C û )!! StP 26 1951 j C°'Z ^ ’0,>t: w ^ m SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN CATALOGUE ISSUE 1952-1953 SWARTHMORE - PENNSYLVANIA The Bulletin, o f which this publication is Volum e L, N o. 1, is published monthly, except July and August, by Swarthmorè College, Swarthmore, Pa. Entered at the post office at. Swarthmore, Pa., as second-class matter, in accordance with provision o f the A ct o f Congress o f August 24, 1912. A 3 •I ? • m m (Printed in U. S. A .) The C ollege Library Parrish Hall SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN CATALOGUE IS S U E 1 9 5 2 -1 9 5 3 S W A R T H M O R E , P E N N S Y L V A N IA V olu m e L N um ber 1 S eptem ber, 1 9 5 2 D irections for Correspondence For information about: GENERAL COLLEGE POLICY John W . Nason, President ADMISSIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS For men: Dean Everett L. Hunt For wom en: Dean Susan P. Cobbs RECORDS, TRANSCRIPTS AND CATALOGUES John M . M oore, Registrar FINANCIAL INFORMATION Edward K . Cratsley, Vice-President Charles G . Thatcher, Business Manager VOCATIONAL PLACEMENT AND GUIDANCE Gilm ore Stott, Assistant Dean Deborah W in g, Associate Dean ALUMNI AFFAIRS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS Joseph B. Shane, Vice-President GENERAL INFORMATION George A . Test, Director of Publicity DIRECTORY OF STUDENTS Obtainable upon request to the Registrar SWARTHMORE COLLEGE • SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA 2 T able o f Contents Calendar .............................. Personnel ........................................... The Corporation and The Board o f M anagers.................................................. Alumni Association Officers and Alumni C ou n cil............................................ The Faculty ............................................................................................................. Divisions and Departments ................................................................................. Standing Committees.............................................................................................. Administrative Officers and Assistants................................................................. Honorary Curators of the Biddle Memorial Library........................................ Introduction to Swarthmore College ............................................................... Admission ............................................................................................................... Expenses ................................................................................................................... Student Aid and Scholarships . . . ' ....................................................................... Educational Resources ............................................................................................ College L i f e ............................................................................................................. Student Community .................................................................... T he Educational Program ............................................................ Program for Freshmen and Sophomores............................................................. Program for Juniors and Seniors......................................................................... Honors W ork ............................... Pre-Medical Program ............................................................................................ Faculty Regulations .............................................................................................. Requirements for Graduation ............................................................................. Advanced Degrees ................................................................................................ Awards and Prizes ................................................................................................ Fellowships ............................................................................................................ Courses of Instruction ............................................................................................ Astronomy ............................................................................................................... Biology . ...• ..................................... Chemistry............................................................ Classics..................................................................................................................... Economics .......................... Engineering ............................................................................................................ English Literature.................................................................................................. Fine Arts ................................................................................................................. History ..................................................................................................................... International Relations .......................................................................................... Mathematics............................................................................................................. Modern Languages and Literature ..................................................................... Music ............................................. Philosophy and Religion ...................................................................................... Physical Education for Men ............................................................................... Physical Education for W o m e n ........................................................................... Physics ..................................................................................................................... Political Science...................................................................................................... Psychology and Education ................................................................................... Russian Studies . . . . - ............................................j ............................................... Reference Section .................................................................................................... Visiting Examiners ................................................................................................ Degrees Conferred.................................................................................................. Distribution of Students ...................................................... Recent Publications About Swarthmore C o lle g e ...............'. ............................. Index ....................................................................................................................... Plan of College G r o u n d s ........................................................................................ 3 PAGE 4 7 8 10 11 17 18 19 21 23 28 31 33 41 45 48 51 53 55 56 59 59 62 62 64 65 67 68 71 77 82 86 89 100 105 108 112 113 117 125 127 131 132 134 136 141 146 147 148 149 152 153 154 158 1952 OCTOBER s M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 NOVEMBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 DECEMBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1953 JANUARY s M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 FEBRUARY S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 MARCH S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MAY S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 AUGUST S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 NOVEMBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 JUNE S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY S M T W T 'F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 OCTOBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 DECEMBER S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1954 JANUARY s M T W T F' S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 FEBRUARY S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 MARCH S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 . 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 MAY JUNE S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 S M T T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 4 W College Calendar 1952 Fall Semester September 1 8 - 2 1 ......................... Freshman placement days September 22 ............................. Registration, 1 :0 0 p. m. September 23 ............................. Classes and honors seminars begin October 7 .................................... Meeting o f the Board o f Managers November 6 ................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers November 8 ................................Mid-semester reports November 27 ............................. Thanksgiving Day (holiday) December 2 ................................ Annual Meeting o f the Board o f Managers December 2 0 ................................ Christmas recess begins, 1 2 :0 0 noon 1953 January January January January January January January January January 5 .....................................Christmas recess ends, 8: 00 a. m. 6 .................................... Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers 15 ................................. Classes end 16 ................................. Registration, 1 :3 0 p. m. 1 6 - 1 7 ............................. Review period for course students 17 .................................. Honors seminars end 19 ..................................Mid-year examinations begin 21 .................................. Honors seminars begin for spring semester 29 .................................. Mid-year examinations end Spring Semester February 2 .................................. Classes begin February 3 . ................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers March 3 .......................................Meeting o f the Board o f Managers March 14 .................................... Mid-semester reports March 21 .................................... Spring recess begins, 12: 00 noon March 3 0 .......................................Spring recess ends, 8: 00 a. m. April 7 .........................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers May 5 .........................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers Honors seminars end May 15 .........................................Honors written examinations begin May 16 .........................................Classes end for second-semester seniors May 21 .........................................Classes end May 22 .........................................Enrollment in classes for winter semester, 1: 30 p. m. Review period for course students May 22-23 ........................... .. Senior written comprehensives May 25 .........................................Final examinations begin Honors written examinations end May 28-30 .................................. Honors oral examinations June 3 ........................................... Final examinations end June 5 ...........................................Meeting o f the Board o f Managers June 6 ........................................... Alumni Day June 7 ........................................... Baccalaureate Day . June 8 ........................................... Commencement Day 5 College Calendar 1953 Fall Semester September September September October 6 November November November December December 2 1 - 2 3 ......................... Freshman placement days 24 ..............................Registration, 1: 00 p. m. 25 ..............................Classes and honors seminars begin .................................... Meeting o f the Board o f Managers 3 ................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers 8 ................................Mid-semester reports 26 ..............................Thanksgiving Day (holiday) 1 ................................ Annual Meeting o f the Board o f Managers 19 ..............................Christmas recess begins, 6 :0 0 p. m. 1954 January January January January January January January January 4 .................................... Christmas recess ends, 8: 00 a. m. 5 .................................... Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers 16 .................................. Classes and seminars end 16 .................................. Registration, 1: 30 p. m. 18 .................................. Honors seminars begin for spring semester 18, 1 9 ........................... Review period for course students 20 .................................. Mid-year examinations begin 30 .................................. Mid-year examinations end Spring Semester February 2 .................................. Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers February 3 .................................. Classes begin March 2 .......................................Meeting o f the Board o f Managers March 20 .................................... Mid-semester reports March 27 .................................... Spring recess begins, 1 1 :0 0 a. m. A pril 5 .........................................Spring recess ends, 8: 00 a. m. A pril 6 .........................................