I .? W ffi November 2',1g78/4ol ffiffi i*#".q{. tr S. F #¿:åi¿.3{.}fr'l ¡ Fitr d J ftr{llc Vi{.}i-#FJ T,'q {: } f ''.f i.:i,, #¡{ ,, ' I ."0,.n ., ,,:.,.: :rl"; l- dership fol ¡+1 \ {'Ì t I Evil is not a force that inhabits the spirit of human beings in industry. Evil isbur fear ofthe unknown, the fear of death, the fear of powerlessneis. I raise the question ofevil because it was apparent the entire weekend that 'outthere' somewhere evil was lurking, waiting to strike. Whether it wore the black shroud ofdeath as it appeared on countless pamphlets, or it was visions of the skeleton-evoked apocalypse, or it was the landlord capitilist. ño matter what the represcntation, it was always outthere. always vicious and inhumän, always imminent. And out of our fears, we arose as the self-proclaimed just now went back and read "Who's On First? What's On Second?" (WIN, I l0/12/78), and was stunned. Martv Jezer is right-building alliances aîd coalitions among fellow movement members, radicals, etc., isfine. Butif we are going to "change the world, " we must concentrate on the ''outside. " That is where the untapped potential lies. Thanks again for the great publicationt _JAYWEST harlotte, N.C.. Thank you for publishing David McReynolds' excellent review of ' ' Madam Rosa, " (WIN, 10/5/78) and thank you eyes. The fact that the weekend happened at all, and that it drew so many of ûô together should have been gieat cause for celebration. But to this obseiver the despair hung over the conference like, shalllsay,acloud. I looked around and found a sprinkling _JOEGERSON of minority group members in attenCambridgo, Mass. dance. Except Nicky Perlas from the Philippines, who constantly impressed me with his calling our attentioñ to the international consequences of nuclear As a relative newcomer to the anti-nuke power, especially in the Third World, movement I attended the Critical Mass there wasn't much vocal expression from conference this past weekend in DC. I these minority peoples. came a'way with distinct imprêssions I In the all white, all-too-brief Southern could not have forecast on Friday. It was exciting to see and hear so many Caucus I raised the point that we all need to be aware ofthe use ofclassism and people whose expressed intent was to racism in the efforts to discredit our stop the nuclearization ofthe Earth. It movement-, and our need to face these was equally rewarding to meet with attitudes within ourselves. people from around the world and I feel 6afe in saying that a good 80% of country who could share their experithe people who participated in this conences with protest and dissent, and the ' governments' and industries' responies, ference were convinced ofthe necessitv ofrestructuring our social, economic aid Everyone seemed genuinely intent, poltical systems before nuclear power involved and concerned. They also became a hot issue. I think its attraction seemed frightened, worn out, and none for many has been its apparently clear too hopeful. At times while I listened to workshop leaders I felt I could have been catastrophic potential, and the use of this potential as a tool offear, as an easy at any ultra-conservative rally listening means of selecting an enemy, and as a to the warnings ofthe Red Threat, ofthe nightmarish scenario around which to dangers offlouride. The standard scare build a mass movement, phrases of Joe McCarthy, Nazis, and The notable exceptions to this rule of fascism were all raised in emotional fear include the sucèessful camoaisn .tones. against CWIP in Missouri baseä oñ' I believe that the centtalization of power inherent in nuclear power genera- rational intellisence and trustins oeoole tion is dangerous to everyone's civil liber- to think with thleir heads and nof'riith' ties. I believe the potential destruction to their hearts. I will continue to work against the irlife is greater than any technology yet developed. I refuse to believe, however, rationality ofnuclear techñology, but I in evil. Evil is nota force that inhabits the will work harder on overcoming our own fears, prejudicei and feelings õfbeing bodies of human beings in government. David for writing it. \ crusaders. At first I found it distressing. But then, quite franklv, I found it õorine. I cannot claim tô have had contacl with even one tenth ofthe almost 800 participants at the conference, but I waõ somewhat saddened by those whom I did meet. They seemed worn out, not to be caring for themselves or each other, Not allowing time for fun or sharing of successes. On the rare moments when success was announced and good stories told, faces brightened, laughler or relief rolled from thirsty throats ãnd the hope that we might wiri was sparked in our' 2 WIN Nirvermber 2, 1978 is to be attained by educating the masses to a sense oftheir capapity to regulate the underdog that can only bring failure to all ofour good intentions. I arrived home after typing this letter in the afternoon to find the latest issue of WIN with the superb article by Marty Jezer (WIN, l0 / 12 / 78). I have iust completed reading it and strongly support his contentions. Martv writes in ã verv clear, flowing and understandable manner that points out faults whilç offending no one. " and control authority. Many thanks to Marty Jezerfor sharing his perhaps unpopular perceptions. Not a meetins should continue until evervone has iead his Piecel " SantaCloz' Callf. This letter is addressed to people who are active in the Mobilization for Survival. I'm not opposed to demonstrations in WashingtonDc' I'm not oþposed to demonstrations involving thousands of oeoole because demonstrations such as -JEFFREYW.LONDON Raleigh,N.C. Marty Jezer's article, "Who's On First? What's On Second?1'(\YIN, 10/12178) is the best thing written about the antinuclear movement to datet It is a comprehensive political and historical approach to the symptomatic problems we refuse to confront. I helped organize and participated in the August 6th direct action at Diablo Canyon. During the action I had a deep sense of discouragement. It felt like a parade. Four hundred people festively out to ' 'Stop Diablo. " But every person I talked to in that town (San Luis Obispo) said the same thing: "I'm concerned about that nuke too, but you kids are doing it the wrong way. ' ' We alienated the commuriity by our very tool: civil disobedience. And now the Abalone Alliance is in the throes of controversy because people \Ã/ant to "do it again" (this-time-withten-times-as-many), The group refuses to acknowledge its political myopia; while we struggle to keep afloatÍinancially, we repeatedly put aside our internal political structure (of lack thereof) forthe pressure ofmass action. The Abalone is so blind in its dedication {o mass nonviolent civil disobedience that it can't see where it's obsolete, or ai least inappropriate. Mass demonstrations put (our) force against (their) force. Butlhat's all wrong. Our true power lies in individual strength and commitment, not in battling along with 400 or 4000 other people. Not that numbers aren't significant. But if the power is only in numbers then we are a weak lot. It takes only separation to destroy us. The problem with the anti-nuclear movement is a symptom of American society. {e are taking atradition, civil disobedience, a concept rooted in philosophy and coútemplation, and usins onlv the idea. It's incomolete. onlv a ven-eer.ïhere's always beerian aúrac"tion to things anti-social or'anti-establishment. And a tendency to only go skin-deep. As Jezerpoinis out, ifrhout the political and historical perspective, thafis, without a clear senie ofihe entire system involved, we will either arrive at the wrong strategy or only go so far. The answet is to create aã effectively politicized community. To ensase individuals through a sense of the'Írõwn empowerment to take control over their Iives. Mahatma Gandhi wrote: "swaraj (the rule ofall people, the rule ofjustice) -;I)EENãIIT'RWITZ 1ì I j l: ¡ L Þ t, I j I ¡ I I I i l I I I I I I I I I ¡ ¡ 1 1 I I ¡ I i iheie are empowering to people' What I am ooposed tb is demonstrations which are càlied'inational demonstrations.." - Áiatiõ"al áemonstration by its vely* natufe consumes scarce local resources. If we ball for a national demonstration and onlv a few people attend, it would be classifiðd as a failuie. Therefore a national demonstration puts a lot of pressure on peoDle to make it a success and this is dõne while local activities are neelected. Local actions and a national aciíon are not mutually exclusive but resources committed to one will notbe availablè for the other. We äre al! working againstthe clockto prevent the bombs from being used. Since time is at a premium I think we need to decide where tofocus our energy. In Washington we have people, who ãre interested in controlling us, ap' propriating moneyto build more weapons. Throughout the country we Dear Friends, have people making a living by building theseweapons. Is it easier to stop money from being approptiated forweapons or to convince people to stop building them? In most cases the people building these weapons only do so for economic reasons while the adminstrators who fund these \t eapons programs do so out of a desire to coïtrol the world. I believe it would be easier to convince people to stop building these weapons than to convince the government to endtheirfunding. If you look at our Mobilization conferende (WIN, l0 / 5 / 78), it was the unions who came and said "We don't want to build these things. " No member of the present administration came to tell us that they do notwantto fundweapons programs. paniel Ellsberg had indicated that the presence of demonstrators influenced him in his decision to leave the government. What I want to know is why I did not receive the same support when I was building nuclear weapons at Bendix. Why was everyone always gone to national demonstrations ? I think we should look closely at our opposition, the government, the military', and the multinationals. They are centralized and there is no way we can match their concentration of power and we should not try. We should not centralize ourselves because it is not a good strategy to get into a rooting contest with a pig. Instead we should be working to promote community control and thus bring power to the people. uDt12 1978/Vol. XIV No.37 Nov 4. Leadership for Chang e / Bruce Kokopeli and Ceorge Lakey 15. Democratic Left Plots Responseto Right Wing Advance/ J ackClark 17. Changes 20. Reviews /Ray Olson. David McReynolds Cover: òrawing by Susan Beadle _PATJLSCHAETTR KanrasCltyrMo. . WIN Magazine is in trouble. Not with the police, the FBl, ÇlA, or var¡ous right wing react¡onar¡es, but with money. That's.right, that old bugabõo, monçy.. .the stuff that the staff uses to buy food, pay rent, añd now and then to buy a new T-shirt or underwear. The WtN staff is grievously behind in salaries, since the pr¡nter, the posl office, and (gasp!) even the tax man get theirs first and there's not enough left over to pay the people who do the work. The work of Wl N Magazine... it's the peace movement's source for news...not so much news of the world, but news of us, of our move' ment, of our{emonstrat¡ons, programs, analyses, lifestyles, and successes. The work of WIN Magazine keeps us strong, and more im' portantly, keeps us creat¡vely in toqch. Howoften haveyou heard, "Did you see ¡n WlN. ..?" ot "WlN has this article.. ." 01 t' According to Wl N.... "'This is a sign of inf luence influence that comes of competence, dedication, and significance. When I ran a small weekly newspaper in the wilds of NewJersey, we often úsed stories from WtN as a source of information genu¡ne¡y \ relevant to our readers. Not radicals, political soph¡st¡cates, or counterculturists...but farmers, work¡ng people, small merchants. It's Wl N and not Newsweek that tells what ii really happening to them, who is really doing what to whom, and what we are doing back. The work of WIN Magazine has been to support our movement. lt ¡s the work of our movement to support WlN. Without it, we'll all lose. So please respond to the fund appeal you ¡ust rece¡ved. STAFF Susan Beadle ¡ Patrick Lacefield Michael Lardner o Lauri Lowell Murray Rosenblith 503 Atlantic Ave./Sth floor Brooklyn, NY 11217 Telephone : (212) 624-8337, 624-8595 UN¡NDICTED CO.CONSPIRATORS Sandra Adickes o peg Averill* o Jan Barry. Lance Belville. Karl Bissinger o Maris Cakars o Susan . J erry Coffin o Lynne Shatzkin Cbffin . Ann Mori¡ssett Davidon -t Ruth o o Dear Ralph Dicia* William Douthard . w.D. Ehrhart. Robert Ellsberg/ . Dwight Ernest r Ruthann Evanoff ¡ Chuck Fager o J im Forest ' Larry Gara o Ed Hedemann* ¡ Crace Hedemann ' Marty Jezer o Paul Johnson . John Kyper. Ell¡ot L¡nzer' .lackson MacLow ¡ David McReynolds* . Mary Mayo David Morris . Mark Morris . J ¡m Peck ¡ Susan Pines' . leal Roodenko' o Vicki Rovere* o Charlie ,o Scheiner* o Wendy Schwartz* r Craig Simpson Martha Thomases . Art Waskow. Susan Wilkins Beverly Woodward ¡ Van Zwisohn* Cakars o Sybil Claiborner "M'êmber of Wl N editorial board Peace, Van Zwisohn WIN EditorialBoard November 2, 1978WlN 3 \\ d D ERSHIP FOR CITANGE by Bruce Kokopeli and George Lakey with drawings by Susan Beadle ff "*í' -..