ffi 6 * r I T t 'w & 75-10 R FÛLÐROO1 R 8 L,FOLÐY ?.2?2 ELANCION Sß: CLEVELAT'¡D HTS sr'':#j ".! üH "4+10ó I .T, with the Army, Air Force and Navy at Scott Field, East St. Louis: Air Force Research - In WIN [10/17l74l itwas fortunate to see agood article on the world food crisis by Adam Finnerty. I would like tô add some additional ideas on what is causing famine worldwide. Sevèral trends seem to be inter¡elated and should be considered. 1) The capitalist economic system of the US consumes 4O% of the world's mineral resources ¿nd in order for capitalism to survive it needs to consume more and more through unchecked growth. 2) Estimates indicate that many of the world's mine¡al Íesources will be exhausted in the next 3O 100 years if consumption continues to grow pt the present fate, ey pecially US consumption 3) Many thi¡d world countries are increasingly demanding democratic control over their resources and àe no longer allowing American corporations to continue hoarding the world's resources. 4) For many yearq before Fo¡d's UN speech, Ameiican capitalism has used food as a weapon-most of Latin America grows US cash crops and imports essential food from America; Indochina was changed from a rice exporter to rice importer through US defoiliants; Allende's government in Chile was denied American wheat that wæ late¡ given after the coup, etc. 5) Adam mentioned bad weather as a major problem for world crops in the last two-three years-according to FAO Director Boerma the world faces a serious shortage of wheat and rice due to droughts which have occur¡ed recently inover 36 countries. 6) Earl Butz said recently at a Town Meeting sponsored by Mobil Oil here in Columbia that the world now depends on the US fo¡ rice and wheat; Hubert Humphrey at the same meeting said all of the world except the US and Canada has been experienceing bad weather; both of them refused to answer questions on possible Ame¡ican use of weather modification 7) In the last 25 years the American government/military has shown an unusal interest in weather modification warfare, es pecially agencies such as the State Dept, Weather Bureau, Agriculture Dept, NASA (which has put up a lot of weather s4tellites), National Security Council and the AEC; milit¿¡y interests seem to center mainly 2 wtN Lab, Hansom Field, Cambridge, Mass; US Army Ballistic Missile Base, Huntwille, Alabama; US Army Natick Labs, Natick, Mass; Army Ordinance Missile Support Agency, White Sands, New Mexico; China Lake Naval Base, C.hina Lake, Calif. and Wright-Patterson Ai¡ Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. RAND Corporation and Geophysics Cbrp, in Boston seem to have done a lot of research (Geophysics especially on the use of ¡ocket exhausts to cont¡ol climate). For the past yeff and a half I have been researching these questions and would aÊ preciate any information (spying) from anyone who lives near these bases We need to raise these questions with other countries befo¡e the UN conference in Rome in November. We need a nonviolent revolution in the US befo¡e its economic system destroys the world, How about some democratic economic ¡esistance (rent, tax, rvork, etc.) and a parallel government? Perhaps the Weatherpeople were right in Prairie Fire "Stawation, hunger and food shortages will unleash and sharpen all the basic cont¡adictions. The imperialists will respond with solutions like population control, war and greater monopoly power. But hunger is too stark and the conûict irreconciliable. This contradiction could well define the coning period." MARK LOONEY 2237 4OthPL NIV No. 3 Wæhington, DC 20007 Thank you for l4)e certainly apologize for our vety ern . barrassing errors. However we don't know why, símply because we have men on staf, that our erroß are not as$med to be accid.ental No one here ìntended or øen thought of exorclse (at present therc are no &tholics on staff), A wontan nade the origínal typogmphical enor, ønd two women rnísiedít in proofreadíng Typos whích arc correctly spelled words on their own are the hatdest to catch since prgofng tends to concentrate on spellíng mther than meaníng Of course we should hgve eught such an obvious contradictory error and we' apologize that we did not. -Wy Renouncing Sexual "Equality" hit the nail I whe¡e it I've got another concern. The horro¡s of breast cancer have been very forcibly impressed on me of late, along with thousands of other womerr" But the real thrust of my conce¡n is this: doctors are careless. They do not ca¡e to serve the people, at least not many, if my experience is any crite¡ion lives. Recently I was screened for high-blood I was found to have iLI went to two different doctors for trealment. Both failed to do a b¡east exam! Both listened fo¡ heart malfunction Imãgine getting that close (heartsare between pressure and breasts) and then neglecting such an imprinting my piece, Renouncing portant examination lt's criminal mal- Søcual " Eqwlity", [l0l L7 I 7 4], however, therd is an interesting important error. You printed: I am saying that men wíll luve to renounce their phallocentric pq" sonalities, and the prÍvileges dnd poweß gíven to them at birth as a consequence of tlat they wÍll hove fo exercise everything ¡n them that they now value as dístinctively "m,ale" ' I think you intended: I øm saying that men wíll høve to tenounce their plullocer tric personalities, and the privileges and powers given to them at bírth as a ænse quence of their bíology, that they wíll have fo exorcise everything in them tlat they now volue as dßtinctively "male" I wrote: I øm saying that men will have to renounce their phallocentríc penonalíties, and the prìvíleges and pwers gÍven lo them at birth as a consequ¿tnce of theír bíology, that they will høie to excise everytíng ín them thøt they now value as dístínctívely their bíology, Also, the name of my book is llroman -ANDREA DWORKIN -.New York, ñY Hating practice-not in a legal sense, but moral Women in genetal a¡e fearful of ælÊ examination, afraid of what they'll find" A lump can mean disaste¡, Not an irrational fear but definitely cowardice if succumbed to It is after all a life and death mattef, orC may well bc Sistèrs do not trust your doctors,.do it you¡selves or nake hím The life you s¡¡ve m4y be your -MARTHA BENDER Poway, CA own. In response to Allen Young's article, "A Trauma about T¡aile¡s" [WIN, 10/16/74], let me say that I disagæe with his aesthetics as well as his politics In my opinion trailers are far uglier when they are crarnmed together in t¡aile¡ parks than when they åre scattered about (especially in rural areas). The claustrophobic crowding of the units seems to be a far greater crime than the units themselves. Secondly, as a gay person "male" whose people are all conside¡ed legally "Exercise" is of course male, active, nonsingle, and many of whom are socially sensical in the context of the sentence, but single, a trailer seems like the right-sized most sensical in the context of male idenunit foi one adull Houses, although lovlier tity; l'exorcise" has a spiritual Catholic con- and often more lasting are simply too large, notation which I did not and would not, and apadments are often too small of simply choose but which you apparently chose for unwanted because they most often lack me; "excise" means to øcryrge, to. cut out garden space or off as a tumar which was and is preciseOn the political side, let me point out ly what I meant, which is why I chose the that since trailer parks are a relatively new word. concept, there are very few laws to protect This mistake is too meaningful, given their occupants. Since the occupant of a the powe¡ and pervasiveness of male fears of ttailer park owns his/her hailer but not the castration as feminists have begun to underground beneath he or she is merely a stand them, to be accident¿L tenant-but without evén the rights most I call.it to your attention, and I want tenants have come to expect or demand" you to call it to the attention ot your readers. The owners of the t¡ailer parks (who are i! corporaton) indiv,jduals were busted. I now see that please such left-Mccarthyist tactics-labelling acsuch tivists as !'CIA agents" or "police pro lawg does not apply to trailers), and it's a vocateúrs" because of political or personal more difficult and expensive task to vacate disagreements-ii dest¡uctive. I do not into cheaper territory when one has to take' tend to evel get involved again in such one's house along In addition, the tenants negalive, divisive political factional ñghts' whiCfrnturns people you disagree with into a¡e often at the ernotional mercy of the , "enemies," even extendingin Miami to the owners, who cán evict anyone they don't Zippie þomen being banned from the like-including hippies or gay people. womeri's center in our ofÍcq These are just some of the things Allen t .In,addition" I apologize for publicly should take into account before condemr¡ ing innocent people to trailer camp prisons ' pressuring A'J. Weberman, "Dylanologist, -KARLA.JAY garbologis! and assassinationologist," into New York, NY publicly apologizing to Bob Dylan, in our usually one individual or a can ¡aise the rents as often as they (rent control, even where there are ".Foot- pear at plùmovement concerts. I regret . ,'ittir pç."ur" it was public strong-arrñ tac- Some friendly criticism of Mackler's as a4 Addiction- lWlN, taff W"t"f¡inË l7l7al l0l'Thougî , ,ì, November 7 r 1974 / Vo!. X, No. 37 tics, which were unfair. On the Dick Cavett Shqw.rpcently, Mackler does note at the outset ',,j 4.' Under the'Cloak and Behind the .. that it is'mostly men who waich sports, his ' Cavè1t,said, "The¡e are "" *"lq_tJlf,fi;, óuggrtr The CIA in,Ch'ile'l NACLA analysis of the sources of sportswatching and I did not object. Actually YIP thfves. _ ^ .. :; irin't"r., of what "we" and what "Ameri' in communities'änd chapters:ac¡oss Ameri l2' McNamar4 Frei Blocked from BU ca. Yippies and Zippies ar9 1c!{ve ll.tb" Conference I M¡choel T, Klare cans" do (eg "we desperately need this activity. , ."i"tft" AmeriCan push for attain- guer¡ilä theater aná anarchistliradition that 13. Two Poems by Toby Olsen I had a role in evolving. I ruppoti t'rt.l ment . .,,). Firsf we should all be more "t--' (exyippie I longei a am no though tivitieq experience male talking aboul ío sensitive , 1 4. I sl a Vista Leaf,etti ng 1., cept in spirit), nor am I now inv_olved tn as if it were human experience, as this ilp.*t" päriü.¡ìå"¿.i.rtlp *iv'ii any 16. Daisy, Colby, Sophie, & Leo: An Open I article does Second, by not analyzing sportswatching as auniquely mâle experi- contacted at Box 392, Canal Streêt Station, LetteÎ"to Andrea Dworkin, et al. ence, as a response to the problems and Nlw York, NY 10013. : contradictions inherent in.the contemporary I ask the media to stop referring to me as a"'yippie" leader. My cwrent activity is, American male role, I think the article misses the mostimportant poll¡o¡ pLEcK I5: ffå'åî1if i"LH',5'¿ii*-äJ'äl$ih Ann Arbo¡ . MI Hiïf,lil!:i!iîiiö#ïîlif"uä'"" ceive back the vibrations we send out. ..Richard Nixon's fall is a classic niode!Ê example of characte¡ determining fate, For the past year, I h4ve been involved in a karma cleaning therapeutic operation called Fischer-Hoffman Psychic Therapy in which I experienced out my karma toward and ¡eceived.a loving divorce from my parents. I am writing this statement to clear up more karma. During the election year of 1972, I was involved in a misguided attempt to remain a national political leader of YIP during the conventions in Miami Beach. In that crazy activity I was in a gloup which became involved in a factional fight with another faction of YIP called the Zippies. I went to Miami hoPing to create an atmosphere to help McGovern. We set up an office, and then I moved out to work as a journalisL The office continued, doing community work with old peoplg but no sfueet demonst¡ations. In the end, the majority of the money from the book Vote which I helped write went to the authors and not to YIP' The Zippies came to Miami, in their own words, "to make trouble-trouble for McGovern, trouble for Nixon, trouble for all politicians, left or right!" I used my relationship with the media to help project the idea that the Zippies were either "police agents" or "police provocateurs," although I did not believe this at the time, or now. Tom Forcadq Dana Beal, Pat Small, and others Unfortuna{ely, at the end of the sum' mer, úarious people including these three in. -,,-,-, I am to the sociepolitical system we live And that makes life exciting .nqrcl; A coauthot of Lëah Fritz 17. ChangeS 20. Reviews - Cover: A student hoses down a wall at the university of chile to clean off politi- 'fi}'}iåHii :Ê'"';;f#tlff,yåilffHlI;U;:,* Voteresponds: The world of teft-tonem¡a ís fitled wíth out ín anguish índivíduals whose souls over deeds of øuld lang syne And it mendable tlat Mn Rubìn should seek ungnarl some of hß lørmaic lcnots. There are, however, yye {1c1ua! qrob' ty Allende. STAFF ít'cottti to Maris Caþrs Susan Gakárs 't! ' l. Chuck Fagcr Mary Mayo ,, Mark Moriis St¡sair p¡n'es , letns in some Wr* oî Mr. Rub¡n's.sta.tement Þri¿ nor* Martha Tholnases One of them ís in regard to the drision ol .: monies rece¡ved for the book Yote, which waspublíshediith,¡oaofl97T UN¡NDICTED .u,::j,, 'iii ¡i . Àccordíns to whàt t always understood, COCONSPIRATORS '' ' uittil ' ',: Mn Rubin's statement, was tliat the' monies for Yote were sptit 50'50 between Lrnc. B.lvl¡s Jsrry colÍn Lydnc Cofin Dlana Drvlcs Ruth Dgrr . YIF dnd the authors It is so stated at thd '' Anil'oav¡dón Brlan ooh€rtv sèth Foldv ' beginníngof Yote.Therefore, of a totatàdî!1ph olctt. vance of 33,000 ¿ottars,"fiír;;;rä;;- 1 *¡¡1,i.