June 26, 1975

pEAcE

e nREED;dM

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Noñvtote¡,ti'¡crrcN

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?ül?? Hn Slir {}t{vlJr\r-l}
;.rrJ zuil0¡çv IT ¿t:.¿a
*'i, I T
r fJ{} úü-tr-,rr 5: ,, , *;tl
¡J

r
ð

naW;ii''L-¡.

Susan B. Anthony CÞ,*ql.Venice, California

| 3U

warmth. Charlie was one- of the gang here,
with
no more or less strange than the test of us,
un¿
..Jui
the^rest of us'
yorkine
we
":l li*:ti*ke
commPn eno; unarlte conDealh,is our
de
done'
r"åTrii"i.o" ' t¡olled his. That is lnÓre than we harie
MILLER '
putrãï
-TIM
tu"mu.ttit
;;;iy, ir't ,uggrrtìo¡
CHRISTINE LEONARD
wear uniforms and swea¡"tallegiance to a
Lawrence' Ks'
Flag of World Peace. Should-iãl"t tl.tit
miñor indulgence of the emotional need of
The dialogue about-the,WRL's Middte East
the masses, ãbsc'ure our attentioh to his
turi"¡pptå""fttopiofounderaspects?
-*-- -rr--:
^---- statementinthe3/6/T5issueofWIN'be'
tween uri Davis and lsrael Shahak (the
-utlpnÈo LooMIs
Fiee'Iand' Md'
Borsodi's global plan grapples
of the peaie iiotl.m,
creative ways out. dhould
sussests"*pr.ti
quiË¡f"it being ana¡chist o¡
"Uout the plan, if I
centralist?.ln

One small clariûcation, People's Theater in
Amerika was published in 1972 by Drama
Book Specialists in a hardback edition at
the unpopular price of $12.50. DBSrvill also bring òut a reasonably priced paperback
edition in the fall, The new introduction
WIN published June 12 was written for the
paperback edition of a book that has been

in the world almost three years.
KAREN MALPEDE
New Yo¡k, NY

'

-

¡

t

Is Dr. Ralph Borsodi an anarchist or is he
a.decentralist, as Fred Woodrufftries to
decide? [ Lctte¡s, 4129 l7 5l If one is to
label Borsodi, a broad term like "seekef'
or "teacher" were mote apt. Borsodi says
he'd ¡ather be a raiser..of questions than a
bringer of answers.'Yet inhis Maior
hoblemi of Men and SocíetY which
deûnes and analyzes, he outlines three types
of alternative answers to major problems,
which many people ñnd useful.

People-especially peace people- might
bçnefit to really know and understand
Bo¡sodi's global peace plan. lt is not a
world "govemment" as Woodruff says.
Borsodi calls loud and clearly for eliminating nations. His plan calls fo¡ each "nation"
renouncing sovereignty and discarding all
munitions and a¡mament. Individuals-not
nations-would subscribe to a World Patrol
Organization, members of which a¡e volun'
târy.because they want to.aid and abet the

renouncing of national sovereignty and dic
carding of munitions.
The only task of this World Patrol Group
would be to survey the globe for any units
disobeying the munitions arrangemenL In
such.case the Wo¡ld Patrol would surround
and isolate (not shoot and kill) any armament factory, to prevent moving in and
out of such operation. Would an anarchist
object to that in the real world, moving
, toward a more loving, mature people
predominating?
Borsodi's plan also arranges for the us.
ing of all mineral and oil and fuel deposits
becoming the t4rst (not p¡operty) ofall

.

mankind. The Shah of lr¿n or the King of
Egypt could not "own" such deposits; the
possession of and royalty of all such'
natu¡al resources "belong" to all mankind.

Zionism. Zionism has tended to produce a
great deal of injustice not because the Jews
have wanted their own land where they
could develop their own religion and culture-almost everyone accepts the right of
peqples to have these dreams and tó strive

I
l

l
l
1

i

!

such evil.

1

errors.
for

ihr"e ot four æmêsters. We have

memoiies

ofCharlie's leaving literatu¡e tables to at
tend class. A numúer of professors o]r
camgus remember him well as a student.
ffre ïtumni Association lists him as a
À.*U.ioi ttt class of 196?, the year he

is
¡ro .irf"u¿íng to credit him entirely with
organizing a stîong StudeniPeace Union
ctrãpt"r ai f"n*rltnr SPU was an active
o-iiåni"uii"n ptloi to Ctrarúe;s-arrivai; given
' oppose
tris"naturaf flair, he soon became a majór

;;iã h;

tr.duated had nó stayãa. It

u.-

I

rtrtiitt

'

lp

øny Uf sniu.myl,9laysJo any

!1

'
all

ii

utt

d* *;t;;J"g;;ir.'""iv-r."ãv
t"."thil;;il;;

of
t"

anyoneelse.ceptabletobothsídes,andthútitcont¡nue
o,l!:-ud withdrawal oÍ her forces to thase
we understand why the term "principle d
uo'?;dl;,ir,"

d.-r:i::..ç'lgtÍ:
i.T:ii'

wnl

is inconceivable that raciét

violence. Its authority would be. th¿it of jus
tice and rñercy, rather than of brute force.
Fortunately, the WRL retains an open
mind toward its policy statements, and always is prepared to revise them in the light
of new facts and insþhts I hope that as fþe
Iæague struggles again to express its position
on the incredibly complicated and difficult
Middle East conflict, it will take a deep
breath, fix its resolve, and tum out a statç
ment that is unequivocably pacifist. Amid
the torrent of commentaries that accept and
seek to adjust the Mideast "balance of
power" zuch a document could be a breath

;ifil;üï; it'äãnifrö;;;'örñ*riîri'i'
conservaiive" is used io
politics., but it is not a term.we
Charlie's politics were exclusively peace'
oriented. He had only
"r"'päLïiri
convinced that
blow itself up tn . nu"l""r|äiåffi;

building-I

have a fÞw

important last minute things to do before I
leave. Is this a real premonition or only wishfnl thinking? I've picked up another beliel
recently-that I will liúe to soe us (i.e. the
'species) contacted by the being or beings
. from outer space. A good book along this
line, and one that must have influenced me
in all this, is William Irwin Thomson's On
'or At The Edge or nraybe just The Edge of
Hßtory.
'" Having ieiommended cine book I might
as well do two more and belatedly join in

, on WIN's annual'Recijmmended Reading
'
Sweepstakes. If Don Juan is your personal
savior, you may have already marveled at
how Buddhism and Don Juan illuminatc
conceived of such acts?
each other. Chogyam T+rngp?'s Aüfing
How could the terrorism and counterThrough Sp¡r¡tuøl MaterÍoh'sra (in conjuncterrorism so hideous today in the Mideasttion with Sgampopa's.fewel Ornament of
and with tentacles throughout the worldLiberation\ is a perfect example of this
be maintained without Israeli and Palestinian
interpenetration of teachings. The Boddhisatarmies? They are Palestinian commando units, tva lives in Don luan's world of sorcerers and
that attack Israel It is the Israeli air force
shey is always compassionate. ("Shey" by
and army that retaliate; more, it is Israel's
the way is one element of my perional solu.
policy to retali¿te with only het armed
tion to the chauvinist grammâr problem.
forces.
Please memorize the following: "shey" is
Thoroughgoing pacifi srn puriûes even
the singular form of"they," taking'the place
the very notion of "State." Few ana¡chists
of a "he" or "she" when the situation's not
would oppose recognition of a. nonviolent
sexually.exclusive. Even more smoothly
state, and any state that could maintain its
"hern" is singular out of a plural "them" reexistence by nonviolence would have an
placing a "him" or "he¡;" "heir" out of
authority far beyond that possible through
"theif" for a "his" or "her;"
of

¡øiíon' ønywhere, n,c,tuans
leade¡ of it, uui its memuerslnã irt¿it
!!øate
the US govem'
iivities proúaUly did not.l.t"ri" ¿t"n1"tl.uU' Eøst. Further, we call upon
ment-we demand of it-that ít appeøl to øll
ur.
d";iil ñtr
whích we
fgr:ì'sn g:ver\t:!t::
Yes, Charlie had a lot of money; we
-1:-"yt--'!t:but any
only the Soviet-Uníon'
knew that. But he did not, for themost part, ioin nol
ü. ."r.rv urr¿ nhtion engaged ín the,wle o{arm1, th:4t an
flaunt it or seemingly
"n¡ov
absoiute arms emb,rgo be placed on all
*òlfá
å"î.""
way
it for his pfojects the
ìn the Míddle East'
whatever resäur"", h" ottn.îad available. stdtes
The statement implies legitimacv_for the
His battered vw did
for defe-nse by Israel
but he continued to live
lry of military.force
pasiages, this one, for examplÓl
several
in
generally
móst
íike
apartment and to live
l'le believe lvael must accept as her
f,i, .ã.p"tri.ts. That ie ft"¿ i"r"-.å".V
bqrlgrs those that øcisted prior tci the
use for the cause was
1e67 sit day war, ot dnv other borders ac'

'

revacuatc a doomed

violent, raóist Kibbutz? Describehotu it
would sustain itself. I can'tr
Or the injustices against the Palestinians
How could the Palestinians have been expelled from their homes and excluded from
Is¡ael; how could their villages have beer[
iazed, their lands expropriated, except by
action of the Israeli army? Could nonviolent Zionists have carried out, or even

weakness is that the statement is_not a

clear pacifist statement. In regard to the
question of the legitimacy of milita¡y
force, the statement comes as close to
pacifism in the following paragraph [WIN,
4l4l74l as anywhere:
It has long been our posítíon as pac¡frsts
to demand an end to US milítary øìd lo-any
foreìgn countty, as well as to urge the dí*
armament of our own ruttioç either øIone or
in concert with others But that positiott"
often tl¡smissed as mere idealism, has
Middle,East, where
¡iolíticøt realtty in
'the
Amerîcans and RuiÍians have a vested
e@nom¡cf strøtegic întercst ín sellíng arms,
ín maíntaíning øn ønns race"-Qe absolutely

the South Atlantic states, along with othcr

institutions in Israel could be maintained'
except by the use of armed power. A non

l:::i:Ìtr,lä,îîiå*ii:#iî

his

It

Calitbrnia (primarily LA & the Bay A¡ca), an
extraordinary changes. Morc surprising is
how methodically I go about my lit'e in light
of this knowledge: things wr?l happen and I
am like a man who has 20 minutes to

for them-but because the Zionists have been
willing to.use milita¡y force to realìze that
dream. Virtually every, evil of Zionism flows
from that willingness to use military fofce.
The "racism" of the Jewiih state is one

¡

defense) on the other, seems to miss the
In some ways Stephen S úet l5l22l7 5l
obviously tn"* tir" same Charlie Hookthat main weakness of the statement' That

we did, úut he certainly doesn't have ùl
details right, Especially in regard to charlie's
stay in K-ansas, ih"r. áe'g"ðol
charlie waq to begin with, most certairr
ly a siudent at ttre Unïe¡sity of Kansas

.,r

suggests disa¡mament

ro, åu"rvon", and evei-unilateral disarma'
f"t the us' but d¡aws back rrom what
T"il
is the full implication of pacifism: Ail sides

riãï"r
any.irut"i'iãîiiräîäii¿ in, the Mideast should disarm unilaterallv;
Äñ-;;
ãir,è, i,,u,, åi,med to
;llì:lii:i,"JÍå'ljlfi,hli"ffi":í":ir"b;;;ü;
even existed,
ofthe rest

of fresh

;;.,

air.

-BRADFORD LYTTLE
Chicago,

Ill.