-rrtqllF, rh¡'. "f|"" Å.i \ -\ INTRODUCTION WIN offersthis analysisof shared leadership in the hope that it will promote discussio n and change within the nonviolent Left. Bruce Kokopeli and Ceorge Lakey have studied the problem and put togeth e r th i s g u i d e to ef f ectu ate n o n h i erar ch i ca I and nonsexist modes of leadership. We particularly encourage reader response on this pressin g issue; an exchange of your thoughts and experience:s will f urther develop this f rontier within the socialahange movement. \ LEADERSHIP AND LEADERS: WHAT'STHE DIFFERENCE? t was quite an occasion. The eminent leader of a social change group in another coqntry was , 'visiting us, sharing ideas f rom his storehouse of ex- perience. J uSt before he departed he took aside one of the older members of our organization and offered some advice: "This group needs a strong leader. You are the man to do the job." Our member argued in vain that we were trying a different style, both collective and egalitarian; we thought that leadership consists of a variety of functions which can be sharedand there is no need to lump those f unctions together in one person called 1'the leade r. " The visitor would hear none of it. Back homejhe said, the organization holds bilities. The feminist perspective shows howold leadership models are intertwined with the continuation of patriarchy. By patriarchy we mean a social structure in which women are dominated and gayness is suppressed. lt is not the only dom ination structure (class, race, age are others), but it is an important one. lt deeply ínf luences both the culture as a whole and each of us individually through unequal opportu n ities, rewards, 4dd pun i sh ments and the internalization of sex role èxpectations. Patriarchal Leadership Patriarchal leadership means the f ihal responsi- ,{ bility is vested in one person: "The buck stops here." However much delegation ofnguthority there i.s, the ultimate power rests with.the pgrson at the top. The organizational structure-looks like a pyramid and the preoccupation is co¡lrol. Some- -"s Lecturer in Peace Science at the IJniversity of Pennsylvania and active in the Moverhentfor a New Society . He wrote Strategy for a Living Revo- lution. 4WlN November2, 1978 together because he leads it well. Every organization needs a leader. Even among people dedicated to radical social change, there aré large differences about what leadership could and should mean. We have been bruised by power-hungry leaders and inspired by leaders who evoked ourtrust. We are sometimes intimidated by the leadership of others and uncertain about our own capacity for leadersh ip. lt's easier to.be conf used or angry about the question of leadership than to be clear about it. Fortu nately, todayl s h i storical s ituation al lows us to do f resh thinking on this question. We do not have to resign ourselves to yesterday's conclusions. Feminist writers, social scientists and movement experimenters are all pointing to new possi- times there is rebellion and we real'iiä'that all along the actual power is in the people andtheir compliance. However, as long as people;ãre following the rules of the status quo, control f lô\¡vs down f rom the leader at the top. "' is The blatant form of patriarchal leadership authoritarianism. (Here, as elsewhere in this artit ,November2, lgZBWlN 5 I l l cle, we use the analytical method of " ideal types. " No situation is exactly like anyof thetypes described here-the types are abstractions, models drawn from the complexity of everyday reality in order to clarify what is going on. ) The leâder controls through threats as well as ability to perform leadership f unctions. The threats may range from physical intimidation to threats to resign and leave the group without its leadership needs being met. The leader can face down challenges to his leadership in personal conf rontations if need be ("his" because the authoritarian leader is traditional ly a mdn). He embodies such masculine characteristics as toughness and aggressiveness, and must not reveal any feminine characte,ristics he may have. An example of this kind of leader is Richard Nixon, who reportedly begged Henry Kissinger not to et anyone know that he f once cried. Domination as a leadership style is fading in many places. Although still glorif ied in the army and criminal gangs, dominating leaders are being replaced in some places by people who reject intimidation and instead seek to win the conf idence of the group. They are still at the tops of pyram ids \ and still control theirorganizations, but they are nice instead of overpowering. This alternative style we call paternalism. On television we watched the paternalist in "Father Knows Best" -a nice, likeable man who is skillf ul in solving problems but doesn't share the skills or assume that anyone else can exercise them as well as he does. The paternalist includes the feminine characteristicof nurturance in his role; he cares. ln fact he constantly does good forothers; he visibly puts enormous energy into f illing the leadership f unctions a group needs, and he wins their rêspect - and their dependency- by h is devotion to their needs at his own expense. (lncreasingly, women are getting io play the top leader role in organizations, and they sometimes adopt the " paternal i st" style. We' I I conti n ue to use "he" though, because paternalism is a characteristically male accomodation to challenges to patriarchy. The feminist response which many women are making is described below.) Some i n stitution s stron gly encourage paternalism forthêir leadership style: churbhes, social work agencies, the modern nuclear family. The institutions expect their leaders to be in control, butto exercise their authority through helping others and being good for them. The actual rneans of exerting power becomes quite subtle. The leader does so much that he piles up indebtedness in his followers; notonly are ihe leadership f unctions being met, but also with such caring and self-sacrif ice ! Would the rest of us want to work such long hours, take on such responsibil ity, be subject to the strai n of recurri n g cri ses ? We should be grateful forthis devotion, and know that our small part of the work should be done well lest he notice and be disappointed. 6WlN November 2, 1978 The tension inside paternalist-style.leaders is, of course, enormous. One source is the "hice guy" image to be cultivated while maintaining power, including the power to hire and f ire in staff-type organizations. A lotof messirress in personnel matters (in movement organizations,.as well), is related to the anrbivalence of the leacler how to f ire without appearing ruth less ? Another source of tension for the páternalist leader is'between personal needs for self-realization and the requirements of maintainirrg power through being good forothers. The blatant styleof patriarchal leadership, authoritarianism, exercises control directly on the group, and ntay leave considerable energy left for personal wants. The paternalist controls others indirectly, by controlling himself and maintaining a "doing for others" posture. The classic exarnple is tlìe Roman Catholic priest, who gives up many roads to personal satisfaction in order to be vîsibly available for other's needs. And, not surprisingly, in the Roman Catho-. lic church we easily f ind rigidities of control and a stout defense of patriarchy by religious leaders. The poignant moment for the paternalist leader is when he feels his loneliness and looks in vain for the gratitude which is surelyowed him. His fol- lowers, it often turns out, are also ambivalent. They are grateful in one sense, but they are also resentf ul of the dependency of their position. They feel at some level the deprivation of.¡heir own rightf ul power as human beings, and they sometimes focus that anger on the leader without seeing the structure which has them all boxed in. Open revolt may come with the anger'or, alternatively, a sullen ineff iciency wh ich drives the leader to f rustration: ''How can they f ai I to do what they said they'd do, after all l've done for them ?" Paternalism is a big step forward from authori- tarianism towards humanizing leadership, but both authoritarian i sm and paternal i sm maintain the power of the group f irmly in their leader's grasp. The-authoritarian leader doesn't care if he is meeting the basic needs of the group. The paternalist leader cares, but group members f ind.it very diff icultto make needed changes against his will without rebelling against hirhi Reactions to Patriarchal Leadership Because we have al I eÍperienced these styles of leadership, and they have failed to meet our needs time and again, we have wanted to rebel. We have found that our disdain for Richard Nixòn echoes our disdain for the teachers, bosses, and parents who have alsobeen unresponsive to our needs. Our strong personal feelings about the old styles of leadersh i p have,welcomed thought-out criticisms. Our anger has coincided with our analysis. Having experienced the worst forrns of leadership, manyof us in the movement declared leadershipto be bankrupt. We attempted to form and run "leaderless" groups. The groups often fell apart quickly; where they held together it was because leadership was in fact exerted, þut in a hidden way so that no one knew quite what was happen ing. We didn't see the very crucial difference between leaders and leadership: between the role and the functions. We denied the roleof leader,but didn't have an alternative structure that dealt with the functions of /eadership. This diffèrence is important because groups, organizatiorrs and societies do need leadership, but they do not need leadersl They need thefunctions to be filled, but not by one (or a few) leader(s). Leaders who arethreatened will often usethis conf usion, unknowingly, to keep their posi{ion of power. The argument is that the group needs leadeiship, the leader is providing that leadership, and so the group needs the leader. ln aworkshop that one of the authors attended, the workshop leader actually began to storm out of the workshop when the group didn't accept his agenda. Hetold the group that if they didn't want to do what he'd planned, then he would leave and they could do whattheywanted. Because most of the leadership functions had been placed in this leader, his offer was a choice between accepting his authority as leader or being faced with a group workshop without l'eadersh ip. The f unctions of leadersh i p and the role of leader weren't separated in this case, and so there was really no choice at all-because â group cannot function without leadership. ì Feminist Reactions to Patriarchal Leadership ' The feminists saw in sexistorganization the degradation and powerlessness of women. They recognized the lack of attention to feelings and nur. turance in male-led organizations; at the same timg they expressed newfound pride in some feminine qualities which patriarchy held in contempt. The November2.1978WlN 7 ilr Although it is importantthatwomen recognize that we do iot have equal abitities (we are not allthe same), leadership among women impl ies, perhaps for the Íirst time, a possibility of a relationship among polítical equals. (Same Quest article) Social Science-A Parallel Development Over the past century, social scientists have developed, then discarded or refined, several theories of what leadership is. We have found a lot of similari' ties betweeq the experiences and thinking of the f em i n i st mdvement an d these leailersh i p theori es. The social scierttists lack a feminist analysis, but they do provide much useful information regarding morale f unction of nurturance was emphasized by feminism and consciousness-raising groups blossomed. Consciousness.raising (CR) groups were ex- plicitlydevoted to their members. Therewas