o£p 19 1956 COLLEGI v i- ' LIBRARY SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN CATALOGUE ISSUE 1956-1957 SWARTHMORE PENNSYLVANIA The Bulletin, of which this publication is Volume LIV, No. 1, is published monthly, except July and August, by Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. Entered at the post office at Swarthmore, Pa., as second-class matter, in accordance with provision of the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912. (Printed in U. S. A .) Clothier M emorial Parrish Hall SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN CATALOGUE ISSUE 1956-1957 SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA V olum e L IV N u m b er 1 S ep tem b er, 1 9 5 6 Directions for Correspondence For information about: GENERAL COLLEGE POLICY Courtney Smith, President ADMISSIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS For men: Gilmore Stott, Associate Dean For women: Deborah Wing, Associate Dean After February 1, 1957, for men and women: Robert D. Cross, Director of Admissions RECORDS, TRANSCRIPTS AND CATALOGUES John M. Moore, Registrar FINANCIAL INFORMATION Edward K. Cratsley, Vice-President G. Caroline Shero, Assistant Controller VOCATIONAL PLACEMENT AND GUIDANCE Maralyn Orbison, Director ALUM NI AFFAIRS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS Joseph B. Shane, Vice-President GENERAL INFORMATION Maralyn Orbison, Director of News Office The Rhodes Scholarship Trust The Rhodes Scholarship Trust maintains an office in this country for the purpose of administering the selection of American Rhodes Scholars and conducting the affairs of the Rhodes Scholarships in the United States. This office was located at Swarthmore College during the presidency of Dr. Frank Aydelotte, who served as the first American Secretary. On the occasion of the appointment of Courtney Smith to the American Secretaryship this office was located in Princeton, N. J., and returned to Swarthmore when Dr. Smith took up his duties as president of the College in September, 1953. American Secretary of the Rhodes Scholarships, Courtney Smith Assistant to the American Secretary, Prosser Gifford Secretary, Elsa Palmer Jenkins 2 Table of Contents Calendar .......................................................................................................................... P e r s o n n e l .......................................................................................................................... The Corporation and The Board of Managers ................................................. Alumni Association Officers and Alumni C o u n c il............................................. The F aculty.................................................................................................................. Divisions and Departments .................................................................................... Standing C om m ittees................................................................................................ Administrative Officers and Assistants ................................................................ Introduction to Swarthmore College ................................................................. Admission .................................................................................................................. Expenses .............................. Student Aid and Scholarships ............................................................................... Educational Resources ............................................................................................ College Life ............................................................................................................. Student Community ................................................................................................. T he Educational Pr o g r a m .......................................................................................... Program for Freshmen and Sophom ores.............................................................. Program for Juniors and Seniors ........................................................................... Reading for Honors ................................................................................................. Pre-Medical Program .............................................................................................. Faculty Regulations ................................................................................................... Requirements for G ra d u a tio n .................................................................................. Advanced D e g re e s..................................................................................................... Awards and Prizes ................................................................................................... Fellowships ................................................................................................................ Courses of I nstruction .............................................................................................. Astronomy ................................................................................................................ Biology ........................................................................................................................ Chemistry .................................................................................................................... C lassics................................................. Economics .................................................................................................................. Engineering ................................................................................................................ English Literature .......................................... Fine Arts .................................................................................................................... History ........................................................................................................................ International Relations ............................................................................................ Mathematics ................................................................................................................ Modern Languages and Literatures ....................................................................... Music .......................................................................................................... Philosophy and Religion .......................................... Physical Education for M e n .................................................................................... Physical Education for W omen ........................................................................... Physics ........................................................................................................................ Political Science......................................................................................................... Psychology and E du catio n ........................................................................................ Russian Studies ......................................................................................................... Reference Section ......................................................................................................... Visiting Examiners ................................................................................................... Degrees C onferred..................................................................................................... Awards and D istinctions.......................................................................................... Enrollment Statistics ................................................................................................. Selected Publications About Swarthmore C o lle g e............................................... Index .......................................................................................................................... P lan of College G r o u n d s .......................................................................................... 3 PAGE 4 7 8 11 12 18 19 20 23 28 31 33 42 46 49 53 55 57 58 60 61 64 64 66 67 69 70 72 77 81 84 87 99 104 107 112 113 116 124 127 132 133 135 137 142 148 149 150 151 155 156 157 158 162 1956 s 7 14 21 28 O CTO BER M T W T F S 1 2 4 3 5 6 8 9 IO 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 2 0 22 23 2 4 25 26 27 29 30 31 8 4 11 18 25 NOVEM BER T W T F 8 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 2 4 26 27 28 29 30 M S 2 9 16 23 30 M DECEMBER T W T F 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 24 2 5 26 2 7 28 31 8 1 8 15 22 29 1957 8 M 6 7 13 14 20 21 2 7 28 8 7 14 21 28 8 7 14 21 28 S M JANU ARY T W T F S . 1 2 4 3 5 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 2 2 23 24 25 26 29 3 0 31 A P R IL T W T F 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 IO 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 2 23 2 4 25 26 2 7 29 30 JU LY T W T F 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 2 4 25 26 2 7 29 3 0 31 M M 6 7 13 14 20 21 2 7 28 O C TO BER T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 2 4 25 26 29 30 31 S 3 10 17 24 8 FEBRUARY M T W T F 8 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 2 2 23 25 26 2 7 28 M T 5 6 7 12 13 14 19 20 21 26 27 28 S M M AY W T 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 AUGUST T W T 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 2 7 28 S M F 8 3 4 10 11 17 18 2 4 25 31 F 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 8 3 10 17 24 31 NOVEM BER T W T F 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 S 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 3 0 8 M MARCH T W T 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 2 4 2 5 26 2 7 28 31 8 M T JU NE W T F 8 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 F 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 2 4 25 26 2 7 28 30 S 1 8 15 22 29 SE PTE M BER M T W T F 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 7 28 29 3 0 8 S M 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 DECEM BER T W T F 8 3 4 5 6 7 10 1 1 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 2 4 25 26 2 7 28 31 1958 S M 5 6 12 13 19 20 26 27 M 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 JANU ARY T W T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 3 0 F 8 3 4 10 11 17 18 24 25 31 A P R IL T W T F 8 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 2 4 25 26 29 30 8 M FEBRUARY T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2 2 23 2 4 25 26 2 7 28 8 M T MAY W T 1 4 5 6 7 8 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 11 4 F 2 9 16 23 30 8 3 10 17 24 31 8 2 9 16 23 30 8 1 8 15 22 29 M MARCH T W T F 8 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 IO 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 2 0 21 22 2 4 25 26 2 7 28 29 31 JU NE M T W T F 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 IO 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 2 4 2 5 26 2 7 28 30 College Calendar 1956 Fall Semester September 20-22 .......................Freshman placement days September 24 ........................... Registration, 1: 30 p. m. September 25 ...........................Classes and honors seminars begin October 2 .................................Meeting of the Board of Managers November 6 .............................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers November 17 ...........................Mid-semester reports November 22-25 .......................Thanksgiving recess December 4 ...............................Annual Meeting of the Board of Managers December 19 . ........................... Christmas recess begins, 5: 00 p. m. 1957 January 3 ................................. Christmas recess ends, 8 : 00 a. m. January 18 ............................... Registration for spring semester, 1 : 30 p. m. January 19 ...............................Classes and seminars end January 21-22 ...........................Review period for course students January 23 ...............................Honors seminars begin for spring semester January 23 ...............................Mid-year examinations begin February 2 ...............................Mid-year examinations end Spring Semester February 5 ...............................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers February 6 ...............................Classes begin March 5 ...................................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers March 23 .................................Mid-semester reports March 23 .................................Spring recess begins, 12 : 00 noon April 1 .................................,fj Spring recess ends, 8 : 00 a. m. April 2 .....................................Meeting of the Board of Managers May 7 .......................................Honors seminars end May 7 .......................................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers May 17 .....................................Written honors examinations begin May 18 .....................................Classes end for seniors May 23 .....................................Classes end May 23-25 .................................Senior comprehensive examinations May 24 .....................................Enrollment in classes for fall semester, 1: 30 p. m. May 24-25 .................................Review period for course students May 27 .....................................Written honors examinations end May 27 .....................................Final examinations begin May 30-June 1 .......................Oral honors examinations June 5 .......................................Final examinations end June 7 ........................ .............. Meeting of the Board of Managers June 8 .......................................Alumni Day June 9 .......................................Baccalaureate Day June 1 0 ..................................... Commencement Day 5 College Calendar (Tentative) 1957 Fall Semester September 19-21 .....................Freshman placement days September 23 ...........................Registration, 1:30 p. m. September 24 ...........................Classes and honors seminars begin October 2 .................................Meeting of the Board of Managers November 5 .............................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers November 16 ...........................Mid-semester reports November 28-30 .......................Thanksgiving recess December 3 ............................... Annual Meeting of the Board of Managers December 2 1 .............................Christmas recess begins, 12: 00 noon 1958 January January January January January January January 6 ................................. Christmas recess ends, 8 : 00 a. m. 17 ...............................Classes and seminars end 1 8 .................................Registration for spring semester, 9: 00 a.m. 20, 21 .........................Review period for course students 2 0 .................................Honors seminars begin for spring semester 2 2 .................................Mid-year examinations begin 31 ...............................Mid-year examinations end Spring Semester February 4 .................................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers February 5 ...............................Classes begin March 4 ...................................Executive Committee of the Board of Managers March 22 .................................Mid-semester reports March 22 ............................... Spring recess begins, 12 : 00 noon March 3 1 ................................... Spring recess ends, 8: 00 a. m. April 2 ....................................... Meeting of the Board of Managers May 3 .......................................Honors seminars end May 6 ............................... 1 . . . Executive Committee of the Board of Managers May 15 .....................................Written honors examinations begin May 17 ..................................... Classes end for seniors May 22 ................................... Classes end May 22-24 .................................Senior comprehensive examinations May 23 .....................................Enrollment in classes for fall semester, 1 : 30 p. May 23, 24 ...............................Review period for course students May 26 ..................................... Written honors examinations end May 26 ..................................... Final examinations begin May 29-31 ............................... Oral honors examinations June 4 ....................................... Final examinations end June 6 ....................................... Meeting of the Board of Managers June 7 .......................................Alumni Day June 8 .......................................Baccalaureate Day June 9 ..................................... Commencement Day 6 The Corporation C laude C. Sm ith , President 1617 Land Title Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. P h ilip T. Sharples , Vice-President Twenty-Third and Westmoreland Sts., Philadelphia 40, Pa. E leanor Stabler Clarke, Secretary Crumwald Farm, Wallingford, Pa. J oseph B. Shane , Assistant Secretary Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. E. Lawrence W orstall, Treasurer 1416 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 6, Pa. Edward K. Cratsley, Assistant Treasurer Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. Board of Managers Ex officio Courtney Sm ith , Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. Emeriti R u t h P otter A shton , 409 Elm Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. E lsie P almer Brow n , 1622 Twenty-ninth Street, N . W., Washington 7 D C Isaac H. C lothier , J r ., 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 5, Pa. M ary Lippincott G riscom , 314 East Central Avenue, Moorestown, N . J. Edith W ilson J ackson, 317 North Chester Road, Swarthmore, Pa. Robert E. Lamb, 3429 West Indiana Avenue, Philadelphia 32, Pa. Lydia Foulke T aylor, 23 Summit Avenue, Larchmont, N . Y. Barclay W hite , 22 North Thirty-sixth Street, Philadelphia 4, Pa. lif e Members Frank A ydelottb, 88 Battle Road, Princeton, N. J. E leanor Stabler Clarke, Crumwald Farm, Wallingford, Pa. H adassah M. L. P arrot, 1025 Westview Street, Philadelphia 19, Pa. C laude C. Sm ith , 1617 Land Title Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. H elen G awthrop W orth , 805 Augusta Road, Westover Hills, Wilmington 6, Del. Term Expires December, 1956 T. Stockton M atthews , Garrett Building, Baltimore, Md. P h ilip T. Sharples , Twenty-third and Westmoreland Streets, Philadelphia 40 Pa C. N orman Stabler, 230 West Forty-first St., New York, N. Y. H oward S. T urner , 103 Lebanon Hills Drive, Pittsburgh 28, Pa. ♦V irginia Brown G reer , Farnum Road, Media, Pa. ♦N orman H. W inde , Ridley Creek Road, R.D. 2, Media, Pa. * Nominated by the Alumni Association. 8 Term Expires December, 1957 Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett , 1922 Mount Royal Terrace, Baltimore 17, Md, N icholas K elley , 70 Broadway, New York 4, N. Y. P hebe U nderhill Seaman , Jericho, N. Y. E. Lawrbncb W orstall, 33 Dudley Avenue, Lansdowne, Pa. ♦A n n e P hilips Blake , 215 North Rd., Lindamere, Wilmington 3, Del. ♦C harles P. Larkin , J r ., 410 Welsh Street, Chester, Pa. Term Expires December, 1958 Isabel J enkins Booth , Jefferson House, The Strand, New Castle, Del. Richard C. Bond , 1300 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. T heodore W iding , 2044 Philadelphia National Bank Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. Alfred H. W illiams , Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 925 Chestnut St., Phil­ adelphia 1 , Pa. ♦Catharine W. D onnelly , 1202 Windy Gate Road, Baltimore 4, Md. ♦W illiam F. Lee, 5 Guernsey Road, Swarthmore, Pa. Term Expires December, 1959 Boyd T. Barnard, 914 Philadelphia National Bank Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. G eorge B. C lothier , 1418 Packard Building, Philadelphia 2, Pa. H ilda Lang D enworth , 301 Elm Ave., Swarthmore, Pa. T homas B. M cCabe, Front and Market Streets, Chester, Pa. An n e Engle T aylor, 8240 Fairview Road, Philadelphia 17, Pa. W illiam H. W ard, 630 Strath Haven Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. J oseph H. W illits , North Greenwich Road, Armonk, New York ♦C lem ent M. Biddle, J r ., 230 Oakridge Avenue, Summit, New Jersey ♦Elizabeth Carver Preston , 60 Dogwood Lane, Swarthmore, Pa. C o m m it t e e s o f the B oard The President is ex-Officio a member of Every Committee Executive P h ilip T. Sharples Claude C. Smith H oward S. T urner T heodore W iding N orman H . W inde E. Lawrence W orstall H elen G awthrop W orth Boyd T. Barnard Frank A yde lotte I sabel J enkins Booth Eleanor Stabler C larke H ilda Lang D enworth T homas B. M c Cabe H adassah M. L. Parrot Finance T homas B. M c Cabe P hilip T. Sharples T heodore W iding E. Lawrence W orstall G eorge B. Clothier N icholas K ellby Instruction and Libraries H adassah M. L. P arrot P hebe U nderhill Seaman H oward S. T urner T heodore W iding J oseph H . W illits H elen G awthrop W orth Frank Ayde lotte Anne P hilips Blake H ilda Lang D enworth Catharine W . D onnelly ♦ Nominated by the Alumni Association. 9 Property N orman H. W inde Boyd T. Barnard Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett Isabel J enkins Booth V irginia Brow n G reer Charles P. Larkin , J r . W illiam F. Lee A n n e Engle T aylor Trusts T homas B. M cCabe Boyd T. Barnard Richard C. B ond T. Stockton M atthews P h ilip T. Sharples C. N orman Stabler W illiam H. W ard A lfred H . W illiams E. Lawrence W orstall Student Affairs Committee H adassah M. L. Parrot E lizabeth Carver P reston H oward S. T urner N orman H . W inde H elen G awthrop W orth H ilda Lang D enworth C lem ent M. Biddle, J r . I sabel J enkins Booth E leanor Stabler C larke W illiam F. Lee Nominating H oward S. T urner Frank Aydelotte Boyd T. Barnard I sabel J enkins Booth E leanor Stabler Clarke H ilda Lang D enworth Development P h ilip T. Sharples Boyd T. Barnard Richard C. Bond Eleanor Stabler C larke G eorge B. C lothier T homas B. M cCabe H adassah M. L. P arrot H oward S. T urner W illiam H. W ard J oseph H . W illits 10 Alumni Association Officers 1955-1957 President, J o h n H. Lippincott , J r . ’27, Chalfonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N. J. Vice-President for Men, W illiam B. P late ’26, 7 Crest Acre Court, Summit, N. J. Vice-President for Women, E llen F ernon Reisner ’31, 102 W . Mermaid Lane, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia 18, Pa. Secretary, J anet M cCombs Baldwin '45, Old Yellow Springs Road, R. D. 1, Mal­ vern, Pa. Alumni Council Zone I T erm Expires J une 1957 Robert G. H ayden ’47, Baltimore Pike, Swarthmore, Pa. A lbert W. P reston , J r . ’23, 56 Park Ave., Crafton, Pittsburgh 5, Pa. W illiam D. T aylor ’36, "Mytholme” Box 542, Coatesville, Pa. 1958 F. Preston B uckman , J r . ’41, 1453 Tallyho Road, Meadowbrook, Pa. J. Earle Edwards, J r. ’36, 137 Rutgers Ave., Swarthmore, Pa. 1959 Carl C. Colket '38, 45 Rosemont Ave., Rosemont, Pa. D onald C. T urner '31, Turner Construction Co., 1500 Walnut St., Philadel­ phia, Pa. 1957 An n a Bancroft Coles ’23, 125 E. Oak Ave., Moorestown, N. J. E lizabeth Seaman D awes ’34, 20 Benjamin West Ave., Swarthmore, Pa. M ary W ilson Ridpath ’19, Presidential Apts., City Line, Philadelphia 31, Pa1958 M argaret W alker Lippincott ’45, Rose Valley Road, Moylan, Pa. E lizabeth M cCabe T hiem e ’27, 78 Rose Valley Road, Wallingford, Pa. 1959 O live D ean Baker ’28, Longfield, Ridley Park, Pa. Ruth C leaver Carter ’30, 329 Owen Ave., Lansdowne, Pa. Zone 11 1957 J o h n L. D ugan , J r . ’43, 58 Whitney Rd., Short Hills, N. J. 1958 W ilbur M. M cF eely ’29, 117 Graham Street, Highland Park, N. J. 1959 Carroll G. Bow en ’48, Oxford University Press, 114 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. 1957 Elizabeth Bartleson Booth ’26, 38 Canterbury Lane, Westfield, N. J. 1958 G ertrude P axson Seibert ’29, 105 Brookside Rd., Darien, Conn. 1959 H arriet P. G allagher '51, 840 Floral Ave., Elizabeth 3, N. J. Zone 111 1958 1959 1958 1959 W alter T. Skallerup , J r . ’42, 1701 K Street, N.W., Washington 6, D. C. Richard H. M ayfield ’43, 5317 Wriley Road, Westhaven, Washington 16, D. C. Lisbeth Crowell Lieberman ’45, 104 Kelvin Lane, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Sally M acLellan Councill ’46, 510 Seneca Rd., Richmond, Va. Zone IV 1958 1959 1958 1959 Spencer R. K eare ’25, 1270 Linden Avenue, Highland Park, 111. C. A lfred Z in n ’25, 752 Convers Ave., Zanesville, Ohio Barbara M oore G ary ’48, 7708 Juniper Ave., Gary 5, Indiana Suzanne Bradley B ush ’47, 300 Woodland Ave., Winnetka, 111. 1957 1957 Edward A. J akle ’40, 11634 Winding Way, Los Altos, Calif. W inifred Cammack Bond ’43, 1230 Wabash St., Pasadena 3, Calif. Zone V 11 The Faculty Courtney Sm ith , President....................................................................324 Cedar Lane B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University. Edward K. Cratsley, Vice-President (Finance), Controller, and Professor of Eco­ nomics ................................................................................925 Strath Haven Avenue B.A., College of Wooster; M.B.A. and D.C.S., Harvard University. J oseph B. Sha ne , Vice-President (Public Relations and Alumni Affairs) and Pro­ fessor of Education......................................................................Cunningham House B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. Susan P. Cobbs, Dean and Professor of Classics.....................................West House B.A., Randolph-Macon Woman’s College; M.A., New York University; Ph.D., University of Chicago. W illiam C. H. Prentice , Dean and Professor of Psychology . . . . 1 Whittier Place B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. J o h n M. M oore , Associate Dean, Registrar and Professor of Philosophy, 2 Whittier Place B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard Uni­ versity; Ph.D., Columbia University. G ilmore Stott , Associate Dean and Lecturer in Philosophy, 318 Dartmouth Avenue B.A. and M.A., University of Cincinnati; B.A. and M.A., Oxford University; M.A. and Ph.D., Princeton University. D eborah W ing , Associate Dean ................................................. Swarthmore College B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Radcliffe College. ♦Robert D. Cross, Director of Admissions and Assistant Professor of History .................................................................................................... 915 Harvard Avenue B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. ♦♦C harles G. T hatcher , Business M anager...................................613 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.E., Cornell University; M.M.E., Johns Hopkins University. E m e r it i Lydia Baer, Associate Professor Emeritus of German 122-A, East Second St., Media, Pa. B.A., Oberlin College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. A lfred M ansfield Brooks, Professor Emeritus of Fine Arts . . . .Gloucester, Mass. B.A. and M.A., Harvard University; M.A., Indiana University. H enry J ermain M aude Creighton , Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, High-Solas, Glen Margaret, Nova Scotia, Canada B.A., M.A. and LL.D., Dalhousie University; M.Sc., University of Birmingham; D.Sc., Das eidgenössische Polytechnikum, Zürich. P hilip M arshall H icks, Professor Emeritus of English Literature . .Avondale, Pa. B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. W olfgang K öhler , Research Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Psychology (on special research grant) ............................................................603 Elm Avenue Dr. Phil., University of Berlin; D.Sc., University of Pennsylvania, University of Chicago, Kenyon College. H enrietta J osephine M eeteer , Professor Emeritus o f Greek and Latin, 805 Station Ave., Haddon Heights, N. J. B.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. Samuel Copeland P almer , Professor Emeritus of Botany, 403 N. Chester Road B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. P ro fesso rs M ary A lbertson , Professor of H isto ry............................................. 405 Walnut Lane B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College. * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. * * Retiring November 1, 1956. 12 Solomon E. A sch , Professor of Psychology........................... • • • • •,•513 Elm Avenue B.S., College of the City of New York: M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. JG eorge J. Becker, Professor of E nglish ........................................... 401 Walnut Lane B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., University of Washington. Richard B. Brandt, Professor of Philosophy --------. . . . .. i t -------521 Elm Avenue B.A., Denison University; B.A., Umversity of Cambridge; Ph.D., Yale Um- H einrich Brinkm ann , Professor of Mathematics ...................... ;403 Walnut Lane B.A., Stanford University; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Samuel T. Carpenter , Isaiah V. Williamson Professor of Civil ^and mgt& udjm .612 Ogden Avenue Engineering B.C.E., C.E., and M.S., Ohio State University. w . W illiam J. Cope , Professor of Mechanical Engineering . . . . . . 1121 Muhlenberg Ave. B.S. in M.E., University of Utah; M.E., Stanford Umversity; Sc.D., in M.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. '¡ M t£ J ’ Î __ Edward H. Cox, Edmund Allen Professor of Chemistry................ .416 Park Avenue B.S., Earlham College; M.A., Harvard University; Docteur es Science, L Uni­ versité de Geneve; Docteur honoris causa, L’Université de Montpellier. W. C. Elmore , Professor of P hysics.......................Baltimore Pike, R. D. 3, Media B.S., Lehigh University; Ph.D., Yale University. Robert K. Enders, Isaac H. Clothier, Jr., Professor of B iology-----311 Elm Avenue B.A. and Ph.D., University of Michigan. . +Everett L. H u n t , Professor of English and Dean E m eritus.............. 604 him Avenue B.A., Huron College; M.A., University of Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College. H oward M alcolm J enkins, Henry C. and J. Archer Turner Professor of Engineerj ....................................................................506 North Chester Road B.A. and É.E., Swarthmore College. , . W alter B. K eighton , J r ., Professor of Chemistry............................. 311 Cedar Lane B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Princeton Umversity. . .. H arold M. March, Professor of F rench...............................317 North Chester Road B.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Yale University. J ohn D. M c Crumm , Professor of Electrical Engineering, J Palmer Mill Road, R.D. 1, Media B.S. and M.S., Umversity of Colorado. . . J. Roland P ennock , Professor of Political Science.................•• • •? W hittier .Place B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Edith Philips, Susan W . Lippincott Professor of F rench................ 517 Elm Avenue B.A., Goucher College; Docteur de l’Université de Pans. /\ Frank C. Pierson , Professor of Economies................ ..................740 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Columbia University. v ¡¡Wv) Charles B. Shaw, Librarian............................................................606 Ogden Avenue B.A., M.A. and L.H.D., Clark University. , J „ , L. R. Shero , Professor ôf G re e k ............................................. 651 Nortii Chester Road B.A., Haverford College; B.A., Oxford University; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. . . , TT , , _ „ . ♦Alfred J. Swan, Professor of Music (on joint appointment with Haverford College) J 773 College Avenue, Haverford B.A. and M.A., Oxford University. , n > Frederick B. T ollés, Howard M. Jenkins Professor of Quaker History and Research, and Director of the Friends Historical L ibrary.........................606 Elm Avenue B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University. P eter van de K amp , Professor of Astronomy and Director of Sprout Observatory,. 602 Elm Avenue Cand. and' Docts., University of Utrecht; Ph.D., University of California; D. Phil., University of Groningen. . . Robert M. W alker , Professor of Fine A r t s ....................... . . . . . . . .212 Elm Ave. B.A. and M.F.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Harvard University. *H ans W allach, Professor of Psychology............................................... 4 Crum Ledge Dr. Phil., University of Berlin. t Absent on leave, 1956-57. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. 13 $ Clair W ilcox , Joseph Wharton Professor of Political Economy, 510 Ogden Avenue B.S., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Ohio State University; Ph.D., Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania. E lizabeth Cox W right, Professor of E nglish ...........................Rose Valley, Moylan B.A., Wellesley College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s D ennison Bancroft , Associate Professor of P hysics.................733 Harvard Avenue B.A., Amherst College; Ph.D., Harvard University. M onroe C. Beardsley, Associate Professor of Philosophy........ 133 Rutgers Avenue BA. and Ph.D., Yale University. tPAUL H. Beik , Associate Professor of H isto ry..................................... 4 Whittier Place B.A., Union College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. P h ilip W . Carruth , Associate Professor of M athematics.................515 Elm Avenue B.A., Hamilton College; M.A., Syracuse University; Ph.D., University of Illinois. H ilde D. Co h n , Associate Professor of G erm an............................... 515 Elm Avenue Dr. Phil., University of Heidelberg. J oseph W . Conard, Associate Professor of Economics.....................132 Park Avenue B.A. Grinnell College; M.A., University of California. Bruce D earing, Associate Professor of E n g lish ............................... 614 Yale Avenue B.A., Allegheny College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Iowa; M.A., Swarthmore College. Robert H. D u n n , Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men, 811 Westdale Avenue B.S., Temple University. Lewis H. E lverson, Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men, 6 Whittier Place B.S., University of Pennsylvania. E. J. Faulkner , Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men, 235 Dickinson Avenue J ames A. Field, J r ., Associate Professor of H isto ry...................612 Hillborn Avenue B.S., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. Launce J. F lemister, J r ., Associate Professor of Zoology, Rogers Lane and Plush Mill Road, Wallingford B.A., M.A. and Ph.D., Duke University. D uncan G raham Foster, Associate Professor of Chem istry...............15 Crest Lane B.A. and M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University. M ilan W. G arrett, Associate Professor of Physics . . . . 336 North Princeton Avenue B.A. and M.A., Stanford University; B.A. and D. Phil., University of Oxford. G ilbert P. H aight , J r ., Associate Professor of Chemistry.......... 409 College Avenue B.A., Stanford University; PhD., Princeton University. *E ckhard H ess, Visiting Associate Professor of Psychology........ Swarthmore College B.A., Blue Ridge College; M.A., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University. W illiam H ordern, Associate Professor of R eligion.................. 317 N. Chester Road B.A., University of Saskatchewan; B.D., St. Andrews; S.T.M. and Th.D., Union Theological Seminary. Fredric S. K lees, Associate Professor of E n g lish ...........................525 Elm Avenue B.A., Bowdoin College. Laurence D. Lafore , Associate Professor of H isto ry...................506 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Ph.D., Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. L uzern G. Livingston , Associate Professor of Botany, 422 Highland Avenue, Morton B.S., Lawrence College; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. F ranz H. M autner , Associate Professor of G erm an.......................519 Walnut Lane Ph.D. with distinction, Univ. of Vienna. $ Absent on leave, 1956-57. f Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. * Spring semester, 1956-57. 14 N orman A. M eink oth , Associate Professor of Zoology, . c 431 West Woodland Avenue, Springfield B. of Ed., Southern Illinois Teachers College; M.S. and Ph.D., University of Bernard°Morrill, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering . . .21 Oberlin Ave. B.S. in M.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M.M.E., University ot H elen F. N orth , Associate Professor of Classics...............120 South Chester Road B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Cornell University. V irginia Rath , Associate Professor of Physical Education for Women, 735 Yale Avenue B.A., Hollins College; M.A., Columbia University. 5 H edley Rhys, Associate Professor of Fine Arts . . 146 South Rolling Road, Springfaeld B.A., West Virginia University; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University. ... + Tames D. Sorber, Associate Professor of Spanish and Supervisor of Musical Activities, 404 Walnut Lane B.A., Lehigh University; M.A., University of Nebraska. M urray S. Stedman , J r ., Associate Professor of Political Science . .333 Vassar Ave. B.A., Williams College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. W illis T. Stetson , Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men and Director of A thletics................................................. 144 North Highland Road, Springfield B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. W illis D. W eatherford , Associate Professor of Economics . . . . .510 Ogden Ave. B.A., Vanderbilt University; B.D., Yale University; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. N eal A. W eber, Associate Professor of Z oology..................................... . w est House B.A. and M.S., University of North Dakota; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard Urnversity. # Stephen E. W hicher , Associate Professor of E n g lish .....................5 Whittier Place B.A. Amherst College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., Harvard University. A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r s Elisa Asensio , Assistant Professor of Spanish, Oakley Road and Railroad Avenue, Havertord M.A., Middlebury College. . C arl Barus, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering . . . ----- 8 W hittier Place B.A., Brown University; M.S. in E.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ÎK urt K .' Bohnsack , Assistant Professor of B io lo g y.................. .. -318 Yale Ave. B.S., Ohio University; M.S. and Ph.D., University of Michigan. W illiam H. Brow n , J r ., Assistant Professor of Economics, Crum Creek Road, Media B.A. and Ph.D., Yale University. , ... , D avid Cowden , Assistant Professor of E n g lish ...................302 North Chester Road B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Edward A. Fe h n el , Assistant Professor of Chem istry ......................600 Elm Avenue B.S., M.S. and Ph.D., Lehigh University. „ , Charles E. G ilbert , Assistant Professor of Political Science . . . .Swarthmore College B.A., Haverford College. , , ^A rthur G ladstone, Assistant Professor of Psychology............ 915 Harvard Avenue B.S., Queens College; M.S. and Ph.D., Yale University. H enry G leitman , Assistant Professor of Psychology........ 302 N orth Chester Road B.S., College of the City of New York; Ph.D., University of California. Frédéric J. G rover, Assistant Professor of F rench.......... ...8 Crum Ledge L. és L., University of Paris; Ph.D., University of California. Samuel L. H ynes , Assistant Professor of E n g lish .............. ............. • 3 Crum Ledge B.A., University of Minnesota; M.A., and Ph.D., Columbia University. Roy F. Linsenmeyer, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, 99 Dartmouth Avenue B.S., in C.E., University of Pittsburgh; M.S.E., University of Michigan. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. X Absent on leave, 1956-57. 15 P eter M adison, Assistant Professor of Psychology.......................8B Whittier Place B.S., University of Oregon; M.A., Ph.D., Harvard University, fC harles B. M cLane , Assistant Professor of Political Science .Creek Road, Glen Mills B.A., Dartmouth College; Certificate of the Russian Institute, Columbia Univer­ sity. I rene M oll , Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Women, The Damsite, Wallingford B.S. in Ed., University of Kansas; M.A., Texas State College for Women. Edgar Kirton M uhlhausen , Visiting Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering ...................................................................................................... Swarthmore College B.S., M.S., Lehigh University. Edgar R. M ullins , J r ., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, 406 Haverford Place B.A., Grinnell College; M.A., Ph.D., University of Illinois. tCHARLES W. N ew lin , Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, 204 Sunnybrook Road, Springfield B.C.E., Rose Polytechnic Institute; M.S., Harvard University. A llen Parducci, Assistant Professor of Psychology ........................... 1 Crum Ledge B.A., University of Michigan; Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley. M ay E. P arry, Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Women, 317 North Chester Road B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S., Temple University. P h il ip C. P rager, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 132 North Highland Road, Springfield B.S. in M.E., University of Pittsburgh; M.M.E., University of Delaware. P eter Ribsenberg, Assistant Professor of H isto ry ........ ............... ,519 Walnut Lane B.A., Rutgers University, M.A., University of Wisconsin; Ph.D., Columbia Uni­ versity. D avid Rosen , Assistant Professor of M athematics........ 115 President Ave., Rutledge B.A., New York University; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. J ustus R osenberg, Assistant Professor of German and Russian .. Swarthmore College Licence 6s Lettres, University of Paris; Ph.D., University of Cincinnati. P eter G ram Sw ing , Assistant Professor of Music and Director of the Chorus, 7 Crum Ledge B.A., M.A., Harvard University. J eanne T heis , Assistant Professor of F rench................................... 915 Harvard Ave. B.A., Swarthmore College. M erton J oseph W illis , Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering............................... .................. . . . . .................................. Copples and Calendar Lanes, Wallingford B.C.E., University of Washington; M.S., Cornell University. In str u c to r s Richard J. Benoit , Instructor in B iology....................................... Swarthmore College B.S., Yale University. W illiam C. D enison , Instructor in B o ta n y............................... 317 N. Chester Road A. B., and A.M., Oberlin College. T oshiyuki F ukushima , Instructor in Mechanical Engineering........ 519 Walnut Lane B. S., Swarthmore College R onald W. J ones , Instructor in Economics.......................401 N. Swarthmore Ave. B.A., Swarthmore College, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. G arwood Rodgers, Instructor in Electrical Engineering.......... 805 Harvard Avenue B.S., Texas Technological College; M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. J eromb A. Shafer , Instructor in Philosophy.......... Mt. Alverno Rd., Media, R. D. 2 B.A., Cornell University; Ph.D., Princeton University. D aniel W illard, Instructor in P hysics.......................................835 Harvard Avenue B.S., M.S., Yale University; Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Arne A. W yller , Instructor and Research Associate in Astronomy . . 2 Crum Ledge Cand. Mag., Oslo University; Ph.D., Harvard University. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. + Absent on leave, 1956-57. 16 Lecturers and A ssistants Avery B lake, Assistant in Physical Education for M e n ............... 49 Amherst Avenue A lice Brodhead, Lecturer in Psychology and Education ............... 316 Ogden Avenue B.S., and M.A., University of Pennsylvania. John F. Coddington, Lecturer in H isto ry .....................................302 N . Chester Road B.A., M.A., Harvard University. JP aul Creston , Lecturer in M u sic ................................ 1 Primrose Ave., Yonkers, N . Y. G omer H. D avies, Assistant in Physical Education for Men . . . . Swarthmore College B.S., East Stroudsburg State Teachers College; Ed.M., Temple University. J o h n B. H. D onaldson , Assistant in Physical Education for M e n ........................... ................................................................................. Brookside Road, W allingford, Pa. B.A., LL.B., University of Pennsylvania. Barbara E lmore , Director of Arts and C rafts ...........Baltimore Pike, R.D. 3, Media Sarah F lemister, Lecturer in Biology, Rogers Lane and Plush M ill Road, W allingford B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Duke University. Laurence W . Fredrick, Assistant in A stronom y ............................ 805 Harvard Ave. B.A., M.A., Swarthmore College. Kay Frey, Assistant in Physical Education for W o m e n ............... Pitman, N ew Jersey B.S., Temple University. H elen H all, Consultant in Reading and Language ................... 607 Hillborn Avenue B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. D avid F. H awke , Lecturer in E nglish ............................................. 410 Harvard Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Wisconsin. H elen M anning H unter , Lecturer in Economics .........5 College Circle, Haverford Ph.D., Radcliffe College. P hilip E. J acob, Lecturer in Political Science ............................ 14 S. Swarthmore Ave. B.A., Yale University; M.A., University of Pennsylvania; Ph.D., Princeton Uni­ versity. O lga Lang, Lecturer in R ussian ................................ Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr Graduate, University of Moscow. Barbara P earson Lange , Director of Dramatics and Lecturer in English, 319 Cedar Lane Sarah Lee Lippincott , Research Associate in Astronom y ...........120 S. Chester Road B.A., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Swarthmore College. J ames J. M cAdoo, Assistant in Phys. Ed. for Men . 513 E. Bringhurst St., Germantown Richard M adison, Assistant in Phys. Ed. for Men . . . Cameron Drive, Sproul Estates B.A., Franklin and Marshall College. J ames H. M iller , Assistant in Phys. Ed. for Men . . 834 Seventh Avenue, Prospect Park J. Earl N ess, J r ., College O rganist .............................. 2034 Pine Street, Philadelphia Mus.B., Curtis Institute of Music; A.A.G.O. W illiam Reesb, Lecturer in Music and Director of the Orchestra, Haverford College, Haverford B.A., Amherst College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., University of Berlin. Raymond V ernon , Lecturer in Economics ................................................................. ..................................................... 58 W hittingham Terrace, Millburn, New Jersey B.A., College of the City of New York; Ph.D., Columbia University. A lice P utnam W illetts , Assistant in Phys. Ed. for W o m e n ............ 501 Yale Ave. B.S., Temple University. Ingerid W yller, Assistant in Pine A r t s ................................................. 2 Crum Ledge B.A., Pembroke College; M.A., Radcliffe College. fF a ll semester, 1956-57. 17 D ivisions and D epartments Division of the H umanities— H elen F. N orth , Chairman I. Classics, L. R. Shero , Chairman. English Literature, G eorge J. B ecker, Chairman. (Fredric S. Klees, Acting Chairman, 1956-57.) Fine Arts, R obert M. W alker , Chairman. History, M ary A lbertson, Chairman. Modern Languages, Edith P hilips , Chairman. Music, A lfred J. Sw an , Chairman. (Peter Gram Swing, Acting Chairman for the first semester.) Philosophy and Religion, Richard B. Brandt, Chairman. Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman. II. Division of the Social Sciences—Richard B. Brandt, Chairman Economics, C lair W ilcox, Chairman. (Frank C. Pierson, Acting Chairman, 1956-57.) History, M ary A lbertson , Chairman. Philosophy and Religion, Richard B. Brandt, Chairman. Political Science, J. Roland P ennock , Chairman. Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman. III. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences— N orman A. M einkoth , Chairman. Astronomy, P eter van de K amp , Chairman. Biology, Robert K. Enders, Chairman. Chemistry, Edward H . Cox , Chairman. Electrical Engineering, H oward M. J enkins , Chairman. Mathematics, H einrich Brinkm ann , Chairman. Physics, W illiam C. E lmore , Chairman. Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Acting Chairman IV. Division of Engineering—J oh n D. M c Crumm , Chairman. Civil Engineering, Samuel T. Carpenter , Chairman. Electrical Engineering, H oward M. J enkins , Chairman. Mechanical Engineering, W illiam J. Cope , Chairman. Chemistry, Edward H. Cox , Chairman. Mathematics, H einrich Brinkm ann , Chairman. Physics, W illiam C. E lmore , Chairman. 