I was examining my mind today and dis
covered thatlreally'do carry my life "in
preparation" for the great cataclysm that
is going to happen. In my particular case I
accept the scenario offered by Cayce-the
disappearance of New York City, coastal'

advocated that' all
not theitsstatement
positions could be defended. Because
iifÑåi i;ãif. itof does
hot, it is vulnerable.
up î¡, lr"¿. st"pr,.n
ffi ;;'ñ-fr;iJ
P¿ciñsm puts many controvet,sial quev
fôr;ì;-i;t;ü;ï;
;#;ú, nã ur..iion
^.
tions in a constructive context. consider
ËË;ää\;;ü"iîrir, "Ëi:óltã;d;¡

Charlie may have changed and may
have been the same Charfiåä

"heirs"'oirt

"theirs" for a "his" ór "hers." ("Hey" out
of "they" might þave been more logical
than "shey" but we need a little poetic
license to keep the Mother Tongue out of
ruts, sexual or otherwise.) I also like "mien"

;

in places where "person" is inadequate-as
in "Chairmien" or "Humienity." .'
The other big book I got into this yearand don't scof-is Heidegger's Beíng and
Ttme. lt took me years to brave it but if
you.want the beieûts of a deeply,religious
appre- and compre- hension-and at the very
heart of the Xian mystic tradition-then
Heidegger has it. Heidegger compliments the
Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Sorcerer's world too. He actually gave me some
tools with which to cut through my religious
.materialism, enriched my prajna and hels
not bound in by'the usual religious sexism

either'

-{fiTå,åTîå¡1i

June 26,1975

8. Notes on the Edge/ /ulia P, Stonley
'1

tro,ooo

tl5,ooo

020,ooo

{
a
hr

ô25,OOO

.

$30,000

$35,000

$40,ooo

$45,OOO

$50,ooo

12. Lesbian Music Takes Off

Lynne D. Shapiro

o..,

15. Çarol Grosberg on Lesbian Theateri

Karlo Jay

18. The Need for a Lesbian History

June Rook
20. Changes

Cover: Drawing by Carol Clementfrom
The FemÍnist Book of Lights and Shodows
by the Susan B. Anthony Coven No. 1,
Venice, Calif.
STAFF
Maris Cakars' Susan Cakars. ChuCk F¡ger
Mary Mayo. Mark Morris '- Susan Pines
Fred Rosen
Murray Rosenblith

.

UNINDICTED
CO.CONSPIRATORS

.
.l;
Barry. Lance Belvitl€ . Tom Bruck€r; ¡ -'...
Jêrry Cofñn. Lynne Coff n. Ann Davidon
Dlana Oavles. Ruth Dear. Ralph DIG¡a
Brlan Doherty. Wllliam Douthard. Kðren Durbln
SEth Foldy. Jim Forest. Loah Fritz. Larry Gara
Joan Llbby Hawk. Neil Haworth. Ed,Hedemann
Grace Hedemann . Rlck Hertzberg . Karla Jäy
Marty Jezêr. Becky Johnson. Nancy Johnson
PaUl Johnson. Alllson Karpel. Gralg Karpel
John Kypet...Elllot Llnzer. Jackson Mac Low
Davld McReyñolds. Davld Morrls,. Ùlm P€ck
Tad Rlchards. lgal Roodenko. Nancg ilosen
Ed Sanders: Wendy Schwartz . Martha Thomasês
Waskow. Ailen Youh9. Beverty Woodùárd
.

Jan

/ Rifton / New York
:

9 1 4-3t19

12471

-458 5

WIN ls publlshed woekty except for the frrst
two weeks ln January, the last week ln March,
the frrst week in June, the last two weoks ¡n
gust, and the ñrst twó w6eks ln Septemb€r
by ths WIN Publlshlng Emplre

wlth the support
of the War Reslsters L€ague. Subscilptlons are
l1.OO per year Second class postag€ paid at
New York, NY lOOOl. lndlvldual writers are
responsible for op¡nions expressed and accuracy
facts g¡ven. Sorry.-manuscripts cañnot þe

re.

turned unl€ss accompanled by a self-addressed
pEd envelope.

2 WIN

:

1. Poems:
The Lovers I SohliA. Covolloro
For Margaret Rose
From Rita M¿e,l RMB

Te leph one
$5.OOO

22

4. lntrbduction I Karla /ay
5. Letter to M I Andrea Dworkin

Box 547

$26,93 1.78

| Vol. Xl, No.

'i,

Print€d in USA

WIN 3

the courage of their acts. They did walk down that

A

street.
Barbara and I met there, and I admired her as I had
rarely admired another woman. She was, for me,
heroic-strong, brave, authentic, honest. We met as
sisters, though we did not use the word then, in the
same struggle. We wanted, both of us, to tell with
clarity what jail is so that those who sustain them;
build them, pay for them, staff them, advocate thçm,
would know what it is that happéns inside them. We

l.f

to
¡YI t.
For me the most amazing development of the post
Stonewall (1969) lesbian movement has been the
emergence aird flowering of a lesbian culture, and I've
tried-to coltect some exãmples of this culture for this,
WIN's first lesbian issue. By no means does the WIN
lesbian culture issue detail everythi n& but the reader
wilt definitely get some idea of how lesbians have
have developed our own muslc and music companies, and theater groups. ln additi on, all over
the country lesbians are setting uP and running

lilhence come I and on what wings that it shoutd take
me so long, humiliatedond exiled, to occept thqt

myself?

houses

l+

tom

-Colette, The Vagabond

Dear M.,

past as evidenced in June Rook's article on
herstory and destroying the morbid silence
in which we grerv up as Andrea Dworkin
talks about. And, for lesbians, politics is an
intricate part of our culture, for many of

t

'1

ANDREA DWORKIN

gatages,
'
restaurants, carpentry and paintin g busi nesses,
etc. We are also rediscovering our obliterated

community centers, coffee

¡!,

I

us s€e no political/cultural dichotomy.
Therefore, if you can't see how f ulia
Stanley's article fits. in here, perhaps it's
time to realign your revolutionary vision!
We may not have a Lesbian Nation yet, but
we're in the springtime of our future.

Karla Jay

I wouldn't have the courage to try to write this letter
after all these years if I didn't"need to more than I
need noi to. Suddenly I'm aware that for years I've
needed not to. I could have tried to call you on the
phone. I know the name you use now. Probably we
live in the same city. Or I could have ç,alled yr nìother,
I know where she lives. lm not brave iíke that.
I dont know where to begin. t havent thought
about you in years-the proof that meínory is political.
Then, a few days ago, I went to the country to visit
Barbara Deming. We had a talk, painful and intense,
that brou$ht me right to the thought of you.
Barbara and I first met ten years ago od the David
Susskind show. We were there to talk about jails. I had
spent four days in the Womens House of Detention in
New York City. Barbara had been in jail several times
on civil rights and peace marches. We had mUch in
common. We were both pacifists, both women, both

down a street black and white together. They were arrested, jailed, in jail .they fasted, they were released,
they walked down a.street again black and white together, they were arrested again, jailed again, fasted
again, and finally released again to walk down that
street again, black and white together. That unjust law
crumbled before the strength of their conviction and
.

@a'f

"Letter to M," is from Ruins, ør unpublished collect¡on of letters to people in a lìfe. Andrea Dworkin is
the outhor of Woman Hating (8,P. Dutton, 1974).

-/

@ rszs by Andrea
4 WIN

;
talked, e4ch of us, of what it was.
For me, those four days haC been a devastating
nightmare. Two doctors had brutalized me during an
internal examination. I was 18 years old, ignorant of
so much. For the first time, I was forced to lie on that
examining table, feet in stirrups, no sheet to cover me
or give me the illusíon of safety. They stuck steel in
- me, hurting me all over with their hands and with
their instrumentq. The.pain had been agonizing and
mysterious. I did not know what they were doing or
wþy. As one doctor kept manipulating the cold steel,
the other sat watching me and taunting-'me. With their
hands they pummelled my abdomen until I cried out
in pain. When they were finished añd I was rg,turned
to my cell, I found that I was bleeding. I bled for 15
days, telling myself it was my period or that maybe it
was syphilii. When I did finally go to a doctor (and
by then I was terrified of {octors), he said that I had
been bruised and injured internally. lt was a nightmare, one I still live with and through ten years later.
On the television show, Barbara described jail and I
described jail. f told how my vagina was entered over

*

and over again by rude hands searching for dope or
told how I had been raped by the hands of
those doctors, by their instruments.
We tol4 what we knew about who the other women
prisoners were-black and poor.women, prostitutes
and junkíes. We described the filth, and the dreadful
slop that was called food.
Then I spoke in a way that I have deeply regrëtted
since. I said that lesbianism in that jail was "rampant,"
brutal, aggressive, terrifying. And it was, to me it wal
The threat of sexual assault was always present. The
dykes were "like men"-macho, brutish, threatening.
I had come out of that jail terrified of wemen-wanting never to be touched again. ln jail, onç of the
women I had been arrested with had been held down
by a group of women, and again, trer legs spread open,
her vagina entered. I was sickened and confused'and
disease. I

committed to civil disobedience as a serious political
tactic and moral act. Barbara had written a book
called Prison Nofes which is the story of how she and
others were arrested on a peace walk iñ Albany,
Georgia. They were arr'estô¿ because they walÉåd

û',r(

i

Dworkln

horribly afraid.
As I'sat in Barbaras home ten years later, she told
me what it had been like for her to sit there, a lesbìan,
unable to speak, maligned, anguished. She told me " .
what it had been like to sit there, a lesbian, silent, not '
able to address me directly and authentically. She said
to me then, ten years later: "Of course we couldn't
talk. Those men were between us. Their world stood

.

between us."

I must tell you what this meant to me. First, t
understood, for the first time in my life, the anguish
' of lesbians who are unable to live fully and openly in
the world, robbed of pride and selfhood, robbed of a
sexual identity which is nourished by visibility and
dialogue. I felt what it must have been like to be
silenced by that kind of fear, I had some idea of the
kind of fear it was because Barbara is a woman who is
heroic¡lly strong and brave. She walked ín the South
and risked her life. She went to jail and risked her
life. She acts according to her conscience at the risk of
her life. I have seen and known this to be true conwtN

5

sistently over a per¡od of many years. Whatever fear
she felt when she walked down ihose southern streets,
still she walked. Fear of revealing her lesbian ¡dentity:
silenced heç. lmagine fear like thãt.
Second, I saw vividly how my own iif. would have
been different if women had spoken the truth to
women as I was growing up. All of the years of childhood and not one true word about women loving
women. Growing up, in school, reading books for
every scrap of information about life, every ray of
light that might show how to live bravely and tenderly-and nothing about.what would have mattered to
me most. This seems sillv to'say, it is so obvious-and

yet sometimes I can

see hÒw the whole shape of my
life would be different if these silences had not existed
No one taught us our her¡tory or anything at all about
our lives as women. lt seems perhaps silly for me to
mourn it now. Except that sometimes I feel ¡t in the

saddest way.

But the first time I met Barbara, when I was 18,

I

was in a specific desperation. My life did depend on

knowing the truth. I had been horrified by my four
days in jail. I was in terror. My skin crawled afterwards when. a woman touched me in the most casual
way. I had made love with women before-but those
had been tender meetings. Now, in jail, something difPhoto by Rose Jordãn

of that, we fought over our new friend. I was maddened by it, enraied, betrayed. I set out to win her

ferent had happened, and I did not recognize that the
one kind of erotic intimacy l'knew with wotnen had
anything at all to do with that other forced, terrifying,
threatening intimacy. I did not connect my own personal erotic relations with women witþ anything I experienced in that jail. I had never'named myself a lesbian, so I thought, they are lesbians and thot,isles'
bianísm. I connected nothing. I was frightened and
mystified.
These last ten years would have been different if
Barbara had been able to speak to me."l needed,her so
very muôh. I am saying, of course=if only things
werent as they were. The fact ij that in 1965 women
did not speak to women 4t all, and lesbians d.'id not
speak at all. There was no womens movement. There
was no consc¡ousness raising, or,understandiRg of
dominance and submission, or forthright talk of
homoerotic love. There was no deep{hought or dia'
logue on male-female sex roles, how we act them out,
what that méans. I didnt know why the women in fail
were "like men"-boyfriend and girlfriend, rapist and
victim. t could find no way out of my'terror and
Barbara could find nq way out of her silence. We were

'

.

locked into isolation from each other.
As I talked with Barbar4 ten years later, I thought
about you. I remembered you, I remembered us. As I
sat with Barbara, I remembered us and understood,all
at once how the same system of masculinist values,'
male dominance, seÍual repression derived fiom the
oppression of women, had come between us, taken us
from each other and from ourselves. I thought, where
is M., and why have we not yet found a way to talk
about who we really are, what we were to each other,
what happened between us. The silence between
women has kept us locked in isolation from each other

for

so long.

