48 IN MEMORY OF DANIEL STANTON. How would his soul in supplication rise On angel’s pinions, to his native skies; Implore the mercy, deprecate the rod, And breathe his soul in raptures to his God! Till, glowing with such zealand love divine, As heaven approves, and saints perfected join, His mounting spirit piere’d the world unknown, And gain’d sweet access to his Father’s throne. ’T was thus, advancing on the gospel plan, He glow’d with love to God, and love to man; Still pressing forward, with a heart resign’d, To heaven devoted, and from earth refin’d. The Master call’d—bid all his labours cease, And clos’d his evening in the calm of peace, The softest touches of death’s awful rod, : Drew back the veil, and wing’d the saint to God. There, ’midst the grand assembly held above, He shares the fulness of Messiah’s love. Not for thy sake—but oh! for ours I mourn, Friend of my heart, around thy spotless urn. Nor shall thy memory from my bosom stray, ‘Till death admits me to that happier day. There, may my soul, releas’d, unite with thine, And in the raptur’d chorus, joyful join. Hannau GRIFFITTS. | FRIENDS’ MISCELLANY. —— i ____________________ Te No. 2.] FIRST MONTH, 1832. ‘[Vou. I. JACOB LINDLEY’S ACCOUNT, Of a Journey to attend the Indian Treaty, pro- posed to be held at Sandusky, in the year 1793; interspersed with various observations, remarks, and circumstances, that occurred on this inte- resting occasion. : INTRODUCTION. As preliminary information to the reader, it may be proper to state, that about the year 1791, a mis- understanding existed between the United States, and several of the Indian Tribes. On this occasion, the Meeting for Sufferings held in Philadelphia, ad- dressed a memorial to Congress, the object of which was, to show the expediency of pursuing pacific measures, towards settling the disputes with the In- dians. Their representation was well received;— but the measures they recommended were not then adopted, and the calamities of war still continuing to prevail, on the Western frontiers of the States,— the Yearly Meeting held in 1792, appointed a large Committee, to unite with the Meeting for Sufferings, in deliberating on this momentous subject, and if practicable, to recommend such measures, as would be most likely to promote peace and friendship with the Indians. : | : Early in the year 1793, deputies from several In- dian Nations, visited Philadelphia, with a view of Vou. II1.—5 qnoqy JYysnoy] VM YOIYA sspulut ino gAsTar 0} AyuUNJO0d -do |[nj @ pey pue ‘uorndeses afqeinoary & YRIA JUL ‘909.0 QUIU yNOGe JUIM ‘Foshu pue WOW uyor ‘AIOACG UWCIIIAA ‘UOWoqueg sauer ‘A[SuIpsoo0y —‘uolssoidul axl] @ Japun sem oy punoj pue ‘AroA -UG UII][LAA 0} paysosons 7 yorym ‘sozeV}G poyUG su} Jo JUApIsalg 9} YUM MOIAJOJUL Ue SuTAzYy Joy ‘pado0id 0} Asva ojinb jou purur Aut }jaJ [ “YIOS “210JOq_ sep oUIOS YIOX MON 0} DU0S pry oy ‘U[OoUT’T urUL -efueg Aueduoose 0} yao X Mon Jo Lem Aq pooooid ‘asKur pus ALVACG WIT AA PUL FS][e] CAVSLIN] 0} ula} YIM poesooid pynoys “Wor[T[Q UYyor pur s100;y ydosor ‘ysuuieg uyor yey} ‘poorse ATjenynur sem jt ‘UOTJVULIOJUI YI uQ “ABp }XoU Yoeqesioy UO yO - yos 0} poasodoad ‘ydjopury Apisaog pue Surya Ayjoury, yey} ‘our poursoyut Aoy,y, -ouanol oy} ut S1o]JoAvs} MOT[aJ AUL aq 0} O1OA\ OYAd “OLOO]A ydes -of put oN uyor ‘AsoAeg weTTIAA “Ysded uyoL ULM Jour [ coy as SerydjopepIyd 0} JUOM OMA “UGS ‘1oJ poiea Ap1apue} oom om ‘joyoRy paaojeq sit pue wry Aq ‘o1oym ‘s juny] uyor pueliy pury ino ye pospoy pue ‘Aqreq 0} uo JUeM OA SuUYVOUL 19IFV —-purur Aut yornb pue Avys 0} pepudy Ayrunz10ddo yotym {Suysour prooucg 0} 308 pue “19A0 poltioy aM ‘“YSIy sea yt fourmApursg 07 OULD OM TOT A -PUIM pUR JOM SEM BSUTUIOUL VYT, “oUlOY Woy oUt porurdurosoe ‘fasng enysor “puelly pesojoq ATA | ‘uoryeqyoodxe Aur puofeq uorneaedas oy} 1vaq 0} our podjoy ‘poysod -dns sem uorueduios paaojeq Aur yoryas yy Opngyy -10J pue UOTeUsIseI oy} Ng = “pesodsrpul yonut sem piryo ysasunod no se ‘os aiour oy} pus “y}0q OF [PMH 1g *“ALVGAUL NVIGNI GHL OL ““SINO St [JOM se SUOTORISES sTy 0} pepudy j > s Lance s dense eee at Te iin at ee we asola SEM IT “SGELT ‘YQUOW YIP 9) Jo Ugg oUy “But -uiour Avp-jsiy uo Apruey pue ajtm seop Aur Yay YT 0 “TVNUOOL "§-10P o8ed—oggt powutd ‘raprom -ayooyy uyor Aq ,,‘suetpuy ueSoyoyy pue o1emejog ay} Suowe ‘usiyjoIg pou 9Y} Jo UOISSIP 94} Jo SATJVLIVN 5, SUIYSOLojUL oy} ‘oste— {1 ‘oa ‘TE aded ‘uosduirg uyor 0} 1o}Je"] s,uosxeg 19Al[Q—g *Z, o8ed co SOATIE N UBIPUT OY} Jo UONeZTITALD,, “popyue “paysty ) -qnd Ayoyey ‘y1om o[qenyea Ss ,uOsyoer Aepr[eH 296 “AQSIO~ MON JO SoULOYS IEF] Wer A pue aloo; ydesor pue ‘Ajun0d s0js0y9 jo ‘Ao[pury qooer “erydjepepyg jo “Hora uyor pue ‘Ar9arg WITT AA ‘USE uyor ‘atom ‘woyy peruedurooor oy mM spuoig ayy, ‘bss ‘ydjopuey Ajsoaog pure ‘Suiteyo1g Ayoury, auojog ‘ujooury ururelueg jersey ‘atom Assequia sty} uo pojuiodde sasuoisstuim0g ou, : ‘uoneqoidde s juepisoig ay} peureyqo Suraey soiye ‘uorseo00 sty} uo “uOU -u.19A08 Aq pojurodde ‘srouorsstuui0g oy} Aueduioo0e 0} pajndap o10M spuslig XIs pue £0} popooot sea [es. -odoid ay} ‘aovod oyouro1d 0} 4JoJ Suoy pey spuosiwsy yoy o1Isap OY}. YWM soUEpIoO.e UY ,,“SAATIUN ay} ys diyspuswy pue ooeed jo ooueuazUTeUl 94} 0} sousraype Apvojs & poysosiueur pey ‘eodlioury ul JUOUT -3[}}9s JSIy 1194} wo1y ‘oym ofdood e se ‘spuslig ul souepyuod jerveds e pey ‘pojuosoider Aoy} suoneN 9Y7,, Jey, ‘Surzezs ‘suoneroseu oy} puc}}e ppnoys spually eulos yey} posin A[poyeodar sonndap uvipuy ssoyj— SuUIMO][OF JoWUIUWINS OY} SuUlINp “Jloujoq Ie8U ‘Aqjunoad ueipuy sy} UT pray oq prnoys Ajeory, & 7eY} pseige Suiaey JuIWIUIZAOX ‘pu :sajze}G pou 9Y} UIA. SQDUIIIGIP JO uolVpouMO.OR ue SuUlpseMio; IVYNYWOOL S$ ADZTIANIT qoover Og 52 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL one o’clock, our three friends, and two Commis- sioners, set out on horseback. | Ist of 5th mo. William Savery and myself, with five other passengers, set out in the stage for New York. Got to Brunswick about dark, having rode sixty miles.. Next day in the afternoon, we arrived at New York. 3rd. Waiting for the baggage to come on by wa- ter from Amboy, and providing for our journey. I think I never saw Friends so active and heartily disposed, to comfort and assist, as were a number of our brethren and sisters of that city. 4th. Went on board the Schenectady sloop, Capt. Lansing. Our beloved friend William Hartshorn, one of our companions in this journey, met us here, and went on board also, at the Albany pier in the East river. The wind at south west, we got round the point, and about five miles up the North river, when the wind shifted, and a violent gale ensued from the north east. The tide also leaving us, we were obliged to cast anchor, and lay tossing all night, just in sight of the city. The wind increased so much that our vessel dragged her anchor, and ran almost ashore. About day-light our captain ran in to the wharf again. We took the opportunity of going to forenoon and afternoon meetings. At the last of which, William Savery desired to see Friends and others, at seven o’clock in the evening. About which time, the streets being crouded with people going to meeting, the captain sent a messenger to call us on board. The strait indeed was great; but William and I agreed, let the consequences be what they might, we would attend the meeting; we did so, and a favoured time it was. About nine o’clock, a TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 53 several Friends, merchants of the city, accompanied us to the vessel, where the passengers and captain were in a heat; but we kept down, and it blew over. Capt. Lansing told me afterwards with seriousness, he did believe the storm was permitted, in oe to give us time for the meeting. | About midnight they weighed anchor, and stood up the North river. Our progress was slow and te- dious, which gave us opportunity to view the rug- ged margin of that great water, which exhibited sub- jects for awful contemplation. The rocks and moun- . tains rise from the water several hundred feet high; on the tops of divers of which, are the remains of fortifications made in the time of the late war; at some of which places, bloody contests had been held. We passed West Point, Fort Putnam, and divers others on the tops of the highest hills, com- manding the prospects of = reaches of the North river. 