18 St a n d in g Co m m it t e e s of the Faculty 1956-57 Moore, Chairman. Carruth, Cobbs, Cross, Madison, Morrill, Philips, Prentice. academic requirements : ( m e n ) : Prentice, Chairman. Cobbs, Cross, McCrumm, Meinkoth, Moore, Shane, Stetson, Stott, Weatherford admissions and scholarships ( w o m en ) : Cobbs, Chairman. Cross, Field, L. Flemister, Hynes, Prentice, Wing. admissions and scholarships Stetson, Chairman. Brown, Carpenter, Cox, Cratsley, Faulkner, Mullins, Prentice, Rath, Shane. athletics : Walker, Chairman. Conard, Gilbert, Livingston, Orbison, Stott, Theis, Wing. awards and prizes : Shane, Chairman. Conard, Dearing, Gleitman, Haight, Lange, Orbison, Stedman, Swing. collection : Klees, Chairman. Gilbert, Hynes, Mautner, Prager, Rhys, Rosen, Shane, Swing. cooper foundation : Brinkmann, Chairman. Albertson, Beardsley, Brown, Cobbs, Fehnel, Hynes, Moore, Morrill, Prentice. curriculum : Keighton, Chairman. Enders, Lafore, Shaffer, Shero, Walker, Weber, Willis. swarthmore fellow ships : Jenkins, Chairman. Haight, Mullins, Orbison, Stott, Weatherford, Wing. fellowships from other institutions : Smith, Chairman. Brandt, Cobbs, Cox, Jenkins, McCrumm, Meinkoth, Moore, North, Pennock, Philips, Prentice. instruction : Cowden, Chairman. Fehnel, Grover, Hordern, Linsenmeyer, Mautner, Shaw, Stedman, Tolies, Wright. library: Tolies, Chairman. Asch, Bancroft, Carpenter, Elmore, Wright. master of arts : Meinkoth, Chairman. Bowie, Denison, Keighton, Madison, Riesenberg, Stott. pre -medical program : Brandt, Chairman. Barus, Cratsley, Enders, March, Pennock, van de Kamp. research: Moore, Chairman. Barus, Beardsley, Carruth, Cowden, Foster, Riesenberg. schedule of classes: Prentice, Chairman. Cobbs, Cross, Dearing, Haight, Hordern, McCrumm, Stott, Wing. student affairs : Garrett, Chairman. Cohn, Cope, Weber, Wyller. travel allowance : SECRETARY TO THE FACULTY: Jenkins. 19 Administrative Officers and Assistants P r e s i d e n t ’s O f f ic e President, Courtney Sm ith , B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. Assistant to the President, P rosser G ifford , B.A., Yale University; B.A., Oxford University; LL.B., Harvard University. Secretary, Barbara L ukens , B.A., Middlebury College. V i c e -P r e s id e n t s ’ O f f i c e Vice-President— (Finance) and Controller, Edward K. Cratsley. B.A., College of Wooster; M.B.A. and D.C.S., Harvard University. Vice-President—Public Relations and Alumni Affairs, J oseph B. Sha n e . B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. Secretaries, D oris M usgrave, M ildred A. Scott . D ea n s’ O f f ic e s Deans: Susan P. Cobbs, B.A., Randolph-Macon Woman’s College; M.A,. New York University; Ph.D., University of Chicago. W illiam C. H. P rentice , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Associate Deans: J o h n M. M oore, B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Columbia University. G ilmore Stott , B.A. and M.A., University of Cincinnati; B.A. and M.A., Oxford University; M.A. and Ph.D., Princeton University. D eborah W ing , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Radcliffe College. Director of Admissions: ♦R obert D. Cross, B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. Administrative Assistant: M argaret W. M oore , B.A., Park College, M.A., Ph.D., Columbia University. Consultant in Reading and Language: H elen H all, B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania. Head Residents in Dormitories: V irginia von Frankenberg , Parrish Hall; B.A., University of Nebraska. Sara M. Little , Worth Dormitory; B.A., Smith College. H elen N orth , Palmer Hall; B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Cornell University. H elen C. Bowie , Pittenger Hall; B.A., University of Colorado. Sarah Lee Lippincott , Roberts Hall; B.A., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Swarthmore College. D eborah W ing , Robinson House; B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Radcliffe College. Secretaries to the Deans: Emily Bonsall . A lice D ana H aberle M yrtle R. K eeny , B.A., Dickinson College. F rances W ills Slaugh , B.A., Swarthmore College. R e g is t r a r ’s O f f ic e Registrar, J o h n M. M oore, B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Columbia University. Secretaries, M arjorie L. W ebb, B.A., University of Delaware. Rosamond W. G arrett, B.A., Wilson College.* * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. 20 Library Staff College Library Librarian: C harles B. Shaw , B.A., M.A., and L.H.D., Clark University. Technical Services Librarian: M artha A. Connor , B.S., M.A., University of Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Assistant Librarians: . . _ , Cataloging: Elizabeth L. H arrar, B.A., University of Delaware; M.A., University of Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. E lizabeth S. Sharpless, B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S., in L.S., Drexel Institute. , Order: Sara L. M oreland, B.A., University of California at Los Angeles; B.S. in L.S., Carnegie Institute of Technology. Assistants: M ary C. K erbaugh, B.A., University of Pennsylvania; G ail C. T icknor , B.M us., Boston Conservatory of Music. Readers Services Librarian: H oward H . W illiams, B.A., Lake Forest College; M.A., and B.S. in L.S., Columbia University. Assistant Librarians: Circulation: D oris Beik , B.A., and B.S. in L.S., New York State College for Teachers. M ichi N akamura, B.A., Tsuda College, Tokyo; M.S. in L.S., Drexel Insti­ tute; Librarian, Tsuda College. ( Second semester.) Periodicals: M ary G. T ait , B.A., Wells College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel In­ stitute. Assistants: J osephine Sm ith , B.A., Swarthmore College; A n n e P erkins , University of Delaware; J oyce Parker. Friends Historical Library Director: Frederick B. T olles, B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. Reference Librarian: D orothy G. H arris, B.A., Wellesley College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute, M.A., University of Pennsylvania. Secretarial Assistant: Miriam Grabois, B.A., Swarthmore .College. Cataloger: M ildred H irsch, B.S. in L.S., Columbia University. Swarthmore College Peace Collection: Curator: M ary G. Cary, B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Assistant: H enrietta Bruce, B.A., M.A., University of Oregon. Honorary Curators of the Friends Historical Library Frank Ayde lotte ....................................................................................Princeton, N. J. Clement M. Bi d d l e ..............................................................................New York, N. Y. Anna P ettit Broomell ........................................................................ Philadelphia, Pa. Anna G riscom E lkinton ...................................................................... Swarthmore, Pa. LaV erne Fo r b u s h ......................................................................................Baltimore, Md. J ames R. Frorer ....................................................................................Wilmington, Del. W illiam H u b b e n .....................................................................................Philadelphia, Pa. H annah C lothier H u l l ........................................................................Swarthmore, Pa. H adassah M. L. P a r r o t ..........................................................................Philadelphia, Pa. J esse M e r r it t ......................................................................................Long Island, _N. Y. Richmond P. M iller .............................................................................. Philadelphia, Pa. Edith V erlenden P a s c h a l l ....................................................................Lansdowne, Pa. C. M arshall T a y l o r ............................................................................New York, N. Y. Advisory Council of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection Courtney Smith, Chairman; Frank Aydelotte, Clement M. Biddle, Anna Cox Brinton, Merle Curti, Emily Cooper Johnson, John W. Nason, Ray Newton, Ernst Posner, Joseph B. Shane, Charles B. Shaw, Frederick B. Tolies, E. Raymond Wilson. 21 B u s in e s s O f f ic e t Business Manager, Charles G. T hatcher , B.A., Swarthmore College, M.E., Cornell _University; M.M.E., Johns Hopkins University. Assistant Controller, Accounting and Finance, G. Caroline Shero , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania. Assistants, M yra J. Bell , G ertrude M. G erould, Edith H. Liddell, M arie -Louise P eck , Ray P. Sh o ch . Assistant Controller, Operations, Philip C. Prager, B.S. in M.E., University of Pitts­ burgh; M.M.E., University of Delaware. Furchasing Agent, Lewis T. Cook , J r ., B.A., St. Lawrence University; M.S., Penn­ sylvania State College. Secretary, Barbara S. W olff . Manager of Bookstore, J ean M. Sorber, Assistant; K athryn C. Ben n ett . Stenographic Staff, M arian M. Ransburg, M arguerite Clifford , O lga A. H ummer . Switchboard Operators, J ean W . Cornelius , Ayme G osman , Edna Corson . H o use D ir e c t o r ’s O f f ic e House Director, Sara M. Little , B.A., Smith College. Assistants to the House Director, K athryn A. D avisson, J anet D. V eeder, Tessie C. G ibson . S u p e r i n t e n d e n t ’s O f f ic e Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, H arry W ood. Director of Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, J o h n C. W ister, B.A., Harvard University, D.Sc., Swarthmore College. Consulting Engineer, A ndrew Sim pson , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S., Cornell University. Assistants to the Superintendent, Clifford Renshaw , Sr . R ichardson Fields, Clif ­ ford Renshaw , J r . Secretaries, V eronica Sullivan , F rancis K avanagh . D i e t i t i a n ’s O f f ic e Dietitian, R uth S. H orn . Assistant Dietitian, Billie J. B urnett . A lum ni and F u n d O f f ic e s Director, K athryn Bassett. Alumni Recorder, M yra H. Y oung . Secretaries, H elene M. D avis, E lnora Cox Swartz . N ew s O f f i c e — V o c a t io n a l G u id a n c e a n d P lacem ent Director, M aralyn O rbison, B.A., Swarthmore College. Secretary, M ildred Strain H ealth S e r v ic e Physician, M orris A. Bowie , B.A., University of Colorado; M.D., Harvard Uni­ versity. Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine. Consulting Psychiatrists: Leon J. Saul , B.A. and M.A., Columbia University; M.D., Harvard University. J. W . Lyons, B.A., University of Scranton; M.D., University of Pennsylvania. Diplomates, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (P ). Nurses: Rebecca H enninger , R.N., M ary M cCullough , R.N., E. E lizabeth M cG eary, R.N., E lse Shaw . t Retiring November 1, 1956. 22 Introduction to Swarthmore C ollege Swarthmore College, founded in 1864 by members of the Religious Society of Friends, is a small co-educational college situated eleven miles southwest of Philadelphia. In accordance with the traditions of its Quaker background, Swarthmore students are expected to prepare themselves for full, wellrounded lives as individuals and as responsible citizens through exacting in­ tellectual study supplemented by a varied program of sports and extra­ curricular activities. The college campus contains about 300 acres of rolling wooded land in the borough of Swarthmore in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The borough of Swarthmore is a small residential suburb within half an hour’s commuting distance of Philadelphia on the West Chester branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Situated near the intersection of U. S. Route 1 (Baltimore Pike) and Pennsylvania State Highway 320, Swarthmore is easily accessible by car.* Because of its location, Swarthmore College students are able to combine the advantages of a semi-rural setting with the opportunities offered by Philadelphia. Especially valuable is the cooperation made possible with three other nearby institutions, Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges and the Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania. O b je c t iv e s a n d P u rpo ses The purpose of Swarthmore College is to make its students more valu­ able human beings and more useful members of society. It shares this purpose with other educational institutions, for American education is a direct outgrowth of our democratic principles. Democracy is based on the infinite worth of each individual. It can operate successfully only when men are willing to seek together a common good. It depends upon knowl­ edge and understanding of the complex problems of modern society. The debt of our educational system to democracy is equalled only by the debt of democracy to education. While a common purpose underlies all American education, each school and college and university seeks to realize that purpose in its own way. Each must select those tasks it can do best. Only in this way can it be most effective. Only by such selection can it contribute to the diversity and richness of educational opportunity which is a part of the American heritage and the American strength. T h e R e l ig io u s T r a d it io n Swarthmore College was founded by the Religious Society of Friends and it seeks to illuminate the life of its students with the spiritual principles of * To reach the college, motorists should turn off U. S. Route 1 to State Highway 320 in the direc­ tion of Chester and continue south along Chester Road in the borough of Swarthmore about half a mile until reaching College Avenue. There a right turn is made to the college campus. 24 that Society. Although it has been non-sectarian in control since the begin­ ning of the present century and although the children of Friends are in a minority, the college seeks to preserve the religious traditions out of which it sprang. The essence of Quakerism is the individual’s responsibility for seeking truth and for applying whatever truth he believes he has found. As a way of life, it emphasizes hard work, simple living, and generous giving; personal integrity, social justice, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. The college does not seek to impose on its students this Quaker view of life, or any other specific set of convictions about the nature of things and the duty of man. It does, however, have the two-fold aim of encouraging conscious concern about such questions and unceasing re-examination of any view which may be held regarding them. That is the kind of ethical and religious character which Swarthmore seeks to develop. T h e C o m m u n it y L if e Swarthmore is a small college by deliberate policy. Its enrollment in normal years is about 900 students, of whom 425 are women and 475 are men. It is semi-rural in location, residential and co-educational in character. These features create an ideal environment for personal growth. Co-education provides the most natural environment for both men and women, who in their common work and play come to value each other for their true worth. Almost all of the students live in the college dormitories and eat together in the dining room. A large number of faculty houses are within campus boundaries, making it possible for students to have valu­ able social contacts with their professors outside the classroom. The resi­ dential character is the basis for a community life in which the ideals of the college influence every member. Growth in emotional maturity, necessary both for personal satisfaction and for effective action, is an integral part of the total educational program. For this reason the college encourages a wide variety of extra-curricular activities. Participation in sports has many values, social as well as indi­ vidual. Membership in student organizations is important. In practising parliamentary procedure and in facing the victories and defeats of elective office, students learn to live together, ironing out the clash of personalities and the friction of different views. They learn the effectiveness of enthus­ iasm and the frustration of indifference. They learn to soften their un­ critical intolerance as they struggle to live successfully together. They learn the meaning of responsibility as they become responsible for their activities. T h e E d u c a t io n a l P r o g r a m Swarthmore’s educational program is based on the philosophy that selfdiscovery and self-development are more valuable than the simple demon25 strative method of teaching. Therefore, whenever it is possible, students are encouraged to make their own analyses, based on original source material or on laboratory experiments. Believing also that a liberal education is based on knowledge of many areas of human experience, the college requires that freshmen and sophomores take a wide variety of courses. This plan allows them to test their ability in subjects they have already studied and to explore new fields. By the end of their sophomore year, students are expected to make two de­ cisions : first, what their field of concentration will be for the last two years; and second, whether they prefer to take "Honors work ’ or to continue their study in regular courses. Honors work, more fully described on pages 58 to 60, is a method of study open to juniors and seniors who have shown independence and re­ sponsibility in their academic work. They are freed from classroom routine and meet with their instructors in small weekly seminar groups for dis­ cussion and evaluation of their work. Since an honors student pursues only one major and one related minor subject during a semester, this system facilitates greater concentration and greater independence than is possible under the usual academic routine. The development of the honors or seminar method was begun under President Aydelotte in 1922, and because of its success, it has been widely imitated in other institutions. A c a d e m ic C o m p e t e n c e Democracy demands a broad base of intelligent understanding of issues. It also necessitates a high order of excellence in those who are destined to become its leaders. Swarthmore can best serve society by the maintenance of high standards. It is peculiarly fitted by tradition and performance for this essential role, and it is precisely this readiness to do a particular job well that gives the College its value in the educational mosaic of American democracy. Education is largely an individual matter, for no two students are exactly alike. Some need detailed help, while others profit from considerable freedom. The program of Honors study, in which Swarthmore pioneered, is designed to give recognition to this fact. It is the most distinctive feature of our educational program. For many students it provides an enriching and exciting intellectual experience. It has as its main ingredients freedom from class work, maximum latitude for the development of individual re­ sponsibility, concentrated work in broad fields of study, and close associa­ tion with faculty members in small seminars. The Honors program and the Course program are parallel systems of instruction for students during their last two years. Both are designed to evoke the maximum effort and develop­ ment from each student, the choice of method being determined by individ­ ual need and capacity. 26 A college is never static. Its purposes and policies are always changing to meet new demands and new conditions. The founders of Swarthmore would find in it today many features they never contemplated when they shaped the College in the middle of the nineteenth century. Swarthmore, if it is to remain alive, must be forever changing. And many people are continually engaged in shaping its destiny—the Board of Managers, ad­ ministration, faculty, students, alumni, parents, and the community as a whole. The goal is to achieve for each generation, by means appropriate to the times, that unique contribution and that standard of excellence which have been the guiding ideals of Swarthmore from its founding. 27 Admission Inquiries concerning admission and applications should be addressed to the following: from men, to Gilmore Stott, Associate Dean; from women, to Deborah Wing, Associate Dean. After February 1, 1957, inquiries from both men and women should be addressed to Robert D. Cross, Director of Admissions. G eneral St a t e m e n t In the selection of students the college seeks those qualities of character, social responsibility, and intellectual capacity which it is primarily concerned to develop. It seeks them, not in isolation, but as essential elements in the whole personality of candidates for admission. In the competition for admission preference is given to the children of Friends and alumni who can meet the requirements. It is also the policy of the college to have the student body represent not only different parts of the United States but many foreign countries, both public and private secondary schools, and various economic, social, religious, and racial groups. Selection is important and difficult. N o simple formula will be effective. The task is to select those who give real promise of distinction in the quality of their personal lives, in service to the community, or in leadership in their chosen fields. Swarthmore College must choose its students on the basis of their individual future worth to society and of their collective realization of the purpose of the college. Admission to the freshman class is normally based upon the satisfactory completion of a four-year program preparatory to advanced liberal study. Applicants are selected on the following evidence: 1. Record in secondary school; 2. Recommendation of the school principal or headmaster and of others who know the applicant; 3. Ratings in the Scholastic Aptitude Test and in three Achievement Tests of the College Entrance Examination Board. In some cases, special tests may be given by the college. 4. Personal interview with one of the Deans or an appointed representa­ tive; 5. Reading and experience, both in school and out. Applicants must have satisfactory standing in school, and in aptitude and achievement tests, and should show strong intellectual interests. They should also give evidence of sturdiness of character, promise of growth, initiative, seriousness of purpose, and a sense of social responsibility. As future mem­ bers of the college community, they should represent varied interests, types, and backgrounds. 28 P reparation Applicants are urged to make their choice of college as early as possible in order to plan the work of their school years with the assistance of the Committees on Admission. In general, preparation should include: 1. Skills: The following skills are essential to success in college work and should be brought to a high level by study and practice through­ out the preparatory period: a. The use of the English language with accuracy and effectiveness in reading, writing, and speaking. b. The use of the principles of arithmetic, algebra, and plane geometry. c. The use of one, or preferably of two, foreign languages to the point of reading prose of average difficulty at sight, and of writing and speaking with some ease and proficiency. 2. Subjects: All, or almost all, of the preparatory course should be com­ posed of the subjects listed in the following four groups. Variations of choice and emphasis are acceptable although some work should be taken in each group. History and Social Studies: American, English, European, and ancient history; political, social, and economic problems of modern society. Literature and Art: American, English, and foreign literature, ancient and modern; music, art, architecture. Natural Science and Mathematics: chemistry, physics, biology, astron­ omy; algebra, geometry, trigonometry. A college major in science or engineering presupposes substantial work in algebra, in plane and, if possible, solid geometry, and in trigonometry. Languages: English, Latin, Greek, German, French, Spanish, other European or Oriental languages. Applicants who expect to major in science are strongly advised to include German and, if possible, French in their school programs. A pplications and Examinations Applications must be filed in the office of the Deans by February 15 of the year in which the candidate wishes to be admitted. An application fee of $10.00, which is not refundable, is required of all candidates. All applicants for admission are required to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test and three Achievement Tests given by the College Entrance Examina­ tion Board. The Achievement Test in English Composition is required of all candi­ dates; the other two Achievement Tests are chosen by the candidate from 29 two different ¿elds. Candidates for engineering must take the test in Ad­ vanced Mathematics. In 1956-57 these tests will be given in various centers throughout this country and abroad on December 1, January 12, February 16, March 16, May 18 and August 14. Applicants are normally expected to take the required tests in March of their Senior year. Scholarship candidates are urged to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test in December or January, and other applicants may do so if they wish. Those who wish to take the tests for practice at the end of the Junior year are encouraged to do so. All such applicants must repeat the tests in their Senior year, however, in order to give themselves the advantage of maximum preparation. Application to take the tests should be made directly to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 592, Princeton, New Jersey. A bulletin of information may be obtained without charge from the Board. Students who wish to take the tests in any of the following western states, territories, and Paciffc areas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Hawaii, Al­ berta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Mexico, Australia, and all Paciffc Islands including Formosa and Japan, should address their inquiries and send their applications to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 27896, Los Angeles 27, California. Application should be made to the Board at least a month before the date on which the test will be taken. No additional tests are required of candidates for scholarships. They must, however, write for a special application blank at least two weeks in advance of the date on which applications for admission are due. Informa­ tion concerning scholarships will be found on pages 33 to 41. Notices of the action of the Admissions Committee will be mailed about May 1. A dvanced Standing For favorable consideration, applicants for advanced standing must have had a good scholastic record in the institution from which they wish to transfer, and must present full credentials for both college and preparatory work and a letter of honorable dismissal. They must take the Scholastic Aptitude Test and three achievement tests given by the College Entrance Examination Board if these tests have not been taken previously. As a general rule, students are not admitted to advanced standing later than the beginning of the sophomore year. Four terms of study at Swarthmore College constitute the minimum requirement for a degree, two of which must be those of the senior year. Freshmen may apply for advanced standing or placement in particular courses if they have taken college level courses in approved schools and the Advanced Placement Tests of the College Entrance Examination Board. 30 Expenses Charges per academic year of two semesters: Board, room, and tu itio n ......................................................... $1,525* General f e e ................... ........................................................... 125 Total charges........................................ ........................................$1,650 While a general charge for board, room and tuition is made, this may be divided into $800 for tuition and $725 for board and room. The general fee of $125 per year covers the costs of student health, library and laboratory fees, {U-hlph> fees, arts and crafts, and the support of several other extra curricular activities. An additional deposit of $25 per semester is required of each student, payable in advance, to cover incidental bills. Students may charge purchases at the college bookstore, and certain other charges agreed to by the Business Office. W hen this deposit has been exhausted a new one will be required immediately. Any unused balance is returned at the time of graduating or leaving college. One half of the total sum is due not later than Registration Day at the beginning of the fall semester. Bills are mailed before the opening of the current t-prm Payments should be made by check or draft to the order of Swarthmore C ollege. A student is not a registered student at Swarthmore College, nor on any class roll, until his bill is paid. Correspondence about financial matters should be addressed to Miss G . Caroline Shero, Assistant Controller. No reduction or refunding of tuition can be made on account of absence, illness, voluntary withdrawal, or dismissal from college. No reduction or refund will be made for failure to occupy the room assigned for a given t-crm, nor is the general fee refundable. In case of absence or withdrawal from the college and provided due notice has been given in advance to the Business Office, there will be a refund of two-thirds of the ¡board charge for any rime in excess of two weeks. Exceptions will be made for students who are required by the draft to leave during the course of the academic year. In these cases tuition, general fee, board and room charges will be refunded on a pro rata basis. T he T uition P lan Many of the parents of students may wish to pay all tuition, fees, and residence charges on a monthly basis. It is possible to arrange this under * An advance deposit of $25 is required of all new students in order to reserve a place in college for the coming year. A similar deposit of $15 is required of returning students. These deposits are credited against the bill for tuition, board, and room. 31 The Tuition Plan. The cost is four percent greater than when payments are made in cash in advance. Details of its operation will be furnished by the College with the first semester’s bill in September. A ccident and Sickness I nsurance The college makes available both accident and accident and sickness in­ surance to students through John C. Paige & Company of Boston, Massachu­ setts. Accident coverage alone costs $5.00 per year (12 months) for women, and $10.00 for men. The combined accident and sickness policy is avail­ able at an annual cost of $18.00 for women and $22.00 for men. At least accident coverage is required of all students who participate in intercollegiate athletic activities and the combined accident and sickness policy is particu­ larly recommended. Application forms are mailed to all students during the summer. 32 m ii ì ' T he C ollege Library Sprout O bservatory Student Aid and Scholarships The college furnishes scholarships and financial assistance to a substan­ tial number of students from its general funds and from special endow­ ments. About fifty scholarships are awarded to freshmen each year. During the current academic year the college has granted about $130,000 for scholarships. About one-quarter of that sum is provided by the endowed scholarships listed below. The income from many of these endowments is assigned each year to entering freshmen in accordance with the will of the donor and in his name. Where satisfactory records have been maintained these awards are normally renewed annually from the general funds of the College. Seniors who have had substantial aid may in some cases be asked to finance themselves in part from a College loan fund. All awards are based upon the college record, the financial need of the family as revealed in confidential statements to the Scholarship Committee, through the agency of the College Scholarship Service, and the efforts of the student in earning his own expenses. All applications for scholarships are handled by the Committee on Admissions and Scholarships and should be addressed to the Deans. G rants-in -aid, to a limited number, may be awarded to students with financial need and average scholastic standing who could not earn all they need without serious detriment to their academic work. College Employment affords opportunity to earn money by regular work at current wage rates in one of the college offices, shops, laboratories or libraries. A student may hold a college job in addition to a scholarship or a grant-in-aid. The distribution of jobs among those authorized to hold them is made by the Student Employment office. Residents of the borough of Swarthmore often send requests for services to the college, which co­ operates in making these opportunities known to students. Last year over four hundred students secured work through the office. Many students earn from eight to ten dollars a week and still maintain an excellent scholastic standing. Scholarships for M en The G eorge F. Baker Scholarships. The George F. Baker Scholar­ ships, awarded for the first time in 1950, have been given to the college as part of a national scholarship program. They are the gift of the George F. Baker Foundation and will be awarded to four freshman men each year, The actual amount of the scholarships, in part determined by financial need, will be a maximum of $1,200 for each year of the student’s college career. Students will be chosen for these awards primarily on the basis of achieve­ ment and promise of leadership in business, government and the professions. O pen Scholarships for M e n . Swarthmore College awards annually five four-year scholarships to men entering the freshman class. These 33 Scholarships, based on die general plan of the Rhodes Scholarships, ate given to candidates who, in the opinion of the Committee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount of the annual award varies from $100 to $1,200 according to the financial need of the winner. The T homas B. M cCabe A chievement Award, established by Thomas B. McCabe T5, provides an annual grant of $1,000 open to entering fresh­ man men. Applicants must be residents of Delaware or the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland or Virginia. Selection will be based on achievements which give promise of leadership, and emphasis will be placed on ability, character, personality, and service to school and community. The Scott Award at Swarthmore. A scholarship established by the Scott Paper Co. of Chester, Pa., in honor of its former president, Arthur Hoyt Scott of the Class of 1895. Given for the first time in 1953, it will be awarded annually for the next five years to an outstanding sophmore who plans to enter business after graduation and who demonstrates the qualities of scholarship, character, personality, leadership, and physical vigor. The award provides the recipient with $1,000 for each of his last two years in college. The Scott B. Lilly Scholarship, endowed by Jacob T. Schless of the riacg of 1914 at Swarthmore College, was offered for the first time in 1950. This scholarship is in honor of a former distinguished Professor of En­ gineering and, therefore, students who plan to major in engineering will be given preference. The stipend will be a maximum of $1,200 a year for four years; the exact amount of the award will be determined by the financial needs of the winning applicant. The P hilip T. Sharples Scholarship, a four-year scholarship open to entering freshmen, is designed to honor and encourage young men in engi­ neering or physical science. The committee, in making its selections, will have regard for candidates who rank highest in scholarship, character, per­ sonality, leadership, and physical vigor. At least one scholarship will be given each year with a maximum grant of $1,200. The actual amount of the stipend will be determined by the financial need of the candidate. The Edward R. Armstrong M emorial Scholarship is awarded annual­ ly to a young man preparing himself to become an engineer and who is in need of financial assistance. The Committee in making its selections in con­ sultation with Professor Samuel T. Carpenter, will have high regard for can­ didates who rank highest in scholarship, character, personality, leadership, and physical vigor. The scholarship provides a maximum of $1,200 a year. The Aaron B. Ivins Scholarship is awarded annually to a young man of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Overbrook, Philadelphia. It is awarded under the following conditions. The recipient must have 34 been a student at Friends Central for at least two years, he must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around student in his class de­ sirous of entering Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends Central School, and subject to the approval of Swarth­ more College, has a maximum value of $650. The H oward Cooper J ohnson Scholarship, established by Howard Cooper Johnson ’96, provides approximately $500 a year. It is awarded on the basis of all-around achievement to a male undergraduate who is a mem­ ber of the Society of Friends. The T. H. D udley P erkins M emorial Scholarship is awarded to an entering freshman on the basis of qualities of manhood, character and leadership; literary and scholastic ability; physical shown by participation in out-of-doors sports or in other ways. maximum value of $500. annually force of vigor as It has a The M iller-Flounders Scholarship of $500 per year is awarded to a freshman man who resides in and has attended school in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. To be eligible for the award the student must have clearly demonstrated leadership in scholastic achievement and in extra-curricular activities during his high school program. The scholarship is usually awarded in alternate years and is renewable provided a satisfactory record is maintained. The W illiam G. and M ary N. Serrill H onors Scholarship is a competitive Scholarship for Men, awarded to a candidate for admission to the college, based upon the general plan of the Rhodes Scholarships. The annual stipend is $375. Preference will be given to men who are residents of Abington Township, including Jenkintown and Glenside, Montgomery County, Pa., but if there is no outstanding candidate from this locality, the scholarship will be open to competition generally. The Sarah K aighn Cooper Scholarship, founded by Sallie K. Johnson in memory of her grandparents, Sarah Kaighn and Sarah Cooper, is awarded to a man in the Junior Class who is judged by the faculty to have had, since entering College, the best record for scholarship, character, and influence. The value of this scholarship is approximately $225 annually. The D onald R enwick Ferguson Scholarship, established by Mrs. Amy Baker Ferguson, in memory of her husband, Donald Renwick Ferguson, M.D., of the Class of 1912, who died during the Second W orld War, is awarded to a young man who is looking forward to the study of medicine. The scholarship will pay a maximum of $600. The P eter M ertz Scholarship carries a stipend of approximately $500 a year for four years and is awarded to an entering freshman outstanding in mental and physical vigor, who shows promise of spending these talents for the good of the college community and of the larger community outside. 35 The award was established in 1955 by Harold, LuEsther and Joyce Mertz in memory of Peter Mertz who was a member of the class of 1957. The Frank Solomon M emorial Scholarship may be granted to an in­ coming freshman or any man chosen by the Scholarship Committee who needs financial assistance to continue his education. The scholarship may be used with the approval of the Committee either for study at Swarthmore College or elsewhere, or for independent research. Scholarships for W omen O pen Scholarships for W om en . Mr. and Mrs. Daniel S. White, of the Class of 1875, on the occasion of the Fiftieth Reunion of that class, established three open competitive scholarships for women, in the names of Howard White, Jr., Serena B. White, and Walter W . Green. These scholarships are given to candidates who, in the opinion of the Committee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount of the award varying from $100 to $1,200 is determined in the same way as the scholarships for men. The A lumnae Scholarship, established by the Philadelphia and New York Alumnae Clubs, is awarded on the same basis as the Open Scholarships. It is awarded for one year and has a maximum value of $500. The A nnie Shoemaker Scholarship is granted annually to a young woman of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Overbrook, Phila­ delphia. The recipient must have been a student at Friends Central for at least two years, she must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around student in her class desirous of entering Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends Central School, and subject to the approval of Swarthmore College, has a maximum value of $500. The G eorge K. and Sallie K. J ohnson F und provides $450 a year, to be used, at the discretion of the President of the College, in granting financial aid to young women during their senior year, it being the donor’s desire that the President must be satisfied that the applicant is fitted to become a desirable teacher. The M ary Coates P reston Scholarship Fund . A sum of money has been left by will of Elizabeth Coates, the annual interest of which will be about $450. This amount is given as a scholarship to a young woman student in Swarthmore College, preferably to a relative of the donor. The H arriet W . P aiste Fund is limited by the following words from the donor’s will: “the interests to be applied annually to the education of female members of our Society of Friends (holding their Yearly Meeting at Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia) whose limited means would ex­ clude them from enjoying the advantages of an education at the college.” The value of this scholarship is approximately $350 annually. 36 The M ary T. Longstreth Scholarship was founded by Rebecca C. Longstreth in memory of her mother and is to be awarded annually "at the discretion of the President of the College to assist a young woman student to pursue her studies in the College.’’ The value of this scholarship is approximately $225 annually. The J essie Stevenson K ovalenko Scholarship F und , the gift of Michel Kovalenko in memory of his wife, provides an annual income of $225. This sum is to be awarded to a student, preferably a woman, who is in her junior or senior year and who is a major in astronomy, or to a graduate of the college, preferably a woman, for graduate work in astronomy at Swarthmore or elsewhere. The income of the K appa A lpha T heta Scholarship F und , given by members and friends of the Kappa Alpha Theta Fraternity at Swarthmore, is awarded annually to a woman student. The award amounts to approx­ imately $125 annually. One or more members of the fraternity who are on the Board of Managers serve on the Committee of Award. The M ary W ood F und provides approximately $65 a year and may be awarded to a young woman who is preparing to become a teacher. Scholarships O pen to M en and W omen The Marshall P. Sullivan Scholarship F und , established by Creth and Sullivan, Inc. in memory of Marshall P. Sullivan of the Class of 1897, provides $1,000 anually for one or more scholarships. Preference will be given to graduates of George School, but if no suitable candidate applies from this school, graduates of other Friends schools or other persons will be eligible. The RCA Scholarship, provided by the Radio Corporation of America is awarded to a young man or woman who is making a creditable academic record in the field of science or engineering at the under-graduate level. This scholarship provides $800 a year and the appointment is usually made for the junior or senior year. The E. H ib b e r d L a w r e n c e S c h o l a r s h ip provides approximately $ 7 0 0 a year for a scholarship to an incoming freshman man or woman who ranks high in scholarship, character, and personality and who has need for financial assistance. The Edward Clarkson W ilson Scholarship. A scholarship with an annual value of $625 has been established at Swarthmore by friends of Edward Clarkson Wilson, ’91, formerly Principal of the Baltimore Friends School. It will be awarded each year to a former student of the Baltimore Friends School, who has been approved by the faculty of the school, on the basis of high character and high standing in scholarship. In any year when there is no outstanding candidate from the students of the Baltimore Friends School, the scholarship may be awarded to another young man or woman 37 who shall meet the required standards and who is approved by the school faculty and the college. The A merican Cyanamjd Company Scholarship of $600 per year is awarded to an outstanding junior or senior who is majoring in chemistry. The C lass of 1915 Scholarship F und was established on the occasion of the Twenty-fifth Reunion of the Qass and provides an income of ap­ proximately $550. This sum is to be awarded either to freshmen or other students, with preference given to descendants of the members of the Class of 1915. The Business Manager, the Deans, and members of the Class of 1915 designated by Thomas B. McCabe shall constitute the Committee of Award. This Fund will become a part of the General Endowment of the College on Alumni Day, 1970. The Class of 1930 Scholarship is awarded annually to a young man or woman who is in need of financial assistance. Preference is given to in­ coming freshmen but other students are eligible. The scholarship provides $500 annually. The Class of 1931 Scholarship F und was established on the 25th re­ union of the Class to provide a $1,000 scholarship to an entering freshman who has need for financial assistance and ranks high in scholarship, charac­ ter, and personality. The award is to be made by the Admissions Committee of the College, and children of members of the Class of 1931 will have preference. The D aniel U nderhill Scholarship, given by Daniel Underhill ’94, in memory of his grandfather, Daniel Underhill, member of the first Board of Managers, provides $500 annually for a deserving student in need of financial aid. The A merican Viscose Corporation Scholarship of $500 per year is awarded to an outstanding sophomore or junior who is majoring in engineer­ ing, chemistry, or physics. The W estinghouse A chievement Scholarship of $500 per year is awarded to a high ranking major in electrical or mechanical engineering for the senior year. The Rachel W. H illborn Scholarship was founded by Anne Hillborn Philips of the Class of 1892 in memory of her mother, with the stipulation that the income shall go to a student in the junior or senior class who is studying for service in the international field. Preference will be given to a Friend or to one who intends to contribute to world under­ standing through diplomatic service, participation in some international government agency, the American Friends Service Committee, or similar activ­ ities. The annual income amounts to approximately $450. 38 The J onathan K. T aylor Scholarship, in accordance with the donor’s will, is awarded by the Board of Trustees of the Baltimore Monthly Meet­ ing of Friends. This scholarship is first open to descendants of the late Jonathan K. Taylor. Then, while preference is to be given to members of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends, it is not to be confined to them when suitable persons in membership cannot be found. The value of this scholarship is approximately $450 annually. The P hebe An n a T horne F und provides an income of approximately $2,250 for scholarships for students needing pecuniary assistance whose previous work has demonstrated their earnestness and their ability. This gift includes a clause of preference to those students who are members of the New York Monthly Meeting of Friends. These scholarships are awarded by the college under the regulations fixed by the board. The W estbury Q uarterly M eeting , N. Y., Scholarship, amounting to $250, is awarded annually by a committee of that Quarterly Meeting. The Sarah A ntrim Cole Scholarship was founded by her parents in memory of Sarah Antrim Cole of the Class of 1934. It is awarded to a graduate of the Worthington High School, Worthington, Ohio or of the North High School, Columbus, Ohio. The scholarship provides a maximum grant of $500 a year. The Lafore Scholarship is awarded in memory of John A. Lafore of the Class of 1895. The college in granting this scholarship will give prefer­ ence to qualified candidates who show need of financial assistance and who are descendants of Amand and Margaret White Lafore. The value of the scholarship is approximately $500 a year. The James E. M iller Scholarship. Under the will of Arabella M. Miller, who died Sixth Month 24th, 1922, the sum of $5,986 was awarded to the Cambridge Trust Company, Trustee under the will of James E. Miller, to be applied to scholarships in Swarthmore College. An annual income of approximately $200 is available and may be applied toward the payment of board and tuition of students of Delaware County (preference to be given to residents of Nether Providence Township) to be selected by Swarthmore College and approved by the Trustee. The Chi O mega Scholarship was established by members and friends of the Chi Omega Fraternity. The income provides an award of approx­ imately $225 annually to a member of the freshman class who is in definite need of financial aid. Preference is given to daughters or sons of members of the fraternity, but if in any year such a candidate does not apply, the committee will select a freshman woman to receive the award. Applications should be sent to the Office of the Deans before January 1st of the year in which the award is to be made. A member designated by the Fraternity serves on the Committee of Award. 