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers May 1 ........................................... Honors seminars end May 4 ................ ...........................Executive Committee o f the Board o f Managers May 13 .........................................Honors written examinations begin M ay 15 .........................................Classes end for seniors May 20 .........................................Classes end M ay 21 ......................................... Enrollment in classes for fall semester, 1: 30 p. May 21-22 .................................. Review period for course students Senior comprehensive examinations M ay 22 .........................................Honors written examinations end May May June June June June June 24 .........................................Final examinations begin 27-29 .................................. Honors oral examinations 2 .......................................... Final examinations end 4 ........................................... Meeting o f the Board o f Managers 5 ........................................... Alumni Day 6 .......................................... Baccalaureate Day 7 .......................................... Commencement Day 6 Personnel of SW ARTH M ORE COLLEGE The Corporation Claude C. Smith , President 1617 Land Title Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. Philip T . Sharples, V ice-President Twenty-Third and Westmoreland Sts., Philadelphia 40, Pa. Eleanor Stabler C larke, Secretary Crumwald Farm, W allingford, Pa. H elen G awthrop W orth , Assistant Secretary Claymont, Delaware E. Lawrence W orstall, Treasurer 421 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 1, Pa. Board o f Managers Em eriti H etty Lippincott M iller, Riverton, N . J. Elsie Palmer Brown , 1622 Twenty-ninth Street, N . W ., Washington 7 D C H enry C. T urner, Buck H ill Falls, Pa. ’ Clement M . Biddle, P. O . B ox 743, Church St. Sta., N ew Y ork 8, N . Y . Edith ^Filson Jackson, 317 North Chester Road, Swarthmore, Pa. Lydia Foulke T aylor , 23 Summit Avenue, Larchmont, N. Y. L ife M em bers Eleanor Stabler Clarke, Crumwald Farm, W allingford Pa Isaac H . Clothier, Jr., 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 5, Pa. M ary Lippincott G riscoM, 314 East Central Avenue, Moorestown, N . J. Robert E. Lamb , 3429 W est Indiana Avenue, Philadelphia 32, Pa. H adassah M oore Leeds, 1025 W estview Street, Philadelphia 19, Pa. C laude C. Smith , 1617 Land Title Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. Barclay W hite, 22 North Thirty-sixth Street, Philadelphia 4, Pa H elen G awthrop W orth , Claymont, D el. Term E xpires D ecem ber, 1952 T . Stockton M atthews , Garrett Building, Baltimore, Md. C. N orman Stabler, 230 W est Forty-first St., N ew York, N . Y . Frank A ydelotte, 88 Battle Road, Princeton, N . J. Philip T . Sharples, Twenty-third and Westmoreland Streets, Philadelphia 40, Pa. Richard H. M cFeely, George School, Bucks County, Pa. ♦Margaret Ball D ellmuth , 12 Country Club Road, Camp H ill, Pa. Term E xpires D ecem ber, 1953 Phebb U nderhill Sbaman , Jericho, N. Y. Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett, 1922 Mount Royal Terrace, Baltimore 17 Md N icholas K elley, 70 Broadway, N ew Y ork 4, N . Y . E. Lawrence W orstall, 33 Dudley Avenue, Lansdowne, Pa. ♦Gertrude W ood T hatcher, 21 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. ♦W illiam H. W ard, 630 Strath Haven Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. Term E xpires D ecem ber, 1954 Ruth Potter A shton , 409 Elm Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. Isabel Jenkins Booth , 400 Delaware Street, N ew Castle, Del. Richard C. Bond, 1300 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. T heodorb W iding, 800 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. ♦A mos J. Peaslbb, Clarksboro, N . J. *Ellen Fernon Reisner, 43 W ooddale Road, Chestnut H ill, Philadelphia 18, Pa. * Nominated by the Alumni Association. 8 Term Expires D ecem ber, 1955 Hilda Lang D enworth , 301 Elm Ave., Swarthmore, Pa. T homas B. M cCabe, Front and Market Streets, Chester, Pa. A n n a Engle T aylor , 8240 Fairview Road, Philadelphia 17, Pa. Boyd T . Barnard, 914 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. »C aroline Biddle M alin , Northgate, Bronxville, N . Y. »Jack B. T hompson , 507 Harvard Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. C o m m it t e e s of the B oard T he President is ex-O fficio a m em ber o f Every Com m ittee E xecutive Barclay W hite Ruth Potter A shton Frank A ydelotte Boyd T. Barnard Isabel Jenkins Booth Eleanor Stabler Clarke Isaac H. Clothier, Jr. M ary Lippincott G riscom Robert E. Lamb H adassah M oore Leeds T homas B. M cCabe A mos J. Peaslee Philip T. Sharples T heodore W iding E. L awrence W orstall H elen G awthrop W orth Finance T heodore W iding Richard C. Bond N icholas K elley T homas B. M cCabe Philip T. Sharples C laude C. Smith E. Lawrence W orstall Instruction and Libraries Claude C. Smith Ruth Potter A shton Frank A ydelotte H adassah M oore Leeds Caroline Biddle M alin Richard H. M cFeely Phebe U nderhill Seaman Barclay W hite T heodore W iding H elbn G awthrop W orth Property Robert E. Lamb Boyd T. Barnard Isabel Jenkins Booth M ary Lippincott G riscom A mos J. Peaslee Jack B. T hompson W illiam H. W ard Barclay W hite Trusts T homas B. M cCabe Boyd T. Barnard Richard C. Bond Isaac H. C lothier, Jr . T. Stockton M atthews C. N orman Stabler E. Lawrence W orstall H ousehold and Student A ffairs M ary Lippincott G riscom Elisabeth H allowell Bartlett Eleanor Stabler C larke M argaret Ball D ellmuth Richard H. M c Feely A n n a Engle T aylor G ertrude W ood T hatcher T heodore W iding Nom inating Richard H. M cFeely H adassah M oore Leeds Claude C. Smith H elen G awthrop W orth Philip T. Sharples R uth Potter A shton 9 Alum ni Association Officers President, W illiam F. Lee '33, 5 Guernsey Road, Swarthmore, Pa. V ice-President fo r M en, H erbert L. Brown ’ 16, 3730 W oodland Avenue, Drexel H ill, Pa. V ice-President fo r W om en, V irginia Brown G reer '26, Farnum Road, Media, Pa. Secretary, I n ez Coulter R ussell '25, 416 Haverford Place, Swarthmore, Pa. Alum ni C ouncil Z on e I T erm Expires 1953 1954 1955 1953 1954 1955 Frank H . Jackson ’ 23, 1114 Beech Road, Rosemont, Pa. L ewis M . G ill ’ 33, 527, Baird Road, Merion, Pa. G eorge C. Corson ’ 10, Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, Pa. Edward L. N oyes ’ 31, 490 Riverview Road, Swarthmore, Pa. Barclay W hite, Jr. ’45, Heathdale Lane, Route 20, Media, Pa. J. Stokes C lement , Jr. '34, 1363 O ld Ford Rd., Huntingdon Valley, Pa. Charles E. Rickards '27, 555 Hansell Rd., W ynnewood, Pa. A n n a Roberts Brosius ’ 23, Russell Road, Berwyn, Pa. N ancy D eane Passmore ’ 30, Box 209, Rutledge, Pa. Catharine R. Belville '19, Box 372, Trenton 3, N. J. K atherine W arren Coles ’ 32, 517 W alnut Lane, Swarthmore, Pa. Phyllis H arper T ow nley ’ 28, 329 Hamilton Road, Merion, Pa. Jean W eltmer Stetson '38, 144 N . Highland Rd., Springfield, Pa. Barbara Briggs W inde ’ 31, 805 Princeton Rd., W ilm ington 6, D el. Z on e II 1953 Ellis G. Bishop '28, 61 Normandie Place, Cranford, N . J. 1954 Frank S. Christian ’ 31, 1235 Statler Bldg., Boston 16, Mass. 1955 N orris C. Barnard ’ 19, 410 Topping H ill Rd., Westfield, N . J. 1953 V irginia Cobb ’46, 19 Hilliard St., Cambridge 38, Mass. 1954 Caroline Jackson R ushmore ’ 31, 24 Atlanta Ave., East W illiston, N . Y . 1955 A ldyth Longshore C laiborn ’ 33, 64 Blake Rd., Hamden 14, Conn. Z on e III 1953 Frederick S. D onnelly , Jr. ’41, Armstrong Cork Co., 295 Fifth Ave., 1955 Philip A . Crowl ’ 36, Dept, o f the Army, Historical Division, Room 1E565 N ew Y ork 16, N . Y . Pentagon, W ashington 25, D . C. M ary F. B lackburn '13, 407 H ollen Road, Baltimore 12, Md. 1955 Ruth Jackson B oone '30, 7420 Wyndale Lane, Chevy Chase 15, M d. 1953 Z on e IV 1955 R. Fletcher Sbymour ’ 26, Lake Michigan Mortgage Co., 105 S. LaSalle St., Chicago 3, 111. Charles C . Price, III '34, 201 W . North Shore Drive, South Bend, Ind. Elizabeth G eddes Baker ’ 34, 72 Heather Drive, Atherton, Calif. Elizabeth Pollard Fetter ’25, 580 Orchard Lane, Winnetka, 111. 1954 1954 W illiam P. W ood ’ 36, 28 Crest V iew Drive, Orinda, Calif. Jean B. W alton '35, 136 East Seventh Street, Claremont, Calif. 1953 1955 1953 Z on e V 10 The Faculty John W . N ason, President ...................................................................... 324 Cedar B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University o f O xford; M .A., Harvard University; LL.D., University o f Pennsylvania, Carleton College; LittJD., Muhlenberg College, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital o f Philadelphia; L.HJD., Dropsie College. Edward K. Cratsley, V ice-President— Financial O peration and Control, and P rofessor o f Econom ics .................................................... 925 Strath Haven Avenue B.A., College o f W ooster; M .B.A. and D.C.S., Harvard University. Joseph B. Shane , V ice-President— Public R elations and Alum ni A ffairs, and Professor o f Education ..................................................................Cunningham House B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., University o f Pennsylvania. Susan P. Cobbs, D ean and P rofessor o f C la ssics.......................................W est House B.A., Randolph-Macon W om an’s College; M .A ., N ew Y ork University; Ph.D. University o f Chicago. Everett L. H unt , D ean and P rofessor o f E n g lish ..............................604 Elm Avenue B.A., Huron College; M .A ., University o f Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College. John M . M oore, A ssociate D ean, Registrar and P rofessor o f Philosophy, 2 W hittier Place B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M .A ., Harvard Uni­ versity; Ph.D., Columbia University. D eborah W ing , A ssociate D e a n ...................................................... Swarthmore College B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., Radcliffe College. Gilmore Stott , Assistant D e a n ................................................318 Dartmouth Avenue B.A. and M .A ., University o f Cincinnati; B.A. and M .A ., O xford University; M .A . and Ph.D., Princeton University. Charles G . T hatcher, Business Manager .................................. 613 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.E., Cornell University; M.M.E., Johns Hopkins University. E m e r it i A lfred M ansfield Brooks, Professor Em eritus o f Fine A rts . . . . Gloucester, Mass. B.A., and M .A., Harvard University; M .A., Indiana University. Henry Jermain M aude Creighton, P rofessor Em eritus o f Chemistry, B.A., M .A . and LL.D., Dalhousie University; M.Sc., University o f Birmingham; D.Sc., Das eidgenössische Polytechnikum, Zürich. A rnold D resden, P rofessor Em eritus o f M a th em atics.....................606 Elm Avenue M.S. and Ph.D., University o f Chicago. Ross W . M arriott, P rofessor Em eritus o f M athem atics . . . .213 Lafayette Avenue B.A., Indiana University; M .A ., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania. H enrietta Josephinb M eeteer, Professor Em eritus o f G reek and Latin 309 W arw ick Road, Haddonfield, N . J. B.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania. Samuel Copeland Palmer, P rofessor Em eritus o f Botany, 26th and Chestnut Streets, Chester, Pa. B.A. and M .A ., Swarthmore College; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. Professors M ary A lbertson, Professor o f H is to r y ............................................. 405 Walnut. Lane B.A., M .A ., and Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College. ♦Solomon E. A sch, P rofessor o f P sy ch o lo g y ......................................... 513 Elm Avenue B.S., College o f the City o f N ew Y ork; M .A . and Ph.D., Columbia University. W alter Baade, V isiting P rofessor o f A stro n o m y .......................Swarthmore College Ph.D., University o f Gottingen. G eorge J. Becker, P rofessor o f E n g lish ........................................... 401 W alnut Lane B.A., M .A ., and Ph.D., University o f Washington. * Absent on leave, Fall Semester. U' Richard B. .Brandì , Professor o f P h ilo so p h y ......... , ...................... $21 Elm Avenue B.A., Denison University; B.A., University o f Cambridge; Ph.D., Y ale Uni­ versity. H einrich Brinkmann , Professor o f M a th em atics............................. 