îtf.i,nt""åTlto'".,,,t"T,1"3å'å *.."'rnn prosefirutely 16,000 dollars, afr?r ileductiau':.'i,lái¡v.çz¡r ,B-.gky Joh¡son- ryancy.dohnson p¡ui l'òÏii¡on"'Alllson Karp€l Crals-Ktrp€l ¡' for agent'ifees Ireceiveda,to'ìàl oJ 5225 "dottãrs as my share, ry:rtt"_ú:y' È:il;ïn:;.1"::t'ffi[ 'üiiÎi"jì|fii:ik "!d,;l\t received the Mme fiã Ra¿-Ñd; igãi Boo¿cnro Nancy Roscn .. assumed that Mr, Rubin A¡lan Young-ï ' , ' tlat . was, however, my obsenation wendy Schw'rtz Art waskow woodward Mr, Rubín was erer and continuølly zealous to get as much nanev as poss;ible for hirc seliput of theYote proiect. So it-is -Box 547/ Rifton NcwYorik12471 It Bl'rly po* Mr. s¡tié, tnõusn I'm suie untíkely, that Rubin míght have secwed some extra por' tion of the proceeds which I never heard a'bout, or from the proceeds of the YIP art portfolío which I never heard øbout In that unlíkely possibility he certaínly would have nade armngements to send Abbie's sløre of it to Abbíe or to Abbie's family. Accordüg' ly, unless the above occuned, the splít re' nuíns 5o50. '" ., I Telephonc 91+339.4585 th. fr3t WIN It by th¡ Lst 4' rilN d. th. lv¡r -fi,r,i#:rr'i, WIN 3 .: I I ,.at The CIA in Chile UNDER THE CLOAK& BEI{IND,THE DAGGER For many years previous to the election of Salvador Allende, Chile had been the focus of much attention from the United States. lt had always received abundant inflows of cash and arms; it was the showcase of "democracy" for the Alliance for Progress, the testing ground for the Peace Corps in Latin America, and a focal point for the liberal economic programs of the United Nations. This history, combined with the current alignment of forces within Latin America in general, led the United States to the decision that its main objective in dealing with Chile was of a political nature. 1 The optimal scenario, as seen by the US ruling class, would be to engineer the situation in such a way that the overthrow of the Allende government appeared to be the product of its internal inability (and, most importantly, the inability of socialism) to satisfy the people. Chile was to become the example for the rest of Latin America that socialism does not work-that it is not a viable alternative to capitalism. ln other words, Chile was to be used to defeat the example of Cuba. The importance of achieving this political goal would mean that at least in the short run, certain economic and military interests would have to mittee approves all major clandestine operations abroad. lt is here that the basic tenets of the plan were decided upon. These included: 1 ) creation of economic chaos aimed at alienating the petit bourgeoisie and the labor aristocracy while disrupJing thê normal functioning of society; 2) use of paramilitary actions to create an atmosphere of chaos; 3) support for a well-oiled propaganda apparatus which would be used to confuse the population ideologically and to disseminate misinformation; 4) strengthening of right-wing sectors through covert funding, advice and resources supplied by the United States; and 5) debilitating and dividing the Left by exacerbating internal divisions and weaknesses created by reformist politics. These activities would create the necessary conditions for the three main prongs needed to cæry I out the overthrow of the Unidqd Populor (UP) govern' ment: the creation of a mass-based opposition, tlie ideological ând practical preparation of the military to ensure their successful intervention at the correct moment, the weakening of the Left by fostering in- '.:;:'' foreign offcers at the lnternational Police Academy. CIA recruiters pay particular attention to military personnel and students, both of whom are extremely upwardly mobile in Latin American Society ánd could provide a high-level government contaet in -the future. -ñationaÉ The foreign recruited by the ClAtorm the base of the resident structure and the key to.successful intelligence operations in the country. From 1960 to "1973 tens of thousands of Chileans participâted in these exchange programs. Between 1970 and 1973 the resident structure_in Chile carried dut a wide range of "projects": one case officer was in charge of overseeing the US plan of economic sabotage, another made sure that CIA"þlanted stofies got iñdo the ChiÍëän press, another oversaw the rietwork of "proprietaries" and conduits set up by the Agency to funnel arms and money to the right-wing and yet another had to make suie that all political parties were being infiltrated on the highest level possible. ln fact, most of the CIA's covert operations in Chile during the UP government were within one of these four areas: the economic offen- ternal divisions. activity. The class war which was being waged between 1970-1973 was not primarily characterized by armed struggle, but rather was an ideological war supported by tactical offensives in the economic and psychological arena. The formulation of the tactics to be üsed within this overall strategy, was the work of the " Forty ComThis article is excerpted from a lbnger report by NACLA, the North American CommÌttee on Latin America. The complete report is avoilable for $'l from NACLA, Box 57, Cathedral Stot¡on, New York, NY 10025. You can subscribe to NACLA's Latin American and Empire Report for $1Aa year. t' .. ::.. ' :? THE ECONOMIC OFFENSIVE Essential to setting the gtage"for a'coup d'etat was the creation of a mass base of opposition to the UP government and the fomenting of a situation of chaos which would justify military intervention. The . economióoffênsivê was designed to achieve these goals. At least three elements made up this offensive: the "invisible blockade," the manipulation of the world copper market and the priming of the black market within Chile. The United States, because of the degree of its control over the Chilean economy in the past and its dominance of international fi nancial organizations, was able to play a critical role in the manipulation of the Chilean economy between 197ù1973. The - -' -" strategy involved both covert and overt actions, and CIA specialists were crucial to, the carrying out and coordination of the two levels. The plan began to take shape even before Allende became PresidenL On September 29,197O, William head of Clandestine Services Latin Agrerica, called Edward Gerrity of THE CIA The CIA structure is headed by the Resident whose cover is generally that of an executive with a multinational company-a natural and universally usable cover for US intelligence agents given the nature of imperialism. Beneath.the Resident are a team of case officers who are also US citizens and full-time employees of the Agency. ln Chile, the Resident receives orders directly from the chief of the Latin America Area Division of the Director of Operations in Wash, ington. Each operation or type of operation which is ordered by the CIA is designated a"projei,ct" and then assigned to one of the case officers. The job of the Resident and the case officers consists of building up in-country networks over the years so that when they are needed they can be activated simply and quickly; Recruits are gathered from a variety of places. Many are spotted in exchangç programs conducted by the State Departm€nt, Al D,-USIA; Al FLD, private oiganizations, universities, foundationi or ClAlsponsored training courses for I lrtt¡i0ll s sive, paramilitary operations, funding and media :, r" operations. \., V. Brog the CIA's be set aside. Once this political decision was taken, it was then necessary tq implement that strategy. lf the overthrow of Aliende were to appear as añ internal failure, the methods used by the United States to promote this failure would have to be coverl The role of the United States would have to be invisible. The situation in Chile was particularly suited to this kind of 4 WIN a subcommittee of the National Security Council. Headed by Henry Kissinger, the Forty Com- mitteg" lTÏ for to ar- ,1. t4. tr :z range a meeting Previous to this, ITT had attempted to get CIA'cooperatiojrfor a series of schemes without-accord i ñg to* téSti mon y.at the Senate heari ngs on ITT-_much sUqcess. Now the CIA was approaching [T. The FOnty"Com,Sjq.ee. had. probably given ' goahead in its Septenibéi riìeettrrg. ' theBroe's su$gestions to Gerrity at that meeting were the essence of what became the "invisible blockade": 1) banks del4ying or not renewing credits; 2) companies delaying in sending payments and making deliveries; 3) pressure put on savi¡rgs and Ioan associations to close down their operations in Chile; 4) withdrawal of technical help; and 5) approaching other porporations with an interest in Chile to suggest that they follow the same course of 'action. Despite the fact that Broe and the clA deny that the plan was ever put into action, this !s exactly what happened during the next year. The capacity for the United States to implement such a plan rested upon the dependent capitalist structure of Chile vis-a-vis the United States and the strength of US capital interna- tionally. WIN 5 The combined results of this strategy squeezed the eco.nomy from both the production añá cónsumption end. Although production in many areas incieased duflng the years of the Up government, its full growth was impeded in many sectoTs of the ecánomy'b..urrc 9r I ll9K.9l spare parts and capiral, withheld bv the rnvrstble blockade. This caused serious conseqúen.es tltTr ot many consumer items and services_par_ 1f trcularly transportation, as most Chilean buses were rords-tt helped foment the hostile reaction of sec_ the.petit bourgeoisie toward the govórnment. !gr.r 9f r nrs ts eastty seen in the strikes of the truck and taxi owners who protested a lack of spare parts and tires. These-strikes, ¡n turn, were used by th; Rish;;s the basrs for creating a mass opposition to the Up govern_ menL The.plan to squeeze production and consumption was to be complimented by an attack on Chile,s main sou.rce of foreign exchange, the sale of copper. The ClA.had long been knoy¡ io maniputare ãåÃmoOity for the potiticat. b.enefir of rhe US iutìng ctais. 1111lejs It tned every possible trick in the sugar market in order to weaken the Cuban Revolutiãn. With copper accounting for 80 percent of Chile's.exports, tfre Cln The offensive was mounting. The effects of the economic offensive were beginning to have increasing_ ly poli tical ramifi cations. . The third aspect of the economic offensive_the stimulation of the black market_wasì-rnoi. .ompte^ matter. The CIA has always dealt on the cúrrency' --' black market and has agents around the world whose sole purpose is to trade-dollars fàr iorui.rii.nry where.exchange rates are particularly gooJ. tnis al_ lows ïle Agency to buy more for the money it is al_ lotted in its annual budget and to launder the funds so they.cannot be traceã back to ClÀ nea¿áuarters in Langle¡ Va. tn Chite, tf.,. ¡tã.t rnàiletîus us"¿ not only to support covert activities, but also to drain money out of the economy. PARAMI LITARY OPERATI ONS .l971 of a huge quantity of electrolytic'.oppø be produced in Chile over the next ten years.'How_ ever, this q_uantity represented far more co'pper than, g_n,lhe salg in reality, Chile could produce. When it was notified by the bank, the Chilean government said it knew nothing of îhe Íansaction. What was ir all abour? The effeci of tne áãí was to imply that Chile had afar greater,rppirãi"oppø than it admitred to, a far gieater ,rpply'tÀun it u._ 6 WIN ,I I "% intervention in the democratii process in oráer to prevent Allende,s confirmation as presídenL At about the same time that Merriam was writing to McÇo.ne, the main office of ITT received com_ munication from one of its r,pR men', in Chile. lt said that the military would only intervenã if the country's stab¡lity were sufficiently threatened and that "the threat must be provided-one way or unolh"r¿ to Dy the company. q Allende's assumption of the presidency st¡ll could be prevented, William Merriam wrote John McCone (lTT executive and former head of the CIA) in Octobei '1970 and referred to his last meeting with people from the Agency. "Approaches iJLe made to select members of the Armed"ontlnr" Forces," he wrote, "in.an attempt to have them lead some íort of up ' rising-no success to date.,' One of the obstacles to this 1'success" was Army Commander in Chief, General Rene Schneider. While he was not Dro_ Marxist, Schneider refused to permit uny rnilitury March the Banque populaire S¿risse re ceived a deposit from rhe ZuricnllasÀ¿ lñieiÃor¿¡a Finance Corporation. The company ø¿ il.,ãi ti, ..rf., deposit represented its ,,exclusive *ortJ rnonopoly;; ' tually.had. Given the factlhat the worid copper mar_ ket is extremely sensitiy'e ro supply un¿ ¿.rñín¿, news of the existence of a new's'oúrce of copper would have sent copper prices plummetine. ïnd each clrop ot one cent in the price of copper over a yrur cos.ts.Chile approximately $10 míliiòn in lost revenues. Within.a few.days, the police in Santiago had arrested a North American, Howard C. Edwärds, a Swiss citizen and two Argentines for th;ir ;J; in thís plol Edwards, arresred iñ his room in ttlé Hãiel Car_ rera-a Sheraton hotel whích seems to have been a favorite haunt of CIA operatives_was foun¿witn papers pertaining to thecopper deal as well as iden_ trl¡cation confirming him as an lntelligence Officer of the US government. When this covert attempt to destroy Chile,s cop per market failed, the United States wâs forced to resort to more overt methods. ln October 1972 the ec.onomíc offensive was coordinated w¡th mass mo. bilizatíons by.opposirion for.