39 T he D elta G amma Scholarship. The Delta Gamma Fraternity pro­ vides a fund of which the annual income is approximately $135.00. This sum is to be awarded to a blind student at Swarthmore College in need of financial assistance. In any year in which there is no such candidate the fund may be awarded to a freshman woman. The K appa K appa G amma Scholarship was established by the Swarth­ more Alumnae chapter of the Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity. The income provides an award of approximately $300 annually to a member of the fresh­ man class who is in need of financial aid. Preference is given to children of members of the Fraternity, but if in any year such a candidate does not apply the Scholarship Committee will select a freshman to receive the award. The income from each of the following funds is awarded at the discretion of the college to students needing pecuniary aid: The The The The The The The The The The The The The Barclay G. A tkinson Scholarship F und . R ebecca M. Atkinson Scholarship Fund . W illiam D orsey Scholarship F und . G eorge Ellsler Scholarship F und . J oseph E. G illingham F und . T homas L. Leedom Scholarship Fund . Sarah E. Lippincott Scholarship F und . M ark E. R eeves Scholarship F und . M ary Sproul Scholarship F und . H elen Squier Scholarship F und . J oseph T. Sullivan Scholarship F und . D eborah F. W harton Scholarship F und . T homas W oodnutt Scholarship F und . The Samuel W illets F und yields an income of approximately $4,300 annually, "to be applied to educate in part or in whole such poor and deserv­ ing children as the Committee on Trusts, Endowments and Scholarships of said college may from time to time judge and determine to be entitled thereto.” In addition to the above fund, Samuel Willets gave scholarships in the name of his children, Frederick W illets, Edward W illets, W alter W illets, and Caroline W. Frame. These scholarships have the value of $225 each. They are awarded by the respective parties, their heirs or as­ signs, or in the event that the heirs do not exercise their right, by the col­ lege authorities. The 1 V. W illiamson Scholarships. Ten scholarships of the value of $150 each are offered to graduates of designated Friends schools: two each to graduates of Friends Central and George School, one in the boys and one in the girls’ department: and one each to New York Friends 40 Seminary, Baltimore Friends School, Wilmington Friends School, Moorestown Friends School, Friends Academy at Locust Valley, Sidwell Friends School and Brooklyn Friends School. Any income not utilized in accord­ ance with these conditions is used for free scholarships in accordance with the will of the donor. F r ie n d s C o l l e g e S c h o l a r s h ip s . Swarthmore College, with a group of other Friends Colleges, has established scholarships to enable students from the smaller Friends Colleges to spend a year at one of the three cooperating colleges in the Philadelphia area: Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore. These scholarships will be granted in varying amounts according to need and ability. Special Loan F unds Several loan funds are administered by a committee to which application should be made through the office of the financial vice-president. The Class of 1913 Loan F und was established by the Class of 1913 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, the loans to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent. T he Class of 1916 Loan F und was established by the Class of 1916 at their twenty-fifth reunion. The fund is designed to provide loans to senior students, preferably descendants of members of the Class of 1916, or to other students at the discretion of the administering committee. The loans are repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. The J ohn A. M iller Loan F und was established by the Class of 1912 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, such loans to be repay­ able within five years with interest at four percent. The Paul M. P earson Loan F und was established by a number of Dr. Pearson’s friends as a memorial for perpetuating his life and spirit. Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. The Swarthmore College Student Loan F und was established by Mr. Clarence J. Gamble, who, feeling such a fund to be of unusual benefit to worthy students, gave a sum to the college on condition that the Board should set aside an equal amount to be added to the fund. Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after graduation with interest at the rate of four percent. The Ellis D. W illiams F u n d . By the will of Ellis D. Williams, a legacy of $25,000 was left to the college, the income from which is to be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after gradua­ tion, with interest at the rate of four percent. 41 Educational Resources The primary educational resources of any college are the quality of its faculty and the spirit of the institution. Second to these are the physical facilities, in particular the libraries, laboratories and equipment. Laboratories, well equipped for undergraduate instruction and in some cases for research, exist in physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, psychology, astronomy, and in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering. The Sproul Observatory, with its 24-inch visual refracting telescope, is the center of much fundamental research in multiple star systems. The Edward Martin Biological Laboratory provides exceptional facilities for work in psychology, zoology, botany, and pre-medical studies. Recent additions to Beardsley Hall increase the facilities for laboratory instruction and research in engineering. The Sw a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e L ib r a r y , in part the gift of Andrew Car­ negie, contains reading rooms, offices and a collection of 183,000 volumes. Some 5500 volumes are added annually. About 763 periodicals are re­ ceived regularly. The general collection, including all but the scientific and technical books and journals, is housed in the library building, situated on the front campus. An addition providing storeroom for 150,000 volumes was erected in 1935. The library is definitely a collection of books and journals for undergraduate use. The demands of Honors work, however, make necessary the provision of large quantities of source material not usually found in collections maintained for undergraduates. It is a point of library policy to try to supply, either by purchase or through inter-library loan, the books needed by students or members of the faculty for their individual research. In addition, the library contains certain special collections—the British Americana collection, the Wells’ Wordsworth and Thompson collections, and a collection of the issuances of 423 private presses. A number of special features enrich the academic background of the col­ lege. Among these are the following: The B id d l e M e m o r ia l L ib r a r y is an attractive fire-proof structure of stone and steel given by Clement M. Biddle, ’96, in memory of his father, Clement M. Biddle, who served for over twenty years as a member of the Board of Managers or as an officer of the Corporation of the College. This Library contains two important Collections: the Friends Historical Library and the Swarthmore College Peace Collection. The F r ie n d s H is t o r ic a l L ib r a r y , founded in 1870 by Anson Lapham, is one of the outstanding collections in the United States of manuscripts, 42 books, pamphlets, and pictures relating to the history of the Society of Friends. The library is a depository for records of Friends Meetings belong­ ing to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. More than 1,000 record books have been deposited; many of them have been reproduced on microfilm, for which a reading machine is available. The William Wade Hinshaw Index to Quaker Meeting Records indexes the material of genealogical interest in the records of 307 meetings in various parts of the United States. Notable among the other holdings are the Charles F. Jenkins Whittier Collection (first editions and manuscripts of John Greenleaf W hittier), the Mott Manu­ scripts (over 400 autograph letters of Lucretia Mott, antislavery and women’s rights leader), and the Hicks Manuscripts (more than 300 letters of Elias Hicks, a famous Quaker minister). The Library’s collection of books and pamphlets by and about Friends numbers approximately 20,000 volumes. About 125 Quaker periodicals are currently received. There is also an ex­ tensive collection of photographs of meeting houses and pictures of repre­ sentative Friends. It is hoped that Friends and others will consider the ad­ vantages of giving to this Library any books and family papers which may throw light on the history of the Society of Friends. The S w a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e P e a c e C o l l e c t i o n , a section of the Friends Historical Library, is of special interest to research students and others seeking the records of the Peace Movement. Beginning with Jane Addams’ personal papers and books relating to peace, the collection contains a rich variety of the documents of early peace groups as far back as the first peace committees in England and the United States about 1815, as well as rare peace posters from many lands, and correspondence and writings of peace and arbitration leaders. Individual writings on peace date back to about 1642. The collection includes some 750 titles of magazines and bulletins devoted to peace, published in the United States and abroad during the past 140 years. There are about 160 titles of bulletins and magazines cur­ rently received in eleven languages from 25 countries. This collection is the official depository for the leading peace organizations in the United States. A more complete description of the collection will be found in the Guide to the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, A Memorial to Jane Addams, published by the College and available for loan on request. The W i l l ia m J. C o o p e r F o u n d a t i o n provides a varied program of lectures and concerts which enriches the academic work of the college. The Foundation was established by William J. Cooper, a devoted friend of the college, whose wife, Emma Mcllvain Cooper, served as a member of the Board of Managers from 1882 to 1923. Mr. Cooper bequeathed to the college the sum of $100,000 and provided that the income should be used "in bringing to the college from time to time eminent citizens of this and other countries who are leaders in statesmanship, education, the arts, sciences, learned professions and business, in order that the faculty, students and the 43 college community may be broadened by a closer acquaintance with matters of world interest.” Admission to all programs is without charge. The Cooper Foundation Committee works with the departments and with student organizations in arranging single lectures and concerts, and also in bringing to the college speakers of note who remain in residence for a long enough period to enter into the life of the community. Some of these speakers have been invited with the understanding that their lectures should be published under the auspices of the Foundation. This arrangement has so far produced nine volumes: Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop. The Essentials o f Democracy. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1929. Lowes, John Livingston. Geoffrey Chaucer and the Development o f His Genius. New York, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934. Weyl, Hermann. M ind and Nature. Philadelphia, University of Penn­ sylvania Press, 1934. Americas Recovery Program, by A. A. Berle, Jr., John Dickinson, A. Heath Onthank . . . and others . . . London, New York, etc., Oxford Uni­ versity Press, 1934. Madariaga, Salvador de. Theory and Practice in International Relations. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937. Streit, Clarence Kirshman. Union N otv; a Proposal for a Federal Union of the Democracies o f the N orth Atlantic. New York, Harper, 1939. Krogh, August. The Comparative Physiology o f Respiratory Mechanisms. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941. Wilcox, Clair, Editor. Civil Liberties under Attack. A series of lectures given in 1950-51. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951. Redfield, Robert. Peasant Society and Culture; A n Anthropological A p­ proach to Civilization. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1956. The A r t h u r H o y t S c o t t H o r t i c u l t u r a l F o u n d a t i o n . About three hundred acres are contained in the College property, including a large tract of woodland and the valley of Crum Creek. Much of this tract has been developed as an horticultural and botanical collection of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants through the provisions of the Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, established in 1929 by Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott and Owen and Margaret Moon as a memorial to Arthur Hoyt Scott of the Class of 1895. The plant collections are designed both to afford examples of the better kinds of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants which are hardy in the climate of Eastern Pennsylvania and suitable for planting by the average gardener, and to beautify the campus. There are exceptionally fine displays of Japanese cherries, flowering crab apples and tree peonies, and a great variety of lilacs, rhododendrons, azaleas, daffodils, iris, herbaceous 44 peonies, hemerocallis and chrysanthemums. Many donors have contributed generously to the collections. (For full information see Bulletin o f Swarthmore College, Vol. xxxvii, No. 5.) The Bronson M. Cutting M emorial Collection of R ecorded M usic was established at Swarthmore College in 1936 by a gift of approx­ imately four thousand phonograph records, a radio-phonograph, books and musical scores, from the family of Bronson Murray Cutting, late Senator from New Mexico. Its object is to make the best recorded music available to the undergraduates, faculty, and friends of Swarthmore College, in co­ operation with the work of the college Department of Music. The collec­ tion is kept up to date with current additions. The Ben ja m in W est Lecture, made possible by gifts from members of the class of 1905 and other friends of the College, is given annually on some phase of art. It is the outgrowth of the Benjamin West Society which built up a collection of paintings, drawings, and prints, which are exhibited, as space permits, in the college buildings. The lecture owes its name to the American artist, who was born in a house which still stands on the campus and who became president of the Royal Academy. The P otter Speech Collection , established in 1950 with accumulated income of the William Potter Public Speaking Fund, includes a wide variety of recorded poetry, oratory, and drama. It is designed to make available to the Swarthmore College community and friends the best examples obtain­ able in recordings of literature intended for the ear as well as the eye. Among the three hundred items are included full-length versions of Shakes­ pearean plays, contemporary poets reading their own work, and traditional poetry read by professional speakers. The Department of English Literature administers the collection and selects current additions. 45 C ollege L ife H o u s in g Swarthmore is primarily a residential college, conducted on the assumption that an important element in education comes from close association of students and instructors. Most students live in dormitories. Many mem­ bers of the faculty live on or near the campus. Residence Halls There are five dormitories for men: Wharton Hall, named in honor of its donor, Joseph Wharton, at one time President of the Board of Man­ agers, Woolman House, and three buildings on the former Mary Lyon School property. The women’s dormitories include the upper floors in the wings of Parrish Hall; W orth Hall, the gift of William P. Worth, 1876, and J. Sharpless Worth, ex-1873, as a memorial to their parents; Robinson House; Palmer, Pittenger and Roberts Hall on South Chester Road. All freshmen are assigned to rooms by the Deans. Other students choose their rooms in an order determined by lot. Special permission must be ob­ tained to room outside the dormitories. Students may occupy college rooms during vacations only by special ar­ rangements with the Deans and payment of the required fee. Freshmen are asked to leave college immediately after their last examinations in the spring so that their rooms may be used by Commencement visitors. D ining Rooms All students, both men and women, have their meals in two adjoining College Dining Rooms in Parrish Hall. The dining rooms are closed during all vacations. R e l ig io u s L i f e The religious life of the college is founded on the Quaker principle that the seat of spiritual authority lies in the Inner Light of each individual. The Society of Friends is committed to the belief that religion is best ex­ pressed in the quality of everyday living. There are accordingly no com­ pulsory religious exercises, save in so far as the brief devotional element in Collection may be so considered. Students are encouraged to attend the churches of their choice. Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Christian Science churches are located in the borough of Swarthmore; Catholic and other churches in the nearby towns of Morton, Media, and Chester. The Swarthmore Meeting House is located on the campus. Students are cordi­ ally invited to attend its meeting for worship on Sunday. Extra-curricular 46 groups with faculty cooperation exist for the study of the Bible and the exploration of common concerns in religion. An assembly of the college, called Collection, is held at 10: 00 a. m. every Thursday in Clothier Memorial; attendance of students is required. There is regularly a period of silence according to the Friendly tradition and, when these are in keeping with the remainder of the program, the singing of hymns and a reading from the Bible. Lasting from one-half to threequarters of an hour, Collection normally includes an address; but this is varied by the occasional introduction of musical, dramatic, and other pro­ grams. St u d e n t W elfa re Health The college physician holds daily office hours at the college, where stu­ dents may consult him without charge. A student must report any illness to the college physician, but is free to go for treatment to another doctor if he prefers to do so. At the timp of admission each student must present a brief medical his­ tory and health certificate, prepared by the family physician on a form supplied by the college. Pertinent information about such matters as physical reserve, unusual medical episodes, severe allergies, or psychiatric disturbances will be especially valuable to the college Health Service. All new students must have been successfully vaccinated against smallpox within five years, in accordance with Pennsylvania State law. The college physician gives physical examinations to all students at the beginning of each year. There is close cooperation with the Departments of Physical Education. Recommendations for limited activity are made for those students with physical handicaps. In some cases a student may be excused entirely from the requirements of the Physical Education Depart­ ments. The college health program includes an annual chest x-ray which is com­ pulsory for all students. Should the student fail to meet his x-ray appoint­ ment, he is required to have one taken at his own expense. There are two infirmaries, one for men and one for women. The in­ firmary for men is in Section F of Wharton Hall; the women’s infirmary is at the east end of Parrish Hall. A registered nurse is in charge of each, under the direction of the college physician. Each student is allowed ten days care in the infirmaries per term without charge unless the services of a special nurse are required. After ten days, a charge of $2.00 per day is made. Students suffering from a communicable disease or from illness which make it necessary for them to remain in bed, must stay in the infirmary for the period of their illness. A charge is made for special expensive medicines and certain immunization procedures, but ordinary medicines are furnished without cost. 47 The medical and infirmary facilities of the college are available to students injured in athletic activities or otherwise, but the college cannot assume ad­ ditional financial responsibility for medical and surgical expenses arising from accidents. Accident insurance coverage is, therefore, required for all students participating in athletics and is recommended for all others. (For details see p. 32.) The college psychiatric consultants hold office hours by appointment each week. A student may have from one to three interviews. The purpose of this service is to be of help in all types of emotional problems. Vocational Advising The college provides vocational information and advice to assist students in their choice of a career. Conferences and field trips are planned periodi­ cally and interviews are arranged with prospective employers. Help is offered to students in finding employment. In addition, summer work is planned to give students job experience in various fields. A lum ni Office The Alumni Office keeps records of the addresses of all living graduates and alumni of the college. It helps edit the Swarthmore alumni magazine, and acts as liaison for the college with all alumni and alumni groups, inter­ preting to them the present plans and policies of the college. News Office The News Office does a two-fold job. It helps prepare the several pub­ lications put out by the college known as Swarthmore College Bulletins. These include the alumni magazine, the President’s Report, the Catalogue, the Student Handbook, the Viewbook, and other miscellaneous issues. In addition to this, the News Office, through the largely student operated News Bureau, works with the press and other communications media in pub­ licizing news that is of interest to the general public. Student Advising The Deans and their assistants hold the primary responsibility for advising all students. However, there are many other advisers available to each student. Each freshman is assigned to a faculty member who acts as his course adviser until this responsibility falls to the chairman of the student’s major department at the end of his sophomore year. Faculty members have also been appointed as advisers for each of the men’s varsity athletic teams. They work closely with the team, attending practice as well as all home and away games. 48 A number of junior and senior students, selected with the approval of the faculty, serve as assistants to the faculty course advisers in helping freshmen with their adjustment to the academic program. Members of the senior honorary societies, Book and Key and Mortar Board, cooperate with proctors, student advisers, and representatives of other student organizations in helping the Deans with the placement program conducted during freshman week. A group of upperclass women, under the direction of the ^JFomen’s Student Government Association, serve as coun­ selors for all freshman women, several counselors being assigned to each freshman hall. There are also student proctors in each of the men’s dorm­ itory sections. Special problems may be referred by the Deans to the college physician or to the consulting psychiatrists. T h e St u d e n t C o m m u n i t y Student Conduct In general the association of men and women in academic work and social life is to be governed by good taste and accepted practice rather than by elaborate rules. The Society of Friends has historically been conservative in social matters, and its influence within the college community is one of the important factors in making Swarthmore what it is. Certain rules, however, are of sufficient importance to deserve attention here: 1. The possession and use of liquor on the campus is forbidden, as is drunken conduct. 2. No undergraduate may maintain an automobile while enrolled at the College without special permission. The administration of this rule is in the hands of a Student-Faculty committee, which authorizes cars for the use of student organizations, and in some cases for special needs such as jobs de­ pendent upon cars. Day students may use cars for commuting to College, but special arrangements for stickers must be made for campus parking. More detailed information may be had from the Office of the Deans. 3. It is college policy to discourage premature marriages by ruling that if two undergraduates marry, only one may remain in college. Some exceptions have been provided in the case of veterans and upperclass students and information about them may -be obtained from the Office of the Deans. College rules which affect the entire college community are discussed and formulated by the Student Affairs Committee, which is composed of mem­ bers of the college administration, faculty, and student body. This com­ mittee delegates to student government agencies as much authority in the administration of rules as they responsibly accept. 49 Student Council The semi-annually elected Student Council represents the entire under­ graduate community and is the chief body of student government. Its efforts are directed toward the coordination of student activities and the expression of student opinion in matters of college policy. Committees of the Council include the Budget Committee, which regulates distribution of funds to student groups; the Community Service Committee, which administers welfare projects; the Elections Committee, which super­ vises procedure in campus elections; and the Social Committee, see below. The Curriculum Committee cooperates with a similar committee of the faculty in the discussion of matters relating to the academic program of the college. In addition to these, there are several joint Faculty-Student Com­ mittees, whose student membership is appointed by the Council: Collection, Cooper Foundation, Motion Pictures, Men’s Athletics and Student Affairs. Men’s Student Government The men students of the college are represented by the Men’s Executive Committee, a group elected to take responsibility for specified problems which have to do primarily with dormitory life. The Men’s Judiciary Committee, selected by the Men’s Executive Committee, has jurisdiction over cases where male undergraduates have violated college rules in the dormi­ tories or on the campus, with the exception of the fraternity lodges. The fraternities have established a Fraternity Judiciary Committee to enforce col­ lege rules as they pertain to fraternities and fraternity lodges. W omen’s Student Government All women students are members of the Women’s Student Government Association, headed by an Executive Board elected to promote a great variety of women’s interests. This board includes the officers of the Association, the hall presidents and the chairmen of certain important committees: Con­ duct, which maintains social regulations; Vocational, which assists the women’s Vocational Director; Somerville, which arranges the program for Somerville Day, on which alumnae are invited to return to the College, and fosters student-alumnae relationships. Social Committee An extensive program of social activities is managed by the Social Com­ mittee appointed by the Student Council. The program is designed to appeal to a wide variety of interests, and is open to all students. At no time is there any charge for college social functions. Extra-Curricular Activities In addition to the foregoing organizations, Swarthmore students have an opportunity to participate in a program of extra-curricular activities wide 50 enough to meet every kind of interest. No credit is given for work in such varied fields as sculpture, play-writing, publishing the college newspaper or playing the cello in the orchestra. However, the college encourages a stu­ dent to participate in whatever activity best fits his personal talents and inclinations, believing that satisfactory avocations are a necessary part of life for the well-rounded individual. In music, Professor Sorber of the Department of Modem Languages, is supervisor of the extra-curricular musical activities. The college chorus is led by Professor Swing, and the college orchestra by Professor Reese. There are chamber music groups, madrigal groups, and public performances of the musical works of students in composition. There is an excellent college record collection, there are facilities for private practice, and there are stu­ dent tickets for the Philadelphia Orchestra. The Cooper Foundation presents a distinguished group of concerts each year. There are faculty advisers or special instructors for the Little Theatre Club, Print Club, the Camera Club, the Sculpture Group, the drawing and painting groups, the creative writers, and the modern dancers. Many other student groups for the discussion of public affairs, the integration of the sciences, the presentation of student radio programs, and the editing of col­ lege publications, conduct their own affairs with occasional advice from the faculty. A handbook describing more fully all these activities and many others, written by the students themselves, can be had upon request from the Office of the Deans. 51 General Statement Swarthmore College offers the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the degree of Bachelor of Science. The latter is given only in the Division of Engineer­ ing; the former, in the Divisions of the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.* Eight semesters of resident study, which are normally completed in four years, lead to a Bachelor’s degree. The selection of a program will depend upon the student’s interests and vocational plans. Programs in engineering, pre-medical courses, and chemistry, for example, are the usual preparation for professional work in these fields. Students planning a career in law, business, or government serv­ ice find majors in the humanities or social sciences of great value. The purpose of a liberal education, however, is not primarily to provide vocational instruction, even though it provides the best foundation for one’s future vocation. Its purpose is to help students fulfill their responsibilities as citizens and grow into cultivated and well rounded individuals. A liberal education is concerned with our cultural inheritance, the world of thought, and the development of aesthetic, moral, and spiritual values. It is necessary for most students to concern themselves with the problem of making a living. But this concern should not lead them to a specializa­ tion that is too early and too narrow. They still have need of broadening the scope of their experience. Particular skills may afford readier access to routine employment, but positions of greater responsibility will be occupied by those who are equipped to think their way through new problems and to conceive of their functions in a larger context of time and place. Liberal education and vocational training may be the joint products of a common process, and the courses here offered should be selected with this large purpose. For this reason, all students, during the first half of their college program, are expected to complete the general college requirements, to choose their major and minor subjects, and to prepare for advanced work in these sub­ jects by taking certain prerequisites. Five full courses or their equivalent in half courses constitute the normal program for each of the first two years. Each course represents from eight to twelve hours of work a week including class meetings, laboratory periods and individual preparation. The program for upper class students affords a choice between two meth­ ods of study: Honors Work, leading to a degree with Honors, and General Courses. An Honors student concentrates on three related subjects which he studies by the seminar method. At the end of his senior year he must take a • For groupings of departments, see page 18. 54 battery of eight examinations on the work of his seminars, set by outside examiners. (The system will be explained more fully below.) A student in general courses has a somewhat wider freedom of election and takes four full courses or their equivalent in each of the last two years. At the end of his senior year he is required to pass a comprehensive examina­ tion given by his major department. The program for engineering students follows a similar basic plan, with certain variations which are explained on page 87. Courses outside the technical fields are spread over all four years. In addition to scholastic requirements for graduation, all students must meet certain standards of participation in Physical Education as set forth in the statement of those departments (see pp. 132-133) and must attend the Collection exercises of the college (see p. 47). The course advisers of freshmen and sophomores are members of the faculty appointed by the Deans. They are assisted by a number of student advisers. For juniors and seniors the advisers are the chairmen of their major departments or their representatives. Program for Freshmen and Sophomores The curriculum for the first two years is designed primarily to contribute to a student’s general education by giving him an introduction to the methods of thinking and the content of knowledge in a variety of fields important to a liberal education. 1. The traditional humanistic studies—those studies through which man learns to understand himself and his relationship to his fellows as indi­ viduals, and the enduring values in human experience. 2. The social sciences—those studies through which man learns to under­ stand the nature of organized society, past and present, and his relationship to it. 3. The natural sciences—those studies through which man learns to understand his physical environment, both organic and inorganic, outside of his own individual and social being. Each student shall meet the following general requirements, ordinarily during the first two years: 1. A year-course to be chosen from Astronomy 1-2, Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Physics 1-2, Mathematics 1-2, and Mathematics 3-4. 2. Two year-courses to be chosen from Economics 1-2, History 1-2, and Political Science 1-2. For students in the Divisions of Engineering and of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences the requirement shall consist of one year-course. 55 3. For students in the Humanities and Social Science divisions, four half­ courses in four different departments, to be chosen as follows: One half-course in literature (English or foreign), One half-course in Fine Arts, Music, or Religion, Two half-courses in History, Philosophy, or Psychology. For students in the Engineering and Natural Science divisions, four half­ courses in at least two departments: Two half-courses to be chosen from literature (English or foreign), Fine Arts, Music, or Religion. Two half-courses to be chosen from History, Philosophy, or Psychology. History can be used as an option here only by students in any division who have not chosen History 1-2 to satisfy requirement 2 above. Pre-medical students with a major in the Humanities or the Social Sciences may substitute a second half-course in literature for the second requirement above in order to satisfy medical school requirements. 4. All students except those majoring in engineering must include in their program sufficient work in a modern or classical language to complete course 4 or its equivalent. This may be met in whole or in part by sec­ ondary school preparation as measured by the appropriate achievement test of the College Entrance Examination Board. Students entering college with special preparation in any one of these subjects may apply for exemption. In addition to the requirements listed above, prerequisites must be com­ pleted for the work of the last two years in major and minor subjects, and sufficient additional electives must be taken to make up ten full courses. It is expected that, after completion of the minimum courses in the gen­ eral program of the first two years, the student will devote the remainder of his sophomore year to preparing himself for more advanced study of those subjects which have most interested him and to other courses which will increase the range of his knowledge. He should decide, as early in his sophomore year as possible, upon two or three subjects in which he might like to major and should consult the statements of the departments concerned as to required and recommended courses and supporting subjects. In most cases he is advised to take not more than one semester of work in any sub­ ject beyond the first course. The requirement in foreign language (either classical or modern) is such that an exceptionally well prepared freshman may demonstrate his completion of it before entering college by his rating in an Achievement Test given by the College Entrance Examination Board. The results of the tests indicate, however, that most students need to devote from one to four terms to further language study. The desired standard is normally met on 56 the basis of four years’ work in high school, or of three or two years’ work in high school followed by one or two terms in college. If a student fulfills the requirement with a language which he begins in college, he will need to study it for four terms. If he fulfills it with a language begun elsewhere, his progress toward the degree of competence demanded is measured by a placement test. This may be one of the achievement tests of the College Entrance Examination Board which he has taken as a re­ quirement for admission. Additional placement tests are given when neces­ sary by the Swarthmore departments of language. Physical education is required of all students (except veterans) in the first two years. The requirements are stated in full on p. 61 and in the state­ ments of the departments of Physical Education. Program for Juniors and Seniors W o r k in C ourse The work of juniors and seniors in Course includes some intensive, specialized study within a general area of interest. This comprises enough work in a single department (designated as a "major” ) to make an equiva­ lent of four full courses. Work taken during the first two years may be counted toward fulfillment of the major requirements but not more than six full courses or twelve half courses may be taken in the major field. Before graduation the student must pass a comprehensive examination in his major subject. A student must choose his major subject at the end of the sophomore year, and apply formally through the Registrar to be accepted by the division concerned. The decision will be based on an estimate of his ability in his major subject as well as on his record. If a student does not secure di­ visional approval, he cannot be admitted to the junior class. A student’s course adviser during his junior and senior years is the chairman of his major department (or a member of the department desig­ nated by the chairman) whose approval he must secure for his choice of courses each semester. In addition to major and recommended supporting subjects, juniors and seniors usually have room for at least one elective a year. The completion of eighteen full courses, or equivalent, with a minimum average of C, normally constitutes the course requirement for a degree. Under certain circumstances this may be reduced to seventeen. A student may carry extra work after the freshman year with the approval of his course adviser and of the Committee on Academic Requirements, provided that his record in the previous year has been satisfactory. The faculty may award the bachelor’s degree with Distinction to students who have done distinguished work in the course program. 57 R e a d in g f o r H o n o r s The Honors Program, initiated in 1922 by President Frank Aydelotte, is a distinctive part of Swarthmore’s educational life. It seeks to free from the limitations of classroom routine those students whose maturity, interest, and capacity suit them for independent work. While the program is designedly flexible and responsive to new needs, it has been characterized from the be­ ginning by three basic elements, which taken together may be said to be the essence of the system. (1) Honors work involves a concentration of the student’s attention during his last two years upon a limited and integrated field of studies. He pursues only two subjects during a semester, thereby avoiding the fragmentation of interest that may result from a program of four or more courses with their daily assignments and frequent examinations. The content of the subject matter field is correspondingly broader, permitting a wide range of reading and investigation and demanding of the student correlations of an independ­ ent and searching nature. (2) Honors work frees the student from periodic examinations, since his thinking is under continual scrutiny by his classmates and instructors. By this program he undertakes to subject himself at the end of two years of Honors work to examinations in all of the eight fields studied. In these he is expected to demonstrate his competence in a field of knowledge rather than simply his mastery of those facts and interpretations which his instructor has seen fit to present. These examinations, consisting of a three-hour paper in each field, are set by examiners from other institutions who read the papers and then come to the campus to conduct an oral examination of each student, in order to clarify and enlarge the basis of their judgment of his command of his material. (3) Honors work is customarily carried on in seminars of seven students or less or in independent projects leading to a thesis. Seminars meet once a week, in many cases in the home of the instructor, for sessions lasting three hours or more. The exact technique of the seminar varies with the subject matter, but its essence is a cooperative search for truth, whether it be by papers, discussion, or laboratory experiment. Each student has an equal responsibility for the assimilation of the whole of the material and is cor­ respondingly searching in his scrutiny of ideas presented by his fellows or by his instructor. The student is expected to devote half of his working time during a semester to each of his fields of study. In practice three avenues toward an Honors degree are open: (1) The standard program consists of eight subjects studied during the last four semesters leading to examinations by the visiting examiners. In the Divisions of the Natural Sciences and of Engineering, where there is a heavy burden of prerequisite courses, the student may offer as few as six 58 fields for examination, subject to the approval of the division. The Divisions of the Humanities and of the Social Sciences allow seven examinations in­ stead of eight only in cases of clear hardship (as in the case of some transfer students); they do not allow such remission in order to permit the student to pursue work of elementary or intermediate level in Course or to accommo­ date some unrelated subject in his program. (2) Students who have a special reason to study for one or two semesters abroad or in another American institution must take the normal number of examinations prescribed by their division. Such programs must be worked out in advance, since it may not be possible to provide visiting examiners for work offered elsewhere and since instruction in some fields of the stu­ dent’s choice may not be available in the other institution. In general the student following this avenue to an Honors degree must weigh carefully the advantage of working independently or under tutorial guidance against the loss he incurs by missing both the stimulus and the criticism provided by his fellows in seminar. (3) Students who at the end of the sophomore year did not elect or were not permitted to read for Honors, but whose work has subsequently shown distinction may be encouraged to take the regular Honors examinations so that they may receive the degree of Honors recommended by the visiting examiners. They shall receive no remission of the number of examinations by reason of their preparation in Course but shall be subject to the regulations governing Honors programs of the division concerned. Such students must before the end of the seventh semester petition the division for permission to take the Honors examinations and must submit an acceptable list of ex­ aminations which they are prepared to take. The normal pattern in Honors programs is four seminars (or examina­ tions) in the major department and two in each of two minor departments. No student is allowed more than four seminars in his major; in those cases where he offers three seminars in each of two fields, one must be desig­ nated as his major. W hile there is a general belief that two seminars in a minor field are desirable because of the mutual1reinforcement they provide, there are by custom certain seminars which are allowed to stand alone. Thus there is a considerable flexibility in Honors programs, each being subject to the scrutiny of the departments and divisions in which the work is done. A candidate for admission to Honors should consult the chairmen of his prospective major and minor departments during the second semester of his sophomore year and work out a program for the junior and senior years. This proposed program must be filed in the office of the Registrar, who will forward it to the divisions concerned. The acceptance of the candidate by the divisions depends in part upon the quality of his previous work as in­ dicated by the grades he has received but mainly upon his apparent capacity 59 for assuming the responsibility of Honors work. The names of the accepted candidates are announced later in the spring. The major department is re­ sponsible for the original plan of work and for keeping in touch with the candidate’s progress from semester to semester. The division is responsible for approval of the original program and of any later changes in that pro­ gram. At the end of the junior year Honors students are required to take the Honors examinations set at that time for the fields they have studied. These trial papers, however, are read by their instructors, not by the visiting ex­ aminers. On the basis of the showing made in these examinations, the student may be advised or even required to return to Course, or he may be warned that he continues in Honors at his own risk. Those students who return to Course under these circumstances or for other reasons will receive grades for the work they have done while reading for Honors, but in no case without taking examinations over the fields covered. At the end of the senior year the reading of the examinations and the decision of the degree of Honors to be awarded the candidates is entirely in the hands of the visiting examiners. Upon their recommendation, success­ ful candidates are awarded the Bachelor’s Degree with Honors, with High Honors, or with Highest Honors. When the work of a candidate does not in the opinion of the examiners merit Honors of any grade, his papers are returned to his instructors, who decide, under rules of the Faculty, whether he shall be given a degree in Course. P r e -M edical P rogram Problems unique to the pre-medical student are referred to the Com­ mittee on the Pre-Medical Program. Information and advice on general requirements and on the special requirements of specific medical schools may be obtained by either the student or his adviser from this committee. In addition, it is a function of the committee to prepare a statement of evalua­ tion and its recommendation to each medical school to which the student may apply, basing this statement on all information available to it, including the student’s record and faculty evaluations. In conference with the student, the course adviser maps out a program based on requirements listed below, the college’s general requirements, and the particular needs and interests of the student. Beyond these considera­ tions the need for understanding basic social problems, the cultivation of sensitiveness to cultural values, and the value of intensive work in at least one field is kept in mind in mapping an individual program. The following courses are among the minimum requirements of most medical schools: Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Chemistry 25 or 28-29 (some medical schools require a year course in organic chemistry), Mathematics 60 1-2 or 3-4, Physics 1-2, English (two semester courses). The foreign lan­ guage requirements of medical schools are automatically met when the stu­ dent has satisfied the college language requirement, which includes language course 4 or its equivalent. In addition, some medical schools require quanti­ tative analysis (Chemistry 26) or comparative anatomy (Zoology 11). Ad­ vanced work in biology, chemistry and mathematics is recommended where the student’s program and interests permit. The student is urged to famil­ iarize himself with the specific requirements of those medical schools in which he is interested in planning his program. The work of the junior and senior year may be done either in the honors program or in course. Intensive work of the major may be carried out in any department of the student’s choice, or major requirements may be met by completing three full courses in each of two related departments in the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences. In the latter case the comprehensive examination will be jointly arranged by the departments concerned. Although some students have been admitted to medical schools upon the completion of three years of college work, most medical schools strongly advise completion of four years of college, and in practice admit very few with less. Faculty Regulations Attendance at C lasses and C o l l e c t io n Members of the faculty will hold students responsible for regular at­ tendance at classes and will report to the Deans the name of any student whose repeated absence is in their opinion impairing the student’s work. The number of cuts allowed in a given course is not specified, a fact which places a heavy responsibility on all students to make sure that their work is not suffering as a result of absences. Since freshmen must exercise par­ ticular care in this respect and since the faculty recognizes its greater re­ sponsibility toward freshmen in the matter of class attendance, it is expected that freshmen, especially, will attend all their classes. When illness necessitates absence from classes the student should report at once to the nurses or to the college physician. The last meeting before vacation and the first meeting after vacation in each course must be attended. The minimum penalty for violation of this rule is probation. Absences from Collection are acted upon by the Deans as instructed by the faculty. All students are allowed two absences from Collection each term. 61 G rades Instructors report to the Deans’ office at intervals during the year upon the work of students in courses. Informal reports during the semester take the form of comments on unsatisfactory work. At the end of each semester formal grades are given in each course under the letter system, by which A means excellent work, B good work, C fair work, D poor work, and E failure. W signifies that the student has been permitted to withdraw from the course by the Committee on Academic Requirements. X desig­ nates a condition; this means that a student has done unsatisfactory work in the first half of a year course, but by creditable work during the second half may earn a passing grade for the full course and thereby remove his con­ dition. Inc. means that a student’s work is incomplete with respect to specific assignments or examinations. The Faculty has voted that the grade given in a course should incorporate a zero for any part of the course not com­ pleted by the date of the final examination. The grade Incomplete should be given only after consultation with the Registrar and only in cases in which it can be shown that illness, military service, or the like made it impossible for the student to complete his work before the deadline, or in cases in which the instructor wishes to insist on the completion of the work before giving a grade with penalties. If an Inc. is received, it must normally be made up in the term immediately following that in which it was incurred. A date is set at the end of the first six weeks of each term when make-up examinations must be taken and late papers submitted. Under special cir­ cumstances involving the use of laboratories or attendance at courses not im­ mediately available, a student must secure permission to extend the time for making up an incomplete until the second term following. This permission must be given in writing and filed in the Office of the Registrar. Any not made up within a year from the time it was imposed shall be recorded as E, a failure which cannot be made up. Reports are sent to parents and to students at the end of each semester. For graduation in general courses, a C average is required; for graduation in honors work, the recommendation of the visiting examiners. E x tr a or F e w e r C ourses A regular student is expected to take the prescribed number of courses in each semester. If more or fewer courses seem desirable, he should con­ sult his course adviser and file a petition with the Committee on Academic Requirements. A student who wishes to take fewer than the normal number of courses should register for the regular program and file a petition to drop one or more courses. Applications involving late entrance into a course must be received within the first two weeks of the semester. Applications involving withdrawal from a course must be received not later than the middle of the semester. 