403 Walnut Lane B.A., Stanford University; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. Samuel T . Carpenter, Isaiah V . W illiam son P rofessor o f C ivil and M echanical Engineering . ...................... ...............................................................612 Ogden Avenue B.C.E., C.E. and M.S., O hio State University. W illiam J. Cope, P rofessor o f M echanical E n g in eerin g .....................6 Crum Ledge B.S. in M.E., University o f Utah; M.E., Stanford University; Sc.D., in M.E., Massachusetts Institute o f Technology. Edward H. Cox , Edmund A llen P rofessor o f C h em istry................8 W hittier Place B.S., Earlham College; M .A ., Harvard University; Sc.D., University o f Geneva. ■(■Richard S. Crutchfield, P rofessor o f P sy ch o lo g y ..................................8 Crum Ledge — B-S, California Institute o f Technology; Ph.D., University o f California. W . C. Elmore , Professor o f P h y sics........................... Baltimore Pike, R.D. 3, Media B.S., Lehigh University; Ph.D., Yale University. Robert K. Enders, Isaac H . Clothier, Jr., P rofessor o f B iology . .311 Elm Avenue B.A. and Ph.D., University o f Michigan. *H erbbrt F. Fraser, P rofessor o f E con om ics.................................... W allingford Hills M .A ., University o f Aberdeen; F.R. Econ. S. Philip M arshall H icks, A lexander G risw old Cummins P rofessor o f English, 525 Elm Avenue B.A. and M .A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania. H oward M alcolm Jenkins, H enry C. and J. A rcher Turner P rofessor o f Engineer­ ing .............................................................................................506 North Chester Road B.A. and E.E., Swarthmore College. W alter B. K eighton, Jr ., P rofessor o f C h em istry............................. 3U Cedar T.nP B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Princeton University. W olfgang K ohler, Research P rofessor o f Philosophy and Psychology, 603> Elm Avenue Dr. Phil., University o f Berlin; D.Sc., University o f Pennsylvania. H arold M . M arch, P rofessor o f F r e n c h ............................................. 600 Elm Avenue B.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Yale University. JOHN D . M c C r u m m , P rofessor o f Electrical E n g in eerin g ..............515 Elm Avenue B.S. and M.S., University o f Colorado. J. Roland Pennock , P rofessor o f Political S c ie n c e ......................... 3 Whittier Place B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. Edith Philips, Susan W . Lippincott Professor o f F r en ch ................ 517 Elm Avenue B.A., Goucher College; Docteur de l’Université de Paris. Frank C. Pierson, P rofessor o f E con om ies.................................... 740 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; P h .D , Columbia University. tToWNSBND SCUDDBR, III, P rofessor o f English B.A. and P h .D , Y ale University. Charles B. Shaw , Librarian ............................................................. 606 Ogden Avenue B .A , M .A . and L.H .D ., Clark University. L. R. Shero , P rofessor o f G r e e k ............................................... 651 North Chester Road B .A , Haverford College; B .A , University o f O xford; M .A. and P h .D , Uni­ versity o f Wisconsin. A lfred J. Sw an , P rofessor o f M usic (on joint appointment with Haverford College) 519 W alnut Lane B.A. and M .A , University o f O xford. Peter van de K amp , P rofessor o f A stronom y and D irector o f Sproul Observatory 602 Elm Avenue B.S. and M .S , University o f Utrecht; P h .D , University o f California; D .P h il, University o f Groningen. Robert M . W alker, P rofessor o f Fine A rts .................................... 6 W hittier Place B.A. and M .F.A., Princeton University; P h .D , Harvard University. * Absent on leave, Fall Semester, t Absent on leave. 12 C l a k W iLCox, Joseph W harton P rofessor o f Political Econom y .510 Ogden Avenue B.S., University o f Pennsylvania; M .A., O hio State University: P h D Uni­ versity o f Pennsylvania. 7 Elkmibth Cox W right Professor o f E n g lish ............................. Rose Valley, Moylan B.A., Wellesley College; M .A . and Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvank. W inthrop R. W right, M orris L. C lothier P rofessor o f Physics . .4 W hittier Place A. B. and rn.JL)., University of Michigan. A s s o c ia t e P rofessors Lv m a BAE^ A ssociate P rofessor o f G erm a n ................Brookside Road, W allingford B. A., Oberlin College; M .A . and Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania D ennison Bancroft , A ssociate P rofessor o f P h y s ic s ............733 Harvard Avenue B.A., Amherst College; Ph.D., Harvard University. M onroe C. Beardsley, A ssociate P rofessor o f Philosophy .221 N. Princeton Avenue B.A. and Ph.D., Y ale University. tPAUL H . B eik , A ssociate P rofessor o f H istory .................................. 512 Elm Avenue B.A., Union College; M .A . and Ph.D., Columbia University. PrnLip W . Carruth, A ssociate P rofessor o f M athem atics . .317 North Chester Road B.A., Hamilton College; M .A., Syracuse University; Ph.D., University o f Illinois. 1 Robert H. D unn , A ssociate P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r M en, n o -r iTTB.S., Temple University. 811 Westdale Avenue Lewis H. Elverson, A ssociate P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r M en, E. n o tt • .. c n , . 319 W alnut Lane B.S., University o f Pennsylvania. J. Faulkner , A ssociate P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r M en, t. 4 n„ T a ■ n , , 235 Dickinson Avenue James A. Field, Jr A ssociate P rofessor o f H is to r y ........................... 7 Crum Ledge -------- B.S., M .A ., and Ph.D., Harvard University. fRoDERiCK Firt h , Associate Professor o f P h ilosop h y ......................... 400 W alnut Lane B.S., Haverford C ollege;' M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University Launce J. Flemister, Jr ., A ssociate P rofessor o f Z oology, n 4 ,, . , n, n. n. , R ogers Lane and Plush M ill Road, W allingford B.A., M .A . and Ph.D., D uke University. 1 D uncan G raham Foster, A ssociate P rofessor o f C h em istry..............15 Crest Lane B.A. and M .A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University. C. Justus G arrahan , A ssociate P rofessor o f Electrical Engineering, B.S. and M.S., University o f Pennsylvania. 301 C° llege A veaue Mila^ W . G arrett, A ssociate P rofessor o f Physics . .336 North Princeton Avenue B.A. and M .A ., Stanford University; B.A. and D.Phil., University o f O xford. Frederic S. K lees, A ssociate P rofessor o f E n g lish .................................... The Damsite B.A., Bowdoin College. Laurence D . Lafore , A ssociate P rofessor o f H is to r y .................. 506 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., Ph.D., Fletcher School o f Law and Diplomacy. Luzern G. Livingston, A ssociate P rofessor o f Botany, d o t _ ,, „ . 422 Highland Avenue, Morton B.S., Lawrence College; Ph.D., University o f Wisconsin. N o rm an A . M e in k o t h , A ssociate Professor o f Z oology . . . . 8 3 5 Harvard Avenue B. o f Ed., Southern Illinois Teachers College; M.S. and Ph.D., University o f Illinois. Jo h n . H imes Pitman , A ssociate P rofessor o f M athem atics and A stronom y, „ . 328 Vassar Avenue B.A. and M .A., Swarthmore College. fWiLLlAM C- H. Prentice, A ssociate P rofessor o f Psychology . . . . 1 W hittier Place B A., Swarthmore College; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. t Absent on leave. 13 V irginia Rath , A ssociate P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r W om en, 7 i5 Yale Avenue B.A., H ollins College; M .A ., Columbia University. K arl Rbuning , A ssociate P rofessor o f German . . . . 211 South Swarthmore Avenue D r. Phil., University o f Giessen. W alter J. Scott, A ssociate P rofessor o f Z o o lo g y ............306 North Chester Road Ph.B., Lafayette College; Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania. James D . Sorber, A ssociate P rofessor o f Spanish and D irector o f M usical A ctivities, 404 W alnut Lane B.A., Lehigh University; M .A ., University o f Nebraska. M urray S. Stedman , Jr ., A ssociate P rofesor o f Political Science . . . 1 Crum Ledge B.A., W illiam s College; M .A ., and Ph.D., Columbia University. W illis J. Stetson , A ssociate P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r M en and D irector o f A thletics ..................................................144 North Highland Road, Springfield B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., University o f Pennsylvania, fF rederick B. T olles, A ssociate P rofessor o f H istory and Librarian o f the Friends H istorical L ib ra r y .....................................Huntington Library, San Marino 9, Cal. B.A., M .A ., Ph.D., Harvard University. H ans W allach , A ssociate P rofessor o f P s y ch o lo g y ................ 805 Harvard Avenue D r. Phil., University o f Berlin. N eal A . W eber, A ssociate P rofessor o f Z o o lo g y ...................................... W est House B.A. and M.S., University o f North Dakota; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard Uni____versity. Leon W encelius, A ssociate P rofessor o f F r en ch ............................. 519 W alnut Lane D . és L., University o f Paris; L.Th., University o f Strasbourg; Th.D ., Union Theological Seminary. +Stephen E. W hicher, A ssociate P rofessor o f E n g lish .................... 5 W hittier Place B.A., Amherst College; M .A ., Columbia University; Ph.D., Harvard University. A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r s Elisa A sensio, Assistant P rofessor o f Spanish, Oakley Road and Railroad Avenue, Haverford M .A ., Middlebury College. Carl Barus, Assistant P rofessor o f Electrical E n g in eerin g .................. 2 Crum Ledge B.A., Brown University; M.S., Massachusetts Institute o f Technology. Frederick S. Burrell, Assistant P rofessor o f M echanical Engineering, Swarthmore College B.S. in E.E. and M.S., Kansas State College; M.E., Massachusetts Institute o f Technology. R ussell A . Clark , Assistant P rofessor o f P sy ch o lo g y ................ .. .8 Crum Ledge B.A. and M .A ., Wesleyan University; Ph.D., Y ale University. H ilde D . Cohn , Assistant Professor o f G erm a n ................................ 515 Elm Avenue Dr. Phil., University o f Heidelberg. Joseph D . Conard, Assistant P rofessor o f E con om ics.....................132 Park Avenue B.A., Grinnell College; M .A ., University o f California. D avid Cowden , Assistant P rofessor o f E n g lish .................... 302 North Chester Road B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. Bruce D earIng , Assistant P rofessor o f E n g lish ...................................... 3 Crum Ledge B.A., Allegheny College; M .A . and Ph.D., University o f Iowa. Edward A . Fehnel , Assistant P rofessor o f Chem istry . . . .317 North Chester Road B.S., M .A . and Ph.D., Lehigh University. A rthur G ladstone, Assistant P rofessor o f P sy ch o lo g y ............915 Harvard Avenue B.S., Queens College; M.S. and Ph.D., Y ale University. H enry G leitman , Assistant P rofessor o f Psychology . . . . 302 North Chester Road B.S., City College o f N ew Y ork ; Ph.D., _ University o f California. W illiam H ordern, Assistant P rofessor o f R e lig io n ......... 317 North Chester Road B.A., University o f Saskatchewan; B.D., St. Andrew’ s; S.T.M. and Th.D ., Union Theological Seminary. t Absent on leave. 14 Roy F. D nsenmeyer, Assistant P rofessor o f C ivil Engineering, 555 Sheffield Drive, Springfield, Pa. B.S. in C.E., University o f Pittsburgh; M.S.E., University o f Michigan. Peter M adison, Assistant P rofessor o f P sy ch o lo g y .................................. 4 Crum Ledge B.S., University o f Oregon; M .A., Harvard University. G erard J. M angone , Assistant P rofessor o f Political Science . .317 N . Chester Road B.A., College o f the City o f N ew Y ork; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. John I. M ichaels, Jr., Assistant P rofessor o f Political Science (on joint appoint­ ment with Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges) . . . .317 North Chester Road B.A., University o f W ichita; M .A ., O hio State Univeristy; M .A . and Cer.tificate o f the Russian Institute, Columbia University. Irene M oll , Assistant P rofessor o f Physical Education fo r W om en, hg 805 Harvard Avenue B.S. in Ed., University o f Kansas; M .A ., Texas State College for W om en. +Bernard M orrill, Assistant P rofessor o f M echanical Enginereing, 915 Harvard Avenue B.S. in M.E., Massachusetts Institute o f Technology; M.M.E., University of __Delaware. Charles W . N ewlin , Assistant P rofessor o f C ivil Engineering, 204 Sunnybrook Road, Springfield, Pa. B.C.E., Rose Polytechnic Institute; M.S., Harvard University. H elen -F. N orth , Assistant P rofessor o f C la ssics......................... 120 S. Chester Road B.A., M .A ., Ph.D., Cornell University. M ay E. Parry, Assistant Professor o f Physical Education fo r W om en, Swarthmore Apartments B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S., Temple University.