You and I were best friends. Remember how that
was. We did everything together, went everywhere
together, then called each other on the telephone as
soon as we parted to discuss every def,?il of every
event that had happened when we weÉe together. You
were a þainter, brilliant, forceful, disliked by teachers
and parents because you were outspoken, immodest,
ambitious. Yr very posture and bearing refuted their
authority. I was a writer, and we always talked to
gether of how we would be artists one day. During
'
science class we both worked on our nove'ls. Yrs was
about a woman named Belle who was horribly poor,

rq
ë.

lived above a saloon, and was going to law school
against all odds. I dont remember. mine. At yr house
we would -take yr pastelt and draw. You painted. You
wo'rked mostly in oils, sometimes water colors, and
you had an astonishing talent.
We loved each other as two girls often do, and when
that love exploded into touching and kissing and passion, When that eroticism suffused oui bodies and
brought us to each other, and all night long, neither of
us knowhing anything conceptual or verbal ábout
what was happening.between us, we made love, all
consuming, passionate, tender, lusty love, over and
'over, neither of us knew what had happened or why

or what to call it or what to do about the next day or
the day after.'And so, in the morning we went to
school, the 8th grade I think, and continued to act
with each other as we always had. Only we were
driven to crushes on the boys with new resolve. We
didnt sleep together again.
Then we both fell in love with another girl. I think
now that we probably still wanted each otñer but
didnt know that so we loved her. Whatever the truth

and I did. Then she was my friend and .you werent.
Then yr mother took you out of school and sent you
away. You had some sort of nervous breakdown. I
wonder,,did you tell yr mother what happened? I
r
wonder, did you know? I didnt. Everyttiing iusr hap' I
pened, there were no names;',no shame or guilt, al'
most no memory. After you left.l was lonely, I felt
remorse, even grief. But I didnt know why. ' ' 4''
Within months, by the time you were 15, you l9ere
fucking a 35 year old painter with assorted exwiveis
and children and models who tried to kill themselves
when he left them. You were insanely in love with
¿
him. You never finished high school. You stayed with
that painter for many years. You navigated through
his exwives and suicidal mistresses and held on ruthhad yr nose fixed and yr hair bleached and
" lessly. You
curled. You wore ruffies. Are you with him still? I saw
yoú once in New York when we were 18. I was going
to Bennington, you were a cocktail waitress. You were
. a.þeautiful woman whose presence in the world was
dntirely circumscribed by the costume'yóu wore
(tarty and demeaning) and the ba$ard wþose mistress
you were. All that I know about you since tkien is that
you changed yr name and stopped painting.
When we saw each other that time, the love'was
still between as, the eroticism, our old camaraderie. So
many shaied hours and days, so many shared dreams
and ideals. And yet we didnt speak one honest word
to each,other. We babb'led about men as I remember
it. I didn't say then, because I didnt know then, you
were my first love, my first lover, I loved you then and
I love you still. lt wasnt until I talked with Barbara
that I saw the silence between us ad atrocity-cruel,
damaging, not of our making as the world is not of

our making.
For me"this ineans now to end the silence wherI find it, to give the love a f ame, a way of be¡ng
in the world, so that young girls who love eêch other
as we did can live that love fully and ioyously. We had
a right to love each other and that right was taken
from us before we were born. We should have lived in
a time and place where that love could have grown as

, ever

we grew, so that we would not have been deprived

.

of

, each other as sisters, lovers, and friends over all these '
years. lt'is too late for us to reclaim our childhood
but we can imagine a world in which we could have
known each other fully. I believe that we have to
create that world.
I have this fearful picture of you now.-as wreckage,
scar tissue, a pai¡ted qmpty shell, yr boyfriends aging
refuse. I hope it isnt true. lts too"{4te maybe for it tq
matter that now I know something about the wounds r
inside you from that time when wè were 14. I wish it
had been different. I wish I had some kind of magíc
that could take the hurf out of you. I wish we could
have been best friends forever, or at least until we
grew up. I wish we were best friends now. I wish I
could hold you in my arms and kiss the hurt away.
. I hope that this movement of worhen, this ocgan
of womens love and feeling and new presence in the
world, has reached you as it has reached me. lf it has,
then along with the pain, along with the full recognition of our loss, has come. some measure of healing. I
hope that sisterhood sustains you, and that through
it we can find each other again. At this moment I
would give my life to be.with you again.
tm so sorry, so grieved over what you went throughl

,

Andrea

6 WIN

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Only a lesbian can have no slake in the social system. lt is a system run by men, for men, at the expense of women. Straight women, eveh those who call
themselves "feminists," are still tied to men and
dependent on their tolerance and goodwill, which il
wtry ttrey cling to issues like equal pay-and birth cQl¡;
trol. A woman who has no vested interést in men r
wouldn't bother. Gay menl because they're men, can
always repent their sins, find a,tvoman insecu're

.

enough to marry them, and be welcomed bäck htûo
the sfstem as pioper executives, proper businessinen,
generals, professors, proper anything, as lon! as they
have a woman trapped at home. Orrly Lesbians have
ì
no place in the system, because we are, indeed, a
threat to the entire social structure. Lesbians are
dangerous. And if little girls ever learned, at their
mother's knee, that they could grow up to be lesbians
instead of housewives, the system would collapse in a

ð

T
E
S

N
Photo by Rose Jordan

A couple of weeks ago a just-met dyke asked me,
across a beer, how'leSbians see themselves in relation
,to the now-ongoing world:wicle revolution, and I said

t

l'don't relate to itatall,
it isn't a revolution as I understand such " '
things. The examples of the "worldwide revolution"
that she chose for reference happened,to be the Arab/

'personally, as one lesbian,
because

lsraeli wars, the wars in Vietnam and Cambodia, the
Chinese, leg¡timized by Nixon's visit and their supe¡b
ping-pong teams (also.PekinÊ Duck), and other such
goings on. I had to answer honestly, dyké-to-dyke,
that I don't relate to thot (or those) revolution(s) ât
all, since they aren't re-volutions atall, just men'
swapping guns and power back and forth among them.
selves, business as usual within the "brotherhood of
man.r' Any ov.erthrow is only one group of men taking
power from other men and I couldn't see how such
things have anyth¡ng to do with my life, since that's
the way it's always been; aftei all. And, even though
the women in some countries, like Chin4 seem to be
better off than womeh in the United Staíes, the fact
remains that only heteroiexuol women are better off;

Jqlia P, Stonley wos a member of the New York chøpter of the Daughters.of Bìlìtis in the 1960's, and a
recipient of thot orgonìzøtlon's Blonche Baker scholarship as an undergraduote, She holds the PhD in Engllslt lìnguÌstics, and wos recently.elected to the Commlttee of Publlc Doublespeok of the Nattonal Councìl

of

BY Julin P Srnnley

Teacherc of English, She is o foìuniling membèr

of

the Lesblan Herstory Archives, and ø member of the
Gøy Acodemìc Unìon..She is an independent scholor
and llves on a farm in Tennessee.

I have yet to hear about.the quality of lesbion lives
improving in any country, r'ftardless of the politics of
o the men in power. ln fact, lesbians are defined.as a
disease of bourgeois decadence in Communist theory,
so I can't see trading one jail cell for another. At least
the general confusion in the US canrwork to our advantage. (More on confusion shortiy,)
As I went on to explain that night, for me there is
'only òne revolution, in any sense, and that's the
femìnist revolution, the only one that men can't relate
to except to subvert it by ridicule, or by constantly
asking "Where do we fit into their revolutions? " or
"Where do they fit into our revolution?" Of course,
men are always preoccupied trying to figure out how
they fit in somewhere, anywhere, because they can't
conceive of the possibility that they might not fit into
women's lives and might not be the focus of our
existence. Men can't tolerate indifference. They'd love
for us to exþend energy hating them, but who has
either the desire or the time to waste? Or, how do you
construct answers to pseudoquestions?
As I was saying, the Feminist Revolution is the
only revolution because it's the only movement calling itself a revolution that questions everything we
know, or think we know, or have been taught to want
to know. There are some women who call themselves
"feminists," (which should teach us nevèr to confuse
the label with the r,eality), who spend all their time reassuring men that this revolution is for all human beings, in an effort to assuage their insecurities (purposely ambiguous), and ayoid the inevitable violence and
hostility, the traditional role of women-placating
men. But the only place for men in tåis revolution is
on the other side.

:

very short time.
lf this is true, where, then, are all the lesbian
political theorists and analysts? Where are all those
'lesbian ievolutionaries waiting for a,ch4nce to over"
throw this system in whích they have no stake? This
is the confusion I mentioned eadier; this is the com.plication I alluded to. Most lesbians are hiding within the system, hoping to live their lives out anony'
mously, hoping to "get by" with as little discomfort
as possible. Every'lesbian knows she's an outcast in
our society. That's the first lesson she leàrns. Then
she learns to fear discovery. Then she learns to "pass."
We ø// know we don't "belong" in a society constructed for the needs and pleasures of men. We a//
know we're dangerous to that system. But what we
'.'
haven't yet learned is how to enjoy being outcasts.
Until every lesbian cherishes her difference, until
we all know that our analysis of the sitgation is valid,
there will be no Feminist Revolution. Ti-Grace Atkinson saw this and.outlined the situation and the
strategies accurately. Lesbians are the "buffer zone" ' '. .
between males and straight women; if lesbianraren't :
a part of The Revolution, there won't áe a revolution.
From her perspective, however, she was urging straight
feminists to support lesbi'ans, to claim.them as their
sisters, lest lesbians sell out to male power and prerogatives. As she outlined the political situation, there are
the lesbians, the buffer zone, then the stra¡ght femin- ..t,
ists, and. in back of them the women who are opposed í"
to feminist politics. As she analyzed it, the straight
feminists will get caught between the two zones of
women who are in the pay of the enemy, lesbians and
non-feminist straight women, like Phyllis Schlafley.

And that danger is real.
i
But at this point, I'm leisódncerned with the plight of the straight, prorevolutionary feminists than
I am with what will happen to the pro-revolutionary ,r- ,
lesbians,

out in the buffer zone, labeled as'"criminals"

'

by the male system, and kept invisible by straight
women and gay men. We are "out therer" so to speak,,
alone, and some of our most dangerous enemies are
our sister Lesbians who have opted for a cash pay-off
in return for their political silence. lt hos 1o be.a cash
pay-off-that's all the male system.has to offer to a
lesbian! The lesbians in the United States who are fully committed to the idea of a feminist revolution are
very few, compared to the numbers of n¡en and

..

-:-,

straight women lined up against us. lf we aren't te
þether asa political force, there isn't much hope for
any real change in the existing social structure. Until
each lesbian goes back into her own past and reclaims

wrN 9

her original analysis as an outcast, until we all remember w.ho we are, a world. (l,d settle for a country!)
structured in accordance with the needs of women
wi,ll remain an empty and unattainable ideal.
While the political analysis of Ti-Grace was accurate, however simplified, she did not explore the complexities of the politics among lesbians. For this
\
reason, her analysis, although dim, was more optimistic than mine. Unless lesbians can unite as a

strong, political froni the straight women will sell
us out to the men in return for equal pay and a few
minor changes in the existing male legal system. At
the first sign of overr hostility from men, lesbians will
be the first to be sacrificed fôr the safety of straight
women, especially those women frightened by the
logical conclusions of a feminist analysis.
Caught between straight women and men. one
would think that there might be some cohesíon within the buffèr zone itself. But what I find is the same
dispersal of energies and lack of focus typical of the
feminist movement today. Lesbians, as well as straight
women, are so involved with male politics and malJ
theories that we haven't taken the time to construct
theories relevant to our own lives and experiences. At
one extremer are the lesbians who are still maleidentified-their energies are totally commítted to the
male system, to making money; these lesbians refuse
to questi.on the.basic premises of their lives. They still
cannot accept the proposition that their Lesbianism
has any significance, and I don't know what it would
mean to them if they ever tried to come to terms with

their identity.
On the next level within the lesbian zone are those
lesbians with some political consciousness-just enough
put their energies into getting what.conscjousness to
"The Men" have-male political power oñ mde- political
terms. And two or three of them have even succeeded
.in obtaining traditional poliiical offices as leibians, but
"domesticated" lesbians nevertheless. The differenêe
between the politics of these two level is slighl Both
groups are committed to the acquisition of male power
on male terms, but the'first group will not accept the
necessity of proclaiming their identity.
At the next political level are thosä lesbians whose

q.

t

totally bommitted to fighting for legal
reform within the male system. Usuãllv.îhev are
members of predominantly gay male organizations,
and their time is spenr fighting straight men and thâir
legal system,.and they believe that their energy is well,
spent in working with gay men because thev6elieve
that, after all, we're "all human beings.', ln iraditional
political terms, this group of lesbianiconstitutes the
"liberal" or "moderate" political faction within the
buffer zone.
The fourth polítical level consists of those lesbians
whose energies are commítíed to working with straight
women within the feminist organizations. Some of these lesbians remain invisíbbãs lesbians, while others
ãre open about their identity. The indiviáual situation
depends upon the consciousness of the orsanization
and the individual lesbian's commitment ó her o*n
identity. To a large extent, whether or not a lesbian
works as a lesbian within a women's organization will
depe.nd upon.her willingness to commilher energies to
making straight women deal with her as a lesbianl Howenergies are

'É

t,
r.

t-.

iç "'
þ,'l
l. ",,

Ì..
i;.