no outside task to accomplish. The group existed for support and growth. As Charlotte Bunch points out, ...The original groups in women'S liberation which \ we r e p r i m ar i ly sm al I consciousness r ai si n g g r ou ps oÍ f ive to '15 people, started in reaction to both the male Left and the male establishment; the kinds of leadership, the kinds of elite, the kinds of power of parti cu I a r i nd iv i d u a I s th at went w ith a I I th at were whatwe saw as male forms, the male structures of leadership. Our desire was to avoid those structures, to somehow build a new kind oÍ movement, a new kind of participation, participatory democracy-whatever word you want to call it. ("What Future for Leaders\ip?" Quest, Spring 1976, p. 3) But, over time, the women's movement found that thq consciousness-raising group's sole emphasis on nurturance could not challenge patriarchy. " ln the beg inn in g; people didn't see the women's movement as a large political force for the f uture," Charlotte Bunch recalls. After some CR group experiences, ...We began to see that the movementwas political, we also began to lace the question of structure and leadership. We saw that itwasn't goingtotake a few months of f iguring out how to handle our relationships or s¡tuatians in a particular job, but the next 50 years of our lives in struggle against society's oppression of women. We started thinking about what ought to be the structures, the forms oÍ organization, and the leadership to guide that strqggle. (Same Quest arti'cle) The failure of the CR groups to f ill needed f unctions forthe women'S movement gave cause to rethinking. Flipping back into patriarchal leadership structures,, with their "no leaders means no leadership" rltionale, has been atemptation. Some resisted that pressure by hanging on to the ''we have no lgaders" alternative. But that has not worked either. BWIN November2,1978 The movement needs structures that realize the difference between leaders and leadership. We need feminist leadôrship strong enough to wage the struggle, and human enough to make worth it when we succeed. WHAT DOESSHARED LEADERSHIP LOOK LIKE? Shared Leadership - A New Model lf authoritarian and paternalist patriarchal leadership forms are inadequate for a liberation movement, and the anti-leadership reaction prevents dynam ic and effective action, where shall we turn ? We need a vision of what leadership could be. Women's consciousness is evolving a perspectiveon leadership which excites us. lt resonates in our own experiences of quality leadership and is supported by social science theory. J ackie Stì Joan in the Quest issueon leadership describes this evolving leadership model. 6he ' follows writer Joanna Russ in pointing outthat in women's science f iction, heroes are often groups of women; in other stories, the hero in one group may be on the periphery of another group. ln the lesbian feminist novels of J une Arnold, the consciousness and integrated efforts of the group is the powerf ul force, although one or two women may take leadership in a specif ic situation. ("Who Was Rembrandt's Mother?" Quest, Spring, 1976, pp.73-74) J ackie St. Joan goes on to say: fhese concepts s ugges t a patte r n of I e ad e r s;h i p f a r differentfrom men's, in which the group focuses on the leader in the center, with him and his con. stituents fortilying their egos back and forth. The expectation is that he is the leader now, and always and everywhere will be the leader. , . . Women's organic(i.e. notcontaminated by male systems) ways ol leading may be a kind of "shifting Ieadership'' which does not expect a leader to always and everywhere perform thatfunction. We call this view of leadership '1shared" to emphasize the equal stake members of,the group see themselves as having in achieving group goals and maintaining group morale. J aôkie St. Joan describes the power impl ications : what leadership is. Social scientists' earlythegries focussed mainly on the role of leader. A leadeiWas someone with the needed aúthorityto move a group forward. Sigmund Freud, for example, sawthe authority coming from the need for a father-f igure evên for adults. Never able to excape dependency completely, most adults Would go from father to father, p[oiect¡ng on hirn their need for love and direction. A group or organization, therefore, gained its sol idarity from the common allegiance of its members to the leader. (CroupPsychology and the Analysis of Ego.) One of the newer theories has an interesting 'parallel wìth what feminist women and other movement people have gone through. Experimental groups were assigned tasks and given leaders who used thr,ee different styles: authoritarian, laissezfaire, and democratic. The groups with the leaders who the experimenters called "democratic" were. in general most effective in getting the task completed and also had highest morale. These experiments remind us of the progression in the mÒvement from patriarchal forms (authoritarian) to leaderless efforts (laissez-faire) to the still emerging concept of shared or feminist leadership (democratic). Wh i le th i s view of leadership is very popular among progressive people, it leaves wide open the possi bi I ity of paternal ism. Most people today are still inf luenced by theories which focus attention on the leader. New 'theories, however, havechanged the emphasis, in order to keep pace with new knowledge about organizational behavior. Many people have nqt kept up with the social scientists, so we have a situation primed for conf usion. lt is as if most people still believe thatthe world is flat whileothers believe it is round. Most recently, social theory is supportive to the emerþing feminist perspective because it switçhes the emphasis completely from different ways of looking at /eaders to examining the functions of leadership. This functional view clearly sees leadership as the useof power, or influence, within a group to help it achieve its goals: With a group, when two or more members who : depend on one dnother to reach the group's goals ìnÍluence one another, leadership exists. The pro- cess of /eadershlp i s an i nÍ I ue nce rel aüonsh i p oc- curring among mutually dependent group members. Because all group members will at times influence other members, each group member will at ti mes exe rt I eade r sh i p. F r om th i s def i n i tion it may be seen that a dif f erence exists betwee n being adesignated leader oÍ a group (such as chairperson) and engaging in leadership behavior within a group (such as inÍluencing other membens to make the next rneet,n g a wine and cheese tasting party). Leadership implies that one person is influencing other group members; a designated leader implies that one person is in charge of the group and has been given the authority to exert leader- shipwithin it. (DavidW. Johnson and Frank P. Johnson, Joining Together: Croup Theory and' Croup Ski//s, pp. 17-18) This interpretation of leadership is helpful to us as social change activists. Our efforts to equalize power in society and in groups can be strengthened by using this theory to equalize the powers of leadership. lf dll of us can exercise leadership, then we will alltake more responsibility forthe group. This strengthens the group through democratizing it. "Democratic decision-making" is not enough. Decision-making i s an i nf lexible exerci se of power after the terms are set; the structure designates who can make what decisions under what circumstances. Leadership, on the other hand, is a f lexible use of power to inf luence other group members, thereby formulating the terms in which the decision is made. ln addition to democratic decisionmaking, therefore, we need democratic-or shared - /ea dership. It could be argued that accountabilityof leaders is suff icient; as long as we can replace an inèffective or corrupt leader, why worry? The diff iculty is that people who use power usually seek and gain more power. Those who only occasionally exercise power usually lose their sense of powerlessness (and their genuine inf luence). A classic example of this is the American people. Adults havethe decision-making powerto vote, but a decreasing number use that power; the sense of powerlessness in this country is pervasive Research on groups supports our conclusion about the impact of leadership structure on other aspects of group life. ln the standard text in the field, Cartwright and Zander summarizethe f indings of a number of studies: J Att of the leaders in these experiments were externally imposed upon the group, buteven so those leaders wha tended to distribute the f unctions of leadership more widely obtained group performances generally regarded as "better" in our society. When production was measured, itwas hi gher. When interpersonal affect was measu red, itwas more f riendly, And when cohesiveness was measured, it was stronger. (Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin Zander;Craup Dynamics: Research and Theory, p. 313) November 2, 1978 WIN 9 ltlost views of leadership today emphasize that leader.ship ¡s a matter of abilities and skills that are learned, and they stress thatcertain functions have to be lilled if the group is td so/ve the problems necessary for it to operate effectively. The functional theory of leadership tries to discover what actions are necpssary Íor a group to achieve its goals under various conditions and how different group members should take part in these group actions. Leadership is def ined as the performance of acts that help the group reach its goals, maintain itself in good working order, and adapttochanges in the environment, and these acts are group f unctions. (Johnson and Johnson ,p.22) Leadership f unctiòns are separated into two major categories: goal ach ievement and group ¡ Task Functions 1. lnformation and opinion-giving: offers facts, opinions; ideas, suggestions, and relevant information to help the group. 2. lnformation and opinion-seeking: asks for facts, information, opinions, ideas, and feelings from other members. 3. Starter: proposes goals and task, initiates action within the group. 4. Direction-giving: develops plans on how to proceed and focuses attention on the task to be done. 5. Summarizing: pulls together related ideas, suggestions, plans, proposals, and restates them by summarizing major poi nts. 6. Coord i nati ng: 1. Encouraging participatión: gives support to members to participate through giving recognition for contributions, being warmr accepting and open, and being responsive and attentive to group members' needs for involvement. 'i 2. Harmonizing and compromising:.'helps turn conf lict into opportunity for creative and co.nltructive solution-f indi ng, search i n g for common elements in conf licts anfl helping others to kèep unity in mind when they disagr,ee. 3. Relieving tension: creâtes fun, safe and relaxed atmosphere where members may feel secure and vulnerable, joking, playing games, taking breaks, doi n g non-work-related activities. 4. Hel pi n g comm un ication : makes commun ication accurate aÀd clarif ies misunderstanding. 5. Evaluating emotionãlclimate: pays attention to how people are feeling about the group and each other, helping people to express feelings and sharing own feelings. \. maintenance (commonly referred to as task f unctions and morale f unctions). Understanding these f unctions can make the difference between a group that f lounders anU a group that moves: \ Land. " (These are morale f unctions.) Leaders who are skilled in thesefunctions are Morale functions How does th is f unctional theory of leadersh ip work in reality? Since we all inf luence eabh other, is it even helpf ul to talk about leadership? We need a more specif ic def inition of leadership that can be applied to our own experiences with groups. Luckily, we have that: keeps perspectíve on relationsh i p between various sub-groups and individuals, between activities and proposed next Steps, and helps to keep the group functioning smoothly over-all (keeps things from slipping through the cracks). 7. Diagnoser: f igures out sources of diff iculty the group has in working together and the blocks to accomplishing its goals. B. Energizer: stimulates a higher qualityof work from the group. 9. Reality-testing: examines the practicality and workability of ideas, evaluates alternative solutions, and applies them to real situations to see how they would work, drawing on past experiences and history. '10. Evaluating: compares group decisions and accomplishments with long-range goals and with values and standards the group has set for itself, drawing implications for the f uture. 