving to
oi
"outtJ.
create a decent society' (l{hich is more
But I've also long been active on
friends.
than can be said about the us government)'
i-rtì ivrÑãitotial board ãnd am aware of
üiã ptã*ut"t that are often brought to bear ' Given the history ofPortuguese totalitariarr
itt, tï"-in¡otnã" of the rilht win$ ðhurch
on political contenl I object to b-ut do not
and the institutionalized anti-leftism of the
oppose the publication of articles I do not
dictatorship, the effort to t¡ansform Poralree with, but in this case WIN shguld
óne.
tr"uu" gon. *it¡ Jane Gapen's article alone . tuguese soðiety will not be an easy
o"¿ nät given the impression that the entire Given the level of political consciousness
this
*ãirn"""*"r of one ãpinion when, from
t"n¿ tfr" rate of illiteracy) elections at
foolha¡dy' Americans especíally
*rtaii rt""t¿' the¡e was much positivè sup iãittt
'"know that electionsdo not neces
port.
' secondly, I have strong disagreements ihould
sarily lead to democratiq rule' There a¡e
*ith H;;J;i[ Hertzberg'sietterlwlN' oitrer political processes that at leæt ought
1t?lt'151 on the Uhl-Ensign article on Por' to be tried.
Hertzberg's defense of the Socialist
rï"'i'trii¡r.'ilïili3l ; un lti"le that did
dis
Partv is also surprising' inasmuch as the
ffiäi; tì;"É;tén oii ttt" obvious
industrialized western
iåüi."t it ütã capitalist press (particularly sociãl democrat¡ in collaborated
with
often
have
*ord"obuiout;
tträ
nations
use
i¡*¡,x;.
d
tl" ñf
't-àpit¡i*'n and are not more radical than
of
alternative
kind
the
;;;;;;";;;;;itìout
irtä riu"t¡ wing of-our own Democratic
tv utriatt¿ Ensign it
;Ñ;it;;;;;t"¿
if
irtt'. Stifl Cu-ntrat's insistence that
was eviderlt'that *ftat war teing t"pJtt.d
down the
th:.ylv
porú!¡
not-goall
dóes
Àmerican
limit'ed
the
from
i;-thr'irr"r;;,
path' there will be a return to
perspective, hostile to revolu'

l10,ooo

I agree with much of Jackie Green
leaf s "Wages fo¡ Housework" [WIN,
7131151, there are many questions left unanswered, One very important question is
whether such a signiûcant reform can be'
accomplished under capitalism? The main
colceÍn for a capitalist is profit and expansioú, And while housework is a necessary
social service it is not reádily translated into
dollEs and cents in our plesent society.

Wþile

Bor ll4 1l
f35,o0o

i45,@

1?l7t

lso,oüt

tharut cô
yarra

NY

2wlN

wlt{

t

T

o

o

o

I

li"

FIRST ATOMIC V\IAR PROTESTS
to
¡s the time for the pegnl-e of Ameríca
Noø
-ct
hßtory.
in
bombs
atomíc
t out that the frrst
;ítäl ü îrt" uitt rttat war be waged no more!
d'îitnne l"is is moral and physicøl suícid'e'
-Bent- Andreten' f'ory
statement of August, 194õ
Two World \[ar II resisters, Bill Roberts-and Bent
independôntlv and without know'

!þ

ilü;;;;cilng

i;ËäTit;-;1h'.tb;.iion,maclewhatis-p.r.obablv
.tË"frd
*iinã*ãeirnst atómic warfare' Bill
äã¡ãît-r ür i; thä federal prþn at Lewisburs,

,

ÞL-"Ñiuunia. complàting a three year-sentence
t.ei'.t"t fõr the draft Yþen he.sot
n"e;î;iîüã tã*Ëits of Hiroshima' Thoroushlv
those
;ñ;Ë;: trä ittnà¿iut.lv announced to week
fast
o!9
astarti-lg
was
h¿
atiõcitv. Stu W in,all likeli'
frãåá-*"t the frrst protest ãgainst the Hiroshima
bombing.
- -Säu"tãf
thousand miles away Bent-Andresen
by the event' He had long pon'
moved
was also
or to
ä.t"í*ttãttt.t toäccept alternative service
he
when
Even
õoãscription'
conseience'
uneasy
an
i"JiJterãã h" did sn with
serrriee,
iü;bttt.d for alternative civiliana g¡inea'pig
^
and
camps
cps
;;;*iil;"iãiãt
universitv, and then
ä;¡;"ï Ñiããi-ui Cotnetiopened
camp at Miners
îå:àä"ieTã,i to a newtv
August 6, 1945'
on
was
he
;ü". C;Tt;iniã *ttãt.
uom¡sto destrov two Japan"lãmic
Andresen''s uncertainty and led
o" .iti"t ended
täTääoir;ña.-r¿Ño* I can ds what'I sÌrould
a stats
Ë;;-ãt* t"ng ago." He mipeoEaphed
and
camp
of
ouf
walked
äiJ":tìiliã"ttl;Ëìó't-,
cití,
York
;í'r;
hb
lä
üir.ñ-i;iff
lpnd'
;b"ut two thousand leaflets alon-g the
later arrested and sentenced to two
months
;;téi.tt"¿ after onlv, seven
;ät;:
or
water
fóod
accept
to
refusal
ttis
ôt
tãã",itã
in Prison.
while
"'\ryúi.
to designate
it it ãi*uvs questionable
¿frrst," the-witness of thæe
"ajiãui* ñ;
"õtions"as
6it"t"its so clo.selv'.the initial use
ffiä;äffi
be chal'
;i;;i.,*ïåwãt in *ã1' cq.har-illq
an
inte.rnational
trtôir acts'änïicibated
r""ããã.
^itä?ää*i-i;niãf,
eventüauvinvolvedmillions
ääilüüóntinuòJ" moveinent to e.nd the
;ffiãiï;-tËrtut*n täãã of des*uctío4 throqÉh

i;ñffiiúib

iluiiúi*ïiüt
äî;iåTïhi;i.il

t

ffi;k;ä;;it;tth

VIGILAT HIROSHIMA
Ichiro'Moritaki, the white'haired man to the left
ãltñ" sisn in the photo below, is a retired-p¡o' . '
Úniversitv. $p is al'
ËÑ õi'ãttti.t at'Hiroshimaof the
nuclear blast,
*â-n¡Uonushø asuwivor
loss of the use '
including
iniuries
;"fr;tñt severó
carryung on
ha¡
years
he
b-een
20
For
of one eve.
Jittiiã oíõi.stt, sonietimes including fasting, in
iäö;"nöt"-äni nuclear testing' This photo was
a" Amerlcan und.erground
äË;'ñ;trnuj;;
"tlti
the baclg¡ound is the
In
iöãrä'r*.itpiõií"n'
in Hirõshima c.ontaining
monument
ffi;t"þñ;î
õr[1" atómic bomb dead' Sitting'next
iä:nröüiïti-is ttte Àmetican author, Robert Jav
Lifton, who has written:
but
I take Morítaki's sítting to be a dígnifredour
posed
by
threat
nrofound remínder of the
'i"apoorl
to our lífe øs a humgn group, -a re'
míider who,se sígníficance ønd potent'&l power ''
'ril¡ilt
lrecíseífrom the place he síts, the ex'
oerience he rePresents.

insensítiuity, who are reøctí.ng inapprapríately,

'

and carryíng the nuclear disease.,
Part of 'the disease is a pecullù madness lurhing beneath the logic of intemøtianøl negotíatíons concerning who may møhe, test, and perhaps use how møny nuclear bombs. If we are to
pløce those negotíøtions on a pløne of reøson and
lífe, we had better tahe another look at the humøn dimensíon we are ign:oring;índeed at the
fragílíty of our own existence, as expressed by
hofessor Moritakí s¡ttíng before the Cenotøph.

i'Ë;;ñ;

""' i;' ¡; ;;;¿i,üo *i¿ of

*ut.
"""tãut

Hiro.shimø suns iu ors,

o"i ò71nà-iip,anese in denerø\, that thev suffert
from ø "nuclear allergy''.' T4" terrn correctly 99n'
'iäi'in"'idàà of t"itií¡u¡tv, but implíes.that this
;;i;ä',ht ; lå^átn¡is if'øn ouenesctíon if not
ã dkease. P.ofesf,or Morítakí gently inlorms uq
i;;;;;;,ürli ¡t tt tn rest ofus, {n our nucteør

THE IMPORTANCE OF RESISTING
NUCLEAR ARI\{AMENTS

In the age of the nuclear arms race is there any
option to resisting? Since \{orld \{ar II the
United States has spent $1.5 trillion of our tax
money on warmakirtg or about $3,200 per year
for every ta:rpayer. What say have we had in this
use of our resources which are so badly needed
here and abroad to feed, clothe and house mil¡
lions of human beings we call our sisters and
brothers? The nuclear race is accelerating the mi+
use of these resources. l[e possess enough nuclear
pou¡er to destroy the world several times over yet
\¡ve are adding to our stockpile of death more than
three nuclear warheads every day. Added to this
is the Pentagon's announòed need to build whole
new weaponS systems to carry and deploy these

4 WIN

ilM*

-L'arry

Gara

r,i'arheads, systems such as the

Bl Bomber and

the Trident Subma¡ine. At present the Pentagon.
hþrs on the board or in production 140 weapons
systems costing $150 billion. \ühen do we the
people say: Enough! No more resources for death!
Photô courtesy of Jlm

"A

35 mile Walk for Peace from Santa Monica to
Long Beach, sponsored by \ilomen Strike for
Peace, \[ar Resisters League, American Friends
Ssrvice
tion Union-South
Center Free V

of

A Vigil for Nuclear Disarmament will be held at
the JFK Memorial inDallas on Friday, August
8th and Saturday, August 9th. There will be a
bike ride to earswell AFB on Saturday. Sponsored by Ft. \ilorth-Dallas Peace Community, 1014 S. \[indemere, Dallas, Texas 75208.'"

TËË;f

il;ii
;;":Ïi;;;
ffi

A SAMPLING OF HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI DEMONSTRATIONS

Pecl;

-Ned Murphy,

S.J.

An on-going vigil on the steps of the Capitol
building in \{ashington started July 21st. Replicas of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima
(Little Boy) and Nagasaki l!'at Boy) are on dis
play. Hours: 9:00 to 5:00, Tuesdays thru Saturdays. For information catl (301)669-6265 or
contact Jonah House, 1933 Park Avenue, Balti.ryore, Maryland 2L217.

,,,,i

Outdoor Teach InlRally, Wqdnesday, August 6th,
8:00 pm. Delaware County Courthouse, Front
Streel &-South Avenue, ]Iedia, Pennsylvaniq" '
featuring films, speakeÞ folk qinging. All Night .".
Candlelight Vigil, Saturday, August 9th, 8:00
pm, Chester County Courthouse, High and
Market streets, West Chester, Pennsylvania, featuring a reading of John Hershey's booþ IIíroshìmø. Sponsored by Brandywine Alternative
Fund. For information call (215) 665-0247.

l

A Hiroshima-Nagasaki Day Fast & Vieil will be
held in the town square in Greenfield, IVIassachusetts, sponsored by the Alternative Energy
Coalition (AEC), Box 66, Turners Falls, Ivlassachusetts 01876.
wlN

5

Ghina DiaryIV:
BRTEFTNc sEssIoN

¡t

rio

ut

it pays. Prices have been stable in Clina
for-the_ paqt two decçdes, and have in fact general. I

the price

AGRICI'LTT'RAL qFIGADE Like other hamlets IIo La has a hall where tea is
served during cetemonial briefrngs of visitorb. It is
a digniffed and sunny building with exhibits of

ly declined.
As a rough ffgure, in a well-gff brigade like Ho

Ia, for every three tons of grainit delivers.to the
state it will keep four. But how is the quantity "'

native products and a landscape painting, and the

I:r::ll¡r:

.:i:ii;i'

determined? This quote (a description of a-simílar
production team) is enlightening: "FÏtst its management committee and representatlveq of
poor and lower-middle peasants studied the mat-

four standard photographic portraits of Man<,
Engels, Lenin and Stalin adorning one wall balanced by the single portrait of Mao on the.other.
'the comOn ordinary days the ordinary business of

jrr!'

the

mune is transacted here.

The room has the flavor of á county-levöI, small'
government office. Farming afrairs$he head man
is Lin Tan, 35 years old, slight, witñ a mubtache,

'

sleeveless tee shirt, hard-muscled and trim, facts at
his üngertiprlike an Agricultural Extenslon Agent.
Seated at the table with Liu are the 2&year-old
Ting head of the womens'group, and the nine
other members of the Revolutionary Committee.
They are elected for three year periods; and per-

form farm work like ordinary villagers-with
compensation for hours spent in administrative
duties. The committee is responsible for the 18
work teams and for'the 101? households that
make up the hamlets of Ho La.
The watchword of Chinese agriculture is "politics in command." So with the unreeling of stati+
tics and explanations of how things work, is a. per
pering of socialist slogans: "the high line of collec*
iive economics has raised consciousness in the fos
tering of farming forestry and the breeding of silk'worms":
"the decisive factoiìn revolution is human beings not things." But with Brigade leader
Tan this is at a minimum.
The big thing is glowth rates, In rice, they

started with 45 kilog¡ams per mu at{iberation;
then 10? kilograms during the mutual aid or ce
operative.phase; an increase to 160 during the
Gleat Iæab Forward in '58; frnally to 232 kilograms per mu last year. A doubling of pig produc[ion. Mulberry production increased frve times, etc.
The line of triumphs endíng with the usual di$
claimer: "But compared to other advanced fraternal production brigades Ìve are left behind."
What does all this mean for the farmer? The
production team (of 100 or so members) is the
basic accounting unit. .After production and
rnanagement costs have been deducted from the
team's annual income, a small part (5-7Vo) is paid
to the state as tax. A sum is set aside for reserves
(to Ëuy added farm machinery and for basic con'
struction) and welfare. The rest is distributed
among the members.
Of course the state sets the framework through
over-all planning. Targets are set, with the state
buying and selling agricultural surpluses. In effect
thõ tarmer is subJidized. Recently the state has
been selling g¡ain (to the cities) somewhat below

A barefoot doctor goes out on call, Photo from Chlna Reconstructs

By Bob Nichols
6 WtN

Ît¡r ¡b the frnal insto.llment of the diary Bob
N¡cåots, løndscape ørchitect and nonuiolent aetivist, hept during hís ußit to China in May 1974.