^ Philip C. Prager, Assistant P rofessor o f M echanical Engineering, 91 Lownes Lane, Springfield B.S. in M.E., University o f Pittsburgh. Hedley H. Rhys, Assistant P rofessor o f Fine A rts, 146 South Rolling Road, Springfield, Pa. B.A., W est Virginia University; M .A ., Harvard University. Richard T aylor , V isiting Assistant P rofessor o f Philosophy . . Swarthmore College B.A. and Ph.D., Brown University. T heodore H. V on Laue, Assistant Professor o f H istory (part-tim e), 5 Crum Ledge B.A. and Ph.D., Princeton University. W illiam W asserstrom, Assistant P rofessor o f E n g lish ............Swarthmore College B.A., Bucknell University; M .A . and Ph.D., Columbia University. W illis D . W eatherford, Assistant Professor o f Econom ics . .Swarthmore College B.A., Vanderbilt University; B.D., Y ale University; M .A . and Ph.D., Harvard University. M erton J. W illis, Assistant P rofessor o f C ivil Engineering . .915 Harvard Avenue B.C.E., University o f W ashington; M.S., Cornell University. Paul N . Y lvisaker, Assistant P rofessor o f Political Science . . . .8B W hittier Place B.S., Mankato State Teachers College; M .P.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. In st r u c to r s Elizabeth Lane Beardsley, Instructor (part-tim e) in Philosophy, 221 North Princeton Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., Columbia University; Ph.D., Y ale University. K u rt K . Bohnsack, Instructor in B io lo g y ........................... 302 North Chester Road B.S., O hio University; M.S., University o f Michigan. Robert D . Cross, Instructor in H is to r y .........................................805 Harvard Avenue B.A. and M .A ., Harvard University. H blen M . H all , Instructor ( part-tim e) in E n g lish ................ 607 Hiltborn Avenue B.A., W ellesley College; M .A ., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University o f Pennsylvania. t Absent on leave 15 H elen M anning H unter, Instructor (part-tim e) in Econom ics, Ph.D., R addiffe College. 5 C° llege Circle’ Hav « fo r d i 1s r „ j . r Diplom a, D em idoff Teachers Training College, Russia!............3 5 L O lga Lamkert , Instructor in Russian ................ B E ^ liJ h * * * 0 ™.. ,LANGE’ D ,rector ° f Dramatics and Instructor (part-tim e) in Richard W . Lym an , Instructor in H is to rv .................................... m“ 6 B.A Swarthmore College; M .A . H ^vard U niversity'' ' Swarthlnore BA “ S lnStZ CT i f ^ h e m a t i c s .................... 805 Harvard Avenue J r ® ’ G nn ? e* College; M .A ., University o f Illinos. n ~n D avid Rosbn, Instructor in M a th em a tics................ p = .TB ^ - ’c NeW Y ° rk University; M .A . and Ph.D., University' o f P e ™ X n k S ai< a' D.A W d l o W College; P h .D , v i l e u i v e ^ . ' .............. ” H * " " d A '" ” " Erna F. Schneider, Instructor in P hilotobhv JOH si S S T S fifi» ..................«>«... u» ......................................... 120 South C h «te r Road Leland B. T icknor , Instructor in Chemistry r n B.S., University o f Washington; Ph.D., Maisachusetti Institute o f T e c h S E S ? L ecturers a n d A s s is t a n t s A lice Brodhead, Lecturer in Psychology and Education, B.S and M .A . University o f Pennsylvania. ^ R Swarthmore Avenue SARAH Flemistbr, Lecturer (part-tim e) in B iology, B.A., M .A . and Ph.D., Duke ^ M U R° ad’ W al!in* ford PHILIR A ' ^ T ^ CtUrerJ n * f i ticaL S- ' e n c e ............14 South Swarthmore Avenue University? Umversity: M A '> University o f Pennsylvania; Ph.D., Princeton Sarah Lee Lippincott^Research A ssociate in A stronom y . . 120 South Chester Road B.A., Umversity o f Pennsylvania; M .A ., Swarthmore College 8 R obert Bach, Assistant tn Physical Education fo r M en, ■ d a tn r> it _, . 25 North State Road, Upper Darbv B.A., Dartmouth College; M .A ., Umversity o f Pennsylvania. WALTER A. Bahr, Assistant in Physical Education fo r M en, B.S., Temple University. 246 T ' HamPshire Avenue> Audubon, N . J. A very B lake , Assistant in Physical Education fo r M e n ........... 49 Amherst Avenue A . . W ayne Conger, O bserver (part-tim e) in Astronom y, Avenue t, „ „ c Julia E. koehle ^ . Brooke Hall, Baltimore Pike and Lemon Street, Media in A stro n o m y ..............................403 Park Avenue James J. M cA doo, Assistant in Physical Education fo r M en, James H . M iller, Assistant in Physical E d i c l f o ^ f o r M ^ M.S., University o f Pennsylvania. Germantown 834 SeVenth Pf0Spect Park Janbt Scantlebury, Assistant in Physical Education fo r W om en, H oward D . Sipler, A ssistant in Physical Education fo fM e n , Street> •UUila.delphia B.A., Swarthmore College. 120 Harvard Avenue Paul Stofko , Assistant in Physical Education fo r M en, n o TT . . . _ J008 Hempstead Road, Pennfield Downs, Havertown B.S., Umversity o f Pennsylvania. Florence W ilcox , D irector o f A rts and Crafts ......................... 510 Ogden Avenue B.A., O hio Wesleyan Umversity; M .A ., University o f Pennsylvania 16 D I. iv is io n s an d D epartm en ts Division o f the Humanities— L. R. Shero, Chairman. Classics, L. R. Shero, Chairman. English, Philip M . Hicks, Chairman. Fine Arts, Robert M. W alker, Chairman. History, M ary A lbertson, Chairman. Modern Languages, Edith Philips, Chairman. Music, A lfred J. Sw an , Chairman. Philosophy and Religion, Richard B. Brandt, Chairman. Psychology and Education, H ans W allach , Chairman. II. Division o f the Social Sciences— Frank C. Pierson, Chairman. Economics, Clair W ilcox, Chairman. History, M ary A lbertson, Chairman. Philosophy and Religion, Richard B. Brandt, Chairman. Political Science, J. Roland Pennock , Chairman. Psychology, H ans W allach , Chairman. III. D ivision o f Mathematics and the Natural Sciences— Robert K. Enders, Chairman. Astronomy, Peter van de K amp , Chairman. Biology, Robert K. Enders, Chairman. Chemistry, Edward H . Cox , Chairman. Electrical Engineering, H oward M. Jenkins, Chairman. Mathematics, H ehnrich Brinkmann , Chairman. Physics, W illiam C. Elmore , Chairman. Psychology and Education, H ans W alla Ch , Chairman. IV . D ivision o f Engineering— John D . M cCrumm , Chairman Civil Engineering, Samuel T. Carpenter , Chairman. Electrical Engineering, H oward M. Jenkins, Chairman. Mechanical Engineering, W illiam J. Cope, Chairman. Chemistry, Edward H . Cox , Chairman. Mathematics, H einrich Brinkmann , Chairman. Physics, W illiam C. Elmore, Chairman. 17 St a n d i n g C o m m i t t e e s of the Fa c u l t y 1952-53 academic requirements : M oore, Chairman. Brinkmann, Cobbs, Field, Hunt, McCrumm, North. ( m e n ) : Hunt, Chairman. Bohnsack, Cobbs, Elverson, Foster, M oore, Prager, Shane, Stott, Ylvisaker. admissions ( w o m e n ) : Cobbs, Chairman. Beardsley, Field, Hunt, Meinkoth, W in g. admissions athletics : Stetson, Chairman. . „ Carpenter, Dunn, Rath, Scott, Shane, Thatcher, Weatherford, with Charles C. Miller, awards and prizes: Becker, Chairman. Keighton, Mangone, Stott, W illis, W in g. collection : Shane, Chairman. Mangone, Meinkoth, Newlin, Sorber. cooper foundation : Lafore, Chairman. Elmore, Klees, McCrumm, Pierson, Rhys, Swan, van de Kamp. curriculum : L. Flemister, Chairman. Carruth, Conard, Garrahan, M oore, Sorber, Walker. swarthmore fellowships : Brinkmann, Chairman. Cohn, Fehnel, Lafore, March, W eber, W ilcox. FELLOWSHIPS FROM other institutions : March, Chairman. Albertson, Carpenter, Cobbs, Cohn, Foster, Stott, W allach. instruction : Nason, Chairman. Becker, Cobbs, Enders, Hunt, McCrumm, Pierson, Shero. library : Rhys, Chairman. Baer, Cox, Field, Gleitman, North, Shaw, E. W right. OF ARTS: van de Kamp, Chairman. Albertson, Asch, Brandt, Jenkins. master pre-medical program : Meinkoth, Chairman. Bowie, Keighton, Stott, Wallach. schedule of classes: M oore, Chairman. Bancroft, Carruth, Cowden, Garrahan, Madison, Stedman, Walker. student affairs : Hunt, Chairman. Cobbs, Conard, Hordern, Lafore, Madison, Stott, Pennock, W in g. travel allowance : North, Chairman. Jenkins, Livingston, Reuning. secretary TO the faculty : Jenkins. 18 Adm inistrative Officers and Assistants P r e s id e n t ’s O f f ic e President, John W . N ason, B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University o f O xford; M .A., Harvard University; LL.D., University o f Pennsylvania, Carleton C ol­ lege; Litt. D ., Muhlenberg College, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital o f Philadelphia, L.H .D ., Dropsie College. Secretary, Janet G. B ourne . V i c e -P r e s id e n t s ’ O f f ic e Vice-President— Financial Operation and Control, Edward K. Cratsley, B.A., College o f W ooster; M .B.A. and D.C.S., Harvard University. V ice-President— Public Relations and Alum ni A ffairs, Joseph B. Shane . B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., University o f Pennsylvania. Secretaries, D oris M usgrave, M ildred A . Scott . D eans’ O f f ic e s D eans: Susan P. Cobbs, B.A., Randolph-Macon W om an’s College; M .A ., N ew Y ork University; Ph.D., University o f Chicago. Everett L. H unt , B.A., Huron College; M .A ., University o f Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College. Associate D eans: John M . M oore, B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M .A ., Harvard University; Ph.D., Columbia University. D eborah W ing, B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A ., Radcliffe College. Assistant D ean: G ilmore Stott , B.A. and M .A., University o f Cincinnati; B.A. and M .A., O xford University; M .A . and Ph.D., Princeton University. Head Residents in D orm itories: V irginia von Frankenberg, Parrish Hall. Sara M . Little, W orth Dorm itory; B.A., Smith College. H elen F. N orth , Palmer H all; B.A., M .A ., Ph.D., Cornell University. H elen C. Bowie , Pittenger H all; B.A., University o f Colorado. Sarah Lee Lippincott, Roberts H all; B.A., University o f Pennsylvania; M .A., Swarthmore College. Secretaries to th e D eans: H elene M. D avis. Janb D avis, B.A., University o f Pennsylvania. M yrtle R. K ebny , B.A., Dickinson College. Frances W ills Slaugh, B.A., Swarthmore College. R e g is t r a r ’ s O f f ic e Registrar, John M . M oore, B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M .A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Columbia University. Secretaries, M ildred T . W alichuk , B.A., Bucknell University. D orothy C. A llen . 19 L ib r a r y St a f f College Library Librarian: Charles B. Shaw , B.A., M .A ., and L.H .D ., Clark University. Technical Services Librarian: M artha A . Connor , B.S., M .A., University of Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Assistant Librarians: Cataloging: Elizabeth L. H arrar, B.A., University o f Delaware; M .A., University o f Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Elizabeth S. Sharpless, B.A ., Swarthmore College; B.S., in L.S., Drexel Institute. O rder: Catherine J. Smith , B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Clerical A ssistants: Frances Fredrick, A nne Perkins, B.A., University of Delaware. Readers Services libra ria n : H oward H. W illiams, B.A., Lake Forest College; M .A ., and B.S. in L.S., Columbia University. Assistant Librarians: Circulation: tD oris Beik, B.A., and B.S. in L.S., N ew Y ork State College for Teachers. *M ichi N akamura , B.A., Tsuda College, Tokyo; M.S. in L.S., Drexel In­ stitute. **D avid Peele, B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S. in L.S., Western Reserve University. P eriodicals: M ary G . T ait , B.A., W ells College; B.S. in L.S;, Drexel In­ stitute. Circulation A ssistants: G enevieve M ay , B.A., Juniata College; Susan R ounds, B.A., Swarthmore College. Curator o f th e John W illiam Graham C ollection o f Literature o f Psychic Science: S. Rowland M organ . Friends Historical Library . Librarian, J*Frederick B. T olles, B.A., M .A ., and Ph.D., Harvard University. A ctin g Librarian: D orothy G . H arris, B.A., Wellesley College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Assistant lib ra ria n : Benjam in H . Branch , Jr ., B.S., Drexel; B.A., G uilford College; M.S., University o f Illinois. Cataloger: M ildred H irsch, B.S. in L.S., Columbia University. Secretary: Elizabeth L. M angelsdorf, B.A., Swarthmore College. Swarthmore C ollege Peace C ollection: C urator: M ary G . Cary , B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M .A ., University o f Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. B u s in e s s M a n a g e r ’s O f f ic e Business M anager, Charles G . T hatcher , B.A., Swarthmore College, M.E., Cornell University; M.M.E., Johns Hopkins University. Accountant, G . Caroline Shero, B.A., Swarthmore College; M .B.A., University of Pennsylvania. Assistants, G race R. Babbitt, G ertrudb G erould, Sylvia J. Scott . Purchasing A gent, Lewis T . Cook, Jr ., B.S., St. Lawrence University; M.S., Penn­ sylvania State College. Secretary, M arielle Schwantes Fenstermacher, B.A., Swarthmore College. M anager o f B ookstore, Jean M. Sokber. Stenographic Staff, M arian R ansburg. Switchboard O perators, A yme G osman , Lydia E. Ramage, Edna Corson . t Absent on leave. * Second semester only. 20 * * On leave second semester. H ou se D ir e c t o r ’s Ô f f ic ë H ouse D irector, Sara M . Little , B.A., Smith College. Assistant to the H ouse D irector, Kathryn A . D avisson. S u p e r i n t e n d e n t ’s O f f ic e Superintendent and H ead Gardener, H arry W ood. D irector o f A rthur H oyt Scott H orticultural Foundation, Joh n C. W ister, B A Harvard University, D.Sc., Swarthmore College. Consulting Engineer, A ndrew Simpson , B .A , Swarthmore College; M.S. Cornell University. Assistants to th e Superintendent, Clifford Renshaw , Sr ., A rlington A ckerman Secretaries, V eronica Sullivan , Francis K avanagh . D i e t i t i a n ’s O f f ic e D ietitian, R uth E. Carr, B.S., Simmons College. Assistant D ietitian, H ilda H opkins Smith , B.S., Simmons College. A l u m n i O f f ic e Assistant, K athryn Bassett. Alumni Recorder, Elnora Cox Sw artz . F u n d O f f ic e D irector, H arriet M. W elsh. Secretary, H arriet G ilbert. * P u b l ic it y O f f ic e D irector, G eorge A. T est, B.A., Swarthmore College; M .A., University o f Pennsyl­ vania. H e a l t h S e r v ic e Physician, M orris A . Bowie , B.A., University of Colorado; versity. M.D., Harvard Uni­ Consulting Psychiatrists: Leon J. Saul , B.A. and M .A ., Columbia University; M .D ., Harvard University. J. W . Lyons, B.A., University o f Scranton; M .D ., University o f Pennsylvania. N urses: A nne A ustin, R.N., B lanche D evereux, R.N., Regina L. H oltzman , R.N., A n n a H. Lilley , R.N. H onorary C u rators o f th e B id d l e M e m o r i a l L ib r a r y Frank A ydelottb .......................................................... 