6. Process observer: examines the processes the group uses, providing information and evaluation for improvement. 7. Setting standards: states and restates the group standards and goals to he,lp group maintain Awareness-of direction of the work and of accomplishments, reestablishing acceptance of group norms and procedures. Active listening: accepts input and thoughtfully considers it, is receptive to others' ideas, proþosals, etc., and goes along with the group when not in disagreement. B, 9. Building trust: accepts and supports openness and vulnerability of other group members j reinforcing risk-taking and creating safety. 10. Sòlving interpersonal problems: promotes open and disciplined discussion of conf lict between .group members to resolve conf licts and increase cohesion. Within the task functions, there are several ways to help a group do goal-settihg. We want to emphasize the importance of this because it is often over- looked by groups without "strong leaders. " We must all pay attention to how a group is proceeding toward its long-range goals, and help target objectives which will help achieve those go4ls. One quality that many þeople see as a leadership f unction is inspiration. Certainly leadership in¡ cludes encouragement for the group to keep going even when things are very hard. One way to do that is to restate the goals and perhaps the ultimate vision of the group, and put the group's cugent situation in an optimistic framework. (These are goal-setting functions.) Anotherway is to encourage more warm support within the group, and to strengthen the connections between individual and group goals. Croup singing is often effective for this; some songs have exactly that content, for example "Come and Co With Me to that \ called inspirational, although what they do turns the group toward itself for vision and renewed strength. There is another kind of inspiration which does ñot do this, but instead focuses the group's attention on a single person, sometimes perceived as charismatic. That person mobilizes the group throúgh her/himself , by her/his enormous certainty, articulateness, and "presence." ln a sense, the group then borrows its motivation and bolsters its shaky conf idence by believing in its leader's vision and clarity. We f ind this a tempting shortcut to group solidarity but self-defeating in the long run. lt mystif ies leadership and plays into the masculinist style of the certai n, authorit¡itive, and articu ate leader. Further, the opposition then has an easier time hurting the group, by co-.opting the leader or, if that proves impossible, by destroying her or him. The assassinations of Martin Luther King, J r., Malcolm X, and Candhi are all reminders of how vulnerable movements can be when structured around a leader. I Patriarchy and LeadershipFunctions Of the leadership f unctions that we have recognized, the task f u nction s ( goal-sètti n g an d goal accornpl i sh ment) are the f u nction s most common lythought of as " leadersh ip. " The rnorale functions that nurture the group members and their feelings are not seen as leadership qiralities nearly as much. The task f unctions also wield more power than the morale f unctions. Once the goals are set, the morale job is to adjust members' feelings to the group's new direction. The task f unctions (goalsetting, etc. ) have more independence of action, and therefore more power. Also, those f illing task f unctions are more likely to interact with others out- side the group, wh ile the morale f unctions are mostly f illed by interaction within the group. Status in this society is linked to mobility; that status generally translates into power for those performing task functions. Men aretaughtto "getthe jobdone," while women are told to nurture and give support.. The functions the men fill are valued more by society and are more powerf ul. The nuclear family exemplif ies the sexist division of leadership functions and is the place where it is most intensely learned by young people. r Same-sex organ izations often reveal the connection between leadership f unctions and sex roles. The military is predominantly male and largely un- concerned with feelings or individual needs. The task is paramount. A drill sergeantdoes not worry about how a recruit is feeling; he wants the soldier to follow orders eff iciently. On the other har¡d, women's organizations tend to emphasize nurturance. Even the politicdlly oriented League of Women Voters is more concerned with the process of political dlections than with their outcome. Patriarchy is served well by this sex role division of leadership f unctions, and by the conf usion betlveerí leaders and leadership. The outcome is organizations where male leaders have concentrated þower. They f ill the.task f unctioós by def in ing the group's goals, strategies andtactics; they defend this position by holding out "no leadership" as the only other option to their authority. They are recognized as necessary to the group's functioni ng, and either respected or feared às ''leaders. " At the same time, women continue to f ill the morale function without apparent poweror status. The necessary leadership that women are expected to '' fil I is invisible to a sexist society. Shared leadership in a feminist vision, then, values the morale functions highly and sees that the power of the group in the long run is as dependent on the nurtu.rance of its members as on its efficiency in particulartasks. Moreover, all group members develop skills and caring in morale-building; with men, as-much as women, ulf illing that f unction. Shared leadership can only.persist'in a cooperative structure. When people growtired of dependf November2, 197BWlN 10WlN November 2- 1978 1.1 ,1 It inhibits power seekers still underthe influenceof ing on the supermarket and decide on an alternative, they don't simply buy food from a farmer and patriarchal styles. Because everyone performs dump iton someone's lawn, leaving itthereforthe taking. They create a structure for cooperation, with attention to sharing responsibility as well as benefits. Without a structure, a food co-op could appreciation for the work of leadersh ip - not the old appreciation born of indebtedness to the leader who does so much for us, but an appreciation not do its in other settings, too, shared leadership needs more than goodwil I . The paternalist style often has sponsibility. job. I goodwill. What makes shared leadership possible is agreement on expectations and discipl ine rqgarding fol low-through. Th i s means being explicit about leadershipfunctions so the group can see what is happening and so there is no mystificatioñ of howthings work. ln addition to knowledge and skills related to the group's task (peace action', tenant organizing, strike support, etc.), group members also need the knowledge and skills of group process. Fortunately, the knowledge and skill of good process isn't hard to learn, except for people deeply entrenched in patriarchal leadership styles. Once learned, the knowledge enables the f unctional shifting around which the feminist perspective points to, for no one or few any longer hold a monopoly of knowledge of what makes a group go. Shared leadership liberates leadersl lt frees people who have been worn dewn by years of extra respon si bi I ity to water thei r garden s and n urture their souls. lt enables them to share their experienced wisdom atone moment, and followthrough with manual tasks the next. lt f rees them to take risks, the risks which inevitably accompany personal growth, for they now know that others are accepting responsibility. They can also say goodbye to loneliness as they "move in a common rhythm, " to quote from Marge Piercy's poem: some leadersh i p f unction s at some time, it bui lds rooted in our own experience of power and re- f shpred leader.ship. ¡ with people who submérge in thetask, who go intothefields to harvest and work in a row and pass the bags along, who itand in line and haul in their places, lield deserters butmove in acommon rhythm when the food mustcome in, olthe firebeputout. ' (Marge Piercy; ",To Be Of Use, " To Be Of Use, Doubleday & Co', Carden City, NY) Most important, shared leadership puts the members of the group in òharge. lt demystif ies leadership by getting everything intotheopen, and clarif ies each individual's opportunities for maintaining and changing the direction of the group. lt reduces irresponsible withdrawal because everyone can see clearly that the functions are shared; blame cannot be dumpedon "the leader." 12WlN November2,.1978 Breaking AwaY from PatriarchY: Thoughts on StrategY From an analysis of styles of patriarchal leaders and avision of shared leadership, weseetwo broad areas where immediate steps can be taken: structure and personal chánge. and of a sense of power and confidence is part of I want to be who are not parlor generals and HOWTOSHARE LEADEBSHTP Strttcture: Chapging an organization -or setting upa new one-can proceed by paying attention to the f unctions which must be f illed for effectiveness. The functions of goal-setting and goalachievement (task f unctions) and of cohesion (morale f unction$) must be f illed by a group, an individual , or a process . The organ ization can go down the list of f unctions andchart how each function isbeing met. Howthdse functions are distributed depends on the natureof the group (it's size and soon). Thefeminist concern is thatthey be met flexibly, with shifting of persons from one f unction to another, and that morale f unctions be highly valued. PersonalChange: lt is not enough to devise egalitarian process and a cooperativeoverall structure. lndividuals in theorganization need to have skills and conf idence to f ill the f unctions and use the process. lf most of the individuals have habits of passivity and self-doubt, they will not use their skills, and the initiative in theorganization will return to those who are "naturâl.leaders," that is, those who al ready have the confidence and experience. Therefore, the personal development of skills a very great deal of \ , Every group needs to think about itself as a whole. We know a movement grou¡i in the Midwest which appeared to be thriving, judging f rom the enthusiastic participation in its varietyof activities. The group, however, failed to grow. Only when three members formed a committee to think about the whole group, its general direction and vitality, did the group grow (and i4 the process became more solid). Both the ''attention to the Whole" and the perspective of lon g-ran ge goal s demand a capacity to "think big. " This is often diff icult for many people to do and is therefore frequently ignored. We need to support each other in f illing these leadership f unctions. Tactics of Structure There are more and more innovations which can be built into organizations to share their leadership functions. Here are a fewof thesê: Determining Overall Coals and Direction: The Movement for a New Society (MNS) began with an inadequate understanding of leadership theory. MNS people knew that task and morale f unctions could be shar.ed ratherthan lumpedtogether in a leader, añd knew also thevalueof collectives as the f undamental units of organization. MNS did not ' see the critical f unction of developing overall goals and direction, so once the basic f ramework for the organization was set, itwas rudderless. ln Philadelphia, the MNS network is now starting to fillthat need with.a Strategy Group whose job is to 1naintain air overview and facilitate the development of strategic priorities for Philadelphia MNS. The group, whose membership rotates, encourages strategy debates and collects ideas for new goals from MNS collectives. lt weaves this information together and submits it as a proposalto the collectives, who discuss and feed back. The group reform ulates if necessary and proposes agai n . Fi nal ly a network meeti n g of the col lectives agrees on the proposal. Consensus in Direct Action: Consensus is wellknown to work for groups whÍch have a lot of time to make decisions, A Quaker Action Croup (AQAC) used a variation of consensus in its pressure-filled second Phoenix voyage to Vietnam with medical supplies. ln that 1967 voyage, the sailing ship was harassed by South Vietnamese Naval.gunboats and pressured by the US. AQAG agreed on a two-tier decision process: consensus if there was time; decisioñ by the project director