*

ter. Guided by the principle of threeway attention to the interests of the state, the collective
and the individual, they drafted a plan. Then all
team members discussed it and offered oplnions.
Iast year some were for sel[ing more grain to the
state. Every family already has a surplus in its
hins, they
iircróase

suggesled a bigger
ttre team's public accumulation fund

iointed out. Others

ioi

and buying more farm machine-4y. Still others
said that

;

it

was important

to imþrove thecom'

mune members'stãndard of livÍng fast and that a
larger portion of cash and grain should be dis
tributed among them. The management commit'
tee listened carefully to all reasonable opinions
and revised the plan accordingly.!'
Anothen topiõ of sprightly debate among the
work teams must be the assigning of work points.
Remember, China does not procl-aim itself a com(socialist and transitíonal state" in
munist but a
which each is rewarded according to his perfon
mance. After thorough discussion among the team
(which must be tough) the members all assign each
other work-points based on the amount arid lype
of job, quality of labor, and the member's attitude
towards collective production. The ratings are
posted at intervals.-Each section has its c-hoseri

book-keeper

,

Some such procedures as thesæ, plus the realities of recent history-are behind what we seie on
our viqits and the facts gathered at the interviews.
For instance in the eight-family group that we had,
visited at Ta Bie we had been told that,.as Þart of
a team, the average member family had a cash income of 930 yuan. Of this 607o would be savings
and most families had 2000 yuan ($1000) in the
bank Before the revolution$OVo of the peasants
had
-ftái been hired hands One out of foui families
'. st*"¿io death.
1.

'
...
SHANGHAI

,

,

'.'

2?th. EvenÍng. \¡Ve left the countryside
around Wu Shi, for Shanghai.There are no high'
ways in Chin4 iransport is by rail and canal. For
some reason our scheduled train ride had been
cancelled and we found ourselves on an improvised trip by bus, with guides, brandy and songs,
bouncing along a narrow cobbled road. On either
side the "land of rice and frsh" lay in darkness. Invisible ships moved somewhere nearby on the
Yangtze river beyond the marsh grass. But in
countless hamlets a streetlamp was on and we
saw the workteam on the threshing floor among
piles of wheat.
IVIay

'll,IN

7

i
Shanehai: $/e arrived after midnight at a down'

ny,**:txi",llr,Îì:Jå'åii"T""l'üiiðf ül"*iT'
;rãúbitî*e all that soon, now that she has the
gas.

"-

it

e next morning as we rode through the

**

officðworkers doing their setting
strõãts w"
the sidewalk. Our hotel wason a
on
un eiercizes
äu"tïónip"tt . A beforebreakfast'stroll alolg the
'6;;4" would reveal this centercity place full of
citizens. The variety and informality

In 1969-62 there had been "three years of

Tuúine no. 4 was-being built
nutut"i."f"*ities"
üttr" Russians tore up the nlans'" It was-9omËut
;l"i"d ñ i962. others fô[owed, the last in '68
iiãaucing"Uvf 25,000 kilowatts. It waq made exthã Shanghai municipalitv'
õtu"iuetv
'- Ñ;- 6 i*ïeru fancvkeam'turbine gene¡ating
unii *iir,lt""iting cäntrols. A cathedral líght
falls from-the winãowS on tiny operators on
*lããtãõõù á. onitt, ¡tidee of ä sñip' overhead is
an enormous portrait of No. 6 being startecl up'
Chairman Mao.
with
" --Ñ;h
ñffiáial- growth, concentratei within a

in itself, but because it gives some idea of how the
proc€ss of modernization of the steel.plant may i
proceed in China. Modernþation is often insisted
on by the workers (because they see it in terms of
tìe tiicks of the trade and ä challenge). But eyen

How stirring it must'be, in the queer accidents
of history, to be such a penon: a plain factory
stifr, with one's gyes open, exploited in the old
world; a culturebearer in the new! However the
a;pect is

matter. The"universifu

"luss
graduate who "nothèt
was an engineer and privileged pro'
fessional under the old regime must be a some l

ect.

also an outsidethe-plant commiütee who l<¡oked
for leads everywhere. 'olhere was mass collabora-

iüõ;

btùfitg'

t'141"

*c:fX{.{.

I had never s€en a steel mill in the U¡ited States,
but in the afternoon rñ¡e saï¡ one in China. Ch¡rn,

neys belching fur4es aúd sprawling sheds reflected
in thç rain puddlies. l4ricker hats serve here as
!'hard hats." They look the same. Our parüy was
outfitted in special blue smoc}s and eyeglasses to
piotect us against sparks and we were treated to
the spectacle.of a 16 minute oxygen blow in the
No. I converter. An open hearth blast furnacê is
'alwap a ffery sight; but I've read that this procels
has been superceded by the more comþact and ad'vanced electric furnace develo'ped in Germany.
This Chinese mill is probably baclnrard; but as I
understand it US plants haven't made the change
over either because of the heavy investment in

elders are retired physically

tiens"riRevólutionary Committee (the

housing management) also administers a lheater'
rr"irnrn"ing poõI, handherchief and embroidery
iu"ïõii, t"trè deúartment store and a public can'
Ëõ.ãb"ut a tÏousand of thes¿ retir-ed workers
iine in ttt" proiect (which included 1200 houseðsob peòpte).
üói¿î"'d
--Ãitãi:*ppãi
itoät â w¿ft 9n tþ9. shanshai .
*uiãtttãni. irreighten and junks ridi¡g out on the

wut"t. Crowds. -'Foreigner watching" seems part
around
;ilË *.ãné.'À hughinlg cron'd gathere-dI thinþ
one,
ship
Cuban
a
t*öãtont*n sailoiljofr
ói Ít é* a black. Hand'holding couples on dates
are a feature here of the wicked Big City'- even
õupi"s nect<ing in the shadows A gay tried to
pick me up.

***t*
I\dav 29th. Shanghai outskirts. Like going f¡o-p.

3:"Ïtñ riõitóttld Quincv. Like soins out of Chi:
ãiöW*"üouses änd pelvÏactóries' Raining' The
iicä phnters stoop under plastic raincoats or umbrellas.
-Hich tension lines overhead.Outbt$-has
t"*äi'iot. wo ctti" Therm-eelectric Pldnt' Now

$ifui;rg'f'rr,t'mi:;:i:titf,i'lfiH'
steam'with its six turbines and seven
iãñJ.t

of
ñït"tt' ãnd employs 1300 men..At the time b-u!
ütñiãtitn lttã po*,üer plant was in existence
1959'

**-i"üÍtï" sinãt" totËin" run on coaL Bv
ätîtrã-li*'"-.fiñe Great læap Forward, there were
ñ,o; úïñ;.-";d hand. [hoittv thereafter anoth'
äãú.bñ to"s i*t"n.a. This was a Srredish !928
taken

tt"¿ been in Berlin and had been
Russians to Siberia as war booty'
by.the
.

ä"¿ãi tt

¡ wrñ

"

tion between factories in the Kwangsu, Anwei,
Shanghai network. 200,000 workers took part.t'

not ideologicallY."
but
- '-rfrõ

11

and Technical Exchange.

f,ashing through a karate routine,
"ãrlsäihtétes
cräwA wakhing before going into their offices'
ihe
It was all over every mornlng þy nme'

few vears. appears miraculous. Really it is tlo-t
*t Ln õñã to'.1ls at the facts straight. lVe had been

Our ffrst Shanghai visit was to a hoqsing proi'
ttris is in Tie-nsan neighborhood' B-usy intet'
r"õiión, a"partment storeln the street level, apart'
ments above.
-ît oã*"te like many US medium-scale city - .
U"iit in tt '5(i's: six story wqlk-up, multi"toiãìtr
on" the balconies, shady trees'
washing
õolóred
itltiãiãlt ¿inàiãä was in the up'keep. In China it is
done quite simply by thg oldpeople-wholive
itt"t.. ttt"y are o-rgairized und-er the Revolutionary
öò-rnrnittd. As wõwere told bv oqe oJ them dur'

lr

don't þave the tools. But then everyone goes down to the shop and talks it over with
the workmen who explain that it is not so dificult.
I give this example not because it is important

cause they

what contradictory character.
The power pJant is headed'by a 13 member
revolutiona¡y committee. Tlíe last electiöns werc
in 1968. There are two departments: "a dbpart'
ment of ideology composed of old and,yo.¡rng
cádres"; and a department of þroduction com'.
posed of old and young èngineer*$n dev,e_loning
all the parts of the new steam genefator, there was

"*ãt.iring
astoundiñg. A bunch of middle'aged women
o".uté¿ã t"t of steps with wooilen swords, led
¡" iéupins man. Ciiizens in twos and threes
"
*"""t",i
átõne paths between flowerbeds' A
ãåiiiãt"-.ãnãiä iai-chi slowlv and eentlv' Nerw

-1,

factory to spread the experience. TÌre inþnal
water-cooled rotors of the N. 6 Generator were a
result of information-shating through the Spience

machinery.

Shanghai market Photq from China Features/LNS'

told early in our visit that it had been the "Shangi"i *otË"tt" who had spread the indústrial reve
ürïiòr iñtluehout Chinä In 1949 Shanghai had
with
Ûd;; $lesi"i" city of six to eight r4illion class
of
its.
noìoIbt,
and,
uiuãïtu"io"v wòtfrers,

shop foremen and technical men. These "veteran
*ãti"tJ';îái" China's greatest resouÌce' \ilb"n'
ever a new enterprise had to be set up anywhere
irïttã ôórrtiv tñey went there-the Johnnv Apple'
seeds of native industrY.
*-Ã6d;d-factor
is tñe Shanghai Science and
Technical Exchange. Odginally this had been an
ensineers' club with all the restrictions o-f -its
iv&Ëñ;róïótvpés. Nçw most of its 1400 mem'
bets are in¿ustriat workers and it has 22 sp-are
tiin"l"u*i òut in the field. The Exchange Þcks
sãientific experimentation on a mass scale. The
teami sit down with a plant's production pJanners
and engineers to iron out somecritical problemsay, inîumerically'controlled line cutters malring
piääirion dies. Thén it organizes meetiúgs in the

'rr

15,000 workers in this steel mi11,"8,000 of them
women. Spread of wages is 42 yuan to 126,
though some engineers and the revolutionary committee get more. An interesting fact about this
plant is that they cuner¡tly have 85 workers in college. The stint is three years at the mill and two
years college. Some go to the state universitÍes
and the rest to a polytechnical school run by the
steel mills.
\{ell, how do the politics of the thing work here?
China's policy for developing índushy is'"Iake
steel as the key link." In economic planning and allocation of funds priority is given to iron and steel.
Production norms are set and the plant should
meet these,plus make a profft for the state. there
have been abuses in this system. For instance in
the Talien steel mill: though this plant has sþed
a contract with a client factory (that makes pro
peller blades) in another province for flat bars, the
steel plant had insisted in providing them with
round bars "because this was easier and more
,

ptofitable." During the Cultural Bevolution an as
.pmbly had been called and the revisionist line of
"ptoüti in command" rejected. After that the fac,
lory got its flat bars However, now a delegate
from the propeller plant arrives and w¿nts to sign
a contracù foi f,at bqrs with a wedge,shaped see,
tion. The sæel manágment cadre Ë¿tta ¡ä ttrtq, ue,

socialist manãgement may resist it bãdau'sd the!'
see it in terms of capital outl¡ys, profrt scheduleb,
etc.
**:Ëtl.*

.t

May 30th. As our Shanghai guides were informal,
our gloup was permitted to sometimes split up to
follow leads that seemed interesting. Twice some
of us visited Chang Chai tsai neighb-orhood. The
second tinre we had a long, packed and enthusiastìc meeting with the Residents Committee.
They wére four men and 19 lvomen. Six were
rctireùpeople (including one who functioned as
the lané marriage counsellor and smoothed over
fights). Eleven were 'lfamily me¡nbers": rvorkers

and housewives. Five represeútgd various ú'undertakings": factory production groups, the nursery,
þrvice center and clinic. One was a worker from a
nearby large factory. Six of them were party memben. All were'elecled by the residents.