þ;

1. I am-indebted to Sahil A. Cavallaro for her ldoa regardlng
the exlstence of potiticat tevets w¡thtn the L€sblan Búff€r
Zone as it has b€ên dgñned by Tl-crace Atklnson ln
AMAZON ODYSSEY.

|.:..

t:.
þ.::

t.,

rI

I

ever these individuals choose to work out their individual situations, their primary energies are devoted to

other women, and it is this gut-leveliommitment to
other women that distinguishes our revolution from
every other,movement. Until we becorne willing to
work only for women, with other women, we a-re still
in the "pre-revolutionary phase."
Nevertheless, both these levels of lesbian political

action focus on trying to force accomodations within
the existing social structure. The fifth identifiable lesbian group consists of those lesbians whose political
energies are committed to working within a'lesbian
organization. These organizations provide us with a
lesbian-centered awareness, a space within which we
can define lesbian. goals in accordancé with our own

priorities. However, these organizations also establish
alliances with both women's and gay male political organizations on issues defined as relevant to lesbian
political goals, defined within the terms gf the preexisting male social structures.
Up to this point, the political orientations of the
five levels remain primarily "reformist,', and lesbian
energies are focused on seeking ways to make a place
for lesbians within the str,aighf malô political hierarchy. Although these lesbiãns can fórce some concessions from men, power will continue to be concentrated in the hands of straight men, and political
change will remain at a minimal level.
,There is a sixth level of political awareness within
the lesbian buffer zone, and it is at this point that lesbian revolutionaries merge with the most radical of
the straight feminist women, although it is probably
not accurate to even refer to these feminists as
"straight.' (Her9 I am limited by already existing
labels and the distinctions that they signal.) These
women have recognized and accepteditrà iâgicalconclusions of feminist ideology. They know th-at no accommodation is possible within a male political framework,,and they have acted on their knowledge. They
have moved as far away as possible from theienters oft
straight male,dominance and influence. But there is
only so far that a woman.can go, because men run.the
world. There's no way around that unpleasant fact.
We cannot go to another planet yet, añd until some
other alternative presents itself, the'most realistic
feminist solution consists of móving óut to the edge of
the male political sphere of power ãnd there consõlidating ourselves around the concept of womencentered lives. lt is at this exireme of tt¡e iesUian Uuffer zone that we can begin to define our solutiòns
wrthrn our own terms and thus construct the foundalign gf Lesbian political power. lf we do not accepr
this alternative and act upon it, we have no need for a
Feminist Revolution or a lesbián perspective. lf wo
still ca.nnot acr upon our ideals idniiä"niiv,'we ¡ecome Just another movement of the discontented
seeking a larger slice of the male political pie.
Although I know that this pariicular analysis is
oversimplified, perhaps it can give us a starting point
for consolidating the lesbian community. Just as I
have moved from one political extreme to the other
ln my own living so each of us must make her journey,
and, the levels merely define a space within whiðh we ' '
evotve our own political analyses, as we move from
reallzation to action. By understanding and accepting
the levels and movements within our community, we
can set about helping each other and building a strong
tesbran community in which each of us constitutes a
.

The Lovers
I can taste grass in our glasses
and earth in our

bed.sheets.

r'.'

Wouldn't we have been wonderful if Vesuvius
had made ancient cerainics of us?
This morning's orange iuice would
still fill half the glass on the arm
of our blue velvéf chair, and
our cigarettes would languish in'the tray,
frozen in the stale evening air. '
Each ash would be a fossil of our breath.

'

Excavators would chip around your slipper ."
under our bed to find the heel of my shoe
resting on the edge of your sole. rrl
They would dust around your one exposed breast

with tiny brushes, careful
to unpreserve

a woman.
As you sat there, they would drill the pen.
out of your posed hand to find

For Margaret Rose
From Rita Mae

the first letter of my name
dropping from a stone.
After they dismantled you
they would pack you, dropping
styrofoani beads into each perfect line.
You, the artless,statue of a time.

1

God, but people love you
When you write poems of pain.
Weep and wail

And the critics are yours.
Well, Sisters
I been up the road
And I been down the road
And damn but the sun shines once in awhile
And I do love that sun
I love this earth
And I love myself
. \.
Hell, I'd love you too
lf you. folks would pi'y yourselves
out of that existential time warp.

Then, they would look for the other,
their soft boots sucking up the dust
their chisels release from my dinner plate.

,

I would stand stone-stoic to face

out my palm
and peels pumice from mY. wrist.'
"The wrist is too small," he saYS;
as he withdraws his tools.
"Far too small to belong to a man."
He directs his efforts to where he guesses
the scientist as he scoops

there is a

breast.

And while,l'm testify¡ng
Let me tell you th¡s
in lusty red and thunderous black
Honey, this child not only is going to survive
This child is going to triumph.

J¡

He picks away the sandy Vesuvius spit
and dents my nipple,

"That's it.t'
As they try to yank me from the flcior,
they think of the slipper and the shoe-

So sister can you love me strong
Can you love me joyful, outrageous and without
Until you can lóve my power, woman
You ain't got 4 movément

where they were found.
I break at the ankles, from their haste.

I am packed.
Four'inferred breasts.
They suppose t was your guest,
but they leave behind
my two feet on the ground.

And you ain't got me.
_RMB

-Sahli

l.

Cavollaro

lin k.

Photo þY Rose Jordän
10 WIN

i

the groups for which they are performing to take care

Kây carclner. Drawlng by Cârol Cloment.

f¡rn

of things like publiciry
Most óf the publicity about these musicians still

!'r
,t"t'

a

.i',a
a

is

very scanty. Goodness knows how many women l , '
don't know about and hence whose names do not appear in this article due to the inadequate p.ublicity
system that exists!
However,.there is a group-the Women's Music Network (WMN)-that seeks to give thèse women artists
the back-up support in termi of publicity anð è'óncêit
arranf,ing they need to develop their music.
;
The Women's Music Network was founded in late
1973learly 1974 as a corporate structure to handle
the business aspects of the Lavender Jane Loves
lUomen album, and most of the original members
were involved in producing and distribution of the
record. Since then the WMN has grown into an organization w¡th a defin¡te set of.by-laws for membership and structure and a definite set of purposes as follows:
'1.

to organize, sponsor and perform and participote irtr
reëîtals, bënefìt5 concerts ønd performartèe for ond
obout women
2, to orgonize, sponsor, perform onâ partìctpote in
workshops¡ non-credit courses, lectures, ond other
reloted øctivities designed to further the educotion of
women ond to increose their knowledge.of the htstory
and development of the women's movement in music
3, to organize, perform, sponsor and porticipote in
meetings, dlscussions, foiuths ond semìnors furthering
the exchange of information reloting to women andmusic.

(

Recently I spoke with Marilyn Ries and Nancy
of the network to learn how the network
operates and how they are actualizing their purposes
Sheiger
as

i,e
!\

l3T l¡vilno D. $lnrplro
One of the most exciting developments in the grow-,
in! independþnt woments cultuie, of which I ai a
lesbian-feminist am a part, is the proliferation of the
pgmber of mu,sician-songwriters such as Casse Culver, '
Meg Christian, Cookie Cirillo, Alix Dobkin, Maxine
Feldman, Kay Gardner, and Willie Tyson who present

lyrics supportive 9f the independent woman's iifestyle with accomplished musicíanship and professional
performances. The music these new lesbian-feminist
musicians_ pre_sent to their audiences goes way beyond
the.ballads of pain strummed_by the ione guitar-¡ilayer
in the early movement days. First, the women know
many different musical instruments. For example, Kay
Gardner's sets.include r¡tual flute pieces, Meg Chiístian
ptay-s classical'guitar and autoharp,
J"rriän. ñilà"rlV is
proficient on the marimba and Cass'e Culver's performances include pieces on the piano and on the
guitar. Among th¡s group a variety of musical styles

Lynne D. Shopiro has been active in the llomen,s
Movement since August, 1970. tJntit recently she was
editor of the New York Radical Feminist Néwsletter.
She has wr¡tten articles obout women in music for
Rock Mogazìnç, Ms. ond
.,

Changes.

are repres€nted-rock' n'rol l, cou

..
.

n

try, iazz, pop,

classical, European folk,,American folk anci new
women's ritual music. Their lyrics include themes
about the many aspects of being a woman, about the
ins and outs of being a lesbian, and about love situations.lesg exploitative than the

"l

want to possess you,

baby" situatíons in pop music.
..- Fgr many of these women, music has been a way of
!]|. -fq a long period of time. For example, both Môg

Christian and Kay Garner have master's degrees in
music. Many such as Alix Dobkin, Casse Culver and
Maxine Feldman have been performing in clubs and
coffeehouses for five years or more. Nõw they devote
all their time to composing, arranging and performing
otten going on extensive tours all over the country.'
And more and more are going into the recordíng
studio. Alix Dobkin, Meg Christian, Maxine Feldman
and Willie Tyson already have records out. Casse Culver, Margie Adams and Chris Williamson are among
those who have albums in the works.
But it takes more than being a ,,right-on woman,'
and a good musician to make one's music go. There
are many, many details that go into performing that

have to be taken care of: arranging for a conceit place;
scheduling performances; 5etting up a concert place

for seating, lighting acoustics; tra4sportation of equipment.and personnel; publicity; selling tickets; and
clean-up after a concert. All of these involvq infinite
complications and hassles and a lot of detail work that
takes away from the tíme and energies of a performer.
These problems are encountered by all musicians.
Those who choose to be involved in the comrhercial
music business and experience moderate success within it usually have these details taken care of by the
record company or. conderthall publicists promoting
them. But many of the musicians who are part of the
independent women's cu.lture have deliberately chosgn
not to be part of the commercial music world where
they can be pressured to produce only rnusic that
"makes money," and can't always pick and choese
audience or place to play; or'where the promotion
department prefers a woman to.be sexy, cute, or fit
some man's image of some woman he wants: So
instead these musicians play to women's groups
(though not all the women'mentioned cinfiné their
performances to women's audiences), in coffeehouses,
in colleges and at music festivals..They cut their
records on independeht labels such as Women's Wax
Works, Lima Bean, Rounder, and Olivia Records. And
they depend on friends, supporters, and members of

WMN is composed of 13
among whom are a professional sound
engineer, a lawyer, publicists and other women il.r..'
tensely interested in women's music. None aie
musicians themselves.
I questioned Marilyn and Nancy about the politics
qf the network. Many of the women, if not all of.them,
are lesbians. ls that deliberate? Do the performers they
support have to sing a particular political line? According to Marilyn, there is no conscious separatist move
to include or exclude any kind of woman from network membership and the chief focus of the members
when.they decide whom to support is a performeÍ's
willingness to give her energies to women.and women's
music and the quality of her music and hBr musicål '
abilities; But all the members m0st'ëxpress a strong r
enthusiasm for a musicían in drder for the networÈ to
feel that all the energies of the group wíll be sufficiently behind the work they have to do to su.pport

'

'.i

¡1.

,

her.