88 Battle Road, Princeton, N . J. Clement M . Bid d l e ................... P. O . Box 743, Church Street Station, N ew Y ork 8 La V brnb Fo r b u s h .......................................... 5014 Embla Avenue, Baltimore 10, Md. James R. Fr o r e r ........................................................ W eldin Road, W ilm ington 284, Del. Hannah Clothier H ull .............................................. 504 W alnut Lane, Swarthmore Jesse M erritt ..........................................................................................Farmingdale, L. I. Louis N . Ro b in s o n ........................................................ 4 l l College Avenue, Swarthmore Jane P. Rushmore ..................................................................................... Riverton, N . J. 21 In t r o d u c t io n SWARTHMORE To COLLEGE Introduction to Swarthmore C ollege Swarthmore College, founded In 1864 by members o f the Religious Society o f Friends, is a small co-educational college situated twelve miles southwest o f Philadelphia. In accordance with the traditions o f its Quaker background, Swarthmore students are expected to prepare themselves for full, wellrounded lives as individuals and as responsible citizens through exacting in­ tellectual study supplemented by a varied program o f sports and extra­ curricular activities. The college campus contains about 250 acres o f rolling w ooded land in the borough o f Swarthmore in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. T he borough o f Swarthmore is a small residential suburb within half an hour’s commuting distance o f Philadelphia on the W est Chester branch o f the Pennsylvania Railroad. Situated near the intersection o f U. S. Route 1 (Baltimore Pike) and Pennsylvania State Highway 320, Swarthmore is easily accessible by car.* Because o f its location, Swarthmore College students are able to combine the advantages o f a semi-rural setting with the opportunities offered by Philadelphia. Especially valuable is the cooperation possible with three other nearby institutions, Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges and the U ni­ versity o f Pennsylvania. O b j e c t iv e s a n d P u r p o s e s The purpose o f Swarthmore College is to make its students more valu­ able human beings and more useful members o f society. It shares this purpose with other educational institutions, fo r American education is a direct outgrowth o f our democratic principles. Democracy is based on the infinite worth o f each individual. It can operate successfully only when men are willing to seek together a common good. It depends upon knowl­ edge and understanding o f the complex problems o f modern society. The debt o f our educational system to democracy is equalled only by the debt o f democracy to education. W h ile a comm on purpose underlies all American education, each school and college and university seeks to realize that purpose in its own way. Each must select those tasks it can do best. Only in this way can it be most effective. Only by such selection can it contribute to the diversity and richness o f educational opportunity which is a part o f the American heritage and the American strength. T h e R e l ig io u s T r a d it io n Swarthmore College was founded by the Religious Society o f Friends and it seeks to illuminate the life o f its students with the spiritual principles o f • T o reach the college, motorists should turn off U. S. Route 1 to State Highway 320 in the direc­ tion of Chester and continue south along Chester Road in the borough of Swarthmore about half a mile until reaching College Avenue. There a right turn is made to the college campus. 24 that Society. Although it has been non-sectarian in control since the begin­ ning o f the present century and although the children o f Friends are in a minority, the college seeks to preserve the religious tradition out o f which it sprang. The essence o f Quakerism is the individual’s responsibility fo r seeking truth and for applying whatever truth he believes he has found. A s a way o f life, it emphasizes hard work, simple living, and generous giving; personal integrity, social justice, and the peaceful settlement o f disputes. The college does not seek to impose on its students this Quaker view o f life, or any other specific set o f convictions about the nature o f things and the duty of man. It does, however, have the tw o-fold aim o f encouraging conscious concern about such questions and unceasing re-examination o f any view which may be held regarding them. That is the kind o f ethical and religious character which Swarthmore seeks to develop. During recent months a special joint committee o f the Board o f Managers, the faculty, and the students has been working on ways to apply and to make effective the Quaker concerns o f the college in the present world situation. One result o f its labors thus far is the provision fo r a field o f concentration in International Relations, outlined on page 112 below. T h e C o m m u n i t y L if e Swarthmore is a small college by deliberate policy. Its enrollment in normal years is about 850 students, o f whom about 400 are women and 450 are men. It is semi-rural in location, residential and co-educational in character. These features create an ideal environment fo r personal growth. Co-education provides the most natural environment fo r both men and women, w ho in their common work and play come to value each other for their true worth. Almost all o f the students live in the college dormitories and eat together in the dining rooms. A large number o f faculty houses are within campus boundaries, making it possible for students to have valu­ able social contacts with their professors outside the classroom. The resi­ dential character is the basis fo r a community life in which the ideals o f the college influence every member. Growth in emotional maturity, necessary both for personal satisfaction and for effective action, is an integral part o f the total educational program. For this reason the college encourages a wide variety o f extra-curricular activities. Participation in sports has many values, social as well as indi­ vidual. Membership in student organizations is important. In practising parliamentary procedure and in facing the victories and defeats o f elective office, students learn to live together, ironing out the clash o f personalities and the friction o f different views. They learn the effectiveness o f enthus­ iasm and the frustration o f indifference. They learn to soften their un25 critical intolerance as they struggle to live successfully together. They learn the meaning o f responsibility as they become responsible fo r their activities. T h e Ed u c a t io n a l P r o g r a m Swarthmore’s educational program is based on the philosophy that selfdiscovery and self-development are more valuable than the simple demon­ strative method o f teaching. Therefore, whenever it is possible, students are encouraged to make their own analyses, based on original source material or on laboratory experiments. Believing also that a liberal education is based on knowledge o f many areas o f human experience, the college requires that freshmen and sopho­ mores take a wide variety o f courses. This plan allows them to test their ability in subjects they have already studied and to explore new fields. By the end o f their sophomore year, students are expected to make two de­ cisions: first, what their field o f concentration w ill be fo r the last two years; and second, whether they prefer to take "honors work” or to continue their study in regular courses. Honors work, more fully described on pages 56 to 58, is a method o f study open to juniors and seniors who have shown independence and re­ sponsibility in their academic work. They are freed from classroom routine and meet with their instructors in small weekly seminar groups fo r dis­ cussion and evaluation o f their work. Since an honors student pursues only one major and one related minor subject during a semester, this system facilitates greater concentration and greater independence than is possible under the usual academic routine. The development o f the "honors” or seminar method was begun under President Aydelotte in 1922, and because o f its success, it has been widely imitated in other institutions. A c a d e m ic C o m p e t e n c e Democracy demands a broad base o f intelligent understanding o f issues. It also necessitates a high order o f excellence in those who are destined to become its leaders. Swarthmore can best serve society by the maintenance o f high standards. It is peculiarly fitted by tradition and performance for this essential role, and it is precisely this readiness to d o a particular job well that gives the College its value in the educational mosaic o f American democracy. Education is largely an individual matter, fo r no two students are exactly alike. Some need detailed help, while others profit from considerable freedom. T he program o f honors study, in which Swarthmore pioneered, is designed to give recognition to this fact. It is the most distinctive feature o f our educational program. For many students it provides an enriching and exciting intellectual experience. It has as its main ingredients freedom from class work, maximum latitude fo r the development o f individual 26 responsibility, concentrated work in broad fields o f study, and close associa­ tion with faculty members in small seminars. T he honors program and the course program are parallel systems o f instruction fo r students during their last two years. Both are designed to evoke the maximum effort and-develop­ ment from each student, the choice o f method being determined by individ­ ual need and capacity. A college is never static. Its purposes and policies are always changing to meet new demands and new conditions. T he founders o f Swarthmore would find in it today many features they never contemplated when they shaped the College in the middle o f the nineteenth century. Swarthmore, if it is to remain alive, must be forever changing. A n d many people are continually engaged in shaping its destiny— the Board o f Managers, ad­ ministration, faculty, students, alumni, parents, and the community as a whole. The goal is to achieve fo r each generation, by means appropriate to the times, that unique contribution and that standard o f excellence which have been the guiding ideals o f Swarthmore from its founding. 27 Adm ission Inquiries concerning admission and applications should be addressed to the Deans o f the C ollege: from men, to Dean Everett L. H unt; from women, to Dean Susan P. Cobbs. G e n e r a l St a t e m e n t In the selection o f students the college seeks those qualities o f character, social responsibility, and intellectual capacity which it is primarily concerned to develop. It seeks them, not in isolation, but as essential elements in the whole personality o f candidates fo r admission. In the competition fo r admission preference is given to the children o f Friends and alumni who can meet the requirements. It is also the policy o f the college to have the student body represent not only different parts o f the United States but many foreign countries, both public and private secondary schools, and various economic, social, religious, and racial groups. Selection is important and difficult. N o simple formula w ill be effective. The task is to select those who give real promise o f distinction in the quality o f their personal lives, in. service to the community, or in leadership in their chosen fields. Swarthmore College must choose its students on the basis o f their individual future worth to society and o f their collective realization o f the purpose o f the college. Admission to the freshman class is normally based upon the satisfactory completion o f a four-year program preparatory to advanced liberal study. Applicants are selected on the follow in g evidence: 1. Record in secondary school; 2. Recommendation o f the school principal or headmaster and o f others w ho know the applicant; 3. Ratings in the Scholastic Aptitude Test and in three Achievement Tests o f the College Entrance Examination Board. In some cases, special tests may be given by the college. 