if therewas not, laterto be evaluated. The project director (who was called the political comm issar by the rest of the crew) was deeply committed to the consensus process, and repeatedly called meetings to discuss and agreeon contingency plans. As a result, despite crisis after crisis, the leader did not once have to use his authority; there was always an agreed-upon plan to implement. Fem i n i st an d pol itical theori st J oan Roth sch i ld argues in the Quest issueon organization that consensus is also the modeof decision-making most consistent with the feminist concept of freedom: i nterdependence, i ncl ud i n g self -real ization a nd support for others. (Winter 1976, pp. 24-25) Decentralization: Breaking with the Candhian tradition of top-down leadership of masé action (Candhi insisted on the lndian National Congress nam in g h im commander-in-ch ief ), theClamshel I Alliance set up an affinity group structure for its mass civil disobediencein'1977 . The 1400activists arrested at Sgabrook discussed issues in the aff inity groups, which sent representative "'spokes" to the body wh ich made decisions. Study Croups: Since knowledge is a form of power, the formation of study groups for ¡nembers to share information on vital issues is awayof sharing power and, therefore, leadership. The New American Movement has a program of study groups bui lt into rits organ izatioi. M eeti n g F aci I itati on T ech n i q ues: Dif f icult meetings are often guided better by co-facilitators, who spell each other's conductof the meeting and keep a more watchf ul eye on the emotional tone of the group. Si /ence after proposals are made and before brainstorms begin helps women f ind more sþace for speaking up. ln Sweden, neighborhood and community groups sometimes use small buzz groups tci increase participation and to reduce. dependency on the most articulate. Process obseryers reporting in from ti'me to time help everyone be more aware of things such as men speaking more often or longer than womeR. Agenda review at the beginning of the meeting enables changes to be made which could not be anticipated by the planners, and holds the facilitator accountable for the guidance of the meeting. Cooperative games I ighten the atmosphere, reduce tension, enable people to pay better attention to the business, and build morale . Evaluation bythe groupof what went well and what needs improvement demystifies meeting process and puts the members in chargeof theirown future conduct in meetings. November 2, 1978 WIN 13 t t Tactics of Personal Change "One of the special qualities that distinguishes feminist leadership from traditional leadership is its essentially educational nature. lf we as women are working to create a world in which power and responsibility are shared by all people, then we must unàerstand the process by which people become leaders, ancl thereby lead ourselves and each other toward that goal." (Lorraine Masterson, "Feminist Leaders Can'tWalkOn Water," Quest, Spring 1976,p.33) There arè two dimensions of persgnal change for: shared leadership: skill developmentand conf idence buì di n g . Moverhent-oriented ski I I sh ari n g has become more systematic in the past 15 years.. Several manuals are now available from the Movement for a New Society, which has brought leadership training ffom several f ields into its workshops and longer-term training programs. When hundreds of activists were imprisoned in armories in New Hampshire for protesting the Seabrook nuclear power plant, workshops were set up to share skills in organizing and group process' Confidence-building is just as important as learn ing skills, for without conf idence the skills go I unused. Conf idence-bui ldin g i nvolves learn i n g shared power and unlearning patriarchal power. Çaucuses can help empower people who have been controlled by traditional leaders. Women's and Third World caucuses are well-known; working class, gay, young peoplei's, and elders' caucuses are also needed in manyorganizations' \ By gathering together and comparing notes on what is keeping them quiet in meetings, they can support each other to throw off the old effects of in- timidation The members of a caucus can f ind a speak out empowering . ln th is procedure, the caucus stands before the meeting of the whole organization and, one byone, the caucus membeis tell simply and with feeling, how it ha's been to beworking class, for example, or gay. No response is allowed while thecaucus is present. Afterthe presentation, the caucus leaves for a period whiletheothers meet in small groups to react to what they heard . Another empowering techn ique is taking turns atthinking out loud on an issue. Sooften inarticulate people believe they have nothing to say, but when given the warm attention of someone who wantsio listen, they find they have a lot iust below conscious awàieness. ln taking turns, people in a meeting pair up. First one thinks out loud on an issuó for, say, f ive minutes, while the other listens, then the roles are reversed. This can be doneon the f loor of the meeting so it is an eff icient way of max!mizing participation, ' Caucuses; speak-outsandtakingturnsareall tools for learning to exercise power. Here are a few tools for unlearning patriarchal power' (Seethe WIN articleon "Howto Overcome Male Domination in the Moveme nt,' ' 11 /1O/77 , which includes a 14WlN November2, 1978 number of suggestions for men we will not repeat here. The reprint is available from MNS in a packet of articleson men's liberation.) thebuddy systern takes a few minutes in the beginning of a meeting. Men pair up and ask for support f rom their bud" dies: "On the fourth agenda item l'm likely to over- participate-help me stay cool on that.one!" "1' have a headache and might feel like sleeping-help me stay alert. " Once the system is established, it may take I ittle non-verbal comm un ication for support to be given; since so many men over- participate because of emotional needs for attention and approval , the buddy system can'make a dramatic difference in men's dominating behavior. Women can use this technique for their own empowerm ent, and al srì to'restrai n overl y-articu late sters . A second tool, when taking a position on an issue, is to share the process as well as the conclusion si with others. Male leaders "often present their position on iertain issues as accomplished fact, without sharing with their constitqents how they got to that position f rom having no position at all ," writes J ackie St. Joan. They "fail to presentthe contradictions, the diversity, and the struggle wh ich comprised the decision. " I f-'--lFf Press conference with Ifrom left) Rafe Pomerance, leg islat¡ve director of Friends of the Eleanor Smeal, president of Nat¡onal Organization for Women; Cesar Chavez A tool for helping a person to become accountable to the group wh ile still leaving necessary freedom of personal choice is the c/earness meeting. ln this process, the focus person chooses people whose opinion s/he values and places before them the crossroads s/he has reached, asking for feed- back. Support as.well as critical responses àre included. The individual hasthe benefitof having trusted people think about her or tiim, but is still leftto make an "individu4l decision." , We believe that people grow best in an atmosphere of warm aff irmation. Leadership is hard work, and people performing leadership functions deserve support. The advantageof sexual politicalanalysis such asthis isthat itenables usto see the difference between loving the person and cooperating with a behavior pattern which was laid on heror him by patriarchal culture. We who seek to change an organ izätion need tò love everyone involved and suppor! leadershlp, even while chaf lenging theold acceptanceof "the leader.'1 -AResources A manual for cooperative games is available for $1 from Friends Peace Committee, 1515 Cherry St., Ph i ladelph ia, P A 19102. Meeti ng F acil itation : the No-Magic Method is available from Berit Lakey for 6OC ai4719 Springfield Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19143. Resource Manual for a Living Revo/ution is the most comprehensive manual from New Society Press, 4722Baltimore Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19143 ($5.50). A list of MNS training programs and workshops is available from the same address. 'A Clearness Manualis available from MNS, 4722 Baltimore Ave., Philadelphia, P A19143. Hooks, executivedirectorof NAACP; Douglas Fraser; arm Workers. DEMOCRATIC LEFT PLOTS RESPONSE TO RIGHT.WING ADVANCES by Jack Clark with photos by Carol Jachim fl I I either the Labor party predicted by the Nation, alRevlewnorthe "dumpCarter, draft Kennêdy" movement eagerly sought by many reporters coverin g the meeti ng material ized..Despite th at, the October 17 meeti n g i n Detroit' s Ctrbo Plal I marked a significant event in American politics. - Called by United Auto Workers President Doug Fraser, the meeting saw a remarkable coming togethçr of diverse organ ization s . ln one room sat representativesof the Plumbers union and,the NAACP, the Oþerating Engineers and Friends of the Earth. All themajor liberal unions and a numberof less liberal unions attended. So did groups like the National Organizatiôn foì Women, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, SANE, Americans for Democratic Action, Women's lnternational League for Peace and Freedgm and the Ne'w American Movement. Even more remarkable than the breadth of the groups in attendance was the emergence of a rough political and programmatic consenius. Fraser had called the coal ition meeting to follow up on his resignation f rom the Dunlop Labor-Management Committee lastSummer (see box). Everyone there shared h is concerns about the power of the Ri ght and the defeats being suffered by all the forcel for Bella Abzug, former US representative from New york. I ta social change. J ack After Fraser's welcoming remarks, Rep. Ron Dellump (D-CA), theonly avowed sôcialist in the US Congress and a national co-cþair gf the New Democratic Coalition, opened up the issues dist cussion. Hecalledforaprogramofecónomic democracy and traced the development of the civil rights mòvêment from a concern with the moral demands for' justióè to a/movement pushing for greater econom ic iustice. Speaker after speaker echoed his theme. Peace advocates called for more jobs through economic conversion. Feminists reminded éveryone that Clark is national secretary of the Democratic Socla /istiOr g an i zi nt g Com m ittee. November2, 1978WlN 15 JQ I acing the brunt of the n'ight's attacks, can provide a powerf ul constituency for. social change 'and social justice. Environmentalists stressed the importancã of the energy issue to workers and con'5umers and,hailed the work of the Citizen-Labor Energy Coalition. ln the afternoon,session, J ules Bernstein of the Laborers uÀion focused-the'many strands of activity and di scontent. "We're al I tal kin g about the same th in g, " Bernstéin noted, "the existence 4nd abuse of vast corporate power. That's our common enemy and our common , women Fraser's Move: The First Step ¡f , challenge'" Continued on p.2'r . Back in J uly, UAW Pres'ident Doug Fraser attracted national -even international -åttention with his stâtement resigning from the Dunlop Labor-Managerhent Comnl ittee. Althou gh the Committee is non-governmental, Fraser's aCtion was rightly seen ag a step away from the Carter Administration and the Democratic majority in Cong¡essi lt was also one of.the toughest labor stâtements in recent history on the nature of labor-management relations. Caiter was characterized as ineffectual; the Congress, with its tax giveaways añd its labor law reform filibusters was portrayed as an even 'bigger probler¡. As for the corporate world, Fr.aser leveled a blast at the "one-sided class ol war " being waged by business leaders; ln its final paragrapþs, Fraser's letterof resignation struck a note not typical of pragmatic labor pronouncements. It is worth quoting ' at length: " l would rather sit with the rurál poor, the desperate children of urban blight, the victims of racism and working people seeking a better life than those whose religion is the status quo, CATIFORNIA POLL SHOWS MAJOR SHIFT ON ANTI-CAY INIT¡ATIVE There is a discernible change in public attitude in California toward the anti-gay school workers Proposition 6. A new poll by the Mervin D. Field Associates shows that in just one month's time there has been a shift in favor of rejecting the intitiative