62 Examinations Any student who is absent from an examination, announcement of which was made in advance, shall be given an examination at another hour only by special arrangement with the instructor in charge of the course. No examination in absentia shall be permitted. This rule shall be in­ terpreted to mean that instructors shall give examinations only at the college and under direct departmental supervision. S u m m e r Sc h o o l W o r k Students desiring to transfer credit from a summer school are required to obtain the endorsement of the chairman of the department concerned before entering upon the work, and after completing the work are required to pass an examination set by the Swarthmore department. P hysical E d u c a t io n Physical education is required of all women and non-veteran men in the freshman and sophomore years, unless an excuse is granted by the college physician. A minimum of three periods per week shall be required. If any semester’s work of the first two years is failed, it shall be repeated in the junior year. No student shall be permitted to enter his senior year with a deficiency in physical education. E x c l u sio n fr o m C o lleg e The college reserves the right to exclude at any time students whose con­ duct or academic standing it regards as undesirable, and without assigning any further reason therefor; in such cases fees will not be refunded or remitted, in whole or in part, and neither the college nor any of its officers shall be under any liability whatsoever for such exclusion. 63 Requirements for Graduation Ba c h e l o r of A rts and Ba c h e l o r of Sc ie n c e The degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science are conferred upon students who have met the following requirements for graduation: 1. The candidate must have completed eighteen full courses or ten courses and eight seminars with an average grade of C. 2. He must have complied with the course requirements for the first two years. 3. He must have met the requirements in the major and supporting fields during the last two years. 4. He must have passed satisfactorily the comprehensive examinations in his major field or met the standards set by visiting examiners for a degree with honors. 5. He must have completed four terms of study at Swarthmore College, two of which have been those of the senior year. 6. He must have completed the physical education requirements set forth on page 61 and in the statements of the Physical Education Departments. 7. He must have attended the Collection exercises of the College in accord­ ance with the regulations (see page 47). 8. He must have paid all outstanding bills and returned all equipment and library books. Advanced Degrees M aster of A rts and M aster of Sc ie n c e The degree of Master of Arts or Master of Science may be conferred subject to the following requirements: Only students who have completed the work for the Bachelor’s degree with some distinction, either at Swarthmore or at another institution of satisfactory standing, shall be admitted as candidates for the Master’s degree at Swarthmore. The candidate’s record and a detailed program setting forth the aim of the work to be pursued shall be submitted, with a recommendation from the ■department or departments concerned, to the Committee on the Master’s Degree. If accepted by the Committee, the candidate’s name shall be re­ ported to the faculty at or before the first faculty meeting of the year in which the candiate is to begin his work. 64 M artin Biological Laboratory Trotter Hall The requirements for the Master’s degree shall include the equivalent of a full year’s work of graduate character. This work may be done in courses, seminars, reading courses, regular conferences with members of the faculty, or research. The work may be done in one department or in two related departments. The catalogue statements of departments which offer graduate work indicate the courses or seminars which may be taken for this purpose. A candidate for the Master’s degree shall be required to pass an examina­ tion conducted by the department or departments in which his work was done. He shall be examined by outside examiners, provided that, where this procedure is not practicable, exceptions may be made by the Committee on the Master s Degree. The department or departments concerned, on the basis of the reports of the outside examiners, together with the reports of the student’s resident instructors, shall make recommendations to the faculty for the award of the degree. At the option of the department or departments concerned, a thesis may be required as part of the work for the degree. A candidate for the Master’s degree will be expected to show before ad­ mission to candidacy a competence in those languages deemed by his depart­ ment or departments most essential for his field of research. Detailed language requirements will be indicated in the announcements of departments which admit candidates for the degree. The tuition fee for graduate students who are candidates for the Master’s degree is $600 per year, and the general fee for these students is $25 per semester. r A dvanced E n g in e e r in g D egrees The advanced degrees of Mechanical Engineer (M.E.), Electrical Engineer (E.E.), and Civil Engineer (C.E.), may be obtained by graduates who have received their Bachelor’s degree in Engineering upon fulfilling the requirements given below: 1. The candidate must have been engaged in engineering work for five years since receiving his first degree. 2; He must have had charge of engineering work and must be in a position of responsibility and trust at the time of application. 3. He must make application and submit an outline of the thesis he ex­ pects to present, one full year before the advanced degree is to be conferred. 4. The thesis must be submitted for approval one calendar month before the time of granting the degree. 5. Every candidate shall pay a registration fee of $5 and an additional fee of $20 when the degree is conferred. 65 Awards and Prizes “The J o h n W . N a so n A w ard , a gift of a friend of the College in honor of the Eighth President, is presented, normally at Commencement, to one or more members of the total staff of the College, or to members of their fam­ ilies, who have made a distinctive contribution, beyond the scope of their normal duties, to the life of the College community. The Award is made by the Instruction and Libraries Committee of the Board of Managers upon the advice of the President of the College and consists of a formal citation and a monetary award of $1,000. The I vy A w ard F u n d was created by a gift from Owen Moon, ’94. The income of the fund is placed in the hands of the faculty for award on Com­ mencement Day to a male member of the graduating class. The qualifica­ tions for the Ivy Award are similar to those for the Rhodes Scholarships and include (a) qualities of manhood, force of character, and leadership; (b) literary and scholastic ability and attainments. These have been phrased by the donor in the words "leadership based upon character and scholarship.” The O a k L ea f A w ard was established by David Dwight Rowlands of the Class of 1909. It was later permanently endowed in memory of him by Hazel C. Rowlands, ’07, and Caroline A. Lukens, ’98. The award is made by the faculty each year to the woman member of the Senior Class who is outstanding for loyalty, scholarship and service. The M c C abe E n g in e e r in g A w ard , founded by Thomas B. McCabe, ) js to be presented each year to the outstanding engineering student in the Senior Class. The recipient is chosen by a committee of the faculty of the division of Engineering. 1915 The C r a n e P r iz e , a memorial to Charles E. Crane, Jr., of the Class of 1936, is an award of about $20, given for the purchase of philosophical books, and presented annually to the junior who, in the opinion of the department, has done the best work in Philosophy and Psychology. The A. E dw ard N e w t o n L ibrary P rize of $50, endowed by A. Edward Newton, to mak*» permanent the Library Prize first established by W . W. Thayer, is awarded annually to that undergraduate who, in the opinion of the Committee of Award, shows the best and most intelligently chosen col­ lection of books upon any subject. Particular emphasis is laid in the award not merely upon the size of the collection but also upon the skill with which the books are selected and upon the owner’s knowledge of their subjectmatter. The K a t h e r in e B. Sicard P rize of $5, endowed by the Delta Gamma Fraternity in memory of Katherine B. Sicard, 34, is awarded annually to the freshman woman who, in the opinion of the department, shows great­ est proficiency in English. 66 P ublic Spe a k in g C o n t e st s . Prizes for annual contests in public speak­ ing are provided as follows: The E l l a F r a n c es B u n t in g E x tem po ra ry Sp e a k in g F u n d awards prizes totaling $45 for the best extemporaneous short speeches. The O w e n M o o n F u n d provides the Delta Upsilon Speaking Contest prizes totalling $25 for the best prepared speeches on topics of current interest. The W illia m P l u m m e r P o t t e r P u b lic Sp e a k in g F u n d was estab­ lished in 1907. The income of the fund is used to sponsor three different annual contests: (1) the Potter Public Speaking Contest prizes totalling $100.00, (2) the Potter Poetry Contest, $50.00, (3) the One-Act Play Con­ test, $50.00. The Potter Fund has also been used to establish a collection of dramatic and poetic records. The Lois M o r r ell P o etry A w ard , given by her parents in memory of Lois Morrell of the Class of 1946, goes to that student who, in the opinion of the faculty, submits the best original poem in the annual competition for the award. The award, consisting of $100, is made in the spring of the year. All entries should be submitted by April 1. The J o h n R ussell H ayes P o etry P rizes , of approximately $25 for a first prize and $15 for a second prize, are offered for the best original poem or for a translation from any language. Manuscripts should be ready by April 1 of each year. Fellow ships Three fellowships are awarded annually by the faculty, on recommendation of the Committee on Fellowships, to graduates of the college for the pursuit of advanced work under the direction of the faculty or with their approval. Applications for fellowships must be in the hands of the committee by April 15. Applicants for any one of these fellowships will be considered for the others as well. These three fellowships are: The H a n n a h A. L eed o m F e l l o w sh ip of $500, founded by the bequest of Hannah A. Leedom. The J o sh u a L ip p in c o t t F e l l o w sh ip of $600, founded by Howard W. Lippincott, of the Class of 1875, in memory of his father. The J o h n L o ck w o o d M em o ria l F el l o w sh ip of $600, founded by the bequest of Lydia A. Lockwood, New York, in memory of her brother, John Lockwood. It was the wish of the donor that the fellowship be awarded to a member of the Society of Friends. 67 Four other fellowships are open to graduates of Swarthmore College under the conditions described below: The L ucretia M o t t F e l l o w sh ip , founded by the Somerville Literary Society and sustained by the contribution of its life members, has yielded an annual income since its foundation of $525. It is awarded each year by a committee of the faculty (selected by the society), with the concur­ rence of the life members of the society, to a young woman graduate of that year who is to pursue advanced study at some other institution approved by this committee. The M a r t h a E. T y so n F e l l o w sh ip , founded by the Somerville Literary Society in 1913, is sustained by the contributions of life members of the society and yields an income of $500 or more. It is awarded biennially by a joint committee of the faculty and the society (elected by the society) with the concurrence of the life members of the society to a woman graduate of Swarthmore College, who has entered or plans to enter elementary or secondary school work. The recipient of the award is to pursue a course of study fitting her for more efficient work in an institution approved by the Committee of Award. Sig m a X i R esearch F e l l o w sh ip . The Swarthmore Chapter of Sigma Xi appoints, from time to time, as funds are available, Fellows with re­ search grants with a maximum value of $1,000. The holders of this fellow­ ship are usually associates of the chapter who have shown conspicuous ability in graduate studies. The purpose of the chapter in awarding these fellow­ ships is to relieve worthy students from teaching and other distracting duties so that they may concentrate as much as possible upon their research. Applications for these fellowships should be made to the secretary of the chapter not later than the middle of March. Appointments will be an­ nounced about the middle of April. The P h i B eta K a p pa F e l l o w sh ip of $150, founded by the Swarthmore Chapter of the national honor fraternity, is awarded each year at the dis­ cretion of the Committee on Fellowships on the basis of intellectual distinc­ tion to a member of the senior class who proposes to pursue graduate study and scholarly work. 68 C ourses N u m b e r in g of of I nstruction C ourses and Sem in ars A system of uniform numbering is used in all departments. numbered as follows: 1 to Courses are 9—introductory courses 11 to 49— other courses open to students of all classes 51 to 69—advanced courses limited to juniors and seniors 101 to 199—seminars for honors students and graduate students Full courses the numbers of which are joined by a hyphen (e. g., 1-2) must be continued for the entire year; credit is not given for the first semester’s work only. Astronomy P r o fe sso r : P e t e r Instructor and K a m p , Chairman and Director of Sprout Observatory v a n de R esearch A ssocia te : A r n e A . W y ller R esearch A ssocia te : Sarah L. L ip p in c o t t R esearch A ssista n t : L a u r e n c e W . F redrick Astronomy deals with the nature of the universe about us and the methods employed to discover the laws underlying the observed phenomena. The elementary courses present the problems in broad outlines and trace the growth of our knowledge of the facts and the development of more comprehensive theories. The advanced courses con­ sider some of these problems in detail; the order in which they may be taken depends upon the extent of the student’s mastery of mathematics and physics. The principal instrument of the Sproul Observatory is the twenty-four-inch visual refractor of thirty-six-foot focal length, used almost exclusively for photography. The instrument has been in continuous operation since 1912 and provides a valuable and steadily expanding collection of photographs. A number of measuring and calculating machines are available for the measurement and reduction of the photographs. The principal program of the Observatory is an accurate study of the distances, motions and masses of the nearer stellar systems. Advanced study in conjunction with the research program of the Observatory may be arranged in consultation with the Director of the Sproul Observatory. The Students Observatory contains a six-inch visual refractor, a nine-inch photographic telescope, and a transit instrument. The Sproul Observatory is open to visitors on the second and fourth Tuesday nights of each month, except those Tuesday nights that fall in a vaca­ tion period. Visitors thus have an opportunity of seeing, in the course of a year, many celestial objects of various types. 1-2. D escriptive A stronomy . Mr. van de Kamp. Full Course These courses provide an introduction to the methods and results of astronomy. Fundamental notions of physics are studied as they are needed to provide an adequate scientific basis for the course. These courses are prerequisite for all further work in astronomy. Three class periods each week, practical work to be arranged. 8. I ntroduction to Astronomy . Mr. Wyller. Spring Semester This course is designed to give the student an acquaintance with some of the problems in astronomy, the methods of investigation, and results obtained. Em­ phasis is placed on the overlapping of astronomy and the other sciences. Those planning to take additional work in astronomy should enroll in Astronomy 1-2. Three class periods each week. 11. D ouble Stars. Mr. van de Kamp. The two body problem. Theory and observational technique of visual, spec­ troscopic and eclipsing binaries. Special attention is given to the photographic study of both resolved and unresolved astrometric binaries. The masses of binary components and of unseen companions. Prerequisite: Mathematics 11-12. 70 12. P hotographic A strometry. Mr. van de Kamp. The long-focus refractor. Photographic technique, measurement and reduction of photographic plates. Choice of reference stars. Attainable accuracy. Appli­ cation to the problems of parallax, proper motion, mass-ratio, and perturbations. Resolved and unresolved astrometric binaries; orbital analyses. Prerequisites: Mathematics 3-4, and Astronomy 1-2. Mr. Wyller. Selected topics in atomic physics and theory of radiation with subsequent appli­ cations to the problems of absorption lines and radiative transfer in steller atmospheres. Prerequisite: Mathematics 11-12. 13. I ntroductory Astrophysics. 14. G alactic and Extragalactic Structure . Mr. van de Kamp. Spring Semester Fundamental data. Interstellar matter, nebulae, stars. Variable stars. Structure and rotation of the galactic system. Extragalactic objects. The concept of popu­ lations. Age, origin and evolution of the universe. Prerequisites: Mathematics 3-4, and Astronomy 1-2. Students who intend to pursue astronomy as a major subject in course should have Astronomy 1-2 during the freshman or sophomore year; advanced courses in Astronomy selected from the list given above, combined with work in mathematics, constitute the further requirement. H o n o r s Se m in a rs in A stro n o m y Prerequisites for admission to honors seminars in Astronomy, either as a major or as a minor, are the completion of the following courses: Mathematics 11-12, Astronomy 1-2, a course in general Physics, reading knowledge of French or German. 101. D ouble Stars. 102. P hotographic A strometry. 103. Astrophysics. 104. G alactic and Extragalactic Structure . 105. Eclipsing Binaries . 106. O ptics (I dentical w ith P hysics 101). G radua te W o r k In conformity with the general regulations for work leading to the Master’s degree (see page 62), this department offers the possibility for graduate work. Candidates for the Master’s degree will normally take four honors seminars, selected from those listed in astronomy, mathematics or physics, in consultation with the faculty member under whose direction the work is to be done. A thesis may be substituted for one of the seminars. Candidates for the Master’s degree must have a good reading knowledge of two modern languages. 71 Biology Professor: Robert K. Enders, Chairman A ssociate Professors: Launce J. Flemister L uzerne G. Livingston N orman A. M einkoth N eal A. W eber A ssistant Professor: K urt K. Bohnsack I I nstructors: Richard J. Benoit , W illiam C. D enison L ecturer : Sarah C. Flemister Through its elementary course, the Department of Biology introduces the student to a comprehensive view of those principles, problems and phenomena common to all organisms, with animals and plants interpreted on a comparative basis. The advanced courses in the Biological Sciences (except Genetics) deal specifically with plant biology (botany), or animal biology (zoology) and are listed under these respective headings. Following the broad review of the plant and animal kingdoms as given in the course in general biology, advanced work is taken up in two different ways: first, specific aspects of the broad subjects are treated in a comparative manner as in anatomy and physiology; second, broader aspects of a specific subject are treated as in entomology, parasitology, embryology, genetics and developmental plant anatomy. The structural and functional consideration is extended to include problems of interdependence of organisms in the structure and function of plant and animal societies and the influence of physical, chemical and biological factors in the survival of those societies. R equirements for M ajors nsr Course A student may major in biology, botany, or zoology. Students in course should include the following supporting subjects in their programs, in addition to the four full courses in their major subject: chemistry, including one semester in organic chemistry, one course in physics, one course in mathematics and a modern language (German preferred) through course 4. These courses are required for majors in botany or zoology. The program for biology majors may be modified, but any program must be approved in advance by the department. Biology 1-2. G eneral Biology. Staff. F u ll C o u r s e An introduction to the study of living things. A consideration of the properties of protoplasm and the structure of the cell; a brief survey of living forms, both plant and animal. The methods by which animals and plants maintain themselves, grow and reproduce, and a discussion of the mechanism of heredity. Some time will be devoted to the interrelationships of plants and animals in communities, and the place of man in the whole structure. Evidence for and against theories of evolution will be discussed. Two lectures and one discussion period, one three-hour laboratory per week. Credit is not given for a single semester of this course. t Absent on leave, 1933-56. 72 20. G bnetics . Air. Denison. Spring Semester A study of the fundamental principles of inheritance as they apply to living organisms generally. The course includes a detailed consideration of the principles of Mendelian inheritance, an analysis of the underlying chromosomal mechanisms, the gene theory, and the relationship of the principles of genetics to evolution, to plant and animal improvement, and to man. Three lectures per week, with assigned problems and laboratory and/or library projects in lieu of formally organized laboratory work. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. Botany 16. D evelopmental P lant A natomy . Air. Livingston. Alternate years, Tall Semester The fundamentals of anatomy of seed plants approached from a developmental standpoint. The structure and behavior of meristems, problems and processes of differentiation, and a detailed analysis of cellular, tissue and organ structure in higher plants. Two lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. 18. Survey o f th e P lant K ingdom . Air. Livingston, Air. Denison. Alternate years, Pall Semester A comparative study of the structure, reproduction, and life habits of the algae, fungi, mosses, and lower vascular plants from a phylogenetic viewpoint. Partic­ ular attention is given to current concepts of evolutionary relationship from the standpoints of both comparative morphology and paleobotanical evidence. Two lectures and two laboratories or field trips per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. 67. P lant P hysiology. Air. Livingston. Alternate Years, Spring Semester An integrated study of the physiological processes of higher plants, including general cellular physiology, water relations, mineral nutrition, enzyme action, photosynthesis, metabolic processes, translocation, the physiology of growth and development, and related topics. Two lectures, one discussion period, and one laboraotry period per week. Prerequisites: Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Organic Chemistry desirable. 68. Biology of Bacteria. Air. Livingston. Alternate Years, Pall Semester An approach to the study of bacteriology with principal emphasis on the con­ sideration of bacteria as organisms, rather than as causative agents of disease, etc. The morphology, physiology and biochemistry, and classification of bacteria. Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Organic Chemistry desirable. 69. T axonomy of Seed P lants . Air. Denison. Alternate years, Spring Semester A study of the classification and evolutionary relationships of seed plants, includ­ ing a detailed consideration of the characteristics of the more important families of flowering plants. A study of the methods of identification and recognition of the local flora, both native and horticultural. Two lectures and two laboratories or field trips per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. 73 H onors W ork The seminars given each year vary according to the choices of the students and the convenience of the department. 111. P lant P hysiology. Mr. Livingston. An extension of the area covered in course 67, with particular emphasis on a critical study of original sources, both classical and current. The seminar discus­ sion is accompanied by a full day of laboratory work each week. 112. P roblems of P lant G row th and D evelopment . Mr. Denison and Mr. Liv­ ingston. A correlated anatomical and physiological approach to developmental plant an­ atomy and morphogenesis. The seminar discussion is accompanied by a full day of laboratory work each week. 113. G enetics . Mr. Denison. An extension of the area covered in course 20, with particular emphasis on cur­ rent research in the field of inheritance in all its aspects. The seminar discussion is accompanied by a full day of laboratory work each week. 114. T axonomy and D istribution of F lowering P lants. Mr. Denison. An extension of the area covered in course 69, integrated with a study of plant geography and distribution. Seminar discussions and field work, supplemented by laboratory work. 115. M icrobiology. Mr. Livingston. An extension of the area covered in Course 68. Particular emphasis is placed on physiological and biochemical aspects of the subject. Some work on fungi and viruses is included. Zoology 11. Comparative V ertebrate Anatomy . Mr. Weber. Fall Semester This course normally follows General Biology. It deals with the comparative and unique aspects of the anatomy of the integument, skeleton, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive and nervous systems of the various vertebrate types. Classification, phylogeny and adaptive radiation are considered with stress placed on anatomical adaptations to the various habitats. The protochordates, lamprey, dogfish, necturus and cat are studied as representative forms in the laboratory. The course has three lecture and two laboratory meetings per week. This course is among those required by medical schools. 12. E lementary P hysiology. Mr. Flemister. Spring Semester A general consideration of the functional processes in animals with emphasis placed on mammals and other vertebrates. The aspects of adaptation of the animal to environmental stress are treated in such a way as to serve the individual student’s area of concentration. In preparation the introductory course in Biology is desirable. Two lectures, one conference and one laboratory period per week. 51. H istology. Mrs. Flemister. Fall Semester This course consists of a detailed study of the microscopic structure of vertebrate tissues, together with the functions of such tissues. In the laboratory the student examines both prepared and living material, and becomes familiar with the prin­ ciples of microtechniques. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: 1-2, 11. 74 52. Embryology. Mr. Enders or Mrs. Flemister. Spring Semester A study of development of vertebrate anatomy. The lectures are concerned with an investigation of the events which precede development, an analysis of the development processes, and a brief survey of the contributions of the field of ex­ perimental embryology. Laboratory periods are devoted to the embryology of the frog, chick and pig. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 53. Entomology . Mr. Weber. Spring Semester The study of insects and their relatives, their morphological and physiological adaptations and their effect on man. Each student will prepare a study collection from field trips. 54. Biology of P arasitism. Mr. Meinkoth. Alternate Years, Spring Semester A consideration of parasitology with reference to evolution and adaptation to the parasitic habit. Surveys are made of parasites in native animals. Classification, life cycles and epidemiology are reviewed. Prerequisite: 11 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 55. Field Z oology. Mr. Weber. Fall Semester Emphasis is on the living animals as they occur in nature, their systematics, relationships to the environment, habits and distribution. Most of the work will be done on field trips. 56. I nvertebrate Z oology. Mr. Meinkoth. Alternate Years, Fall Semester A course designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental morphology, classification, phylogeny and special problems of the invertebrate phyla. Three lectures and one laboratory per week. Occasional field trips. Prerequisite: 11 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 57. Comparative P hysiology. Mr. Flemister. Fall Semester A course of lectures and laboratory experiments treating functional processes from the standpoint of adaptation of the animal to its environment. These processes in representative animals are compared in order to follow their elabora­ tion from the more general to the more specialized. Two lectures, one conference and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: Comparative Anatomy and Organic Chemsitry. 58. P hysiological E cology. Mr. Flemister. Spring Semester A course of lectures, discussions and experiments concerning the physiological adaptations of representative animals to environmental stress. Requirements and availability of optimum conditions of temperature, oxygen, food-stuffs and the maintenance of ionic independence are critically appraised. Two lectures, one conference and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite: 57 Comparative Physiology. Offered Spring term of even years. 61. Biology for Seniors . Mr. Enders. Spring Semester A course designed to integrate the student’s knowledge in abstract sciences with living animals, both captive and wild, and to give an opportunity to work on some phase of Biology of interest to him. 63, 64. Special T opics. Staff. Full or Half Course For advanced students. Open to those who, on account of fitness, have arranged a program of special work in the department. 70-71. F undamentals of Systematics. Academy of Natural Sciences. This course presents the study of variation, speciation, and the evolution of tax­ onomic categories. It acquaints the student with the use of the methods and tech­ niques of cytology, genetics, statistics, and plant and animal distribution in solving taxonomic problems. Each student will attack an individual problem in the taxonomy of some group of plants or animals. One hour lecture, 4 hours laboratory. Saturdays 8-1. 75 H onors W ork Honors students majoring in Zoology must take four seminars in the department and a minor of two seminars in another department within the division. Some freedom is offered in the selection of the two seminars, or four half courses, which normally would fulfill a second minor. Students anticipating an honors program in Zoology must complete in the first two and a half years the following: Biology 1-2 and Zoology 11, Chemistry 1-2, Mathematics 3-4, and Physics 1-2. In addition, to qualify for minor seminars in the departments indicated, Chemistry requires Chemistry 28-29, Mathematics requires Mathematics 11-12, Physics requires Physics 11-12 and Mathematics 11-12, and Psy­ chology requires Psychology 1, and another half course. Prerequisites for students in the Honors Program with a minor in Zoology consist of three half courses in Biology and Zoology (including 1-2). In addition, 104 requires a full course in Physics and a half course in Organic Chemistry. Seminars: The following seminars prepare students for examinations for with Honors. a degree 101. Biology o f Parasitism . Mr. Meinkoth. An intensified version of course 54 with emphasis on individual student projects, and an acquaintance with both the classic problems and the current literature deal­ ing with the phenomenon of parasitism. 102. Cytology. Mrs. Flemister. A study of the structure and function of the cell. Living material will be ex­ amined and the modern microscopical techniques employed in the laboratory. 103. E mbryology. Mr. Enders. An analysis of reproduction and development. The laboratory work includes individual projects by the students, a study of developmental anatomy of the chick, pig and frog, and the observation of living material under normal and experimental conditions. 104. Comparative P hysiology. Mr. Flemister. An intensive consideration of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying the function of animals. A comparative approach is maintained in order to consider the progression from more general to the more specialized adjustments, acclimatizations and adaptations of animals to physical, chemical and biological stresses in the environment. The terminal portion of the laboratory program is devoted to the pursuit of original, independent work by the student. Prerequisites for this seminar are courses in Comparative Anatomy and Organic Chemistry. Offered in the Fall term. 106. Entomology . Mr. Weber. Following a survey of insects in general, a detailed study of one aspect of the field will be undertaken. This will involve use of a scientific library and inde­ pendent work on one topic. 107. I nvertebrate Z oology. Mr. Meinkoth. A study of the morphology, taxonomy, natural history, distribution and adapta­ tion of invertebrate phyla with special emphasis on evolutionary trends, ecological relations, and problems peculiar to each group. 110. Special T opics. The Staff. Open to students who, having satisfied all requirements, desire further work in the department. Frequently this will include acting as junior assistants in the research of staff members. 76 Chemistry P r o fesso r s : E dward H . C o x , Chairman W a lter B. K e ig h t o n , J r . A ssociate P r o fesso r s : D u n c a n G . F oster G ilb er t P. H a ig h t , J r . A ssistant P r o fe sso r : E dw ard A. F e h n e l The aim of the Department of Chemistry is to provide a sound training in the fundamental theories and basic techniques of the science rather than to deal with specialized branches of the subject. Both lecture and seminar approaches are used in presenting the subject matter. The techniques and practices of the science are dealt with during the laboratory periods. Usually the course laboratory periods last from three to four hours. The various courses and seminar offerings are designed to meet the needs of three classes of students: 1. Students with a primary interest in the humanities or social sciences, who turn to chemistry as a scientific study of general educational value. Chemistry 1, 2 offers training in the scientific approach to problems, experience with the lab­ oratory. method of investigation, and a presentation of some of the major intellec­ tual achievements of chemistry. 2. Students who seek training in chemistry as a supplement to their study of astron­ omy, botany, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, or zoology. These students should consult with their major department and with the chemistry department concerning the chemistry courses most suitable to their needs. 3. Students who consider chemistry their major interest. These students will take Chemisry 1, 2 and Mathematics 1, 2 in their freshman year; Chemistry 28 and 29, Mathematics 11, 12 and Physics 1, 2 in their sophomore year; Chemistry 26, 27 in their junior year, and Chemistry 61, 62 in their senior year. Some students interested in chemistry as a scientific study of general educational value, but with no intention of pursuing chemistry as a profession, will find these basic courses sufficient for their needs. Others, including those who expect to practice chem­ istry as a profession, will take, in addition to the above courses, Mathematics 51, 52 and Physics 11, 12 in their junior year, and in the senior year, Chemistry 56 and 65. This latter curriculum—together with the general college requirements outlined on pages 52 to 56—satisfies the minimum requirements of the American Chemical Society for professional training in chemistry. Major students are ex­ pected to have a reading knowledge of German before graduation.* * Students who have completed the foreign language requirement in another language may satisfy this requirement by taxing German 7-8. 77 1. I ntroductory Chemistry . Mr. Haight and Staff. Fall Semester A study of the central concepts and basic principles of chemistry, including atomic theory, kinetic-molecular theory, atomic structure, the kinds of chemical change and the laws governing them. The chemistry of the non-metals will be intro­ duced. No previous training in chemistry is required. Students who enter col­ lege with exceptional training in chemistry are encouraged to take a placement examination during freshman orientation week. If found to be sufficiently well prepared they may omit all or part of the introductory course. One semester. Prerequisite for all other courses in Chemistry. Three lectures or recitations and one laboratory period weekly. 2. I ntroductory C hemistry . Mr. Haight and Staff. Spring Semester This course is a continuation of Chemistry 1, with particular attention to the development and application of the principles studied in Chemistry 1. Emphasis will be laid on the use of the periodic classification of the elements and the chemistry of the elements. The laboratory will be given over to the application of the principles of chemical equilibrium to qualitative analysis. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 1. Three lectures or recitations and one laboratory period weekly. 11. E lementary P hysical Chemistry . Mr. Keighton. Fall Semester This is a one-semester course dealing with elementary kinetics, equilibrium, the chemistry of solutions and the colloidal state. This course is terminal, designed for students who are not majoring in chemistry or who do not require the more intensive study of physical chemistry provided by Chemistry 61-62. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2, Mathematics 2. Three lectures or recitations weekly. 25. O rganic Chemistry Survey. Mr. Cox. Spring Semester A one-semester survey of the field of organic chemistry with special emphasis on nomenclature, structural relationships and general reactions of the more im­ portant classes of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. No attempt is made to solve intricate problems in syntheses. This course is terminal, designed for students who are not majoring in chemistry or for students who do not require the more intensive study of organic chemistry provided by Chemistry 28-29. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2. Two lectures, one conference and one laboratory period weekly. 26. Q uantitative Analysis I. Mr. Foster. Fall Semester The theory and practice of volumetric analysis. Acid-base, oxidation-reduction, precipitation and complex formation methods are studied, and the application of the laws of chemical equilibrium to analytical methods. Laboratory work consists in the analysis of unknowns illustrating these principles. This course may be taken as a terminal course by students for whom only one semester of analytical chemistry is required (e.g., pre-medical students). One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2. Two lectures or conferences and two laboratory periods weekly. 27. Q uantitative Analysis II. Mr. Foster. Spring Semester The theory and practice of gravimetric analysis. Separation methods, coprecipi­ tation, electrolysis, photometry, some aspects of instrumentation and an intro­ duction to gas analytical methods are studied, with illustrative unknowns and laboratory exercises. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 26. Two lectures or conferences and two laboratory periods weekly. 78 28-29. O rganic Chemistry . Mr. Cox and Mr. Fehnel. Full Course This course is designed for chemistry majors and others who require more thor­ ough training in the principles and practice of organic chemistry than is given by Chemistry 25. It is a prerequisite for admission to the Honors Seminar in Organic Chemistry. The first semester is devoted largely to a consideration of aliphatic compounds and the second to aromatic compounds. In addition, some elementary aspects of the chemistry of alicyclic and heterocyclic compounds, biologically in­ teresting materials, dyes and plastics are included. Synthetic methods in organic chemistry are emphasized. Two semesters. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2. Three lectures and one laboratory period weekly. 56. Advanced O rganic Chemistry . Mr. Fehnel. Fall Semester Selected topics in organic chemistry, including resonance theory, reaction mechan­ isms, molecular rearrangements, free radicals and other topics of current inter­ est. The laboratory periods are devoted to qualitative organic analysis and to library and problem work in connection with the identification and characterization of organic compounds. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 28-29. Three lectures and two laboratory periods weekly. 61-62. P hysical Chemistry . Mr. Keighton. Full Course, Fall Semester The principles of theoretical chemistry are studied and a number of numerical exercises are worked ; the gaseous, liquid and solid states, solutions, colloids, elementary thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistiy, the kinetics of chemical reactions. In the laboratory the student uses a variety of physicalchemistry apparatus. Prerequisites: Quantitative analysis, calculus, and general physics. A four-hour seminar and seven hours of laboratory work weekly for one semester. 65. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry . Mr. Haight. Spring Semester The periodic classification of elements is studied from the point of view of correlation of structure and properties. Consideration is given to such topics as atomic and molecular structure, coordination complexes, metal carbonyls, intermetallic and interstitial compounds, modern concepts of acids and bases, chemistry of the transition metals and rare earths and other phases of inorganic chemistry. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 61 either previously or concurrently. Three lectures or conferences weekly. 69. Special T opics. Staff. Full and Spring Semesters An elective half-course which provides an opportunity for qualified advanced students to undertake original investigations in the field of chemistry. The course is designed to give the student practical experience in the application of the scientific method to the solution of a research problem, to develop facility in the use of advanced laboratory techniques, and to stimulate interest in current devel­ opments in chemical research. A thesis is required in lieu of a final examination. Students who propose to take this course should consult the appropriate instructor. One semester. Approximately ten hours of laboratory work and conferences weekly. 79 H onors W ork Before admission to honors work the chemistry major will have completed Chem­ istry 1, 2, 28, 29, Mathematics 1, 2, 11, 12, and Physics 1, 2. The honors program includes Chemistry 101, 105 in the junior year and Chemistry 106 and either 102 or 107 in the senior year, with four other seminars usually in biology, mathematics, or physics. 101. P hysical Chemistry . Mr. Keighton. Each Semester The gaseous, liquid, and solid states, solutions, colloids, elementary thermo­ dynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistry, the kinetics of chemical reactions. Prerequisites: Quantitative analysis, calculus, and general physics. One four-hour seminar and one seven-hour laboratory period weekly for one semester. 102. Advanced P hysical Chemistry . Mr. Keighton. Spring Semester Topics such as the following: thermodynamics, the Debye-Hiickel theory of strong electrolytes, the structure of matter, chemical kinetics including photo­ chemistry and acid-base catalysis. Prerequisite: Physical Chemistry 61-62, or 101. One four-hour seminar and one seven-hour laboratory period weekly. 105. Q uantitative Analysis. Mr. Foster. Fall Semester Essentially the content of courses 26 and 27, designed to prepare honors candi­ dates for an honors examination. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2. One seminar and twelve hours of laboratory weekly. 106. Advanced O rganic Chemistry . Mr. Fehnel. Fall Semester A more intensive study of the same general area covered in Chemistry 56, in­ cluding laboratory work in qualitative organic analysis. Prerequisite: Chemistry 29. One seminar and six hours of laboratory work weekly. 107. Advanced I norganic Chemistry . Mr. Haight. Spring Semester A more intensive study of the same general area covered in Chemistry 65. Prerequisite: Physical Chemistry either previously or concurrently. One seminar and six hours of laboratory weekly. 80 Classics P ro fessors : L. R. Sh e r o , Chairman Su sa n P. C obbs A ssociate P r o fe sso r : H e l e n F. N o r th The Department of Classics offers courses in Greek and Latin that are designed to develop a capacity for the fruitful study of works written in those languages. A knowledge of Greek is particularly valuable for students of modern literature, phi­ losophy, or the Christian religion; a knowledge of Latin, for students of the romance languages, mediaeval history, or law. Study in either field is helpful for the broad­ ening and deepening of a student’s educational experience. Another group of courses (numbered from 31 on) deals with the history of the Greeks and Romans and with various aspects of their culture that have been of special significance for the modern world. These courses presuppose no knowledge of the Greek or Latin languages and are open without prerequisites to all students. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R ec o m m e n d a t io n s for M a jo r s Greek or Latin may be offered as the major subject either in course or in honors work. Major students in course are normally required to complete during the first two years either Intermediate Greek (course 11-12) or Introduction to Latin Literature (course 11-12). Both of these courses are prerequisite for honors seminars for a major student and one of them for honors seminars for a minor student. Major students in Honors work may substitute for one of the four seminars normally required in this department the seminar in Plato given by the Department of Philosophy or the seminar in Linguistic Science or a thesis. Students of Latin may substitute a seminar in Greek for one of their seminars in Latin (or vice versa). Creek 1-2. E lementary G reek . Miss Cobbs. Full Course The essentials of Greek grammar are covered and easy selections from Greek literature are read. 11, 12. Intermediate G reek . Mr. Shero. Full Course Selections from Homer, a play of Euripides, and Plato’s Apology are read. 13,14. G reek Reading. Miss North. Pull Course The reading of some of the masterpieces of poetry and of prose, including selec­ tions from lyric poetry and from Herodotus and a play of Aeschylus or Sophocles, is supplemented by a survey of the history of Greek Literature. Credit is given for each semester. The course will be offered only when required. 15,16. Advanced G reek Reading. Mr. Shero. Full Course The works read are determined by the interests and needs of the members of the class but will usually include portions of Thucydides, some speeches of the Attic orators, and a comedy of Aristophanes. Credit is given for each semester. The course will be offered only when required. 81 Latin 1-2. E lementary Latin . Mr. Shero. Full Course The course is designed for students who begin Latin in college or who are not prepared to enter Intermediate Latin, and it normally covers the equivalent of two years’ work in secondary school. The course will be offered only when required. 3, 4. I ntermediate Latin . Miss North. Full Course The course is primarily concerned with the reading of Virgil’s Aeneid. For the benefit of students who have h.’d only two years of preparatory Latin, a brief introductory period is devoted to a review of the fundamentals of Latin grammar. Credit is given for each semester. 11, 12. I ntroduction to Latin Literature . Mr. Shero, Miss North. Full Course The course aims to give some conception of the scope and characteristic qualities of Latin literature. The reading includes selections from comedy and from Cicero’s essays in the first semester and the Odes of Horace in the second. Credit is given for each semester. It is open to students who have had four years of preparatory Latin or who have completed Intermediate Latin. Mr. Shero. A study of the poems of Catullus and the elegiac poets. 13. Catullus and E legy. Fall Semester 14. M ediaeval Latin . Miss North. Spring Semester The reading done in this course consists of prose and verse selected chiefly from the writings of mediaeval Latin authors, with particular emphasis on history, philosophy, satire, and poetry. Some attention is given, early in the course, to Christian authors, such as Minucius Felix, St. Jerome, and St. Augustine, in order to clarify the transition from ancient to mediaeval modes of thought and expression. Ancient History and Civilization 31. H istory of G reece . Mr. Shero. Fall Semester The course is devoted to the study of the political and social history of the Greek states to the time of the Hellenistic kingdoms. This is preceded by a brief survey of the Oriental civilizations by which the Greeks were influenced. Special attention is given to the 6th and 5th centuries B. C. Considerable reading is done in the primary sources in translation. The course is normally given m alternate years. 33. G reek Civilization . Mr. Shero. Fall Semester Special stress is laid on those aspects of Greek culture which have had most significance for the modern world, and a detailed study is made of some of the masterpieces of Greek art and of Greek literature (in translation). The course is given when there is sufficient demand. 34. H istory o f Rom e . Mr. Shero. Spring Semester The course is devoted to the study of the political and social history of Rome to the time of Constantine. Special attention is given to the last century of the Republic and the first century of the Empire. Considerable reading is done in the primary sources in translation. 35. C lassical Archaeology . Mr. Shero. The methods of archaeological investigation in general and the contributions of archaeology to our knowledge of Greek and Roman life and art are studied. A visit is paid to- the University of Pennsylvania Museum. The course is given when there is sufficient demand. 82 36. G reek Literature in T ranslation . Miss North. Spring Semester The works read in this course include the lltad and the Odyssey, much of Greek tragedy and comedy, selections from the historians, the lyric and elegiac poets, and the Ionian physicists, and, in its entirety, the Republic of Plato. These works are considered both from the point of view of literary criticism and in relation to their influence on the development of western thought. 37. Latin Literature in T ranslation — C lassical and M ediaeval. Miss North. Fall Semester The works studied in this course range in time from the age of the Roman Re­ public to the twelfth century after Christ and are selected from those masterpieces written in the Latin language, which possess significance for the history and literature of Western Europe, and which retain their value when read in trans­ lation. They include, from the classical period, such major authors as Cicero, Lucretius, Virgil, Livy, and Seneca; from the Latin Fathers, St. Jerome and St. Augustine; and from the Middle Ages, Boethius, Prudentius, Bede, the chief figures of the Carolingian Renaissance, and the writers of Mediaeval Latin hymns and secular poetry. The course is given when there is sufficient demand and will be offered in 1956-57. 39. Classical M ythology in Literature and Art . Mr. Shero. Fall Semester The course is designed to give familiarity with those myths and legends that have served as material for writers and artists from ancient times to the present. Plays, both ancient and modern, based on the more influential myths are read, and a study is made of the manner in which the themes have been handled in painting and sculpture of various periods. Special attention is given to the use made of stories from mythology by recent writers. The course is given when there is sufficient demand and will be offered in 1956-57. H o n o rs Sem in a rs 101. Latin Language. Miss N orth. This seminar serves as an introduction to classical philology, stressing the study of the Latin language in its development from Indo-European to the Vulgar Latin period. It also includes practice in reading and writing Latin, and an introduction to epigraphy and palaeography. The seminar is given in the fall semester. 102. Latin H istorians. Mr. Shero. This seminar combines a survey of Latin historical writing to the end of the Silver Age with intensive study of selected books of Livy and Tacitus. The seminar is given in the spring semester. 103. Latin E pic . Miss North. This seminar traces the development of Roman epic poetry, with particular emphasis on the De Rerum Natura of Lucretius and the Aeneid of Virgil. Some attention is also given to early Roman epic, as represented by the Annales of Ennius, and to the period of its decline, typified by Lucan’s Pharsalia. The seminar is given in the fall semester. 104. Latin Comedy and Satire . Mr. Shero. Representative comedies of Plautus and Terence are read, and a study of the Satires and Epistles of Horace and the Satires of Juvenal is supplemented by a general survey of the development of Roman satire. The seminar is given in the spring semester. In addition, seminars in Greek literature and in particular periods of ancient history will be offered when required. A seminar in the Greek Philosophers (111) will be offered in the fall semester and a seminar in the Greek Drama (114) in the spring semester of 1956-57. Seminars in the Greek Epic (113) and in the Greek Historians (112) will be offered in the year 1957-58. 83 Economics P r o fesso r s : C lair W ilc o x , Chairman% E dward K . C ratsley . F r a n k C. P ie r so n , Acting Chairman A ssociate P r o fesso r s : J o s e p h W . C o na rd W illis D . W ea th erfo rd A ssistant P r o fe sso r : W illia m H . B r o w n , J r . I nstr u c to r : Ronald W . Jones Lecturers: H e l e n M . H u n t e r . Ra y m o n d V e r n o n The courses in economics are designed: first, to acquaint the student with the insti­ tutions and the processes through which the business of producing, exchanging, and distributing goods and services is organized and carried on; second, to train him in the methods by which the operation of these institutions and processes may be analyzed; and third, to enable him to arrive at informed judgments concerning relevant issues of public policy. Course 1-2 is prerequisite to all other work in the department except courses 3 and 4. Students intending to major in economics are normally required to take either course 3 or 4 and are also advised to take Political Science 1-2. Sophomores are not per­ mitted to take courses 50 to 60, inclusive, unless they will be unable to fit them into their programs during the last two years. Majors in course are required to take courses 50 and 51 in the junior year and are advised to take course 58 in the second semester of their senior year. Majors in honors are advised to take seminar 103 and either 101 or 102. 1-2. I ntroduction to Economics Messrs. Brown, Conard, Jones, Pierson, Weatherford. Full Course This course is designed both to afford the general student a comprehensive survey ot the held and to provide students doing further work in the department with a foundation upon which to build. It explains the organization and operation of tree, planned, and mixed economies and analyzes the major problems involved in the allocation of resources, the distribution of income, the maintenance of in­ dustrial stability, and the provision of social security, and in intprnatmnj.l economic relationships. Mr. Cratsley. Spring Semester Analysis of the problems of business organization and finance, banking, taxa­ tion and public regulation from the viewpoint of the principles and methods of corporate accountancy. It is the purpose of this course to equip the student with the rudiments of accounting that he will need to employ in his advanced courses and seminars in economics. 4. Statistics. Mrs Hunter. PM Semester A large part of the literature of the social sciences presents generalizations based upon the results of statistical investigations. The validity of such generalizations is often dubious. It is the purpose of this course, by providing the student with an elementary knowledge of statistical methods, to enable him to appraise the studies that he will encounter in his later work. 3. Accounting . $ Absent on leave, 1956-57, 84 11. Economic D evelopment . Mr. Weatherford. Fall Semester An analysis of the factors affecting economic growth: natural resources, labor, technology, capital formation, economic organization, cultural influences, and political and social institutions. An examination of the process of economic de­ velopment, in the past, in Great Britain, in Western Europe, in the United States, in Japan, and in the Soviet Union. A study of the means of promoting the future economic development of underdeveloped countries. An appraisal of the prospects for continued economic growth in the United States. 50. Economic T heory . Mr. Brown. Fall Semester The determination of prices in economic theory and in business practice. The distribution of income. Determinants of the level of income and employment. 51. M oney and Banking . Mrs. Hunter. Spring Semester The organization and operation of the commercial banking system in the United States. Central banking and the Federal Reserve system. Monetary policy and economic stability. 52. P ublic Finance . Mr. Jones. Spring Semester The revenues and expenditures of Federal, state, and local governments. The principles of taxation and borrowing. Budgetary control and debt management. Fiscal policy and economic stability. 53. Business Administration . Mr. Cratsley. Fall Semester The problems which confront the business executive. Internal organization and management. Marketing and merchandising. Risk, speculation, and insurance. Case studies of business policy. 54. Business Finance . Mr. Brown. Spring Semester Corporate organization and finance. Investment banking and the securities markets. Financial policy and economic stability. Not offered in 1956-57. 55. Labor Problems. Mr. Weatherford Fall Semester The structure and functions of labor unions. Employer approaches to labor relations. Analysis of wage policies. Governmental control of labor relations. Not offered in 1956-57. 56. Social Economics . Mr. Weatherford. Spring Semester An examination of the extent, consequences, and causes of poverty, insecurity, and inequality. An appraisal of economic reforms; social insurance, medical care, housing, the social use of the taxing power, the "welfare state.” 57. P ublic Control of B usiness. Mrs. Hunter. Spring Semester Competition and monopoly in American industry, enforcement and interpretation of the anti-trust laws, delivered pricing, the patent system, regulation of extrac­ tive industries and distributive trades. 58. Business Cycles. Mr. Pierson. Spring Semester Theories of business fluctuations. Applications of modern income theory to business cycles. Patterns of cyclical behavior and of long-term economic change. Implications for public policy. Prerequisite: Economics 51. 59. I nternational Economics. Mr. Jones. Fall Semester The theory and practice of international trade. The balance of payments, foreign exchange, national commercial policies, international investment; relations be­ tween free and controlled economies. 85 H onors W ork 101. Finance and Fiscal P olicy. Mr. Brown. Spring Semester The principles of taxation. Revenues and expenditures of federal, state, and local governments. Corporation finance, investment banking. The securities and com­ modities exchanges, public regulation of financial practices. Problems of the federal debt. Fiscal policy and economic stability. 102. M oney , Cycles and G row th . Mr. Pierson. Spring Semester The monetary framework of capitalism. Theory and practice of commercial and central banking. Modern monetary and income theory as related to cyclical change. Nature of cyclical instability. Theory of economic growth in richer countries. 103. E conomic T heory . Mr. Conard. Each Semester Contemporary economic theory: price determination, the functional distribution of income, the level of employment. The function served by economic theory for Smith, Marx, and contemporary students. Criticism of theory in the light of empirical studies and simplifying assumptions. 104. P ublic Control of B usiness. Mr. Wilcox. Fall Semester The anti-trust laws, the patent system, price discrimination, delivered price sys­ tems, resale price maintenance. The control of prices and production in agri­ culture, bituminous coal, petroleum and urban markets for fluid milk. Public regulation of municipal utilities, transportation and communications. Price con­ trol in war-time. The public ownership and operation of industry. Not given in 1956-57. 105. I nternational Economics . Messrs. Jones and Vernon. Each Semester The theory of international trade. Monetary problems, cyclical fluctuations, and international monetary cooperation. Restrictionism and discrimination, cartels, commodity problems, shipping, aviation and telecommunications. Relations be­ tween free and controlled economies. Post-war reconstruction, economic develop­ ment and international investment. International economic organization. 106. Labor and Social Economics . Mr. Weatherford. Spring Semester Poverty, inequality, and insecurity. Labor legislation, organization, collective bargaining, wage-policy and the public control of labor relations. Public as­ sistance, social insurance, medical care, housing, free income and the social use of the taxing power. Regional planning. The "welfare state.” T hesis A thesis may be substituted for a course or a seminar under exceptional circum­ stances and by special arrangement. 86 D ivision of Engineering J ohn D. M cCrumm , Chairman (The staff members of the Division of Engineering are listed under their respective departments) The engineering profession of today requires of its followers skill and resourceful­ ness as well as an integrated and thorough education in the natural and social sciences. The educational plan of the Division has been prepared with these requirements in mind. The objective of our program is to train the student professionally while providing the foundation of a liberal education. This is accomplished by educating the student in the professional disciplines of the engineer, such as critical analysis, humanistic studies, and the communication of ideas, as well as training in the tech­ niques of the engineering sciences. Specifically, the three Engineering Departments intend that each student shall (1) master the fundamental concepts of Engineering; (2) extend this mastery in the field of Civil, Electrical or Mechanical Engineering with a view to later professional practice; (3) obtain a sufficient amount of general education to enable him to understand how his enginering activities fit into the great purposes of society. A student who intends to major in Engineering * follows a common course of study for the first two years. This course adheres as far as possible to the general college program for freshmen and sophomores (see page 53), and prepares the student for his professional work of the junior and senior years. At the end of the sophomore year, the student may enter his major field of Civil, Electrical, or Mechanical Engineer­ ing. The last two years are largely spent in his major field. The three curricula of the Engineering Departments lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science; these curricula are accredited by the Engineers’ Council for Professional Development. Each curriculum provides that the student of Engineering will take about one-fifth of his work in the Divisions of the Humanities and Social Sciences, one-fourth of his work in the Departments of Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics, and the re­ mainder of his work in the three Departments of Engineering. All students devote their last two years: (1) to certain basic courses required of all engineers; (2) to fulfilling the major requirements of one of the departments of Engineering; (3) to developing their special interests. It is possible for students in any of the three departments whose interests lie also in the field of administration, physics, mathematics, chemistry, etc., to follow a special program integrating the two areas of study, as for example, Engineering and Physics or Engineering and Pre-medical studies. The basic engineering program is outlined on the pages following. First is given the detail of the curriculum for the freshman and sophomore years. Modifications in this program may be made in individual cases, but it is essential that this body of work be completed before the junior year. Next follows a description of certain general courses in engineering open to all students. This is followed by an outline of the curriculum and a description of the courses offered by each major department. * High school students intending to enter Engineering should take algebra, advanced algebra, plane and solid geometry, and trigonometry in secondary school. 87 O u t l in e o f the B asic E n g in e e r in g C u r r ic u l u m F irst T w o Y ears for th e First Semester Second Semester Freshman Year English Literature English Composition Chemistry Chemistry First Year Mathematics First Year Mathematics Engineering Drawing Descriptive Geometry Surveying I Surveying II Social Science Elective Social Science Elective Sophomore Year Physics Physics Calculus Calculus Statics Dynamics Materials & Shop Processes Electric & Magnetic Circuits Non-technical Elective Non-technical Elective G e n e r a l C ourses GEl. Engineering D rawing . Mr. Morrill and Mr. Prager. Fall Semester Instruction in the use of drafting equipment; study of fundamental principles of engineering drawing; practice through rendering of detailed elements and machine assembles; lettering and sketching. Required for freshman engineers. Open to all students. Two three-hour periods per week. GE2. D escriptive G eometry . Mr. Morrill and Mr. Prager. Spring Semester An extension of the basic conception of orthographic projection as applied to the location and definition in space of three-dimensional structures; analysis of die geometric relation of distances, angles, intersections of lines and planes; development of surfaces ; emphasis upon practical applications of descriptive geometry in the various fields of engineering. Required for freshman engineers. Open to all students who have had GEl or equivalent. Two three-hour periods per week. G E ll. M aterials and Sh o p P rocesses. Staff. Each Semester Study of elementary metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous materials; investigation in the laboratory of various engineering materials as they are affected by stress, temperature, and heat treatment; analysis of purposes and practice in use of machine tools with emphasis on their performance with the variety of materials used in manufacturing processes. Three class periods per week; two three-hour laboratories each week. GE51. I ndustrial M anagement . Mr. Cope. Spring Semester Study of organization and management of industrial enterprises; historical back­ ground and evolution of present-day scientific practices; significance of arrange­ ment of physical plant, production control, financial policies, wage payment, and personnel relations. Open to all students. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. GE57. Engineering Economy . ^Mr* Carpenter. Spring Semester A study of the methods of determining the relative economy of engineering alter­ natives; compound interest and the calculation of annual cost, present worth and prospective rates of return. A method of analysis which the engineer uses when he investigates a proposed course of action to decide whether it will prove to be economical. Open to all students. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. 88 C ivil Engineering Professor: Samuel T. Carpenter, Chairman A ssistant Professors: R oy F. Linsenmeyer C harles W. N ewlin J M. J oseph W illis Visiting A ssistant P rofessor: Edgar K. M ühlhausen The work of the Civil Engineer involves design, research, management, and con­ struction, in the following fields: buildings, bridges, aircraft, soils and foundations, hydraulics and hydroelectric power, city and regional planning, sanitation and public health, highways, airports, railways, and other projects of a public or private nature, with their economic justification. The basic curriculum also provides a foundation for those interested in aeronautical structures, architectural engineering, naval archi­ tecture, and engineering mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the broad scientific and humanistic education required for an understanding of fundamental principles, based on the conviction that those possessing such a background will contribute most to the future progress of the profession. Students may elect to enter the Civil Engineering honors program at the beginning of the junior year, although the establishment of an honors seminar depends upon the number of students who wish to enroll. Excellent facilities and opportunities are available to students who may wish to do research as part of their educational program. Standard Program Fall Semester CE51 Mechanics of Materials EE51 Electrical Apparatus ME51 Thermodynamics I Math 51 Advanced Calculus for Course Students Spring Semester Junior Year CE52 Structural Theory CE54 Soil Mechanics and Foundations ME54 Fluid Mechanics Elective Senior Year CE53 Adv. Structural Theory CE58 Special Topics CE55 Civil Engineering Design I CE56 Civil Engineering Design II CE57 Sanitary Engineering GE57 Engineering Economy CE69 Thesis (or Elective) Elective CEl Surveying, I. Mr. Willis Fall Semester A study of the basic procedures used in making surveys for engineering work, including the use, care, and adjustment of instruments, note keeping, linear and angular measurements, leveling, traversing, stadia surveys, topographic mapping, calculation of areas, and drafting room methods. Open to all students who have had trigonometry in high school or college. (1 recitation and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE2 Surveying, II. Mr. Willis Spring Semester A continuation of CE 1, covering celestial observations, preparation of profiles and maps from field notes, elements of photogrammetry, highway curves and earthwork, plane table surveys, and land surveying. Prerequisite: CE 1. (1 recitation and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) t Absent on leave, 1956-57. 89 C E ll Statics. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Muhlhausen. Fall Semester Concept and definition of force, scalar, and vector quantities; combination and resolution of forces; principle of moments and couples; graphical and analytical conditions for equilibrium; stress diagrams, cables; centroids of areas, volumes, and masses; area and volume theorems. Open to students who have taken Mathematics 1 and 2. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE12 D ynamics . Mr. Willis, Mr. Muhlhausen. Spring Semester Principles of dynamics, motion of a particle, Newton’s laws, general equation of motion, rectilinear motion, displacement, velocity, speed, and acceleration; simple harmonic motion, free and forced vibration; inertia forces, work and energy, momentum and impulse; curvilinear motion; kinetic energy of rotation; balanc­ ing of rotating bodies; relative motion, angular momentum; combined translation and rotation. Prerequisite: C E ll and Mathematics 11. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE51 M echanics of M aterials. Mr. Muhlhausen. Fall Semester This course deals with the internal stresses and changes of form which always occur when forces act upon solid bodies. The mechanics involved in the design of simple engineering structures is presented so that the student may realize the problems which must be solved in order to secure the required strength and stiffness in such structures. The laboratory work of this course is planned to clarify the theoretical considerations of beams, columns, combined stress, torsion and methods of strain measurement. Prerequisite: C E ll, Statics, and Mathematics 12. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE52 Structural T heory . Mr. Linsenmeyer. Spring Semester Analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures. A study of stresses in truss and rigid frame systems, influence lines. Prerequisite: CE51 Mechanics of Materials. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour labora­ tory per week.) CE53 Advanced Structural T heory . Mr. Carpenter. Fall Semester A study of indeterminate structural systems and advanced structural theory. Structural models. Prerequisite: CE52 Structural Theory. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE54 Soil M echanics and Foundations . Mr. Linsenmeyer. Spring Semester The principles of soil mechanics as related to the structural stability of soils under internal and external force systems. Foundations for buildings, bridges, highways, and airports are extensively treated. Research in soil mechanics. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE55 Civil Engineering D esign—I. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Linsenmeyer. Fall Semester An introduction to the design of structures. Fundamental stress analysis, con­ siderations of structural members and connections for metallic, concrete, and timber structures, including buildings, bridges, and aircraft. Prerequisite: CE52 Structural Theory or equivalent. (2 recitations and 2 3-hour laboratories per week.) 90 CE56 G vil E ngineering D esign—II. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Linsenmeyer Spring Semester A continuation of Civil Engineering Design I. Planning, analysis, and design of engineering structures and foundations. Additional topics in concrete with ordinary and pre-stressed reinforcement. Ultimate design theory. Prerequisite: CE55 Civil Engineering Design—I. (2 recitations and 2 3-hour laboratories each week.) CE57 Sanitary Engineering . Mr. Willis. Fall Semester The activities of the sanitary engineer, including the development and purification of water supplies; sewerage and sewage disposal. Also relates sanitary engineer­ ing to the broad field of public health, and includes subjects dealing with hydrol­ ogy and advanced hydraulics. Prerequisite: ME54 Fluid Mechanics. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE58 Special T opics. Staff. Spring Semester Required course with subject matter dependent on a group need or interest. Past groups have studied advanced soil mechanics, theory of elasticity, transportation, advanced hydraulics, or structural mechanics. CE69 G vil E ngineering T hesis. Staff. The time allotted to a civil engineering thesis is generally one semester. The subject matter of the thesis must be approved by the department chairman six weeks before the beginning of the semester. Excellent facilities exist for inde­ pendent investigations in structures, soils, and materials. 91 Electrical Engineering Professors: H oward M. J enkins , Chairman J ohn D. M cCrumm A ssistant P rofessor: Carl Barus I nstructor : G arwood M. Rodgers Electrical Engineering deals largely with the development and application of precise notions of electricity and its allied physical sciences in the broad field of the conversion, transmission, control, and utilization of electrical energy for the purposes of trans­ mitting power and communicating intelligence. The program in Electrical Engineering gives full recognition to the natural sciences basic to the profession, and includes considerable work in the Humanities and Social Sciences, since the needs of the profession are best served by engineers who are vitally aware of the society in which they work. The educational objectives of the Department are to provide the student with a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles of the natural sciences related to Electrical Engineering, and to inculcate in the student the confidence to apply these principles to new situations. Considerable emphasis is placed on the experimental evidence underlying these fundamentals, and mathematical methods are used to facili­ tate the application of these principles. Since most engineering problems can be solved only by making certain simplifications, the student is encouraged to examine problems critically and to make such simplifying assumptions as are possible without destroying the significance of the results. The importance of the presentation of work is also stressed, the student being required to gain some proficiency in com­ municating the results of his work clearly, completely, and in a well organized form. The courses in Electrical Engineering are such a series of inquiries dealing with fundamental concepts of electrical phenomena. The common aim is to carry the student to such a point that he will understand the basic sciences involved and can apply this knowledge to the problems of his later professional practice. Unless specifically modified, the requirements for course students are listed below; it is expected that majors will maintain a "C” average or better in the required electrical courses. Standard Program for Course Students First Semester Second Semester Junior Year EE53 A. C. Circuit Theory EE55 Engineering Analysis I CE51 Mechanics of Materials ME51 Thermodynamics I EE54 Network Theory EE56 Engineering Analysis II ME54 Fluid Mechanics Elective Senior Year EE57 Electrical Machinery I EE 59 Electronics I EE61 Field Theory Elective EE58 Electrical Machinery II EE60 Electronics II Technical Elective Elective 92 EE12 Electric and M agnetic Circuits. Spring Semester The experimental basis of electricity and magnetism; elementary electrostatics and magnetostatics; voltage, current power, energy. Bilateral and linear networks with constant driving voltages. Induced electromotive forces; capacitance and inductance; elementary problems in ferro-magnetism. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: Physics 1 and to be preceded or accompanied by Integral Calculus. EE51 E lectrical Apparatus . Pell Semester Theory of direct-current generators and motors; fundamentals of control for direct current machines. Topics include flux, generated voltage, armature reaction, com­ mutation, torque, speed, voltage and speed regulation, losses, efficiency, and effects of control on motor characteristics. Relations of simple harmonic electromotive forces and currents, power, power factor; single phase circuits; polyphase cir­ cuits, balanced and unbalanced. The construction, characteristics, and operation of alternators, induction motors, transformers, synchronous motors. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE12 Electric and Magnetic Circuits. EE52 I nstrumentation and Control . Spring Semester A study of the fundamentals of electronics and electronic circuits, control and regulation devices, particularly those involved in measuring systems and in servo­ mechanisms; designed primarily for engineering majors. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE51 Electrical Apparatus. Pall Semester A systematic study of single and polyphase electric circuits under steady state conditions. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE12 Electric and Magnetic Circuits. EE53 A lternating Currbnt Circuit T heory . EE54 N etwork T heory . Spring Semester. General network analysis; network theorems; four-terminal networks; filters; introduction to network synthesis; transmission lines. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: EE53 A.C. Circuit Theory, and EE55 Engineering Analysis I, or equivalents. EE55 Engineering A nalysis I. Pell Semester Formulation and application of the method of engineering analysis based upon fundamental physical laws, mathematics, and practical engineering considerations. Emphasis is placed on the professional approach to the analysis of new, bona fide engineering problems. A study is made of the common physical and mathe­ matical aspects shared by different systems such as mechanical, thermal, electrical and accoustical. The theory and application of ordinary differential equations is systematically covered. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: EE 12 Electric and Magnetic Circuits, and Integral Calculus. 93 EE56 Engineering Analysis II. Spring Semester Further analysis of physical systems, employing the following branches of mathe­ matics: Gamma and Bessell functions, Fourier series and other infinite series, partial differential equations, and boundary value problems, conformal mapping, dimensional analysis, the Laplace transform. Three class periods per week. Prerequisite: EE55 Engineering Analysis I. EE57 E lectrical M achinery I. Vail Semester Physical aspects of electromechanical energy conversions; conversions and princ­ iples of such conversions; basic concepts of machine performance and thé analysis of rotating electrical machinery and transformers; D-C machines, analy­ sis of performance and applications. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE53 A.C. Circuit Theory. EE58 E lectrical M achinery II. Spring Semester Synchronous machines, performance, effects of saturation and saliency; poly­ phase induction machines; fractional horsepower motors; rotating control de­ vices; self-synchronous machines; electrical transients and the dynamics of coupled systems. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE57 Electrical Machinery I. EE59 E lectronics I. Fall Semester A study of the physical principles and circuit behavior of electronic devices, in­ cluding vacuum tubes, semiconductor devices, gas tubes, photoelectric devices, etc. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE53 A.C. Circuit Theory, or equivalent. EE60 E lectronics II. Further study of the analysis and design of electronic circuits. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE59 Electronics I. Spring Semester EE61 F ield T heory . Vail Semester An analytical study of static electric and magnetic fields, time-varying electro­ magnetic fields, wave propagation and reflection, wave guides, antennas. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: EE53 A.C. Circuit Theory, and EE56 Engineering Analysis II, or equivalents. Fall Semester Designed primarily for students in chemistry, biology, psychology, and other non-engineering fields who may have occasion to use electrical techniques in their work. Subject matter includes an introduction to the fundamental con­ cepts of electricity, electric circuit analysis, electrical measurements, electronic devices and their application in measurement and control circuits. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: Physics 1-2. EE63 E lectrical I nstrumentation . 94 BE64 Servomechanisms. Spring Semester An introduction to automatic control systems using Laplace transform techniques. System design is studied by means of the Nyquist diagram and the commonly used frequency response methods. Other topics include compensation networks, multiple input systems, Nichols charts, etc. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. EE65 A dvanced E lectronics. Semester Problems relating to electronic information-processing systems. Such topics are considered as introductory communication theory, modulation systems, noise, digital devices and circuits, analog circuits, logical design of switching networks. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE60 Electronics II. EE71 Electrical Engineering T hesis . Staff. An pnginppring thesis may be substituted for a course or for the examination on the subject matter covered in a seminar, by special arrangement with the staff. H o n o rs The four following seminars are offered by the Department to prepare in part for examinations for a degree with Honors. Students who plan to take honors seminars in Electrical Engineering should note that Circuit Theory is a desirable preparation for Electronics (although not a prerequisite if a Seminar in Electricity and Magnetism has been taken). Adequate training in electrical machinery, and the Circuit Theory seminar or its equivalent, are prerequisites for the seminar in Servomechanisms. Some knowledge of A.C. Circuit Theory is a prerequisite for the Machinery Seminar. 101. Circuit T heory . Transient and steady-state analysis of electrical networks. Mathematical tools such as complex algebra, matrix algebra, and the Laplace transformation are used in the study of single and polyphase circuits, network theorems, the gen­ eral four-terminal network, electric filters, and transmission lines. An introduction to network synthesis from pole and zero locations in the complex plane is included. The seminar is accompanied by a full-day laboratory. 102. E lectronics . A study of electronic devices and circuits. Subject matter includes physical theory of electron tubes, semiconductor devices, and other electronic circuit ele­ ments; design of electronic circuits applicable to communications, instrumenta­ tion, information processing systems, etc.; transient and steady-state analysis of electronic circuits and systems; introductory topics in the theory of communi­ cation and information; microwave tubes. The seminar is accompanied by a full-day laboratory. 103. Servomechanisms . A systematic investigation of the characteristics of closed cycle control systems and their components. The mechanisms may be any combination of electrical, thermal, mechanical or hydraulic systems. Synthesis rather than analysis is stressed thus requiring use of the more powerful methods of the Laplace trans­ form, and a study of transfer function loci and equations in the complex domain. Modern techniques are employed; extensive reading in the literature is expected of each student. There is one full-day laboratory per week, in addition to the seminar. 104. M achinery . An intensive study of the basic aspects shared in common by transformers and rotating electrical machinery. A further study of the operating characteristics and the engineering application of electrical machines as specific direct current end alternating current devices. There is one full-day laboratory per week, in addi­ tion to the seminar. 95 M echanical Engineering Professor: W illiam J. Cope , Chairman A ssociate P rofessor: B ernard M orrill A ssistant P rofessor: P hilip C. Prager I nstructor : T oshiyuki F ukushima The curriculum in Mechanical Engineering is planned to develop the student through scientific training for positions in manufacturing industries, with organizations engaged in power production, and in the field of transportation. Based upon the fundamental sciences of physics, chemistry, and mathematics, the program aims to provide a background for the solution of the variety of problems related to the design, con­ struction and operation of engineering equipment used in industrial establishments. ,arran^emen^' courses is intended also to prepare mechanical engineers for such activities as those which deal with fabrication of products and the eventual assump­ tion of managerial responsibilities, as well as research and development work leading to new products. Coincident with the need for a broad and fundamental technical training, all of the engineering profession should be conscious of the impact upon society resulting from their efforts. To stimulate this awareness, students are encouraged to choose electives in the Humanities and Social Sciences throughout their undergraduate careers. Standard Program for Course Students Fall Semester Spring Semester Junior Year CE51 EE51 ME 51 EE55 Mechanics of Materials Electrical Apparatus Thermodynamics I Engineering Analysis EE52 Instrumentation and Control ME52 Thermodynamics II ME54 Fluid Mechanics Elective Senior Year ME53 Thermodynamics III ME55 Adv. Fluids and Heat Transfer ME63 Kinematics and Design Elective ME62 Adv. Strength of Materials ME64 Engineering Design GE51 Industrial Management Elective ME51 T hermodynamics I. Mr. Cope. Energy and first law of thermodynamics; application of general energy equation to steady-flow and non-flow processes; properties of liquids; vapors, gases, mix­ tures; reversible cycles; second law of thermodynamics; entropy. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: Integral Calculus. ME52 T hermodynamics II. Mr. Cope. Extension of ME5I; analysis of steam cycles basic to modern power plant prachce; heat balance calculations; flow of elastic fluids through nozzles and orifices; combustion; air-conditioning; refrigeration. Study of application of fundamental principles as exemplified in steam power stations with emphasis upon design and t « t of fuel firing equipment, furnaces, boilers, air preheaters, economizers; aux­ iliary equipment such as pumps, condensers, fans. Class and laboratory investi­ gations supplemented by field trips. Prerequisite: ME51. 96 Friends M eeting House H icks Hall, A n Engineering Building C om m encem ent in Arthur H oyt Scott Auditorium ME53 T hermodynamics III. Mr. Prager. Extension of ME51 and ME52; analysis of gas cycles basic to internal combustion engine practice; behavior of real gases and mixtures; general thermodynamic equations; combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels; gas compression. Study of application of fundamental principles as demonstrated in design, test and opera­ tion of spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines, gas turbines and com­ pressors. Class and laboratory investigations supplemented by field trips. Prerequisites: ME51 and ME52. ME54 F luid M echanics . Mr. Prager. An introductory course in fluid statics; kinematics; equation of continuity; steady flow energy and momentum; dynamics of an ideal 'fluid; dimensional analysis and similitude; incompressible flow in closed conduits and compressibility phenomena. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: Integral Calculus, ME51 Thermodynamics. ME55 A dvanced F luid M echanics and H eat T ransfer . Mr. Fukushima. Theory of fluid mechanics in turbines, pumps, fans, jets, fluid couplings, funda­ mental principles of heat transfer by conduction, free and forced convection, radiation; parallel and counterflow heat exchangers; insulated pipes and related equipment; relation to practical engineering problems. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. . Prerequisite: ME54 Fluid Mechanics. ME62 Advanced Strength of M aterials. Mr. Fukushima. Review of stress and strain; torsion; bending; beams on elastic foundations; thick cylinders; failure of metals under stress; plastic flow; influence o f stress concentration and working stresses. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE55 Engineering Analysis. ME63 K inematics and D esign . Mr. Morrill. A study of the complex motions and velocities of machine linkwork and gearing; design of cams, screws, fastenings, belts, straight and curved frames, gears and shafting. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE55 Engineering Analysis. ME64 Engineering D esign . Mr. Morrill. Design of elements under rotational stress; various classifications of fits; vibra­ tion analysis leading to isolation and engine balancing; lubrication and bearing design; design of machine assemblies. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: ME63 Kinematics and Design. ME71 M echanical Engineering T hesis . Staff. With departmental approval, an undergraduate may undertake a thesis project as a portion of the program in the senior year. 97 H onors The following five seminars are offered by the Department of Mechanical Engineer­ ing as part of the students’ preparation for examinations for a degree with Honors. Students who plan to take Honors seminars should note that Engineering Analysis is a desirable preparation for the seminars in Strength of Materials, Design, and Fluid Mechanics, and that the seminar in Thermodynamics is also a prerequisite for that in Fluid Mechanics. ME101 T hermodynamics. A study of energy and the laws of thermodynamics with emphasis on the broader aspects of the subject and with applications to a wide variety of systems. The properties of liquids, vapors, gases and mixtures. Reversible cycles. Analysis of actual cycles and engineering machines. The seminar is accompanied by a full day laboratory each week. ME102 Strength o f M aterials. A comprehensive study at both elementary and advanced levels of stress and strain in bending, shear and torsion. Elastic deformation; failure under stress, stress concentration, working stress and limit design. The seminar is accom­ panied by a full day laboratory each week. ME103 M echanical Engineering D esign . Motion, velocity and acceleration in linkwork and gearing. Design of cams, fastenings, gears, shafting and frames. Design of elements under rotational stress. Vibration analysis. Fundamentals of lubrication. Design of machine as­ semblies. The seminar is accompanied by a full day laboratory each week. ME 104 F luid M echanics . Compressible and incompressible subsonic and supersonic fluid flow. Energy and momentum. Dimensional analysis and similitude. Dynamics of an ideal fluid. Shock phenomena. Theory of fluid flow in turbines, pumps, fans, and jets. Free and forced convection in heat exchangers. The seminar is accompanied by a full day laboratory each week. ME106 T hesis . An individual thesis project involving some original investigation, analysis, or experimentation and a report. The exact program to be adjusted to individual needs. 98 English Literature Professors: G eorge J. Becker, Chairman\ Everett L. HuNTf Elizabeth Cox W right A ssociate Professors: Bruce D earing Fredric K lees, Acting Chairman Stephen E. W hicher Assistant Professors: D avid Cowden Samuel L. H ynes Lecturers: D avid F. H awke Barbara P earson Lange This department might more properly be called the Department of Literature in English, since it offers a study both of literature originally written in the English language and of works translated from other tongues. Literature is considered as a fine art, as a cultural record, and as a guide to the student’s interpretation of his own experience in life. The program of courses and seminars comprises four approaches to the subject: the intensive study of the work of major writers, examina­ tion of the literature produced in certain limited periods, the historical development of the major literary types, and the grouping of various types or forms on the basis of their subject matter or point of view. The general purposes of this study are the broadening of the student's understanding and enjoyment of literature, the de­ velopment of a basis for intelligent criticism, and the provision of a foundation for further study in the field. Stress is also laid upon accurate reading and writing through critical explication of texts and criticism of student papers. R equirements for M ajors in Course The work of the major in this department in course normally consists of at least four full courses in the department, including Modem Literature in the first year, either Chaucer or Milton in the second year, a full course or two half courses in one of the types (numbers 21-26 below) in die third year, and Shakespeare and the Senior Conference in the final year. The comprehensive examination at the close of the senior year is based on this work, but also includes questions on other courses offered by the department for those prepared in these fields. A reading list in English and American literature is given to all majors to act as a guide in the selection of courses and to independent reading in preparation for the Senior Confer­ ence. Majors are expected to take a semester’s work in either Fine Arts or Music and are advised to take a semester’s work in some foreign literature. Students ex­ pecting to do graduate work should acquire a reading knowledge in the languages required by the schools they propose to attend. t Absent on leave, 1956-57. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. 99 Courses 1. M odern Literature : Introduction to Literary Study. Staff. Each Semester An introduction to the critical study of the four principal types of literature: poetry, drama, novel, and non-fictional prose. The materials are drawn chiefly from modern American literature for the purpose of emphasizing the relationship of literature to life through the study of works produced from backgrounds familiar to the student in terms of his own experience. Prerequisite to all other literature courses offered by the department. 2. P eriod Studies in English Literature . Staff. Spring Semester Application of the methods learned in course 1 to older materials. The period studied will vary from year to year. Not offered in 1956-57. 5. Composition . Mr. Hawke. Each Semester Training in the writing of non-fictional prose. Designed to meet the require­ ments of Engineering and Pre-Medical students. Other students admitted on the basis of need for this work. 6. Argument . Mr. Hawke. The analysis and orderly presentation of large bodies of material in speech and writing. The work comprises a series of short analytical papers, a research paper of some magnitude, and a series of argumentative speeches. Admission only with consent of the instructor. 11. M ilton and th e 17t h Century . Mr. Hunt and Mrs. Wright. Each Semester Paradise Lost, selections from Milton’s shorter poems, The Old Testament, Bunyan’s Pilgrim's Progress, and the lyrics of John Donne are read. Study is made of narrative, epic, and lyric writing, and the relationship of the literature to the thought of the period. 12. Chaucer . Mr. Klees. Each Semester Reading of Troilus and Criseyde, The Canterbury Tales and some of the minor poems in the original Middle English, with greater attention to the literary than to the linguistic aspects. 16. Satire . Mr. Dearing. Spring Semester An historically oriented consideration of some of the principal satires in world literature, with emphasis upon interpretation and evaluation as literature. Not offered in 1956-57. 17. Social Criticism . Mr. Becker. Pall Semester The reactions of such major figures as Carlyle, Mill, Henry Adams, Bellamy and Morris to the changed conditions of life after the Industrial Revolution. An at­ tempt is made both to analyze the social comment or protest in individual works and to explore the part that social forces play in modern literature. Not offered in 1956-57. 21, 22. English P oetry . Mrs. Wright. A survey of English poetry from its beginnings, with a study of the principles of poetic criticism and a detailed examination of the work of two or three poets. For upperclassmen or second-semester sophomores by permission. 23, 24. T he English N ovel. Mr. Cowden. The first semester covers the development of the English novel from Fielding to Trollope with emphasis on the chronicle form prevalent during this period. In contrast, the second semester emphasizes developments in technique and con­ tent from Meredith to the present day. Credit given for either semester, but students desiring both should take them in the regular sequence. 100 25. Comedy. Mr. Klees. Fall Semester Dramatic comedy in its various forms, English and American, with particular attention to the Elizabethan, Restoration, and modern periods. 26. T ragedy. Mr. Klees. Spring Semester Dramatic tragedy from the Agamemnon trilogy to Death of a Salesman, with emphasis on Elizabethan and modern American tragedy. 30. M ain C urrents of A merican T hought . Mr. Whicher. Fall Semester Texts such as Thoreau’s Walden, essays by Emerson, and The Education of Henry Adams will provide a background in American ideas. 31. A merican Fiction . Mr. Whicher. Spring Semester Reading will include The Scarlet Letter, Moby Dick, Huckleberry Finn, The American, and The Sound and the Fury. English 30 a prerequisite. Not offered in 1956-57. 32. A merican P oetry . Mr. Whicher. Spring Semester Major figures in the field such as Whitman, Dickinson, Robinson and Eliot. Prerequisite: English 30. 34. Romanticism . Mr. Becker. Fall Semester The general modification of European sensibility as reflected in the literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Not offered in 1956-57. 35. Realism . Mr. Becker. Spring Semester A study of realism as a literary movement. Beginning with Madame Bovary, the course traces the development of realistic techniques and concepts in Zola, in the Russians, and in American writers such as Norris and Dreiser. Not offered in 1956-57. 42. Shakespeare . Mr. Klees and Mr. Hynes. Each Semester A study of the major plays. Not open to majors in this department. 43. M odern P oets. Mr. Hynes. An intensive study of the poetry of Yeats, Pound, and Eliot. upperclassmen. Not offered in 1956-57. Fall Semester Open only to 44. H ardy, Conrad, and J oyce. Mr. Cowden. Spring Semester An intensive study of these three novelists. Offered as an alternative to course 24 to upperclassmen who have had course 23. 51-52. Shakespeare . Staff. Fall Semester A study of the complete works of Shakespeare, tracing the development of his oraftmanship and ideas. Required of majors in this department, who meet weekly in small groups during the first semester of the senior year. 53-54. Senior Conference . Staff. Spring Semester Group meetings of departmental majors held in the second semester of the senior year for the purpose of reviewing, integrating, and supplementing the student’s course program. G reek Literature in T ranslation (Greek 36). Latin Literature in T ranslation (Latin 3 7 ). 101 W riting and Speaking Students in need of training in Composition may be required to take tutorial work or to complete Course 5 before entering the junior year. Instruction in Public Speaking is given weekly, by Mrs. Lange, in a non-credit course. Students are asked to prepare and deliver formal and informal speeches, introductions, presentations, and to take part in roundtable discussions. Frequent recordings of each student are made to aid in self-criticism. Extra-curricular student groups for practice in creative writing, acting, and debating meet with members of the departmental faculty. H onors W ork Prerequisites: The course requirements for a major in Honors are the same as for a major in course, Modern Literature and either Chaucer or Milton. The election of an additional course in the sophomore year is advised when the schedule permits it, and The History of England is also recommended. For admission with a minor in this department, the requirement is one year of work, including Modern Literature. Program: Majors in Honors must take four seminars in the department, including Shakespeare and one of the types seminars from Group II. Minors in Honors may enroll in any two or three of the seminars offered as may seem best suited to the purposes of their whole program. Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors. Group I 101. Shakespeare . Mr. Becker, Mr. Cowden, Mr. Dearing, and Mr. Hynes. Each Semester A study of the mind and art of Shakespeare as dramatist and poet. The emphasis is on the major plays, with a more rapid reading of the remainder of his work. Students are advised to read through all of the plays before entering the seminar. 102. M ilton a n d th e 17t h Century . Mr. Hunt. Milton, Donne, and the poetry of the Bible. Pall Semester 103. Chaucer . Mr. Klees. A study of Chaucer’s poetry and age. Pall Semester Group II 104. V ictorian P oetry . Mrs. Wright. Spring Semester The basic elements of poetic expression, thought, imagery, and sound are studied separately, and then brought together in the examination of four long poems. Not offered in 1956-57. 105. Contemporary P oetry . Mr. Dearing. Spring Semester The poetic tradition since Yeats. Representative problems include contemporary poetic idiom, the restoration of the dimension of sound, and the alleged alienation of the poet from his society. 106. D rama . Mr. Klees. Spring Semester Survey of the development of the drama in England and America following a preliminary study of classic drama. 102 107. N ovel. Mrs. Wright and Mr. Cowden. Each Semester Chiefly late 19th century. Principles of aesthetics applied to the novel form are developed from the study of selected novels outside the Victorian tradition. 109. R enaissance P oetry. Mrs. Wright. Spring Semester The method of the seminar is the same as that of the Victorian Poetry seminar, which is given in alternate years. The poems studied are chosen from the Spenserian and Metaphysical strains, chiefly of the early seventeenth century. Group III 110. M odern Comparative Literature . Mr. Becker. Fall Semester Using the realistic movement as a starting point, this seminar considers some of the major themes and philosophic attitudes embodied in recent literature. The chief figures studied are Flaubert and Zola, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, Kafka and Mann, Joyce and Faulkner. Not offered in 1956-57. 112. Satire. Mr. Dearing. Fall Semester A study of major satirical literature, with particular attention to philosophical metaphor and the ironic mode. 114. Romanticism . Mr. Whicher. Fall Semester The philosophic strain of romanticism as it moves from Continental writers through such English figures as Wordsworth, Coleridge and Carlyle, and such Americans as Emerson, Melville, and Whitman. 115. A merican Literature Since I860. Mr. Whicher. A study of the major writers in this field. Spring Semester 120. T hesis. Mrs. Wright. Fall Semester This seminar gives training in bibliography, selection of problems for critical writing, and leads to the presentation of a thesis. Students read and criticise each other’s work at intervals and confer individually with the instructor. 103 Fine Arts Professor: Robert M. W alker, Chairman A ssociate Professor: H edley H. R hys A ssistant: I ngerid W yller The aim of the Department is to study the historical-cultural significance and aesthetic value of architecture, sculpture, painting and graphic art (prints and drawings). Methods and problems of criticism are considered: observation, analysis, interpretation and evaluation. Instruction is given by means of original works of art as well as by the usual visual aids. Field trips are made to public and private collections in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington and to significant examples of architecture in those areas. Since it is the objective of the Department to foster an intelligent comprehension of the visual arts rather than to train professional artists, no courses in drawing, painting and sculpture are offered for credit. However, instruction in such work is available under the extracurricular Arts and Crafts Program. R equirements and R ecommendations Frerquisites: Majors in course and majors,-and minors in honors must take the two half courses, Fine Arts 1 and 2. For other students the prerequisite for all advanced courses is one semester of the Introduction to Art History, either Fine Arts 1 or 2. Fine Arts 11, Design in Drawing and Painting, while not a prerequisite, is recom­ mended as a foundation course for other Fine Arts courses and seminars. Sequence of Courses: Whenever possible, majors will take courses in their numerical order. For other students courses need not be taken in numerical sequence. Majors in Course: The program of a major consists of at least eight half courses (including Fine Arts 1-2) in the Department. The courses supporting this program depend on the needs of the individual student and may be found in both the Division of the Humanities and the Division of the Social Sciences. Majors and Minors in Honors: Majors in honors take four seminars in the Depart­ ment. In special cases the seminar in Aesthetics may be substituted for one in Fine Arts. A minor in honors usually consists of two seminars. The seminars offered in any one semester vary according to the requirements of the students and the con­ venience of the Department. Language Requirements for Graduate Schools: Students are advised that graduate work in Fine Arts requires a knowledge of French or German. Courses 1. I ntroduction to Art H istory. Mr. Rhys and Mr. Walker. Fall Semester Consideration is given in the first four weeks to the basic problems of the nature of the work of art, the factors of influence upon its conception, formation, and development (geographic, social, economic, etc.), the principles of value judg­ ments, and methods of analysis. A limited number of representative examples N ote: Students other than majors in Fine Arts in course and majors and minors in Fine Arts m honors may take one semester of the Introduction to Art History, either Fine Arts 1 or 2, as a prerequisite for advanced courses.. 104 of architecture, sculpture, and painting are studied within the historical context of the civilizations and cultural epochs which produced them: Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, and Medieval France. Three hours of lecture a week and one bi-weekly conference hour. 2. I ntroduction to Art H istory . Mr. Rhys and Mr. Walker. Spring Semester European and American architecture, sculpture, and painting from the fifteenth century to the present day are studied from the same points of view and with the same methods as in the first semester. Three hours of lecture a week and one bi-weekly conference. 11. D esign in D rawing and P ainting . Mr. Rhys. Fall Semester The basic elements of design and their function in drawing and painting. Types of harmony, sequence and balance such as linear, tonal and spacial. The methods of design and representation that characterize the various historical styles. Prac­ tical exercises required demand no special technical aptitude, since the purpose of the course is to develop a critical understanding of drawing and painting and not technical skill. 51. Anc ie n t Art . Mr. Walker. Fall Semester The development of the forms of architecture, sculpture and painting as express­ ing various cultural patterns of ancient civilizations: Egypt, Iran, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome. 52. M edieval Art . Mr. Walker. Spring Semester A study of the relationship between art and society in Europe and the Near East from the fourth through the fourteenth centuries. The ideas and institutions which were instrumental in shaping Christian art during its formative stages of development. Special emphasis is placed on the Romanesque and Gothic periods in France: the abbey and the cathedral. 53. I talian Renaissance A rt . Mr. Rhys. Fall Semester A study of certain aspects of the art of the Renaissance in Italy as expressed in architecture, sculpture and painting. Emphasis is placed on such great masters as Donatello, Masaccio, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and Titian. 54. N orthern R enaissance and Baroque P ainting . Mr. Walker. Spring Semester Developments in painting and drawing during the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven­ teenth centuries in France, the Netherlands, Germany and Spain through the study of individual artists such as the Van Eycks, Roger van der Weyden, Jean Fouquet, Dürer, Gruenewald, Holbein, El Greco, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Poussin and Velasquez. 55. M odern Painting . Mr. Rhys. Fall Semester Important stylistic developments in European painting from the French Revolu­ tion through Matisse and Picasso: the meanings of the various movements and their relationship to changing social and political attitudes. 56. A merican Art . Mr. Rhys. Fall Semester Architecture, sculpture and painting in North America from the Colonial Period to the present day, their connection with European art and their significance as a reflection of American culture. 105 57. M odern B uilding . Mr. Walker. Spring Semester An introduction to the nature of architecture and the function of the architect through a study of developments in European and American building during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The specific influence of economic, tech­ nological and social changes upon design and structure. Emphasis placed on the study of original examples in the Philadelphia area and on the work of such men as Sullivan, Wright, Mies van der Rohe, Gropius and Le Corbusier. The prerequisite of Fine Arts 1-2 is waived for students m Engineering. 60. Senior Conference . Mr. Walker. Spring Semester H o n o r s S em in a rs 100. M edieval Art . Mr. Walker. Vail Semester The development of the forms of Christian art during the Middle Ages, with special emphasis on the Romanesque and Gothic periods in France: the abbey and the cathedral. 101. I talian R enaissance P ainting . Mr. Rhys. Vail Semester A study and analysis of painting in Italy from Giotto to Titian: the decisive contributions of the outstanding masters to its stylistic development and its rela­ tionship to the Renaissance movement as a whole. 102. N orthern R enaissance. Mr. Walker. Spring Semester Developments in painting and the graphic arts of drawing and print making dur­ ing the fifteenth century in England, France, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain through an intensive study of individual masters such as the Van Eycks, Roger van der Weyden, Jerome Bosch, Pieter Brughel, Jean Fouquet, Martin Schongauer, Albrecht Dürer, Hans Holbein, and El Greco. Emphasis is placed on the study of original material, such as the graphic art in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection in Jenkintown. 103. The Baroque . Mr. Walker. Vail Semester Developments in painting and the graphic arts of drawing and print making during the seventeenth century in Western Europe. Although the role of Italy in the formation of the Baroque as an international style is studied, special orientation is found in the individual work of such great masters as Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Velasquez, and Poussin. Opportunity is taken to work with original paintings as well as with the graphic art of the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. 104. M odern P ainting . Mr. Rhys. Spring Semester Important stylistic developments in European painting from the French Revolu­ tion through Matisse and Picasso: the meanings of the various movements and their relationship to changing social and political attitudes. 105. M aster Print M akers. Mr. Walker. Spring Semester A consideration of certain problems in the history of the graphic arts. A study of the significance of the work of such men as Schongauer, Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, Daumier, Munch and Rouault for the development of expression in the media of the woodcut, engraving, etching, aquatint and lithography. Stu­ dents work almost exclusively with original material in the Print Room of the Philadelphia Museum and the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection in Jenkintown. 106 History Professors: M ary A lbertson, Chairman Frederick B. T ollés A ssociate Professors: Paul H. BEiKf J ames A. Field, Jr . Laurence D. Lafore A ssistant P rofessors: Robert D. Cross* P eter N. Riesenberg Lecturer : J ohn F. Coddington The introductory courses (1 through 6) as well as some of the more advanced courses are designed to familiarize students with contemporary American civilization: its European backgrounds; England’s influence, particularly through her literature, her law, and her constitution; and the heritage and the place in the world of the United States itself. There is another group of courses (11 through 15) which are intended to introduce history majors as well as majors in other departments to the understanding of a foreign culture. R equirements for and M ajors R ecommendations and M inors History 1-2 should be taken in the freshman year if possible. The work of the major in Course normally consists of at least six additional half courses in the depart­ ment, including one or two half courses in American history, at least one half course in English history, and Special Topics. The comprehensive examination includes a choice of questions on the fields of European, English, and American history. Sensibly planned election of related courses in other departments should begin in the sopho­ more year, particularly with reference to the prerequisite requirements of these depart­ ments for Honors seminars. Languages most useful to students of history are French, German or Latin. A reading knowledge of at least one of these is required by most graduate schools. French 7-8 or German 7-8 may be taken by those who wish a second foreign language. History majors are asked to take a half course in phil­ osophy. The only requirement for acceptance as a major in history at the end of the sophomore year is successful completion of course 1-2. The department recommends that a course major in the junior and senior years group his electives in such a way as to make a coherent program. The department records the field of special competence of its majors so that the information can be given in letters of recommendation, etc., when it is desirable; and selection of ques­ tions in the comprehensive examination may be guided by these interests. A major in history may, for example, be described as a major in history with emphasis on the * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. 107 social sciences, on American civilization, on international relations, or on Russian studies. The student planning to apply for work leading to an Honors degree either as a major or minor should follow in general the same program as the Course major dur­ ing his first two years. He should normally, if he has room for history in his pro­ gram during his sophomore year, choose either a half course in American history (4, 5, 4x, or 5x) or a half course in English history (6 ), as background for later work in Honors seminars in those fields. If the choice has to be made between a second course in American history and a first course in English history, the latter should be chosen. C ourses 1-2. E urope . All members of the department. Full Course One of the basic courses in the curriculum. It is an introduction to the study, understanding, and use of history for those who do not plan to take any more courses in history as well as for those who do. It is a prerequisite to all other work in history except course 61. In certain combinations History 1 may be given credit without History 2, if written permission is obtained from the chair­ man of the department. The course begins with the classical backgrounds of European civilization and ends with post-war Europe. Sections are small enough for discussion. One sec­ tion is planned for students who have had a school course in European history. 4, 5. T he U nited States. Mr. Field. A general course beginning with the history of the colonies, bringing the narrative to 1865 at the end of the first half. Either half may be taken separately. 4x, 5x. A merican I ntellectual H istory. Mr. Cross. A course paralleling 4, 5 in chronology, recommended for those who have had a school course in American history. 6. England . Miss Albertson. Fall Semester A survey of the history of the English people. The greater part of the course is devoted to the periods before 1714. It may be followed by course 52 or seminar 109 for those who wish fuller treatment of modern England. It is recommended that course majors take this course in the junior or senior year. 11. T he O ther A merican R epublics . Mr. Lafore. The development of Latin America with its European and colonial background. The emphasis is on Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. This is recommended for majors in Spanish as well as for majors in history, and as a general elective. Not offered in 1957-58. Miss Albertson and Mr. Lafore. The history of France from Roman times to the present day. This is recom­ mended for majors in French as well as for majors in history and as a general elective. 12. France . 14. R ussia. Mr. Beik. Fall Semester The history of modern Russia. The course begins with the reign of Peter and gives half its time to the period since the Revolution. 15. T he Expansion of E urope . Topics in different aspects of European expansion from the sixteenth century to the present, with emphasis on the relation between European and non-European factors. 108 The following courses are not open to freshmen and sophomores. made only on formal approval by the department. Exceptions are 51. T he W estward M ovement . Mr. Field. European colonization, the struggle for North America, westward expansion, sectional development, problems of growth and integration of newly settled re­ gions. 52. M odern Britain . Mr. Lafore. The development of a modern industrial society and welfare state. Not offered in 1957-58. 53. T he French Revolution and N apoleon . Mr. Beik. The significance of the period 1789-1815 in the development of modern Euro­ pean social theories and political institutions. 54. M edieval E urope . Mr. Riesenberg. The history of western Europe from the decline of the Roman empire through the thirteenth century. 56. A merican D iplomatic H istory. Mr. Field. Official United States foreign policy considered as a part of the larger problem of American participation in world affairs. 57. M odern E urope . All members of the department. Recent European problems and institutions examined primarily through the ex­ periences of one nation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 61. Q uakerism . Mr. Tolies. Fall Semester The history of the Society of Friends to the present day. The characteristic religious and social ideas of the Quakers are considered in their historical setting. Not offered in 1956-57. 62. T he N ear and M iddle East. Mr. Coddington. The history of this area in modern times. 63, 64. T he Far East. A general course concerned chiefly with China in the first half, with Japan in the second half. 65, 66. Special T opics. All members of the department. Spring Semester For seniors. Individual programs are planned to prepare majors in history for the comprehensive examinations. The discussion of review problems, of papers, and of reading is conducted in groups and in individual conferences with mem­ bers of the department. This may be elected as a single one-semester course or as a double one-semester course. H onors Seminars The following seminars are offered by the department to juniors and seniors to prepare for the examinations for a degree with Honors. They may be taken in any combination. The only prerequisite is History 1-2 except in the seminars for which an additional prerequisite is indicated. Those who wish to specialize in international relations with a major in history (see p. 112, last paragraph) should include in their programs at least three of the fol­ lowing seminars: numbers 103, 110, 116, 117. 109 American History lCTl. Early A merican H istory. Mr. Tolies. Spring Semester Political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the period from the explorations to the end of the American Revolution. 102. P roblems in American H istory. M r. Field. Selected topics in the history of the United States. history is required as a prerequisite. 103. P roblems in A merican H istory : Foreign . One semester of American Mr. Field. The United States in the world community: a study of the evolution since 1776 of American policies toward Europe, Latin America, and the Orient, with empha­ sis on ideological, economic, and strategic developments. One semester of American history is required as a prerequisite. 104. T he Supreme Court . Mr. Cross. A history of the role played by the Supreme Court in American political, eco­ nomic, and social life. The seminar is not designed to anticipate or overlap the courses in constitutional law offered in law schools. A general knowledge of American history is required as a prerequisite. English History 106. M edieval England . Miss Albertson. The period from 1066 to 1485. For seniors. 108. T udor and Stuart England . Miss Albertson. The period from 1485 to 1688. 109. M odern England . Mr. Lafore. The nineteenth century. 110. T he British Em pire . A study of the empire from sixteenth century origins to the present. Special at­ tention is paid to the growth of the "second empire” and the internal history of the members of the present commonwealth. European History 111. M edieval E urope . Mr. Riesenberg. The civilization of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 112. T he Renaissance and R eformation . Miss Albertson. Europe from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. 114. E urope 1760 to 1870. Mr. Beik. The disintegration of the old regime and the rise of liberalism. 115. E urope 1870 to 1939: M odern E urope . Mr. Lafore. Political and social changes which preceded the second world war. 116. Europe Since 1870: D iplomatic H istory. Mr. Lafore. The management of international affairs and problems. Not offered in 1957-58. 117. E urope Since 1870: Eastern E urope . Mr. Beik. The origins and consequences of the Russian Revolution and of the formation of the succession states. Not offered in 1956-57. 110 T hesis (120) A thesis may be substituted for one of the Honors examinations by special per­ mission of the department. The topic should be selected and approved by the end of the junior year. It must be finished and a copy filed in the Library by the middle of the senior year. G raduate W ork The department of History offers work leading to the Master's degree for graduate students who wish to use the research resources of the Friends Historical Library for a thesis. In addition to the thesis the candidate normally takes three Honors seminars. For the general regulations concerning the Master’s degree see p. 64. Ill International Relations Students who plan to enter upon a career in the field of international relations should include in their programs, during the first two years, the introductory courses in economics, history, and political science and should complete the intermediate course in one or more modern languages. Advanced courses selected from the groups listed below may be incorporated in the programs of students who do their major work in economics, history, political science, or a modern language. Those students who wish to concentrate in international relations may take their Senior Comprehensive Examination in this field. Students preparing for this examina­ tion should take eight, nine, or ten half courses from among those listed below, including all of those listed in Group I, one or more in Group II, and one or more in Group III. The examination is administered by a committee appointed by the chairmen of the Departments of Economics, History, and Political Science, under the Chairmanship of the Department of Political Science. Group I Political Science 12. I nternational P olitics. Political Science 13. I nternational Law and O rganization Political Science 57-58. A merican Foreign P olicy Economics 60. I nternational Economics Group II History 11. T he O ther A merican Republics History 14. R ussia History 52. M odern Britain . Group III Political Political Political Political Science Science Science Science 15. Comparative G overnment 19. T he Soviet System 20. Far E astern P olitics 59. M odern Political T heory Students who plan to enter the Honors program will find it possible to select a similar combination of courses and seminars in the field of international relations. In planning such programs, they should consult with the chairmen of their prospective major departments. 112 Mathematics Professor: H einrich Brinkmann , Chairman A ssociate Professor: P hilip W . Carruth A ssistant Professors: Edgar R. M ullins, J r . D avid Rosen Pure mathematics is an abstract subject and may be looked upon as the model of a deductive science. On the other hand, the subject matter of mathematics has for the most part arisen out of concrete applications to the physical sciences, among which geometry occupies a central position. The courses offered in the department of Mathematics attempt to combine these points of view and to give a picture of the power and beauty of the subject when studied for its own sake, as well as its many relations to other fields of thought. The study of mathematics is essential as a tool for the understanding of the principles of the physical sciences and engineering; a knowledge of its techniques is indispensable for a successful pursuit of these subjects. The same is becoming increasingly true in the biological sciences and in some of the social sciences. For students who intend to major in mathematics in course, the normal sequence of courses is the following: Freshman year, courses 3-4; Sophomore year, courses 11-12; Junior and Senior years, two half-courses selected each year from courses 13, 14, 51, 52, 54. The completion of Physics 1-2 is strongly recommended. In order to be admitted to honors seminars in mathematics, either as a major or as a minor, a student must have completed courses 11-12. An honors student whose major is mathematics must also take Physics 1-2; it is furthermore highly desirable that he have a reading knowledge of French or German. A junior honors student will normally take the seminars in Advanced Calculus and Differential Equations; these seminars are offered each year. The remaining seminars are usually taken by senior students and are offered as they are required. Full Course The purpose of this course is to acquaint the student with the principles and some of the fundamental concepts of mathematics. While a part of the course will deal with the ideas and applications of elementary calculus, other funda­ mental concepts of mathematics will also be considered, and in particular appro­ priate material from algebra and trigonometry will be studied. An introduction to statistics and probability will be given as an application. The course is suit­ able for a terminal course in mathematics, particularly for students in the social sciences. It may also be used as a prerequisite for further work in mathematics, and should be taken by those students intending further study of mathematics who do not have the preparation necessary for courses 3-4. 1-2. I ntroduction to M athematics . 3-4. First Y ear M athematics. Full Course The subject matter of these courses consists of calculus combined with appro­ priate material from analytic geometry. It will normally be followed by courses 11-12 and should be taken by students intending to do their major work in mathematics, the physical sciences, or engineering. Good preparation, including a thorough course in trigonometry, is required as preparation for this course. 113 Pull Course In this course the student continues the study of the calculus begun in Mathe­ matics 1-2 as given in 1955-56 or before; certain topics from algebra and analytic geometry are also included. The course forms a necessary basis for any further work in mathematics and is essential for an understanding of the fundamentals of physics and other sciences, as well as engineering. The two halves of this course cannot be taken separately. Prerequisite: Courses 1-2. 11-12. Calculus. 13. H igher G eometry . Fall Semester Various kinds of geometry (mostly in the plane) will be studied in this course, using both analytic and synthetic methods. A large part of the work will deal with projective geometry and its relation to metric and other geometries. The conic sections will be studied in some detail. Prerequisites: Courses 11-12. 14. H igher A lgebra. Spring Semester The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to some of the abstract ideas that are fundamental in the subject of algebra as well as to extend his knowledge of certain algebraic techniques. Among the subjects studied are: Number systems, fields and their algebraic extensions, matrices and determinants, the solution of algebraic equations, systems of linear equations. Prerequisites: Courses 11-12. 51. Advanced Calculus. Fall Semester This course deals with the differential calculus of functions of several variables and its geometric applications, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals, improper integrals and infinite series. The treatment is sufficiently rigorous to strengthen the student’s understanding of the principles of the calculus. Appli­ cations to the physical sciences are given whenever possible. Prerequisites: Courses 11-12. 52. D ifferential E quations . Spring Semester This course is a continuation of Mathematics 51. Some of the topics studied are: Ordinary Differential Equations, with applications; Infinite Series; Im­ proper Integrals and the Gamma Function. Prerequisites: Courses 11-12, 51. 54. P robability and Statistics. Spring Semester This course deals with the mathematical theory of statistics, based upon a study of the theory of probability. An introduction to the theory of sampling and statistical inference will be given. Prerequisites: Courses 11-12, 51 (Course 51 may be taken concurrently). 55. Senior Conference . Spring Semester A weekly meeting held for the purpose of integrating and supplementing the course program of majors in this department. 60. Reading Course in M athematics. This course is to provide an opportunity for students to do special work in fields not covered by the undergraduate courses, listed above. The work consists in the preparation of papers requiring extensive and detailed examination of the literature of a problem. Note: Courses 51 and 52 may be presented for an Honors examination as part of an Honors program. 114 H onors Seminars in M athematics FaU Semester The subject matter of this seminar includes the differential calculus of functions of several variables, the elements of vector analysis, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals, improper integrals, infinite series, uniform convergence of infinite processes. The treatment of these various subjects is sufficiently detailed to give the student an introduction to the rigorous processes of analysis. 101. Advanced Calculus . Spring Semester This seminar continues the study of the topics listed under the seminar in Ad­ vanced Calculus. It also includes a formal treatment of ordinary differential equations and their applications to various types of problems. This is followed by a study of existence theorems for ordinary differential equations, certain classi­ cal linear differential equations, Fourier series and a brief introduction to boun­ dary value problems of certain partial differential equations of the second order. 102. D ifferential Equations . 103. Statistics and P robability. The purpose of this seminar is to give the mathematical background necessary for an understanding of the mathematical analysis of statistical data. In addition, the modern development of this subject provides a valuable application of the concepts and techniques acquired in the study of advanced calculus. The topics treated include: the axiomatic approach, the use of Stieltjes integrals, correlation and regression, some special distributions, sampling theory and a short introduc­ tion to the theory of statistical estimation. 104. M odern A lgebra. This seminar deals with the theoretical properties of such formal systems as groups, rings, fields and vector spaces. While these concepts will be illustrated by many concrete examples, the emphasis will be on the abstract nature of the subject; the student will thus be introduced to an important aspect of modern mathematics. Among the specific topics to be studied are the algebra of matrics, of classes and of ideals. 105. T heory o f F unctions of a C omplex V ariable . A brief study of the geometry of complex numbers is followed by a detailed treatment of the Cauchy theory of analytical functions of a complex variable. Various applications are given and some special classes of functions, such as elliptic functions, are studied. Analytic continuation and the theory of Weierstrass are briefly considered. 106. T heory of N umbers. Among the subjects studied in this seminar are: Elementary properties of integers, the congruence relation, quadratic residues, quadratic forms, certain class­ ical Diophantine equations, simple examples of fields of algebraic numbers. 107. D ifferential G eometry . The subject of this seminar is the metric differential geometry of curves and surfaces in three dimensional space. 108. Symbolic Logic. This seminar is given by the Department of Philosophy. A description of it will be found under the offerings of that department. It may be presented as part of the Mathematics program in Honors. 115 M odem Languages and Literatures Professors: Edith P hilips, Chairman (French) H arold M arch (French) A ssociate Professors: H ilde D. Cohn (German) Franz H. M autner (German) James D. Sorber (Spanish) f A ssistant Professors: Frédéric G rover (French) J ustus Rosenberg (German and Russian) Elisa A sensio (Spanish) J eanne T heis (French) Lecturer : O lga Lang (Russian) The department of modern languages and literatures aims to give its majors a comprehensive view of the literature and culture represented by these languages, in relation to other humanistic studies. Courses are conducted in the language of the literature being studied, and progress in the language is always one of the aims. The elementary and intermediate courses are designed to prepare the students for advanced work in literature as well as to meet college and departmental requirements. It is not impossible, with some extra reading, to major or to enter honors seminars in a language started in college. Prerequisites and recommended subjects for majors are noted under the listing of each language section. French All students offering French for entrance are placed at the level where they will presumably profit best by the course, according to their rating in the College Entrance Examination or a test given by the department. French may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are the same for both course and honors students and are as follows: Required: French 11, 12 Introduction to Literature, or evidence of equivalent work. French 5 Advanced Composition and Diction. Recommended supporting subjects: History of France, History of Modern Philosophy, Psychology, courses in other literatures, Fine Arts. Majors are expected to speak French with sufficient fluency to take part in discussion in courses and seminars in the language and to pass an oral comprehensive or oral honors examination in French. Note: All advanced courses are not offered every year. Students wishing a major or minor in French should plan their course carefully in advance with the department in order to get a well rounded program. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. 116 Courses 1-2. E lementary French . For students who begin French in College. Equivalent to two years French in high school. The initial approach is oral but a foundation is laid for a reading knowledge. No credit is given for French 1 alone. Both courses offered each semester. 3, 4. Intermediate French . For students who have had French 1-2 or its equivalent (2 years French in high school). Students who have had three years in high school usually enter French 4. Grammar is reviewed. Reading is from contemporary literature in French editions without notes or vocabulary. Every effort is made to help the student to increase his vocabulary and to discuss what he has read in the French language. Completion of French 4 satisfies the language requirement. The normal course to follow French 4 is French 11. (Both courses are offered each semester.) Miss Theis. For those who intend to major in French or who wish an advanced course in which the emphasis is not primarily literary. An effort is made to correct faulty pronunciation and to improve self-expression in the language, both oral and written. 5, 6. Advanced Composition and D iction . 7-8. E lementary French (Special Reading Course). A special course designed for students who wish to acquire a reading knowledge of French in a single year. French 7-8 may be used to fulfill the requirements of certain departments or graduate schools, but not to satisfy the college foreign language requirement. 11,12. I ntroduction to Literature . In Course .11 the transition is made from reading as an aid to language learning to the consideration of literary values. The material is selected from classics of the nineteenth century, but it is not a systematic survey course. Prerequisite: French 4 or equivalent. In Course 12 the treatment is more historical with selected readings in Larousse editions from Rabelais to Rousseau. (Both courses are offered each semester.) 14. P rose de la Renaissance. Readings from Rabelais, Calvin, Montaigne. 15. L’A ge de Louis X IV. Selected prose and poetry of the seventeenth century exclusive of the theater. 16. Les "P hilosophes .” Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau; their contribution to the develop­ ment of the ideas on art, literature and society which characterize the French eighteenth century. 17. T héâtre Classique. The plays of Corneille, Racine and Molière and the growth of the classic ideal in French literature. 21. Littérature du M oyen A ge. Readings from medieval literature in modern French translations. 22. Rom an M oderne . Representative novelists from Balzac to Proust. 117 24. M alraux, Sartre, Camus , M auriac. Neo-humanism and contemporary tendencies. 25. Le Roman au 17e bt 18® Siècles . Selected novels before Balzac. 30. H istory o f I deas. Ideological background of modern literature. (Given in English.) 51. Special T opics . (For senior majors). Readings selected to fit the needs of individual seniors and to supplement their selection of courses. Not designed to prepare for any specific type of compre­ hensive examination but to give an opportunity in the senior year for the student to see his courses in perspective and to see possible relationships with work in other fields. H onors Seminars 100. Littérature du M oyen A gb. Old French readings in lyric poetry, theater and fiction. 101. La Renaissance e n F rance . Rabelais, Calvin, Montaigne, Ronsard et la Pléiade. 102. Le T héâtre C lassique. Corneille, Racine, Molière. 103. Le Sièclb des P hilosophes . Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau. 104. Balzac, Stendhal , F laubert, P roust. 106. P oésie M oderne . Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Mallarmé, Claudel, Verlaine, Valéry. 107. M odern E uropean Literature , (Given in English.) Four or five selected authors from German, French, English and Russian literature. While some honors seminars treat the same subject matter as the courses, the read­ ing required is more extensive both in the texts and in critical material. The work of a seminar corresponds to two half courses. 108. Le R oman du 20* Siècle . 118 German A ssociate P rofessors: H ilde D. Cohn Franz H. M autner A ssistant P rofessor: J ustus Rosenberg All students offering German for entrance are placed at the level where they can presumably profit best by the course, according to their rating in the College Entrance Examination or a test given by the department. German may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are the same for both course and honors students and are as follows: Required: German 11-12. Introduction to German Literature. Recommended supporting subjects: An advanced course in German literature, Shakespeare, Modern Philosophy, Psychology, Fine Arts, courses in other literatures, History of Germany. As far as possible German is the language of the classroom in all advanced courses and seminars. Since not all advanced courses and seminars are offered every year, students wishing a major or minor in German should plan their courses carefully in advance with the department in order to get a well rounded program. 1-2. E lementary G erman . For students who begin German in college. Equivalent of two years’ secondary school preparation. Fundamentals of German and easy literary prose such as Schnitzler: Der blinde Geronimo. 3. I ntermediate G erman . Prerequisite: German 1-2 or two years' secondary school preparation. Review grammar and narrative and expository prose of average difficulty such as Hesse: Knulp; Schweitzer: Leben und Denken. 4 . I n t e r m e d ia t e G e r m a n . Fulfills the college requirement for all students who wish to learn reading and speaking. Literary narrative, drama, poetry, expository prose of greater difficulty. Prerequisite: German 3 or equivalent. 6. W riting and Speaking G erman . Composition and conversation. Prerequisite: Course 3-4 or equivalent. 7-8. E lementary G erman (S pecial Reading Course ). A special reading course designed for those who wish to acquire a reading knowl­ edge of German in a single year. German 7-8 may be used to fulfill the require­ ments of certain departments or of graduate schools, but not to satisfy the college foreign language requirement. 11,12. I ntroduction to G erman Literature . A study of representative German authors; reading and discussion of dramas, novellen, and lyric poems. Not a survey course. Writing of critical reports. Prerequisite: German 4 or equivalent. 119 13. D ie D eutsche R om antik . An introductory study of the Romantic movement in Germany, with illustrative readings from representative authors such as Novalis, Tieck, Arnim, Brentano, Eichendorff. Lectures, discussion, papers in German. Prerequisite: Course 11-12 or equivalent. 