4. Personal interview with one o f the Deans or an appointed representa­ tive. 5. Reading and experience, both in school and out. Applicants must have satisfactory standing in school, and in aptitude and achievement tests, and should show strong intellectual interests. They should also give evidence o f sturdiness o f character, promise o f growth, initiative, seriousness o f purpose, and a sense o f social responsibility. As future mem­ bers o f the college community, they should represent varied interests, types, and backgrounds. 28 Preparation Applicants are urged to make their choice o f college as early as possible in order to plan the work o f their school years with the assistance o f the Committees on Admission. In general, preparation should include: 1. Skills: The follow ing skills are essential to success in college work and should be brought to a high level by study and practice through­ out the preparatory period: a. The use o f the English language with accuracy and effectiveness in reading, writing, and speaking. b. The use o f the principles o f arithmetic, algebra, and plane geometry. c. The use o f one, or preferably o f two, foreign languages to the point o f reading prose o f average difficulty at sight, and o f writing and speaking with some ease and proficiency. 2. Subjects: A ll, or almost all, o f the preparatory course should be com ­ posed o f the subjects listed in the follow ing four groups. Variations o f choice and emphasis are acceptable although some work should be taken in each group. History and Social Studies: American, English, European, and ancient history; political, social, and economic problems o f modern society. Literature and A rt: American, English, and foreign literature, ancient and m odern; music, art, architecture. Natural Science and Mathematics: chemistry, physics, biology, astron­ om y; algebra, geometry, trigonometry. A college major in science or engineering presupposes substantial work in algebra, in plane and, if possible, solid geometry, and in trigonometry. Languages: European in science French in English, Latin, Greek, German, French, Spanish, other or Oriental languages. Applicants who expect to major are strongly advised to include German and, if possible, their school programs. A pplications and Examinations Applications must be filed in the office o f the Deans by February 15 o f the year in which the candidate wishes to be admitted. A n application fee o f $5.00, which is not refundable, is required o f all candidates. A ll applicants for admission are required to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test and three Achievement Tests given by the College Entrance Examina­ tion Board. The Achievement Test in English Composition is required o f all candi­ dates; the oilier two Achievement Tests are chosen by the candidate from 29 two different fields. Candidates for engineering must take the test in A d ­ vanced Mathematics. In 1952-53 these tests w ill be given in various centers throughout this country and abroad on December 6, January 10, March 14, M ay 16 and August 12. Applicants are normally expected to take the required tests in March o f their Senior year. Scholarship candidates are urged to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test in December or January, and other applicants may do so if they wish. Those who wish to take the tests for practice at the end o f the Junior year are encouraged to d o so. A ll such applicants must repeat the tests in their Senior year, however, in order to give themselves the advantage o f maximum preparation. Application to take the tests should be made directly to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 592, Princeton, N ew Jersey. A bulletin o f information may be obtained without charge from the Board. Students who wish to take the tests in any o f the follow ing western states, territories, and Pacific areas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, N ew M exico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, W yom ing, Alaska, Hawaii, A l­ berta, British Columbia, M exico, Australia, and all Pacific Islands including Formosa and Japan, should address their inquiries and send their applica­ tions to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 9896, Los Feliz Station, Los Angeles 27, California. Application should be made to the Board at least a month before the date on which the test w ill be taken. N o additional tests are required o f candidates fo r scholarships. They must, however, write fo r a special application blank at least tw o weeks in advance o f the date on which applications fo r admission are due. Informa­ tion concerning scholarships w ill be found on pages 33 to 39. Notices o f the action o f the Admissions Committee w ill be mailed about May 1. A dvanced Standing For favorable consideration, applicants fo r advanced standing must have had a: g ood scholastic record in the institution from which they wish to transfer, and must present full credentials fo r both college and preparatory work and a letter o f honorable dismissal. They must take the College Transfer Test given by the College Entrance Examination Board on the dates mentioned in the preceding section. As a general rule, students are not admitted to advanced standing later fiian the beginning o f the sophomore year. Four terms o f study at Swarthmore College constitute the minimum requirement fo r a degree, tw o o f which must be those o f the senior year. 30 Expenses Charges per academic year o f two semesters: Board, room, and t u it io n ............................................................. $1450* General fee ...................................................................................... 100 Total ch a rg e s ...................................................................................... $1550 W hile a general charge fo r board, room and tuition is made, this may be divided into $750 for tuition and $700 fo r board and room. The general fee o f $100 per year covers the costs o f student health, library and laboratory fees, athletic fees, arts and crafts, and the support o f several other extra curricular activities. An additional deposit o f $25 per semester is required o f each student, payable in advance, to cover incidental bills. Students may charge purchases at the college bookstore, and certain other charges agreed to by the Business Office. W hen this deposit has been exhausted a new one w ill be required immediately. Any unused balance is returned at the time o f graduating or leaving college. One half o f the total sum is due not later than Registration Day at the beginning o f the fall semester. Bills are mailed before the opening o f the current term. Payments should be made by check or draft to the order o f Swarthmore C ollege. A student is not a registered student at Swarthmore College, nor on any class roll, until his bill is paid. Correspondence about financial matters should be addressed to the Accountant, Miss G . Caro­ line Shero. N o reduction or refunding o f tuition can be made on account o f absence, illness, voluntary withdrawal, or dismissal from college. N o reduction or refund will be made for failure to occupy the room assigned for a given term, nor is the general fee refundable. In case o f absence or withdrawal from the college and provided due notice has been given in advance to the Business Manager, there w ill be a refund fo r board for any time in excess o f six weeks. Exceptions w ill be made for students who are required by the draft to leave during the course o f the academic year. In these cases tuition, general fee, board and room charges will be refunded on a pro rata basis. T he T uition Plan Many o f the parents o f students may wish to pay all tuition, fees, and residence charges on a monthly basis. It is now possible to arrange this • An advance deposit o f $25 is required of all new students in order to reserve a place in college for the coming year. A similar deposit of $15 is required of returning students. These deposits are credited against the bill for tuition, board, and room. 31 under The Tuition Plan. The cost is four percent greater than when pay­ ments are made in cash in advance. Details o f its operation will be furnished by the College with the first semester’s bill in September. A c c id en t and Sic k n e s s I n su r a n c e The college makes available both accident and accident and sickness in­ surance to students through John C. Paige & Company o f Boston, Massa­ chusetts. The accident coverage alone, which is strongly recommended for all students, is required o f all students w ho participate in intercollegiate athletic activities. This coverage costs $6.00 per year (12 months) for women and $ 1 2 .0 0 for men. A combined accident and sickness policy is also available at an annual cost o f $ 1 8 .0 0 for women and $ 2 2 .0 0 fo r men. Application forms are mailed to each student during the summer. 32 Clothier Memorial Sprout Observatory Student Aid and Scholarships The college furnishes scholarships and financial assistance to a substan­ tial number o f students from its general funds and from special endow­ ments. About fifty scholarships are awarded to freshmen each year. During the current academic year the college has budgeted more than $100,000 for scholarships. About one-quarter o f that sum is provided by the en­ dowed scholarships listed below. The income from many o f these endow­ ments is assigned each year to entering freshmen in accordance with the will o f the donor and in his name. W here satisfactory records have been maintained these awards are normally renewed annually from the general funds o f the College. Seniors who have had substantial aid may in some cases be asked to finance themselves in part from a College loan fund. All awards are based upon the college record, the financial need o f the family as revealed in confidential statements to the Scholarship Committee, and the efforts o f the student in earning his ow n expenses. A ll applica­ tions for scholarships are handled by the Committee on Admissions and Scholarships and should be addressed to the Deans. G rants-in -aid, to a limited number, may be awarded to students of average scholastic standing and financial need who could not earn all they need without serious detriment to their academic work. College Employment affords opportunity to earn money by regular work at current wage rates in one o f the college offices, shops, laboratories or libraries. A student may hold a college job in addition to a scholarship or a grant-in-aid. The distribution o f jobs among those authorized to hold them is made by the Student Employment office. Residents o f the borough of Swarthmore often send requests fo r services to the college, which co­ operates in making these opportunities known to students. Last year over four hundred students secured work through this office. Many students earn from eight to ten dollars a week and still maintain an excellent scholastic standing. Scholarships for M en The G eorge F. Baker Scholarships. The George F. Baker Scholar­ ships, awarded for the first time in 1950, have been given to the college as part o f a national scholarship program. They are the g ift o f the George F. Baker Foundation and will be awarded to four freshmen men each year. The actual amount o f the scholarships, in part determined by financial need, will be a maximum o f $1,200 fo r each year o f the student’s college career. 