The Women's Music Network supports performers

in many ways. They have on hand names of women
musicians all over the country and groups interested

in booking these musicians can con[ac,t the network

for their names. ThUs they act as a clearinghouse for '
both the musicians and the bookiñg groups. They are also working to expand the mere tiiting of musicians
to a tape library through which people and groups interested in women's music can inquire about musicians
and hear their music directly. This will provide a direct
opportuníty for women mui¡cians to bi heard all over
the country.

12 WtN

WIN T3

The \,Vomen's Music Network also sets up concerts
in the New York City area. They have set up concerts
for now.defunct Lavendor Jone group, the Berkeley
Women's Music Collective when they were on tour
and, more recently have been organizing a concert for
the many women who play jazz.
york City
.. . .Their biggest effort so far was the New
Women's Music Festival they produced with the
Barnard Women's Collective in February 1975. ln two

the quality of the music immensely. And the Women's
Music Network plans to expand this dialogue between
wcjmen musicians, perhaps by starting a newsletter.
Lastly, the WMN is beginning to take an aõtive role
in expanding women's knowledge about music and
vúomen's role in musical history. Members have given
workshops at conferences and schools educating
women about all facets of music including how to
producê a record within a non-commercial culture,
how to compose, how to set up a women's music network and how tö work sound systems.

nights of concerts they presented New York City
women with musicians from all parts of the country
and into many different musical styles-Alix Dobkin,

Like most women's groùps it struggles along meeting expenses by sharing the gate with the artísts it supports. No one works at ¡t full-time which of course
limits the work it can do. But its members are ambitious and seem very dedicated to the growth of a
women's musical culture.
The prospects of what can be done with women's
music excite me. TIre more I get into living an independent women's lifestyle the more I need music'to

Lou Crimmins, Casse Culver, Meg Christian, The Pennywhistlers, Kay Gardner, Alice Gerrard and Hazel
'Dickens,
Margaret Sloan and Althea Waites. WMN
hopes to make an album.of .the festival.
The WMN is also interested in supporting the
growth of ¿ community of women musicians who can
play together and develop their music and music ideas
together. One could see that this was already beginning
to happen at the New Yor[ City Music Festival where
Kay Gardner performed a Èitual dance piece with four
or five other women musicians. Not only does this
growth of a community enable women musicians to
work and grow with their peers but also provide5 depth
and variety of tone for the listener's benefit improving

Casse Culver at

the hassles betwe.en me and the outside world.
But at the same time popular music appeals to me less
and is less relevant to what I'm thinking or feeling.
I'm glad that at this time there are efforts being made
to connect me with the women musicians who can
ease

speak

the piano. Drawlng by Carol Cl6ment.

Three Gypsies
a.3

3 Young Gypsies

a riding out one day

Stopped to bathe
One was dark and

bodies in a

The third, a silent

the way

& fair

another
the

ade

wove m

of sky
eyes

hit ls

their love

it

Un fold sang ,to them a new

d.

of cream & rose, hair of
yes

of

the

fair

golderi cosmi c over d
The burning in he belly, rh e fire n
-¡

young women went

\

Ms.

ts

with
ask themselves to
every limb is sacred.in
the lvrng water; breath
Rece tve the c lean ng fire, kn

me.

c

they beg
r holy trinity

ng out

I

ies.

While I was in Europe, I becainevery close to á
Brilish woman who was a very militant feminist,'andl
she traveled with us for a whiie. Then I decided io gef
involved with the Women's Movement when I came
back to this country, and I wanted to do women's
theater, although I wasn't quite sure what that meant.
But I knew that I wanted to do theater with women,
and I think it was in that Fall that the Burning City
Women did a women's play, which was probably one
of the first women's plays which was. presented: lt was
episodes from their own lives. So that year, seveiâl
women who were working on Rot got together for
several sessions and didn't kñow what we were doing
and elidn't quite believe we should be doing it anyhow.
And one of them broke her rib and went óff to California (we won't mention names, but her. initials were
KJ), and I tried several times after that to start â.,
women's theater group. A group Jeriann Hilderley
tríed to form from Burning City Theater called themselves Painted Women Theater and stayed together for
about a year and managed to put together one play
which we performed.
And then I ran into a Nãtive American'woman whom
I had known from the Open Theater-l was close to
several of the people in the Open Theater. I saw her in
the street one day, and she said: "Do you know anyone who's doing women's theater?" And as I said in
our play (Cyctes),1 said to her: "Can you imagine
theater with Third-World and white women?"
! womèn's
(Laughter) And that was the beginning of a collaboration between the three of us-Laura, who had been active in Weathermen and who came oüt of a Left background, and Muriel, who had.very strong connections
with both her family and Native American culture and
,who was managing to do the extraordinary thing of being a professional in the theater world without giving
up in any way her claim and her attachment to her own
culture.
So we worked- for a year together and didrr't quite
know what we were doing. Then Laura sáid that she
had to leave soon, so we put together a piece before
she Jeft and we decided it would be about the first eight
months we were together-juxtaposing things from our.
own lives (scenes of how wQ came to be whó we are) ,
with the development of our relàtiórßhip with each .e
other (how when one meets new people, one has
fantasies about each other, and about how the others
see us-beginning there and breaking down the distance, that separateness to a place where we felt a great
attachment to each other and what the breaking down
of those barriers means). That's what Cycles was about.
We were very surprised how much it seemed to
mean to women and how well it was recieved, and
people thought that it must have been so difficult to
put together. lt was so intricate; it seemed to combine
(which we felt it did too) a kind of standard of theater
and art together with a very strong personal and political statement. And it was difficult to say to people: "No,
you know it wasn't that we took months and months
and months working out the intricacies of this." lt was
because we were working in a very organic way with
the materials of our lives. lt was a completely intuitive
,

KAR|-A

'AY
I met Carol Grosberg about five ygaçs ago. I first
remember her as a dynamic force behind Rat magazine, on which we both worked after the womeh had
seized it. Carol's real love, however, was not thg
magazine, although she worked haid and long on it,
but the theater, and almost before I kngv it, sþe- had
recruited me into doing feminist guerrillä theater. My
career as a feminist actress was short-lived, unfortunately, as you will hear in the interview, but Carol went
on to form other groups, and most recently she was
one of the three members of the Womanspace Theater
Workshop which produced, wrote, and performed the
play Cycles, I and apparently the rest of the allwoman audience thought the play was marvelous.
(See my review of the play in WlN, 6113174.) Aside
from the beauty and craft of Cycles itself, the play ,
awakened in me visions of a feminist cultur.e, in whích
"the theater will have a large part. Therefore, I invited
Carol to drop over to my apartment to rap about herself and about the theater, and I'm now inviting you
to eavesdrop on our conversation, which I recorded
with her permission.

Karla: What happened on your way,to Lesbian theater?
Carol: I don't have any kind ôf background in theater.
I think I was brought up like a lot of middle class
people in not having any kind of understanding of the
arts. No one in the family was artistic, and I felt the
theater was rather frivolous. Kids could gaint and dance

until they got old enough to do things that-were more

eirlw/Eu

First
gr-een

to

Carol Grosberg on LesbianTheater

serious and worthwhile, and then they stopped.
And although I was always very interested in

theater, I maintained that sort of feeling until I saw
the Bread and Puppet Theater up at the Putney Schoql
with Peter Schumann Iits director] , and I was transported by it. They did a toten-dance Ia deatñ dance
which Peter first had done on the streets in Germany]
and from then on, it was completely magical. The next
summer I saw them on the streets here, and I realized
that politics and art could go together, and so then it
was all right to do something which was considered
closer to the field of art. I remember that first yq,ar.too,
after I had managed to help Peter sell some of his
block prints, he asked me iri his indirect way if I knew
any people who might like to work with the Bread anJ
Puppet Theater, and I thought and thought and
thought, and I couldn't think of anywho who I thought
was extraordinary and talented enough to work with
them. As I realized later, that was þis very índirect way
of inviting me to do it, but it seemed like the furthest
thing in the world from anything I could do. So I became involved with them off and on for eight or nine
years and eventually I went to Europe with them for
eight months.
Karlo Jay is a frequent contributor to WlN, Her next
anthoioþy, After You're Out (cøedited by Allen
Young) will be published in November by Links Books.

wtN
14

wtN

15

i
piece.
knew

lt wasn't worked out-we went

over parts and

things didn't feel right and we would take
or rearrange things, but it wasn't a meticung over ot each part that people thought it
have to be to create a work that finished.

Karla: The real struggle lüent on before you actually
got to the piece:
Carol: That's'rîght. The best material came from things
that happeñed outside the workshop-misunderstand¡ngs thatiwe had because of cultural differences, because of the places we each came from, the way we
perceived each other from our own backgrounds, and
beginning to talk those things through. I think that I
would like any theater l'do after this to be a little less
literal, and more impressíonistic. lf d like there to be
more movement; more music and less verbal story-telling. I think there is a way in which the nonliteral can
go deeper because you don't have those cerebral defenses set up.

Karrla:'Are you aiminS at what'Antonin Artaud was
talking äbout-theáter as a complete experience? (l hate

to quote a man!)
Carol: Oh, abscilutely. ln fact, one of the things w.e have
to do is take valid experience from wherever we can
find it, and then shape it as our own. I think that the
greatest male àrtists were androgynous: in order to.
create Ereaf art,a man has to have a very large element
of feminine sensibility or feminine spirit, and I think it
would be a terrible waste for us to think that we have
to start all over again. I mean that there are men who

q.
Ð

have important things to say. We have to have enough
confidence to take what's valid and throw away what
isn1t. I think that's the fear that a lot of women havethalwe won't know how to sepaiate out what's valid
and what's shit, so the tendency is to say that it's all
shit.
Karla: What kind of theater are you working on now?
Carol: Well, I want to do lesbian theater-womanidentified theater. I think the latter term makes more
sense.

Karla: There's really no good word for us. You moved
from male theater to feminist theater and now to les
bian theater. ls this shift a natural development of your
lifestyle or were there some difficulties in working with
straight women? Obviously, you're making a division.
Carol: l.rnean it's hard to tell. I do feel that there were
some diffculties, a,lthough I wouldn't have traded the
few years I worked with Muriel and Laura for anything.
I can't say that if I had at all known, I would have
worked with lesbians. That was terribly important, and
! feel a tremendous attachment to both women, and I
always will. We were ver! honest in a lot of the things
that we explored. But there were a lot of barriers, and
I think that if you want to go very deep into an exploration, there's a very big differen-ce between women who
are male-identified and women who are women-identified, and that it gets in the way of so many different
things.

Now I want to work with women who have a sense
of their own strength and their own value as women,
who understand something of how we've been formed
by a male culture, the ways we've reacted to it, and
the ways we've been destroyed by it. We need to begin
searching for a way not only of rebellion but of alterna'
tives-how do we become stronger as women-identífied
women in a society that in every aspect tries to destroy
any kind of independence or any kind of deviation
from the norm?

Karla: And you're trying to express these politics in
theater form?
Carol: Yes, and it's interesting. Yesterday I was driving
a taxi (l'm a cab driver), and I happened to drive a customer, who was a male painter, out to the airport. We
got into this whole discussion about art and politics..
And he said, "Well, if you have a direct political intention, you can't create a good art." And I think that
that's been true to a large extent, but that's because
art's been defined as a male art within a whole masculline culture.
Karla: Then what you're saying ís that a political/cultural split is a male trip; it's a false dichotomy.
Carol: That's exactly what I'm saying, Karla. (Laughter)
I really believe that with all my heart. The deeper we
can go into our private souls, the more universal will be
the message or the communication that comes out of it.
You take the simplest, mosi everyday kindof problem,
which every woman has. For.example, we were talking
before you turned the tape on about paranoia. Paranoia pervades women's lives. I've just discovered it in
my own life and in talking about it with other women.
lf we were to explore this sort of private hell of continual distrust and apprehension, I would find that my
perceptions of it are something that are shared by most
women. And maybe in beginning to explore ¡t theatrically and nonverbally with music and dance, we would
be able to exorcise some of the hold that that*ind ôf
paranoid way of looking at the world has.
Now you said before that a lot of the paranoia isjustified, and I think that's true, but I think some of ít
isn't For example, if I had a lot of conflicts about loving
someone, and some of those conflicts would come out
as negative towards that person. lf that person were
paranoid, she could see it as a kind of malevolence
towards her. ln facf, ít was really an expression of my
own conflict about loving.
Karla: How are you going to get these feelings into t
theater? Will your new theater also be "organically'
grown?"
Carol: Oh, absolutely. I can't imagine working any
other way.
Karla: And will it also be multi-dimensional-music,
songs, and everything?