às ànã u pãiiiiãiior.n_ sive by opposition congressional leadeis. As the streets of Santiago filled. with striking truck drívers, shop keepers, bank workers and meribers of the merchant marine,.the Congress met to begin impeach_ ment proceedings against four of Alleñde,s ðabinet members. At the same time, in paris, Kennecott in_ troduced litigation to block the sale'of Chílean cop per abroad, arguing that the copper was still owned .t After the election of Allende in September 1970, sectors within the CIA in coordinatíon with ITT felî that, could not resisl .ln ð , women' Pinochet Thisoctoþer 1972 economic offenslve included this mass mobll¡zatlon of middle and upper class r€cen¡y announced ttr"t tn"ì¡úniå'*äi òiã.Ñns ió uu¡to a national monument to the "ch¡lean woman." sination ploq, rushed to his house to burn any incriminating dscuments. Viaux had been in steady contact ovér'a period of time with the United States and, in particular, Berrellez and Hendri¡..1n fact, whén Viaux met with the two, he "wai'given verbal assurance that he would receive material help and support from the United States." But despite the präðautions which he took, Viaux was later arrested ior his participation in the crime. "Opóration'Alfa," as the plan to kidnap Schneider was called, was a plot by the Right to create a s¡tua' tion of teiror in Chile and then blame it on the Lefl The reactionaries had hoped that this'mighüþiove to be the provocation necessary to encourage the-mili" tary to step in and prevent the confirmation of Allen'de as Piesident by Congress. lnstead, tlte Élan was uncovered and quickly revealed by the Left- Allende ãeman¿ed a change in the head of lnvestigations (the Police Department), Luis Jaspard De Fonseca, who through provocation,' ITT's "PR man,, was, in reality, a CIA asent_ . Robert Berrellez. Berrellez had wãrked forïany years as an Associated Presj,reporter. He spent good a qalt of_th.g years berwee n 1959 and 196"1 in Havina, Cuba" Following the Bay of pigs invasion. Berrellez' was expelled from the ísland and soon left his job at Af to join ITT's public relarions departmeni. Í,Vittr this new cover he arrived in Santíago in 1 970 along with Hal Hendrix, also of lTT, to ,ireport,' on thesrtuatton tor the company. Berrellez must have seen in General Schneider what seemed to be the perfect opportunity for a " provocatiotl.t' _ .lt is the morning of October 22, 1970, General Schneider's car is on its usual rouó to his office. Sud_ denly, he is surrounded by four other cars and, within moments, shot and fatally wounded. As the am_ bulance n¡shes him to the ruíititary Hoipiiil, tf," ,.n i nvot ved i n h is assassi nati on Uejií to ;¿;l;";.Juan .Luis Bulnes, later provõd to be among those responsible for Schneider's death, headed imriediately for the airpo¡L There he picked úp his tícket for Buenos Aires which e¿rlier had be'en reserved for him ín th.e.name of Roberî Berrellez Berrellez, hìmself, would :oon fly_on to Buenos Aires, beforË Bulnes de. parted^for his final destination_thé United States. As Sch.neider tay in rhe hospiiái'inl *ru, ^KoDPr.r vraux, a sriil retired right-wing army general who was later proven to be the ring leader oî ihe ass"s- t- with the ClA.'Shortly there after arrest warrants were issued for Viaux, Bulnes and others involved in the plot including th¿two sons of Guillermo Carey, a vice president of Anaconda Copper ComPanY. As the Right was quickly to learn, masl.support for the UP government was too strong to allow it to be overthrown by an individual terrorist action. Paramilitary act¡ons would have to be increasingly wellplanned and executed. And they would have to be õoordinated with the opposition's mass agitations. With the failure of the Schneider assassination Potrio y Libertod was formed to carry out this plan. was believed to have ties i i. 'l Over the years, the CIA has put together a.number of armiev-the fàmous Meo Tribesmen in Laos, the Bolivian Rangers who assassinated Che, a special - "' army team in Peru in the mid-sixties which was "^formed to fight the Peruvian guerrilla movement, and many more. Since 1962 over 600 Special Forces training teams, on loan to the ClA, have been sent to Laün Ãmericá The Special Operations Division (SOD) of the CIA oversees these activities. The material needed by the SOD is obtained'from thê ClAds Office of Logistics which operates vast warehouses of weapons for just such purposes. A good part of the C{A's material comes from the US Army; ihe rest-a sisnif¡ðänt portion-comes from privaté arms cornpanies, in particular, the lnternational Ar mamen t CirÞòrati on ia.$.| e¡an { ria, V irgi nia. B ut befqre -the rpcruiting, training ähd è'upplying can be- ' ¡ ': gin,'Patria army must be created. - an'internal y Lìbertod was that army in Chile. The formation of Patria y Libertad was ofücially announced in March 1971 by Pablo Rodriguez, then acting as lawver for Roberto Viaux. lts pNlosophy was based on áaüonal syndicalism, preaching the creation of a corooratist state under the control of an authoritarian igov'ernmenl lt was, in other words, fascist. The Þolitical Directorate of the group included the country's most powerful industrial and landed interest: Béniamin Matte, president of the National Society of Agrículture (SNA), Orlando Saenz, president of the Nãtional Soiiety öf Manufacturers (SOFOFA) and former economic advisor to the Junta, Horge Fortaine, ' president of the Confederation of Production and WIN 7. .!, C.ommercg and a number of retired military leaders like Viaux and General Canales. . Pgtr|a ylibertod worked borh publicly and clandestinely. The, public side concentiated piimarily on propaganda which was disseminated to a wide aúdience through a chain of radio stations headed by Radio Argicultura" These stations were used both to spread misinformatiod further contributing to the creation of chaos with¡n the country and also to send out coded paramilitary messag'es. The clandestine front involved paramilitary training intel ligence, i nfi ltration and coordination wi th the gremio movement to organize strikes, sabotage and terrorist acts. This side of the organiiation was run similarly to early Nazi groups inGermany. To become a member the individual underwent an elaborate sysje.n of intelligence checks, indoctrination classes, training in arms and communications, and for the more proven cadre, classes on explosives and intelli: gence gathering. The military apparatus of patrio y Libertod was divided into ceils-irainins squadrons. death squads, and_shock troops. Ex-militaiy off¡Ciais, many graduates of the lnternational police'Academy or the Army School of the Americas, gave the classes. ln.the.fall o.f 1973, out of 201 studenls in the Army School of the Americas, 53 were.Chilean. Now they are rece¡ving courses in-counterinsurgency rather than terrorist tactics. W¡th the success of the UP in the April 1971 municipal elections, Patrio y Libertod went into action, and the US appartus to support it was moved into place O¡e of the first chañges was the replacement of US Ambassador Korry by Nathaniel Davis. an expert in the use of paramilitary forces. An important element in US intelligence activities in foreign countries is always advice. Because of their vast exper¡ence in counterinsurgbncy and overthrowing governments, CIA men bring an ïmportant ex_ pertise to each ne-w,experience.Íhey aiso bring the vast knowledge of the particular country, gathered over.the. yeql: by their information gathéri-n g appara_ tus. US intelligence and paramilitary expertúiàö¿ the Çhilean right-wing in every way'posiible. _ The CIA's in-country team in the US Embassy in 9qttiæq maintained direct contactwith potria y Lìbertad. Ambassador Davís had frequent ,.ãtÍng, with both Orlando Saenz and pablo iìodriguez. Jðseph Vasille, using the welt-known CtA cover oíifrã úS Oîfice of Pu.blic Safety Advisor-the same covei used by Dan Mitrione in Uruguay-was finally expelled from Chile for his relarions with patria y L¡Oeita¿. With his knowled.ge.of paramilitary affairs ãnd specific access to knowledge about the kinds of purarititary ment available from the United Siates, Vasilíe "quif wäs'of great aid to the group. ln addition to contacts on an official level with the _ United States and with the Chilean ü.r",Potria y LÌbertod also began to set up "ornrnrnity an appaiatus of support_ th roughou t Latín-America-in the' strongholds of US imperialism, Brazíl and Bolivia w.i" pur_ ugurarty rmportan both countries having military .t. dictatorships, installed after Ugsupporteã couo d'etats. Right-wing Brazilian groups, with close connections ro rhe United States, offäréd $g miilion to Potrlo y Libertad and a force of some 500 men, Arms were also shipped in under cover of business transae tions between the Brazilian and Chilean bourseoisies. One important example of this was the nrrnuiãr, I WrN shipments of arms which entered Chile in boxes of Si Cafe, a company owned by pedro tbanez. Corltacts for arms and money were also made with the right-wing.in Argentina. Thé numeroL, Ct,n op"rutives working in Argentina were instrumental in shori1q up this apparatus as well. Mosr importantly,:the U.S.Aryy base in Mendoza, Argentina (on the'óorder with Chile) was. used by thê ClÁ as a còver for paramilitary operations. At the time of the coup in'Chile, there were 22 US Air Force planes at the air base there, an inordinate amounl Ge_ttjng Tgngy and arms to paramilitary groups is something which the United States cannot dó aíiectly in the same manner in which they support fascist governments. When the Right is not in pòwer, covert means must be created to support iL One of the ways . this is done is_through the use of ,,proprietaries',front companies which act as funnels and covers for the Central lntelligence Agency. These fronts can be export/import companies, travel agencies, or small : research companies, to name a few. One óf the CIA's ,b:l*ng*l'.proprietaries, was Southern A ir Transport (SAT). ln Victor Marchetti,s words, SAT is. ,,the Agency's air arnf for potential Latin Amerióan interventions." With Headquarters in Miami, SAT received its fu.nds through a conduit called Actu! Technology. Southern Air Transport was active in the Conso in"' "1961, in the Bay of Pigs, in Venezuela and in -Bolivia. ln'197'1, SAT, began flying into Chile. Whenäsked what they were unloading, SAT crew members answered "n¡91tr"_not a well-known Chilean import from the United States at that tirne. Flights côntinued regularly until the time of the coup. Patria y Liþertad leader Roberto Thleme ls tecl into court in August 172 followlng a two month manhunt. Thieme coordinated thè ¡mportat¡on of arms by way of the US Army Base ¡n Mendoza, on the Chtle/Argentina border. Another means of getting arms into the csuntry covertly is to use a US Army cover, and then simply redistri'bute the arms once they have entered. When ' not using this method, the CIA can also use private which are éither CIA covers'or which will "ompun'ós same be giad to work with''the Agency for a price. The ; t? is tiue of small,teamsof gun runners; ' All of this equipment requires training and sQme 197'3,ierr.o.rlst ac' sort of expertise. By ir-rä ióiï"e "f high and inbluded tivities haà been escalated to i new bo mbi ' n United "' gs, sabotage of el ectr ical pl ants, -ft i ghways, water systems, and attacks on the LefL As the terrorist acts became more serious an{ ryere used not only as propaganda-to create an atníosþhere of ch¿os-but ãtió ti, i"nfliðt reat damage bn the economy, a'higher degree of skill was needed to carry ther¡ ou[.oMichael. Townley had that skill. Recruited whqn he was in the Peace Corps in Chile, Townley returnJd as ap advisor for the CIA to work with Potrio y Libertad' ln early 1973, he and five members of a terror squad from the organization attacked the Electrical Service Center in Concepcion, They were trying to cut off UP govern' ment TV broadcasts to Concepcion by destroying one electrical component of a complex system. lt was a highly technical job requiring both skill and good equipment. Bul the project failed. TV broadðasts to the city were only disrupted for a short time. ' Furthermore, the terror squad had