The neighborhobd, functioning under the dis
trict, is the lowest level of city government in China.
The residents'committee of the lantl is not a unit
of government;.it is a self-governing peoples' organization that does the day to day work..As they expressed it: "!Te manage our affairs and hold meetings and consultations. ïÍe are also the bridge between the masses and the Neighbothood Committee.."
In these smaller groups the American interviewers can get across some of their own personal
feelings and experience. This was one of the few
occasions when we spoke to the Chinese, for instance about,New York City. Some of us described
the decay in the slums and the.difficulties in trying
to get commuhity grou¡,s or block associations organrzed. I doubt if many of them could believe the
-U¡trãtwe told.
-stories
':
tt reasons for China's gteater Success
"ie "organizing? Historically, one has to
in community
remember that the cities had been the scene of
violent cataclysm and recovery. In Shanghai in the '
1940's ühe foreign concessions had been guarded be.

t

hind barbed wire; a ci{izen caught inside was subject tospecial-þw.!þe¡r the Rsd Army came intq
a city district like Chi Aq and "aided by the party,l'
canied out üerce struggles" against special agents,
landlords, local thugs, etc. Just as in country villagee, there were ¿lccusation meetings and'peoples'
courts to mete out punishment. Brothels, gambling
houses and opium dens were closed.

A friend of mine in Shanghai in 1952 describes
how the drug problem was handled. "After iwo
years the.reÇ<ie no drugs in Shanghai. The þià
pushers got out or wgre-'arrested. The addicts were
sent to rehabilitation camps in the countrv for six
months, where they were !¡iven all kinds o'f work
and worked hard. ïVhen they returned to Shanghai,
if they were still addicts, théy were sent back again."
It 4ust have been state power plus neighborhood
power in this.
WIN 9

I

Another and very practical reason fo¡ t-he greater
success of neighborhõod organizing in Chinese
cities is that tñe neighborhoods are not utterly
powerless financially. They have an income base
ãnd generate their own revenues from the street
factories.
t
***'*{r'

**{c**

We visited the No. 5

Mav 31st. Shanehai was the city most in ferment
during the Cultùral Revolution. Themayor and
two sécretaries of the Party Central Committee
were ousted for pursuing the reaction¿ry Liu Shao
shi line. City Hall was occupied. Rival factions were
formed; at óne point the municip{ gor¡ernment be
came the "shanghai Comt4une." The Red Guards
locked in ftom'Peking and were fir-st quarantined
and isolated; then made contact with- the factories,
notably the iteel and dock workers. It was in the
citv ofshanehai where fervid student beginnings of
thó Culturalhevolution deepened into becoming a
working man's uprising. There were relJ.clashes be
i**" t"u.tions iri whic'h people were killed. Mao's
famous Big Character postef had first aPPeared in
l'Bombard the Head-quarters" Ta'tzu'
Shanghai:
oaos änd wall posters accused hostile ofEcials. In
^igOZ-¿uting ivhat is called the "January Revolu'
fiàn" and thä transfer of power-the party cadres
were actually replaced. Finally a whole sggment.of
ttre initial rebeliwere in theirturn chastised as "ul'
iiã-tãltiiä; who "waved the red flag to bring down
- the red f,ag," and a new balance was struck with
the formati,on of the Three-in'one Committees'
This is past history in China and all one sees
decorous calm.
now
- Th;is amood
of those most turbulent times can best be
.antut"d through a student's eyes. The following
acäount is by a-Canton student who was later acôused of beiirg an "ultra left," defected to Hong
Kong and becãme a Trotsþite.-"Oqt rebellion was
nãt õnlv confined to our school. . rTw-o hundred of
us carriäd out the action (against the Canton?arty
ttOj i"o.e."ntine all local.sóhools. \{e got hold of
thäÞariv frles arid published what was contained in
them in wall posteis. . . Then we went into the fac'
iôries,joinpd'the oro{uclio-n llne and ate and lived
;fthlË ítrkers... . \[e linked up with the rcbel'
nols wotk"ts and called ourselves the Red FIag Fqcwas no centralized leadership. l{e used
lión. ft
publicly the ofñcial pubìications of the
fo burn "i"
Partv bureaucrãts to show oür disgust. . .[Afterthe
seizúre of powe,r] the bureaucrats were smashed
und I *ut iespdniible for the administration of
'

t

'.t

-some schools.
8 February

1967 we invaded the military.
'area and held derironstrations there. We captured

"On

some aïmy propaganda cars and-used-them to ap
oe"t to thé ioldieis to join us. The military bureau'
ärats were furious. No armed soldiers ioined us, but

clerks and other army workerc joined."
S¿Btember he réturned tohis school and

- i;

tñ"t ahe old headmaster- was þqck. For the
nãü ttuee years, before he defected, he was sent to
work on a farm.'Th¿re the disaffected comrades

fd;d

iñil"d *h"tw*;àüãdtñe

,'

holetarian Union' "But
our gloups were discovered and many of our com'
radei began to be arrested."
*Study.
One of Mao's most famous aphorisms is:
Struggle. Tlansformation." In China today the dzi

rowrñ'

Once the poster was up the dock's Party com'
mittee had called a meeting to discuss these que*
tions and then put up a poster themselves acpept'
ing the workers' criticism. Shortly thereafter two
ne\rspapers published the To'tzu'pao on the front
page includiñg the national People's Datly.
Ât the docir there were team criticism nlèetings.
The leaders were callqd before them. One brigade
leader admitted he hadn't consulted the veteran
workers much and thought of himself as being
responsible for everything. \4rork stylq was di*
cussed. What were the real incentives: was it true
that working people were only-hterested in rice,
oilr-salt and fuel?" People, Fang said, sat up all
night writing posters.

iouh. the Ultra-Left faction is considered to have
äntv'u".n ã¡ie tã tare seriously the frrst two' Such
is the official position.

-

\üork Zone of Shanghai Harbor'

The activity of the harbor is quite amazing-fo1-one
used to em-pty New York. Yalg Suo KuiCha-(No^'
f Unit) trafdlis 3% million tonõ volume, has- 3230
workeís, 1000 of them unloading the big ships'
At the head office leading mdmbers of pur hôsts
were introduceA. they werõ Wu, chairman of the
standing committee aid Chang, a standing commit'
tee member; a representative of the Youth League'
a womens'rôptesentative; the head of a prod-uction
team: a young wotker, introduced as the author- 9f
a Big'Chäractõr Poster; a woman truck driver. Most
ãuãiion" in the room was young. As in the ulomens'
mee[ine in Tientsin, there was an enthusiasm that
went oút to us. The Chinese in the room, felt thé
pr.utot" to communicate with us directly-with or
iryithout the help of the translator.
A rumor had been going around among the
Americans that here al last we were to have speciüc
answers to our "l{hat is the Confuciurlin Piao
Controversy" question. Indeed Wu began with this ionic. withä stirile. He had silver ñttings on his teeth.
UË
to'ot e¿ about 40 and had glasses and wiry hair.
- -Here
is his run'down as close to the original words
a" I can remember it: before the Cultural Revolu'
tion the leaders who managed production had ne
slected politics and ideological work. All they
[hãuehiabout was loading and unloading and in'
the tonnage. TheÍ forgot to grasp the most
"t""sÏns
impo*ãnt point: that the-worker u¡as realþ in
ãñäte". Since that time the anti-party clique had
béJriterretted out; there was thé custom of criti
ãiring ttre leaders. And the worÈers "when tremen'
¿ouiy enraged" spoke gP. This year aloneJheæ

I
I

Other critical posters appeared which agitated
the cadres a good deal. However it,nfas not meant
personally against the cadres as individualq only
against the Confuciuslin Pao line. The result of all
this is that now you can see workers and staff members laboring together on the dock. There is increased enthusiasm.

Then there followed a question and answer period
in which we pursued some of this.
Question: The "Four Big I{eapons of the Masses"
were rhentioned in citieizing authorities. l[hat are

¿.

they?

¡'
t
,]

I

j'ou afraid of being fired?
A: "Ours is a socialist country. I'm not working foî
the chairmanl the question of frring doesn't arise.
Chairman ïtlu is my superior as well as my class
brother. If I have shortcomings he can tell me, and
I can tell him. Since he is my class brother, how
can he fire me?" (Big smiles between everybody at
this.)
Q: Ytlhat happened to the administrators called be

rallies and
üdÏil ttîO máss and medium sized
relating to

äälineil

?95Ó

of critiqism

"riictes
on the docks." And there
õf our work
iéãlitv"eOO

"the

have

big character posters aga4st the "three
(Confucian ideas) and . ..
-õuni.int oi oppressioir"
asainst Lin Piaó'õ idea that the "leader knows best"'
Ñ-oor ttt" slogan on the docks is "Put Politics in
Command."
--fäiîtien-jen, the poster, author, was introduced'

U"ãn

l

aú¿ intense; his glasses gave him a
He was-younÉ-H"
óf

;ñdñG uii

¡"iun bi itatiñe-thatãs

i
I
I

a result

iñã Öu[utul Revoträion ihev haã transf ormed the

by-the

'¿lnrãasònable rules and regúlations set
cältãliunà tt¡eie wat a nõw look. But still the class
Jt*eã" ãã"tinued in the form -of a struggle be'
Iüöñ i*õiin"J For instance the same leadprs who
been reprimanded before for establishing ma'
ioiuiinã"nfings, now pushedthis idea-in a dis

Í
i

I

fore meetings?
A: The workers were against one group leader particularly for economism. \4re talked to him a lot.
Now he's changed and we call him the "politiøl
leader." No teúer on Dock No. 6 was fi:ied. Ther¿.
were criticized and helped; then they came.round.

The Americans were enthusiastic. At the end we
expressed our thaùks at such concrete answets,
frnãlly after three weeks in China. 14ru grinned and
said: "Yes. Hearing a hundred times is not as good
as seeing once." I{e felt we really had seen the
doc}s, and through them

Shanghai.

.

T.

,.'

:

THE PEASAT{T MUSET'M

lst. Hangchow. The name Peasant Museum is
confusing. It is Mao's 1923.^7 school for peasant
cadres, under the auspices of the Kuomintang.
The building is a 14th century Confucian temple:
stony courtyartl, pillars of ganite with mawellous
capitals and rafters of bright reds and blues; soaring roofs of hoary green tile. Across the top a
June

decorative frieze: ceramic fish and dragon, notso-solumn human figures desporting taoist-siyle
and decorative fruits and leaves.
This school was set up at an odd time: during
Dr. Sun Yat sen's "popular front" against the'iiarlords and imBerialists, when the Koumintang (with
Chang Kai.shek and the Chinese Communist Party
were allies. At the time Mao was head of the "De

partment of Peasant Atrairs.l'The institute trained
revolutionary'cadres from 20 provinces: early morning exercizes in the chilly courtyard, investigations
of home-county farrhing practices, sleeping under a
blanket in the double bunla. . .In the last year
there were 327 students age 18-28.
In a year most of them were dead, victims of the
April 15th 1927 Chiang l(ai-shek coup ¡nd the
Fangchow Massacre of 1000 Communist Party
members.
{<{ç{<*

Our last day and acacia is in bloom. An evening
walk through the streets. Ice c.ro.am. People are
out on the sidewalk; someone is sleeping on a cot
and others are playing cards. A radio from an apartment. Dark huge trees. No cars.
But the "night soil" brigade is out. A lady is
pushing the neat whitepainted metal cart wíth the
tank of manure. Next mornihg it will be in some
suburban commune. And is this sight "old" or
"nerfl?" Ancient or modein? Is'it China a 100 years
ago or some US city 50 years in the future?

I
i

¿

t

i
l

ü¡

Án examþte: a sþi,ft would load bulk
õarso frrst with the cranes and leave the lighter
ã"tão-wt i"tt had to be loaded bv hand-to the
,tritt. Thus the mistakes of a ferr¡ leaders
"ãft to ¡e ctrecked or the whole social enterptise
traa
would go astraY.
It wå at this time that Fqngllegigq¡glqn-hls
biJ charactèr noster. It's Title: BE MASTERS OF
ríTN OOCXS.NOT SLAVES TO TT{E TONNAGE.
a text of two pages, all of it broadcast
it
"tJt"*
over l{ha¡f No. Five's loud speaker system'

Ansver: Speak up boldly. Air views freely. Put up
big character posters. Hold great debates.
Q: How many administrators on the dock?
A: 200. Now they are directly involved in production. Iæading cadres work a minimum of two and
a half monthi on the dock.
Q (Addreesed to Fang): ïVhen you put up your big
character poster-attacking your own boss-weren't

Q: Did production fall during the campaþ?
A: Mao sãys: "Weed out the grass Bad things can
be turned to good account." There were never any
work stoppages. Now production is up 207o.

I

crúd ¡õ*-

I
!.