Carol: I thinlcso. The group I'm going to be working
has a lot of feeling about music and movement. f
certainly want to work with them myself.
Karla: What are some of the technical problems you
have doing vr/omen's theater? ls it difficult to get a
place? Would you rather work. on a regular stage or do

with

you just need an area?

Carol: I don't know whether you'd call it a technical
problem or not, but I think the most diffcult problem
comes back again to our contact with other women. Let
me give you an example from Cycles When we would
go someplace to perform, we simply were not taken
seriously as a professional group, not only by the
theater departments, but by the feminists themselves
on the campus. I mean i.t's something we're all familiar

with: we're angry and rebelling against the Man and at
the same time we've bought some of the beliefs that
the Man has about ourselves. So consequently women
don't know how to get money from the campuses, and
they'don't really demand the'same kind of standards
from their own cultural groups.. I mean they want good
theater or music, but they often express contempt for
any kind of thing which we'd call "professional.'l The
anti-professionalism is really valid because professional-

ism in the old terms means male professionafsm, but in
of places we haven't found an alternatiüe and it's
the old proverbial throwing out the baby with the bathwater. That sórt of thing.
Or they want things ior almost nothing. I think
that's one of the really difficult qu"estions within the .
Movement; Hqw do we support our own culturé? lt's
true that there's not much money within the community. Yet, our cultui'els going to flourish. Uñfortunately, we live in a culture where money is needed.
.That's a bi! question: What kind of financiat demands
does a revolutionary lesbian/feminist grÖup ask of íts
a lot

audience?

Karla: Why do you thin k that nów' in an era where lesbian political groups seem to be floundering tliat our
cultuie is flourishing so much?
Carol: Well, I think the first part of the WomeTr's Movement was absolutely.essential. But thç þeginning of
things has a cerrain rhythm and euphôliaôf *rat ¿¡scovery, and once that period is over, people find out
that there's an awful lot of shit to deal with and find,
for example, that the fantasy of sisterhoocl is somewhat
more complex and diffcult than simply saying: ,'l love
all my sisters." Working together, we're the children of
. 5000 years of competitiveness and distruslLand
with
two years in the Women's Movement that doesn't all

fall away. And there was a kind of naive expeCtation
the first two years that it would all go away and it
didn'q and I don't consider this a ietreat at all but
rather another step, this breaking down into small
groups working with people, whom you can trust and
whom you know. I think an art begins to develop as a

culture develoþs.
One thing I haven't talked about theater is how
closely it is connected with the arts women are
developing. lt's really a sacrqd art and movement-it
,tsuches on the deepest and moif univers_al experiences,
and.there's a way in which we're finding our way back'
to the origins of art which lie in a sort of religious expression.

Karla: Are you talking about rites of paÉsage and so
forth?
Carol: Yes. ln a way, the political théater that is being
done in the'Women's Movement has brought a politicãl
purpòsefulness together with-a creative, iñtuitive source
for that political expression, and what's happening
now is that theater is becoming a sort of exorcism-a
recognition through participation in that theater. More
and more the barriers won't be there, and the audience
will participate.
And it does have to do with exploring our sickness
and understanding it and exorcising it and finding new
forms and in a kind of intuitive way discovering ihem.
'fhe origins of myths is in ritual. The myth whiõh was
spoken úas correlative of the rite which was acted out. ,
It was only later that the myth became an explanation
of the rite and it was com¡iletely separated, and that's
supposedly the source of all liteiatúre and þoetry. We,re
sort.of coming back to that. ltrs not a going backwards,
but it's a finding of those deepest places and finding
them for ourselves in the context of Western sobietly, of
.womel in.'1974 in a highly technological country, rrytngfo flno out how to use that and notbe destroyed by it.
It's important to see that we do have roots aná a
past. We can't survive if we live in that pàst. We have
to find a way of bringing from that past what is relevant'
to us and combining it with our present experience. And
that will be the new thing for our kind of place, and
that's what our theater is about.
.

carol Grosberg; photo by. Rose Jordàn.
16 WIN

WIN T7

The l{eed

l
l:.1

'l

rl

AL

I
'It

BY IuneRook
The suppression of an oppressed group's history is
probaþly one of the most effective methods of maintaining and ensuring that oppression. Without an historical or cultural background people cannot authenticate their identities or provide role models which instill feelings of validation and self-worth. ln his futuristic novel, 1984, George Orwell portrãyed clearly how
this suppression of personal and cultural history helps
destroy the human personality and creates instead a
mindless, obedient, monolithic block of sub-human
,

creatures.

Therefore, when an oppressed people begin to cast

off their oppressioñ, they must begin to find and control their own history. This process has been evident
in the'past two decades in the Black liberatjon movement,,and more recently in the women's liberation

q.

¿

movement. For example, many Blacks have reclainied

their African cultural heritage, worked to spread .
knowledge of Black people of historical importance

f

.

and created numerous Black studies programs in
schools, colleges and in their communities

Similarly, many feminists haye begun digging inro
the past for information about ancient matriarchies
and many are researching biògraphies about women of
more recent times. Some women have also become involved in setting up women's studies programs in both
establishment colleges and universities and also in grassroots alternative universities and "womén's schooli."

And now that the first wave of gay liberation

has

passed, we lesbians must also reclaim our cultural
heritage and our lost history. We must smash the false
mirror-image of ourselves held up.to us by our oppressors.
We should no longer have to hear that all too

, Þrâwlng by June Rook.

familiar story-my story, and that of countless others
who in the anguish and confusion of.our emerging
sexual feelings (and unable to tell anyone about those
feelings) ran to the library or the bookstore and
searched for some supportive, calming information
on what it mean.s to be a lesbian. But at best we found
condescending, journalistic reports of the sordidness
and sleaziness of the "gay unde.rworld," by suih

writers as Jess Stearn and Donald Webster Cory. At

lune Rook lives in New York City. She is currently
trying to resurrect "lost" lesbìans.
i
I

It wlN

@

worst, we found the'medical and psychological texts
that dealt with lesbianism as a pathology-ãn ügly
aberration that our "enlightened" society attempted
to "iorrect," sometimes with the aid of methods such
as electric shock therapy, institutionalization, or
,'lobotomy. ln some cases the libraries refused to put
even those books out on the shelves. And of course,'
how many of us dareá ask for them?
The situation now is improved at least somewhat
There are books written by Say sisters and brothers
which provide a more realistic and supportive picture
of our lives, but we still have a long way.to go. Fôr
every book on gay liberation on the shelves there are
stíll four or five by people I,ike Caprio, Biebêr and
. Hatterer who either try to chanþÞ us or describe
us as
less than fully human.
But we are working to change our obscurity and
the distortions about our lives into a visible, tangible,
' lesbian culture. ln many places in the United States
and in Canada, lesbians are organizing in order to recreate, gather, research and maintain our history which
was mostly destroyed by a homophobic heterosexist
society. ln California, the Lost Angeles History Collective, which was started in early 1974, is studying
matriarchies, witchcraft and lesbian culture.
ln Chicagò, a lesbian library called the New
Alexandria Library for Lesbianwomen has recently
opened. At present it consists of a lending library of almost 200 books, a reference section including bibliographies, and an audio section containing tapes of
music, poetry and interviews; The library is currently
being r.un on a voluntary basis by four women.
And in New York City, the Lesbian Herstory
Archives have been formed and the women involved
are collecting and cataloguing material by lesbians. ln
addition, there are numerous lesbian newspapers appearing monthly in most major cities and in many
smaller ones. Some lesbians have even begun collécting
their own private archives which, hopefully, they will
someday share with other sisters.
Although most of Sappho's poetry has been lost to
us-burned by the early Churctr fathers-there exists a
large body.of work by lesbians that is virtually unøpped and that is in need of research and resioration.
This includes the works of women such as Renee
Vivien, Romaine Brooks, Radclyffe Hall, Wanda
Landowska, Marie Laurencin, Liane de Pongy, Eliza-

beth de Gramont and others. We must ål'so'"rediscover,,
those lesbians whosé very existence¿nd whose contributions are as yet unknown to us. Fof example, lhany of
us have heard of Rosa Bonheur, a major 19th century
artist,- but how many of us have heard of her companion of some 40 years, Nathalie Micas. Micas was an ex" traordinary woman-a sculptor, herbalist, vetBrinarian
and village "medicine-woman", (who used her own'inventions in her practice) ãs well as a patented inventor
who created the Micas brake for steam, locomotives.
Lesbian archives should have several purposes. One
goal should be.the establishment and preservation of
all kinds, in all media-books, diaries, newspapers, letters, pamphlbts, posters, microfilm, tape recordings,

video tapes and artwork by lesbian artists. AnotheÈ
goal is to ensure that our material is used by us-that is,
we must guard against the misuse of the material by
those who may seek in some way to distort it and
credit us. To do this we must remain as independent as
possible. We must guard against accepting funding
from any source that will try to dictate who (i.e.,
academics only, or those with credentials of somê
k-ind) can have access to our material. Hopefully, even
if we must remain small at first, word of óur suóóesses
will spread.andpther lesbian groups will form for the
same purposes. Eventually, we migl¡t be abte to put
out publications sucli as lesbian history newsletters and
magazines through which we can share our discoveries .
with our gay sisters in other areas.
Another way we can encoúrage the growth of les-,
bian history is to work for, even demand, the institution of lesbian and gay studies programs in our

dis-

leges, schools and community centers.

col-

:

,..

Alsq we can

check out our local libraries-if they are l4cking in information about lesbians, we must demand that they
acquire-bookson lesbianism which are written by leibians. \{e must organize wherever we caà to reac'h as
màny of our sisters as possible, for almost as ¡mportant
as reviving our culture and passing it on to each other,
ib the establishment of a body of creative works abóui
the lesbían experience that has been created by le*
bians.-We must no longer tolerate being definód as '
"the Other" by straights. Our history iian ongoing
process-the more works we have by lesbiansfthemore lesbian history we will have. And it is ub to us to
make sure that there exists a plethora of posiiive,
knowledgable, supportive, an| flrct-hond materiai for

our sisters.

.lune Roòk 1975

wtN t9
I

I

fore five hundred people at a Rally to
Free Bobbv Williams in St. Louis. At
that rally, Williams made his own plea
for freedom via long-distance telephone from the Terre t"rt:ñ:,;:ï"rU

¡

O

È-

DACHAU DOCTOR

I

--

I
I

I

SUSAN SAXE PLEADS GUILTY
TO BANK ROBBERY: STILL
FACES ROBBERY & MURDER
CHARGES IN BOSTON
Susan Saxe pleaded guilty on June 9
in US District Court to charges of bark
robbery, conspiracy and theft. ln exchange for the guilty plea, the government has agreed that Saxe will not be

är

þ

compelled to testify, even under a
grant of immunity, in any proceeding
about events that occured from 1969
to the present.
Pre-trial hearings in the previous
week had seen the introduction of extensive evidence against Saxe, including letters that she had written to
Katherine Power about the'1970
Philadelphia bank robbery. Power is
still free and is listed on the FBI's ten
most wanted list.
Saxe had eluded capture for 4/z
years while she was on the ten most
wanted list until March 27, 197 5
when she was picked up in Philadelphia. She pleaded guilty to charges
of bank robbery, conspiracy and
possession of a molotov cocktail in
the holdup of rhe Philadelphia Bell
Savings and Loan Association and to
theft and rèlated crimes at the New-

buryport,

Mass. Arsenal.

Judge Alfred L. Luongo said th4t
Saxe could be sentenced to up to 40

years in prison and fined up to $30,000 for these crimes, but the government recommended prison terms of
not more than 10 and 2 years to be
served concurrently. The govern ment
also agreed not to prosecute Saxe "for
any possible involvement in bank robberies in Evansten, lll., and Beverly

Hills, Californía in August 1970" or

for alleged purchases of weapons in
Portland, Oregon.
Luongo said that he ùould delay
the actual sentencing until Saxe is
'tried in Massachusetts on state charges
'of bank robbery and
murder for the
September 2,6, 1970 holdup in Boston that resulted in the death of police20 WIN

BOBBY WILLIAMS
TO GO FREE
man Walter Schroeder.