7th. We passed a stream tumbling over the rocks into the river, called the Buttermilk Falls—a good seat for a mill. But the barren appearance of the banks, with the prospect of the divers dark habita- tions of death and destruction, brought me into a humbling sense of the excellency of that holy reli- gion, which breathes peace on earth, and good will to men... The situation of these strong holds on the tops and peaks of mountains, perhaps three or four hundred feet high, were associated with ideas which _more strongly confirmed my mind, in the approach of that day, in which the King of kings will exalt his holy mountain above them all. Passed by New Windsor, New Marborough, and Barnagat. At the latter are many lime kilns, which 5* jo sosnoy Uiapour sutos ydaoxe 4;mq yong Apsou ‘sasnoy paipuny 9e14} jnoge jo ystsuod 03 pesoddns st Apeyoauayog jo uMo} oy, “AVA OY} JO 9[OYM 9} ‘sautd yjtM poiaA0o pue 100d Ar@A pur] OY, “UtOA -t} 8 Yows ‘peod oy} UO sosnoy us} jnoqe passed 2 AA - —‘IOAIL YMCYOPT VY} Ivau pozyenyis ‘ApeyousyIg 0} S9[IUI Uda}XIs BpOI pue ‘uoBem v OFUT JOS BAA “UG — | | “guroy UInjed pu ‘saAjasuioyy a[eSo1 ‘puorsy 10 Inoqysiou 1194} Jo astavep oy} Jo sduenbesuod ul spew “Yseoj oY} JUINSOL UdIUI OYJ, “UIN}IL UIUE VY} VIOJo JNO Ie9TO [[e Ua} puv {oul} JOYS & IO ODDEqGO} OYOUS pue “OUTM YULIP ‘sayeo }e0 0} povvoid Loy} “JNO VUAOG ST UYJOO OY} 10} -je AyoeIpouuT pue ‘osnoy oY} 3e s[quIesse so[euloy ayT ‘eaAesd oy} 0} SOATWLIOI JsoreaU oY} JO asd.100 94} pusye ‘suotsea00 yons Aue uo Aoy} Op Joy}ToU :papusjye UsUIOM OU dtoymM f[elIng Jo JouULUT ITOYY paarosqo pue ‘Aueqry ye yYystu Te preys OM “Ap -ej29IaYIG 0} Suruaaa yey} popossoid pusly plo Iq} pure ‘Aoypns pue osioy s9yjeq & poinooid uoos Ayjoad Aoyy, “Ayo ey Jo uorneyndes pue Ayinbryue ayy UI YONUI po}[Nxe pey OYA ‘stoy}O aUIOS pue Sutsue'y de 0} ‘aoeyd oy} Jo uoneyndas oy} uodn Meaip ysnul 11 suoTjOopet ey} poyueseidor pue “jno jue UOT} I -Agsequia [nyooved popusyur quaseasd ay} UO Aypetoodsa —auo se WIY podapisuod J Joquinu YyoIyA JO :s199 Fo ayqeyoadsar s}t 0} onp pieSor oy} pue ‘yusWUIdA0S Ino Jo anouoY ay} 40F sSutpaey Aur pasnor je1oued ayy jo JWouT]VaI} SIT, ‘otp 0} JO pouny Uses OAPY T SP yons ‘Aei3 pro 100d & sem asioy oY} :paunsoid pue yySnos sea areyo pue ossoy e osodand yoryar 10J ‘uoou -Jajje yey} PleMaAoy DAOUL OF SNOTxue AaaA SQM OFT -quoye Ajvou upoourry [erouax) punoy aM “UIOAP} Ayo OY} Je paAliie OM Udy AA ‘s1aSuvI]s 0} UOT}UEIFe PUB c¢ *ALVAUL NVIGNI GHL OL > SEES ee agek 3 oe 14, SagatiReieaibiniReF : co So ap pon ay Sy ¥ eno abate ARE ee case ta ef os ns Daal perea s 5 ated .- : \ ig : Ra: ah 3 oa é te ry ~ - “* hes » ‘ es eee Ayyiqeios yo yuem 30 ‘Aytyey1dsoyur jo souvsvodde oy} sivoq yorym sepdoed Asnq ‘asnpooa v Aypeaauds ore AY, “pucpfoyy wos sjuviSiua jo sjuepusos “op 94} YIM popes Aporyo st Aueqry jo Aq au], “qooer pue ovesy “weyeiqgy pro poos jo soueiquistiiod B ya pura Aur passoidurt oBesta puke oureu soy yf *JUDIOUUT sadUeUa}UNOD JTey} pue ‘odurts poreadde. re Aou.y ‘sAep o01y3 ut Jaarpap 0} paSeSua dy yor | yuRysip sopra AjueM} pue poipuny suo ‘uaut Sunod oy} Jo ouo Aq oye] eptoug oy} ye “eyotapuoTzy Urey -dey 0} oSessaut u9q}11M & yuas ‘£1016 ‘Areza1008 IRQ ‘Yeinjay 1ayyo ay) ‘afqejoyayy poureu sem uswlOM suno& aq} Jooug ‘uospueiS e puv ‘suajySnep om} ‘uos @ ‘ueUOM po ue Jo poystsuoa Auedutod IOUT, ‘sosuodxo 11a} Iveq 0} Asuow pue “yuourYysoajer OUIOS way} OARS ‘UJ9Av} AjIO VY} Je Way, peddojys | -uMO}4 sy} Ysnory} possed suerpuy say ‘uoousayE 9Y} UT ‘yJosseqy sem ouIeU sty] ‘utur poyuiids szapusy ‘painyeu poos ev pareod -dv of] = ‘apquyjreae oq prnom padoy oy pure ‘szoyj0 poipuny usaefe 10 ua} Aq pautof oq prnom yor ‘sn soy stoAeid sty dn sayo 0} Aporqnd ‘oreo sty 41 @YLUI plno oy yey} pue fssadons yyIM pouMoID puBL -19 INO poystm oy pres pure ‘sn 0} Jfesuty poonpogy -UT UOTPESIISUOD VY} Jo A9}stUIUL ay, *A}]TATO yeoud YIM jour om Aueqry FW ‘opliser spuariy Jo raquinu ® e1ayM ‘uospnyzy jo Az1d oy} passed om yySru 4sery ‘sINOY BA[AA\} UI SoTIU porpuNy guO pories Suraey ‘Au —-ReqT Vy ye poAliie “Sulutoul oy} UI xXIS jnoqy ‘Wg ‘spunoqe Ayjjsour quoysourl] 94} o1eym Apyeroodsa ‘Aqqnays pue uot -ieq savadde purl ayy, ‘OAT oY} Jo opis ysea ay} UO odef[ta & st aisdoayysnog “AAI ay} 0} asopo ‘Yue OY} Ul aIv SUIIY OG], “HIOX MonT AOF au] uaNg IVNUNOL S ADTANIT GOOVE ¥S Ul pooyinoqysieu yey} WoIy Fo UIA OYAd ‘sueIp -UJ UBAVS JO Ja}YSNV[s oy} V}LLOWAUIULOD 0} Jep1O ut ‘asodind yey} soy sojtur poipuny [esaAes Burwio09 ‘suerpuy Aq ‘A]fenuue-ouop oq 0} pres St YOU Ad —"}I UI UBUI UBAVS JO uonejuesoider oY} YIM VOU -eo & ‘sanojod pot ur ‘AzINUEsUT yeaud yy ‘pozured SEM U0IIBYM “OAL OY} Jo YUeG oy} JO yo Burjal -oid yoor e possed om Aep siyy, “spouueyo snoo}Yystl -un YSsno1y} poureyqo uoyM Ayjetoodsa a1our ‘suoIsses -sod A[p]I0A DAISU9}XO JSOUT OY} JO Ayurey199UN OY} ST yong *Aasouvorys Aq sueipuy ey} Wosy poure}qo to9q DABY 0} ples SVM 9}e4S9 SIU], ‘S1OBULIYS JO UOISSOS -sod ut pue ‘poyeosyuod spue, oy}—suInt UL MOU Bt gsnoy UOIsUvUT ssoyM “UOSUYOL WIT[TAA TS JO 9909P -1saa pjo oy} Aprepnorsed tiem Jo ourty Ul ‘SUOI}eOUIT ~IOJ pue s}10J Sulavy 10F o[qes«oursut ‘puey jo sjurod pue syueq Aueut Aq possed -Aayunoo usredureyo & YSNo.1Y} ‘SopIUA W99}XIS ]NOGe 1OF YMCYOTAL OUI jospideas ey} posoddo ‘suotj10xe yeou3 YIM pue “no Jes ‘s1a8 -uassed oAjoas} Jo oArsnpoxe ‘ueut AAT} Aq poystoma ‘sye0q JYSIo Jo Suysisuod Yoog op] INQ “4IOL "9180 UL O8 OYA SLa[[OACI} WOIG UISIVUL [NF}INAZ S}T JO yoodsord Sursvard oy} ‘ounseour yeors & ut “oinosqe pue ‘1o]2M VY} JO oovfans 9yy aAOge yooy UEOT 10 GAIA JNOGe IsI1 ‘jeroued ut ‘1aATL oY} Jo SyUeq OUT, ‘poAT] Uay) os atayM sod oy} UO LOY SAL JOTT}EY ~pue13-je018 § ,1oyyey oy ‘au plo} UeUTOA Sunos 9ug. -sreok AjUaM] puke porpuny ouo UeY} d1OUI oq 4SNUT yorum {ueqry so Apeyousyog atofoq pa[ies seas 41 Aes Aoyy, “ystBuny atqe19po} ‘osye ‘gsensuey 7ey} yeads ‘Ayjerousd. pue ‘syuesstura yoyn(]. MorT JO syuep -ugosep oy} Apsour syueyiqeyur ay} :AajyuN0d pey}jos pio ue stay ‘aWoY WoT [ USYA se o1oy PABANTOS se jnoqe poseodde UoTIEJaBa A *ULOSSOTG UI Seot} WNAF Lg “ALVAUL NVIGNI AHL OL jo s0uepunge ue yytM posiodss9qur ‘suonrjuesd ony jo o8uer & jo yoadsoud ojquooiSe ue pey OMA a0uep ~unge ul ‘979 ‘xey ‘seed ‘u1oo uetpuy Geoym Suronp -oid ‘paaoidurt Ajqe19j07 pue ‘apyaay Surpavoxe ‘pues YOeIq YOu ore “IVA oy} Jo syueq ay) uo pue ‘spusq 84} UL SUIO}}0q OYJ, ‘S[[IY UsoYyZIOU pue UsJeyQNOS oy} Surysea Ajayeusoye foptm optur e Jyey ynoge Aa] [BA @ SSO1Oe SPUIM JOATI OYJ, *JUSLIND oy] ysuTeSe Avmpeoy oyeul 0} Y10M prey AJOA pey uIUTjeOG rood ay} a1oym Spider pue yeoys saved owos ‘daep yaoz do1Y} Suiseiaae pur ‘ssoroe spaed poirpuny 0m} ynoge oq 0} esoddns 7 ‘aaatr YAMeYyoW oy) jo peq eu, . ‘aul 0} posuod “stp Ay[njtoiaut ‘ssurssoqq pue sunoary ppoyrueur oy} JOJ YSnous [nyyueY} Jou sem J yey ‘Bparmouyor 0} A}}2.109s oud posned pure ‘purut Aut poyaoyge Ajdaap ‘AT “IWB} Passea.t}sIp SIy} Sutpus}ye soouejswNoi1o [VIoAVs ey, ‘sureyo ul pouyuod sem pue ‘payoeasip qUOAA JOY}OUL VY}—SjOIpl Sutoq ‘yeads 0} poureay, soAau UaIp[Iyo voiy} oy, ‘ouesur AjorUe o10M UOeIppTyo 9914} pue JoeyJOU OY} o10ym ‘osnoy & 3e peddojs pue ‘sa[IuL Inoy ynoqe papssdoid aAq *Yyovo uauT 9a14} YI $}vOg XIS JoYy}O oy} “YoRs USUI XIS YIM pouueUr alam s}voq Ino jo OMY, ‘sioyeyoods paspuny suo uey} sou jo soueseid oy}. UI “aA YMEYOW oyy UO peyiequia pue ‘saiojs pue oSeSBeq Aino yjIM pa peo] ‘si9y}0 uasas Aq potuedurosoe ‘neaqyeq & prog uo jueM 9M ‘1QUUIp sayy ‘Auedutod s,sa_Anyog [e1suox) Jo onsvoyd oy} pey am ory ‘Apeyoouayog ur asnoy orjqnd ev ye pourq ‘ouroy Arerodui9} & ayy s[aoj pue syoo, sovfd AzoAa pue ‘apnjeinb year8 ur peargsoid Aypnjio19ut st purut Aut yo : yunoo ay} jo aovy ay} pue ‘o]doad ay} Jo surojsno pue SIQUUTUL 3Y3 90s 0} osuelys suvodde yy ‘uoNoNnysu0d JUeZaTa aa0ur IVNUNOL S ADIGNIT Goove 9¢ 58 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL some former wars, and were all destroyed. We passed the mouth of the Schoharie, and stopped about a mile higher up the river, on a beautiful bank, where we proposed to lodge. Here I saw a plough with two wheels, about eighteen inches dia- meter, just before the coulter. They are in general use in this neighbourhood, and appear to answer the end well. Their land is level, light, and rich near the river. Their field peas are just coming up, and appear luxuriant, and beautiful. 11th. Had a fine wind, our little fleet hoisted their sails, which propelled the boats against the current at about four miles an hour, without the help of set- ting poles or oars. Passed the Canajoharie, and a mountain called the Nose, where is a remarkable cave, into which one of our boatmen said he enter- ed about five perches, but found so much wind issu- ing out of it, that he was afraid to proceed any fur- ther. The land in this day’s rout, is very good. The settlers here were greatly distressed, about the year 1780, by the Indians and white people who were opposed to the principles of the revolution, and were influenced, and, in some instances, commanded, by John Johnson (son of Sir William) who took refuge with the British, and came on with a party of In- dians, &c. into his old neighbourhood, burnt their houses, took off many prisoners, and others they killed. Where we breakfasted, the man of the house told us, his father and father-in-law were both killed by them, on the same morning. Where we dined, the woman’s husband had been killed, in like man- ner. This day we passed several old fortifications, block houses, &c. which appeared a weak defence: and breathing aspirations were raised, to become an s ’ - a TO etree OTL QOS nt ST 2 ¥ ¢ : *. a ‘. < ships with heavy burthens for distant climes. TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 59 inhabitant of a city whose walls are salvation, and whose light and glory the Lord of hosts is. We also passed several places for worship. The whole journey of this day was about twenty-three miles. The country very fertile, and capable of abundant improvement, which may increase the useful trade of Schenectady and Albany, keep up the sound of the millstones near the North river,—largely occu- py the merchants of New York,—and freight their Ve- getation appears nearly the same from day to day, as we proceed to the north west, which is the een eral course of the river thus far. 12th. Which was the first-of the week, we set out from Esq. Nellis’s, which is about fifteen miles north of Otsego lake, the head source of the north _ branch of Susquehanna, and about fifty miles north of the boat and raft navigation of the Delaware. Pro- ceeding up the river we found the water very shoal; in many places not more than