hastilylbound and ' gagged the night watchman at the center and he suffocated to death, creating tremendous public indignation against the attackers. Townley was picked up with the other five men but eventually fled to the States. I T 1 Members of the US military also lent their eípertise to the counter-revolution. ln late May 1973three staff members of the US Embassy met with officers of 'the Chileah Navy and Army oäboaid Chilean naval vessels docked in. the port of Arica. Fiom that point oñ there was'at least one US Naval lntelligence Offcer on every major Chilean Navy ship. Finally, it was dur' ing this same period that a US Marinerteam from Panama visited Chile. of Salvador Allende. from Henry Kissinger, who was then serving as adon naiional seluiity to President.Richard Nixon' viser ' i'i¡ ¿on;tsee why we need to stand by and y¡tgh--. gá óottí,uniti due to the irrespónsibìl"r'ty its own peoPle.' of"orrittv The strength which the right-wing was able-to maintain in õnile throught the years of the UP Govern' mànt facilitated its ability to use all sorts of conduits ånd engage almost openly in seditio-us activ.ity.. The ðiuir alÏiu"nce forged many years before with the US imperiâtists gave'it the strength necessary to regain power, alleast in the short-run. AÀ essential requirement of these paramilitary ac' tivities-as well as the other varieties of subversion carried out by the Chilean right-wing-waç funding' People working underground had to be supported., Those arms not donated by the United States and Brazil had to be purchased and radio stations had to funded, åll of which was expensive. With the testimony of CIA director William Colby before the House Armed Services Subcommittee on lntelligence, we now know that the Forty Committee approved the expenditure of at the very least $8 million for covert activities of the CIA between 1970 and 1973 in an effort to "destabilize" the UP governmenl Colby stated that the Forty Committee authorized the expenditure of $1 million fér "further political destabilization" in August 1973, just a month THE MED¡A be before the coup. Seymour Hersh of the New York Tirhes quoted "well informed sources" as saying that much of a chapter on Chile ,in Victo¡ Marchetti's book The CIA ond the Cutt of tntell¡gence is a part of the material pre-censored by the courts.'The CIA had requesteT the court order on the grounds of national security. t'As initially written," the sources said, "the book's chapter on Chile began with the following quote : u FUNDING , R odemor/LNs' Prooaeanda. disðeminated through what ii; called a .ãüiiïoouftnìi;.ls án i¡hportani {ront in the ideq' . ' loeical siiussle. ideological clarity helps to unite peo-- ^ '' plã an¿ pripärt them fór the mass and armed struggle' people's consciousness . Þropaganda is used to shape and'iniite them to action. The ruling class understands ttrii very well. ldeological warfare is one of the battle fronts with imPerialism. Revolutioni cannot succeed without the defeat and destruction of the reactionary forces. The Right was never defeated in Chile. They continued to wage an intensive ideological battle, with the aid of US imperialism, throughout the years of the UP governmenl This strulgle took place on both a covert and an overt fevel. To't-he extent that the Left did not achieve iãeôiog¡cat clarity and unity, the Right was a.ble to make fains. To the extent that the Right ma.intained a solideconomic base within the society and received wtN 9 =t ,l þ I I '* r V# t# 4 t T pa¡gn against nationalization which included,ôoth ry i li l i "#þ tnÞ,] þ r Stri kinq t ruc k owne r5 gather âround a 'com mon ot" d uf in9 one of thei r str¡kes which cripptecl The truc kers' str¡ ke the c h llean econ omy. A ugust 73 ls sa¡d to have cost n ea rly $7 mi on. 35 thousand ìruckers were pald fo 45 days. $3-$5 the ilpport of the Uníted States they were able to continue these activities. . Just as the United States constructed the Organizæ tion of American Srates (OAS) ¡;an;i;.;;r r" politicatty_conrrot Larin Àrn"ri"u, inJ,rppãitì Onlr and AIFLD in order to spread bañkrupt üSluUo, ideology, so it has constiucred an apfãiatus to at_ tempt to control culture and ideology. The United States .lnformarion Agency (US I n), ?ãunããJin r gsS at tne hetght of the Cold War, is oÀe of these overt mechanisms. One-quarter of úSlA,s world_wiJe bud_ get was spent in Chile in 1961. USIA disseminated films to TV stations, tapes to radio stations, eJitorials ¡o newspapers and magazines and a host of miscel_ reacr¡o,nary. propaganda. Much of this propalllrgrtw_a^s_u^s1d_during Frei's campaignin Fand,a 1964. Dur_ channet 1 3-TV (Th;cailroñc uñ¡våriit!;i ii.ti"n) lng the 197.G73.period, USIA coritiriued to disiribute r¡s matenal to the right-wing medía, in particular 10 WIN a day and El Mercurio, the right wing daily newspapér. I he lnter-American press Assocíation 1inÞn) is Tgt¡.er tentacle of US imperialism in Latin Am'erica. IAPA's.vice president' untjl 1972, wasÀÀustin E¿_ wards.ïe w_as replaced by Rene Silva Espejq presi_ oent ot Lt Mercur¡o, The Board of Directors of lApA_ which was long ago denounced as a CIA front-is |gqvity dominated by the major media'interests in the unrted States including representatives of both the Hearst and. Knight chaín of papers, and TV and radio statt-ons. IAPA held its annual convention in Santiago i.n 1972 and used that forum to mount attacks on the UP.government and give the right-wing credibility. ln a fltttng move, .IAPA gave its annual award that year to Jorge Fontaing an edítor of El Mercurio, US advertising agencies also played an ímportant . role,_ particularly.the age!19y which was crucial during the coup in Brazil in 1964. Marplan, the Latin Amerl can division of McCann Erickson, orchestrated a cam- printed matter and films which were shown in mothers' centers and the iuntos de vecinos (neighborhood centers). The objectives of the plan are stated most concisely in Marplan's own descrlption: "lt is necessary to destroy'the image of the State as patrgn; it is necessary to stimulate the sense of pro¡iefty among workers, a feeling which already has beÇn shown among the peasants. . ." : ln addition, there are several forms of covert activities which relate to the media: "disi¡formation," black propaganda, coded communications and incite ment to counter-revolutionary aitivity. All were used -, in Chile. t! propaganda is dissemination of false in' the 1. Black formation meant to influence people's opinio¡s and move them to action. Overseen by the;Çovert Action Staff of Clandestine Services and usirllthe skilts of sociol ogists, psychol ogi sts, h istorians and med la . specialists, these CIA experts have long practiced this arL The CIA has been caught disseminating false Tupamaro documents, redesigning OSPAAL posters to make it look like leftist part¡es are fighting among ' themselves, and forging numerous varieties of docu' ment5. ln Chile, black propaganda took many forms. One use was in the creation of shortages. Right-wing radio stations would broadcast alarms sayi¡g that the supply of one item or another was runninfoul Peo ple would dash from their houses and buy up large quantities of the item so as to have a supply. ln reality this would create the shortage. 2, "Disinformation" is thé subtle distortion of reality. The right-wing press practicei thii daily. For example, in'1973 reactionary papers furiously attacked the UP for proposing a restructuring of the education system .., knownãs thé Escueta NacionalÜnifrcadø (ENU). As the reporting grew stronger, reactionary secondary . school children held a demonstration on the steps of the National' Library of Santiago and pròceeded to run through the streets of Santiagq breaking store windows, setting fires, and overturning cars. All of this to protest the government's educational plan. ln realit¡ however, the plan had been withdrawn weeks before, but this was not reported in the papers. El Mercurio, the newspaper of the Edwards which was managed by Rene Silva Espeio-one of the founders of the Chilean Nazi Party-was a key part,of the campaign of disinformatíon. As such, it was aided by CIA agents placed on the paper's staff. Alvaro Puga, one such agent, was in charge of the propaganda cam' paigns of the paper. He was also a conduit f9¡ the placing of stories written by the CIA experts back in the States. Pusa eventually achieved such success at his iob that hãbecame a member of the reactionary Central Operative Command which directed the coup d'etat. 3. lncitement to action. The CIA usually reaches its propagandistic heights with the founding of a sg called-Rodio Liberácion similar to the one which was 5o totally unsuccessful during the B?y of Pigs invasion. Once again, Michael Townley, PeaceCorpsman'turned' CIA-paramilitary-expert, was the protagonist of this' activity in Chile. Thè fir t attempt at founding an anti-governm ent Rad io Liberocion occurred during the October 1972 strike by the gremios' Townley, with the aid of Manuel Fuentes, began broadcastingwith the use of highly sophisticated equipment-a plan forthe overthrow of the government. While the plan wa3 not successfùl at the time, Townley gained some experience which he would put to use later. 4. Coded messages were consistently broadcast over right-wing radio stations throughout the years of the UP.governmenl ln the early dáys messaËe-s were quite síriõple. For example, right-wing radios contâcted networks of reactionary women over th-e air to advise them where they colld obtain scarcé goods so4hat '^ they could suppiy themselves and lièlp create further shortages. As the time passed and the level of class struggle increased, messages took on more of a tdctical and paramilitary nature. Roberto Thieme's il' legal reentry into Chile was broadcast in a code as well as Pinoqhetls incor.póration into the counter' revolution. t CONCLUSION US imperialism is on the defensive. lt cannot defend 'of its empire militarily; it must use other means. ln all South America, in particular, the form of warfare is covert. We have lived through military coups in Guatemala, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay and now ChjLç, - . But the war continues. Like any other battle, covert warfare embodies a strategy and tactics; to defeat it we must begin to underst¿nd both better. This study was done to fry and delineate some of the strategies and tactics of US imperialism: we study history to understand the present so that we can shape the future. The Vietnamese describe US imperialism as a wounded tiger which is being defeated but is, nevertheless, all tñê more,Ëiocious.in its dying stage. This ferociousness is being unleashed in Latin America and around the wp-rldrilally. But the people aré gaining , sffength and wiÌ1'dêfeat'ii, :Lo Resitlenc ia Vo ! .' I . . vtva la democl.aClA -*;€ /a¿¿Zf Vad il lols lem prelLNS, - wlN l1 I The demonstrators seized the initiativeåt the very beginning of the conference and held it for the next three days. At the first session on October 16th, Rosenstein-Rodan had hardly finished his opening remarks when protestors interrupted with denuncia. tions and chants. : ,, ,. . tt When,the next session began that afternoon, several BU policemen were én hand to keep out uniiìvited guests. This didn't stqp the protestors, however, who broke through the guard and occupied thè çonference auditorium. Rosenstein-Rodan, who throughout ap peared unusually wary of meeting opponents on a facetoface basis, then luspefdëd the conference. It was at this point, according to newspaþer reports, that Rosenstein-Rodan traveled downtown to Pollce rough. up Steve Kiersh, one of the seven demonstrators arlested. Photo Alan Bergstein. /LlcNamara, Frei Blocked from BU Conference MICHAEL T. KLARE Boston,Universit¡ like.most US colleges, has had few malor demonstrations since the Vietn;m'*ir, ;tn¿J,,, and.most campus officials assumed tnai inela¿ical student movement was^dead.. ncting ãn i'trir'fr.mis", BU's_Cenrer for Larin American oéirìäpr*ríi Str¿ies (c LA D.s ) sh ed i ts,, I ow- proäs; ierìiå ä"i' in"ir"¿ Tormer Uh.ttean president Eduardo Frei and World öank pres¡dent Robert S. McNamara to Boston Oc_ lober 1G18 for a rhreeday Developmenr in Larin America "";i;;;;;oT"Ërinori, ttul*áJàluu. ¡n- ct uded. represenrarives of chite,i iui¡"J,ji¡iåiv irnt". Frei and McNamara never made ¡i ï"'iü. iiû pus. Anti-.iunta demonstrators staged tllräe-Aãvs of militant proresrs rhat astonisheJ ,ilñ;-;Ji;lcos and, lgpnletelv overwhet med ttre C t_ADS'corifJience. The 8U adminisrrarion-caughr ør"llV ãrf ¿räiã'Ou tt lerv,or of rh e de mon srruìio nr_ rãít *r¿" m Frei home and cailed in Boston{ À"rãii"r, "ñ.