f iled by State Senator John Briggs. whose goal is prof it ând whose hearts are cold. We in the UAW intend to reforge.the links with thosewho believe in struggle: the kindof people who sdt down ín the factories in the 1930's and , who marched in Selma in the'1960's t The Proposition 6 initiative fu would require qchool boards to discharge teachers who admit to being gay,or publicly support gay rights issues. The measure has coal \ cE n t Above: Bill Means of theAmerican lndian Movement. Beláw: Tonr Hayden of the Campaign for Economic Democracy speaks with Doug Fraser of the uAy ilr:l. ; i::r+:i1.,,.:¡i ': :...:1r,.':,' j drawn the f ire of Californials gav, progressive, and even lâbor con- stituencies for its draconian stric- tures. . The change in the voters' opinion was called "a major shift" by pollster Fielfl. ln late August, the publicfavored the measure by 61 percent. But, in late September those in favor of Prop. 6 numbered only45 percent, with 43 percent against the anti-gay initiative. Twelve percent were undecided. AcCording to Field, the public,s change on Pr.oposition 6 ,,appears to be due to the increasing number of influential voices now being raised against the measure. l, ln the past weeks, prominent state off ice holders, including Cali- , fornia Covernor J erry Brown, candidates and editorialists in newspapers throughout the state have come out in oppo3ition to the initia- tive. Last week the California 16WlN November2, 1928 u Ð Leg i slature's attorney cal led Proposition 6 "unconstitutíonal. Conservative leader Ronald " Reagan has also called on voters to vote no on the initiative. After this second "California Poll," pollster Field stated that reliable predictions on the outcome of the November vote "are impossible. " Field said that Re-publican Senator Briggs is "getting considerable support from conservative Christain religious groups." He added that the growing trend against the anti-gay initiative seems to indicate that I'wh ile the public may not be willing to endorse any specif ic enhanceÌnent of homosexual rights, neither is the public willing to specif iôally deny homosexuals any of their civil rights becausethey speak out about their sexual preferences.t| :t gorytothe most appropriate male in the family NowtheCensus Bureau is saying that due to changi ng sex roles in the fami[y, it will not ask who is head of household. lnstead, itwill askthe "household member" in whose name the home is rented oÊowned. lf there is no such person, the Census Bureau will simply list adult members of households without designating who is head of household. The Census Bureau reports that it has added a new category of "pàrtner, roommate" fãr gay or heterosexual couples who are living together outside of mar- riage. -HerSay CHARGES DROPPED ACAI NST STEVE NS BOYCOTT ACTIVISTS , :-Gay Community News HEADS UP After 1980 there won't be the category of "head of househol d" according to the US Bureau of the Census. Ch ief demographer David Kaplan reports that the Bureau came under fire in 1970 because it had a concrete rule that the husband was the 'ihead ofthe house- hold." Kaplan said.thateven if people surveyed said differently, census computers were programmed to automatically as- sign the'head of household cate- On September 18, a NewYork State Criminal Court judge threw out al I charges brought by the management of Cimbelp department store in New York City against three persons arrested on September 5 for wearing '( Boycrtt J.P. Stevens Prpducts" T-shirts in their store. Charged by Cimbels for "criminal trespass," the action volunteers successf ul ly argued that wearing T-shirts is not an unlawful act insiile a store, private rproperty or not. J udge Alain Bourgeois and the district attorney's off ice agreed and nullified the arrests sought by Cimbels. Cimbels is at the heart of an ef, November2,1978WlN 17 fort by the national J . P. Stevens campaign to cut ínto the anti-un ion company's sales in the New York metropolitan area market. J . P. ltevens has retaliated by stepping up advertising through billboardS and in the print and electronic media. The Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union and its supporters are incensed not only by the ar¡ests:-an obvious attempt to intimidate New Yorkers who support the boycott-but also by Cimbels' verbal assurance to one of thè arrested that despite the law and despíte the court, they intend to arrest any T-shirt wearers in the future. lt appears that Cimbels made a management decision to casttheir lotwith J.P. Stevens in the company's battle against the workers. Not content to sell J .P. Stevens, promote J .P. Stevens and increasetheir stockof J .P. Stevens, Cimbels has now adopted Stevens' tactics: to harass and intimidatethe public and the courts be damnedl -Newsdesk AND HËR MENSTRUALCYCTE TOO? : A.retired Air Force colonel has called on the FederalAviation Ad- Gordon Christianse n, 1920'197 \ I On the afternoon of October 6, while driving home f rom a rou; tine shopping trip, Cordon Christiansen died of a heart attack. He was found in his truck in the middle of a meadow'12 miles f rom the site of the house he was building near Guada- lupita, NewMexico. Hewas 58 years old. Cordon will be remembered as a professor of chemistry at Connecticut College, as the authorof awidelY used textbook in chemistry, as a captaìn in the Pacif ic theater during World War ll, as a consultant to the Electric Boat Company (manufacturer of nuclear submari nes), as chairman of the executive committeeof the Committee for NonviolentAction, and as author of many peace movement leaflets such as the seminal "Some Facts About Vietnam. " He was an organizer of the nonùiolent socio-dramas sponsored 18 WIN November 2, 1978 Cordon Chr¡stiansen. Photo by by the'Canadian Friends Service Comm ittee on Cri ndstone t sland in Ontariofora numberof years and he was among the f irst to catch,Wl N Magazi ne fever. lt was at his home that the yel low submari ne surfaced. Although older than many of the people he worked with in the peace movementf Cordon was not a moderating influence. He foughtwith A.J . Muste, was f ired by Connecticut College for giving LSD to a student, became a devotee of the Curu Maharal J i, and stopped being a devotee of the Curu. He rarely did any- thing halfway. Yet, nearly everyone who met th is birthright Mormon converted to Unitarian loved him. Among them are his sons:' Steve, Scottand Roger; his daughter Cori; his wife f rom 1945to1973, Mary; two brothers, Robert and Royce. And a big bunih of other people. -Maris Cakars ministration to post pilots' names before commerical air line flights take off. TheWall Street Journal reports that former Colonel Robert Bohan made the demand so that passengers can change fl¡ghts if their pilot turns out to be a woman. The FAA's response? lt says it sees absolutely no need for posting pilots' names, since all pilots-'regardless of sex-are tested adequately for stamina, strength and emotional stability, not to mention their knowledge of aircraft electronic and hydiaulic systems. The FAA reports; by the vt ay, that by 1990there will be at least 2000female pilots on certified commercial airlines. -HerSay BELL'SAPPEALOF SWP LAWSUIT TO BE HEARD NEXT MONTH The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit wil I hear oral arg'uments during the week of November 13 on whether a contemPt citation agaínst Attorney Ceneral Criffin Bellshould bevoided. Bell was found in contempt in J ulY 1978 by District Court J udge Thomas P. Criesa for refusing to obey a court' order to turn over 1B informer files in the Socialist Workers Party lawsuit against the FBI J udge Criesa's J ulY 1978 contemptóitation against Bell was the f irst time in history that an AttorneyCeneral had been found in I contempt of court. The contempt ruling was temporarily stayed by Appeals Court J udge Murray L Curfein pending consideration of Bell's appeal. Under established principles of law, acontemptcitation of this kincl cannot be appealed prior to f inal judgement in the case itself However, the Attor.ney Ceneral is arguing that the "exceptional" nature of the case requires that his . appeal be heard now: Both the Court of Appeals and, the Supreme Court had'earlier de- clined to overturn Criesa's order that the 18 f iles be produced td ; SWP attorneys. Bell stil I ref used tc obey the order, and is now seeking ' to overturn the contempt citation. Kings County (New Yo,rk) Dis. trict Attorney Eugene Cold and the National District Attorneys Association have f iled a "f riend-of-thecourt" brief in defense of the At.torney Ceneral, arguing that forcing the government to turn over the f iles will "hamstring law enforcement" across the country. The Socialist Workers Party, on the other hand, argues that the Atto¡ney Ceneral has the same obligation to obey court orders as any private citizen. No claim of "extraordinary ci rcumstance" can elevate the Attorney Ceneral above the law. They also point out that the government's 4O-year long "investigation" of the SWP has not produced evidence of a single illegal act by the socialists. ln iarrying out this campaign of harassment and intimidation the FBI and its informer-provocateu rs have engaged in numerous violations of law and of the Billof Rights. No claim of "informer privilege,, ought to be allowed to concealthe government's i I legal activities. - Political Rights Defense Fund EVENTS ALBANY, NY - New York $tate, northern New J ersey, and western Con necticut Reg ional Conference of the Mobi lization for Survival on Saturday, November 4 at Friends Meeting House, 722 Madison Ave For more information , call (212) . 673-1808. ANAHEIM, CA - Demonstration against the Military Electronics Expo'78 on Tuesday, November Anaheim Con¡¿ention Center, For more information , call (714) 14 at s22-25O4 or 12t:) 937_0240. CAMBRIDCE, MA-Noam Chomsky will speak on,,Restoring the Faith" on Friday, November -17, I pm at MlT, 105 Massachu_ setts Ave., Bldg. 54, Rm. 100. Sponsored by Ëìlack Rose Anarchist Lecture Series. , FLORIDA-Caravan for a NonNuclear f uture, the f irst major Florida anti-nuke action, on November 11.16. The action will begiri'at the Turkey Point reactor in Miami and pass through Ft. Lar-¡derdale, Palm Beach; Cocoa Beach, Däytona and J acksonville, ending in Tallahassee. For more information, contact the ConchshellAlliance, PO Box 430735, Miami, FL 33143 (305) 253- South 9428. HUNTINGTON, NY- Sr. Rosalie Bertell will speak on "The Health Hazards of Nuclear Power" on Friday, November 3, B pm at St. Elizabeth's Parish Center. Sponsored by Long lsland Mobilization for Survival Religious Task Force. For more information, call (516)2612461. MEDIA, PA- Natronal Military Tax Resistance Workshop and Organizing Weekend on November 1O-12 atMedia Friends Meetinghouse, 125W.3rd St. Sponsoreã by Brandywine Peace Community, WRL/Philadelphia, Mennonite Central Committee and others. For more information, write: Center on Law and Pacifism, 2016 Walnut St., Rm.300, Philadelphia, pA x9103. NEW YORK ClTyr- tsraeli pacif ist J oseph Abileah and Allan Solomonow will speåk on ''Can the Middle East Survive Camp David?" on Thursday, November 9,7:30 pm, at EthicalCulture Society,2 W. 64th St. Sponsored by WRL, WILPF, Middle East peace Project and others. NEW YORK CITY- "WhileThere ls A Soul I,n Prison...", a benefit graph ics and poster exhibit by political artists for the War Resisters League runs October 19November 12, -12 noon-6 pm, at Cal lery 345, 345 Lafayette St. NEW YORK CITY- Anti-nuke Silkwood Mernorial teach-in on Sunday, November 12, 3 pm, at Horace Mann At¡ditorir¡m at Co-lr-rnrbia University, 120th St. & , Broadway. Speakers include Kitty Tucker, Norma Becker, Connie Hogarth, and J im Haughton. Sponsored by New York Mobilization and the SHAD Alliance. NEW YORK CaTy- Northeast. Coalition for the Liberation for Southern Af rica óonference on di- vestment and anti-apartheid support work bn Novembe r 17 -19. For more information, write NECLSA, c,/o American Committee on AfriNy ca, 305 E. 46th St., New york, 10017 NORTH SYRACUSE, Ny-Conference on "Energy and the Economy: Building for J ustice ancl J obs' ' on Novem ber 4-5 at Northway lnn, 4OOZth North St. Contact: People's Power Coalítio n, 196 Morton Ave., Albany, Ny 12202 (s1B) 449-7444. OAK PARK, lL- Jonathan Kozol will speak on education in Cuba on Thursday, November 9, 7:30 pm at the Oak Park Public Library. Sponsored by Third Unitarian Church of Chicago. ST. l-OUlS, MO Demonstration and sit-in to stop prison behavior modif