"The sentences are based on the
government's understanding that I will
give them nothing ever, not in ten
years, not in a hundred years," Saxe
in a prepared eight page statement
that she read to the court.
"Over the last lve years," the statement read in.part, "l, like many other
women who came to politics through
socialist, anti-racist and anti-ímperialist
causes, have changed, have grown, have
emerged a feminist. I am no longer ''
content to be just one strong woman '
fighting for a revolution which, though
it is just and necessary, does not speak
to my own highest aspirations, my
own most personal and immediate
needs. I have emerged a feminist, a lesbian, a woman-identified woman.
"But most importantly, my feminism does not permit me to collaborate
in order to reduce the amount of time
I will have to spend in prison. The
agreement I am entering into today_is
made on the condition that I will never
testify against Kathy Poúer or give information concerning anyone I have
known or known about in the past five
Said

years.

"My femi¡ism'does not drive me into the arms of the state but even
further from it. Feminism is not collaboration.

"My guilty plea is predicated on my
understanding that as of this dato the
government has agree{ to end its investigation in Philadelphia. .. .The
government would never have agreed
to end its investiagion here if it had
any hope of success. We have made it
clear to them that we are together and
unafraid, that our comrnunity is closed

to their threats, closed to their

lies,

closed to divisive tactics, that we w¡ll
stand together and protect what is
ours, our homes, our organizations,
our friends and lovers, our private

lives."

-LNS

:

Bobby Lee Williams, imprisoned civil
rights leader from Cairo, lllinois, will
be released from federal prison on
August 20,1975'. The decision to
release Williams came yesteiday at a
hearing of the US Board-of Parole.
The hearing was held at the US
Penitentiary at Terre Haute,"lndiana,
where Williams has been imprisoned
since last September.
Mrs. Betty Lee, chairwoman of the
National Committee to Free BobbY
Williams, said the decision was "a
victory for Bobby's family, his friends,
and the thousands of peoPle who
worked so hard for his freedom." Mrs.
Lee said she had hoped Williams

would be released immediatelY, and ,
she urged Williams' supporters

tcconr

tinue to contact the parole board and
the prison. "We must make sure Bobby
is treated well until his release," she
said.

Bobby Williams was sent to Prison
after three trials and convictions on an
alleged federal gun law charge. Twice,
his convictions were overturned in
federal appeals courts. Each time, he
was retried by special prosecutors from
the lnternal Security Division of the
US Justice Department. The charges
against Williams were originallY
brought during racial disturbances in
Cairo, lllinois in 1971.
On the day Williams was sent to
prison, his familY and friends organized the National Committee to
Free Bobby Williams to help him win
his freedom, Later theY were joined
by PROIJD and ENGAGE magazines,
the St, Louts American, Argus, and
Post-Dispatch, the American Civil
Liberties Union, Women's lnterna:
tional League for Peace and Freedom,
many churches in lllinois and Missouri,
and many individuals across the nation.
A month before Williams'parole hear'
ing, Daniel Berrigan and William
Kunstler urged Williams' freedom be'

The Urban League report points
out that the number of fobs held by
black.persons decreased by 436,000
in the first quarter of the year, while
the number of blacks listed by the
government as officially unemployed
incieased only 329,00Ó. "ln sñori,

But War Resisters League pointed

out in its letter to Mayor Beamel
"While our organization is not involved
in the Cuban issue, it follows that the
CIA must have been involved in other
political bu.rglar,ies in Näw York City.ô
And the bulglary of the peace organization's office bould have been only
political, since the only thingstoþn

107,000 blacks gave up looking for
work.and dropped out of the labor
Last September the US lmmigartion .
force entirely."
was the membership files.
and Naturalization Service removed
Furthermore, the report continues,
-Jinì Peck
Dr. Hubertus Strughold from its list of " "Blacks accounted for almost all of
"Reported Nazi War Criminals Living
ACTIONS SPEAK
the increase in unemployment in the
i
in the United States."
LOUDER
nation during the latter half of the
Strughold, as head of Gerinany's
quarter
'1975.
first
of
Of the 49,000
A_nother European country is now
lnstitute for Aviation Medicine, was
new,officially unemployed workers
offering its banks ãs'tax havens and
directly responsible for the deaths of at
between February and March, 47,000
shíelds from the'eyes of prying invesleast 500 persons at Dachau concentral . werp black.
tigators. lts English-language'guide
!
tion camp from 1942-44. The victims,
other highlights in the report inbook stresses, '1The secrecy oÍ your
mostly.fews, Gypsies, and Russian
clude the following:
account
is guaranteed by law. No kind
xBlack unemployment in poverty
POW's, were subjected to simulated
of tax is due for the amount in your
high altitude/low pressgre conditions,
areas is an estimated 50%.ànd even
accou n t. "
exposed to freezing cold, or forced to
higher for teenagers.
There's no interest for small
*Joblessness among Vietnam
drink sea water. (According to the
depositors,
but oüér $ 1 0,000, brings
Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, 90
veterans 20 to 24 years old rose to
returns up to 7%.
prisoners died outright during the
30%in the first quarter of 1975, from
Liechtenstein? Andorra? Luxemfreezing experiments, wh ile another
22.7% in the last quarter of 197 4.
burg?
Nope, Hungary.
*The
200 who survived were executed so
unemployment rate of marthat autopsies could be performed.)
-Dollars and Sense
ried black males, usually least affected
Strughold was slated to stand trial
among blacks by economic downturns,
at Nurembergin 1946 but his name
doubled from 5% or 172,000 individuwas myster¡ously removed frpm the
als, in the last quarter of 1974, to
ROCKY GOES UNDERGROUND
list of defendents. lt was later revealed
9.8% or 338,000 by March, t
that he had been secretly employed by
that time as a "scientific collaborator"
with the US Air Force.
. 'From '1947 to 1968, Strughold'was CONVICTION
employed by the US Air Force and
Zsuzsanna Budapest, a radical feminist
NASA. He was head of NASA's Aerowitch in Santa Monica, California, has
space Medical Division until 1968 and
been convicted of fortune telling by a
is known as the "Father of US Space
'.¡ Santa Monica municipal court. Buda:.
pest maintains that as a "bona fide
Medicine." Strughold is also the only
person ever to hold the "Professor of
religious representative" she is exempt
Boston's Real Poper, one of the most
from the section of law prohibiting
Space Medicine" title at the US Air
successful alternative papers in the
Force Academy.
fortune telling and believes that her ar- United States, has been sold for a
Currently he is a consultant at the
rest and conviction are political harassreported $321,000.
Brooks Air Force base in Texas' -CPF
ment brought about by her activities
The new owner of the Real Poper
as an organizer in the Venice radical
is a corporate group known as P.R.Q.
UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG
feminist community. She will appeal
lncorpoarted. The second largest stockBLACK PEOPLE HITS
the verdict.
holder in P.R.Q. is none other than
-Her-self
ALL.TIME HIGH
David Rockefeller, Junior, who holds
22 percenÍ. of 1hq stock. Rockefeller is
The black unemployment rate rose to
DIDTHECIA.....?
the son of thé Ch'àirman of the Board
25.7%in the first three months of
of the.Chase-Manhattan Bank, and the'ì,
The Doìly News lead story June 13
1975, according to a National Urban
nephew of the Vice.President of the
headed CIA burglaries in NYC bared,
League report releæed in early June.
prompted WRL to demand an immediUnited States.
a record 2.0 million black people
ate investigation of the still-unsolved
were unemployed during this period.
-WlN Alternatives Bureau
burglary of its office on May 9,1969.
The figures were based on a "hidden
The demand was made to Mayor Beame,
unemployment index" which íncludes
because the Doily News story estabworkers who have become discouraged
BRUTALIZED WIVES
lished "a clear link between the CIA
and are no longer actively seeking emHAVE NO LEGAL RECOURSE
ployment, as well as part time workers
and the New York City police departWomen who are beateh, knifed,
ment." Police had investigated the
who would like full time work. Both
1969 burglary of the peace organizasexually mutilated or otherwise atcategories are excluded from the
tacked by their husbands have virtually
tion, but without results.
Department of Labor's unemployno legal protection or recourse,.accordThe Daily News story dealt only
ment figures. But even their listing of
ing to a recent study conducted by
1.5 million black unemployed workers
with "'selected burglaries' against pre
University of Michigan law students
during the first quarter of 1 975 was an
Castro followers on Manhattãn,s upper
Sue Eisenberg and Pat Micklow.
West Side."
all-time high.

ESCAPES HIS PAST

DEPT.

ntt_r*,

,!

,' 'i

:

i.

:a

WIN 21

r

I

The Michigan-based study includes
interviçws with twenty women who
have béen victims of assaults by their
husbands, and with police, prosecutors,
and judges. Although limited, the study
exposes the widespread occurrence of
wife assault as well as offi,cial policies
used to sidestep prosecution.

According to the study, the official
response is that although "wife beating," with or without ã weapon, carries
a misdemeanor assault and battery
charge, "it's perceived as a domestic
disturbance, as a social problem that

somehow the woman tolerates, or
provokes, or likes iìr some way."
Eight of the twenty husbands involved in the study had previous
criminal records of assault, although
none had,been convicted of assaulti

The timei really are a chang¡n', but
not necessarily for the better. There
are no more Executive Protection
Service cops hanging out in front of
the Saigon Embassy in Dee-cee anymore. ln fact, unless you'knew it was

q

.there (possibly having been among the
thousands who attempted unsuccess,
fully, to stage a demonstration there),
you might wall right by it. Hanging
over the area 6f the building where
a sign once read "Embassy óf tire
Republic of Vietnam" is a hastily
lettered, hand drawn sign that says,
simply, "closed." Certainly a nice sign,'
as closed signs go, when you think of

all that went into getting it there. But

¿

while the cops have stopped guarding
the Saigon embassy, they've begun to
stake out the Embassy of lran, an
edifiëe just up the street which the
adjective gaudy comes close to
describing, yet doesn't quite capture
the singular vacuity of the place. The
cops are guarding it pretty much
every day now, and they had their
hands full when the fascist pshaw (sic)
of lran came to visit. Hundreds of
lranian students came from around
the country to protest the repression
in lran that has caused thousands of
revolutionaries and iust plain dissenters
to be locked up. Now that Thieu has
fallen, the US is diyerting its money,
and embassy police, to prop up

another two bit dictator. And stopping
the ruling class from doing it is going
to be much harder than in Vietnam, because there is a tremendous amount of
American capital at stake in the Middle
East. . . . . That's not to say that
American capitalists didn't lose something when Vietnam finally rose. The
difference is that what was lost was
essentially morkets rather than' capital
¡nvestment. Rolling Stone has quoted
the record industry trade magazine
'Billboard as mourning the "loss of a
major market" now that all the

their wives. EightY Per cent of the
women interviewed sought immediate
police protection from their husbands,
but despite repeated complaints, only
one arrest was made.

ln discussing police handling of

these assault cases, Eisenberg quoted

from the lnternational Association of
Police Chiefs' training bulletin used as
a guide by Michigan police:
"Avoid arrest if possible. Appeal to
the woman's vanity. Explain the
procedure of issuing a warrant . . .and
the cost of the court. Explain that

Iwomen's] attitudes Iabout pressing

charges] usually change by court time.
Attempt to smooth feelings, pacify the
parties. Remember, the offcer should
never create a police problem where

a
At{l)
N()$DS

too

there is only a family problem existAccording to the study, prosecutors
either try t9 pacify the victim or insist
that she show her sincerity about pressing charges by starting divorce pro
ceedings. One prosecutor interviewed
for the study suggested the following
course of action:
"These girls (sic) come to me and I '
know I can't offer them any protection. I ask them,'will your husband
be angry when he comes out of prison?'
She says yes, and I put my arm around
her and walk her to the door and tell
her, 'l can't give,you any protection..
Don't you think that for you safety
and your children's safety that you better try to patch up the marriage."

hundred million dollars worth of
records a year was what they were
taking in for a while. . . . . One of the
biggest takers of all in the record industry is Warner Communications,
which controls the labels Warner,
Elektra, Atlantic, Reprise, Asylum
and a host ofothers and, as a result,
controls a lot of whg and what you
get to hear. True to the nature of an
all absorbing conglomerate, they are
also beginning to control what you
read, esþecially if you've been reading
Ms. magazine. According to the Redstockings of the ll/omen's Lìberation
Movement, a radical feminist group

which has been researchingMs, Magazine's and Gloria Steinem's connections with corporate capitalism,
Warner Communications owns 25%
of the Stock in lØs., having invested a
cool million into the operation. And
if you've been wonderingwhy Ms.
devoted a cover story to, llonder
Woman, the army intelligence agent
of comic book fame, it might become
a little clearer when you find out that
Wonder Woman herself is owned by,
yup, Warner Communications. The :
Redstockings also have documented
that, despite Steinem's denials, she

Bullerin
Bonnd
lr
to
¡ut
¡

Frec

women welcome.