ääri" iä.ti""l Patrot Force (rel)to retieve hairieãi"Ãpu olirrmen. Before rhe TpF was puiled out, ,ðãiãiäírtr- dents had been beaten, seven were arrested and cLADS had become tóturiv pus community. írorutà;'i;il#ï"r- ln order to understand how BU became the site of such.unexpecred tle bit abour Rosen ste i ø i"åïiiit_ cLADS and íts dir;¿i;;, þiãrärrä puul evenrs, it ís necessãiy n Rodan. Tou ted u, tt *-l¿,i authority on devetopmental econom " iãää"i"g iäi É,"'r*iir¡"_ Kooan ts a tormer Alliance for progress official and consujtant ro rhe World eank, the öicã"¡r"iiä" American Srares, and orher i nternat¡ãäi'ãiËuî "f iräii a "nr. Michael T, Ktare is o staff member of the North American Congress on Latin iñÅõi¿'l'/ on¿ a gruduate student ot Boston llniversiiy.. Ar"n* 12 --- it ano credtts for the Pinochet regime. tl. ^ Backe.d by lucrative grants fîom the Rockefeller roundation, the World Bank and the OAS, Roseirstein-Rodan has buitt CLADS into a majJi,àit"r for research on economic development in Lätin-Ãmerica. .Althou.gh CLADS inrisrs thai their wort< ii Lniir"ty aporiricar i" náúø Ëü .r,ur.g, y T1:.,1: 9r.n ter ìs. pro moti ng a,, model" of develop_ 'î:i3l'llg ;;ù;iái ment that ¡mplicitly endorses the repressive labor p_"]t¡]i gf the h?Tile¡ere,s mititary dicrarorships. rnd.eed, the guest list for the BU conferenóe incÍuded l"^o-":lq^qTp9s, rhe archirecr "r il å-brär¡Iiän ¡unta,s :conomt9.policies, and Raul Saez, a civilian economist y.:i['"s for rhe ju.nta in Chite (as it turned our, )aez was too preoccupied with Chile,s economic cnsls to attend the meeting), lvhi.le BU activists have-lbng known of Rosenstein_ i:: ex rracurr icutar altivitïa, ttr;t ;;å'ãffi iltry üii J'J ti :33åïlåît :f ,: nai ;: :g f"ciJ-' changed.alt thar suddenlv ù' â,' ir oãiãÃ, JËåi'ö'rn"nv people that BU was ínvotved in uñ plex strategy ro tegirimize éiuuãütãïd com_ tñ. p¡noirl"iiJËirå'un¿ to assemble.the hundreds of millions of ãollars in toans and credits needed to keep the junta in power. l1.e-qrly october, several.campu, g:;rpr_¡ü¡r¿¡n, , tI".Cliþ Acríon Gioup and il.,, n"uõlriiãnuiï-str_ oent Brrgade-met and agre_ed to mount a united struggle againsr rhe CLADS cónference. Oth; ¡üstä" area groups were asked to join the demonstr4tions. opinion against CLADS. At a mass meeting the next day, October'1 8th, hundreds of students pledged to press the ç.ampaign against CLADS and to support a new roster of de mands including the dropping of charges against the seven protestors arrested on the 17th, and the dismissal of Vice President Finn. CLAD$, meanwhile, held its final session in secrecy and cancelled a press conference when several hundred students converged on the CLADS office. t¿ While it is too early to estimate the strength of the new rnovement, it is quite clear that the anti-junta demonstrations not only succeeded in disprediting the CLADS operation but also helped forge a new spirit of militancy on campus. More important, perhaps, the protests helped creaüe a new consciousness about the US role in Chile and Latin America that goes beyond the obvious horrors of Vietnam to focus on such subtle mechanisms as aid, loans, investments and other covert forms of intervention. a useless knowing, but It is not.true that things remain though, in the ult¡mate it ¡s true ( a useless knowing,.bu! that it bear us up). The fact is different grasses fill eacþ.space, fits blocked the auditorium. Only students with Rosenstein-Rodan has ùritten several widely_ ( bears us uP). It is not true that things remain though in the When the conferençe resumed the next day, minus its principal speakêrs, a heavy police guard in'riot out- special passes were allowed to enter,'and BU Vice President Daniel J. Finn was on hand to monitor the situation. After a noon rally, the protestors marched to the auditorium and formed a picket lþe. When the afternoon session was scheduled to begin, a hundred demonstrators surrounded the police guartling the entrance and linked arms, annquncing that "no one gets in unless we all get in!" After enduríng 15 minutes of shoqtíng and chantin!, ttìe BU guards broke ranks and attacked the protestori. On'e student was dragged ínto the auditoríum and clubbed unconscious-reportedly with the assistance of Vice Presídent Finn. When students began reforming their lines, Finn called in the TPF. According fo witnesses, the TPF "went beserk" upon reaching the campus, charging into demonstratois and spectators alike. (Many qbservers speculated that the TPF was only too happy to club students, after having been stationed in predominently lrish South Bosto¡l-where they had been obliged to protect black school children from rock-throwing gangs of white youths during Boston's school integration struggle.) By bringing such a brutal fprce on campus, the BU administration acknowledgeð the collapse of its moral authority and helped mobilize_student is true that it Ritz quoted articles blaming Allende's economic-inépti_ tude for rhe coilapse oÍ the tJnidod p;;;i"; *ou"rn_ ment, and researchers at the North AmericañCongress on Latin America.rg33rd him as a cential figure in rhe',iyn,3 tobby,' *hírü ì;;;ti;ãiã iãliäii 1""", n_e_rp It is not true that'things remain' though, in the ultirnalg the Carleton-Ritz Hotel to tell:McNamara àTrd Frei ' that BU had lost control of the situltion and that they would have to skip the conference. Both lèfttown the next day afler an evening banquet at the Carleton- ln the past year he has made five trips to Chile to ad_ vrse rhe Junta on economic.matters, and in fanuary he urged the Center for lnter-American prãgreíi (ðlipï" to endorse a $800 million US loan/invesiment'pact-, age to keep the military regime aflôaL ^ Ro9gl'! MOOT exchange. t1' the birds this year - are not the same as last had we but sense of their generation, could we but mark : *.-' .: as ..,the¡r. sèparate.faees our own returns here, yet grows older. The fact is that the grasses seem to blow the same, each bird turns round familiarly ; lest that we look too close It is some way our selves remain what we left is gone. ' -Toby Otson AESTHETTCS 30 (AUGU ST l't97 3l ¿ ç' Given the côncerns of these months so coniinon '^'*t "*oÊthéìway,. fneR.compromise themselves and their friends, strange that all is not vanity. Their wives are excluded from the,act, so sad that we cannot imagine that they touch each other, even ': that they tilt toward each other in public places -Toby Olson wtN WIN 13 T ,itf DAIS t COLry sOPH IE& LEO AN OPEN LETTER TO ANDREA DWORKIN, ET. AL. t LEAH FRITZ I have a female dog and some years ago she decided a cocker spaniel. Actually, we picked out the cocker spaniel for her, because the vet said she should mate with someone slightly smaller, to be sure her puppies would be eæy todeliver. So Colb¡ the cocker spaniel arrived one dav with the woman he lives with, and he and Daisy loo'ked to mate wíth each other over. They sniffed at each other a lot. Very soon,_Colby was rarin' to go, but Daisy wasn,t leady yet. So as he started to mòunt her, sh'e sat down. Colby had to try again. He licked her face, he licked her ears, he licked her .bottom. Hetried again. Daisy sat down again. Colby continued his gentle persuasion, and Daiñ respondód with licks and sniffs of her own, but she tót ColUy know quite firmly that she wasn't ready to mate.'This mutual courtship process went on for the best part of an hour in our livingroom. Then, suddenly, Dâisy made up her mind. She turned to Colby w'itn a look which seemed to say "follow me," and led him into our bedroom. There, on our bed, she invited him to enter her. the way of female and niale dogs, they hooked .rntolneach other and remained so for about half an hour. During this time, a number of people dropped rn to vistt us, and as they arrived, Colby and Daisy, linked like Siamese twins, ran to'the dóor to sreet them. Eventually, with a squeak and sori'le mõre licks, they separated from each other. . Colby came by several times thatweek, and each time he and Daisy become enjoined more quickly. Two month later Daìsy delivered seven puppies, and that was the end of her heterosexual séx i¡ie. ' Now she lives with one of her daughters and the people in our family. When she comes in heat, she mounts her or one of us, and goes through -daughter a rhythmic fucking ritual. Sometimes sñe has a faÉe pregn¿ncy, complete with wet nipples and imaginary pup_pies which she guards faithfuily in a closet.' Colby has moved away, and peihaps he has beenil -invited to mate with other dogs, perhaps not. But one thing ldo know: in spite of his male persìsiønce, he hos not become an imperiolist cocker ipaniel. There is a whole world of animals, of which the l.rT.un.¡.r only one species. They are, generally, orvrded tnto two sexes, and among mammals, the mating process is usually similar. yet the onlv imperialist mammal is the human male. So I don't think imperialism is connected with the hardness of a man's penis nor the act of fucking, whatever the position of the consenting partners duiíng th.e.act, and whether or not the mãn is performing"it wíth a woman or another man. Some women prefer making love to women. Some women. prefer making love to men; Women who enjoy sex with men appreciate an erected penis, at least part of.the time. They also appreciate having áttention paid to their whole bodies, and many men enjoy such attention, too. A free woman will not fuck untii she wants tq and occasionally this can be before the man is ready. So then såe will court him, Some women like to make love to both men and women-sometimes at the same time, sometimes alternately, sometimes at different times in their lives. somet¡mes depending on which sex is most readily available. lt's nice to have choices. The origin of some men's imperialistic tendencies moy be biological, but, if so, there is ilo reason to connect these tendencies with the erection, which al- so occurs in most male ânimals, including the most innocuous. There could be an acquisitive instinct built into some men's brains, but here we are treading on dangerous ground, because so f4r there is no evidence of any difference betweeh the.construction of men's and women's brains. Unless such evidence appears, it would seem to me an act of sanity on the part of feminists to view the patriarchy as an historical maladjustment on the social level. And to €oncentrate our 'energies on correcting that maladjustment. The case of Sophie Tolstoy is certainly sad. For öne thing there are indications that the Count pref.erred the company of men and may have been a ðloset homosexual. Sophie had been trained to organizeher whole life around a man because that, esientially, is the role assigned to women 8y the patriarchy. Dworkin is right in saying that the ills whibh affiicted Sophie Tolstoy have not yet beentured. That's why we have a women's movement. A number of the suggestions Dworkin postulated contemptuously at the end of her article rííight, in- deed, have helped Sophie Tolstoy over many wretched moments. Masturbation is one; finding another lover (had that been possible), whether male or female, is a second. Leaving Leo, in the manner'0f lbsen's Nora, is a third. But none of these personal alternatives would overthrow the patriarchy or change the loI of women in general. It's interesting to me, from another angle, that Dworkin chose the case of Sophie Tolsfoy as. her example. The Tolstoys were aristrocratsiand therefore they had the leisure to frustrate each other to a maniacal degree. Leq if I remember the story correctly, was obsessed with guilt about possessions and wanted to relieve both himself and Sophie of as many as pos. sible. Sophie, having nothíng áaf possessions in her life, was attached to them. She was similarly attached to Leo as a possession. " There are many subtleties and contradictions in any personal story, but in general Sophie and Leo were reacting, sometimes in complete conformity with, sometimes perversely and therefore ineffectually against the rules of the game set down by the patriarchy. They saw their lives as an isolated phenomenon. Sophie; working with other women of all classes, might haVe been able to build a matriarchal revolu- tion in Russia free of the insane power-plays añilþurges which have since consistently marred the accomplishments of patriarchal socialist regimes there and elsewhere. Sophig isolated as she was, had no such opportunity. We do. I agreg and so do most radical feminists, that equality with men-as they are-would no.t bring abouf a just society. We need to develop matriarchal values harmonious with nature as we, as women, elucidate ttiat relatiönship. We need to dissolve the concept of relaîionships, personal as well as societal, based on power.' We must avoid conft¡sirig sexual poten cy, i ri"ùtmen' o r. ¡ngn, ...Y.J th the i m peri a I i sti c' "nqtiqn óf power. lf men see ihe Èun and the missile ' æ an exteirsion of their phalluses-, they are obviously suffering from a delusion. The fact that it is widesspread is no argument against the essential derangement of minds which cannot separate the symbolism of fantasy from,their own real genital equipment. We must no! ourselves, be hypnotized into accepting such a derangement as a rational statement, or to be drawn into diversionary battles stemming from iL As our own understanding of "what might be" evolves into "what will be" on a societ¿l level, the sexual behavior of human beings will no doubt change--and probably in ways it would be wasteful to attempt to predict now. Now is the time to organize the 53% of the human race which will reor' ganize the world. i t4 wrN wlN 15 i ISI.A VISTA TEAFI.ETTING nearly