fifteen inches deep. ‘The navigation is exceedingly hurt by the river be- ing divided into many parts by islands, some less, and some larger, from one to seventy acres in size. We landed and tarried awhile at Fort Hendricks on the south side of the river. Opposite, on the north side, comes in, a large stream, called Canada creek, about the size of Brandywine. This place was the seat of an old Indian king. We noticed many large ‘old apple trees, said to have been planted by the Indians. This day, the wind blew very brisk, and directly against us; which made our progress slow, and the labour of the men exceeding hard. With consider- able difficulty, we setamied ahe current ten miles, 9— IT TOA "sUBIPUT 94} ysureSe poyesodsexe yonur pue ‘ySno1 ureuros szids asoyaa ‘padyeos pur polly SuOT]efaI aIey) pey pey aid -ood ey} jo Auey, *pooyq jo pury e pue ‘ssauyaep jo puey & ‘oul 0} 393 WING = ‘euueysnbsng ay} jo S19} -@M peoy 94} JO YOU So[cUl xIS JNq-d19M 9M DIRT ‘asnoy Sursoul euo pur ‘sasnoy yo0]q [e1eAes passed ‘Lem oy} UO—s]e]q UeULIaX oY} 0} ‘saTIUE KIS JnOGE —9}eM Zuo1s jo vve1id J9yjo ouO pue opt jjom at} pessed—uoouseyye oy} Ul peyxriequie—s,snoo} -10g pudiij INO ye PoUIP 9AA_ ‘ST[eJ 04} OAOQE 10}eA [13S 24} 03 ‘ayru ouO Jnoge syeoq pue osesseq smo yoo, ‘estiuns jnoge polquiasse suosem oy], “UIST “Peg % U}IM poyepourluroooe sem oy ‘per9uIs 9} }deoxe ‘sossoqqeu ino uo Ae] 9M S}YSIU Surpsoeid 9a14} OL], © _ ‘s8u1Z poy of qe}1ojuros 0} YSno.1y} 303 om ,“puey SIy jo MOT[OY OY} UI S19}eAA VY} YJoUNsvour pus ‘s}sy sty UT SpULA oY} Yeppoy oYyA,, ullET Jo AoToU SuTpuNogeE oyy ySno1y) jng ‘spoq ino apeul oAvY O1aYy] plnoYs oA jnq MOUY JOU PIP | SUIT} OUO ye yey} OS {pUIM oy} JsuTvSR yeoq oy jadosd 0} JusloWNs Jou a10M soppped pue seo Ino pue 4uNoVse ou Jo a19M sojod SsuIjjes Ino arezy -daop yooy AjzyS10 sdeysod—yjdep Surzeure Uv SI JayVM OY} ‘so[TUL VoIY} IOJ ‘ST[e} GSOY} MOTO | , "yea 0} [re ayy ye uIseq pue ‘apydor ay} Jo peoy oy} UO JOO} Tay} 4as [IM oy} yeyy ‘ourMsS ot} JO AyroeSes ay} St yons pue—pjo sreaf Inoj 10 9a1y} Jo ‘aULMS JO Spsloy aSiey daay oa} ‘agouejep UMO JIEYy} UL ‘past[qo ede ‘a10Y} Siop}}as ay} yey} ‘ae1Zep & YoNs 0} punoge Aout ‘jueisIp SO[IU UsAaS JNOgGe S19} LY} JO OpIs SvO OYF ug “yaed0 epeueyD jo yjA10U ‘guity Aue ye punoj U9eq — 19 “ALVAUL NVIGNI AHL OL qou svy oyeus op}IeI & pres st yt ‘pyim pue AyooI O8 St ooetd sty} ysnoyy, “yIOA Mon jo “tozyZnep s,9oue1 -MAerT qo[eg poliseut pue ‘Auoxeg WOodj poyersiuie off ‘paspoy pue ‘va} yueIp J soyM ‘Suez oq snisnsny youapetg sofeyy Suet yuostjojut Aso & “yeu oxy jo juepusjulsodns oy} pue ‘snosy1og puelay ino Aq peateoet ATPUTY 919M IAA “S[[BJ VSO} SSO’ O[TU QUO ‘sye0q put soi0}s no WodsueI} 07 SUOSEM UDARS pos -eZue om ‘uooudoye styy, ‘jueseid ye ‘1aAT1 BY} Jo sapis oy} UO pur ‘paq oY} UI SYIOI OY} JO souvsvodde Aiaao reaq pure ‘doap 4oaJ USAVS IO XIS ‘und MoO][OY ayIy UMOP UOM oULOS pue ‘sa[}}0Y OBIE] “SUDAO 21] ‘sadeys AUvUl JO SOAIND OUI UOM pue “peyzoouls os ing ‘uonisod sepnSorst Azoa @ ut SuIAT ose SQu0}s pue syooy “Eas, sy aAoqe Joos AJUEM} pur “194 -tM oY} JO pag Juaseid oy} wos soyoted AZT} mou aie Jey} “SyOL OY} Suowe’ uel BUO AOA OY} YEU} ‘uorjerjsuoulsp @ 0} suvodde yt yuu J “UoryNTOA 91 yeouS eB ouUOS19puN ‘owty Jo potsed syourer Asoa owos je Buravy oinjeu jo syiew yUOpIAs oie “apis YoU BY} UQ ‘“ABALI OY} ssO1oe poyate SI as pliq uapoom snoreds e ‘aod sty} FY “MOTEq BdUBISIP aULOS OJ pue ‘ST[eJ OY} 7e “OpIAd Joo} porpuny suo OF sj[ry pue syoor Aq poyovszuod st JaAl OY], ‘yoalqo queyzoduit AIBA SIy} Burye}IORZ puemoy oouRpunge auop sey ainqeu se ‘oja[duroo [jim Aoy} ary? YT Yom ‘eueo ev uado 0} Suryeur suorjesedoad yeois ore o19p{ —-jgar0jut yeor8 & ourodeq ‘Aypiqeqoad ype ur owt QUIOS *TJIM I] “yeas VY} JO royatidoid oy} st ‘snoo}1og uyor poweu ‘ueWO;}UES Yo}0IgG Y “TTI Sul[ny pue ‘Tru Mes “[[IU 4SIIS OUY BST B1OFT “JOoJ UAVS ynoge uMop sayoqzid soyem ayy ‘ooeyd ouo Uy ‘yods o1jueWIOL AJA B STAT ‘a[TUL B Jo SayAeNb oy} ur Joos JTeY ® pue 3yS1d-Azr1y} ote YOIYAr “TOALL ayy JO ST[eF OY} OF IVNUNOL S,ADTGNIT GOOVE 09 ccc . Manta etna spniticctiniiis , a ey sa ‘spuvsnoy} ut seojonbsnur ydooxe ‘mes 7 yey} JURTIGeYy “ul JNOYYM ‘ssouJep[IM yoosq pue yoorursy Aseaap © ‘sopiu 7Ys19 oY} JO a[OYM OY, “Yooto epeurd— jo uonounf oy} ye ‘s Aouuey ureydeég je poate om ‘sinoy 9014} Jnoge ul ‘daAomOPT ‘apqeooiSesip AdoA ino} ay} epeur “Surpyoeys A19A UOSeM OY} pUe ‘yes -I9A0 0} YT] ‘194 OUR Udy} ‘apis 9UO soWITJOWIOS ‘S{{IY qou Joys pue ‘1ajeM pue pnut jo sayojo[s ‘sospiiq gjOq ‘alojaq pey 19A0U | Opli e yons yng “puey Aq” Yo019 poo AA UMOp poposdeid pue ‘uoseM YOO} ‘YI T oy} jo Surusow sy} uo ‘Aueduiod ano jo aAlq “Teoys: AIOA pure ‘apa spaed U9} Jnoge ulea.1}s [[VUIS B *YooI9 poo AA 0} ‘aru ouo ‘ooerd Surkareo oy} ssosoe 08d -Seq pue syeoq oy} 303 0} Aep sty} dn yoo} 3] “YIOT : -o2p ‘s¥ur30038 pofeoop ‘ey JoAveq e& jo suleulet ayj—jsed shep moje ‘dn pomodiey useq oAty 0} pres st ‘opis sty Aq un & pue ‘uoyajoys aug “YMUYOTA OY} JO syuRg ay} UO poys poo[q oy} Loz ‘pop}jes aq ysnUT JUNODIG snopuesulel) & ‘UIe[S Jay 1dA00 910U OU pus ‘poolq Jay asoyosip [[eys yes oy} UoYyM yng ‘autd yozid YIM pataAod yonut “uly, pue fuoys ‘oSpii SulprArp ay} uo pury oy, ‘seoddesip oyimb surejunou pue sity ‘mojeq saprur AzI1Yy} Loy pue ‘o1oFT = “9ZI8 oS] jo ynuyea oYA pus poomuUo}nq osje—souepuNge UI ateay ore soar} IeBns—‘osuey AJA JOQUIT} OU], -uea.1]s JY} JO YUeG Vy} UO ‘spooM oY} UT POUTp IAA ‘papas opt Area Atjunod ey, ‘Buoy soyoaod Ayyzy- qnoge soyoeet 9y}—o0UI; WOM 2 Suljquieser yonul ‘payoois A[Sutpevoxe pur ‘opim joay porpuny ono qynoge JaATI ayy, “Yots sreodde ‘aaAtt oy} dn aurea OAs se puel OUT, “WTY RIM Suoye [[NyYs & yySnoiq Ajavd imo jo aug ‘way} uodn Apuoprsa astuy Zurdyeos pue YMEyeUlo} 94} Jo syreur oy} Sulaey ‘punois oy} UO §9 ‘LLVAUL NVIGNI GHL OL | uleulal SIOAIP JO S][NYs oy], ‘punosZ oy} doy suerp -uJ ay} 3Nq ‘saprIs Yyjoq Uo [Jey AueU YoryM UT {em qse[ oY} UI ‘sUIPUT OY} YIM JYySnoy useq pey ay3eq B a194M punois oy} possed Aoyy ‘sor u9d}xIs Jnoqe ‘puey Aq spor oyM asoyuy, ‘soptur «noj-A}UOM} SBA ‘rayem Aq Aep sty} Aournof wnQ -r9AtI goUDIMETT ‘1S 94} ojur AjduIa puke ‘oye, epraug oy} OJUT UNI YoIyM 9soy} pue “preMyyNos vas ay} 0} UNA YOTYM 8.10} -CM 94} UsdMjJOG PUNOIS jsoySiy oy} Wo spurys z10F BYU], “AdAI YMeYOY 9Yy} uO SuoMeStaeu jeoq VY} JO pray oy} ye *xtMuUe]S JOY 0} Bpor pue SUMOISOIIY AA ye osi0y yoo} Auedurod ano jo JersANG “syUOU OMY Joy uTeL BIT nq pey Sutaey ‘Aap AJA st Yes OU O19FJ “poo are ayy pure “aeayo Suiusow oy, “UIST “rea A jst] oY} ‘Suo} puesNoY} 9UO poindoid ‘pyoy Sead T “ueyoiaul ou0 ‘yO X MON FY ‘Uoy sod spunod Ajjy 0} dAY-Aj10J WOIs ye Buryjas ‘opes} Jo aporjse yeors ke st ysejod ayy, ‘azedns ofdew pure ‘yse jreod pue yod _ Zurinjorjnueur pure ‘spuey oy} Sursesyo aie Avy} a190y.M ‘ai0ys UO SaIY OY} WOT, VyouIs panutjuo0d oy} YIM ‘sajtut toy poxoydaad yonut sem y ‘A[prdea sapyjos Ay -uNOd SIV], “Sivo tno Suisn ynoyyrm ‘Kem oy} Jo yaed yeaa ‘una [[NQs ‘doop ‘ouy e& sem ‘sojtur ooay}-A}UOA\Y jnoqe sem yorum ‘Aousnol s,Aep sry} ut ‘19yeM OL], —ay ‘yooog “nuyem 914M ‘uITS ‘svor} Iesns ose] Alaa YIM Surpunoge pure yey sea ‘ves pynod J se rej se ‘A1jUNOD OY} JO Voy ofoymM oy} pue fYyoI A1OA sem ‘ssoisoid s,Aep sity} UI puey oyy, yay udAoS jnoqe oq 0} pereedde youre ay} Jo daams oy y, “wWs9y} jo jaed Aue UI 9UO}S JNOYIIA S1oquIT} PpaUIesy JO oie sjuourjng eyy, “Aoreq wou yaoddns Aue ynoyyA ‘opim yaoj AJUeM} pUe poIpuNy ouUO st yore VsoyAr ‘a3 pligq UspooM & poydeJO SI a1ayM “IaTANYIS WOT Pa -qovar SUIUDAD Jey} pue ‘pleMIO} popasd0i1g “YIFI IVNUNOL S.ADTANIT AOOVE o9 64 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL It appears well adapted for their existence. At the mouth of Canada creek we re-embarked, and pro- ceeded down Wood creek eight miles to the Oak Orchard, where General Amhurst’s army encamped on his way to the Canada expedition, in the French war. Here our little camp pitched their tents. [| rested well on the bank of Wood ereek. Struck our tents early in the morning of the 18th, and proceeded down the stream about six miles; then kindled up a fire on the bank, and cooked a breakfast of tea and chocolate. The land continues low, level, and rich, abounding with sugar trees and white walnut. The navigation of the creek is abun- dantly obstructed by vast quantities of timber.— Here the stream is about fifty feet wide. These waters abound with fish, of which we caught some, with a gig, from the bow of our boat, and some trout, with hook and line. About noon, we dined at the Big Bend, four miles from the lake, on. the bank of the creek, not having seen a cabin for twen- ty-five miles. The banks abound with lofty timber, sugar trees, elm, some large oaks, and shellbark hickory, in which the pigeons innumerable build their nests. Here and there a small fox squirrel ap~ pears,—a few robins, blackbirds, and jays. About three o’clock, we came to the entrance of Oneida lake, which, though among the number of inferior lakes, makes an awful appearance, and is doubtless a wonderful display of that infinite Wisdom and Power by which the worlds were made. Our course along this little ocean appeared to be a little north of west; and the wind being brisk from that point, we raised our tents, as no habitation appeared. “Say TO THE INDIAN TREATY. «65 ’ his evening, a number of Indians came to our camp, viz. Col. Lewis, Capt. John, and a very old chief, named Beechtree, or King Doe, and several young warriors painted red, with black streaks.