2 33 Students will be chosen fo r these awards primarily on the basis o f achieve­ ment and promise o f leadership in business, government and the professions. O pen Scholarships for M en . Swarthmore College awards annually five four-year scholarships to men entering the freshman class. These scholarships, based on the general plan o f the Rhodes Scholarships, are given to candidates who, in the opinion o f the Committee o f Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount o f the annual award varies from $100 to $1000 according to the financial need o f the winner. The T homas B. M cCabe A chievement A ward , established by Thomas B. McCabe T 5 , provides an annual scholarship o f $1,000 open to entering freshmen men. Applicants must be residents o f Delaware or the Eastern Shore counties o f Maryland or Virginia. Selection will be based on achieve­ ments which give promise o f leadership, and emphasis will be placed on ability, character, personality, and service to school and community. The Scott B. Lilly Scholarship, endowed by Jacob T . Schless o f the Class o f 1914 at Swarthmore College, was offered for the first time in 1950. This scholarship is in honor o f a former distinguished Professor o f En­ gineering and, therefore, students w ho plan to major in engineering will be given preference. The stipend will be a maximum o f $900 a year for four years; the exact amount o f the award will be determined by the financial needs o f the winning applicant. T he D onald R enwick Ferguson Scholarship, established by Mrs. Am y Baker Ferguson, in memory o f her husband, Donald Renwick Ferguson, M .D ., o f the Class o f 1912, who died during the Second W orld W ar, is awarded to a young man w ho is looking forward to the study o f medicine. The scholarship will pay a maximum o f $600. The A aron B. Ivins Scholarship is awarded annually to a young man o f the graduating class o f Friends Central School, Overbrook, Philadelphia. It is awarded under the follow ing conditions: The recipient must have been a student at Friends Central fo r at least two years, he must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around student in his class de­ sirous o f entering Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty o f Friends Central School, and subject to the approval o f Swarth­ more College, has a maximum value o f $650. T he H oward Cooper Johnson Scholarship, established by Howard Cooper Johnson ’96, provides approximately $500 a year. It is awarded on the basis o f all-around achievement to a male undergraduate who is a mem­ ber o f the Society o f Friends. The T . H . D udley P erkins M emorial Scholarship is awarded annually to a young man selected by a committee o f the faculty appointed by the 34 President o f the college fo r the purpose. The award having a maximum value o f $500 w ill be made on the basis o f qualities o f manhood, force o f character and leadership; literary and scholastic ability; physical vigor as shown by participation in out-of-doors sports or in other ways. The W illiam G . and M ary N . Serrill H onors Scholarship is a competitive Scholarship fo r M en, awarded to a candidate fo r admission to the college, based upon the general plan o f the Rhodes Scholarships. It is tenable for four years, subject to the maintenance o f a high standing in college. The annual stipend is $375. Preference w ill be givn to men who are residents o f Abington Township, including Jenkintown and Glenside, Montgomery County, Pa., but if there is no outstanding candidate from this locality, the scholarship will be open to competition generally. The Sarah K aighn Cooper Scholarship, founded by Sallie K . Johnson in memory o f her grandparents, Sarah Kaighn and Sarah Cooper, is awarded to a man in the Junior Class who is judged by the faculty to have had, since entering College, the best record for scholarship, character, and influence. The value o f this scholarship is approximately $225 annually. Scholarships for W omen O pen Scholarships for W o m en . M r. and Mrs. Daniel S. W hite, o f the Class o f 1875, on the occasion o f the Fiftieth Reunion o f that class, established three open competitive scholarships for women, in the names o f Howard W hite, Jr., Serena B. W hite, and W alter W . Green. These scholarships are given to candidates who, in the opinion o f the Committee o f Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount o f the award varying from $100 to $1000 is determined in the same way as the scholarships fo r men. The A lumnae Scholarship, established by the Philadelphia and New York Alumnae Clubs, is awarded on the same basis as the Open Scholarships. It is awarded for one year and has a maximum value o f $500. The A nnie Shoemaker Scholarship is granted annually to a young woman o f the graduating class o f Friends Central School, Overbrook, Phila­ delphia. T he recipient must have been a student at Friends Central fo r at least two years, she must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around student in her class desirous o f entering Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty o f Friends Central School, and subject to the approval o f Swarthmore College, has a maximum value o f $500. The G eorge K . and Sallie K . Johnson Fund provides $450 a year, to be used, at the discretion o f the President o f the College, in granting 35 financial aid to young women during their senior year, it being the donor’s desire that the President must be satisfied that the applicant is fitted to become a desirable teacher. T he M ary Coates P reston Scholarship Fund . A sum o f money has been left by w ill o f Elizabeth Coates, the annual interest o f which w ill be about $450. This amount is given as a scholarship to a young woman student in Swarthmore College, preferably to a relative o f the donor. The H arriet W . Paiste Fund is limited by the follow ing words from the donor’s w ill: "the interests to be applied annually to the education o f female members o f our Society o f Friends (holding their Yearly Meeting at Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia) whose limited means would ex­ clude them from enjoying the advantages o f an education at the college.” The value o f this scholarship is approximately $350 annually. T he M ary T . Longstreth Scholarship was founded by Rebecca C. Longstreth in memory o f her mother and is to be awarded annually "at the discretion o f the President o f the College to assist a young woman student to pursue her studies in the College.” The value o f this scholarship is approximately $225 annually. The Jessie Stevenson K ovalenko Scholarship Fund , the g ift o f M ichel Kovalenko in memory o f his wife, provides an annual income o f $225. This sum is to be awarded to a student, preferably a woman, who is in her junior or senior year and who is a major in astronomy, or to a graduate o f the college, preferably a woman, fo r graduate work in astronomy at Swarthmore or elsewhere. T he income o f the K appa A lpha T heta Scholarship F und , given by members and friends o f the Kappa Alpha Theta Fraternity at Swarthmore, is awarded annually to a woman student. The award amounts to approx­ imately $125 annually. One or more members o f the fraternity who are on the Board o f Managers serve on the Committee o f Award. The M ary W ood Fund provides approximately $65 a year and may be awarded to a young woman who is preparing to become a teacher. Scholarships O pen to M en and W omen The M arshall P. Sullivan Scholarship Fund , established by Creth and Sullivan, Inc. in memory o f Marshall P. Sullivan o f the Class o f 1897, provides $1,000 annually fo r one or more scholarships. Preference w ill be given to graduates o f George School, but if no suitable candidate applies from this school, graduates o f other Friends schools or other persons w ill be eligible. 36 The Edward C larkson W ilson Scholarship. A scholarship with an annual value o f $625 has been established at Swarthmore by friends o f Edward Clarkson W ilson, ’91, formerly Principal o f the Baltimore Friends School. It w ill be awarded each year to a form er student o f the Baltimore Friends School, who has been approved by the faculty o f the school, on the basis o f high character and high standing in scholarship. In any year when there is n o outstanding candidate from the students o f the Baltimore Friends School, the scholarship may be awarded to another young man or woman who shall meet the required standards and who is approved by the school faculty and the college. T he C lass of 1915 Scholarship F und was established on the occasion o f the Twenty-fifth Reunion o f the Class and provides an income o f ap­ proximately $550. This sum is to be awarded either to freshmen or other students, with preference given to descendants o f the members o f the Class o f 1915. The Business Manager, the Deans, and members o f the Class o f 1915 designated by Thomas B. McCabe shall constitute the Committee o f Award. This Fund will become a part o f the General Endowment o f the College on Alumni Day, 1970. The D aniel U nderhill Scholarship, given by Daniel Underhill '94, in memory o f his grandfather, Daniel Underhill, member o f the first Board o f Managers, provides $500 annually fo r a deserving student in need o f financial aid. The Rachel W . H illborn Scholarship was founded by Anne H illborn Philips o f the Class o f 1892 in memory o f her mother, with the stipulation that the income shall g o to a student in the junior or senior class who is studying fo r service in the international field. Preference will be given to a Friend or to one who intends to contribute to world under­ standing through diplomatic service, participation in some international government agency, the American Friends Service Committee, or similar activities. The annual income amounts to approximately $450. The Jonathan K . T aylor Scholarship, in accordance with the donor’s will, is awarded by the Board o f Trustees o f the Baltimore M onthly Meet­ ing o f Friends. This scholarship is first open to descendants o f the late Jonathan K . Taylor. Then, while preference is to be given to members o f the Baltimore Yearly M eeting o f Friends, it is not to be confined to them when suitable persons in membership cannot be found. The value o f this scholarship is approximately $450 annually. The Phebe A n n a T horne Fund provides an income o f approximately $2250 fo r scholarships fo r students needing pecuniary assistance whose previous work has demonstrated their earnestness and their ability. This gift includes a clause o f preference to those students w ho are members o f 37 the N ew Y ork M onthly Meeting o f Friends. These scholarships are awarded by the college under the regulations fixed by the board. The W estbury Q uarterly M eeting, N . Y ., Scholarship, amounting to $250, is awarded annually by a committee o f that Quarterly Meeting. The James E. M iller Scholarship . Under the will o f Arabella M . Miller, who died Sixth M onth 24th, 1922, the sum o f $5,986 was awarded to the Cambridge Trust Company, Trustee under the will o f James E. Miller, to be applied to scholarships in Swarthmore College. A n annual income o f approximately $200 is available and may be applied toward the payment o f board and tuition o f students o f Delaware County (preference to be given to residents o f Nether Providence Township) to be selected by Swarthmore College and approved by the Trustee. The Chi O mega Scholarship was established by members and friends o f the Chi Omega Fraternity. The income provides an award o f approx­ imately $225 annually to a member o f the freshman class who is in definite need o f financial aid. Preference is given to daughters or sons o f members o f the fraternity, but if in any year such a candidate does not apply, the committee will select a freshman woman to receive the award. Applications should be sent to the Office o f the Deans before January 1st o f the year in which the award is to be made. A member designated by the Fraternity serves on the Committee o f Award. T he Presser M usic Scholarships, given by the Presser Foundation o f Philadelphia, makes available one or more scholarships annually, amounting to $250 each, for those students whose special interests are in the field o f music. The income from each o f the follow ing funds is awarded at the discretion o f the college to students needing pecuniary aid: The Barclay G. A tkinson Scholarship Fund . The R ebecca M . A tkinson Scholarship Fund . The W illiam D orsey Scholarship Fund . The G eorge Ellsler Scholarship Fund . The Joseph E. G illingham Fund . The T homas L. L eedom Scholarship Fund . T he Sarah E. Lippincott Scholarship Fund . The M ark E. R eeves Scholarship Fund . The H elen Squier Scholarship F und . The M ary Sproul Scholarship Fund . The Joseph T. Sullivan Scholarship Fund . The D eborah F. W harton Scholarship Fund . The T homas W oodnutt Scholarship F und . 38 The Samuel W illets Fund yields an income o f approximately $4,300 annually, "to be applied to educate in part or in whole such poor and deserv­ ing children as the Committee on Trusts, Endowments and Scholarships o f said college may from time to time judge and determine to be entitled thereto.” In addition to the above fund, Samuel W illets gave scholarships in the name o f his children, Frederick W illets, Edward W illets, W alter W illets, and C aroline W . Frame . These scholarships have the value o f $225 each. They are awarded by the respective parties, their heirs or as­ signs, or in the event that the heirs do not exercise their right, by the col­ lege authorities. The I. V . W illiamson Scholarships. Ten scholarships o f the value o f $150 each are offered to graduates o f designated Friends schools: two each to graduates o f Friends Central and George School, one in the boys’ and one in the girls’ department; and one each to N ew Y ork Friends Seminary, Baltimore Friends School, W ilm ington Friends School, Moorestown Friends School, Friends Academy at Locust Valley, Sidwell Friends School and Brooklyn Friends School. Any income not utilized in accord­ ance with these conditions is used for free scholarships in accordance with the will o f the donor. Friends College Scholarships. Swarthmore College, with a group o f other Friends Colleges, has established scholarships to enable students from the smaller Friends Collegs to spend a year at one o f the three cooper­ ating colleges in the Philadelphia areai Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore. These scholarships will be granted in varying amounts ac­ cording to need and ability. Special L oan Funds Several loan funds are administered by a commitee to which application should be made through the Business Manager o f the college. T h e Class of 1913 Loan Fund was established by the Class o f 1913 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, the loans to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent. T h e C la ss o f 19 1 6 L o an F u n d was established by the Class o f 1916 at their twenty-fifth reunion. The fund is designed to provide loans to senior students, preferably descendants o f members o f the Class o f 1916, or to other students at the discretion o f the administering committee. The loans are repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate o f four percent. 