.ti
1
i

t

"Cotton Ha¡vest" by Li Feng-lan.
Painting from China Features/LNS,

"

wrN

ii

the Agape Foundation, which didn,t respond at all.
lrll9grrn by Vangu.ard was especiaily Uitær to us,'
because. this group of heirs and heiresses in their
early
and. mid twenties pride themselves on funding *nguøra
projects which seem all too often to 6e the
se]f_sañie
pf.e
funded by larger foundation _instead of
"ffsrts
being narural history fournals rhey are lesbian q;;;;r- i
lies, and that's not toô much.of a'diffeienãe from
. where we we!.e
sranding, which wgs/is that g10óó is
very litrte to put our tõgalvanize-ãn ãniiiu óiqyrM"y,
be among you there is aieadçr w¡itr $tOOO to'put j.
down on an intense experiment in rapid social ihadge.
ff the¡e^is, get in touch with Scott B. Smith, .lg2}
Derby Street, Berkeley, and get him to teI vou iust
how and what he wants to do with urban gãrdening. t
Aside from Scoft 8., who is a folklorisifìlled wilth
funny and. amazing information about local and mytf,i,
hrstory, while on the gardens bandwagon t met
another earnest anti-institutioná1, prolnature character
in-the person of Dick patton, a vóiy fit man in his miàfifties who lives largely on leáves, bórries in¿ no*ri,
he picks while walking around. Beikeley. Dick dropped
g,yJ:f the engineerinf profession after tirbpþine i,iãvtelnam as a business consultant to the military. ,,All
*"lr: to.live, it's as simple as rhär," he
to say.
,liI.g
',!frygr1rC rhar supporrs life is good. What likes
destroys ít
is bad." Armed with this philosophy and a strong
desire to communicate it,'he has'lerf-r"Ju fr*
piece_s of quiet street theater that seem
wonderful to
me. Once, for initance, he went down to City úãif aìa
began planting cabbage seedlings. Someone predictably
came.out and. begair to grill him about what in hell he'
was,doing. "ltrn planting fo.od, what does it look like,l'
Dick told the bureaucrat. ,,We all are going to be doing
it soon. Why don't you take out all these ornamental
put some food in here to get folks.garden_
.bus¡g: and
ing? You could be raising cabbages initeal ãf scr¡Ubling things on paper allãav lon-e."
sort of slightly maúerick:charisma is some_
_ -That
thing that I see as a common trait in all foui proplp,I
:
mentioned in this oiece-old Mr. Knox, Annibel Lind,
Scorr B. smirh, an'¿ oicrÞãtü. ililflìiåîabout
paying attention to the nature of things,'späaking
up,
getting folks together. Getting positiuäifrilg,
a"
complished ryith a combinatiõd of rronest ãi¡ticism
and good*pirited cooperation..Mqy¡¡g ¡n tf.," ;Zõ;r,
thinking of growing what we need to ïiu". .

Ilr

-

,

Another participant ín that conference, Annabel

munity-gardening movement has assumed. And even
with all of its attendant Mickey Mouse rôutines, ttrai
is basically a good thing-now äll we have tð cãnv¡nce
lotKs ot ¡s not.to be uptight about who's gonna'steal
your tomato, like who was it said you cañ't steal from
the garden, it offers itself to you.

Lunor. a.very shiny, pretty lady from Chico,
California,
'
was djstinct and refreshing, tob. On first

a
íeãls bu¿get of 950, she and her coìieague, prt tos.ihð;
iõ0community gardens.in Chico, wniih is a
county

þoor

with a perennially high unemptoyment råte-Rlnabá
you.ng, casual, and cheerfully patient_she
is a great
testimonial to the fact that you don't have io ñave a
degree in."environmental mänagement'; tó

niuk"

g¡l¡t::ii.

¡s

.or.

acrion happen effectively and gr¿cefully.
r ne Lntco group puts out a newsletter
called Home:
can contacr them at 546 W. 2nJ Street,
t19.wn.
-Y9u
Chico 95926 if you want to know rnoru ¿Uout't o*
they are doing their gardening program.
Growing food local ly seems more and more to be
a.
tremendously positive tool for change. All over
the
country, communities
to refoliate-from

q'

fE

r
t

Palo Altq Calire states of

l\4assachusetts

Tenney

iee, and Burli

.

PS RECETVED

A WEEK LATER

All green has busted loose

,_,T!gr..it also a group _èalled Gardens for Ail, lnc.,
cl?scribed.as a "non-profit, national clearing hóuse,,;
I nese toil(s seem to me to have a bit
of shineola

Her ortlcle on
the luly 3 issue,
12

wlN

'

t their acr. Their

;; ;

rCimãñ
;;-;;;årr"nteur and a guy who spent the last ten years in the
carapace of Reoders' Digest. These Gaideni for All
loll(s arê trav_eling around the country with the cooperation of the Bureau of Outdoor Recrbation, showing
the middle of America how to lease a bit of communi_.
ty land and keep outsiders out, too. Their Honorary
Eoard of Directors include seed company and garden
rools company chiefs, and lasr sn it,é lirí R;beiî'-"
Roda.le,,organic gardenìng experl But by all this
comme.rctaugovern mental.{sometimes wel l-intentioned)
imbroglio, you can tell what epic proportions the comabou

spo

,
l'

,t

persistent energy toward city-wide food
- Tlt" most
larming
has been Scott B. Smith, a dynamic com_
munity org?nizer Who heIp_ed créate 27 community
gardens in Berkeley in 1969-70 under thq
louurry
program, and who was fired in ,l970
because he put a

, rat on the mayor,s desk during a tenants, union ã¡scussron. Scott B. and his Organic Farmers of
Berkeley
group-were insistent enoughto gêt the
lethareic
Berkeley council ro cerl_e t-tris tiñv Uãnr-åËãi¡ng
on
rots, N9ry, scott s. ií tãú.inã JãTt
eoine
I:y:1¡1lt
rnto debt ¡n order to buy a roto_tiller. Hé says once
he gets.hold.of one, he.will
iust plow tfirãueh, an¿ if
you tatk with him for even á rew minuiái,ïåi
can u"lieve- that he wiil., He and.t tried tatà rñi;;¡"r",
d'u.t
91000 for a rororiiler¡and

some,à.¿iiñj irnãi",

toots, and were turned down by Friends óf the Earth
Fou ndatiön, the Van guard r oúnoatiãn,- *¿-ËLU"UI

v

here fìnally,

_. Actually.¡t's.not-so spèctacular a, ãiíinut, ort to
those of us.hopi¡g for sôme actionqÀ iomniuniiy- .
gardening, it is. The ciry council .app,rovãJ 9S.00ó to be*
spent or set aside for cle.aring lots owned by t'he city.
So far, four have been cleareî. ñã*, pã*i ä"¿
Recreation Department is opening lánd uó io ,orn_

muniry use, and telling everyone its auãilJul". áäiåa

on response,'which thèy say'is low ,o 6r_pãrtlv
methoOs of communicarion, I suspecí_théy
wiil
llr.gil
tence and prov¡de water for as many of the four'sites
as seems necessary and will dig up more if folks
clamor

for more.

ps on the matter and a happy BFGIN-...So this is a
NING.

Creaturely,

-b

Blackbird
WIN 13

Many health care professionals in radical circles believe it impossible to create a humane health care
system in a capitalíst soc¡ety. Yet all too often their
programs become hôspital organlzing or organizing
"the worker." They view discussion of medical alternatives as naive and utopian or as symptoms of hippie-style dro¡out: selfish, individualistic, not

Aru
AlreRNATlvE
HeAlTh
.

*ù

.

serious.

CnRE

However much we respect some of this analysis,we can't believe we are thé only radicals in heaith
care interested in alternatives. How can one envision
how things should be unless models are tried? Along
wíth such groups as Movement for a New Society, we
believe that we must live the revolution now; that we
have to act and create as if we were in a just world;
that there are many better ways of meeting our own
and others'needs right now; and that it is óur business.
to find or invent them. Thus when universal change
lnally arrives, part of the work will already be doîe.
Food buying clubs, cooperatives, alternative businesses,
block organizations, city-country alliances, communesall are being created within the belly of the monster .
and are more and more living independently of that
monster. Some no doubt are escapis! are private solutions, are impractícal and ephemeral. Others keep
their pol¡tics clearly visible, analyze what is wrong and
then create viable alternatives; alternatives that are
not an escapE but are positive experiments linked to
and part of the movement ahd ever cognizant of the
over-all problems of a patriarchal wsrld (whether
capitalist or bureaucratic centralized socialist).
Here we want to start a dialogue on a plañ'to create
a.model of what good health care delivery could be.
We want to explore with others these ideas, spend a
year looking for others to work with, as a group make
these ideas more specific and concrete, find a suitable
place and then DO lT. This article is our first public

by ç.l¡¡Re douqtn s

step.
We are

two people, one male and one female, both
femin ist, nonviol ent socialist-anarch ists, both political.
ly active from the mid.60's onward, both aware of the

ANCJTM 5COTT

'

huge threats multi-nationalism/capitalism/imperialisml
(patriarchy in sum) pose to the very existencè of fhe
world. We both believe that there is a better, more

'

humane, caring way of doing almost everything, and
that hurñans, ¡f their basic needs are met (including
psychological-spiritúalloving ones), are powerful, sensible and jolious creatures who can live carefully
on this earth. Between us we have training and experience as educators (free university, public school
and health), counselors, social worker, doctor (family
medicine), political activists, organic gardeners, as
worker/coordinator with a network of alternatlve
businesses, and have worked with a women's health

collective.
OUR MODEL

to create an alternatívé, non:h¡erarchical, nonsexist collective of people involved in providing good
quality health care in a rural area.'By health care we
We want

mean a comprehensive coordinated system stressing
prevention, continuity, and participation; we do not
mean a crisis-oriented system.
We envision a rural area because (t ) we woùld Ue
far enough away from large cenlraliied medical complexes so

Drawing from LNS.
14

wrN

that we would not have to waste energy

fighting ther4 (we've found that providing good-health
care is very threatening to the organized health empire); (2) in rural areas (as in city ghettos) adequate
health care is usually unavailable; (3) we function bet
ter away from cities.
We are not planning a free clinic nor a volunteer effort with high turnover and low resources. Nor do we
seê oursélves as having something to bestow on the

needy poor. V/e want instead to discover the medicai
needs of a total commúnity and see how they can be
met.
Our emphasis would be on education and prèvention and on real community involvement and participatidn. We are thinking above all else, of.ways in
which. peóple can be given back power and kñowledge
over their own bodies, and of ways rnedical care,can'
be demystified and deprofesionalized (for example,
problem oriented patient records should.be open io
patients, discussed with them, owned by them and us;
records of health and illness in the area should be
compiled by people of the area.)
As Alinsky organized people on.the block level and
China invented barefoot doctors for communes and a
health worker for each factor,y or group of home$ we
see our clinic involved in a system that uses and trains
the people of the area as resources for themselveç
Health care would be an interchange amongst equals
where we would learn from people as wbfl ãs thdy"
from us and where consumeis (¡iatients) would be
seen as an integral part of the hèalth caie team.
The clinic itself would be people centered and not
crisis.oriented. That is,.fhe patients' concerns, needs
and desires would be of first importance-notthose of
doctors or nurses or hospitals or bureaucratic red tape.
It would be st¿ffed by a team of people who spend
time on interpersonal and support piocesses (iuch as
mutual criticism and validatioh) as well as on delivering care. Arrangements would be based on creating
new forms of relationship amongst ourselves as a collective and new ways of relating to each other and
oi¡r commurity. Decisions would be reached through
consensus. Emphasis would be on flexibility and shãring on rotation of many_ {tties and responiibilities,
though primqy responsibility for spebihc areas would
be clearly defined. There is a sticky'question of roles
and special competence here and â Oänger offalling
jnto old pa.tlerns. Òur effort would.be iô get
away
Trom the old roles and ways of relating in-and to these
roles. We would be doing the things wã were trained
.

to d9 o.l good at'more than other ihings, but would
not be limíted to those functions, nor gáin special
privilege nor authority because of our irainiñg.
As part of a saner way of living, time and enough
people would be very important. iime for a riurse to
build a relationship with a patient and learn some
therapeutics, for a doctor to scrub the floor or learn
about nutrition. Time to listen to people and time to
work oq! problems and build strength.within our col_
lective. Time to go to people's homes and do outreach
work. Time, also, for ourselves as people other than
just for our roles as health providers, ånd time to act
on the larger .questions of good healih: food, housing
working conditions,-the economy, the envirónmen!-'
thevery structure of our government itself and global

p¡oblems.

.

We se9 our energies. primarily focussed on the clinic,.

but not devoured by that clinic.

We

want to build a

lgng term, economically viable, successful aiternative.
We are both well acquainted with the varietíes of burnout common in the '60's. ln the process wd have
learned.to.be. more pat¡ent and càring of ourselves,
while still.holding on to the enormit! of the long range
struggle. We've found that the more bur own live-s are
ín.balance, the more strength and energy we have for
action.
ECONOMTCS

this rime, we are rhinking of having
t.wo
for_every one conventional spot. We aie
also th-tnKtng.of a group of people who are engaCed in
simplifying their lives and theréfore .ipärt no"ñãi,
]o_eiv-lqgoqte
p.e.oqt.e

than a just income. part of the probleni ôi

ñdüi

care in this country is that the providers have been in
a far different economic bracket than most of the consumers, and have often been oppressors rather than
knowledgeable co-workers. We rlould be small. de-

centralized, and share our income. Our effort would
be to simplify and to minimize. Our standard of living,
would not be in terms of money or possessions,'but

I

\
in the quality of our life.
We also want to be high quality health deliverers,
so would put more energy and money than is tradi,
tioanl into such things as writing and prínting our own
patient education material, communiiy outrách and
classes, and whatever a good preventivä system would
need. We do not see ourselves accepting grants from
capitalists foundations nor from ttre gJvónment. Our
income would come from our community (and possibly, initially, from interested supporteró).'We iee ttre
clinic run as some sort of a cooperative. ld would be
open at first to both fee for service care and for Drepaid outpatient (non-hospital) services that coulà be '
paid by the week, month or year, but would eventually be limited to coop members. We would, of coúrse,
accept r¡edicare and medicaid payments, but wpuld also be open to pyament in kind'orto exchangé òflabor
or to being part of a network of cooperativei.
.