— Some had their ears cut in strings, with trinkets in b them; and they mostly had bobs of wampum, metal, or bright shells, hung in their noses. They had two of their wives with them—each had a child laced with its back to a board—the front side made of skins, lined with soft flannel, and a canopy of curious work like embroidery, overhead—of like workmanship, were the laces and bandages with which the infant was fastened in—these they loose with great facility, and take out the babe. The whole has the appearance of a case, narrow at bot- tom, and widens upwards—it is about two feet in. length, and has a bow to the front side of it, to go over the mother’s breast, when she carries the child. There were about eleven Indians in this company; Kirkland, their missionary, was with them, and in- terpreted for us. The old chief said he heard we. were there, and with trembling knees, leaning on his staff, he had come to see us; as we were on the work of peace, he rejoiced to see us on that errand, and hoped the Great Spirit would bless our endea- yours, with which he united, and did not know what he lived for, except it was to see it.. Captain John spoke to like import, and said he was glad some of the sons of Onas were along. We imparted some small tokens of respect to the women and chil- dren, who after a visit of about two hours, went away, with some of the young men. The old ones staid and supped with us on the bank of the lake, and then departed. 6 % Surpasoxa sem Aep sty, “snpog Ops] Woy sojtut udAas-£yuaM} ‘tnoqaey woog eddy 0} ‘snpog 78014) jo nou oy} passed ‘pamor pue petes OMA ‘WSS | a ‘Aep ysareopo ay} Ul pAemysom yo paemjsvo ‘premyysou purl jo Mola ou St o10q} e[ppiur oy} ynogy “oxe| yea siyy jo yoodsoud 94} St peapur puery ‘snpos eT} Pett? ‘inoqivy B 0} SO[LUL Udo] ‘OLIvjUG Jo Bes OY} UO fauanof ano pansind o44 ~ ‘squUIp JeIpy “Urey OLA deg ‘daoyjo SuTpUeUUOD ou} YIM poulp pus ‘poyurpe oom OM ‘sn Suroodxe Aouy, ‘ysg out 4q PPY ‘uostiies OdaMS() 0} P? -pasooid pue ‘mojaq Ul poyouney ‘spueA A}XIS ynoge 3 égoejd SurAssred otf} Ssosoe $}BOq ‘ano MaIg, “4303 ‘yor Atuouedde puey ey | -19A0 Oq 0} yoolqus pue ‘mor ore OAL STi} jo squeq oul, “MOTOq atu GUO JOJ pidea Surureoy Su0.t}s eB sulloy pue ‘09J qySto sp[ey ‘1aATL otf} Sso10e 12 youd ouo 4 1078M OY} PUL ‘oprm spaed pospuny OAsy ynoge st JoAl oy} OOF “STP oSamsg 0} ‘1o}eas [Is Jo soplur UsAd[e spreAioyye pue—sojyem pider yo oylu eB ynoge possed—oSeAoa ino pouinsed 2 AA -euueyanbsng oy} Jo YAoF 89M OU} jo | youvsg eS1oAtt SuNMOY) OY} OF F O-[P} pinom oBeriied puey] soptur udsjySIo yey} pue ‘7[Bs VY} JO spied dA[OM4 UIU}IA PUNOJ 19M sdurids 1ojem ysorg YUOT[P9X® FEYF Saiqusneyxoul posvodde uivjunoy oy FeU} ‘Xep sod sjaysnq eAy oyeur pjnod ey ‘yoeo suol[es A}xI8 JO “as sopjey OA} pue ‘poptaoad sem poo voy Wut poyejel oT ‘proiq usdes pure Suoy sapitu uaz ynoge si yorum ‘oyery esnded ou UO sBudg yes ayy 38 | SOAT] OUM UCUL B YIM UOlestoAUod peg om ay ‘ | ‘suotyoodtp ayisoddo ut apis YOR? uc no poojs pue ‘payreyd pue poqured sey sq uaad +P? -yured Apuiads “1o1iem Sunod ev sem Sway) ououry L9 ‘XLVAUL NVIGNI GHL OL “‘pamoy — —sjamef osou pure sSuri-ieo ‘suea ynd yyTAA pot -wiy Ajsnoyjaaseur ‘uouiom pues uaut Sunok Apsoui ‘suBIPU] [@49A08 JOU OM OSE QOPT ‘UlVY} es 0} DM a1aM SB ‘sn 99S 0} pe]S d1aM OM ‘s1o]}}08 mou fo sollayy ad1y} Jou om aoeld siqy yy “apts ys9z poup -uny oai4} sdeysod yoro feptoug ayy se ade] se ynoqge SI }[ ‘d9ALI OSepuoUGg 40 eI0UIg 9y} Jo ueKoUNt OY} 0} ‘saTIut Use}YSIe jnOgE IBALL eprauGg 943 UMOP uolyeZiaeu ino powinseas om ‘Aep ysiy Sulog “YIGT ‘azau AoA poavodde Aziusajo A0f :osiy Aur Jo suoTIOe ay} [[e yng ‘Assequia jusssid oy} sunoodsor Ajuo jou fusndeq Suryoivos pue osoypo @ JUOMJEpUN | “yoryM Surssoio9 uy ‘apt zysra pue “Suoj sojrur 44 ~IIY} NOG SI SAL] SIU, “Loe sAMOY VULOS OF VATIIG jou pip s}toq amo Jo [eiaAas YSnoy} ‘1aAlI Vploug 3y} JO YNoUL Jy} OJUT JOS am ‘Aep Jo Yvorq Jnoqe “za -mod AjySiupy Jo vouepraoid ay} Ysnoiyy Jog *412} ~WM JU} UO GN} B VYT] STjaMs BY} 10AO SULIYIOI “Pulm oy} atojaq ApUa[OTA UeI YAeq ofA} Ano SYOryM 19, V —‘poyooya sem ‘ssouyrep oulosjxo oy} pue ‘soAra ayy Jo Surjvaq ayy wrogy ear » eS TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 87 would probably be many hundreds, more wild and ferocious than these. My mind was covered with Jamentation respecting the cause of such degrada- tion, which, at least in part, appears to arise from abandoned and profligate white people having the greatest intercourse with them in their trade, and towns; to which, stimulated by the love of money, they resort, at the risk of their lives—carrying their -yices, immoralities, and bad example with them. _ These, the poor uncultivated Indians easily imbibe; and, taking root in a soil, adapted to receive evil seed, produce fruit, dreadful to behold. _ The greatest discouragements attending from day to. day respecting the desired peace, arise from a query or doubt, that a neglect of religious duty to- wards these poor people in earlier time, might be rewarded by a continuance of unrelenting, savage -chastisement on our borders, from the old inhabitants of the land; whose murderous practices and their cruel instruments of death, and engines of destruc- tion, I tremble to relate—such as rifles, bayonets, scalping knives, and tomahawks of brass and steel; ‘and the bodies of some almost covered over with ‘silver, tin and other plates, broaches, bobs, &c. as hostile ensigns. In all which, may I not say with ‘sorrow and blushing, they have been equalled, if not exceeded, by the professed followers of the meek and humble Jesus, whose holy kingdom and divine law suffer violence and depression, to a mournful degree. 7 This day, we dined at the mess house, with about sixteen respectable British officers; all young gen- -tlemen from Great Britain and Ireland: several of whom were estated men, to great amount. They 88 ' JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL behaved with a modest civility, far exceeding my expectation from military characters. The enter- tainment was luxuriously sumptuous, and hospitable, as to flesh, fish, fruit, and vegetables, with variety of wines and Seceliont London porter. We dined at four o’clock, and spent till near sunset in agree- able conversation, on various subjects—such as reli- gion, governments, war, peace, theatrical exhibitions; and, at the conclusion, they begged leave to drink a toast; which, out of pouiiile ante: they dispensed with, except the King’s health. We told them we could not encourage the practice, as it frequently proved an inlet to intemperance, and sometimes in- toxication; which they granted—nevertheless they took the liberty to drink, success to the Quakers i in the present honourable, and disinterested underta- king. After night, a lad named Daniel Frazer, came to our lodgings. He told us he was taken prisoner by the Indians, out of Russell county in Virginia. Here eame also, James Henry, a smart young man, a pri- soner with the Blind Chief, near the mouth of the river Roosh, twelve miles from Detroit. He is adopt- ed; which renders his case difficult. They have put jewels in his nose and ears, and figured him like an Indian. ~ He is desirous of returning to his relations near Georgetown, Eastern Shore of Maryland. In this house is hired a young woman, whose name is Field, taken from Ohio, below Fort Pitt, where her father lived when she was taken. We have met with divers others, whose cases excite sympathy and concern, and to which attention has béén paid; but we thought it most prudent not to make strenuous exertions at present, lest it might operate to our dis- ~ TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 89 advantage at the treaty, in procuring the enlarge- ment of prisoners more generally. : | 15th. Abiah Park came to see us. He isa trader with the Indians. yet says, if one can be made, it will be permanent. This forenoon felt easy to. appoint a meeting, to be- gin at ten o’clock to-morrow, at a shop in the ship- | yard, under the direction of William Baker, a Friend in principle, and cousin to George Baker of india delphia. In the evening several Indians of the Wyandot tribe came to our lodgings to see us. -about twenty miles from this place, at a town called They live Mogogam. One Samuel Sanders, a Scotchman, who lives with them, interpreted. They told us they had heard their fathers say, the Quakers were hon-_ est, and never wronged them; and they hoped we would stand for justice, and not see them wronged, at the treaty. We informed them we came in love to see them, and to renew old friendship; that the power _ did not lay with us—but we believed the commis- sioners were sincerely disposed for peace. There also came to our lodgings, a party of the Chipawas— an old chief and several warriors, one of whom had a human scalp, with beautiful fair curled hair on it, tied to his ear. These were some of those, who, a day or two before, had treated us so roughly. A white man who stood near us at that time, and un-— derstood their language, told us they had a desire to have our scalps. They appear to be a terrible nation, fierce, insolent and warlike; and, I believe, exceedingly injured by their intercourse with the _ white people, especially the French, many of whom are little more refined than they. Their almost in- 8 * He entertains doubts of a peace; $0 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL cessant importunity for rum, made the interview not so agreeable. We mostly evaded giving them liquor, and substituted pipes and tobacco, to put them off. - 16th. First of the week. Went to meeting, where a large number of the inhabitants of the town, and military men, assembled. I believe it was a solid season, and truth’s testimony was exalted over all opposition; notwithstanding rawness and dark in- sensibility were painfully prevalent. We came to our lodgings, and dined with two Wyandot chiefs, who: had been to see us the preceding evening. — They behaved with decency at table, equal to any of us; handled their knife and fork well, eat mode- rately, drank two glasses of wine, and through the whole, conducted with a decorum that would do ho- nour to hundreds of white people. We afterwards went down the river in Col. England’s boat, about six miles, to the house of Judge Powell, where we had appointed a meeting. The Judge and his fami- ly -being gone to England, his steward had kindly offered his house. A considerable number conve- ned, and I was comforted in a belief that the ever- lasting gospel was preached in Canada. After which we returned to our lodgings. 