14. D ie D eutsche N ovelle von G oethe bis T homas M a n n . Significant examples of this typically German genre will be read and interpreted as to contents, form and historical importance, as well as its relations to other European literatures. Authors: Goethe, Eichendorflf, Kleist, Stifter, Meyer, Keller, Storm, Thomas Mann. 15. D ie G oethe -Z eit . Goethe, Schiller and their contemporaries. studied. The most significant works will be 17. G oethes Faust, der T ragoedie Erster und Zw eiter T eil . An intensive study of Faust I, and II. Part One. Also for students who only know Faust, 18. M oderne D eutsche Literatur . A study of leading German writers of the twentieth century, including Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Hofmannsthal. Lectures, dis­ cussion, papers. Prerequisite: Course 11-12 or equivalent. 20. D ie D eutsche Lyrik . A critical study of German poetry from the classical age to the present time. The interrelation of form and "contents.” Reading will include, among others, Goethe, Schiller, Hölderlin, Eichendorflf, Heine, Mörike, Meyer, George, Rilke. H onors W ork The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors. Those actually given in any year vary according to the choices of the students and the con­ venience of the department. 101. M iddle H igh G erman Literature and P hilology . Introduction into Indo-European and Germanic philology and phonetics. Out­ line of development of the German language. Middle High German grammar. Brief survey of Old and Middle High German literature. Reading of MHG texts in the original, especially Nibelungenlied, Wolfram’s Parzival, and Walther von der Vogelweide. 102. T he A ge of Luther . Study of literary, historical, sociological and religious problems of the sixteenth century. Reading of outstanding authors of the period, such as Luther, Hans Sachs, Brant, Hutten, Fischart. A course or seminar in History of the Reforma­ tion is recommended as preparation for this seminar. 103. D eutsches Barock und A ufklaerung . A study of German literature in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The reforms of Opitz, the lyric poetry of the period, the mysticism of Angelus Silesius and Jakob Böhme, the plays of Gryphius, and the prose of Grimmels­ hausen; a study of Lessing in his most important dramas and critical writing. 104. G oethe . Goethe’s most significant works and his röle in German intellectual history will be studied. 120 105. D ie D eutsche Rom antik . Romanticism as the dominant movement in German literature and thinking of the first half of the nineteenth century. 106. D ie Literatur des "R ealismus” . Studies in the works of Grillparzer, Hebbel, Ludwig, Keller, Meyer, and Storm, and other writers of the drama, novel, and "Novelle” in the second half of the nineteenth century. 107. D eutsche Literatur Seit 1900. The chief writers from naturalism to expressionism: Gerhart Hauptmann’s dramas; Thomas Mann’s prose; Rainer Maria Rilke’s poetry; Hugo von Hof­ mannsthal’s prose and poetry; Kafka, Brecht. 108. D as D eutsche D rama . Representative examples of the dramatic genre in German literature from the end of the 18th century to the present. (In cooperation with other departments in the Division of the Humanities.) The most important problems of Linguistics, e. g., sound change, changes in accidence and syntax, semantic changes, geographical distribution and relation of languages. Indo-European, English, and American language problems. Relation­ ship between linguistics and psychology. Some knowledge of German, French, Latin, or Greek is desirable, reading knowledge of at least one foreign language required. Students who know non-Indo-European languages are especially wel­ come. The seminar is conducted in English. 130. Linguistic Science . Russian A ssistant P rofessor: J ustus Rosenberg Lecturer : O lga Lang Courses in the Russian language may be used to fulfill the college’s foreign language requirement. A major in Russian language and literature may be obtained by taking the courses listed below and additional courses offered at Bryn Mawr College. These courses are part of the Russian Studies program offered at Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges (see p. 148). Full Course Vocabulary and grammar. Oral and written translations from English into Russian and vice versa. Vocabulary building. Reading of short stories. Books: Essentials of Russian (Prentice-Hall), Stories by Lermontoff and Pushkin (Heath series). Five hours a week. 1-2. E l e m e n t a r y R u s s ia n . 3 , 4 . I n t e r m e d ia t e R u s s ia n . Review of grammar with special emphasis on use of prepositions, verb forms, numerals. Short area study, geography and history of Russia to the revolution of 1917. Advanced reading and composition. Books: Essentials of Russian (Prentice-Hall), Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press). 121 Spanish A ssociate P r o fe sso r : J am es D . Sorber A ssistant P r o fe sso r : E lisa A sen sio All students offering Spanish for entrance are placed at the level where they will presumably profit best by the course according to their rating in the College Entrance examination or a test given by the department. Spanish may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are the same for both course and honors students and are as follows: Required: Spanish 11-12 Introduction to Literature. Recommended supporting subjects: Introduction to Philosophy, Psychology, English or other foreign or classic literature, Fine Arts, South American History. Majors are expected to speak Spanish with sufficient fluency to take part in dis­ cussion in courses and seminars in the language and to pass an oral comprehensive or oral honors examination in Spanish. C ourses 1-2. E lementary Spanish . For students who begin Spanish in college. Equivalent to two years’ Spanish in high school. The emphasis is both on the spoken language and on reading. 3, 4. I ntermediate Spanish . For students who have had Spanish 1-2 or its equivalent (two years in high school). Students who have had three years usually enter Spanish 4. Grammar is reviewed. Reading is from Spanish and South American literature with em­ phasis on increasing the student’s vocabulary and his ability to discuss his read­ ing in oral and written Spanish. 9. Advanced Com position and D iction . For majors and others who wish an advanced course in which the emphasis is not primarily literary. An effort is made to correct faulty pronunciation and to improve self expression in the language both oral and written. 11,12. I ntroduction to Spanish Literature . Representative texts of modern Spanish and Latin American writers. Conducted in Spanish with frequent written work in Spanish. 13. E l T eatro M oderno . Plays of the major Spanish writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 14. La N ovela H ispanoamericana . Representative novelists from Mármol in Argentina to Revueltas in Mexico. 15,16. Las O bras db Cervantes. Novelas ejemplares. The Quixote. (A year course giving a thorough study of Cervantes. The first semester may stand alone.) 122 18. La N ovela e n L os Siglos X IX Y XX. Outstanding novelists from Romanticism to the present. 20. Special T opics for Senior M ajors . Readings selected to fit the needs of seniors and to supplement their selection of courses. Not designed to prepare for any specific type of comprehensive exam­ ination, but to give an opportunity in the senior year for the student to see his courses in perspective and to see possible relationships to work in other fields. Seminars 101. La N ovela H ispanoamericana . 102. La N ovela Española D el Siglo X IX . 103. Las O bras de Cervantes. 104. E l T eatro M oderno . 105. P oesía, T eatro y N ovela D el Siglo de O ro . Note: While the titles of seminars in Spanish correspond to the titles of courses, honors students read more extensively both ¿n the texts and critical work. The work of a seminar corresponds to that of two half courses. 123 Music P rofessor: A lfred J. Swan , Chairman* A ssistant Professor: P eter G ram Swing , Acting Chairman, 1st Semester L ecturers: Paul Creston J W illiam H. R eese The Department of Music is concerned with a broad outlook on the history of mu­ sic, an appreciation of music based on intelligent listening, a knowledge of the music of particular periods and forms, and a stimulation of creative work by classes in ele­ mentary composition and by the supervision of free composition by more advanced students. The courses outlined below fall into two categories. Historical courses serve to acquaint students with representative compositions from the early Christian era to modern times, and to train them in procedures of analysis that will equip them for historical research. Theoretical courses are designed to give the student a working basis in the materials of music and analysis as well as to prepare him for essays in free composition. Courses in both categories are devised so as to serve in the more elementary stages every music lover, and in the later stages the more specialized student who may desire to make music his profession. R equirements and R ecommendations Music majors in Course or Music majors and minors in Honors will be directed along these two channels with emphasis on one or the other, in rarer instances on both. The minimum requirement for a major in Music is eight half-year courses, four in theory or composition and four in history. (Under certain conditions a student may be permitted to take six half-year courses in history plus two in theory). Majors in course will normally be required to take ten half-year courses; majors in Honors four half-year courses plus four seminars. Candidates for a minor in Honors are re­ quired to meet the same standards of preparation demanded of a candidate for a major in Honors. Music 1-2 and 11-12 are required for all music majors. They should be taken no later than the Sophomore year and must be passed with a grade of B or higher. Music 61-62 is required for all students concentrating in music history. It will be offered every other year and should thus be taken either in the Junior or Senior year. Other upper-level history courses will be offered periodically and students concentrat­ ing in music history will select a minimum of two such courses. Music 71-72 is conducted for composers who have advanced in free composition for the purpose of reviewing, integrating and supplementing their work especially in the larger forms. It is recommended that music majors possess skill in playing a keyboard instrument and that they participate in the chorus or orchestra. * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. t Fall semester, 1956-57. 124 History of Music 1, 2. T he H istory of M usic in W estern Civilization . Mr. Swing. This course has two main objectives: to teach students to listen intelligently to music and to acquaint them with representative works from successive periods of music history, thereby furnishing the basis for a growing and life-long interest in music. Open to all students. Music X is a prerequisite for Music 2. 25. T he H istory of R ussian M usical Culture . Mr. Swan. This semester course is given, from time to time, for students who have taken Music 1-2, or those who are generally interested in the Russian Studies Program. 27. M otet and M adrigal in T udor England . Mr. Swing. Fall Semester This course has as its objective the study of form and style as applied to a particular corpus of music. It aims to train the student in analytical procedures that can be used in the study of all choral music. While examples will be drawn primarily from Tudor sources, contemporary Italian and Flemish compo­ sitions will also be examined. Major emphasis will be given to performance in class; therefore students will be expected both to read vocal scores and to sing (or play) parts with proficiency. The course is open to students with the consent of the instructor. 28. M ozart. Mr. Swing. Spring Semester A study of representative works in the light of modern criticism. Not offered in 1956-57. 29. J. S. Bach. Not offered in 1956-57. 31. H istory o f O rchestration . Not offered in 1956-57. 32. H istory of th e String Q uartet . Mr. Swing. Spring Semester A study of the string quartet with emphasis on its development as a genre. Representative works from the classic, romantic and modern period will be studied and, whenever possible, performed in class. Open to students with the consent of the instructor. 53-54. M odern M usic . Mr. Swan. Pull Course A study of the entire modern field, by schools and distinct characteristics. Con­ ducted as a seminar with frequent recourse to original sources, such as state­ ments, messages and rare scores by living composers, as also with occasional par­ ticipation by visiting musicians. Music 53 not offered in 1956-57. 61-62. P roblems in M usic H istory. Mr. Swing. Pull Course This course will select certain periods in music history for study and comparison. Emphasis will be given to analysis of musical structure and style with the study of primary and secondary sources (theoretical works, criticism, letters, etc.), brought in where appropriate. Open to students with the consent of the instruc­ tor. Not offered in 1956-57, offered in 1957-58. 125 H onors Seminars 127. M otet and M adrigal in T udor England . 128. M ozart. 129. J. S. Bach. 131. H istory of O rchestration . 132. H istory of th e String Q uartet . 153. M odern M usic, P art 1. Fall Semester 154. M odern M usic , Part 2. Spring Semester 161. P roblems in M usic H istory, Part 1. Fall Semester 162. P roblems in M usic H istory, P art 2. Spring Semester Theory and Composition 11-12. E lementary M usic T heory . Mr. Reese. Full Course This course deals with the general foundations of the musical language— scales, intervals, rhythm, formation of melodic patterns and their notation—and leads to elementary chord formation. Ear training is an important factor throughout the course. Full Course After practice in melodic patterns—the invention of his own canti firmi—the student applies to them imitational devices (two and three part imitation). Harmonization is taken up simultaneously. From short vocal compositions in motet form the student passes to trios for strings or wind, or combinations with piano. A pianistic exposition in abbreviated sonatina form may be attempted at the end of the year. Music 21 not offered in 1956-57. 21, 22. E lementary M usic Composition . Mr. Swan. 23. P rinciples of R hy thm . Mr. Creston. Pall Semester A study of metrical rhythm as practised in the music of Western civilization from the 16th century to the present day. Among the phases considered are: the elements of rhythm (meter, pace, accent and pattern); pre-classic dancerhythms; the five rhythmic structures; multimeters and multi-rhythms; and rhythmic forms. Specific exercises are given in the application of rhythmic principles which are of inestimable value to all who are interested in music. 51. Advanced M usical Composition . Mr. Creston. 52. Advanced M usical Com position . 71,72. T utorial . Mr. Swan. Fall Semester Spring Semester The Staff. H onors Seminars 123. P rinciples of Rh y th m . Fall Semester 151. A dvanced M usical Composition , Part 1. 152. Advanced M usical Composition , P art 2. 171. T utorial . 126 Fall Semester Spring Semester Philosophy and Religion Professors: Richard B. Brandt, Chairman J ohn M. M oore A ssociate P rofessors: M onroe C. Beardsley W illiam H ordern I nstructor : J erome A. Shaffer Lecturer : G ilmore Stott The study of philosophy consists in examining the beliefs to which one is com­ mitted by accepting scientific knowledge and common-sense views of the world; clarifying basic concepts; determining the circumstances under which statements may properly be said to be true in all fields of human inquiry and concern, including ethical and aesthetic discourse; and drawing the outlines of an account of human experience coherent with the evidence of the sciences. Because of the role of phil­ osophy in the history of human thought, and because of the relation of philosophical ideas to problems in other fields, philosophy may be studied as instrumental to the understanding of wider areas of history or thought. Religion is studied primarily as a system of ideas, both ethical and theological: systematically, through a consideration of representative forms of contemporary relig­ ious thought; and historically, through an examination of the great religions and the development of religion, particularly of the Judaeo-Christian tradition. R equirements for and M ajors Recommendations and M inors The minimum prerequisite to admission as a major in either philosophy or religion will normally be the completion of one year's work in the department. Students who major in philosophy must obtain permission in order to count for credit in fulfillment of their major requirement more than one course in religion; and students who major in religion must obtain permission in order to count for credit in fulfillment of their major requirement more than one course in philosophy. (Course 25 may be counted either as a course in philosophy or as a course in religion.) As supporting material for a major program in philosophy, the department recommends work in psychology. to P hilosophy . All instructors. Each Semester Several of the most important problems of philosophy, and alternative answers to them, are discussed. The nature and criteria of knowledge are emphasized, and implications of this issue for traditional problems are analyzed. Stress is laid on the writing of philosophical essays. X. I ntroduction 127 3-4. P hilosophical C lassics. Mr. Beardsley. Full Course The major problems of philosophy are approached through study of some of the great philosophical literature of the West. Plato’s Republic, Descartes’ Medi­ tations, and Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion will be read in their entirety; and selections will be read from Aristotle, Lucretius, Aquinas, Hobbes, Berkeley, Locke, J. S. Mill, and others. Students who take Course 1 may not elect Course 3-4. Note: Either Course 1 or Course 3-4 is a prerequisite for any other course in philosophy. Other courses may be taken in any order that is convenient. Members of the department will offer advice on request concerning an order of courses to suit individual needs. Students planning to do honors work should not take courses dealing with material to be covered in honors seminars. 11. Ethics . Mr. Stott. Each Semester A study of the principal theories that have been offered about moral decisions and their justification. Attention is paid to systematic differences in types of theories, but the method of study consists of a critical reading of the works of leading ethical philosophers including Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Kant, and Bentham. 12. Logic. Mr. Beardsley. Fall Semester An introduction to applied semantics and applied logic, both formal and in­ ductive. The emphasis is on principles and distinctions that are useful in ordinary reading and writing. 13. Selected M odern P hilosophers . Mr. Shaffer. Spring Semester A history of modern philosophy with primary emphasis on Descartes, Hume, and Schopenhauer, considered as representatives of three great traditions of modem thought. This course may appropriately be combined with work in any of the three divisions. 14. A nc ie n t P hilosophy . Mr. Shaffer. Fall Semester A study of ancient philosophy in all its aspects: ethics, political theory, meta­ physics, and aesthetics. Primary emphasis is placed on the dialogues of Plato; briefer attention is given to the pre-Socratics, Plato’s contemporaries, and Ajristotle. Recommended for students of literature and the social sciences. Spring Semester A consideration of scientific knowledge, its scope and limitations; of problems resulting from theory construction and the validation of scientific assertions; of probability and induction. 15. P hilosophy o f Science . 16. Contemporary P roblems. Mr. Brandt and Mr. Shaffer. Fall Semester Contemporary answers to fundamental problems, such as the functions of lan­ guage, the definition of truth, the foundations of knowledge, the nature of the self, and the perception of physical things. Readings in the works of the leading philosophers, such as Russell, Lewis, Ayer, and Dewey. 17. A esthetics . Mr. Beardsley. Spring Semester A study of some problems that arise in describing and evaluating works of art The course involves: (1) clarifying such basic terms of criticism as "form,” "style,” and "meaning” ; (2) examining the principles and underlying assump­ tions of criticism; and (3) analyzing the nature of aesthetic value, especially the claim that works of art are "good,” "beautiful,” and "true.” 128 Fall Semester A study of the methods of the social sciences, and of philosophical problems arising in this domain. Attention will be given to certain problems facing both social scientist and natural scientist, and to some problems primarily of interest to the social scientist. 18. Social P hilosophy . 25. P hilosophy of Religion . Mr. Moore. Spring Semester The nature of religion; the psychology and interpretation of religious experience; the problem of religious knowledge; the validity and difficulties of Christian theology and ethics. J2. Biblical R eligion and Ethics . Mr. Moore. Fall Semester Important parts of the Old and New Testament are examined, in order to trace the growth of Hebrew and Christian religions and the development of the ideas of the Judaeo-Christian tradition, both ethical and theological. 33. Early Christian T hought . Mr. Hordern. Fall Semester The rise and development of Christian thinking to the 13th century, the influence of Judaism and Greek philosophy, the formation of the creeds, Scholasticism, Augustine and Aquinas. 34. M odern Christian T hought . Mr. Hordern. Spring Semester The development of Christian thought from the Reformation to the twentieth century, with emphasis upon the relationship between Christian and secular thinking; the main ideas of the Reformation, church and sect in the Reforma­ tion, Roman Catholic development, Protestant orthodoxy, Protestant liberalism. 35. H istory of R eligions. Mr. Moore. Fall Semester An historical and comparative study of the world’s religions: primitive religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese and Japanese religion, Islam. Stress will be placed upon the ethical and philosophical teaching of these religions and their role in the interaction of modern cultures. Comparisons and contrasts will be made between these religions and Judaism and Christianity. 36. Problems of Christianity T oday. Mr. Hordern. Each Semester The purpose of this course is to study various answers to the chief religious problems of the twentieth century. Problems include: the nature of the Bible, science and religion, the existence of God, religion and social problems, religion and education, the meaning of history. Answers include: fundamentalism, liberalism, humanism, Christian orthodoxy and neo-orthodoxy. The student will be urged to find his own answers and to work out his own religious beliefs. 37. Religions of A merica. Mr. Hordern. Spring Semester A study of some of the more important American religious groups with regard 'o their history, teaching and present status. Visits will be made to representative s.urches and synagogues. . o l Q uakerism . Mr. Tolies. :e history of the Society of Friends to the present day. The characteristic u..., ' us and social ideas of the Quakers are considered in their historical setting. (May be counted toward a major in religion.) 129 H onors W ork For admission to honors in philosophy, the requirement is normally two semester courses drawn from those numbered from 1 to 25. For admission to honors work in religion, the requirement is normally two semester courses selected from among courses numbered 1, and 25 to 45. 101. M oral P hilosophy . Mr. Brandt and Mr. Shaffer. A seminar in ethics, both systematic and historical. The first part of the semester is devoted to the basic theory of value and obligation; the second part to problems concerning justice, liberty, reward, punishment, human rights, and other issues of social ethics. Mr. Shaffer. The development of Greek thought in ethics, metaphysics, logic, and science, with special attention to Plato and Aristotle. Emphasis is given to tracing the emer­ gence of distinctively philosophical and scientific methods, and the relation of these methods to contemporary techniques. 102. A ncient P hilosophy . 103. H istory o f M odern P hilosophy . Mr. Beardsley and Mr. Shaffer. The development of modern thought from Bacon and Descartes to Kant. This seminar may appropriately be combined with work in any of the three divisions. 104. C lassic P roblems in P hilosophy . Mr. Brandt and Mr. Shaffer. A systematic study of some basic problems such as the theory of meaning, universals and particulars, the nature and criteria of truth, the justification of memory knowledge and induction, theories of perception and the nature of the self and its relation to material nature. The reading is in the works of contemporary writers such as Broad, Russell and Lewis. 105. P hilosophy of Science . An investigation into the nature of scientific knowledge, the distinctions between sciences, the methods appropriate to them. Analyses of the concepts of prob­ ability, induction, verifiability, explanation, space, time, causality, as these are used in science. 106. A esthetics. Mr. Beardsley. A systematic examination of the philosophy of art and the methodological founda­ tions of criticism. Recommended for students of literature, music and the fine arts. 107. Social P hilosophy . A study of the methods of the social sciences, and of philosophical problems arising within this domain. Attention will be given to certain problems facing both social scientist and natural scientist and to some problems primarily of interest to the social scientist. Materials will be drawn from the social sciences with which members of the seminar are most familiar. 108. Symbolic Logic. This seminar will present enough of the basic technique of symbolic logic to use it in investigating the logical basis of mathematics. Among the topics to be studied are: the definition of natural, rational, and real numbers; the logical paradoxes; problems about infinity; alternative philosophies of mathematics; problems encountered in developing adequate and consistent logical systems for mathematics. 130 109. T hb T heory of V alues . Mr. Brandt, Mr. Asch, and Mr. Madison. An examination of the major problems concerning values, as they arise in the fields of philosophy, psychology, and anthropology. Literature representing the influential positions will be discussed. The emphasis will be on theoretical issues, especially the philosophical ones. 110. M edieval P hilosophy . Mr. Hordern. Philosophical thought from Augustine to the fifteenth century. Attention will be paid both to specific problems such as universals, analogy, and epistemology and to outstanding thinkers such as Anselm, Aquinas, Scotus and Ockham. Al­ though the primary emphasis will be historical, attention will be paid to the contemporary relevance of medieval thought. 111. T he I dea of G od in W estern T hought . Mr. Hordern. An examination will be made of writings which have contributed most to Western concepts of God. The study will include Plato, Aristotle, the Bible, Athanasius, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Kant, Schleiermacher, Rudolf Otto, C. S. Lewis and others. 112. M odern R eligious P hilosophers . Mr. Hordern. This seminar will concentrate on representative religious thinkers or schools of thought in the present century. These will include Jacques Maritain, AngloCatholicism, Brunner, Liberalism, Reinhold Niebuhr, John Bennett, A. J. Muste, Paul Tillich and Will Herberg. 120. T hesis . A thesis may be submitted by majors in the department in place of one of the seminars, upon application by the student and at the discretion of the Depart­ ment. 131 Physical Education for Men D irector of Athletics and P hysical Education ate Professor: W illis J. Stetson for M en and A ssoci­ A ssociate Professors: Robert H. D u n n Lewis H. Elverson Edwin J. Faulkner A ssistants: A very F. Blake G omer D avies J ohn B. H. D onaldson Richard C. M adison James J. M cAdoo J ames H. M iller College P hysician : D r. M orris A. Bowie The course in Men’s Physical Education is designed to acquaint each participant with both team and individual sports. The value of team play is developed while emphasis is also placed on the so-called "carry over” sports which one can enjoy after graduation. Each individual, while benefiting from the physical exercise, also becomes better acquainted with the fundamentals, rules, etc., of the various sports and so is better able to enjoy these activities as a spectator. The intercollegiate athletic program is a comprehensive one with varsity schedules in eleven different sports. In many of these activities there are contests arranged for junior varsity and freshman teams, thus providing ample opportunity for large numbers of men to engage in intercollegiate competition. Faculty Requirements Physical education is required of all non-veteran freshmen and sophomores unless excused by the College physician. During this two-year period, men students must attend a minimum of three classes per week. All men not excused for medical or other reasons are expected to fulfill this requirement. A semester’s work failed in the first two years must be repeated in the Junior year. No man with a deficiency in physical education will be permitted to enter his Senior year. Fall A ctivities Badminton ♦Cross Country ♦Football Golf ♦Soccer Swimimng Tennis Touch Football W in t e r A ctivities Badminton ♦Basketball Boxing Lacrosse ♦Swimming Tennis Track Volley Ball ♦Wrestling Sp r in g A ctivities ♦Baseball ♦Golf ♦Tennis ♦Track ♦Lacrosse Softball * Indicates intercollegiate competition. 132 Physical Education for Women A ssociate P rofessor: Virginia Rath , Chairman A ssistant Professors: I rene M oll M ay E. Parry A ssistants: K ay Frey A lice W illetts College P hysician : D r. M orris A. Bowie The aim of this Department is to contribute to the education of all women students through the medium of physical activity. We believe this contribution can best be achieved through participation in a broad program of recreational, rhythmic and developmental activities. Therefore the program provides: instruction and experience in sports and dancing; swimming ability for all; corrective and developmental exer­ cises. It is our hope that the student will also acquire: appreciation of the dance as a fine art; the meaning of good sportsmanship; added endurance; good posture; leadership training; joy in outdoor exercise; and a program of interests and skills that will carry over for the individual and her community after college. Classes are kept small to insure individual attention, and students are grouped according to ability. Ample opportunities are given for intramural and intercollegiate competition, as well as for public performances and demonstrations. Freshmen and sophomores take three periods of activity each week. These may be elected from classes listed below with the stipulation that they take swimming until a test is passed; take a rhythmic activity; take a team sport; take Body Mechanics if the posture grade indicates a need for it. Regulation costumes should be ordered before college opens. Blanks for this purpose will be sent out from the Office of the Dean to all incoming students. Spo rts H ockey. Miss Parry, Mrs. Willets. Fall Term Class and Varsity. Archery . Miss Rath. Fall and Spring Class and Varsity. T en nis . Miss Parry, Miss Rath, Mr. Faulkner, Miss Moll. Fall, Winter and Spring Class and Varsity, Winter and Spring. G olf . Miss Moll. Fall and Spring Class and Varsity. Sw imming . Miss Rath, Miss Parry. Fall, Winter and Spring Beginner, intermediate and advanced classes in strokes and diving. Class and Varsity. 133 Winter Basketball. Miss Moll, Miss Parry, Mrs. Willetts. Class and Varsity. Badminton . Miss Parry, Miss Rath, Mr. Faulkner. Winter Class and Varsity. Soft Ball . Miss Moll. Spring Class and Varsity. Lacrosse. Mrs. Willetts. Spring Class and Varsity. V olley Ball . Miss Moll, Miss Parry. Winter Class and Varsity. R hythmic A ctivities Fa//, Winter and Spring D ancing . Class and Club. F olk and Square D ancing . Miss Moll. Fall, Winter and Spring Open to men students also. D evelopment and Service A ctivities Body M echanics . Miss Rath. Winter Required of all first-year students whose posture indicates a need for it. Recreational Leadership . Miss Moll, Miss Rath. Winter and Spring Theory and practice teaching in recreational activities of all kinds. Given in alternate years. Red Cross Life Saving . Miss Rath and members of Instructor Training Board. Winter and Spring Senior and Instructors’ courses. 134 Physics Professor: W illiam C. Elmore, Chairman A ssociate Professors: D ennison Bancroft M ilan W . G arrett Instructor : D aniel W illard The physics department, through its introductory course in general physics, en­ deavors to give an integrated account of basic physics. In this course, as well as in the advanced work of the department, emphasis is placed on quantitative, analytical reasoning, as distinct from the mere acquisition of facts and skills. The intro­ ductory course makes no pretense of covering all material of interest to physicists, but rather comprises a selection of topics which form a coherent group. Advanced work in the department involves a more intensive study of topics covered at the introductory level, and of many phases of modern physics which require a considerable background in mathematics and electricity. In all courses and sem­ inars particular importance is attached to laboratory work, inasmuch as physics is primarily an experimental science. Requirements and Recommendations for M ajors and M inors Students who intend to major in physics normally take Course 1, 2 in the fresh­ man year and Course 11, 12 in the sophomore year. In addition they should complete Course 12 in mathematics and Course 2 in chemistry by the end of the sophomore year. In view of graduate school requirements, and of the extensive literature of physics in German, it is strongly recommended that the student fulfill his language requirement in German. A grade of C or better in Course 1, 2 is prerequisite for all further work in the department. The work of the last two years normally involves an honors program, and includes three seminars in physics and three seminars in mathematics. Other seminars in the program are usually chosen from electrical engineering, chemistry, or philosophy. Such a program is a particularly satisfactory way of preparing for graduate or other professional work in physics or in mathematics. However, it constitutes in itself an effective educational program, since the aim throughout is to achieve an understanding of fundamental ideas and concepts, as distinct from the mastery of information, skills and techniques in a limited segment of science. Course Statement 1, 2. G eneral P hysics. Staff. Full Course An introductory course in basic physics open to all students. No prerequisite other than those for college entrance is assumed. This course or its equivalent must precede any advanced courses or seminars in physics. It is required of most science majors. Three lectures, a conference and a laboratory period weekly. Separate credit given for each semester's work. 135 11,12. M echanics , H eat and Sound . Mr. Willard. The material for this course is drawn from the fields of mechanics, elasticity, wave motion, kinetic theory, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. Since ex­ tensive use is made of the calculus, a course in this subject must precede or be taken concurrently. This course is recommended for physics majors and should meet the needs of other students desiring a second course in physics. Three conference hours and one laboratory period weekly. H onors W o rk JaB Semester This seminar covers those aspects of physics directly connected with light, radia­ tion and atomic structure. Topics include geometrical optics, physical optics, spectroscopy, spectral series, X-rays, and elementary quantum theory. In so far as practicable all theoretical conclusions are directly supported by laboratory work. Prerequisite: Physics 1, 2 and Mathematics 11, 12. 101. O ptics, Spectra and Atomic Structure . 102. E lectricity and M agnetism . Mr. Garrett. Pall Semester Based primarily on Page and Adams' Principles of Electricity and Harnwell’s Principles of Electricity and Electromagnetism. It covers static and dynamic electricity, magnetism and electromagnetism, with some electronics. The em­ phasis throughout is on fundamental analysis rather than application. The laboratory includes measurements in direct and alternating currents and in magnetism, together with some fundamental experiments in electronics. Mathe­ matics seminars in advanced calculus and differential equations are normally prerequisite. 103. M odern P hysics. Mr. Elmore. Spring Semester The topics covered in this seminar include electromagnetic theory of radiation, special relativity, wave mechanics, isotopes, nuclear physics and high-energy par­ ticle physics. The seminar discussions are accompanied by a full-day laboratory period each week. This seminar must be preceded by that in electricity and mag­ netism. Spring Semester A study of selected topics, mostly drawn from classical physics. Little duplica­ tion occurs of theoretical material covered in the other seminars offered by the department. Based for the most part on Page’s Introduction to Theoretical Physics. Not accompanied by laboratory. Prerequisites: Physics 11, 12 and Mathematics 101, 102. Not offered regularly. 104. T heoretical P hysics. 136 Political Science Professor: J. Roland P ennock , Chairman A ssociate Professor: M urray S. Stedman , Jr . A ssistant P rofessors: Charles E. G ilbert Charles B. McLANEf Lecturer : P hilip E. J acob The aim of the Department of Political Science is to study, both in ideal and in reality, the place of the state in society and to contribute to an understanding of the purposes, organization, and operation of political institutions, domestic and international. For the beginning student, the Department offers an introduction to the nature of politics and to the problems of various political systems. For those who become majors or for others who take additional work in political science, courses are provided which will permit giving special attention to the areas of political theory, comparative government, government in the United States, and international political institutions. R equirements and R ecommendations for M ajors Course 1-2 is prerequisite to all other work in the department. Students who intend to major in political science should, preferably, take Course 1-2 in the freshman^ year and Course 11 in the sophomore year. Students who desire to concentrate on inter­ national affairs without taking the full International Relations Program referred to below may substitute Comparative Government (Political Science 15) or The Soviet System (Political Science 19) for Course 11. Majors are also required to take Economics 1-2. Courses in Accounting and Statistics (Economics 3 and 4) and in American history are recommended. Political Theory, either in seminar or in course, is required of all majors; course majors should take Course 60. P rogram in I nternational R elations Students who plan to enter upon a career in the field of international relations should include in their programs, during the first two years, the introductory courses in economics, history and political science and should complete the intermediate course in one or more modern languages. Advanced courses selected from the groups listed below may be incorporated in the programs of students who do their major work in economics, history, political science, or a modern language. Those students who wish to concentrate in international relations may take their Senior Comprehensive Examination in this field. Students preparing for this exam­ ination should take eight, nine, or ten half courses from among those listed below, including all of those listed in Group I, one or more in Group II, and one or more in Group III. The examination is administered by a committee appointed by the chairmen of the Departments of Economics, History, and Political Science, under the Chairmanship of the Department of Political Science. t Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. 137 G roup I Political Science 12—International Politics Political Science 13—International Law and Organization Political Science 57-58—American Foreign Policy Economics 60—International Economics G roup II History 11—The Other American Republics History 14—Russia History 52—Modern Britain G roup III Political Political Political Political Science Science Science Science 15—Comparative Government 19—The Soviet System 20—Far Eastern Politics 59—Modern Political Theory. Students who plan to enter the honors program will find it possible to select a similar combination of courses and seminars in the field of international relations. In planning such programs, they should consult with the chairmen of their pros­ pective major departments. Courses 1-2. I ntroduction All members of the department. Full Course The foundations of politics—sociological, psychological, and economic; nature and development of political institutions; types of government. A study of examples of the major forms of government, followed by a more detailed study of the national government of the United States. Political Science 1-2 is open to all students and is prerequisite to all other courses offered by the department. Credit is not given for a single semester of this course. to P olitical Science . 11. Problems in Com m unity G overnment . Mr. Gilbert. Spring Semester Study of selected problems in community life and government, at both local and state levels. Includes topics such as centralization and home rule; governmental reorganization; corruption, bossism and reform; urban and rural planning and development. Emphasis is placed on field work and original research, using one of the nearby communities as a laboratory. 12. I nternational P olitics. Alternate Years, Fall Semester An introduction to the principles and problems of international politics—including the study of political geography, the composition and balance of international power, such worldwide phenomena as nationalism and imperialism, and the techniques of diplomacy. 13. I nternational Law and O rganization . Alternate Years, Spring Semester The development of international law and organization—including a study of the major problems of international law and world government, the organiza­ tion and work of the League of Nations, the United Nations, regional agencies, and international administration. Prerequisite: Political Science 12. 15. Comparative G overnment . Mr. Stedman. Alternate Years, Fall Semester (Not offered in 1956-57.) A critical study of the political systems of major foreign democracies, with spe­ cial emphasis on France. The ability to read French is desirable but not essential. 138 19. T he Soviet System . Mr. McLane. Spring Semester (Also listed as Russian Studies 19.) The structure and operation of the economic and political institutions of the Soviet Union, described and analyzed in the light of their theoretical and his­ torical background. Soviet foreign policy is also treated. 20. Far Eastern P olitics. Mr. McLane. Pall Semestei A study of Far Eastern politics with the chief emphasis on China and the rise of communism. Government and politics in Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia will also be studied. 51. P ublic Administration . Mr. Gilbert. Alternate years, Fall Semester (Not offered in 1956-57.) An analysis of administration in modern governments with illustrative material drawn chiefly from the national government of the United States and with particular reference to recent developments. Problems of administrative organ­ ization, conduct of regulatory and managerial activities, financial administration, personnel, public relations, administrative law, politics and administration. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement. 52. A merican Constitutional Law . Mr. Gilbert or Mr. Pennock Fall Semester The role of the Supreme Court in the American political system, viewed both historically and through analysis of leading cases. Areas of Constitutional devel­ opment emphasized are: the nature and exercise of judicial review ; federalism and the scope of national power; civil liberties. Open to Sophomores and upperclassmen. Sophomores carrying five courses will be relieved of the term paper requirement. 53. A merican P arty P olitics. Mr. Stedman. Alternate years, Fall Semester An historical and functional analysis of American political parties, including a study of interest groups, public opinion, electoral devices, political leaders, and proposals for the reorganization of the existing party structure. 54. H istory of P olitical T heory . Mr. Pennock. Fall Semester The development of thought on the nature of the state and of individual rights and duties, based largely on readings of the chief political philosophers from Plato to Rousseau. Topics studied include: Greek and Roman political thought; medieval universalism and the divine right of kings; the Reformation and the development of contractual theory; natural law and natural rights. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement. 55. A merican P olitical T hought . Mr. Stedman. Alternate years, Spring Semester A study of the development of American political thought: the colonial period; the Revolution; Jeffersonian Democracy; Jacksonian Democracy; the nature of newer currents, including the progressive movement, labor, and conflicts between church and state. 56. J urisprudence . Mr. Pennock. Spring Semester (Not offered in 1956-57.) A study of the sources and nature of law; historical, sociological and philosophic approaches to legal theory; the nature of the judicial process; key problems of jurisprudence illustrated by case study in selected areas of American constitutional law. 139 Alternate years, Full Course 57-58. A merican F oreign P olicy. (Not offered in 1956-57.) A full-year’s course in the study of contemporary American foreign policy towards selected areas of the world. The agencies which determine foreign policy within the United States are examined and close attention is given to the history, econ­ omy, and local problems of the regions in which American foreign policy oper­ ates. Open to juniors and seniors only. 59. M odern P olitical T heory . Mr. Gilbert or Mr. Pennock. Spring Semester Political theory from the Enlightenment to the present. Utilitarianism, Idealism, and Neo-idealism; anarchism, Marxism, and later socialist doctrines; monistic and pluralistic theories of sovereignty. Considerable time will be devoted to analysis of democratic and totalitarian theories, and to the political problems of democratic economic planning. 60. Special T opics in P olitical Science . Mr. Stedman. Spring Semester This course, conducted in seminar fashion, is designed for senior majors. By means of papers and assigned readings it covers aspects of political science not elsewhere intensively developed and helps the students to integrate materials studied previously. H onors W ork Prerequisite: Political Science 1-2. The following seminars prepare for examination for a degree with Honors: 101. P olitical T heory . Mr. Pennock. Each Semester The nature of the state, the basis of political obligation, sovereignty and the nature of law, problems of freedom and authority, theoretical analysis of forms of government, theories of revolution—all in the light of the theories set forth by writers on these subjects from Plato to the present. 102. P olitics and Legislation . Mr. Stedman. Each Semester A study of the political process: purposes of the state; the relation of the general welfare to special interest; public opinion; voters and electoral systems; parties and politicians; the functions and organization of the legislature. 103. Problems in G overnm ent and A dministration . Mr. Gilbert. Fall Semester A detailed study of the forms and functions of modern government, particularly on the administrative side. Problems of administrative organization, policy­ making and responsibility in the light of democratic political purposes and pro­ cesses and the legal, sociological and economic setting. Emphasis is on United States experience, although relevant experience abroad is examined. 104. International P olitics, Law , a n d O rganization . Fall Semester A comprehensive inquiry into the principles and problems of international politics, international law, and international organization. 105. A merican Foreign Policy . Spring Semester An investigation of contemporary American foreign policy throughout the world; how foreign policy is determined, the agencies which implement it, and an evaluation of the U. S. national interest in key areas of Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia. 140 106. P ublic Law and J urisprudence . Mr. Pennock. Spring Semester Sources and nature of law; historical, sociological, philosophic, and "realistic” approaches to law; key problems of jurisprudence illustrated by study of the fields of federalism and civil liberties in American constitutional law. 107. T he Soviet System . Mr. McLane. Pall Semester A study of Soviet economic and political development with special attention to the problems involved in the operation of a totalitarian political system and a centralized planned economy. 