OVERVIEW AND RATTONALE
Good health care is not hard to provide from a technical point of view the vast majoriïy of the time. What
is often missing in our present system is an individual
concern for the patient as a person with specific feelings and ideas of how s/he wants tó act in a particular
sit-uation, and a.lack of continuify. Good heä[th care
is incsmpatible with the way it is usually delivered to
day. The present way financially exploits illness, is
governed by the profit motíve, and oppresses the consumer. lt is crisis a,riented rather than preventive: dealing solely with disease instead of incluäing the socio
econ-omic and social problems affecting health. lts
chief providers are mistrained to be auihoritarian and
paternalistic; they are taught in expensive, techno
logically oriented, hierarchical hospitafs about diseases
and pathology, but not about people or prevention.
What people need in primary health care can be
rìet by a system such as thr: ._,ne we.are trying to form.
They need, to quote Barbar¡ Towles' Heaith Þac
pamphlet, Prlmer on Primary Core: ,,knowledge
about good health practices to help prevent dlsease,
regular comp-rehensive medical checkups, to detect.

early signs of disease, and a medical team resoonsible
for th.e patient. . ." and including the patient in a system that is unified and oriented toward patient nee'ds
and, jointly controlled by the community and its
health workers.
We have chosen to join with others in buildins a
model health care system nor as a goâ1.¡ñ itself, blut
because we have the skills for it anã because wê know
of little viable, long term, alternative work that has
been done in health care. Creating a workable alternative which meets-people's needs and empowers them
to take charge of their own lives is a political act. Fight_
ing.patriarchy,.oppression, sexism, racism, imperialilm
and the warped value systems they create is possible
in everyone's.daily life. We are seiiing that pärt of the
monster we think we are ìnost able.tõ chanþe. We
want-to start the process of change (our part of the
nonviolent revolution) with a lifeiime's work that has
a particular.focus suitable for our skills. We want to
create a model health care system that others can
lear.n from, both positively and negatively, and can
build from.
We are not interested in just fighting disease. We
see disease as related to the wholõ sociál structure and
ConUnu€d on pago 19.

,

wrN

15

The l¡urflrcr
Irrq¡tress of S'l
BILL BLUM
Since the publication of my article on Senate Bill
Number One, (S-1), in the 4110l7S issue of WlN, a
number of developments have arisen which affect both
the content of the bill and its cliances of being passed
by Congress this fall. These developments include the
amendments that have been proposed to the body of
the bill, the increaseà coverage S-j tr"r received from
the establishment media during the past few months,.
and the giowth of political opposition to the Act.
Politically, the bill may well be the most (eactionary legislation ever proposed in the US Senatè. lts 753
pages include police-state provisions which mandate
execution for certain offenses¡ revive the anti-communist Smith Act, and reaffirm and strengthen the
Federal Anri-Rior and Wiretap Acts of 1t69. The bill
also imposes harsh penalties on government officials
who leak classified information to the press and places
severe restrictions on virtually every kind of public
protest action. ISee the original article for aetaits,]
But in spite of its repressive character, S-l has re-

ceived bipartisan support from liberals as well as conservatives. lts principle sponsors include coniervatives
James Eastland of Mississippi, Hugh Scott of pennsylvania, John McClellan of Arkansas and Roman Hruika
of Nebraska; and liberals Birch Bayh of lndiana and
Mike Mansfleld of Montana. McClellan and Hruska
head the Senate Judìciary Subcommittee on Criminal
Laws and Procedures, which is responsible for drafting
the actual te¡t of the Act.
Since Apiil 1Oth, another stage has been reached in
the life of Senate Bill Number One. To begin with, tfie
establishment press has finally begun to notice S-1. ,.'
With the exception of the Woll Street Journol, hoytever, the media have focused their attack exclusively
on those measures affecting freedom of the press.
Briefly, S-1 leqpardizes the press through the penalties
it prescribes for public disclosure of classified information. The Act provides anywhere from three years imprisonment and a $100,000 fine to the death penalty
for federal employees who "communibate classified.lnformation to an unauthorized recipient," even if the
information was not "lawfully subject io classification

*ù

at the time." Any publisher or reporter who obtains

and communicates such data would be similarly guilty.
Thus the press has brought the bill to the attention

of political organizations throughout the nation. These
groups, such as the California Democratic Council,
have in turn begun to berate Senate liberals for their
tacit approval of the Act. And the liberals have
responded to this political pressure. According to two
of their foremost representatives, Senators Cranston

of California and Bayh of lndiana, the bill must be
modified, but not altogether scrapped. As a result,
Senate liberals have prompted S-1's sponsors in the
)udiciary Committee to accept various amendments
to the bill.
Although a complete discussion of all the amendm-ents is beyond the scope of this article, an analysis
of just one of the most important alterations should
be sufficient to'convey the dangerous and completely

inadequate character of the amendment strategy.
Both the original and revised versions of S-i reestablish the'Sm¡th Act, which the Supreme Court rendered inoperative in 1957. ln the original draft, the
Smith Act provisions call for 15 years in jail and a
$100,000 fine for membership in an organization
which allegedly adovcates the incitement of others to
engage in conduct which "at some futuré time would
facilitate" the destructíon of the government,,as
speedily as circumstances will permit,,' and where intent for such incitement can be shown. The problem
with this section, apart from its repressive náture, is
that the language is unconstitutionally vague and overbroad. ln the amended bill, the phrases ,,át some future.time" and "as speedily as circumstances will permit" are stricken, and the phrase "imminent lawless
conduct" is added before the words ,,which would
facilitate the destruction of the govèrnment.', This
change not only makes the provisíon less vague, but it
is in keeping with the pre-1957 cases in whiðn ihe
Supreme Court upheld the Smith Act. Needless to
say, the amendment does nothlng to liberalize the reactionary content of the section.
Even if a few of the repressive features of S-j could
be eliminated through amendments, the amendment
process is incapable of alter.ing the basic thrust of the

biil.

As the Criminal Justice Reform Act edges slowly
towards enactment, organizations across the country
have stepped up their opposition to the bill. The natjonal offces of such groups as the ACLU, the Frientls
Committee on National Legislation, the National
Coordinating Comrnittee for Justice under Law, the
National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Network,
the Jesuit Conference of Social Ministers, the Menonite Central Committee Peace Section, and the National Lawyers Guild have all taken vocal opposition
against S-1. And, of course, the National'Committee
Against Repressive l-egislation has been in the fore-

front of the struggle to defeat S-1.
On the other side of the barricade, however, S-1
has been gathering strength of its own. ln addiiion to

its influential backers on the Judiciary Committee, the
has been endorsed by President Ford in his June
"19, 197 5 crime message.
.The Senate Judiciary Committee began'reviewing
S-1 in early July, and a full Senate debate and vote is
an-ticipated in.the fall. Prior to that time, the political
left can play a vital role in alerting the American public to the dangers inherent in the Act. For Senate'Bill
Number One is'not only a grave threat to civil liberties; it is a viciousyeaction to the radicalism of the
Sixties and the early Seventies, and a prospective safe
guard against the revolutionary potential implicit in
the nation's current economic and political òrisis.

bill

CONTACT:

ln addition, as full time workers, NC did most of the
day to day office work.
The other group was generally known as Local
ROTN. They produced from two to four tapes per
week thatwere aired on a local radio station. Aithough the group was organized well enough to
produce the tapes, it did not look upon itself as a
separate tape collective. Most people had very little
time to spend on the organizåtion arld concentrated on
the tapes-almost ryithout exception,'loc¿l people had
full time jobs and worked on tapes evenings and weekends,

The Danger of RU

wtN

problems that were, till that Úme, overlooked. Ni
claimed all maior decisions for ROTN (NC as well as
l-oca!). And whcnever Local initiated anything on
their own, they were strongly opposed and often had
1o make a change in order to pacify the NC.
ln late January,.most people closely associated
with ROTN were called to a special meeting. NC.
called the meeting and we were only told that it
would be an important meeting and that pçople would

RON BUNCH
Debates between the Revolutionary Union (RU) and

other movement organizations have become moie pro
nounced. Until late May the criticisms of RU practice

werejust vague accusations of elitism and opportun-

ism. Sometimes a parallel was drawn between RU
and the National Caucus of Labor Committee (NCLC)
(NCLC was ¡nitially disruptive in meetings, coaìitions
and organizations because of their insistence on a
particular analysis. Nbw, it is well known for having
numerous agents, and recently received a loan from
Chase Manhattan Bank for 948,000 on $,l6,000

I

be interested¡
At this meeting we were told that half of NC had
resigned, and that NC was moving to NYC. One remaining member of NC now declared himself an RU
member. The main reason cited for the resignations
was ihat NC was becoming a mouthpiece tor tne nU
line. Although only one person admitted to being in
RU, three other NC menibers were in agreement with
RU.
The most significant news for Local was that NC
would be moving to NYC. There were clqar implications of eguipr¡ent battles. NC profusely reassured
Local that "we will all talk about the.present situatign, keeping it on a political basis (as opposed to personal) and after we have discussed and analyzed ali as,
pects of the problem, we wlll do whot is best for the
movemenl" We said we had no reason to believe that
anyone but RU would be allowed to decide what is
best for the movment," but we were again assured
thlt.we would all participate in the decision making.
All the pretty words changed norSing.
ln mid-May NC agreed to a fi ral meeting in which a
decision would be made on the diposition óf the equipment. A week before that mee'ting, NC/RU stole

.

secu ri tv. )

Nori,'however, there are specific examples of the
real danger that progressive people and organizations
face if they work with RU.
On May 23rd,24th, and 26th People's Translation
Service (PTS), Rest of the News (ROTN) and rhe
lndochina Solidarity Committee (lSC) had their
equipment stolen from them by RU members and supporters.
ln the cases of PTS and lSC, the stories are very
complex but it is significant that all three thefts occurred on the same weekend and all followed a simþ
lar internal struggle: at least one member of the group
strongly pushed the RU ling later influencing oné or
more members of the group; RU cadre and supporters
.

conducted what they called "political line strúggle"
in which other members are bombarded with réãsons
why the RU line is absolutely correct After endless
meeti n gs, -papers and coú nter papérs, attempted

I
I

I
I

i

l

l
i
l

I

"l

everything in the middle of the night
Other RU antics include stealing from the Chicano
Workers Center in El Paso. There, two RU cadre offered financial and technical assisiance in the joind
production of a film about the Farah strike, but when
the film was completed RU refused to.give.or even sell
a copy of ¡t to the Center.
_ VVAWWSO national office has been taken over by
RU- as well as numerous chapters around the country.
Several chapters of the Union of Radical political
Economics (URPE) are having similar problems with
RU, and at least one national offcer is'an RU member.
RU took over a large food warehouse that serves
sever¿l coops in the Minneapolis area. A food coop
does'not seem like a typical target for RU, but coop
activity consumes much of the political energy in that

purges, resignations and heated arguments RU had to
"destroy the organization to save it." ln each case the
claim is made that the masses will continue to be
served by RU, only better, and that the people whom
RU forced out did not see the importance of the
work-especially in light of "the present crisis of the
imperialist state." Shades of NCLÇ an organization
which had a habit of predicting the revolution in the
next five years. RU claims that this is the final crisis

of capitalism and we must act immediately.

As a participant in the ROTN struggle, I can expand on that one.

area,
Several chapters of the US-China peoples Friend'ship Association have had to struggle with RU mem,

Ron Bunch wos involved in various ontLwar pro¡ects,
most ìn Norfolk, Vo, He now works with GIad Doy
Press

16

'' ïi'.r. was already friction between the groups. NC
felt their work was more important and that Local
tlryqlY got in their way much of the time. Even though
ROTN was originally a local projec! the formation oT
a "National Collective" brought to the front many

in lthaco,

bers inside the organization.
ln general, RU:has been able to convince people

that all this boils down to "political differences.t' But
"political difference5,"."political line struggle,' and
"serving the masses" do not involve midnight thefts!
wr¡¡ r7

c
h

A
N

I

s
{,,f,

STOP THE 8.1 BOMBER

Baechler is believed tobe the

The Stop the B-1 Bomber: National
Peace Conversion Campaign is holding
its third annual organizing conference
in Green Mountain Falls, Colorado,
August 610. After conducting a grass
roots education and action campaign
for the past two years, the Amdfican
Friends Service CommitJee and Clergy
and Laity Concerned are planning the
last year of the effort to stop the B-1
challenge and the power of the m¡l¡taryi ndustrial complex. Organizers from
aôross the country will spend four days
discussing and determining the strategy
to defeat the most expeniive weapons
system in the history of the country
while organizing to reorder the economic and political priorities of our
,

country. All persons are welcomed
to participate. The conference begins

"post-war" draft resister to be

*"d"tïJi":'åfåTìlTinn

first

AN INDEpENDENT
.
"'
impris.
¡ñ-EVEflVïöT

orison.