ication and close the Marion Federal Control Unit on Monday, November 27 at the St. Louis Bureau of Prisons Office. For more - information, call (314) 533-2234. SANTA CRUZ¡ CA-W ar Tax Re, sistance/World Peace Tax Fund workshop on SaturiJay, Novemþer 4, 1 pm at.Resource Cãnter for Nonviolence, 5'l 5 Broadway. For more i nformation, call (4OB) 4231626. TEANECK, NJ Forum on radioactive transport on Friday, November 10, B pm, at the Ethical Culture Society. Sponsored by Bergen County SANE. November 2, 1978 WIN 19 t formal criticism of each of those three modes of expression. Or in the "Pictures of Things Moving Toward Their Coals," which includes sections that analyze a "petting party" (this wasthe 30's, mind IR t, lv o I 0 llv u -+- THE BREAK-UP OF OUR CAMP: sToRrES 1932-1935 by Paul Goodman , I edited by Taylor Stoehr/Black Sparrow Press/1 978l$5 paperback. ln a continuing fascination with the American novel, we usually forget our extraordinary tradition ôf short f iction. The f irst great American man of letters, Washirigton lrving, is a superb short story writer and typically American in his dreaminess, meditativeness, exquisite command of prose tone and color, and tendency toward what is now called "psychohistory. " Most of our great 19th century f iction writers follow lrving in these qualities and in practice' Poe, Melville, Mark Twain, and certainly Hawthorne \ do. ln the 20th century, Paul Coodman became one of the best writers in thls tradition, which he joined instead of the socialist realism that'was fashionable for young writers in the 30's. Large among the motives ior so doing is the scope for experimentation the tradition affords. As in the "tales and sketches" -to use a phrase often applied to their short f iction -of lrving and Hawthorne, experiments are f requent, even usual, in Coodman's stories. This volume is the f irst of four that will collect all his stories, except iuvenilia and chapters or'episodes later incorporated into noXfll*rnorne was coodman's favorite writer of Taylor Stoehrwrites in his introduction stories," here. Like Hawthorne, Coodman worked from "f actuãl" data, giving them the truth of f iction. But where Hawthorne used historical or extrapersonal material, Coodman most often took his life for the stuff of his stories. Yet the pieces seem autobiograph ical on ly at thei r .furthest remove from conventional f iction, as in "Dresses, Arðhitecture and Church Services," a progression of considerations of the possibilities for Ray O|son, once a librarian, is now unemployed in St Paul, Minnesota. Dav¡d McReynolds is on tf¡e national staff of the War Resisters League and is a member of the Socia/ist Party, U.S.A. 20WlN November 2, 1978 you), discuss the sharpness of a sword, and invade the turbulent silence of the minds of students in a philosophyclass. These are extraordinary, filled with an analytical liveliness regrettably foreign to all other modern f iction I know except, perhaps, that of Borges. , ln the more conventional stories, this analytical mode has startling effécts. "TheWandering Boys" is a Depression idyl that encompasses social and economic observations, a lot of synesthesia- Keats is invpked by name and quotation -homoeroticism and homophobia, allwithout sacrificing its lovely sad tone. "lhe Propriety of St. Francis" discovers the gentle saint moving aÍìong highways, factories, baseball, and labor-industrial conflict, praising their various proprietÍes and at last being rapt "into a vision of his Beloved (where unfortunately we cannot follow h¡m)" as workers and police open f ire on each olher. Both of these many-themed stories are literally wonderf u I and awesome. They are ful I of aston ishing things and they inspire reverenceforthe human lives and predicaments Coodman abstracts so deftly and HOWMUCH SOCIATISM IS THERE IN THE U.S.A.? by Harry Kelber Straighi Talk pamphlets, Box 1059, Grand Central Post Office, NYC 1001 7/paperback $1.25 lhÛpp. worse, he has gíven us a sickening exarnple of a nonsectarian approach. lt is almost impossibleto findout whether Kelber takes the right position on the Soviet Union or the Peoples Republicof China because he doesn't talk about them. Hetalks about America. You can't be sure whether he is a state socialist, a demo- Th i s þamph let f i I I d one of the huge, remarkable gaps that is so obvious no one quite understands how it gotthóre. lf you ask a socialistfor a simple intro= ductory bookor pamphleton socialism there,is first a pause and then si lence, We have books on the basic efrors of the Len i n i st position i n the pre-revol utionary situation in Russia; we can refer you to the dffective Marxist rebuttal of Bakunin's position; we can suggest books foror against Trotsky; Stalin's perversions are fully documented; Mao's rise to poweror that of Fidel or the tragic f lar,v,s in the early American movement or...anything excepi what socialism is and what it would look like in this country. Kelber's slim book(orthickpamphlet) is notan intellectually penetrating analysis of Capitalism- in fact, one suspects Kelberof being subversivetothe whole tradition which holds that socialism can be f ully grasped only bythose with a college degree. Even cratic socialist, a Stalinist, a Trotskyist, an Old Leftist, an Unregenerate Old Leftist, or a New Leftist. Kelber's whoJe approach threatens the f undamental proposition thatthe American socialist movement should be very small, limited to those with a college degree, and should spend 9oo/o ol its timediscussing events in someother country. Pamphlets like this, if carried too far, could even result in the building of a mass socialist movement, I f ind it outrageous that Kelber, ínstead of seriously dealing with the LaborTheoryof Value, devotes histimeto issues súch as inflation, nuclear disarmament, racism, sexism, the problem s of the elderly, the cities, miliiary spending, and a host of other chic íssues in a desperate effortto make socialism'relevant. This pamphlet is so shocking you really must get a.copy and read it for yourself . -David McReynolds amusingly. Aggregately, these early pieces already show Coodman articulating his great preoccupations. Such stories as the rather weak "Phaëton, Myth," "A Prayer for Dew, " and the novel-in-stories "The Break Up of Our Camp" are concerned with the foundations, maintaining aitions, and dissolution of human community. His marvelous moral seriousness is strikingly communicated in such passages as tþis from "J ohnson and the Total Cood," part of another novel-in-stories, "J ohnson" i ...there was a Kantian distinction which he understood, between the highest good and the total good: the highest good being what itis one's duty, as he sees it, to do; the total good what would be the superlative condition of aÍf airs if only the world were equitably regulated. Now /ohnson, as I say, tookthe f irstvery seriously, and he did his duty with might and'main. But he took the second serieusly, too, and he tried to regulate the world more equitably. Yes! One must live in theworld as if itwere as it should be. ln other places here also are Coodrnan's quick and natural erotic responsiveness and his religious and mathematical enthusiasms,r. These stories are obviously and beautif ully the work of the man who would write Çommunitas, Crowing Up Absurd, and New Reform ation; He thought these and their later siblings and hísrþoems, were the . mostvaluableof his writings. ['m not aboutto contradict him. His tales and sketches are very good; f ine contributions to the American tradition. They sharpen the appetite for the otherthree volumes to come' -Rayolson Clark. Conti nued f rom p. 1 6. What can be done to counteract that power? That's the central question not only for the Detroit meeting but for the entire Américan Left. Two broad concerns and areas of activity were suggested by Fraser. One theme centered on for change tn ih¡s society havetraditionally ad1 vanced the ideas while the conservatives and the ..þusiness leaders reacted and resisted changing the ' ¡latu¡ quo. With the riseof right-wing thinÈtañks, like the American Enterprise lnstitute, that situation has changed. Currenttax debates provide theclearest illustratíon of the Righttaking the initiative, so to speak, with Kemp-Roth, and J arvisCann and its spin-offs. ln some places and under political procedures and the creation of a more principled and accountable Democratic Party; the other concerned the ideological momentum seized bythe Right. some circumstances, the l_eft has been able tô captufe or recapture the initiative and turn the tax ln opening the meeting, Fraser stated the f irst relief issue intboneof tax reform. Massachuçetts concern in the sharpest possibleterms. "l was unFair Share, which was,represented atthê Detroit derthe mistaken impression that we wcin the 1g76 meeting, has donethat quite successfully. election." .loe Rauh of ADA quipped that the Fraser wanted to express his own solidarity and Democrats did not need to write a new platform in that of the the UAW with those kinds of efforts: 1980 since "the1976 platform hasn't been Further, he wants to begin new efforts to think touched. " And Cesar Chavez, President of the through Left initiatives on issues and to explore United Farm Workers, said atthe press conference mechanisms for creating an effective and resþonprecedíng the meeting, that party responsibility sive Democratic Farty. The meeting authorized was a central concern for Farm Workers and h im to set up three commi ssions Chicanos. "You vote for a Democrat, and he votes -one on pol itical process reform, oneon issues, and afinance comas a Republican. You don't know who or what mittee. That's less dramaticthan what someof the you're votíng for¡ so you end up with disillusioned \ predictions for the Detroit meetirig anticipated. peoplewho just stop voting." But if those commissions can continueto holdtoThe seçond theme was also sounded bv Fraser in gether the broad coalition'assembled October 1 Z h i s open i n g rernarks. The Ri ght is out-organ izin g and begin to give it a deeper and more coherent ' and out-spendin g us, he noted. But what disturbed programmatic consensus, wewill have seen a him most isthatthe Right ¡s ,.out-thinkinB us.1, major reorientation in the labor movement's That's a relatively new developmÞnt to Fraser and political perspective and perhaps a shift in to us all . The labor movement and the other forces American politics as awhole. 5l r November2, 1978W1N21 darkness of oppression. I Ilustrated by Cærge Knowlton. $2.åOpostpa¡d. FlatsWorkshop, POBox ) 13, Kingston, Rl 02881. D Free if no exchange $$$ $2 and only 20 words. Otherwise for everY ten words. PUBLIC NOïlCE Nonvioleht-feminist study group ¡nv¡tes women w¡th an interest in feminism and nonviolencetoioin them: Wednesdays, Womonspace, 232 H¡ll St., Santa Mpnica, CA (213) 469-0749. "Do No Harm" is the highly recommended f ilm about drug company prof its; 42 min., color. Available from Crim Films, PO Box 1811, San Francisco, C494101. Rental: $50, Purchase: $475. A colorful poster showìng a greedy drug company executive and a doctor hold¡ng a hypo reading "To Hell With Their Prof its, Stop Forced DruBging of Psychiatric lnmates" isavailablefrom Alliancefor the Liberation ofMental Patients,1l2 Sol 16th St. Prospective law school graduate seeks full-time movement work. Experience: organizing, publishing, fundraising. lnterests: feminist, health, labor, peaceconversion. Contact: CaryMitchell, l0BrooksideAve., NewBrunswick, NJ 08901, (2011249- tSuite'1305), Phila., PA 19102. 7671.. PEOPLE'S ENERCY is: a No Nukes/Sane Energv 1979 Calendar; 14 excit¡ng, original six-color artworks illustrating such toþics as Waste, Seabrook, Activist/Educato r / Or ganizer FEED THE ClTlES. NOT THE PENTAGON: Write Women's lniernational LeagueforPeaceand Freedom, 1213 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19107. MEMBERS NEEDED: N.C. People's Alliance, a state-wide citizen's group for social and economic ¡ustice. Wr¡te:'Box 3053, Durham, NC27705. 13203. (3't s). 47 2- 547 8. Christmas Peace Pilgrimage, December 16, Phil speaker. Write for f lyer: MCC Peace Berri gan sticker- Sect¡on, Akron, PA 17501. War Resisters League/Southeast offers workshops on several topics including disarmament, feminism, nonviolence history and theory. For more information and a sample copybfour newslgtter, contact WRL/SE, 1OB Purefoy Rd., Chapel'Hill, NC 27514, (919)967-7244. PUELICATIONS Ever asked "What could a pacif ist do under Hitler?" Read "QU,IKERS lN NAZI CERMANY." 