108. C omparative G overnment . Messrs Gilbert and Stedman. Spring Semester Advanced study of comparative government; governmental structures and polit­ ical processes of Britain and France, with some reference to Italy; inquiries into common problems, such as planning, defense, nationalization, and trans-national political movements. All members of the department. Approval must be secured early in the student’s junior year. 120. T hesis. 141 Psychology and Education P ro fesso rs : So l o m o n E. A s c h ' W o lfg a n g K o h l e r , Research Professor Emeritus of Philos­ ophy and Psychology (on special research grant). W illia m C. H . P r e n t ic e J o s e p h B. Sh a n e H a n s W a l l a c h *, Acting Chairman V isitin g A ssociate P r o fe sso r : E ckhard H ess A ssistan t P ro fesso rs : A r t h u r I. G la d sto n e ! H e n r y G l e it m a n P e t e r M adison A l l e n P arducci L e c t u r e r : A lice K . B rodhead The work of the Department of Psychology deals with the scientific study of human behavior and experience: the basic processes of perception, learning, thinking and motivation, and consideration of their relation to development of the individual per­ sonality; and the social relations of the individual to other persons and to groups. For those students planning for graduate and professional work in psychology the courses and seminars of the department are designed to provide a sound basis of understanding of psychological principles and a grasp of research method. Other students learn the nature of psychological inquiry and the psychological approach to various problems encountered in the humanities, the social sciences and the life sciences. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R e c o m m e n d a t io n s Introductory Psychology is required of all students who wish to take other courses in the department. Students who wish to take Honors Seminars or advanced courses may offer Psychology 1 and any other half-course as evidence of their competence. Honors majors will be required to offer Psychology 4 (Elementary Experimental Psy­ chology), and it is advisable for most students to take that course as their second course unless they are certain that they do not wish to become Psychology majors. Courses in education— 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 will not be credited toward a major in psychology. Education alone may not be elected as a major subject, and not more than two full courses in education will be accepted for credit toward the bachelor’s degree. Swarthmore students may fulfill the Pennsylvania requirements for the certification of secondary school teachers by taking: 1. Psychology 1—Introductory Psychology. 2. Education 11—Educational Psychology. * Absent on leave, fall semester, 1956-57. f Absent on leave, spring semester, 1956-57. 142 3. Education 14—Introduction to Teaching. 4. Two courses to be chosen from among: a. Education 12—Principles of Secondary Education. b. Education 13—Methods of Secondary Education. c. Education 15—History of Education. 5. History 4, 5, 4x, or 5x—The United States (arrangements must be made for special work in the History of Pennsylvania). 6. A minimum of three full courses (or six half-courses) in the subject or field in which the student expects to teach. 7. Education 16—Practice Teaching. Swarthmore students may receive credit toward a Pennsylvania elementary school certificate by taking: 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. Psychology 1—Introductory Psychology. Psychology 16—Child Psychology. Education 11—Educational Psychology. Education 14—Introduction to Teaching. History 4, 5, 4x, or 5x—The United States (with special work in Pennsylvania history). Psychology 1. I ntroductory P sychology. Mr. Gleitman. Each Semester Three lectures plus weekly conference hour to be arranged. A survey of the problems studied by psychologists and of the facts and theories of modern be­ havior study. Chief emphasis is given to basic contributions in perception, learn­ ing, thinking, and motivation. 4. E lementary Experimental P sychology. Mr. Wallach and Staff. Each Semester Laboratory section one afternoon per week to be arranged. An introduction to experimental thinking and laboratory techniques in psychology. 5. Anim al Experimentation . Mr. Gleitman. Offered irregularly on request as a substitute for Psychology 4. Students desiring to exercise this option should con­ sult with the Staff at least one semester in advance. 52. M otivation . Mr. Prentice. Spring Semester Emphasis is upon the role of dynamic factors (drives, needs, values) in the de­ termination of behavior. Consideration is given to the measurement of motives, the relationship between biological and psychological tension-systems, conflict, frustration, success and failure, reward and punishment. Evaluation of the theories of motivation of McDougall, Tolman, Lewin, Allport, Murray and Freud. Term paper or design of an original experiment is required. 54. Learning and T hin king . Mr. Gleitman, Mr. Parducci. Fall Semester An advanced course in problems, facts, and theories about man’s creative thought, problem-solving, and memory. Some use will also be made of animal evidence and of current systematic approaches. 55. Child P sychology. Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Prentice. Spring Semester The development of the child from birth through puberty, studied in terms of basic psychological principles. Important theories and practices of child-' rearing are evaluated in the light of experimental and cross-cultural data. Topics include the significance of infantile and childhood experience on subsequent per­ sonality development, parent-child relationships, sibling rivalry, and the "be­ havior problems” which typically occur during the socialization process. One 143 of the following is required: (1) acting as an assistant in a child-care center for approximately 20 hours, (2) an intensive study of a single child, (3) individual or group experimental or observational research, (4) a term paper. 56. Social Psychology. Mr. Asch, Mr. Gladstone. Each Semester A study of some basic processes and products of interaction between persons and groups and between groups. The following topics are covered: The forma­ tion of the social field of the individual. Perception of persons as psychological entities. Perception of groups. Formation of the self; social relations of the self. Psychological forces supporting group-belonging. Functional consequences of group membership. The psychological investigation of group processes. Group requirements and group standards. Formation and change of attitudes. 57. P sychological T ests and M easurements . Mr. Madison. Alternate years (Not offered in 1956-57.) The concept of psychological measurements as applied to tests of intelligence, personality, interests, and abilities. The course surveys a wide variety of contemporary tests and studies intensively the characteristics and underlying assumptions of one representative test of each major type. 58. P ersonality . Mr. Madison, Mr. Gladstone. Fall Semester Contemporary thought on the personality concept, considered broadly as the individual’s characteristic representation of and reaction to events of emotional significance in living. The adjustive, motivational and cognitive aspects of per­ sonality. Topics such as the nature of our phenominal experience of self and of personality, the concepts of unrecognized and unconscious processes, personality types, and the characteristics of good and poor adjustment. The general prob­ lems of the origin, development and persistence of personality habits and the conditions under which change is possible. Particular interest in psychoanalytic and cognitive theory. 59. A bnormal P sychology. Mr. Madison. Alternate years (Not offered in 1956-57.) The principal forms of mental disorder, their causes and treatment. Emphasis is on those aspects of abnormality that are intelligible in terms of a psychological frame of reference, rather than on more purely physical or medical problems. Particular interest in the relation of ideas in abnormal psychology to the concepts of general psychology, and in therapy as a problem in personality change. 60. P hysiological P sychology. (Not offered in 1956-57.) The physiological foundations of human and animal behavior, including sensory function, metabolic and endocrine functions, the nervous system, and response mechanisms; the application of such facts to motives and appetites, to emotion, to perceiving, and to learning and thinking. Full course. Fall Semester 61-62. Experimental Seminar . The Staff. _______ __ how to conceive, design, „ . and carry. out A course in_______. experimental thinking: original experiments on psychological problems. Instructor and students begin with a problem or problem-area and develop experimental attacks by group discussion. The actual experiments so designed are carried out by the students with supervision and are interpreted and evaluated by the group. Students pre­ sent formal reports on each experiment. 63-64. Systematic Seminar . The Staff. Full course. Spring Semester A double credit course requiring half the student’s time for a semester. This seminar covers the major integrative theories or approaches^ to psychology, includ­ ing structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalttheorie, and psychoanalysis. 144 Major students who so elect will take Courses 61-62 and 63-64 in their senior year, and the courses are open only to senior psychology majors except by special arrange­ ment. 66. R esearch in P ersonality . Mr. Madison. Fall Semester The course aims to teach personality concepts in their concrete relation to the lives of actual persons, to engage early the student’s scientific interest in the task of developing new concepts in this area, and to teach research skills for the intensive study of personality. The work of the semester centers around a par­ ticular research problem. A principal research area has been the study of per­ sonality during the college years. Typical past projects within this area have included intensive studies of successful Swarthmore student personalities, the study of the origin and persistence of the individual’s conception of himself, and the conditions under which personality change is possible. Research procedures that are appropriate to the problem are used. These might include such tech­ niques as the Interview, Q-sort, Thematic Apperception Test, Rorschach Test, and a wide variety of contemporary methods suitable to the problem at hand. Prerequisites: Consent of the instructor. Enrollment limited. The following courses are not to be counted toward a major in psychology and are not included in the comprehensive examination; they are designed primarily for stu­ dents whose major work is in other departments, although Course 40 is strongly urged as an elective for psychology students. 40. Statistics for P sychology and Education . (Not offered in 1956-57.) An elementary survey of the principles and concepts of sampling, the techniques of describing data in quantitative terms, and certain notions of probability and in­ ference. Measures of central tendency and dispersion; correlation; significance of differences. 41. T he Psychology of D ramatic Experience and Presentation . Mr. Gleitman. Spring Semester The object of this course is to explore some possible contributions of scientific psychology—in particular, the psychology of emotional expression—to an area hitherto the domain only of intuitive artists. Topics of discussion will include structural aspects of dramatic forms, the experience of the comic and the tragic, psychological problems of timing and rhythm, theories of acting and direction, and the like. The course will involve some laboratory work, testing relevant hypotheses with standard experimental techniques. Permission of instructor is necessary. Prerequisite, Psychology 1. Some contact with drama either through the litera­ ture or in practice is desirable. Three hours lecture per week and 2 hours laboratory. 42. A pplied Social Psychology. (Not offered in 1956-57.) This course deals with communications within groups, leadership, attitudes and propaganda, wage payment plans, consumer motivation and behavior, and the structure of organizations. Attention will be given to the application of concepts that have been drawn from the laboratory study of motivation, perception, and learning. 43. E motional and M otivational Processes. Mr. Asch, Mr. Hunt, and Dr. Saul. Fall Semester The role of emotions and motives in the process of reaching maturity. In addi­ tion to readings in the general literature, a number of case histories will be studied. To increase the student’s insight into the difficulties and possibilities of emotional growth. 145 Education 11. Educational P sychology. Mr. Prentice. Fall Semester The application of psychological principles concerned with the processes of thinking, learning and motivation to the problems of education. Prerequisite: Course 1. 12. Principles of Secondary Education . Mr. Shane. Fall Semester A study of the principles of secondary education, with emphasis upon aims and organization. Visits to nearby schools are made. 13. M ethods of Secondary Education . Mr. Shane. Fall Semester A review and critical analysis of the methods used in secondary education. 14. I ntroduction to T eaching . Mrs. Brodhead. Each Semester Current educational theory and practice. Weekly seminar plus three hours a week assisting in a classroom in the local schools. 15. H istory of Education . Mrs. Brodhead. Each Semester Educational thought in our western culture from the Greeks to the present day. Weekly seminar. 16. P ractice T eaching . Mrs. Brodhead. A limited number of students may complete the Pennsylvania requirements in the Swarthmore High School summer session under the direction of their teaching staff. Students should enroll for this course at the January registration. H onors Seminars 101. P erception . Mr. Wallach, Mr. Prentice. Reading and discussion combined with independent experimental projects. The student is expected to know the basic facts about human perceptual mechanisms, particularly visual ones, by the time he has completed this seminar. Specific topics covered are: color vision, grouping and form, depth and distance, size, movement, influences of learning and of needs or attitudes, general theory of perception. When time permits, some attention is given to parallel problems in other senses. 102. Learning and T hin king . M r. Gleitman. Deals with principles of adaptive behavior, the functions of memory and think­ ing; the nature of understanding and problem-solving; the nature of intelligence. 103. M otivation . Mr. Asch, Mr. Gladstone. A systematic and experimental approach to the dynamics of behavior, based on material drawn from the laboratory and the clinic, and covering the following topics: instinctive behavior and biological drives; the relation of motivation and learning; derived motivation; the relation of perception and motivation; frus­ tration and its relation to aggression, regression; level of aspiration; success and failure; substitution and sublimation; ego needs and the nature of the ego; emotion and feeling; contemporary theories of motivation. 104. I ndividual in Society . Mr. Asch, Mr. Gladstone. The relationship between man and his society, approached from the points of view of social psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology; the study of group-structures and the psychological consequences of group-membership; the critique of available procedures for scientific treatment of group-behavior and group-influences. 146 105. P ersonality . Mr. Madison. The personality concept, considered broadly as the individual’s characteristic repre­ sentation of and reaction to events of emotional significance in living. Principal attention to the origin of contemporary thought on personality in Freud’s writings and the relation of his concepts to general theory in psychology. Topics such as the adjustive, motivational and cognitive aspects of personality, the nature of our phenomenal experience of self and of personality, the concepts of unrecognized and unconscious processes, personality types, the characteristics of good and poor adjustment, and methods of personality study. Problems of the origin, persistence and change of personality habits as these are understood in personality theory on the one hand and in the psychology of learning and perception on the other. Laboratory work in the study of problems in personality when conditions permit. Mr. Prentice. An investigation of the concepts of psychological growth, including sensori-motor skill, intellectual and emotional functions, and personality. Readings in experi­ mental and clinical literature; some direct observation and experimentation with children. 106. D evelopm ent . 120. T hesis . All members of the department. May be presented as a substitute for one seminar, provided the student is doing major work in psychology with four seminars, and provided some member of the department is available to undertake the direction of the thesis. M a ster ’s D egree A limited number of students may be accepted for graduate study toward the Master’s degree in psychology. Students receiving the Bachelor’s degree from Swarthmore are not normally eligible for this work. The program of work for the Master’s degree requires the completion of four seminars, or their equivalent. One of the seminars must be a research seminar leading to a Thesis. The work of the seminars is judged by external examiners. The requirements for the Master’s degree can normally be completed in one year. 147 Russian Studies A grant from the Carnegie Corporation made possible the inauguration of a Russian Studies program, in the fall of 1949, at Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges. While that grant has now expired, Swarthmore College continues to offer courses in Russian language, history, and political and social institutions. Courses in this group cannot themselves comprise a major subject. Courses in the Russian language may be used to fulfill the college foreign language requirement. Courses and seminars in Russian history and in Russian political and economic institu­ tions may be counted toward a major or minor in the departments offering them. (These courses are listed under their appropriate departments.) R ussian Language Full Course Vocabulary and grammar. Oral and written translations from English into Rus­ sian and vice versa. Vocabulary building. Reading of short stories. Books: Essentials of Russian (Prentice-Hall), Stories by Lermontoff and Pushkin (Heath series). Five hours a week. 1-2. E lementary R ussian. 3 ,4 . I ntermediate R ussian . Review of grammar with special emphasis on use of prepositions, verb forms, numerals. Short area study, geography and history of Russia to the revolution of 1917. Advanced reading and composition. Books: Essentials of Russian (Pren­ tice-Hall), Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press), Pushkin’s Captairis Daughter. H istory 14. R ussia. Mr. Beik. Fall Semester The history of modern Russia. For sophomores, juniors and seniors. The course begins with the reign of Peter and gives half its time to the period since the Revolution. It may be taken only after History 1-2. 117. E urope 1870 to 1939: E astern E urope . Mr. Beik. Honors Seminar The origins and consequences of the Russian Revolution and of the formation of the succession states. P olitical and Economic Institutions 19. T he Soviet System . Mr. McLane. Spring Semester The structure and operation of the economic and political institutions of the Soviet Union, described and analyzed in the light of their theoretical and historical background. Soviet foreign policy is also treated. 107. T he Soviet System . Mr. McLane. Honors Seminar A study of Soviet political and economic development with special attention to the problems involved in the operation of a totalitarian political system and a cen­ tralized planned economy. 148 Visiting Examiners—May 1956 ASTRONOMY: P rofessor Frank B. W ood, University of Pennsylvania. BIOLOGY: Professor D uncan Chiq uoine , Princeton University; P rofessor Arthur W . G alston , Yale University; Professor W esley G. H utchinson , University of Pennsylvania; P rofessor Adrian M. Srb, Cornell University; P ro­ fessor W illiam H . T elfer , University of Pennsylvania. CHEMISTRY: P rofessor Frederick V. Brutcher , J r ., University of Pennsylvania; D r . W ilmer J enkins , E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. CLASSICS: P rofessor W illiam C. M cD ermott , University of Pennsylvania. ECONOMICS: P rofessor R obert R. France, Princeton University; P rofessor J ames R. N elson , Amherst College; P rofessor Robert M. Solow , Massachu­ setts Institute of Technology. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: Professor Athanasios P apoulis , Polytechnic In­ stitute of Brooklyn; P rofessor J o h n B. Clothier , Villanova University. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING: Professor E dward M iller , Newark College of Engineering; P rofessor G eorge B. T ho m , Newark College of Engineering. ENGLISH LITERATURE: Professor M eyer A brams, Cornell University; P rofessor Charles T. D avis, Princeton University; Professor J oel D orius, Yale Univer­ sity; Professor G eorge G ibian , Smith College; P rofessor J ulian M oynahan , Princeton University. FINE ARTS: P rofessor M inerva Pin n ell , Newark, Delaware. HISTO RY: Professor G eorge B. Cooper , Trinity College; D r . P h ilip A. Crowl , Annapolis, Maryland; Professor H arold T. P arker, Duke University; P ro­ fessor H enry L. R oberts, Columbia University. MATHEMATICS: Professor W illiam H. M ills, Yale University; P rofessor Robert A. Rosenbaum , Wesleyan University. MODERN LANGUAGES: French— P rofessor R ené G irard, Bryn Mawr College; German— P rofessor H arold Len z , Queens College; Professor A lfred Sen n , University of Pennsylvania; Russian— Professor W illiam E. H arkins , Colum­ bia University; Spanish— P rofessor J uan M arichal, Bryn Mawr College. PHILOSOPHY A N D RELIGION: P rofessor A dolf G rünbaum , Lehigh University; P rofessor R oderick Firth , Harvard University; Professor H ugues Leblanc , Bryn Mawr College; Professor G eddes M acG regor, Bryn Mawr College; P rofessor V in cen t T omas, Brown University. PHYSICS: D r . J o h n F. M arshall, Bartol Research Foundation. POLITICAL SCIENCE: P rofessor Steph en K. Bailey, Princeton University; Pro­ fessor Samuel H endel , The City College; P rofessor Frederick W atkins , Yale University; D r . Bryce W ood, Social Science Research Council. PSYCHOLOGY : P rofessor M. E. Bitterman , The Institute for Advanced Study; P rofessor H elen B. L ewis, The New School; D r . M. Brewster Sm ith , Social Science Research Council; Professor H ein z W erner , Clark University. 150 D egrees Conferred June 4, 1956 Bachelor of A rts In the Division of the Humanities Cott H obart (Philosophy) ♦A n n e S. H olland (Fine Arts) J ane H olt (English Literature) N ancy K enyon H ulme (Fine Arts) Robert J. J ones (History) Chantal I da J uliard (French) HJudith M ichaela K app (History) M aria Eveline K lemperer (History) J ane E leanor Lanning (English Lit­ Robert I. Adler (Russian) * Craig Field Ash (English Literature) M iriam B lau (English Literature) ♦♦E dgar Stuart Cah n (English Liter­ ature) ♦M aria G. Cattell (English Litera­ ture) An n Louise Chase (Latin) A n n e W ood Christian (English Lit­ erature) J o h n Preston Clark (Psychology) D iane Coggeshall (Fine Arts) R uth M ary Cooper (Fine Arts) ♦♦C arolyn D uke Cotton (English Lit­ erature) erature) W illiam H omer Cunningham (Re­ ligion) Sandra J ohnston D ailey (English Literature) J eanne D uduit (History) Constance M ary Faust (Latin) J ack Finkelstein (History) ♦♦B arbara E lizabeth F linker (Psy­ chology) M ary A n n e G alloway (English Lit­ erature) J ane H elen G eisman (English Lit­ erature) ♦♦C arol A lice G etz (English Litera­ ture) ♦♦M ax E lliot G ottesman (Philos­ ophy) ♦♦A n n e G uerin (English Literature) H elen Patricia H ardy (English Lit­ erature) ** Christopher Charles H. Lehm a nn H aupt (English Literature) J'Shaw n Eric D isney (H istory) Francisco Bernardo Lorch (Span­ ish) ♦♦C hristopher W illiam Lukas (Psy­ chology) J anet Irene Lundquist (English Lit­ erature) M argaret S. M acCollum (Fine A rts) An n e V an D erlip M acD ougall (Fine Arts) **Sheila E lizabeth M ace (English Literature) **Shirley Lasch M enaker (English Literature) ♦♦E lizabeth M. M oss (History) Frances Louise M yers (Fine Arts) J oan E llen N elson (History) M argaret J anet N oel (Philosophy) ♦J oella O w ens (Philosophy) W ilmer H oward P aine , J r . (English Literature) M argery P axson (English Literature) ♦♦M ary Y oumans P earson (English K athryn Louise H ayes (Fine Arts) J essica W ilt H eimbach (History) V irginia M almsten H ess (Philos­ ophy) D eborah H itchcock (English Liter­ Literature) O livia D ean P ease (Fine Arts) Susanna P erkins (English Literature) A nn e Ballard Randall (History) ♦Roland Reboussin (Psychology) R uth E llen R enter (English Liter­ ature) ature) For interpretation of all symbols see page 154. 151 Ralph Carter Rinzler (French) Louise Robertson (English Litera­ ture) M aria J ohanna Rosenblatt (Eng­ lish Literature) ♦♦Lois Rosenbaum Rostow (English Literature) * J oanna Rudge (History) URoger N orman R ush (History) Lou anne Schafer (History) P atricia M. Schastey (Fine Arts) §P aul M. Senior (Psychology) J udith Bouchette Skillman (Eng­ lish Literature) E lizabeth A n n Sm ith (Fine Arts) Barbara Louise Stiefbold (English Literature) Barbara Bea T roxell (English Liter­ ature) ♦♦R alph Bradford T ucker (Philos­ ophy) ♦♦Sallie An n Y arbrough (Spanish) In the Division of the Social Sciences Edna M ilne A pfel (Political Science) J ames B lakely A tkinson (History) **Richard Cartwright A ustin (His­ tory) Robert A lfred Barr, J r . (Political Science) G eorge D ennis Becker (Economics) Carl Berger (H istory) Samuel Shaw B oswell, J r . (History) ♦M ichael Breen (Political Science) Edward H apgood Bright (Political Science) D iana Catherine Christy (History) Be n ja m in D avid D ’Agostino (Psy­ chology) ♦Roberta G race D ’A mico (History) K nowles D ougherty (Economics) ♦M ichael B urnes D outy (Economics) ♦♦D avid D ulles (Political Science) R obert Y eatman E llis (Economics) ♦H arriet J ane Frankle (Economics) Richard O sgood G am m on (Political Science) ♦D eloris Estelle G askins (Political Science) P aul G ottlieb (Political Science) Sara K unkle G uthrie (Economics) H oward T. H allowell , 3rd (Eco­ nomics) P eter D ouw H eagle (Economics) ♦♦J ean Frances H erskovits (History) M arjorie H ope J ones (Political Sci­ ence) M ary Louise J ones (History) ♦♦M ichael Robin J uviler (Political Science) ♦♦J acob K aplan (Philosophy) ♦♦F rances K ing (H istory) §P riscilla Kingsley (History) J anet K uh l (Political Science) V irginia E lizabeth Kyle (Econom­ ics) P eter E. Last (History) ♦P eter Brand Lenrow (Psychology) ♦Carl M ilton Levin (Political Sci­ ence) (Political Science—International Relations) D iana E lizabeth M arsh (Political Science—International Relations) ♦♦J o h n K en t M cN ulty (Psychology) Robert Edgar M eyers (History) ♦♦P riscilla E llen M itchell (Political Science) G retchen Carol M a n n M arilyn I rma M odarelli (Political Science) D avid Richard M ueller (History) ♦♦G ordon Rittenhousb N eisser (H is­ tory) D onna M ae O lsen (Psychology) ♦Eric O sterweil (H istory) Sally J ean P attullo (Political Sci­ ence) ♦R obert Louis P faltzgraff , J r . (Po­ litical Science) Lucy An n P ickett (Political Science) ♦J udith M arcelle Renee P olgar (Political Science) ♦W iltrud F. Richter (Political Sci­ ence) J udith Risk (Political Science) H arry A cker Roeder (Political Sci­ ence) ♦Richard H . Sen n (Economics) ♦♦S ara A very Skeer (Economics) An n e Solomon (Political Science) V era U rsula Spohr (Philosophy) ♦P eter Spencer Svirsky (Political Sci­ ence) §N ancy G ale Swindler (Political Sci­ ence—International Relations) 152 JS heldon G riswold W eeks (Psychol­ Rut h G ibson T uley (History) J o h n T. T yson (Economics) T heodore G eorge V an H art, J r . ogy) **M arian Louise W estover (History) *>C. Sylvester W hitaker , J r . (Polit­ (History) ical Science) ^Sidney G raham W inter , J r . (Eco­ D iana J oan W agner (Political Sci­ nomics) ence) In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences ♦F rederic D uane Ray (Physics) ♦Susan Celistany Raymond (Psychol­ ology) Cameron T odd Catlin (Biology) ogy) ♦A lbert M atthew Ross (Zoology) T ed E. Chronister (Zoology) Bernard D onald Sarachek Sally A. D anielson (Chemistry) (Zoology) ♦P h ilip O w en Ettinger (Chemistry) §Carol M arie Schrader (Biology) ♦J acob T hrone Evanson (Mathe­ ♦♦D iana Frances Scott (Biology) matics) J o h n Seaman (Biology) ♦Suzanne Lois Fried (Biology) Benson H oward Shalette (Zo­ Louise Schmir H ay (Mathematics) ology) ♦N ancy Carol H ickman (Mathemat­ I van H erbert Shils (Zoology) ics) H enry Laughton Short (Biology) D onald L. K imm el , J r . (Zoology) Carolyn K eith Shuler (Chemistry) E lsie M argaretta Long (Zoology) ** D avid W aldo Edward Sm ith Caro E lise Luhrs (Zoology) (Zoology) ♦J o h n C. M urtha (Mathematics) ♦D avid Steinm uller (Zoology) W illiam G eorge N elson , 4 th §Joan Elizabeth Stuber (Chemistry) (Chemistry) §Caroline H azelton B eaum ont (Zo­ Stanford M iller Sutton , J r . Richard D ana O sband (Mathemat­ ics) An n e G regory P acsu (Zoology) A udrey Shields P e n n (Chemistry) ♦J ane W orth Piper (Astronomy) G eorge Lewis P opky (Zoology) §An n E laine P ressman (Psychology) A drian V aughan Rake (Zoology) J udith Ramseyer (Biology) Ru t h Rand (Chemistry) Ba c h e l o r (Mathematics) Richard Rollin T emple (Zoology) G ladys Sm ith V an P elt (Biology) A ndrew Crost V ictor (Chemistry) ♦Carl A lexander von Frankenberg (Chemistry) ♦Robert C harles W allach (Zoology) T ryon S. W ieland (Zoology) of Sc ie n c e In the Division of Engineering J ames M oser Anderson (Civil Engin­ Reinier H ijm a n (Mechanical Engin­ eering) eering) J esse I ssa Aweida (Mechanical Engin­ IJRoger E li Levien (Mechanical En­ gineering) eering) Arthur U nderwood Ayres, J r . (Electrical Engineering) K arl Adam B onnier (Mechanical En­ B urton Cowles M allory, J r . (Civil Engineering) J o h n H ooper M errill (Electrical En­ gineering) gineering) W illiam Brewster Chapm an (Civil Engineering) Charles Lowell Cogswell (Electri­ cal Engineering) D onald G ordon Follett , J r . (Civil Engineering) 153 J oseph H. O ttemiller (Mechanical Engineering) J o h n Burling P eatman (Electrical Engineering) Robert Edward P otthoff (Mechan­ ical Engineering) (Electrical J oseph Lawrence Shane (Mechanical A lan H adley Robinson (Mechanical Stanley Spitzer (Civil Engineering) J effrey T ai (Mechanical Engineering) ♦I lmar G ustav Raudsep Engineering) Engineering) Engineering) D o cto r of L aws Frank W hittemore A brams I rving S. O lds K atharine E lizabeth M c Bride G ilbert F owler W hite Charles Edward W yzanski, J r . t As of the Class of 1955. t As of the Class of 1954. § Distinction in Course. * Honors. ** High Honors, fi Highest Honors. 154 Awards and D istinctions E l ec tio n s t o H o n o ra ry Societies PHI BETA KAPPA: Richard Cartwright Austin, Caroline H. Beaumont, Edgar Stuart Cahn, Philip Owen Ettinger, Carol Alice Getz, Max Elliot Gottesman, Anne Guerin, Louise Schmir Hay, Jean Frances Herskovits, Nancy Carol Hickman, Judith Michaela Kapp, Christopher Charles H. Lehmann-Haupt, Roger Eli Levien, Christopher William Lukas, John Kent McNulty, Elizabeth M. Moss, Audrey Shields Penn, Wiltrud F. Richter, Lois Rosenbaum Rostow, Roger Norman Rush, Diana Frances Scott, Joan Elizabeth Stuber, Ralph Bradford Tucker, Marian Louise Westover, Sidney Graham Winter, Jr. SIGMA XI: Louise Schmir Hay, Roger Eli Levien, Paul Henry Monsky, Diana Frances Scott, Judith Martha Shimansky, Joan Elizabeth Stuber, Carl Alexander von Frankenberg. SIGMA TAU: Jesse Issa Aweida, Arthur Underwood Ayres, Jr., Roger Eli Levien, John Hooper Merrill, Robert Edward Potthoff, Umar Gustav Raudsep. SWARTHMORE COLLEGE FELLOWSHIP AWARDS The Hannah A. Leedom Fellowship to Christopher Charles Lehm a nn -H aupt . The Joshua Lippincott Memorial Fellowship to Carl A lexander von Frankenberg and G eorge W . Bahlke . The John Lockwood Fellowship to Edgar Stuart Ca h n . The Lucretia Mott Fellowship to J ean Frances H erskovits and A udrey Shields Pe n n . The Martha E. Tyson Fellowship to Lois Rosenbaum Rostow . The Phi Beta Kappa Fellowship to E lizabeth M. M oss. Specia l A wards * Ivy Medal to P eter Brand Lenrow . Oak Leaf Medal to J udith M ichaela K app . McCabe Engineering Award to Roger E li Levien . John W . Nason Award to O lga Lamkert, Instructor in Russian. Crane Prize to Sheila Brody. Katherine B. Sicard Prize to E lizabeth D eutsch . William Plummer Potter Public Speaking Fund Awards: The Potter Public Speaking Contest; first prize, Edgar Ca h n ; second prize, Sidney W inter and Sigmund A. B eck . The Potter Poetry Contest; first prize, Cora D iamond ; second prize, M ichael de Laszlo ; third prize, Barbara Be h n k e . The Potter One-Act Play Contest; first prize, P h ilip Fanning . The John Russell Hayes Poetry Prizes: first prize, Carol G aiser; second prize, R obin The The The The The The The Christenson . The Scott Award to J o h n H awley . The Sarah Kaighn Cooper Scholarship to C lifford Earle. The American Viscose Scholarship to Charles O denweller . The American Cyanamid Company Scholarship to J ames G ibson . The Monsanto Scholarship in Chemistry to J ames D eyrup . The Radio Corporation of America Scholarship to Clifford Earle. The Westinghouse Achievement Award to Roger W itt . * A description of each of these awards may be found in another section of the catalogue. 155 Enrollment of Students by Classes, 1955-56 Seniors ’5 6 ................ Juniors ’57 ............... Sophomores ’5 8 ........ Freshmen ’59 .......... Men 98 107 134 121 Women 102 99 119 112 Total 200 206 253 233 Special ....................... G raduate..................... 460 8 2 432 4 0 892 12 2 470 436 906 Geographical Distribution New York ....................................... Pennsylvania ................................... New Jersey....................................... Illinois ............................................. Maryland ......................................... Connecticut....................................... Massachusetts ................................. Ohio ................................................. Delaware ......................................... Virginia .................... Dist. of Colum bia........................... Indiana ............................................. M ichigan........................................... C alifornia......................................... Missouri ........................................... North Carolina ............................... Florida ............................................. T exas................................................. Vermont ........................................... Maine ............................................... W isconsin......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Nebraska ......................................... Alabama ........................................... Colorado........................................... G eorgia............................................. A rizona.......................... Iowa ................................................. New Ham pshire............................... Rhode Islan d ..................................... Tennessee......................................... Washington ..................................... 217 202 108 44 39 34 33 26 18 18 17 13 13 11 11 7 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 Kentucky........................................... New M exico..................................... Louisiana ......................................... O klahom a......................................... West Virginia ................................. Hawaii ............................................. 2 1 1 1 1 2 Total number of students from U. S. and territories 877 Canada ............................................. Japan ............................................... N ig e ria ............................................. Saudi Arabia ................................... G reece............................................... Italy ................................................. Jordan ............................................. G erm any........................................... Brazil ............................................... B. W . 1............................................. England............................................. Philippines ....................................... Korea ............................................... Lebanon ........................................... Syria .............................................. V enezuela......................................... Gold C o a st....................................... Cuba ................................................. Turkey ............................................. 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total from ab ro ad .............. Grand T o ta l..................................... 29 906 156 Selected Publications About Swartfamore C ollege Aydelotte, Frank , Breaking the Academic Lockstep; the Development of Honors Work in American Colleges and Universities, N. Y., Harper, 1944. Blanshard, Brand, T wo Swarthmore Presidents. 183 p. Friends Intelligencer, v. 97, p. 671-73, 687-89. Oct. 19-26, 1940. Carter, Boyd G., Swarthmore under Frank Aydelotte. Association of American Col­ leges Bulletin, v. 28, p. 316-19. May 1942. G ager, Charles S., Theatres, Gardens and Horticulture. Science, v. 95, p. 635-39. June 26, 1942. Kn a pp , R obert H. and G oodrich, H. B., Origins of American Scientists. The Uni­ versity of Chicago Press, 1952. Kn a pp , Robert H., and G reenbaum , J oseph J., The Younger American Scholar, His Collegiate Origins. The University of Chicago Press, 1953. N ason , J o h n W., Cooperation between Haverford, Bryn Mawr and Swarthmore. Haverford Review, v. 1, p. 4-7. Autumn 1941. N icholson , A rnold W., People’s Garden. Saturday Evening Post. v. 217, p. 26-27. April 14, 1945. Pennock , J. Roland , The Swarthmore Honors System. Journal of Higher Educa­ tion. v. 24, p. 57-64, February, 1953. Shaw , Charles B., Library Cooperation between Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarth­ more. Haverford Review, v. 1, p. 24-26. Summer 1942. Swarthmore College, The Inauguration of Courtney Craig Smith as President of Swarthmore College, October 17, 1953. 51, no. 3, November 1953. In Bulletin of Swarthmore College, v. Swarthmore College F aculty, Adventure in Education: Swarthmore College under Frank Aydelotte. N. Y. Macmillan, 1941. 236 p. W alton , J ean B., Recent Changes in Group Activities Program at Swarthmore College. Journal of the national Association of Deans of Women, 164-65. June 1943. v. 6, p. W ister, J o h n C., The Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation: a Ten Year History: January 1, 1930 to December 31, 1939. In Bulletin of Swarthmore Col­ lege. v. 37, no. 5. Sixth Month 1940. 89 p. Y oder, Robert M., Station-Wagon College. Saturday Evening Post. p. 40. October 8, 1949. 157 v. 222, no. 15, Index Absence from classes and Collection, 61 Absence from Examinations, 63 Academic Requirements, Committee on, 19, 62 Addams, Jane, Peace Collection (See Swarthmore College Peace Collection) Administrative Officers, 20-22 A dmissions Procedure, 28-30 Application Dates, 29 Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests, 29, 30 School Subjects Recommended, 29 Advanced Degrees, 64-65 Advanced Standing, 30 Advisers, 48 Alumnae Scholarship, 36 Alumni Association, Officers of, 11 Alumni Council, 11 Alumni Office, 22, 48 American Cyanamid Company Scholar­ ship, 38 American Viscose Corp. Scholarship, 38 Armstrong (Edward R.) Scholarship, 34 Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Founda­ tion, 44 Astronomical Observatories, 42, 70 Astronomy, Courses in, 70-71 Athletic Fields, see Map, 162 Athletics and Physical Education, 132-134 Atkinson (Barclay G.) Scholarship, 40 Atkinson (Rebecca M.) Scholarship, 40 Attendance at Classes and Collection, 61 Automobiles, Regulations concerning, 49 Awards and Prizes, 66-67, 155 Bachelor of Arts Degree, 64 Bachelor of Science Degree, 64 Baker, (George F.) Scholarships, 33 Benjamin West House, 45, 162 Benjamin West Lecture, 45 Bibliography of Swarthmore, 157 Biddle Memorial Library, 42 Biology, Courses in, 72-76 Board of Managers, Committees of, 9, 10 Board of Managers, Members of, 8, 9 Book Bill, 31 Botany, Courses in, 73-74 Buildings, see Map, 162 Activities and Class Lodges Astronomical Observatories Bartol Research Foundation Bassett House Beardsley Hall Benjamin West House Biddle Memorial Library Bond Memorial Chemistry, Hall of Faculty Residences Field House Hall Gymnasium Hicks Hall Isaac H. Clothier Memorial Library Building Martin (Edward) Biological Labor­ atory Meeting House Palmer Hall Pittenger Hall Parrish Hall Roberts Hall Scott (Arthur Hoyt) Outdoor Audi­ torium Somerville Hall Sproul Observatory Students’ Observatory Swimming Pool Thomas House Trotter Hall Wharton Hall Worth Hall Bunting (Ella Frances) Extemporaneous Speaking Contest, 67 Calendar, College, 5-6 Calendar, Lunar, 4 Chemistry, Courses in, 77-80 Chi Omega Scholarship, 39 Churches, 46 Class of 1913 Loan Fund, 41 Class of 1915 Scholarship Fund, 38 Class of 1916 Loan Fund, 41 Class of 1930 Scholarship, 38 Class of 1931 Scholarship Fund, 38 Classics, Courses in, 81-83 Cole (Sarah Antrim) Scholarship, 39 Index Collection, 47 Collection Attendance, Regulation con­ cerning, 47, 61 College Community, 25, 49 College Entrance Examinations, 29-30 College Jobs, 33 Committees of the Board of Managers, 9, 10 Committees of the Faculty, 19 Comprehensive Examinations, 55, 57 Cooper (Sarah Kaighn) Scholarship, 35 Cooper (William J.) Foundation, 43-44 Cooperation with Neighboring Institu­ tions, 24, 148 Corporation, Officers of, 8 Course Advisers, 48, 57 Courses of Instruction , 69-148 Astronomy, 70-71 Biology, 72-76 Chemistry, 77-80 Classics, 81-83 Economics, 84-86 Engineering, 87-98 Civil, 89-91 Electrical, 92-95 Mechanical, 96-98 English Literature, 99-103 Fine Arts, 104-106 History, 107-111 International Relations, 112, 137 Mathematics, 113-115 Modem Languages, 116-123 Music, 124-126 Philosophy and Religion, 127-131 Physical Education for Men, 132 Physical Education for Women, 133134 Physics, 135-136 Political Science, 137-141 Psychology and Education, 142-147 Russian Studies, 148 Crane Prize, 66 Cutting (Bronson M.) Collection, 45 D egrees, 64-65 Advanced Engineering Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science Master of Arts Master of Science Degrees Conferred, 151-154 Delta Gamma Scholarship, 40 Dining Rooms, 46 Directions for Correspondence, 2 Directions for Reaching the College, 24 Divisions and Departments, 18 Dormitories, 46 Dorsey (William) Scholarship, 40 Economics, Courses in, 84-86 Education, Courses in, 142, 146 Education, Physical, 132-134 Educational Program, 25, 54-61 Ellsler (George) Scholarship, 40 Emeritus Professors, 12 Engineering, Courses in, 87-98 Engineering, Degrees in, 54, 64-65, 87 English Literature, Courses in, 99-103 Entrance Requirements, 28-30 Examination Regulations, 63 Examinations, College Board, 29, 30 Exclusion from College, 63 Expenses, 31 Extra or Fewer Courses, 62 Extra-Curricular Activities, 50 Faculty, Members of, 12-17 Faculty Regulations, 49, 61-63 Fees (Tuition, Residence, etc.), 31 Fellowships, 67-68 Ferguson (Donald Renwick), Scholarship, 35 Fine Arts, Courses in, 104-106 Foreign Language Requirements, 56, 57 Foreign Students, 156 French, Courses in, 116-118 Friends College Scholarships, 41 Friends Historical Library, 21, 42 Friends Meeting, 46 Geographical Distribution of Students, 156 German Language and Literature, Courses in, 119-121 Gillingham (Joseph E.) Fund, 40 Grades, 62 Graduation, Requirements for, 64 Grants-in-aid, 33 Greek Language and Literature, Courses in, 81-83 Hayes (John Russell) Poetry Prizes, 67 Health, Care of Student, 47-48 Index Hillborn (Rachel W .) Scholarship, 38 History, Courses in, 107-111 H onors, Reading for , 58-60 Examiners, 60, 150 Housing, 25, 46 Infirmaries, 47 Insurance, Accident and Sickness, 32, 47 International Relations, Courses in, 112, 137 Ivins (Aaron B.) Scholarship, 34 Ivy Award, 66, 155 Johnson (George K. and Sallie K.) Fund, 36 Johnson (Howard Cooper) Scholarship, 35 Kappa Alpha Theta Scholarship Fund, 37 Kappa Kappa Gamma Scholarship, 40 Kovalenko (Jessie Stevenson) Scholarship, 37 Lafore Scholarship, 39 Latin Language and Literature, Courses in, 82-83 Lawrence (E. Hibberd) Scholarship, 37 Leedom (Hannah A.) Fellowship, 67 Leedom (Thomas L.) Scholarship, 40 Libraries, 21, 42-43 Biddle Memorial, 42 College, 42 Friends Historical, 42-43 Lilly (Scott B.) Scholarship, 34 Lippincott (Joshua) Fellowship, 67 Lippincott (Sarah E.) Scholarship, 40 Loans to Students, 33, 41 Location of the College, 24 Lockwood (John) Memorial Fellowship, 67 Longstreth (Mary T.) Scholarship, 37 Lucretia Mott Fellowship, 68 Managers, Board of, 8, 9 Map of College Grounds, 162-163 Martin Biological Laboratory, 42 Mary Lyon School Property, 46 Mathematics, Courses in, 113-115 McCabe Engineering Award, 66, 155 McCabe (Thomas B.) Scholarship, 34 Meeting House, 46 Men’s Student Government, 50 Mertz (Peter) Scholarship, 35 Miller Flounders Scholarship, 35 Miller (James E.) Scholarship, 39 Miller (John A.) Loan Fund, 41 Moon (Owen) Fund for Public Speaking, 67 Morrell (Lois) Poetry Award, 67 Mott (Lucretia) Fellowship, 68 Music, Courses in, 124-126 Nason (John W .) Award, 66 Newton (A. Edward) Library Prize, 66 Oak Leaf Award, 66, 155 Observatories, Astronomical, 42, 70 Open Scholarships for Men, 33-34 Open Scholarships for Women, 36 Paiste (Harriet) Fund, 36 Palmer Hall, 46 Parrish Hall, 46 Pearson (Paul M.) Loan Fund, 41 Perkins (T. H. Dudley) Memorial Scholar­ ship, 35 Phi Beta Kappa Fellowship, 68 Philosophy, Courses in, 127-131 Physical Education for Men, 132 Physical Education for Women, 133-134 Physical Education Requirements, 63, 132134 Physics, Courses in, 135-136 Pittenger Hall, 46 Plan of College Grounds, 162-163 Political Science, Courses in, 137-141 Potter Speech Collection, 45 Potter (Wm. Plummer) Public Speaking Fund, 67, 155 Pre-Medical Program, 60-61 Preston (Mary Coates) Scholarship Fund, 36 Prizes, 66-67, 155 Program of Study, 54-61 For Freshmen and Sophomores, 55-57 For Juniors and Seniors, 57-60 Honors Work, 58-60 Pre-Medical Program, 60-61 Psychology, Courses in, 142-147 Public Speaking Prizes, 66-67, 155 Index RCA Scholarship, 37 Reeves (Mark E.) Scholarship, 40 Religion, Courses in, 127-131 Religious Life, 46-47 Requirements for Admission, 28-30 Requirements for Graduation, 64 Residence, Regulations concerning, 46, 64 Robinson House, 46 Roberts Hall, 46 Russian Studies, Courses in, 148 Swarthmore College Peace Collection, 21, 43 Swarthmore College Student Loan Fund, 41 Taylor (Jonathan K.) Scholarship, 39 Thorne (Phebe Anna) Fund, 39 Tuition and Other Fees, 31 Tuition Plan, 31-32 Tyson (Martha E.) Fellowship, 68 Underhill (Daniel) Scholarship, 38 Scholarships, List of, 33-40 Scholastic Aptitude Test, 29, 30 Scott (Arthur Hoyt) Horticultural Foun­ dation, 44-45 Scott Award, 34, 155 Serrill (William G. and Mary N .) Schol­ arship, 35 Sharpies (Philip T.) Scholarship, 34 Shoemaker (Annie) Scholarship, 36 Sicard (Katherine B.) Prize, 66, 155 Sigma Xi Fellowship, 68 Social Committee, 50 Solomon (Frank) Scholarship, 36 Somerville Committee, 50 Spanish, Courses in, 122-123 Sproul (Mary) Scholarship, 40 Sproul Observatory, 42, 70 Squier (Helen) Scholarship, 40 States, Summary of Students by, 156 Student Aid, 33 Student Council, 50 Student’s Handbook, 51 Sullivan (Joseph T.) Scholarship, 40 Sullivan (Marshall P.) Scholarship, 37 Summer School Work, 63 Vocational Advising, 48 West, Benjamin, Lecture, 45 Westbury Quarterly Meeting Scholarship, 39 Westinghouse Achievement Scholarship, 38 Wharton Hall, 46 Wharton (Deborah F.) Scholarship, 40 White Open Scholarships for Women, 36 Willets (Samuel) Fund, 40 William J. Cooper Foundation, 43-44 Williams (Ellis D .) Fund, 41 Williamson (I. V.) Scholarships, 40 Wilson (Edward Clarkson) Scholarship, 37 Women’s Student Government Associa­ tion, 50 Wood (Mary) Fund, 37 Woodnutt (Thomas) Scholarship, 40 Worth Hall, 46 Zoology, Courses in, 74-76 161 1 2 3 4 5 6 W harton Hall Sproul Observatory Hall Gymnasium Parrish Hall Cunningham Field Tennis courts 7 Beardsley Hall 8 Trotter Had 9 Somerville Gymnasium 10 College Library and Friends Historical Library 11 Had of Chemistry 12 Cunningham House 13 Benjamin W est House 14 Friends Meeting House 15 Professors’ residences 16 President’s house 17,18 Alumni Field 19 Power plant 20 Employees’ dormitory 21 Swimming pool 22 W hittier House 23 Book and Key House 24 Hicks Had 25 Pennsylvania R. R. Station 26 Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity Lodge 27 Delta Upsilon Fraternity Lodge 28 Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity Lodge 29 Kappa Sigma Fraternity Lodge 80 W orth Dormitory 81 Woolman House 32 Phi Delta Theta Fraternity Lodge S 3 B o m? M e m o r i a l a n d 34 Bartol Foundation Laboratory 35 Clothier Memorial 36 Scott Outdoor Auditorium 37 Employees’ houses 38 Lamb-Miller Field House 39 Thomas House 40 Martin Biological Laboratory 41 Bassett House 42 Palmer Hall 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Pittenger Had Roberts Had Storage Building Mary Lyon Buddings (not shown) Morris L. Clothier Fields Proposed Science Building Proposed Women’s Dormitory Student Recreation Center Cpian o f the grounds of §)Warthmore (College