Baechler said, ,,Tomorroív I
Federal prison. I was convicted

entór
of
r.turing toi.iiri"i *¡iñ Sércit¡rã
Service]an agõncy many people think
doesn't exisl- Bud ¡t's stili thère all
right, and its purpose is the same as
aliays: to pråvide inyoluntary manpOwór to tËe Rrmeà Forces when
they can't get enough on their own.
Thi draft ñade theï¡einir tuãr pór-

l.,.

increase the power of the collective
efforts of prisoners and their supporters." lndividuals and groups concernej about prisons in Canada should
contact the Prisoners Union Committee

orretnbuse councir in washin!-

tg-n, DC, reports that a poll-of 2638

Americans nationwide has found that
1.5% of all Democrats say they
-srno-ke
dope..This compares to just 10% of
Republicans who admitted to using
.pot Among the rnaior political groups,
"independents" were found ¡o be the
most likely users of grass:24/o of the

at30+207

four-Fifth Estate

independents-or nearly one_in
said they smoke

sible-and resistance to it helped end
the war. The draft system stiil exists,
w¡th ¡ts pool òf .l-A "19 year old men,
ready to make the next war possibleunless we work to abolish it, and until
then refuse to cooperate with it."

pot.

pRISON NOTES
¿L

evening of April-26, Atmore.
^_
Zg. On.the
Fran k X' (Moore)
Wednesday evening, August 6 and
eæö;ö';il'';d;#itir"'íir" I:l'"in anBrother
isolation c.ell in Escambia
ends Sunday afternoon, August 10.
of thá V¡etna;" Þ;;Á;;;''i;il-*
lied
had
The meeting will t¿ke place at the
three months after the ,Joiiniåun- pounty, Alabama Jail.wh-ere he
Rockcleft lodge in Green Mountain
äi ;ä;;i; yi"r
j
!;il"ìiljfü"hå'd;'X,lllifJäü"''
Falls, Colorado and the conference fee formed the local draft r'äËtlï
board in
ñãí,g"¿ t irr"lf. Sufpoireii of tne
Çnnee
is $35.00 for full room and board. Per- gorlly. NC (whereìe tjvea) a1!
äiäin." say he wai tne rhird reader
!!9
sons interested can cont¿ct AFSC,
local US Attorney that he would not of the Inmítes for Action (lf À) io Ue
1501 Cherry Street, Phila, Pa., 19102
register..
murdered. Family rnembeÈ point out
(215) 241-7000 or CALÇ 235 East
Baechlei was arrested on lanllry. .
that Frank X. wai emotionaily stable
jn
49th Street, New York, NY 10017
sanctuarY (spec¡ally and deeply religious. He wai in good
23;-1974 while
(212) 371-7188, or you can show up
called meeting for worship),1],t ,-spirits
-fiË, dre'day 6efore tre à¡à¿, añ¿
at the meeting. Rockcleft is 15 miles
Friends (Q.uaFç) tu::qil_e.il Ylh.,IF
on his body ¡n¿icåteã sûuggte
rrom cotorado sRrinss q¡d
ton, DC. His.father sat.bes¡de h!.Ttl ,
before r1e was hanfed. He had atreããy
åîrfr||** worship, while his moth_er y.",ttl_'1"ry9 served oui tr¡s prisón term and had a
Baechler turneci f g

*'i'ärJh

thatright. According to the lUoshington Post, Judge Bryãnt noted a lack-of

1

FIRST DEMOS AGAINST
FIRST STRIKE POLICY
The weather )uly 17 was rain.with .
sooradic downpours, as it had been in

Ñew.York'for two weeks. But the rain
didn't deter New York's first demo
aeainst the government's first strike
n-uclear policy. Actua¡ly, it was the
second áemo'in the countrY on this
issue, the first having been JulY in
front of the white House.

I

The New York demq organized bY
Women Strike for Peace; drew some
40 persons including a few WRLers..
We oicketed and leafleted in front of
the bassport Òffce on Fifth Avenue'
Our'leadets had on the bottom a tear'
off couoon to be filled out and ad'
dressed to Fqrd: "Nuclear war is unthinkable and a threat to the human
race. There can be no limited nuclear

wãÈonlY world disaster."

-fim

Peck

BRUCE BAECHLER_POST.

WAR DRAFT RESISTERENTERS PRISON

Quaker pacifist Bruce Baechler entered

the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial
Federal Youth Center in Morgantown,
West Virginia on July 20 to begin serv-

inga26 month prison sentence for
refusing to reg¡ster for the draft
18

wtN

lËå"'ii

precedent for such awards and asked:

t,

r

+iüil'n.ä1ilï,'#

#3'T" :n*,xl iiil; it'fl î".î
"ffi

"What yardstick do I use? I can,ilooÈ
at the going rate for First Amendment
rights. This is a precious commodity. . .
a fragile commodity." Both the verâ¡ct
and the amount of damages can still be
fRRealed in the US Court of Appeals in

York, proposed usin g prisoners and
volunteers from the comínunity aqd'

0,,

"

HEALTH CARE cont¡nued from page t5.
environmenl lvän lllich, in his book Medical Nemesis:
The Exprogriation of Health, writes of this view:

.
tlt^:91"::li::::-

A wortd of optimal ond widespred health'tts obviously

o world of minimol ond only occasionol medtcal
medlotion, Heolthy people ore those.who llve ln
heolthy homes on ø healthy d¡et; ¡n an envlronment
equolly frt.for b¡rth, grovlth, work, heøllng ond dytng:
sustøined by ø culture which enhances thõ conscioul
occeptance of limits to populat¡on, ogelng, inèomplete
recovery, ond constontly immine-nt death,' Healthy
qeogle need no autocratlc interference to maÞ, five

in

-Bruce Baechter support committe.

The New York legislature'þas recently
voted to remove most of the.state's
legalprohibitions against the employ'
BIG BUSINESS
of ex-convicts, though. the
ment
NATIONAL
lN
was much weaker than those
A recent federar study sais that
the ¡oye. had hoped it
who
suppg¡JeÇ
business has moved ¡ntá-th""näi¡ãn"ur
it should open up some
be'
while
óiirc,
-nãiUäing it " ¡nt.rrst áiiñ,j öüõiiJ'¡t I!9!!
Ioc.al Iicensinglaws
"nã
piátäåi.i¿l""adequatety
iob_opportunities,
'--,iFoi
stand, police
ex-convicts.still
barring
6'etter'o, *,irr.,î¡äU-uiìn"r,
are excepted, and
taking over concessionJfi;ï;äú;;'- and-fire departments
employers still have.the right to refuse

TAKEOVER
PARKS
big Tlt-'*
''
i,
äfera"tors and using d¡ff;;; räiLãät,,'

birth, shore the human conditlon ond dìe,
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

Some of the problems we see in creating such a sys
tem are: What.is the right size? How maiy educaiors,
outreach people, doctors, nurses, etc. do we need?
What niches and how many nichôs should be filled?

Do we provide complete cáre: dentist, ria*if", nurso
grlcligne¡ pharm-acist, etc.? (We think the first pre
r|;q.ytTt! is commitment and vision, but we also need
lÍlllt:,
?o we meet everyone's needs, including those
wno Just want crisis oriented care? l-iow can wã avoid
peopte's'ne"às and lhã¡, bärrroá or
.9:'lq^:yqqed.b.y
unattended health problems? How do we involve
tñe
comm.un¡ty and become part of that community?
r patientr¡r, i. ¿rl*"i niüä itv ortYft^Pterl: ro ouhe.atrh
sysrem? "(ie, when rheyneed
:::.:T"qT".rlar
lo u.se tne centralized medical comblóx for exÞensive

toiãå';äã;'Úi i*: l?^f:'^1"y1*::l!::1,:thisor awirr
sop

Inter¡or.

investiga'

N"rir";i'i;ikil'californi4 and Grand iiivlri Ñåii-"1

The June 26 issue of Attica News includes an excellent sumrnâry of the
frame-up against Shango Bahati
Kakawana (Be-rnard Stroble) which
was the basis for his murder trial. Ac_
cording to the New York Ttmes the

Project Harwell, a prisoner setf-help
organization founded at Eastern Correction¿l Facility in Napanoch, New

deliberation.
I.d.-Su'¡uun, Cbmmissioner of the
or Appeals affrmed
Ãì;b;r" Board of correcrions, 101
The supremecourq 1.":T:Pt^11":- 3ääi.t un¡on sr., Monrgom ery', Atadissenting refused to hear the case
b.r", and to Governor"Crordé Wdlace,
May,1975.
state
Capitol' Montgomery' Alabama
'

oépartmeni oi thó
ïhe report *"t uur.å'ãn
tions ar yosemire

difficult it is for prisoners to chanse
things by. working w¡rhin the systãm,
and should explaín why they òften
turn to other methods.

Washington.

f,:'*"iåliff 'fi iåil"iiË,d;il*':ffi
Federal District Court i
i'¡,î:,ïi:f ;¿s¡ïf,";å
NC and convictedty
jl"lå.
äi,-onr"rn and proresr shoutd so ro
",¡JX-11--F.
Circu¡t{ourt
The Fourth

sáys a study uv a tãst

We'st Hastings, BC.

Those payments rotaling $12 million
for 1200 of the thousan¡Js arrested in
Washington-duríng rhe 1971 May Day
demonstrations have been upheld by'
US District Judge William B. Bryant.
ln responding to a request from'the
federal government, the District of ,
Columbia and ¡he chjef of the US
Capitol Police Force for either a new
trial or reduction of the iudsmenûr the
judge said that freedom of ipeech'is a
fundamenrat righr an'd rhe ¡ut ñul -'ì
decided that rhe city and fó¿eral
,
governments must pay for violating

bu¡iness in locating emplovment oÞ
portunities for ex-convicts'and pre
viding fob training. After gaininþ
reluctant approval from tñe priion's
superintendent, the project rlvaj iater
deníed formal sanction to begin opera_
tion; This reyjrsal 9f policy üas sipported by officials at the prison anä in
the Dèpartment of Correctionat Services; The inmate organizers ói'piá¡"rt
Harwell are now. suing in Federal
Court for the right to make available
the wide ¡ange of volunteer programs
sponsored by the projecU Tlìe fiustrations involved in this endeavor iilustrate in almost classic manner how

9"
1l':ll:nP"::I3,'-1'"1:::ice,
to--the civil libertarians will depend

partly on continued p.ublic support
and pressure for a reallv meaningful
raw'

Park in Aíizona. lt said thát conglomerates sometimes dismiss protests from The Prisoners Union Committee is a
local park officials about their activites Canadían organization working on
and appeal directly to Washington "short term projects to meet the imwhere they have greater influence over mediate needs of the prisoners.. .
political
-LNS simultaneous with measures to best

irj

figures.

ii

cence. The Tìmes reportsd that thc
verdict, along with earlier judicial
rulings in the case, may wèll signal

the collapse of the four cases pending
Attica prisoner lêaders.l
Amnesty for all of thoi;e prisoners I
Whoqe indictments or conrdctions grew
out of the rebe_f lion cannoü undo t-he
suffering and a¡xiety caused by,the ,
trials, but it is essential and theoñly
recourse left which carries witn ít à
shred of justice.
The National Moratorium on prison
Construction has identified about 365
cases of new federal, state, county or
city penal facilities under serious discussion or actual construction. The
price tag for about half of tttese (t a5)
will be about $1.5 billion, making thé
total around $3 billion, with many
other planned iails and prisons not
yet identified nor includêd in their listagainst other

ing Their introdgctory letter states:
"Thus we feel it uigent that"there be
an immediate môratorium on all new
penal and juvenile facility construction. Su,ch a moratorium attempts to
provide time and o technique for forclng an unprecedented analysis and
gritique of our criminal justice flow
and confinement process." Those who
"
would like to support this very imporproject
tant
should write: National
Moratorium on Prison Construction,
??1ty Street, NW, Washingron, DC

20037.

-Larry Gara

Are th.ere sllterys-, places,-people who are already doing
something like this and whom we could join and'learn "
from?
PLANS AND CONCLUSIONS
Starting in October we wilt be tr:avelling around the
country to.see some places where some parts of this
idea are being tried. We need to know oi other places
or of people who are thinking :.long the same lines we
are.. l f you know of such a pl}ce oiperson or if you
are interested in our embryonic ideas please wriúe to
us or tell us how to get together with you, or continue

the dialogue in theæ pages. lVe cannot create.our alternatives by ourselves or wqrk with followers. This is .
one reason this article is not inore specific; we need agroup to evolve so that we can take the next step te
gether.

Claire Douglas & f im Scott
RFD 2, Box 65
lUindsor, VT 050g9

iù*'

¿ä i,ì u"
lr1 1,.".h r ot ogicat n t. ñãn ii onii
come and-stay economically viable?'How
do we re_
create and cha¡qe. and grow_ke.ep¡ne
,p ori uii¡on
inro easier (inoie émcienr?) otd
3:Í:'^î,j::9.:l"f!,lc
rotes, otd ways, old patterns? What
have we oveilooked?
¡

wlN

19

;
_. Sex, as life and death, had its niche in Agency operations.
The taxpay¡ng American, through CIA agentsT purihased
cars for the m¡stress of the Mexican Ex-presiden I Diaz Ordas... Also for his top political rival's girl friend to,balance

.

the scale. . .
ln closing a remark about the international comeraderie
of the ¡ntell¡gence seri¡ices. While the French intelligence
was locled in a struggle with their American colleafues,
which is continuing to this day, agents of the servicès of

Somewhat poetical, with quasi-idiotic overtones, are the
Ll stands for everything in
Mexico. LIEM-BRACE-|dentifies activities against the
Soviet'Embassy in Mexico City. LIFIRE stands for the CIA
travel control in that country. AYBUZZ-code name for
psychological warfare in Uruguay. The CIA scribes formu'
iated the concoction AVENGFUL to cover up wiretapp¡ng
operations against the USSR Mission in Quito.
W¡re tapp¡ng and other methods of sophisticated elec'
tron¡c surveillance were frequently used against foe and'
friend alike. Such actions were usually carried out with the
help of paid agents from the local police. ln Uruguay,
American operatives even financed and ran all national police
telephone monitoring operations, largely for [he Agency's
benefiL The principal targets of such activities in Latin Amer'
ica were the Cuban, Soviet, Czech, East German, Polish and
Chinese diplomat¡c and trade mission, listed in the order of
Agency's secret code names.