17th. This morning there were many unfavour- able reports respecting the hostile dispositions of the Indians, passing on to the treaty. The circumstances of things appear very critical, and alarming. Even our personal safety is called in question, and much doubted, unless the commissioners have very exten- sive powers. As I was writing in the chamber where I lodged, two W yandots, much in liquor, came ‘up into the room, and teazed me for rum. I put them off. After some time they laughed, shook oS eae . alone. _ Maj. Andrews and several other military gentlemen, and two of their ladies. £ exercise, sorrow and pain. ‘tenances awakened all the compassionate feelings of _my mind, towards them. But my agency seemed so 91 hands and departed. At which I was glad, as 1 was Dined with Capt. England, Capt. Leaburn, TO THE INDIAN TREATY. They were very courteous and polite. 18th. We wrote a letter two days ago, in order to hasten the commissioners to come forward to this. _ place, being more contiguous to Sandusky, and more in the way of information. This morning we wrote a few lines to Col. McKee, at the great preparative council at Miami rapids, expressive of our peace- able mission. 3 '. Yen principal Indians, Senecas and Cayugas, : came to see us. gray hairs, and furrowed brows; evident marks of Several of them old men, with around of years, attended with variety of hardships, Their depressed coun- feeble, I could only retire into solemn quietude, and intercede the common Father, to be the comfort and _ prop of their declining years. The old Fish-carrier was one of the number. : This day, my exercise of mind was heavy, and _ my heart sorrowful, in a feeling of the sufferings of the pure Seed in this place, and the cruelty.and op- pression which reign among the children of men, ‘even of the most polished nations. What enormous salaries are given to military officers, both sea and land, as also to officers in civil government, who too generally stand opposed, with thousands. of others in more inferior stations, to the spreading and in- _erease of the kingdom and government of the Prince of Peace. In a little interview with Capt. Munsey, 92 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL a sprightly British officer, I took the liberty to men- tion the possibility, that when the broils in France should subside, the African slave trade be abolished, and a permanent peace concluded with our Ameri- ean Indians, all this globe might be at peace; and that swords (of which he had one by his side) might be beaten into ploughshares. He quickly replied, he hoped not to see such a time, as it would also beat up his bread and butter, (meaning his living. ) Such are the views of too many, in this day. A middle aged Indian, of the Delaware tribe, dined with us. He talked a little English, by which we understood he was in possession of several sheets of ancient writings; that he had heard of Friends, and just faintly remembered Z. Heston and John Parrish being at their town. He said there were but Buchon- geholas, Pipe, and two other chiefs, belonging to their nation; that we might depend, if they said peace, it would be peace; but if they said war, it would be war? Also said, we would find the middle tribes more faithful and manly than the Chipawas and Wyandots; for they were treacherous. I told him, they had called us Shemochtemon, or Big Knife, and said they wanted our scalps; at which he laughed. 19th. Crossed the river, and went down the east- ern bank four miles, to the house of John Missiner, where we had a solemn season, with a number of his neighbours, to the contriting of the hearts of di- vers present. Lodged with him that night. 20th. This morning, had a religious opportunity in his family, in which, and the preceding meeting, dear John Parrish was favoured, in an extraordinary manner. After parting with them, we walked up the river about a mile, called at the house of Francis pee gy artah ON aa Se eee ie aa) ee cae eae ay od, ee eee ie: Py a ee to ges: Se Pe Me GR Oe ie SAY ere sae es Bad et ee Sok Ae es re Spee SOLE ae ee fees Ria: re oe het oe Cee bal ae GR CS te hee Foe. i ther look at me, nor speak to me. ~ was lost. me very wildly. _ ter. He said, he hoped he would. up on his feet, and said, my trust is in the Lord, a ve ce ae “ pet as ele en ee, PAY ee EO SIS VG ROS NOS aa Se py ; - ¥ TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 93 | Cornwall, and had conversation with him and his a precious wife Anna, on the subjects of water bap- tism, the bread and wine, &c.; which they endeavour- ed, for a while, to defend; but at length gave it up. _ We likewise had a close conversation with a French militia captain, on the subject of war, which we held to be incompatible with the purity, spirit, and pre- cepts of the gospel. To the general scope of which, he assented; but alleged, that according to the oath of allegiance to his king, when he ordered martial _ enterprises, he must obey; and that his king must be responsible for what was done. We silenced his arguments; and proceeded to Frederick Arnold’s. On the way, I went to visit a man who was deranged. He was chained inabarn. At first, he would nei- He was sitting down. I spoke to him in the fear of the Lord, and desired him not to be discouraged; but trust in the Lord; for he was come to seek and to save that which He then lifted up his eyes, and stared at I said, I hoped he would be bet- He then stood and not in going into the water. I learned he had been pressed by some zealous Baptists to undergo that operation, which he could not consent to. I gave him some further counsel, and Jeft him. I heard, next day he was so rational as to be unchained.— ‘Lodged with Frederick Arnold, a long bearded Tun- ker, an inoffensive man; but, like his brethren, and too many others, loves money. 21st. John Elliott and myself walked several _ miles up the river, and were ferried over it in a canoe, by a Frenchman. The river is about three- 94 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL quarters of a mile wide, opposite the town, In this excursion I made the following observations: From Lake Erie up to this place, is eighteen miles. Each farm is laid out about forty perches on the river—mostly improved, with houses, gardens, and orchards; and extending back, where the land is level, and abounds with grass, and where hundreds of cattle thrive exceedingly, producing beef, butter, cheese, veal, &c. in plenty. Their winters are about four months, in which it is requisite to feed stock. The country, at present, is excellently adapted for raising live stock. The soil is mixed, and various, clay, gravel, sand, &c. “Here are fine fields of wheat, and peas, but too wet for corn. The whole country is level, to a fault, without a stone, except on islands +n the mouth of the river Croeseel, and on the banks of the lake, which are generally limestone—these are monopolized by old Indian traders, and sold to the inhabitants, at a high rate, for the purpose of building their chimnies, &c. Hog Island is in sight, above the garrison. It appears to be well timbered. I am told it took its name from this circumstance; being infested with rattlesnakes to such a degree that people were afraid to enter upon it; and, as the best expedient, they turned on it a large herd of three or four year old swine. In time, the hogs destroyed the reptiles so that it became habitable, and thence was called Hog Island. Large rafts of excellent timber are brought into the king’s yard, in this place, from the river Lau- trench; and some fine masts and beams, come by water out of lake Huron, quite through lake St. Clair. The changes of weather, are great-and frequent here. There are no eels found in the waters, nor TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 95 yats on the. land, west, or above the great Falls of Niagara. Here is abundance of corn boiled in strong lye, and made into what we call slut hominy, to go in the north-west trade, as far as a place called the “Black North, said to be eighteen hundred miles dis- tant, now in the hands of British and Scotch mer- chants. They go thither in batteaux. I saw a man who resided there three years; who says, early in the spring they set out with choice peltry, such as beaver, otter, minks, martins, &c. come to the great portage, where they are met by the batteaux