everyone agreed that our tax dollars could be better spenL The leafletting action was also an excellent training experience for members of the War Tax Resistence Praxis group, an off-shoot of the Merton Center. We found it more sound than many of our actions-the leafletting was literally r:ecycling war taxes to life-givtng purposes, thereby mínimizing the symbolic leaps of faith which people needed to make in order ùo understand our poinl lt was also a collective action arived.at by our community in discussion, and constituted a, unique contribution of our grouþ. The participants in the leafletting spentan evening role-píaying possible responses to our action, s9 peóple entered the experience with greater enthusiasm and confidence. fs part of the lnternational Week of Concern, SepL 29 to O.cL 6, persons from the Thomas Merton Unity Center in lsla.Vista, Calif., rode buses of the Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District repaying people for their bus fares with money recycled from wär tåx dollars. More than $75 of withheld taxes (income taxes,. phone tax) was converted into quarters which were then taped to a leaflet which declared: We give you this money for bus fqre instead of sup porting the US defense budget, We have chosen not to pqy that portion of our toxes that is usey' for warmakÌng activities, By giving this money to you instead we hope to actively demonstrate that tox money con be spent to improve the quolity of tife. The leaflet went on to explain the alternative tax fund (called lsla Vista Life Resources) and to outline the continuum of options (letters of protes! phone tax refusal, income tax resistance, etc.) open to those wishing not to pay war taxes. lt also included graphs of how defense dollars could be better spent: ,,One &1 bomber or 15 5Gbed hospitals; the cost over-run of a C-54 transport or 6.25 billion passenger miles of mass transit in a typical American city." The response of the public to the leafletting action was tremendous. Whether aboard the buses (captive audiences!) or.at the bus stops, people were veiy interested in hearing more about war tax resistance, and Scott Kennèdy leaflets a woman about to Þoard a bus. Photo Er¡c Hutch¡nt Faith Whitmore, one of the people involved in the leafletting reports on her experience: "W. started by approaching a bus stop where about 3O40 people were waiting for their buses. The first woman I approached was really enthusiastic and excited and kept repeating,'how far out!'She also informed me that the next day was Gandhi's birthdayl She refused the quarter because she had a bus pass but wanted as many leaffets as I could give her without quarters so she could distribute them to friends. It was an encouraging beginning. was a challenge for me to approach strangers as I am basically a shy person, or so I consider myself. But it was a challenge I was eager and excited to meet. I felt a surge of energy as I was handing out the leaflets and articulating my very personal beliefs about war and our taxes. I shared my belief with others that "lt v/e must all take personal responsibility and that only through our personal lives will change oçcur. We must give voice, not only by our vote but also by our ac- tions! "lt Jv¡s a really.strengthening experience as I found ,, myself becoming increasingly passionate and clear iñ stating my beligfs and reasons for handing out the. leafleL "People were awed and surprised. They were curious and warm. The people I spoke with were open and sincerely interested and concerned. Their responses were afürming and many wanted to learn more. I am convinced that it is through ignorance that the atroci- ties are allowed to continue, When people learn alternatives, we will be far ahead of where we are now." Merton Center folk also staffed a tiger cage at the University of California at Santa Barbara and helped host a Vietnamese dinner to benefit the Quang Nai Rehabilitation Hospital. We scheduled the Veieran's Memorial Building to show "lndochina: Still America's War" as part of the weeklong series of events. A broad citizens coalition of conscience of more than a dozen groups helped with the lnternational Week of Concern's offering of speakers, films, workshops, displays, and vigils. The public response was generally very sup portive óf efforts towards continued opposiiíon to the continuing war. . CONTACT Thomas Merton Unity Center 892 Camino del Sur lsla Vista, CA 93017 16 WIN \ \l I q¡ 4 ta ê 1Ê |F-..¡-a ELECTIONS FOR'76 CANCELED IN URUGUAY ln a recent message to the people of j Uruguay, President Bordaberry announced that he þas canceled all elections to be held in1976 based on the likelihood of wtpt he terms a "Marxist victory threat aL the polls, like that of Chile." This brief message is very significant however, for several reasons. First, it proves the present strength of the Tupamaro philosophy ending rightwing press reports that the MLN is finished. lt also points to the fact that Uruguay will continue to be without a Parliament; Bordaberry had earlier dissolved, Parliament due to i.ts ma- Uruguay. The message also makes, ,, clear the fact that the Presiilent"has no intention of {osing his political offce in a free election. His term expires in 1976. -Major Carlos Wilson !1 NEW ANTI.GAY LAWS IN PUERTO RICO A new criminal code prohibiti.ng relations between gay women will go into effect in Puerto Rico on lanuary 22, 1975. The present code, which is 72 years old, already prohibits relations between gay men. The new laws will also outlaw the operation of places where gays congregate. Pol ice superintendent Astol Calero has announced that police plan ' to enforce the new anti-gay laws. "The police must see to it that the . . laws of the country are upheld," said Calero in an interview done in October by Po'Fuero (Come Out), the newspaper of the Gay Pride Community in Under existing laws, two gay menboth "consenting"-who engage in sexual acts can face up to ten years in prison. lf two gay men simply agree te enter into a sexual relationship they can be accused of conspiracy and sentenced to six months in jail and/or a $500 fine. congregate. The US Defense DePartme¡.t is warnins that American air and naval troops mieht be sent to fight in Vietnam if thðNorth Vietnamese launch a maior offensive against the Sogth. The fact .ì "The police have theii methods of investigating these cases," he said, adding "when the time comes, we wiil aoply them (the anti-gay laws)." A Po'Fuero editorial explains that ¡ince present codes do not prohibit the existence of gay bars, for instancg thÞ "police have resorted to harassment over liquor licenses, serving,.. .' minors etc., with gun toting police agents arriving eri masse to make in- , spections. jórity opposition to'Bordabeiry's'sup port for the recent military junta in San Juan. RE.OPENING VtET WAR THREATENED . According to Po'Fuera, however, the'code is rarely enforced. When Calero was asked how he planned to enforce the even more exiensive new lawi he indicated that there would be crackdowns on places where gays "The obvious intention, is scaring off clients, the majority of which are still very much in the closet. But that the use of US forces in Vietnam combat is under'cgnsideration wàE revealed by Deputy Defen3e Secretary William Clements. Clements issued his statement shortly after returning from a socalled '¡fact finding mission" to South Vietnam. Clements also said that the Ford Administratiori will ask Congress to substantially increase the amount of ' military aide to the Thieu government early next year. The US currentlY maintains 27,000 military troops at various US air bases in Thailand. -Santa Barbara under the new code police will need no excuse." -LNS I a News BALL AND CHAIN A group of nine demonstratois, includ- REsERVED ,1fi,iî[,ï"?äif'"t""iljiiiij['i .i REsERVES According lo the WoshÌngton Post, lhe reste.d on the steps of St. Patrick's Pentagonìs preparing toãsk Congí'ess Cathädral last month when they , . ; 1, refused a police order to- leave. ,' The nine were part of a demo.nstr'a- . '.;t ; '' : i tion by a gror"ip from the Caïhol ic Peace FellOwship that picketed across ttte street from the cathedral for over three hours in Support of complete quiitcly iil such situations as last fall's .. amnesty for draft evad.ers and deserters. Ac.qording to police of the Midtown aielift óf military supplies to lsrael d,u{--.". ' ''Nòrtñ'Statiôñ,the five men and.fogr i ing the Arab-lsrâeli war. Th9 proposal group of some 40 '. the piant left women' is ãlso linked to the PenìaEonit to move more planes to reierve squad- pickets and crossed the street shortly .r., rons and to heip fill the ranks of r'egu- before 11 am. On the cathedral steps, '-'- . police said, the nine becanie loud and lar battalionswith reservists. These , -, boisterous and were charged with ag- , moves are described as part of the efgravated disoiderly conduct' foht to give reserve units "real mis- reservists and national guard'troops for liree months withouî a declanation of nátional emergency or congreisional approval. The"Defénse Depãrtmenl. wants to be able to use suðh t"s"rvis " for authority to call up 50,000 sions" that will improve their readiness and give active duty fgrces more confi" - '- ' dencä when ¿eatinÉ úil r^,,^r. wartime. rhe quotas t"'f lJl.q TOUGH i'iiffiï:s tint" of the service have been Jioóoine rhe end of rhe diaft, ín" -NY Bureau r^ To CONVICTION WIN¡ AFTER AGNEW AND NlxoN ""¿îrããiv military is worried about its ability to This was the general lament of US prosecutors in interviews following a. respond quickly and effectively in foreign or domestic struggles of work- four day conference with Justice ing people. -Gl News Department offcials in New Orleans. WIN 17 "US attorneys from across the country said that defense attorneys are raising the Nixon and Agnew cases more and more often as they urge juries to acquit their clients and petition judges for light sentences,,' said an October 19 AP dispatch reporting the conference. 1'Some prosecutors suspect that juries on occasion have refused to convict a defendant because of the handling.of the Nixon and Agnçw cases. . "Before the Watergate sàandal, Guy (Ralpfr Guy, Jr., federal prosecuior in Detroit) said defense attorneys never attacked the credibility of FBI agents testifying as prosecution witnesses befelt it was impossible to convince a jury that an FBI agent could lie. But defense attorneys now are testing the tactic more and more cause they often," he said. Robert Curran, federal prosecutor from Philadel phia, commented: "There's no question the government has suffered." ln Utah, reported C. Nelson Day, a Salt Lake City prosecutor, defense attorneys "many times refer to public figures or well-known political figures." And a southern state prosecutor who asked not to be named, said: "We get it regularly in a steady dose." The AP dispatch concludes: ,,Another US attorney recalled that a western-state judge recently handed out a light sentence to a tax evader with the remark: "Guess you aren't any worse than Agnew." -Jim Peck FDA RULE WOULD MAKE MOST V¡TAMINS PRESCR¡PTION DRUGS Eighty per cent of the vitamins now commercially available will be reclassified as "drugs" and become obtainable only through a prescription, starting lanuary 1,1975. This new Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation has been temporarily delayed until that date so that Congress can hear debate on changing the law. Many leading nutritional experts, including Dr. Linus Pauling, who is known for his research on vitamin C, feel that the FDA prohibitions are a severe setback for nutritional science. For example, under the FDA regu. lation vitamin C with a potency of more than 45 milligrams (150o/o of the recommended daily al lowance) cannot be sold wíthout a prescription. Anything above that is classified as a drug, even though four ounces of orange juice supplies fifty milligrams. According to many nutritionists, a largevariety of food in the supermar-, kets, most of the ready-made breads, 18 WIN cereals, soups, dinnerE lunch meats, etc. are less than "wholesome and nutritious." Processed foods contain chemical fertilizers, chemical additives, and preservatives, and often have been cooked in ways that destroy much of their nutritional value. National Food Supply, a 1966 US Departmenr of Agriculture (USDA) publication, stated that 44% of the average caloric intake by Americans was fat which is almost devoid of any vitamin or mineral content. Fifty per cent or more of this consumption is in the form of white flour and white sugar, which is highly deficient in nutrients due to the refining process. Less than 10% of the average calories consumed are vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, or dairy products, which should supply close to 100% of our daily essential nutrients. ln 1968, the USDA announced that only 5O% of American families had a "good" diet,30% rated fair and 2O% rated poor. This showed a decline in the nutritional value of American dietary habits compared to a 1955 survey made by the department. -LNS SHORTAGE OF FROGS PREDICTED Science fiction buffs can