KS
v

France were helping to shadow ltrilip Ágee in paris. Of
cours€, so did the trusted CIA allies,'the British, in London.
Last but not least, when the KGB o'fficer:.Borisov in Uruguay
began to.carry on an affair and hiq loving wife became the
lover of his superior, the CIA kepi its móuth shut in discre.
tion and perhaps the old boy spirit of all spies.
'these'indignities and
. Let us hope that the arctritects of
cr.imes, documented by Philip Ageg, will soon þin the
Watergate.Gang in the mills of Americ¿n iustice. -007

author of this revtew is a former Cih ogrit who preferi
to remain anonymous,
:
,

, The

4,

'a

Writing about the Central lntelligence Agency, nicknamed
¡'The Compány" by professionals of the spy business, has
become a profitable and thr¡v¡ng branch of contemporary
American hon-fiction literature. The authors, usuallv dis'
former CIA officers, claim idealism as their primary
eruntled
-motive
aird yet money seems'to be their main target. Philip
Agee is one ôf the few practitioners of this art, whose decisiõn to help unm¿sk fhè world's largest costliesÇ if not
necessarily- most effi cient intell i gence service, w.as dictated
by' idealism as well as moral and social responsibility: .
: Probably, his social consciousness has triggered'his deci'
sion to wriié *re CIA Diaiy, so far the most thorough
contribution to the shadowy "science" of ClA'logy, an offspring of such Cold War pseudescienÇes as Kremlinølogy
and Sìnology. Appalled by'the inequaldistribution of
wealth in ECuador, Uruguay and Mexico, where he served '
æ a case officer, uhder State Úepartment cover, Agee
switched fronts ideologically and then physically by resign'
ing in 1968 after a twelve:year career in the Agency's
Clandestine Service.
And yet the CIA has left an imprint on his pattern

of

thinking and method of writing. Like some ex'Jesuiti, who
have ioi-ned the New Left, but cannot escape the dialectics

and modus-operandi of the Society of fesus, in a new en'
vironment Philip Agee, while attacking the Company writes
professional intelligence prose, interlaced with trivial and
trite details. For example, what is the importance to a
reader in 1975 of knowing the day-by'day voting record of
the Quito parliament?
flàwever, this asiduous fhorqughness comparable to the
works of a Medieval monastic chroniit, has its distinct his
torical value-to the average reader it must be boring. . ,Dur'
inf a research and writing period of four years, the author
hai also compiled a list of var¡ous CIA agentq, affiliated organizations and a key to cryptonyms. Of great interest is the
organizational scheme of the Central lntelligence Agency.
20 wtN

Uruguay, American spies installed super-sensitive micro
phones to record the changing noise levels and vibrations of
the Egypt¡an cryptographic machine, at work. This enabled
the CIA and the Nationa! Security Agency to break Egypt's
code. Fôr how long? The overburdened US taxpayer, in addition to routine Agency expenses, had to shell out $35,000
to'purchase the apartment,under the UAR mission!
Also, Agee mentions another noteworthy detail regarding
the Agency's operations referring to the Near East. lntelligence actions against lsrael-let us not forget that lherg is no
such a thing as friend for the CIA goons-were not conducted
by the Near Eastern Division, but by a special section integrated into the Offce of Counter¡ntell¡génce. The reason for
ihis unusual move was to screen the NED from Jewish CIA
staffers who might collaborate with lsraeli intelligence or be
simply attached to the Jewish State sentimentally..
Wiitr a brutal disregard for diplomatic usage and the
sovereignty of the host nations, Agency'mqn set up travel
control operations in Ecu4dor, Urugr¿ay and Mexico' (lt is ,
a fair gues that this is being done in Europe and elsewhere')
itlé m"ovement of all persoñs leaving and entering.the countries in question was under constant observation' ln some
¡nst¿ncei the US government provided photocopy mach'rnes
passports] including those of foreìgn diplomats' The
io
"opy
áciion:was not carrieã out through bo-rder police
lattei
fòrces. but throush the foreign ministries of the Latin
Amerícan states,In which A[ee worked for the CIA'
,

ln Mexicq tÉe surveillanCe of potentially disloyal
Americans took tlte grotesque form of photograpþing tþ9
iiãânsu ft"tus of all cãrs with Us markings, parked outside
ttrJ Cudan, Soviet and some Satellite.n¿tions in Mexico
ciiu. W¡ttr'the help of state motoi vehicle bureaus, the
õiÁ Om". of Secürity identified the.car.owners' Apparently, the st¿te bureai¡crats,. who so.loudly proclaim their
independence from Washington, had no qualms in cooperating with Big Brother?
fhu CIn ¿i¿ not forget sports and sex' Agee's last assign'
ment was to serye, as an-"Olympic 4tJlt^ht,]' under State
cover, during the Mexico Games in 1968' No comment on
this score!

.

;.

length !
Ãside from sheer gratitude and astonishment at the magnitude of this work, I realize that the only ground that onð
can judge this bibliography on is'its accuracy, for unlike the
traditional "books" we reviewers comment upon daily
which have plots or at lepst reams of ,informuiion w" ðan exp'lorè or deplore, a bibliography has neither of these traditional forms. Thus, in short, we mqst not only lear4 to
respect bibliographies, we must learn to judge them on their
own peculiar merits. Thus, to put it succingtly, in accuracy
this'bìbliography excels. And that's the citicial point, because

if a bibliography.givqs incorrect inforgnatíon, it is useless, and
the acquisition of the right data ofteñ involves more thange
ing through card catalogs or previoub bibliographies,
i
such are usually filled with incorrect dates, þlaðes oi publica. i
tion, prices, etc., anci one therefore has to track down the
actual book. And for me to come. to the conclusíon that this
is indeed an excellent work, I also had to track down the actual texts. I lo.oked At as many items as possible (l have
quite an extensive Lesbian library ríght in my house), and ,
every itern I checked out was completely correct! ln addition, elery book in English I could think of, including those

their priority
CIA technicians certainly deserve a big hand for their
ingenuity and skills. lt is only regr€ttable that their talents
were not put to better use! Agee rqports that in order to
break the diplomatic code of the United Arab Republic in

INSIDE THE COMPANY: CIA DIARY
Philip Agee / Penguin Books / 1975 I Hardmonthsworth,
Middlesex / Ensland / Paperback $2.95

ly proved that some in the women's movement are afso
guilty of holding unfounded traditional ideals of what kind
of woik is more valqable than another.
Despite this contempt of bibliographies, I myself have
found them invaluable as.a source of research and sometimes
as a guide to books I might want to read. And because myprime interest lies in Lesbian research, I have found the I
second edition of The Lesbian in Litenture by Gene Damon,
Jan Watson, and .Robin Jordan to b.g a priceless tool And
one can only praise the three bibliographers for.the onor.
môus amount of work it must have.taken to put togelher a
bibliography which runs 96 pages of relatively smali ty¡ie in

since-

I

from feminist

THE LESBIAN IN LITERATURE:
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
C'ene Damon, fan Watson

& Robin f ordtn (available from

Washington Srarion, Reno,
Nevada, 89503I/ f !Q.OOt All orders musr be aðcompánied
by payment in full / Second Edition

lhe þd{e_rrlQ 9gl_59?5,

For no reason I have ever been able to figure out, bibliographies have always had a low reputation among nonscholars. Those of us who do research.(including closet
.academ.ics like myself who swear that PhD stands only for
"prettyieavy dy\"")an-d.vyho þave had'to compife biL
liographies'ourselves-either modest ones to accompany
papers or more extensive bibliographies for ourselvès and/
or others-have come, sometimes grudgingly, to appreciate
the backbreaking task of such work. The nonscholar or nonacademig, on the other hand,.tends to dismiss bibliographies
as m.ere "book lísts" perhaps because that is the only kind
he/she has encountered (4nd please remember that lim talking about general tendencies, not an academic/nonacadernic
.

dichotomies)
.Some of the scorn heaped 9n_t¡9 poor bibliographer came
lgl¡gLt recentty in the Lucinda Cisler vs. Robin-Morgrn ,üíf
lf-the readers have followed.this at all, they will recai that
sued M.org_an's Sisfe rhood ìs Powerful on ttre gioJnãs
Çisler
that Morgan had stolen her bibliography. While I do-nit want
to spend time in this review on the ramifications of th¡s iong
and divisive battle, I would like to po¡nt out that some in the ant¡-Cisler camp claimed that even were the charses true.
Morgan. had only siolen a bibliography (read: it's nòt"iitã - '
she stole something important). That type of declaration'on-

presses, were listed.

Of course, there wére

a

few typos and bloopers, such as a cross-reference to,'See also Secrest, Meryle'l (page 1B), when no such book is listed
t latef on.
But more than beingsimply a listing of books, the authors .
afso inçlude á rating system, which indicates whethe.r- a boo!' '
has mdjor, minor or latent Lesbian characters andlor action.
Each lísting also carries a star (three-star tops) ,rating system. ,ì "
Of course, ít is here that the authors tread on
:
ground, and I had some disagreement with their ratings. And '
)
it's not only some disgruntlen,,nt that my awn
(Out of the Closets: Voices of Gay Liberatton) received a
,.,ì .,
paltry one-star räting in both the major and minor Lesbian ''.::r;
categories (although I don't remember any "minor".Les.
bians), and I hereby publicly confess a slight grawl. On the
other hand, the novels of Louise King for example, get
three stars, and I consider her two novels (The Day lile lUere
Mostly B utterfl les and The Ve loc ipede's Ho ndicop ) n ril<Lly
amusing but mindless and stereotype.{ (an effeminate interior i
decorator, a cigar-smoking "llutch" and a brainless "fem"Ìnel'
are the focus oÍ both novèls) trash. And I wonder why the'
marvelous letters of Alice B. Toklas (Staying on Alone) re- 1.:
ceived only one star when the letters contain some pure

subjective
'
anthology
,

"

gems.

But one'should, never expect someone else's taste to coincide exactly with one's own (and I should point out that
despite my quibbles I do generally agree with the authors'
ratings), and one should take anyone's recommendatÏons
(including those of my reviews!) with one's own tastes in
mind. But whatever your taste, if you are interested in Lés
bian literature-either on a professional basis or as a lover of
good Lesbian books-this bibliography is fáe absolutely essent¡al guide to whatever there is.
And in coriclusion, I can only state: "Bibliographers of
the world arise, forwe need you
-l(arla lay

!"

wtN 21

Lettêrs CONTINUED FRoM PAGE 3

morc thc structure of family living wöuld
changc. Irxtcndcd familics and communal
sot ups scom a natúral progrcssion. To expoct hoûscwork wagcs without changir¡g the
family sccms impossiblc.
I don't know if such perspcctivcs as
Grccnlcafs can bc accomplishid under
capitaligm. lf thcy can wc must be sure the
bcncñts outweigh thc incrcasing social
control dcmandcd by statc capitalism. And
cvon if such porspectivcs cannot be achieved
undcr capitalism it will show once again that
capitalism has failcd to dcal offectively with
thosc things most important to our lives.

-GLENN MEREDITH

Bloomington, Ind.

d.

'4

It's bccn good rcading the many things that
WIN has publishcd lately about abortion,
good to s-cc rome peoplo actually ítrinting
about thc issui, rather than just having
rcflcxcs. The rcal issue, of coursc, and the
onc lcast talkcd about, is that, despite
cvcryonc's groat conccrn fo¡ tho "unwantecl" child, every child bo¡n into this
socicty is unwanted, by cverybody except
(if s/he is vory lucky) onc or two people.
Bearing and raising children is not only a
privatc cntcrprisc; as a society we regard it
as a privato soll'-indulgence. Likc drinking,
ólassical music, or grassroots politics, it is
considcrcd a hørmless self-indulgence if the
pcrson doing it has the money to support
his/hcr habit; if not, it is considered an antisociat act or a sin. In no instance is it corr
sidcrcd a scrvicc to the society. In no
instancc is the socicty wllling to reward it
as a sewicc.
As long as this is the case, no one living
in that society has the right to condemn any
womcn who opts out of that.alwaysunre
warded, often-perralized sewice by any
means nccessary. And all ofus should honor
and do what we can to help those very
gutsy womcn who are willing to undertake
such sewice, Just as all of us should be working toward the ¡eal solution to the "population problem," the "family problem," the
"unwanted child problem"-a society in
lVhich each new person, each potential
worker, is a valued additioñ, a solution,
rathe¡ than a "problcm."
_MARIAN HENRIQUEZ NEUDEL

Chicago, IIL

Nick DiSpoldo is right that jailhouse lawyers

avital link between prisoners and the
outside world, although I think he is too op
timistic about how much change even a
favorable court decision can bring. IWIN,
7 ll0l7 51. Unfortunately, jailhouse lawyers'
lack of legal training and research facilities
often leads them to make strategic mistákes
and ignore important negâtive precedent*
(This is not to suggest that lawyers are
'
much better-most know.next to nothing
prison
ca¡e
law and could
[ess)
about
are

Nick's list of "important proprisonel de
cisions" should be taken together with these:
The Supreme Court last year expanded

Johnsonv. Avery to allow law students and
legal workers, as well asjailhouse lawyers, to
help prisoners gain access to the cou¡ts. But
in the same decision, hocunier v, Martinez,
416 US 396 (19'14), the Court authorized
thc intcrccption and rcading of all incoming
and outgoing mail-supposedly to check for
cscape'plans or "contraband" and not for
ccnsorship. In a second case, the Court said
that propcrly-marked attorney-client mail
could also be.opcned-but not read-so long
as the opening took place in the presence of
thc inmate to whom the letter was addressed,
This case, l4tolffv. McDonnell, 418 US 539
(1974), was the sarhe one in which the court
guaranteed limited due process rights to
prisoncrs faced with disciplinary proceedings.
Two. other Supreme Court cases that pris
oners should know about are Cruz u, Beto,
405 US 319 (1972), a good case concerning
religious freedom, and the ominous tree v.
l4tashington,390 US 333 (1967), which said
that even so fundamental a right as freedom
from racial segregation could be abridged in
the interest of"prison security and disci-

pline."
An excellent bibliography on prisoners'
rights through 19?3 is available for $2'from
the P¡ison Law Reporter. Exercise of
prisoners'right to an adequate law library,
protected by Younger v. Gílmore,40{ US
15 (1971), might help improve the quality
and success rate of prison legal work But
even the most effective lawsuit will do next
to nothing to end the cruel injustice of our
prison system. Whip Incarceration Now!
Before anyohe's hopes are.raised too
high by the theories of Sam Hofman, re
member that the socalled Constitutional
right to ajury of one's peers, as many
movement activists have learned, is nothing
but a persistent myth. The courts have cotr
sistently declared that a legal jury is one
picked from a "fair crosssection of the com'
munity." The jury itself does not even r have
to be a "fair cros*sectior¡" just the master
Iist f¡om which it is ultimately picked, And,'
Sam's brainstorm leavingthescene-oÊan:
accident case was lost in the Supreme Court
four years ago, C;allfornla v, Byers,402 US
424 (1971). -PETER GOLDBERGER
Philadelphia, Pa.