from Montreal, exchange their load, and each returns just ‘as winter sets in. To the north-west posts, Indians | frequently come that never saw a white man before. _ They are clothed in buffaloe and bear skins, neatly softened, whitened and dressed. They are kind and good natured, use bows and. arrows, and have no fire arms. They cover their cabins with large rough skins: as the merchants rarely purchase even deer skins; having such an abundance of more rich furs, that they cannot send the coarse skins forward. This trade is rich and extensive, and employs the capitals of many merchants, both in England and Canada. The great channel of this trade is down the Grand river from Huron lake, to which is but a short car- rying place. An immense quantity of skins pass this way. The whole of the trade makes way for large numbers of Canadian watermen to get a living. - The wages for them, and also for hands on land, average about six pounds a month. Cows sell at fif- teen pounds a head—sheep, six dollars a piece— veal calves, twelve dollars each. 7 The English and German farmers are likely to alter the manner of living, and customs in this place, 96 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL. for the better. The old French settlers in general, are poor economists, and proud withal—live mise. rably at home, yet appear grand abroad. It is said they live much on boiled fish, supping the broth with- out either bread or salt. They are superstitiously reli- gious, going to mass more than two hundred days in the year. They have two large worship houses here, and a number of crosses, set up on the banks of the river and other places, to evince their christianity, 22nd. Walked up the river about four miles, to a place called Bloody Bridge, from a contest which happened there between the British, Canadians, and Indians, where many fell. We called at a respect- able French farmer’s, who took us into a curious garden of fruit, flowers, &c.: also into his ‘ house, where were pictures, representing Christ on the Cross, old Saints, &c. John Elliott talked French to them; they appeared pleased, and behaved polite- ly. Though much apparent superstition and idola- try-are indulged amongst them, yet I hope many are looking beyond it to the more substantial parts of true worship: although I have seen them after mass, frolicking and horse racing in the road _pass- Ing the worship house, or as it were, at the door, the remaining part of the day, to their reproach. The buildings on the banks of the river, though low, being mostly a story and a half, are beautiful, and the farms fertile—but their fuel and rails are all to be drawn about four miles. On our return, we fell in with several Chipawa camps—they had tents of mats curiously wrought of flags, reeds, rushes, &c. Their canoes were made of bark, with great skill and ingenuity. (To be continued. ) Fs,” es FRIENDS’ MISCELLANY. ——————————————————————— No. 3.] SECOND MONTH, 1832. [Vox. II. JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL. (CONTINUED. ) 23rd. First-day. Had a meeting in the sail-loft, ‘with a considerable number of people. It was a time of stripping and heavy exercise; yet I trust the gos- pel testimony did not suffer reproach. A number of Indians came to see us, and behaved civilly. One said, he was glad at his heart to see us. 24th. Taken up in writing home. 25th. Air cold and chilly. This forenoon a wolf was brought to the wharf, which was shot on Hog Island. Itis said to have been floated there from the main land last winter on a cake of ice. Since which time he has killed sixty pigs. The owner of the island advertised twenty dollars for his head. A half Indian shot him. He was higher than any dog I ever saw, and his teeth larger and stronger than a mastiff’s. He was about six feet long from the end of the nose to the feet or paws of the hind legs—of a grayish colour, short, broad ears, ad a long hairy, but not bushy, tail. This morning we received account, that a compa- ny of Chipawa Indians who had got too much rum, differed in their tent on the commons. Two of them attacked a third, and stabbed him to death with their knives. A sorrowful instance of the shocking, hor- rid effects of this man-bane, (distilled spirits.) This Vou. 1L—9 100 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL hands. It was also urged, that it was our duty to use endeavours to promote, and pray for this, in pre- ference to effecting their extermination. For which purpose, many dark and diabolical machinations are proposed; one of these I had recently heard of, viz. To take a large quantity of liquor, of which they are extremely fond, and infuse the strongest poison therein: take it into an army which should make feint shdws, until the body of them should be col- lected, then make a sham battle, and retreat with precipitation, leaving the liquor behind. The sub- ject was closely combated, and I thought, ended in favour of the cause of injured humanity. © After our interview closed, three of us walked out to speak to the Chipawas, lately arrived. We met five or six of them; but they could not understand us, neither we them, only this much, Chemochte- man, Bostone. I offered my hand to them repeat- edly, as also did John Parrish, which they as often refused. They had come down the lakes four hun- dred miles; which shows how wide and deep the prejudice against our citizens has extended. 27th. Were visited at our lodgings by Dr. Wright, Capt. Munsey, Broadhead, Crawford,’ and several other officers, who continue very respectful to us. From this place, many hundreds of bushels of hominy, go yearly to MclInoi, from whence it is forwarded to the Grand Portage; there it is parceled out at one bushel to a man—who is more prudent than to use one grain in his north-western route of about eighteen hundred, or as some say, two thou- sand miles from the Grand Portage, as it is to be his main support in case of sickness, accidents, &c. one whole year. But while health remains, they substi- 5 + “ TO THE INDIAN TREATY. tol tute huckleberries in their season, which they dry in the smoke, to take off the insipid sweet taste— other times, wild rye is gathered and boiled—at others, they catch large fish, boil them, select the large bones, which being pounded or beaten, are packed in the skin of some beast just taken off, to preserve for use. They kill beasts and -birds, eat - the flesh and drink the blood, without either bread or salt. Thus they live. ? The trade is principally carried on (that is, the labour,) by Canadians, who are quite as hardy, and almost as savage, as the Indians themselves.. They are not allowed- by the merchants at Montreal, to take into the north-west, more than one bushel, as their canoes must be of just such a weight as two men can carry on their shoulders, and will just hold so much, as is completely filled with goods suita- ble for Indian trade. The company has arrived at great opulence by this business. They extend it by their accounts, so far as to mix, at times, and meet with merchants of the wilderness like themselves, a employed by the Hudson Bay company. One old man is returned, whom John Askin says he never knew to deviate from the truth, as too many travellers do: He says he has explored those high latitudes fifty years, and that far beyond all buffaloes, bears, and S large beasts of any kind; the country there will pro- duce no kind of grain, nor large trees; but the most - fine furs, the beaver, otter, and martin skins, always selling at market for a third more than middle furs, Askin says, Alexander Henry frequently tried to raise corn on the banks of Lake Superior, but never eould get one ear in perfection. All which, and abundance more that might be truly inserted, con~ 9 * > 102 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL spire to give forty degrees north latitude the prefer- ence for human beings to breathe in, This evening, had a visit from Capt. John Drake, an old Guinea trader, now a navigator on these lakes, remarkable for using no kind of drink but water; yet isa healthy, robust man. He is employed in the north-west trade, and just arrived from the Falls of St. Mary, at the entrance. into Lake Superior. On this trade, the company has one topsail vessel, and a larger on the stocks, ready to launch. They navigate that lake about four hundred miles, and some distance up a river, to the Grand Portage—where the goods are taken to canoes, by about one thousand men. These canoes run, as it is supposed, at least fifteen hundred miles, west-north-west—which requires them to be exceedingly industrious to make the post before winter—and when winter sets in a week or two ‘sooner than common, they are frequently caught by the way. — ; | One McKenzie, and ten men, set out last spring was a year, from the Black, or by some called the Grand North Post, to attempt further discoveries; they have not been heard of since. He had been out once before, for twelve months; and met with mountains of salt ice. He now expects to be out three years. Some of these northern adventurers return, and appear as well as those who remain at home, feasting on delicacies. In short, the young men hereaway, think themselves no more accom- plished for company or conversation, not having taken this journey, than our young gentlemen, not having taken the tour of Europe. A day or two past, we had the company of five Moravian Indians, whose sorrowful history deeply: affected us. ' been