Freê l¡st Far East pen-pals. Please mention
WIN in your request. Ralnþow Ridge,
. Stehêk¡n, WA 98852.

-t

and much more. The catalqg is free from
GoodBoox, Bôx 437-W, Boston, MA

colfers'/F¡shêrmen Save-JulV/eusuìt
Only! NorthstaÍ Range Finder wiil help
low€r your Strokes, shows dlstance from
'Ball to Hole, No. GPR-7Oo, 95.95. Personal¡zed Range Finder, two llnesr cotd Letters,

Maximum l7 characters and spacos per l¡ne,.,Ì
No. GP-10, $7.95. Featherw€ight Space

Saver

Golf

Bag ellm¡nates n€êd

for "Hard

to Get" Caddy or Go¡f bag cart, No. eB$5.95. Self-Fropelt€d Flsh Lufe sw¡ms
under its own power with a tantallzing
iñsect-l¡ke sound, that flsh can't reslst, No.
LO82,52.75. Extra Fuel Peilets, No. 1083.
$0.85, Rush Order To: TONVCOTTONE,
Dept, G10, 5210 Palco Place, Colloge Park,
Maryland 2O74O.
8OOO,

OPPORTUNITTES

Avenue, New York, NY 10027.....
lf you have any extra money yourself, you should scoot it along to this

magazine pronto. The fund appeal
to have been going okay so far,
unlike so many others from organizations on the left. And there's a reason

seems

for that.'More than any other publication that I know of, WIN's readers feel
lhat they are the magazine. And We
are, of course. To keep it that way,
send some bucks along before you put
this issue down. . . . .That's it for now.
lf you'd like to see something in Bread
and Roses Too, drop a line to "172420th
Street NW, Washington, Dee-cee 20009.
-Brian Doherty

natlonal Party.

HELP!

Bo¡ssevain, Man¡toba, Cânada ROKOEO¡

,

ANNUAL SMOKE.IN Juty 4th. Wash¡ngton
OC. Fre€ pot and fr€e mus¡c! Youth lntèr-

02to2,

NONCOMPETITIVE GAMES for chltdren
ând adultsi Play together not agalnst each
other. Free catatog¡ Famlly pastimes,

rates for movement groups, papers,
and institutions, and are struggling to
keep going. lf you think that you
might be able to sell a sub to a political
group or newspaper or even a libraray,
drop a line to LNS at 160 Claremont

Where can you fnd Gene Sharp, Barbara
Dane, Gandhi & Mother Jonês alt to-

BARBARA OEMING ANd JANE GAPIN
read poetry; Th uts., 7 l3t 8¡ 30 pm, AN DR EA
OWORKIN speaks on råpe, ãt 59 S T¡nker
St., Woodstopk, NY. Adm¡ssion.92.OO. Att

Women's and other political records.
Willie Tyson, Meg Christian, The Human
Condlt¡on, Vlctor Jara and others. We're
an ant¡-capital¡st, collectively run store.
Bread. and Roses Community Music
Center,1724 20th Street NW, Dupont
C¡rclo, Columbla (DC) 2OOO9..

to LNS. They have monthly

HELP CREA TE A LEGAL.AL.TEFìîrtATlVE
TO PAYING WAR TAXES.'Contaaa"WpTF.
2111 Florlda Ave., NW, WashlngtoD DC
2OoO8: (202) 483-3752.

Th€ Woodstock Wom€n's Center Lecture

PRODUCTS

by company hired scabs, but you can
bet that the FBI won't do anything
about that, lf you know a group you
work with that would like to keep up
with the news, it should consider sub-

.

Ca- 92069.

.

gether? ln the coodBoox Catalog, along ',
wlth a batch of Vegetarlan cookbooks

'

C¡rculat€ pêtition to open new hearlngs'qn

JFK assagslnat¡on. For petitions send
(SASE) torsclDS, Box 453, San Marcos,

Series: Thurs,, 6/26,8230 pm, JUDY HOLE
speaks on femln¡st hlstory¡ Fti.t 6127t I prnl

New free catalog of 90,audlotapes of
the radlcal arts and pollt¡câl analysls:
GREAT ATLANTIC RADIO CONSPIRACY, 2743 Maryland Ave.,
Baltimore, MD 21218,

Seruice, Striking cement workers in
that American colony have been questioned by agents who want to know,
where the strike support money'is cbming from. Pickets have been fired on

Stockton, Callfornia 95206.

glvès MARXTST vi€wpoint on nationat
and international news. Speclal 8-weêk

triat sub., $r.oq. cuARD|AN, Dept,
Wl, 33 West lTth St., NY, NV lOOll,
(Full year $f2.5O, student $7.50,)

Paltz, New York 1 2461.They also
plan to publish a journal called
Feminist Revolution and are soliciting
subscriptions. . . . . The FBI hasbegun
to take a role in suppressing labor

ANARCH ISM-l nterested? Contact the
Woodstock Anarchist Party, PO Bôx l7l,

EVENTS

READ THE cuA RDTAN-newsweekty

s

scribing

2o wordr,
involv.cr
t¡m¡tco
. otneiwlle $2 eúerY 10 words,
no

Mtsc..'

MA-PhD MOVEMENT economtsts, potiticat
scientists, etc. MUST be abte to get grants
or raise funds. Sem¡-scholaily stucl¡es on
war-peace roconverslon, etc. READ Gross
and Osterman ¡'The New Professionãls,'
pp. 33-77, Studs Terkel .,Worklns" pp.
525-527, 537-540, Don Bi ggs,.Breaklns
Out." Mldwest tnstitut€, t2O6 N 6th St.,
432Qt,

PUBLICATIONS

filed reports on communist oriented
students while working on a CIA
funded project in the early and middle sixties. Steinem's connections
with the ClA, long rumored, are
documented in a press release the
Redstockings are making available by
writing them at PO Box 413, New

militancy in Puerto Rico, according
to a recent story in Liberation News
Americans have left Vietnam,,presumably with their stereos. Three

fVGw Midwest research instltute seeks unselff sh,. socially-conscious, n on-careerist,

kople's

ing."

NEW PALTZ.KINGSTON AREA WIN
READERS: WIN has att sorts of lobs ldeat
for volunteers (stuffing envelopes, proofread¡ng, etc.). lf you have som6 extra t¡me
and want to hetp glve a call-339-4585-ånd
come on over. lntangible beneffts provided.

STAFF OpENtNG: DTRECTOá oF
YOUTH ACTTON-persons should have
ablllty to creåte. and adm¡n¡ster the
organization of action.projects relaüng
to nonviolence, militarlsm, consclenca

and peace and just¡ce concerns. presently the youth program tocuses on militarlsm ¡n educafi on, counter-recruitment,
am_nesty and nonvlolence. poslt:¡on rÈ
qu¡res public speaklng, group work
and
w¡ll¡ngness to travet part time. Comm¡tment to pac¡fism and social chan96
through åctive nonvlolencè a must.
s-end-fesume to: F€llowsh¡p of Rocon_
crrratlon, Box 271, Nyack, Ny l0960.
r êt.r (9t4) 358-4601.

.

Hêlp Save Whales blilboards? ldeas, dona-

tlons. graphlcs, etc. to Whate Biilþoaids, r
1516 Munn, H¡ilstde, NJ 07205.

sAVE THE wHALEs,

eovcórr

JAPANESE PRODUCTS. Free I|t€fature,
bumperstickers, petitions. Anlmal pro-

tect¡on lnstitutê, PO Box 225OS, Sacramento, Cat. 95822.

I

ANTI-WAR AnfXOlOe V. Wanted poems,
longs, conscíentious objector statements.
Please send to Mark Kramrisch, 55 Camberwell Church Street, London SE5.
1 woman and I man, want to flvê on a communal farm w¡th natural ways. Sher or
Paul, Star Route l, Box 414, Reva, Va.

22735,

Woman, 23, wants work on sheep or horse
farm, thls.fâlt. Preferably Nêw England3
Jan Ross, Box 5419, Shorewood, Wlscòns¡n.

BUSINESS HEAD needq{ at WlN.
Prefer someone with publishing
background and/or movement fund
raising experience. ôrazy hours and

low pay but many intangible re-

wards. lf you are interested, tell us
someth¡ng about yourself. WlN, Box

547, Rifton, NY 1,2471

Wlsh to do volunteef work here or abroad.
Jack Manno, 47 Cedâr St., Apt.9, BtngF

hamton, NY 13905.

Nvc stMPLE LtVt Ne-nonvtotent,

soc¡at

change communlty seeks addlilonal ôct¡vlsts.
Cluster, c/o Kendrtck, 144-34 Viltage Road,
Jamalca, NY 11435.!

.S¡osbarrà

(?at Sr¡ivrtoh) to Soeak oh

FETVLTNI¡'¡ô.+IIIEFT
sAruRÞAY, JUNE Lg,g:3O ;.tÅ,.,
Ao¡rrrEs\oN $a.SO
Àr rHE hrooDglocK ARltSTs'
Assoct hÎ toN, wooritiq
ñv
f0 8ENÉfrüE .sloshhilÀ (pAÎ 5NIDiON)
DEçÉNSE FUND , spoNsgRED-ßiïùi
-ce-ÑÉR
lrùo 00 sT oc K wor\EN3

wrN 23
22 WIN

il

l

Contact Ybur Local

l

War Resisters Lcague Group
NATIONAL OFFICE
WRL, 339 Laf¡yatto St., New york Clty,
NY tOOl2

Some years ago Nat Hentoff
had the foresight to announce

that WIN was "the liveliest
publication ever to come ,uo,
tumbling out óf the peace
movem€nt."
Since then ¡he JAhob'Earth

REGToNALOmCES.

PEOPLE
CALL US

ì;î

wide network of freedom
fighters" and Ed Sanders commented that he 'lreads it and
believes it." (Now'he even
writes for it.)
This "engagin g" (Boston
Phoentx), "infl u¡ntial" (Poughkeepsle I ournal), "¿lways
provacative" (Boston G lobel,

NAIUIESII

t'

mend ed " (A k w e m s n e

'{
¿

"together" and the Llbrory
I ournøl characterized our
prose as "crackling with life
loving gaiety and hope."
Abbie Hofrman pointed
out that "WlN provides valuable information to a nation-

N

ores) beca

use,'w I N's

roiiff :it"ltfilT*"i tiä:ïì:;

the-beginning of new rrends ¡n radical and liberal thinking" (Bosro n Reit pgperl.
lf you take this opportunity to subscribe to this ,,com-pleiely noncommercial (and. cohesive, balanced, entertaining, and.provocative) periodic¿|,'
(The Notionl we'll send you a free copy of FREE FIRE ZONE ipubtisher's
price: $2.95), a collection of 24 short stories written by V¡etnam vêterans,
which,,in the words of the editors, examine ,'direct vioience add the subtlér
forms of cultural rape and,pill_a1¡el" Or you can have WINNING HEARTS
AND MINDS (Publisher's price: $1.95), a good book of pocms written "out of
fire and under fire." Both books are published by lst Casualty Pross, and
either one is yours if you act noW.
lf you alreädy subicribe why not givc a friend a gift sub to ,,the liveliest
magazine on the left" (The vtlloge volcel?

Ft.

San.Francisco, CA 94103.
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Cotolog described lVlN as

rj
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î

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V|ÖL€NCE,Box7477, Ailanta, cA

7

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