I must respond to the letter concgrning the
May 3 or 4 actions at Kent State. [WIN,

6lt2l7

sl.

I don't understand what difference
whatsoever if it was RSB, WAWWSO, or
RU that played àny role in the rally. Speaking from the position of being a former
member of Chicago WAW and WAW
WSO, this organization has been enlisted as
a RU front, the so called veterans group.
I understand the left needs no mo¡e irr
fighting but we must be forthright and
honest. Groups which practice organizatiori
splitting tactics from positions of deceit
must be known for wha'

tnïäft

o"rrora

Chicago, IIL

I enjoyed Blackbird's fine article on Tibetan
Buddhism. I wanted to make it cléar that
Buddhism, as taught by Chogyam Trungpa
Rinpoche, is not at all mysterious of extt&

ordinary. It is very simple, very basic, very
earthy. Simply the acquiútion of a "basic
sanit! that transcends time and space"-as
¡elevant and alive in the canyons of Mar¡
hattan as in the mountains of TibeLAccording to the Kargyupa tradition from
which Trungpa Rinpoche comes, it is only
thru'the sitting practice of meditation that
one begins to acquire an understanding of
Buddhism and experièntial knowledge of a
new way of seeing the world.

PEOPIE,S
D

¡
¡

3

¡owonog

loE, whlch has th¡s stogan on maillng tabêti
along wlth a whole lot mor€. Wrlte áox ì
437-W, Boston, Ma, O2lO2.
:

EECON Ar¡gust lssue ¡nctud€s: Milttary
Spending Caus€s Uhemployment, Army
Moves Nerve Gas, W¡tch-hunt

PEACEWOR K-Nonviol€nt soclal change
nêws reported ln l¡vety monthly New E'n+
land newslottêr. Subscrlpt¡on 63, Sample-

c_opy free. PEACEWORK,

Cambrldgê. MA 02139,'

Women's and other polltlcal iecords. Wlille
Tyson, Meg Chrlstlan, The Human Condltlon, V¡ctor Jara and others, We're an ânflcapltallst, coll€ct¡vely run store. Br€ad and
Roses Comfiunlty Music Centü, L7Z4 2otF,
Str€et NW Dupont Clrcle, Cotumbta (bC)

Vlctor Kaufman, ll4O2 Cam Court, KonslngF
ton, Maryland, 20795 (3Ol) 942-0584 l€ven-

investigating connections between that corpofate economy and war, fore¡gn relat¡ons,
sex¡sm, personal allenation, etc. Contact
coddard-Cambr¡dge, 5 Uptand Rd,, Cam-

bridge,Mass.617-436-7168.'

Collectlvely run day care center ¡n Southern
NH s€eks new staff person with actual or
seilous potential interest in.ch¡ld care. Cail
603-868-54f 2 between Jut-lreA bnd August

8:3G12-or send resume to Lltfle
People's Center, Box 542, Durham, NH. We
will be lnterviewlng Aug. 6,7, & 8.
6 from,

Job gpeûlng for Alternatlve School Communtry r{€sou rces coordtnator. Fund¡ng,
public relatlons, admlnistratlve responsi:'
bllltl€s. Contact Craig Newby, The Altèrnatlve School, 3950 Ralnbow, Kansas City,
Kansas 66 103 (913-236-6719).
GOOOARD/CAMBR IDGE GRADUATE
PROGRAM lN SOCTAL CHANGE. An accred¡ted MA program of Goddard Coilege,
acceptlng students fot 1975-76. proj€ct areas
lnclude.Amefican soclal and cultural lssues,

r

HELP!
ANTI-WAR ANTHOLOGY. Wanted poêms,
son9s, consclentlous objector statementa
Please ssnd to Mark KramrisÇh, 55 Camb€fwell Church Strêet, London SE5.
NYC SIMPLE LIVINc-nonvlolent, egalltarlan, soc¡al change commun¡ty seeks addlt¡onal activ¡sts. Cluster, c7o'Kendrick, 14+34
Village Road, Jama¡ca, NY 11435.

Mlsc."
Please

wr¡te to these lonely prison€rsl

PAUL WEBSTER, No. 138-558, PO Box 69,
London, Ohio 4314O.
ORLANDO TORRES, Box 860, CTF North,
Soledad, CA 93460.
OóN L. NEWLAND, No. l4l-222, PO Box
69, London. Ohio 4314O.
RAYMOND JOHN WHITE, No. 35488,'Aox

looo, Ste¡lacoom, Wash. 98388.

.20009.

lOO MPc Suppressed Pr¡nctpt€s Book S4.95.
llst FRY'S, 879-W Park, perrts,

Un¡que lOC
cA 92370.

NONCOMPETITTVE GAMES for childr€n .i
and adults. Ptay togeth€r not agalnst each
other. Free catalog: Famity Pastimes,
RR 4, Perth, Ontðrto, Canada K7H 3c6.

:

EVENTS

whíte bread fed junior exec hitlers
with degrees from Lionel toying

MOVING THIS FALL?
Now is the t¡me to tell us, because the next :.;rne we enter changes in
the mailing list will be ear:ly in September. li'you do not waót to miss
'

NEAFSC: One-we€k conference: ..A Nonr
vlolent Soclety-lts Beglnnlngs and lts pôs.
slbllltles," E125-9ll at Camp lndlanbrook,
Plymouth Unlon, Vêrmont. Wrlte NOVA,
AFSC, 4t lnman Str€€t, Cambrldge, MA

with whips of inhibïtion above
once proud men who howl and
whine like starving dogs for scraps

02r39,

of common courtesy
here are the backs that broke

(6 r 7-86¿Þ3

r501.

i'

WIN th¡s fall, please g¡ve us your new addrrsss in time. Love, Mary.
Otd Address Label (from your most recent ¡ssue):

Th6 North Amorlcan Vêg€tar¡an Soclety _of
50l Old Hardlng Hlghwayr Mataga, NJ
08328 wlll host th€ August 16-28 Wortd
Vegetarlan Congr€ss of the lnternational
Vcgetarian Unlon at th€ Orono Campus of
the Unlverslty of Malne. Rates vary, wrlto

under the strain of thousands of office

to NAVS lor info.
;

I

I

I
I

crltlc Erlc Bentloy wlll Þerform
at thê ClarkArt lnstltute in Wllllamstown
on AUGUST lO as part of the Wlillamstown
Theatre Festival's Sunday Speclal Evenis
s€r¡es. Tickets ar€ S3.OO For roservations
and informat¡on. catl the Festlvat Box Off,ce at (413) 458-8146.

S¡nger and

New Address:

OPPORTUNITIES
CORPOR4¡E pOWER ANO US tMpERtAL.

;

I.

-Manny lgreias

48 lnman St..

PRODUCTS

I

to fart

¡Vavy-

Leiblans, book revlew of..Grand Straiegy,',
and much mora Send 351/copy or g3/y1ïr
(12- lssqes)
-to-REcoN, PO Box l46oi,Phlla., Pa. 19134.

CaSey ones

swivel chairs
here the cracked limbs and ruptured balls
that rushed from chore to chore while
clean fingernails typed out a monthly report
here are the lunchbags swallowed whole
while Mr. Clean ordered another stinger
here are the rough hands that helP
carry a load unasked while uP in
IBM heaven clean shaven Mr. America's
trip over each other's carefully placedioafers
here are the men who crawl home
and for subsistence sake
keep body and soul apart

toi

JOB: WASH]NGTON DC-Staff pcrson ls '
needed for the Washingtdn póácÉc.ntcr to
help plan and coord¡nate progtârfi and lrÞ
volve volunteers. Opportunlty fdi cr€at¡v€
developfnent of peace edùcatlon program.
Pald poslt¡on-full tlmG. Pleasê contact:

ings).

PUBLICATIONS
your last hamburger a cause of world
famlne? Thlnk about lt-And whlte you're
th¡nklng, send for the fre€ GoodBooix CataWas

Oakland, Calif.

ass

bcncfrts Phonc

NY 12471

_KEN KRICH

while in a mirrored tower
a young Rockefeller lifts his

EXCHA'IT¡G

¡¡ tf{voLvco
Afio
'IO

QTHERWISE12 ÉVERY

While Trungpa Rinpochó may be a
t¡aveler, he too has put down frm ¡ootsin
his fou¡ years in this country. There are
rural practice communities in Verrhont and
California, retreat centers in Colorado, a
large well established community in
Boulder where he lives, the Narópa Institute sewing a thousand students in the
summer in Boulder, and study centers in
20 or 30 cities Those wishing mo¡e information should read Rinpoche's seve¡al
books and/oi write Vajradhatu, 1 1 I I
Pearl St, Boulder, Colorado 80302.

a toolbox stuffed with poetry
a crowbar twirled like a baton
a softshoe on the third rail
a ra¡lroad run by milk and

I

of{Lv ¿owonoõ,

teachings.

An lnquiry tnto the Death of

SOURCE, a radlcal researih collrctlve, naadS
fulþtlme staff lnterest€d ln polltlcål ch¡ngq
hard, meanlngful work, subslst€nco lltestylG
We especlatly ne€d women now. Wr¡tc Box
21066, ùr/ash,, DC 2OOO9, (2O2) 387.1r45.

ERE€ IF

oF

'

Rinpoche is developing a teaching
responsive to American karma. Buddhism
will grow in Ame¡ica not by having
Americans act like Tibetans, but by the
development of an Ame¡ican Buddhism,
firmly based on Tibetan traditions, but
transforming them as the Tibetan masters
transformed.Indian Buddhism over on'e
thousand years ago. The spiritual materialism that Rinpoche refêrs to in the title of
his book, Ctttt¡ng ThAt SpirtMal Materítl,
islr¡, is the tendency Americans have of
getting tripped out and fascinated by
exotic and mysterious Eastern teachings,
without seeing the simple basis of those

Femlnlst studles. US lmporl.ll3m at homa
and abroad. Catalogue åvallåbla, 5 Upland
Rd., Cambrldg€, MA O214O. Tal. 617.¡19â
o700.

WlNStelf Oæning

t.

rÌ

ISM_A M¡5¡5RS DEGREE PROGRAM ÀT
GqD_DARD-GAMBR I Dc E G RAOUAT E
PRggR4!l tN SOctAL CHANGE¡ a inoGRAM OF cODDARD.COLLE6E This
Masters ?gg!,"" ptosr.r wiil be a tnorôuln
analysls or the Amerlcan Corporate econõmy,

PWIN

PO Box

547

Rifron,

Ny

12471

l
I

22 WtN

i
l
I

I

t,

wtN23

Contact Your Local

t

War'Resisters League Group

or Key Contact
NATIONAL OFFICE
WRL, 339 Lafayette St., New york Clty,

Sonie years ago Nat Hentoff
had the foresight to announce

'
.

#
¿r

..{:r

'{,
v

r

1

tr
',. Journol characterized our
¿.
:
''

PEOPLE

CALL I'S
NAMEg!I
rlr

that WIN was 'fthe livoliest
publication evór to come
tumbling out of the peace
movement.".
Since then the Whote'Eorth
Cotalgg .described WI N as
"togethei" and lhe Ltbrory

with life
lovini gaiety and hope."

pros€ as "crackling

Abbie Hoffman pointed
out that "WlN proirides valuable'informat¡on tô a nationwide network of freedom
fighters" and Ed 9¿nders commented that he "i€,ads'¡t ând

NY 10012

I __ _..,.

r

30309.

Blvd., Kansas C¡tyi KS 66103.
WRL SOUTH CENTRAL, PO Box 7161,
Austln, TX

78712.

*

CALIFORNIA
ISLANDIA, lNC., 1636 Lompico Rd,,

Fetton, CA g5O1B,
LOS ANGELES WRL, 629 South H¡il,
,LosAngetes, CA 9OOf4.

SAcRAMENTo wn q"?src Atderwóod
way, sacramentq cA 95825.

D.C.

MARK LOONEY,2237 4oth Pt. Nw,
No. 3, Wash¡ngton, DC 2OOO7.

HAWAII
HAWAII W R L/CATHO LtC ACTtON,
1918'Unlversity Ave., Honofulu,
Hawa¡¡

ì
¡

96822.

ILLINOIS .

'i'i

.t,

wRL PLAtNp srATEs, 3950 Ratnbow

I

i.

\

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OAK PARK WRL, 806 Carpêntor, Oak
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IOWA
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tion to:

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($11 for a one year sub.) Please send a gifr subscrip

WRL, 813 Marytand
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