barbarously murdered at Muskingum, they 10 THE INDIAN TREATY. — 103 After ninety-six of their people had were terrified, and driven from one place to an- other, seven times. Their last movement was to the river Traunch, or Thames. They put in seventy acres of corn last year, which grew to good size, but being a little too late, was killed by the frost. E By which means, about one hundred and forty men, women, and children, are under great suffering, for want of bread. Government furnished two hundred bushels of corn for their relief, which was nearly expended. On consideration of their being as the first fruits of Indian civilization, and are reputed yery industrious; as also on consideration of the eoncern of our society for the natives of the land, and the business in which we were embarked, we, on conferring together, were united in prospect, that it would be right, strangers and pilgrims as we were, to try our credit to supply them with one hundred dollars worth of corn and flour. Which being procured from Matthew Dolson, we furnished them with it; for which they and their missionary, Sensemer, appeared thankful; and I believe it had a good sayour amongst the people here. We wrote a short epistle, expressive of our good wishes for, and kind remembrance of them, and sent by Sam. White, John Kilbuck, and their companions, to David Zeisberger, to be read generally, among their society at home. 28th. Warm and sultry. Staid mostly at our lodgings. : 29th. Had a visit from a Wyandot chief, who ap- peared to have much concern. respecting the ap- proaching treaty—also, a remembrance of former 104 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL treaties and belts. Some long and broad belts, he said they had, that were intended, not only to bind ~. us by the hands, but clasp us by the arms, so that no small accidents should in future, be able to make a separation. And that, notwithstanding all that had happened, the Wyandots felt some of the old affec- tion to possess their breasts, and he hoped we would find it so at the general Council: but could speak for none but themselves. We desired our interpreter, J. Heckewelder, to assure him we possessed the same love and friendship for them, and for all other Indians, that we, or our forefathers, ever did—that our prin- ciples had always restrained us from making war against them. But when we believed the govern- ment was disposed to make peace with them, on principles of justice, we were willing to leave our homes and near connexions, and at a great expense, undertake a long and hazardous journey, to endea- vour to promote it, and to be present at the conclu- ding of so good a work. On delivery of which, he _ said, he knew long ago we did not fight, but were for peace. He then got up, and shook hands with Friends, then sat down, and spoke in substance as fol- lows: That as we had come a long journey, and were all preserved in health, it was evident the Great Spirit was pleased with our coming; and he hoped some good would be done, and that the Great Spirit would bring us home in the same good health, with peace and joy. To which we replied, we were glad of such an opportunity to talk with him, and if the great and good work of peace could be effected, we hoped we should return home with joy and peace; which was all the reward we wanted or looked for. He asked whether it would be disagreeable, if he TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 105 syrsis to come and dine with us, to which we invited him. | We were also visited this morning, by Abram, Katherine his wife, Rebekah and Mary, his daugh- e ‘ters. They live at Miami Rapids, are Mohickons, and appear much civilized. Also, some Shawnee women, one‘a widow, who, because of her situation, had taken off her bobs, jewels, and trinkets, with which the others shone with splendor, having massy plates of silver about them, I have no doubt, to an amount that would have clothed them in silk and velvet. Had it not been for the profuse introduction » of distilled spirits amongst these people, and the frauds in consequence of it, imposed upon them, al- go the ravages and depredations of war, with multi- plied murders and thefts, they would at this day have ‘been a very wealthy people in silver and gold, cat- - tle and horses. But the reverse is, at present, their ‘sorrowful situation, I fear to our condemnation. The history of their barbarity, treachery, and breach of faith to the white people, and to one another, which > ene _*we have heard rehearsed by people well acquainted with facts, since we arrived here, would be painful, tedious, and indeed too shocking to relate. These circumstances almost stagger the faith of their best - friends. Even one of the Moravian missionaries said, that even if peace should be concluded, it would not last long, until they were further chas- tised. John Parrish asked, by what means? Did he mean the sword? It was answered, yes—not until they were convinced the United States were too powerful for them, and able to subject them.— These being the sentiments of those who had lived _ long among them, solely to promote peace, and the PERE BSS ee ee a % <= ty Le SU eee ne ee : i os 106 JACOB LINDLEY S JOURNAL TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 107. ny sung aloud. I saw them through the windows, from our lodging. _Many of them appeared sincere. > But oh! the clouds of lifeless ceremonies, of images, ye pictures, water, wine, wafers; schemes of human ¥ policy and earthly wisdom, operating as so many - yeils which obscure the inshining of the rays of the sun of righteousness, darkening counsel, to a sorrow- _ ful degree, often amongst men in eminent stations. Indeed, the veil of the covering, spread over all na- ‘~ principles of the gospel, proved very discouraging tous. They also pronounced it impossible to in- struct them in the principles of justice, equity, and government; which I was not willing to admit. We had a visit to-day, from Nathan Williams, an intelligent man, especially in Indian affairs, which he has been intimately acquainted with. He, ina friendly manner, suggested fears that we would be either killed, or kept as hostages, at the ensuing Council. And truly I am not astonished at their ideas, tions, is only destroyed in proportion as we approach, considering the spectacles of human misery they are and ascend the Lord’s peaceable, holy mountain, in almost daily presented with, and the rumours they the purity of his saints, as little children,—where, - hear—where tribes of Indian warriors have so fre- eS Pehhout cloud of ceremony, or mist of darkness or quently passed, with their disconsolate prisoners; we Dabelict, their angels do behold the face or appear- _and with poles stuck up in the front of their canoes, some with fifteen, others with thirty scalps suspend- ho ed on them, in trophy of their courage and victory. . Though it must be said in honour of British huma- nity, and commendation of this government, Upper Canada, and its truly respectable and generous offi- cers, they have interfered to the relief of scores of prisoners, and obtained their redemption at a great ~ _ price. Divers of these we have met with, and they appeared as the very outcasts of England and Ire- land, who, as Col. England, and other officers, told me, hardly had the manners to acknowledge the kindness, though in some instances it cost one hun- dred pounds. But in case of a real American, they never begrudged it. ance of their Father in heaven,—they behold his “universal love,—in his pure fear,—in the awful at- ue tributes of his righteous judgments, —and incompre- _ ihe hensible mercies,—more than heart can think, or | : Mt i tongue can speak,—and, in abasement, they bow be- | : fore the name of the Lord Jehovah, in whom sure- i A ly, is everlasting strength, and to whom, I desire to * ‘commit my cause, and commend my soul, with my | dear companion, and our tender babes, if we should never more meet in this vale of tribulation. Wt oe Last night, about eleven o’clock, five or six guns ) A - _went off smartly one after another. The report ie sounded unpleasant, especially, anticipating if it ie: ' should so happen at Sandusky, how it would re . : . Lunderstand it was at some wolves, This has been a high day at the Roman chapel; CREE slowed a neighbour’s sheep. . being canonized in honour of St. Peter. They rung - - 30th. We were visited by a principal man of the. Ce 2 th Santee ean te hort At ie Wyandots, called the Blind Chief, with his nephew, fen, they assembled at the chapel in great numbers, | 4 _ grand-son, and great-grand-son, a likely lad of twelve Aa rene rane Hn Sete and i years old: They were well dressed, and appeared 108 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL friendly. We informed them, by an interpreter, of our friendly motives in this visit, and explained our ‘uniform peaceable principles and practice, for more than one hundred years; and that we wished to pro- mote peace in our country. He told us, eight of their principal men were gone to the Council at Miami Rapids, with pacific views and intentions. They took leave of us in a decent, respectable man- ner. This day, we had two meetings in the king’s sail- loft, largely attended by citizens, officers, and sol- diers, of Detroit, which, though deeply exercising, wading us through mire, and dire and rubbish, yet were to a good degree, satisfactory. Ist of 7th mo. Breakfasted at Capt. Elliott’s: af- terwards, attended the burial of Isidore Shone, at the Roman chapel, where the priest in his pontifical robes, was preceded by a man bearing on an ensign like a halbert, a large cross; and attended by singers, and two little lads, each with a candle. They, with the priest and singers, were clothed in black petti- coats, and covered over the arms and shoulders with a white surplice, which reached down to the knee. When the coffin, which was covered with a black pall with costly fringe, approached the threshold of the chapel, the bearers made a small halt, the priest turned round with a brush in his hand, and sprinkled water on the apparatus about the deceased. I did not go inside of the house, but saw numbers of light- ed candles burning in it; which made but a feint light, as the sun shone bright, and the day was ex- ceeding warm. Notwithstanding which, the eccle- siastical part of the procession went bare-headed, and very slow, muttering, or rather growling, a sen- TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 109 tence or two of Latin, over and over, all the way. Indeed the whole of this religious parade, appeared to have more of Jewish ceremony, or Gentile super- ‘stition in it, than Christian simplicity or gravity.