44 pages. l\ Prefer groúp decisions without losing minority? Read 'DECISIONS BY CONSENSUS, A Srudvof the Quaker Method. " 48 pages. 51 .75 Íor'one,92.75 for two, any five for $4: postpaid from Progresiv Publishr, Úept. W, 401 E. 32, #1002, Chicago, lL 60616. \ "surveil lance of Nuclear Power Opponents" describes recent activities by government/private investigators. Send SASE tc Campaign to Stop CovernmentSpying, 201 MassachusettsAve., NE#112, Washington, DC 20002. WIN's Speciàl Double lpsueon Health Carewith articles by Ron Dellums, Claudia Dreif us, and others on occup4tional safety and health, women's health, rural medical alternatives and more. Order now in bulk for distribution to friends and co-workers. $1 .0O each for 1 -9 copies, 401 each for ten or more plus 2070 postage. Send oiders to: WlN, 503 Atlantic Ave,, Brooklyn, NY 11217. THE STUDY KIT FOR NONVIòLENTACTION, oroduced l¡v War Resisters League/West contains ärticles on the theory arid practice of nonviolence, both personally and politically as well as accounts of the successes and problems of contemporary nonviolence. Articles and pamphlets by Camus, Candhi, Cene Sharp, Barbara Deming, Mark Morris. Cæree Lakev and the WIN double issue on Seabroôk arelo be foúnd and much more as well Send $2.50 per study kitto WRL/West, 1360 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103. Special rates are avai lable for bulk orders, so order therh for your study group, teach-in, or classroom. Kansas Citv Nonv¡oleht Studies lnstitute Book Store closed it's doors last year. However, there are still lotsof good books and pamphlets available at unbelievable savings o1 5}o/o to75Vo olf list pr¡ce. Send 5bl for a book list to Robert Calvert, 3'144 Hardesty Drive #1-C, Kansas City, Missouri 64'128. .PRODUCTS Drawings by Peg Averill, FredWright, Johanna Vogelsang and others. Wl N postcards. $2 for a set of ninè. WlN, 503 Atlantic Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11217. "Asvlum For Krist¡na Berster" button, bumpersend donation. All proceeds go to Krist¡na Berster Defense Committee. Write: Ed Stanak, Box 61, Marshf ield, VT 05658. SERVICES Radical Psychotherapy for gay and straight men in the Philadélph¡a area. Fee based on abi I ity to pay J ack Sternbach, (215)W A3-1257 . Free lance editing or writing iobs wanted. Will rewrite or edit manuscr¡pts, theses, dissertations, anyth ing, but wi ll not do your research. Marty J ezer c/ó Morton,226V illeneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. THE FATTED SPROUT is an alternative food service with a conscience. We can provide low cost, individually tailored hearty vegetarian food for eròuos f rorí 30to 1Ó00. We are a collective in Moveäend for a Ne'iv Society. We feel a iesponsibilitY to. the world beyond purely pragmatic business-fororof it considerations; we provide subsistence incomes to our members wh ile seeking to raise consciousness about food i ssues in the context of creating revolutionary commun ity institutions. Conference-s are our specialty. Contaét us if we can help you with food issues or food for your organ ization or event: 906 S. 49th St., Phila., PA19143. (215)7260743. \ 22WlN November2,1978 falo area CALCrelated peace group seeks 2ñd staff person to coord¡nate programs on disarmament, anti-nuke, human rights and hunger iisues. lmmediate opening. Subsistence pay. Send resume to: Western New York Peace Center, 440 LeRoy Ave., Buffalo, NY 14215. Phone: (716) 833-021 3, after 5 pm 833-31 75. Two experienced commun ity organ izèrs wanted to develop ut ility áction groups. Experience in community organizin g and f amiliarity with utility issues requi red. Salary commensurate w¡th experience. Positions avai lable October 1978. Apply to: Executive Director, RECAP, lnc.,34 South St., Middlètown, NY 10940. Responsible, considerate people to ioin nowform ing col lectively run natural foods restaurantcoffeehquse. No experience necessary. Heavy, longterm commitment. People's Power Plant, 43 South Washington St., Binghampton, NY 13903. HOUSEPARENTS WANTED. Coupleor single person. Commun ¡ty orgariization that helps former "delinquints" plans to expand, establishing more tam i lv style group homes tor teenagers, with-3-5 kids in each. Houseparent salary currently $60O per month plus room & board, plus medical coverage; salarv neeotiable. Cal I or writq Frank Lindenfeld, Community Federation for Self Help, 210 S. Walnut St., West Chester, PA 19380. (2''|5) 436-8824. PRISONERS These prisoners have written to WIN request¡ng contact with the "outside," hoping you can give them more thân a cell and a number, Someof them are in the "hole," many are politicallyaware, all of them are WIN readers. Take afewm¡nutes-write to a prisoner. , Lee Sheperd, #143479,P.O. Box 779, Marquette, 49855 Ml :l!7837 wHo KNLED Search Committee, Sam's Belly FoodCotp,427 wRr League calendar. Measuring StA" by 8%",.it has a page for each week and is handsomely produced with many striking illusirations. rts INENAlURE spiral binding enables it to lie flat. But much more ¡mportant ¡s its text, which is written by Martin Luther.King, Robert Lowell, Judith Malina,.Dave Dettingär, Rosa Luxer¡burg, Emma coldman-all prisoners át one time in tñe¡i rives. The "oidinary" pr¡soners are here too, speaking to us no longer as numbers but as coherent beings. Remindihg us t--hat pr¡son itse-tf is a $'HITE MAN'S JUSITCE, BLACK MAN'S GRIEF. Donald Goihes. The title is self-expl¿natory-an excellent orison book. 2tepp .........$1.s0 WAN ON PEACE IN TIIE MII'DLE EA$T! Editedby Peggy Duff, tong-' time British activist. Anthology articles. 202pp of ....r......i...r...........$4.O0 cr¡me. ' Handsome, pract¡cal, mov¡ng and more. The 25th annual WRL calendar includes listings of peace organizat¡ons and periodicals, important dates in the history of the mov.ernent for sociai change, and a pr¡son reading list. This is-a meaningtul lgTg calendar for you and an important gift . THE ARMS BAZAAR. Anthony Sampson. Traces the history ofthe arms race from mid-nineteenth century to the pfesent. for your friends. 340pp Enclosed is SUPXTYING REPRESSION: Michael Klare. How the US eives financial backing to fascist díctatorsh ips. Name 55pp Please send me-calendars, $_. l(ôte ÀÞÞ tO'/. at $3.s0 each (or $13 for four copies). ........;....s0.50 State/Zip ITNACCEPîABIE RISK. McKinley Otson. Contains some startling facts about the dangers of nuclear energy. 280pp WarResisters League/339lafayette St./New Yorl¡, NV 10012 ...........$2.25 -Gl,OBAt REACH. Barnett & Mueller. The outstanding book about the multinationals. SOapp 2E4pp ...........$4.95 ....... nn3 mîÐÐÐu Ä,^ME ......$3.80 6 A NEw BUTTON. The .ú\[torld Cltl. zentt button is bright orange and blue on wh¡te. l0d each. $l for i2. $6for t00. A NES| PIN. The imaeinativelv designed ó'No Neutron Émbtt pín c(lmc$ from Germany. $t each. Send to: lltAn RESISITRS IEAGITE !lt9 Lrfryctûo Shoet Ncw Yort, tfy ilþ12 trIENCII)SE: 0:-FOTIIIEttEMS CIIECKEIIABOVE. DIENGLOSE¡ 3_ASACONÎruBrmoNl0 lnEwu.. clTY sÎ 6 D BABEFOOT cEN. Keiii Nakazawa. A 7.year-old boy from Hiroshima tells 3Ò* EA t5ÉEA Two store coordinator positions open November 1; PRISON One desk calendar is both practical and idealistic: the War Resisters his story (in cartoon format) HELP disarmament, andachangeof valuesand pr¡orities' ' away from war and its preparation to an emphasis on WANTED for book ¡n preparation, ¡nterviews with ex-orofessors now involved in alternative education. peace, social justice, and people's needs. Contact; C. Täylor, Box 370, Edgewood, TX75117. Brandywine sponsorseducational programs, action campaigns, and public demonstrations in order to highlight the moral, political, and economic 'New YorkC¡tywlN reader desperately needs remedial sewing and cheap bicycle. Barter prefered, imperatives of disarmament. Add¡tionallythe group 'though cash posible. Shei Horowitz,4S Duffield is riraking a positive statement w¡th ¡ts alternat¡ve war of ref used taxes, St., Brooklyn, NY 11201 (212)858-2461. fund. This f und, comprised personal savings, and group deposits, makes Peace Is Oùr Profession: War Protest Poems...War interest-free loans to social change and service protest ¡n poems and short prose by soldiers, war groups (primarily in Delaware and Chester Counveterans and c¡viliahs who refused to be soldiers, Pèace Community Brandywine PA.) Contact: ties, f rom the lndochina War (and before) and ¡n its wake: and Alternât¡ve Fu.nd, 51 Barren Rd., Media, PA a sort of reader of revolt to hand the next generat¡on 19063. being wooed into üniform. Please send material(including art work) with SASE to J an Bà'rry,75 Cates TIVES Ave., Montclair, NJ 07042. Enthusiastic Volunteertneeded to establish Natural Farming program for the retarded. Small residential school; self-sufficient manual farming to develop mental, physical, spiritual potential of students; order æw {or tlor. t3r¡ committed to simple lifeon land. Stipend, room, board. Mountainview, Route 3, Clarkesville, CA 30523. East3lst Street, Baltimore, Maryland2'12'18. WHILE THERE IS A SOUL IN : Buf David Boyd, #07821, P.O. Box 1000, Lewisburg, PA The Brandywine Peace Community and Alternative Fund is a nonviolent resi stance comm un ity (both live-in and extended). Weareworking for peace, Decemberl5. $75lweek. Tenure: oneyear. Writeto FROMTHE HOLE 1979. A graphicdeskcalendar based on the writings of those speaking out from the Help Needed: Hanford Conversion Prolect seeks researchelrs & organ izers (based in various parts of the Northwest). To help develop anti-nuclear, prodisarmament campaign. Full tirie $500,/month half t¡me $250/month. Aff ¡rmative Actidn employer. Application deadline: November 6, 1978. Hanford Conversion Project,4312 SE Stark, Portland, OR s7215. c Srere/zl P ôet o to w lN tiaenuxe/ro3 nurr:[ 4 ¡i{ri.ì { r" ,: lúf Ì a ,!l¡..\ i \ {)\ \t ,: { !àì)i ¡ r,f.l!1.ßtì:. fîtir!;l i!.r \¡,!,1,.: {lj }hr rrri '"a.I.r. ,"rrrÌ',.ri f, flrilr,'¿". AÎtAr¡f tc Av€ Àr, 'Who's On First? What's On Second?" AGRASSROOTS POLITICAT PERSPECTIVEON THE ANTI.NUCTEAR MOVEMENT This special WIN issue features Marty )ezer's essay on strateg¡es and tactics for the anti-nuclear movement. You may agree or disagree with it, but it's a "must" reading for all no nukes actìvistS and organizations. Available in bulkfrom WIN at 2Ol. each in quantities of ten or more (plus 2Oo/o postage), or 60y' each for orders under ten cöpies. Minimum order: $2. Order today! Send to: WlN Magazine/5O3 Atlantic Ave. Brook New York 11217 November 2, 1978 WIN 23 I '\ ' KARENSILKWOOD I'MEMORIAL: Surveillance, Health and Labor Controversies in the Nuclear Industry N i It, "WlN's special issue for Silkwood MemQrial Week-November 11 to 19- iscoming! The major article on the Silkwood case is by Donna Warnock, former Citizens Energy Projgct staffer and a leading researcher on surveillance by the nuclear and utility industries. Donna talks about the tatest twists in the law suit against the FBI and Kerr-McCee, and discusses the events that ledto Karen's death.in a car crash four years ago: her leadèrship in her union and her efforts to expose the seiious health hazards at the plutonium. fuel rod plant where she worked. An article by KittyTuckerof the Environmental PolicyCenter.covers the latest scientific research into health effects of exposure to low-level radiation on workers at every phase of the nuclear fuel cycle, .The from uranium mining to reprocessing. issue is specially illustrated by Bonnie Acker, a movement artiSt whose work has promoted the Native American, women's and anti-nuclear movements. There's a section on organizing strategies -what you can do as a nuclear opponent to support the Silkwood case, to raise the issues of safety and waste proliferation, surveillance and civil liberties, renewable sources and clean.energy. There is a list of regional contacts foÈ Supporters of Silkwood, too. WtN offers this issue to the anti-nuclear and safe energy movement to use as an organizing and educational.tool. lt is also useful for fundraising. Buy the issue from us at half-price-sell them at rallies, fairs, and speaking tours at the cover price. WIN is 20y' apiece in bulk (that's 10 or more)'plus 2Ùo/o for shipping. We urge you to order s@n (preferably by October 30) so we can get the issues to you in time for Silkwood Memorial Week. Wl N's Silkwood Memorial Week Special lssue YES! Send-(#of issues) at 2Ol/each Plu s20Yo for shipping/postage TOTAL ENCLOSED ü Name/Organization Address City /State , , ' , , 'zip wtN MACAZINE/503 ATLANTIC AVENUE/BROOKLYN, NY 112,17 -