relax. There's no danger of frogs taking over the world, at least in the next few years. ln fact, government officials and businessmen who buy and sell frogs for laboratory dissection say the number of croakers in the United States is de creasing so fast that they may soon become and endangered species. "We don't know exactly why the number of frogs is declining, but we know it's happening all over the country. lf it continues within the next few years the frog could be an endangered species," said Ruth Hine, chairman of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Committee on Endangered Species. Another state conservation official, Al Schwenn, said the increasing use of pesticides by farmers and "over-harvesting" by people who sell frogs are the main threats to the amphibian. -WlN Frog Bureau The occupant of the cell, a 2Gyear old black woman named Joanne Little, had fled. Eight days later she turned herself in to st¿te authorities in Raleigh, North Carolina. At that time her report on Alligood's death became available to news reporters. Joanne Little had been kept in the Beaufort County jail,for three months, pending an appeal on a conviction for breaking and entering She was the only woman held in jail, where all the guards are white males. She stated that Alligood's death was a matter of selfdefense; he had made sexual advances at her once before, and on the night of the2Tth he had tried to rape her. According to Joanne Little, Alligood entered her pell about 3 am, having taken his shoes off outside the cell; and threatened her with an ice pick. While Alligood was undressing, she got hold of the ice pick, struck him with it several times, and then fled the jail. What is known of the physical evidence found at the scene of Alligood's death appears to confirm this fort County is located, would probably make it ímpossible to get a fair trial there. The lawyers are trying to get the case moved to the Piedmont (central) section of North Carolina. Their first motion to have the case transferred was denied, because the state law would only allow a transfer to an adjacent county in eastern North Carolina. The lawyers are planning an appeal testing the constitutionality of this North Carolina law. Although her present lawyers are serving without fee, expenses for an adequate legal defense will stíll be high. Joanne Little's lawyers have estir.nated the costs at $20,000 for her trial, with;, more being needed if an appeal be- I comes necessary. Supporters have orpnized the Joanne Little Legal De- fënóe Fund, ,l003, Durlnc., fO Box ham, North Carolina, 27702, tó which taxiex e m pr co n rr i b u tio, n s rr?"rifff T; , ,fr BUTZ SCRAPS PLANS FOR AGRICULTUR E DEPT. TOURING SONG-AND.PR.AYER TENT SHOW chief, was to tour'the nation with song, . prayer, music and sketches of early pioneer life, illustrating that food in the US is the best bargain in.the,world. ln addition, said a rnemo to Butz, thç circus would instill in the public "a ' grêater confidence in the department," which woúld 1lstrengthen the department's credibility. " But initial resþons. was justÍhe opposite. The department "has lost * touch with reality," protested Repre- Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz has scrapped his proposal to send a songand-prayer tent show across the country; in an effort to convince Americans sentative Spark Matsunaga of Hawaii,* noting that "they'll be a l4ughing t' stoc k. that prices aren't all that bad. . The tent show, originally dreamed up by Steven Lane, the Agriculture had " characteristicalIy" blown the idea out of proportion, Bu'tz'decided Department's new public relations a And after claiming that the media September 26 that the show would notgo on. -LNS a accounL Since she turned herself in, the case has begun to atlract of Joanne Little considerable attention and concern around North Carolin4 and especially in thp black community and the feminist movemenL What has happened to Joanne Little is seen as involving important questions about racism in the courts and jails, the treatment of women in prisons, and the right of women to defend themselves against rape.. :l Over 1 50 supporters turned out fò a hearing held in Raleigh on October 1 to set bond in the murder charge agaínst her. tle The state's treatment of Joanne Lithas been harsh so far. With other prisoners awaiting trial, she is being held in the solitary confinement section of the Women's Prison in Raleigh. She is not allowed to speak out loud to the prisoner in the next cell, and thé only visitors she has been allowed are her motherand her lawyer. The bond in the death of Alligood was set at $100,000. During the hearing on the bond, she was kept tightly shackled in the courtroom. ' The mail she has received from friendly people around the state has THE CASE OF f OANNE LTTTLE been a major factor ín keeping Joanne On August 27, Clarence Alligood, a Little going. Persons who wish to can guard in the Beaufort County jail in write to her at1034 Bragg Street, RaWashington, North Carolin4 was found leigh, North Carolina, 27610. Despite the support she is receiving dead in a cell. Alligood had been killed with an ice pick normally kept in his lawyers for Joanne Little feel they desk drawer. His body was naked from have a difficult job ahead. The first problem is ensuring a fair trial. Racial the waist down, except for his socks, and his shoes were lying in the'corridor attitudes among the white population outside his cell. in eastern North Carolina, where Beau- " Some of thé people on Capital lïill must have been smokin' some of that LSD a few weéks ago. For a few brief, shining hours, aid to.Greece, Turkey and Chile was cut off by the Senate. "r But alæ, the brief trip upon that magic swirling ship ended as evening's empire returned into sand and vanished from their hand. By the next day, the Senate had reversed itself, although even after a SenateHouse conference, the end of aid to Turkey provision was '. kept in. As a result of that action, the. whole bill was vetoed by Our Ford, whose bedroom window is made out of bricks, and who has been known to hand you a nickel, then hand you a dime, then ask you with a grin if your havin' a good time. People at the Coalition to Stop Fundìng the l,lor say that "it does get a little confusing" at times like thal A lót of what was hap pening was showboating by a few liberals who knew that the provisions would never stick. The Coqlition people know pretty much what's going on, though, and they're gearing up for a November attempt to get the Congress to cut all military aid to lndochina. Before you read any further on this page, sit down and write your Congressperson about your feelings on American military aid; it would make their job a whole lgt easier. lf you'd like to keep up with ¡he Coalition's ac- criminal that makes Nixon seem like à . tivities, drop them a line and ask.to be sécond rate service station stickup pei- I put on the legislative newsletter mailson. lf you'd like a copy, send'a dollar ing list. They're at 110 Maryland Avenue along to NACLA, Box 226, Berkeley, NE, llashington, DC,, . . . Since the iCA 94701-ask them about their bulk subject of Dylan has come up in the order rates if you'd like to use the piece , .: preceding descriptions of Congressional æ afundraiser.....Women's Soul'Pub- . ; actions, it is only fair to note that he lishing is working on getting together a -, revised "My Sisters' Song: Qi5çegraphy.. . . . has decided that it's time for his boot': tæeþ to be a wanderin'. That's righ! of Woman-Made Music." Their last list they guy who sang all those love songs was excellenq and they promise that on'þi5 f¿51 album, Plonet Woves, ís get- tl'¡o next one will be êven better. They ting ¿ divorce. Go back and listen tó " note that they l'are interested in ' ,. records that are feminist in content as that album again, if you have the chance and fry to figure otlt fust wb.;r' .,. wçll 4s 4ny records that feature womwas he singing to if it wasri't his wife, en siniiing theii'own music or performing their own music or other womenls as everybody said it vüas at the tìmè. Fooled us again, Bob. .... The story music." They are interested in non- .'-. J,-, of VicePresident designate Rockefel- sexist children's music, and "all wom- " ler's crimes against the people is avail- en's music, feminist or not." lf you ^ able in comic book form through the have any suggestions or would like to , Ndlth A merìcan Congress on L-otin find out more about what they're up America, The life and times of one of to, they can be reached at PO Box 5476, Milwoukee, Wisconsin 53211. . . . .America's best known;imperialists is chock full of useful information in Lots of good stuff has come in the every panel. lf the straight media would mail for this column and most of it has use just a tenth of the information made it in, at one time or another. lf found in this book, rather than concen- you have something that you'd like to trating on whether or not Rockefeller see included, send it alonglo Breød passed money onto some two bit train ønd Roses, too, 1724 20th NW, Dupont commissioner, the general public would circle' columbia 20009' have a far more accurate picutre of a Doherty :, "rian WIN 19 |-a øV le The book consists of a series of letters written in'197'l to an 18-year-old woman who had been a lover of lra's and was then a student at an lvy League college. ln the first letter he writes, "To be asked to take your education in hand, to be your mentor, to supplement, supplant or subvert what goes on or does not go on at your college delights me beyond measure," ln the letters that follow he does just this for his friend's education and for ours. He writes about what has moved him most deeply. About writers and thinkers of the past he tells us sometimes basic and beautiful things, sometirnesgossip or anecdotes. He writes about the war in Vietnam and'about nonviolence. He writes about things thatare happening to him aìd responds to things his friend writes. She is working on a paper about Martin Luther King, so lra tells her revêrently and in great detail of his few brief contacts with King. She is having an affair with a lunkie and lra gives her what helpful advice he can (not much). Here is my favorite passage from the book. : a A LITTLE KINDER lra Sandperl /.Science & Behavior Books, Palo Alto, 1974 | t63 pp., $5.95 ln 1961, when I was first becomirtg involved with nonvio- lence, I was lucky enough to take part in a wee'kly seminar at lra Sandperl's home in Menlo Park. The lnstitute for the Study of Nonvíolence grew out of these seminars. No do_ubt my recollection of them is rose tinted because they were so important to my intellectual and spiritual growth, but as I write this out, it seems to me I'm not exaggèrating at all. A dozen or so of us sat around on cushions on the floor of lra's California living room. Books were everywhere, completely covering two walls, neatly piled on the mantelpiece, the coffee table, every available surface. There were eVen stacks of books on the floor. We read a chapter a week in a book about Gandhi. I .don't remember the name but I think it was published in lndia. While this was an apt starting point for our discussions, it did little to limit the range of thing5 we talked about. ln fact, unlike most teachers, who like things to flow together and who proceed from poi¡t to point, lra welcomed the most off-the-wall-questions. We all did, for they gave an opportunity to do his most amazing intellectuai ala. besq ues. lra frequently stood leaning against the mantel. When one of these questions came, his eyes would light up. He'd wave his index finger in the air and cackle with delight. Then he would lurch across the room, barely avoiding stepping on some of us. He knew the exact location of each book in the room. Not only that; once he had the book in his hand, he could open it to theþassage he wished to read as tho he knew just where in the book each paragraph was located. Triumphantly he would read the passage that spoke to the question. We were all dazzled. Ever since I've known lra, he's been working on a book. Not always the same book, but a book all the same. He writes slowly. He's the sort of writer who labors for a week over a three-line inscription for a birthday present, so evpn if we've had to wait all these years it's wonderful at last to have a book. A Little Kinder captures lra well. lt glows with his love of learning and his love of teaching. lt sparkles with his wit It is written with great precision. The sentences are dense and make slow reading. 