— They deposited the poor tabernacle under the floor, rung the bells, sung aloud, made their sanctum sanc- torum resound, and then departed. Numbers of them come to mass on first-day, eight or ten miles, just step in, and (they say) rhyme over their paternoster, dip their finger into the font, cross themselves, and out again, to drink and frolic. 2nd. I went on board the Ottoway, Capt. Cowan, _. just arrived from Fort Erie, in hopes of hearing from home; in which I was disappointed. I found eigh- . teen Oneida Indians on board, with whom I had some conversation. The captain informed me, he had put sixty on shore at the mouth of the Miami, on their way to the Rapids, where, we are inform- ed, twelve hundred Indians are assembled. This day we received a letter from Colonel McKee, con- taining friendly sentiments, and an assurance that we should have timely notice of the opening of the treaty. We also received one from a young man on board the Chipaway, informing that Colonel Butler, who was passenger with his Indians on board Capt. Cowan’s vessel, came on board their vessel, and in conversation in a select company, where he had no suspicion, expressed, that if the commissioners should propose, or even hint any other terms than what . were concluded upon by the Indians, he would not . think it strange, if every person from the colonies, commissioners, Quakers, and all, should be sacrificed on the spot; for they knew no distinction, but their own people. This, the young man communicated te Von. II.—10 ep sab me POMS 2 Br 3 Pee Gate ee en a 110 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL us out of pure friendship, having heard it himself: which we treasured up at present. But truly, the pressure of murdering, dark, blood-thirsty spirits, from day to day, is exceeding heavy; always re- quiring us to watch and pray, that we may be fur- nished with the whole armour of light. ; 3rd. Col. England came to visit us. We went to see his garden—in the interview, he showed every mark of respect to Friends, and desired us as often as we wished, to retire into his arbours in the heat of the day. We acknowledged his kindness, and went to our lodgings to dine, where we had the company of a young Shawnese chief. He was neat- ly dressed in Indian style. I computed he had, at least, one thousand silver broaches stuck on a new silk hunting shirt. He behaved at table with great gentility. | 4th. Fourteen Indians came to see us. They ap- peared friendly. The weather exceeding warm. Al- though we are well supplied with provisions, yet, the water being all brought from the river, and standing ina tierce in the sunshine, makes our drink disagreeable. This, with a host of flies by day, and fleas and bugs by night, added to our state of sus- pense, required some fortitude and patience to keep our post, without looking back, or meditating an escape. . 5th. Had some conversation with an intelligent woman, who had been taken prisoner in Kentucky, and separated from her husband and nine children. All had been favoured to meet again except one, which she says is now in Kentucky. She says, three hundred and ninety-five persons were taken, and scattered through the wilderness at the time they — TO THE INDIAN TREATY. . lil were, fourteen years ago. Such a situation, contrast- ed with a land of peace, and the security of life, liberty, and property, may enable us to make some estimate of the blessings we enjoy, and the princi- ples which lead to a permanent security of them. ~ This morning the Ottoway, Capt. Cowan, sailed for Fort Erie, to go by the way of Miami Bay, hav- ing provisions on board for McKee and the Indians at the Rapids. With whom Capt. Elliott, deputy Indian agent for the British, embarked, to join McKee at the council. We acquainted him repeat- edly with our design in coming to this country, and our prospects of the importance of the business in agitation, and engaged him to use his influence as - speedily as possible, to open the way for a treaty. 1 ‘sent by this vessel some intelligence to Philadelphia, and sailed up the river past Hog Island and Pearl Island, into the lower end of Lake St. Clair, which is about thirty-six miles long, and eighteen broad. After taking a prospect of Gross Point, the residence of Commodore Grant, viewed N. Williams’s stone wind mill, dined at his house, and returned eight or nine miles to our lodgings. William Savery and William Hartshorn, in our absence, were visited by _a Shawnee warrior, who announced to them what had before been frequently suggested to us by divers per- sons, that if the commissioners did not immediately agree, that all the land west of the Ohio, should be evacuated, and given up by the United States, or _ even hinted any thing to the contrary, by offering gifts or money as purchase, of which they under- stood they had brought abundance with them, that _ none of them, or their company, would ever go off Pe the ground alive—for their fathers, who are now all ~~ 112 JACOB LINDLEY’S JOURNAL gone, had sold lands for knives, broaches, and rum, till they were now driven almost to the sun-setting,where they were determined to make a stand. He com- plained of the ruinous consequences of the introduc- tion of spirituous liquors amongst their fathers, say- ing, at first, they called it bitter water, and some, fiery water. But by repeated offers of it to them, they at length fell in with it, to their hurt in gene- ral. He also informed, that four days before he left the Rapids, a deputation of two chiefs of each nation had embarked to meet the commissioners at Niaga- ra, to let them know the outlines of their conclusions, and that if the white people would settle to the banks of Ohio, on the east side, and agree that the river should be the line, they would be glad, and take them by the hand, and call them brothers. All which intel- ligence, he said, might be depended on as true. Our apprehensions that the commissioners were vested with no such powers, and that the government had no such intentions, tended to thicken the cloud which seems impending over this land; as the seeds of de- struction are sowing in a soil, prepared to produce shocking scenes. ‘This same Indian, getting raised with strong drink - In the afternoon, made a stroke with his tomahawk at one Sylvester Ash, an interpreter, who had long resided with the Shawnese ; Ash’s exertions pre- vented his killing him; he then knocked off our landlord’s hat, who struck him several hard blows, and turned him out of the house. Capt. Munsey, peng present, sent for two-soldiers, who put him “out of the garrison. He was much enraged. Upon the whole, all things conspire to increase the gloom, | TO THE INDIAN TREATY. 113 and assure us that nothing short of wisdom from on high will do for us to lean to. 6th. My mind was deeply exercised with a con- sideration, how the way may open in this dark land, to lift up our testimony for the excellency of the government of Christ, our Redeemer, in these hea- then regions of both white and red people. The Felicity is just arrived from the Miami, and con-— firms the account of the Indian deputation being — gone to meet the commissioners at Niagara, accom- panied by Col. Butler and Simon Girty. “th. First of the week. Held a meeting in the sail-loft, which was in a good degree comfortable and satisfactory. Just arrived from the Rapids, Capt. John, David Kennedy, and Mohican Samuel, by - whom we received a letter from Capt. Hendricks, importing, twenty nations were then assembled; that there were runners sent to bring forward the Poto- watomie chiefs; that in a few days, they should move to Sandusky, and that a desire for peace was gaining yround amongst them. This account, from aman in whom we had confidence, was encouraging to us. In the afternoon, we held a meeting for worship at a mill, at the river Ruzche, about five miles from Detroit, with a considerable number of middle aged . and young people, to the peace of our minds. Re- turned in the evening, they having sent up horses to bring us down and carry us back. 8th. Had an interview with David Kennedy, a learned, intelligent man, just returned with Capt.. John from the Rapids. 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