20 WIN Hrst of oll, there is but one love, Different kinds of love-agope, philia, eros, profane love and sacred love-all that is philosophical, philolqgicol, pious nonsense, For a moment I am back with Gertrude Stein: Love is love is love is love, And, at her side you will frnd, cur¡ous even for that celebrated collector of celebrities, the 1 7th century prince-bishop of Geneva, St. Francis de Sales (see his lntroduction to the Devout Life). "There ore many beside you," de Sales said, "u-vho wont me to tell them of methodi onã secret ways, .',but the only .way of obtainíng tove is by tovìng, YÒu'learn to speak by speokino, to study by studying, to iun by running, to work by working, and just so you learn to love. , .by loving; All those who think to leorn Ìn ony other way decelve themselves If you wont to love, go on loving more ond mora Begin as a mere apprentice and the very power of love will lead you on to become o moster in the art, Those who make the most progress will continuolly press on, never believing themselves to have reached the end," 1;ies, thot is att *ry ütt,i' Lo, heor you soying, 'buit what is the love you leorn by loving?" It is a gift. A gift of our lives. For exomple-and this is neitþe¡ myth, nqr metaphysics, nor poetry-old Gandhi's life could not be taken, He literolly gave it awoy every day, ëvery moment. His life wos perpetually up for grabs, He gove it to his assossin, He gave it to everyone he approached, No one could snotch it from him for he hod olready ploced it in their honds. lûhereas most of us fearfully clìng to our lives in the illusÌon that we are loving, Nevertheless, if we con signifìcantly diminìsh our fears, we con make o slight gift of ourselves; thot unigue g¡ft thot only we can give. For no mltter how long the world spins or the sun shines we will 'never reappear on the face of the earth, So we must be ourselves to give ourselves, And love is giving ourselves eff.ortlessly, without osking or desiring anythìng in return, And shared love is a mirocle of the communion of uniqueness, At first I thought the title of the book was weak but now I think it reflects lra's message well. Truly it would be a miracle if we could be a little kinder, a little less fearful, a little more loving. lra speaks about the necessity for the political organization of nonviolence but I'm afraid that's not where his heart is. His special insight his special delight involves nonviolence in a more intimate sphere. To learn more about love and nonviolence on this essential level, this book is warmly recommended. Despite the reference to Gandhi above, the thing that surprised me most was the lack of emphasis on Gandhi. lra's fond of saying-and indeed says in the book, "Gandhi, the rat! He ruined my life." Well, may_be. Br4t lra appears It is to Arlen'r .rédit that he doesn't proselytize, doesn't ' to be getting over iL ln his book list, Gandhi doesn't even say, "See, if you didn't use guns, the police wouldn't shoot, make first team ("master magicians" such as.BJake, Tolstoy, you up." He leaves.such moralizing to other radicals, for Dostoevsky, Proust, Kafka, Marx and Engels) but is relegated our silence during the trial is assurance to him that his to the f ist of "apprentice magicia¡s," along with Chekhov, thoughts wíll Qe conveyed, and will be conveyed.by those Brecht, Borges, Plato, and Freud. whci have a greater right to offer censure: i: Because I love to read tr¡alstories more than any other The book is handsome and austere. lt hasãblack cover .thing-is that some fascist resi{ue in my soul?-l was dis- ' and end papers. The dust jacket features pencil drawings of appointed that the book was so short and that thq lçgal three of lra's favoritesi King Gandhi and Aldous Huxley. proceedings were glossed over. However, Arlen mukêi up The " l ntroduction" by Joan Baez is an ex tract frorrr her for the lack of trial minutia by providing readers wiÍh a autobiography, Doybreak, A plethora of typographical errors mars this book. I've comprehensive background on the politics and sociology of sent a,list of 27 typos I spotted along to the publisher in / Chicagq from 1969, when the massacre occurred, to '1972, the hope that they might-be cofre'cted in a fulure edition. when the trial was held. His description of political eventg On the dust jacket, Gandhi is twice spelled Ghandi. T.his and their stars read like poetry. Arlen has a wonderful eye for the contradictions and absurdities of political protocol, misspelling is found frequently (and, al4s has*even cropped up in the pages of WIN). I wondèr why. Do ybu suppose and the complexities.of ethnic and boss politics in Chicago iî's becau.se if you sigh as you say "Glndhi",it comes out become easy to understand when if is his word:.which explain them. "Ghandi?" Mark Morris It ís too bad, however, that simply a lealization of the injustice and corruption that is rampant in Chicago under AN AMERICAN VERDICT tvlay.or Dalpy isn't enough to banish theri_w.ndy Michael f . Arlen / Dbubledayhnd Co., 1973 l196 pp. Schwartz For many white radicals-in New York City, at least-Fred 1, Hampton was no more than a name on a day-glo poster.held I by a Youth Against War and Fascism" We knêw váguely that ì he was a Black Panther and was murderedþy the [olice in Chicago, but the real meaning of his life añd death was obGail Slreehey / Dell Paperback / $1.50 scured whén the signs that invoked his namowere used as a P¡ty the poor working girl!You will after you read Gail trashing tool after demonstrations. Sheehy's irtslde'l'ook at the fly-by-night (and sleep-by-day) An American Verdict is the real 5tory behind the mas lives of New York City's ladies of pleasure. The material ¡1c19 of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark that Deóember, originally ran as a series, over the past couple of years in 1.9.69, morning. lt is written by Mjchael J. Arlen,,an esiabNew York magazine. Hustting probably would read like lished journalist-a man who not only'isã colorfùl and caresciencefictiôn to a little old lady, but her conventionful writer, but who has a strong grasp on the sense of irony þoing husband might find it a little too realistíc. lt is visitors that is a thread through American'street politics. ' The irial that resulted from'tlie murders was different like him who support the f ucrative "industry" which reportI er Sheehy found even has tentacles that reached the former ,, . from the other political trials that have commanded our president's family circle. Seems there's a good possibility ' .' . attention in rècent years: this time it was the government that "PeepaliVe, Roman Mæsage Parlor, Rector Booksandl which was the defendan! the Cook County Siate,s AttorBob's Bargain Books," which she says are "undoubtedly the. , ney and thirteen policemen were beingrforced to prove that most degenerate pornographic assemblage in the City of :, they had not "conspiied to obstruct justice" wheñ they New York" are owned by Eddie Finch Cox's uncle. And, if : burst into the Panthers' apartment at dawn and opened fire you remember your American history, E. Finch Cox was ex- .'.'., on nine sleeping Blácks. They had a search warrant to look .1 prexy Nixon's son-in-law for the Love of God! for illegal firearms, and when,no one answered their dÈ Hustling is a fascinating look at the prostitution business .,¡;,: mands to open the door, they forced their way in, and fired with a fascinatjng cast of ðharacters iniluding Redpants, a 'i::!i: close to a hundred rounds of ammunition, most from mayoung bläck hóoker (Gail Sheehy says she's ã composité,. ' chine !uns, into the apartment. but she has.the writing skill to make her and her other That the Grand Juiy would even return indictments characters see'm real eñ"óugh to care about). There's Red- , against members of the Cook County Jirstice Department pant's pimp, Sugarman, the archtypical black pross boss. juitice of is semblance iiperhaps an indication that some Th.ere's fat,.swe4ty'limmv Della Bêlla-Jimmy The Bgautistill maintained in even a Boss-controlled city like Chicago. ful-sitting in tffè-wlndowdaf:hi¡pee{y frosridufion hätel on judge is defendents evifor the found But the fact that the Eighth {venue warning the hookers when a squad car rdu¡ds dence that the facade and substance of justice as two dif' the corner. He's even got a mirror on the windowsill to spot : ferent things. the prowl cars blocks away. | .: Arlen, though clearly taking the Panthers' position in in accepting their difficulties the Hustling is the sad and pathetic story of a big business. this trial, confronts head-on ._- . general platform. "lt is hard to remember th€ way that "Using the most current figures available, .there a"re an esñuch of the white society regarded the Black Panthers when timated 200,000 to 250,000 prostitures in the United Stares tod.ay. Taking the lower estimate, at only six contacts a day, they first appeared in the 1960's-those fearsome, " frightening arms-bearing black men, with their paratroop 4nd at the bottom price of $20 per,trick'the millions of .c.lients of prostitution contribute to the support of the unberets, and swagger, and revolutionary rheforic. . .the first 'antiwar protests had not come that long before-our kids, derworld the incredible sum of between seven and nine bitlÌon dollars annually," she says. A first-class New york hookour nice kids, lying down,in front of troop trains. . .And er is goodfor now: black men with guns," He opposes the style of the _$J0,000 a year in her prime, according to Hustling. Of this, she,s lucky to keeþ So/o áfær she turns over Panthers while agreeing with their principles, and becomes, the.proceeds to her pimp. And, as the story goes, she ends then. much like "us kids" who are also apprehensive about gi. ving full support to revolutionaries up. beatjn, broke, alcoholic, andlor hookeð 6y the time she's whose tâctics are so different from our own. thirty. That's the real tragedy of Hustling. -Íonr McNamara HUSTLING : ¿ . wrN 21 Ets Bul a N NON-COMPETITI VE GAMES for chlldren and adults. Play together not agalnst each other. Free catalog; Famlly Pastlmes, Bolssevaln, Manltoba, Canada ROKOEO. ANARCHY MEANS LIBERTY ANO HARMONY. Send for free Anarchlst l¡terature available from sEDlTloN, 10169 AMNESTY CHRISTMAS CARDS, orlg¡nal des¡gn. l2 fof $5.O0 donatlon, Amnesty bracelets w¡th resisters name, $4.50 donatlon, Safe Return, 156 F¡fth Avenue, Room 1003C, New York, NY 10010. JOB oPENINGS: Two salarled openings for L¡bertarian Soc¡al¡st literature: Parisr May '68, workers' self-management, Hungary '56, Redeflning Revotut¡on. Write for current Newsletter and literature t¡st Phlta, Solidar¡ty, PO Box 13011, Phlla, PA. 19101. enef getic, cfeatlve, Movement-style people to do lndochina organlzlng out of nätional offlce. Starting ln November. Send resumes to¡ Coalltlon to Stop Fundlng the War, 110 Maryland Ave,, NE, Washlngton, DC BoARd 20002. il no $ ¡nvolved but l¡mited to 20 words. Otherwise $l every.lO woÌds. F ree WHY CAPITALISM CAN'T WORK Read Edward Bollamy's "Parable of the Water Tðnk." lcthus Communlcation Center, 1583 E. Colorado, Pasadena, CA 91106. t-ãj 75d e¿¡ Ç49, 60É ea¡ 50 up, 45C ea. Advance payment, plus 25A handling VEGETAR IAN TIMES, noÞvlolent eatlng. Sample copy free when you sencl 20É ln coin or postage, but why not subscribe now, just $3/9 lssues, Vegetar¡an T¡mes, 43104, Chlcago, lL 60690. HOMESTEAD SURVIVAL IN THE OZARKS: Organlc alternatlves ln mldPO Box Ainerlca. Land acqulsltlon, homesteadlng, gardenlng, food storage and much more, Threèvolume set $5 from Ozark Access. Center, Box 506W, Eureka Springs, Ar- I 'ì l' lr I NO RTHEAST OHIO,WAR RESISTERS' a U LEAGUE LOCAL GROUP NOW IN FOR. MATION. Organizatlonal meeting/good time Saturday, Nov. 16, noon. Call Owight Ernest, 30106 Loraln Rd., North Olmsted, Oh 44O7Ol z /t n rl q nn Film program on Culture and Assimilatlon in America, r'Rlse and Fall of the East Europèan "Good N¡ght, Socrates," ÍThe lnd¡anJew," Speaks," '¡Mlr Kumen Onr" Sunday Nov. 3, 3 pm, Atran House, 25 E, 78th St., NYCí spons, Jew¡sh Youth Bund. For a llsi of November events, wr¡te WOMEN'S CENTER CALENDAR, BK|yn College, 2416 James Hail, Bktyn, NY l12lO or call 2L2-78O-5777. Wrlte for free llsinq of ANARCHIST LECTURE SERIES held every Fri. at I pm at 339 Lafayette St., NYC 10012 or call 2r2-22ù0322, Caretaker(s) wanted for 3 room house, ¡solated 15 acre mountain farm. Approx. for longer term arrangements. Write¡ Jafar, pO Box 125, Odd, W Va. 25902., T hanksglvi ng! Easter. Posslbl lit¡es Alto, California 94302. The Community Church of Boston meets Sunday mornings at l0:3O AM at Boston Univers¡ty's Morse Aud¡torium at 602 Com'monwealth Ave. All lnvited, Programs: Hugh Wllson, Nov. 10; Scott Nearlng, Nov. 17; Nicola Gelger, Nov. 24. Project Red¡rectlon-Detroit, a mèn's con- tr¡butlon. 280 E. Boston, Detroit, Ml'4A2O2. 'v€Juír Þl co *$Y'EEf# WE ICA{ È ¡t À I need to borrow old photographs, good graph¡cs ¡mmediately f or vlsual movement h¡story book I from the early 19O0's to th€ present. Wr¡te: Bob Cooney, lnstitute for the Study of Nonv¡olencer Box 1001, Palo sclousness rais¡ng collectlve, sends a blmonthly newsletter upon recelþt of a con- kansas 72632. ll \^rH€Re AMI @lfrc? School got yop down? 216.777-3694, ovative conf erence,/retreat cen ter off erlng program ¡nteresting to WIN readers. ' Write for brochure: ooug wilsoñ, Kings H¡shway, Rowe, Mass 01367. I Sherman Rd., Munson Twsp, OH 44024. rr? s ß Then' bring it down! With the Youth Liberation Organizing Kit. It has four pamphlets (including How to Start a High School Underground Paper), copies of 5 high school underground papers;3 miniposters, and 2 sample copies of FPS: ø magazine of young peoplels liberøtion. All f