39 The Jo h n A . M i l l e r L o a n F u n d was established by the Class o f 1 9 1 2 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund fo r students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, such loans to be repay­ able within five years with interest at four percent. The Paul M . Pearson Lo an F und was established by a number o f Dr. Pearson’s friends as a memorial fo r perpetuating his life and spirit. Both principal and income may be used fo r loans to students, repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate o f four percent. The Swarthmore C ollege Student L oan F und was established by Mr. Clarence J. Gamble, who, feeling such a fund to be o f unusual benefit to worthy students, gave a sum to the college on condition that the Board should set aside an equal amount to be added to the fund. Both principal and income may be used fo r loans to students, repayable not later than five years after graduation with interest at the rate o f four percent. T he Ellis D . W illiams Fund . By the will o f Ellis D . W illiams, a legacy o f $25,000 was left to the college, the income from which is to be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after gradua­ tion, with interest at the rate o f four percent. 40 Educational Resources The primary educational resources o f any college are the quality o f its faculty and the spirit o f the institution. Second to these are the physical facilities, in particular the libraries, laboratories and equipment. Laboratories, well equipped fo r undergraduate instruction and in some cases for research, exist in physics, chemistry, zoology, botany, psychology, astronomy, and in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering. The Sproul Observatory, with its 24-inch visual refracting telescope, is the center o f much fundamental research in multiple star systems. The Edward Martin Biological Laboratory provides exceptional facilities fo r work in psychology, zoology, botany and pre-medical studies. Recent additions to Beardsley Hall increase the facilities for laboratory instruction and research in engineering. The Swarthmore College Library, in part the gift o f Andrew Car­ negie, contains reading rooms, offices and a collection o f 163,707 volumes. Some 4500 volumes are added annually. About 600 periodicals are re­ ceived regularly. The general collection, including all but the scientific and technical books and journals, is housed in the library building, situated on the front campus. A n addition providing storeroom fo r 150,000 volumes was erected in 1935. The library is definitely a collection o f books and journals for undergraduate use. The demands o f ’ honors work, however, make necessary the provision o f large quantities o f source material not usually found in collections maintained for undergraduates. It is a point o f library policy to try to supply, either by purchase or through inter-library loan, the books needed by students or members o f the faculty fo r their individual research. In addition, the library contains certain special collections— the British Americana collection, the W ells’ W ordsworth and Thompson collections, and a collection o f the issuances o f 413 private presses. T he latest special addition is the John W illiam Graham Collection o f Literature on Psychic Science. A number o f special features enrich the academic background o f the col­ lege. A m ong these are the follow ing: The Biddle M emorial Library is an attractive fire-proof structure o f stone and steel given by Clement M . Biddle, ’96, in memory o f his father, Clement M . Biddle, w ho served fo r over twenty years as a member o f the Board o f Managers or as- an officer o f the Corporation o f the College. This Library contains two important Collections: the Friends Historical Library and the Swarthmore College Peace Collection. 41 T he F r ie n d s H isto r ic a l L ib r a r y , founded in 1 8 7 0 by Anson Lapham, is one o f the outstanding collections in the United States o f manuscripts, books, pamphlets, and pictures relating to the history o f the Society o f Friends. The library is the central depository for the records o f Friends meetings belonging to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Race Street). M ore than 1,000 record books have been deposited; many o f them have been reproduced on microfilm, fo r which a reading machine is available. The W illiam W ade Hinshaw Index to Quaker M eeting Records indexes the material o f genealogical interest in the records o f 307 meetings in various parts o f the United States. Notable among the other holdings are the Charles F. Jenkins Whittier Collection (first editions and manuscripts o f John Greenleaf W h ittier), the M ott Manuscripts (over 4 0 0 autograph letters o f Lucretia Mott, antislavery and women’s rights leader), and the Hicks Manuscripts (m ore than 3 0 0 letters o f Elias Hicks, a famous Quaker minister). The Library’s collection o f books and pamphlets by and about Friends numbers approximately 20,000 volumes. Ninety Quaker periodicals are currently received. There is also an extensive collection o f photographs o f meeting houses and pictures o f representative Frieiids. It is hoped that Friends and others will consider the advantages o f giving to this Library any books and family papers which may throw light on the history o f the Society o f Friends. The Swarthmore College P eace C ollection , a section o f the Friends Historical Library, is o f special interest to research students and others seeking the records o f the Peace Movement. Beginning with Jane Addams’ personal papers and books relating to peace, the collection contains a rich variety o f the documents o f early peace groups as far back as the first peace committees in England and the United States about 1815, as well as rare peace posters from many lands, and correspondence and writings o f peace and arbitration leaders. Individual writings on peace date back to about 1642. T he collection includes some 7 5 0 titles o f magazines and bulletins devoted to peace, published in the United States and abroad during the past 120 years. There are about 160 titles o f bulletins and magazines currently received in eleven languages from 25 countries. This collection is the official depository fo r the leading peace organizations in the United States. A more complete description o f the collection will be found in the Guide to the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, A Memorial to fane Addams, published by the College and available on request. The W illiam J. C ooper Foundation provides a varied program o f lectures and concerts which enriches the academic work o f the college. The Foundation was established by W illiam J. Cooper, a devoted friend o f the college, whose wife, Emma M cllvain Cooper, served as a member o f the Board o f Managers from 1882 to 1923. M r. Cooper bequeathed to the college the sum o f $100,000 and provided that the income should be used 42 "in bringing to the college from time to time eminent citizens o f this and other countries who are leaders in statesmanship, education, the arts, sciences, learned professions and business, in order that the faculty, students and the college community may be broadened by a closer acquaintance with matters o f world interest.” Admission to all programs is without charge. The Cooper Foundation Committee works with the departments and with student organizations in arranging single lectures and concerts, and also in bringing to the college speakers o f note who remain in residence fo r a long enough period to enter into the life o f the community. Some o f these speakers have been invited with the understanding that their lectures should be published under the auspices o f the Foundation. This arrangement has so far produced eight volumes: Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop. The Essentials of Democracy. University o f Pennsylvania Press, 1929. Philadelphia, Lowes, John Livingston. Geoffrey Chaucer and the Development of His Genius. N ew York, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934. W eyl, Hermann. Mind and Nature. sylvania Press, 1934. Philadelphia, University o f Penn­ America’s Recovery Program, by A . A . Berle, Jr., John Dickinson, A . Heath Onthank . . . and others . . . London, N ew York, etc., O xford Uni­ versity Press, 1934. Madariaga, Salvador de. Theory and Practice in International Relations. Philadelphia, University o f Pennsylvania Press, 1937. Streit, Clarence Kirshman. Union N ow ; a Proposal for a Federal Union of the Democracies of the North Atlantic. N ew York, Harper, 1939. Krogh, August. The Comparative Physiology of Respiratory Mechanisms. Philadelphia, University o f Pennsylvania Press, 1941. W ilcox, Clair, Editor. Civil Liberties under Attack. A series o f lectures given in 1950-51. Philadelphia, University o f Pennsylvania Press, 1951. The A rthur H oyt Scott H orticultural Foundation . T wo hun­ dred and forty-seven acres are contained in the College property, including a large tract o f woodland and the valley o f Crum Creek. M uch o f this tract has been developed as an horticultural and botanical collection o f trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants through the provisions o f the Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, established in 1929 by Mrs. Arthur H oyt Scott and Owen and Margaret M oon as a memorial to Arthur H oyt Scott o f the Class o f 1895. The plant collections are designed both to afford examples o f the better kinds o f trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants which are hardy in the climate o f Eastern Pennsylvania and suitable fo r planting by the average gardener, and to beautify the campus. There are exceptionally fine 43 displays o f Japanese cherries, flowering crab apples and tree peonies, and a great variety o f lilacs, rhododendrons, azaleas, daffodils, iris, herbaceous peonies, hemerocallis and chrysanthemums. Many donors have contributed generously to the collections. (F or full information see Bulletin of Swarthmore College, V ol. xxxvii, N o. 5 .) The Bronson M . C utting M emorial Collection of R ecorded M usic was established at Swarthmore College in 1936 by a gift o f approx­ imately four thousand phonograph records, a radio-phonograph, books and musical scores, from the family o f Bronson Murray Cutting, late Senator from N ew M exico. Its object is to make the best recorded music available to the undergraduates, faculty, and friends o f Swarthmore College, in co­ operation with the work o f the college Department o f Music. The collec­ tion is kept up to date with current additions. The B enjam in W est Society, an organization o f alumni, members o f the faculty and friends o f the college, is building up a collection o f paint­ ings, drawings, and etchings, which are exhibited as space permits in vari­ ous college buildings. The Society owes its name to the American artist o f the eighteenth century who was born in a house which still stands on the Swarthmore campus, and who became President o f the Royal Academy. 44 College L ife H ousing Swarthmore is primarily a residential college, conducted on the assumption that an important element in education comes from close association o f students and instructors. M ost students live in dormitories. Many mem­ bers o f the faculty live on or near the campus. Residence H dls There are four dormitories fo r men: Wharton Hall, named in honor o f its donor, Joseph Wharton, at one time President o f the Board o f M an­ agers, and three buildings on the former Mary Lyon School property. The women’s dormitories include the upper floors in the wings o f Parrish H all; W orth Hall, the g ift o f W illiam P. W orth, 1876, and J. Sharpless W orth, ex-1873, as a memorial to their parents; W oolm an H ouse; Palmer, Pittenger and Roberts Halls on South Chester Road. A ll freshmen are assigned to rooms by the Deans. Other students choose their rooms in an order determined by lot. Special permission must be ob­ tained to room outside the dormitories. Students may ocoip y college rooms during vacations only by special ar­ rangements with the Deans and payment o f the required fee. Freshmen are asked to leave college immediately after their last examinations in the spring so that their rooms may be used by Commencement visitors. Dining Rooms A ll students, both men and women, have their meals in two adjoining College Dining Rooms in Parrish Hall. The dining rooms are closed during all vacations. R eligious Life The religious life o f the college is founded on the Quaker principle that the seat o f spiritual authority lies in the Inner Light o f each individual. The Society o f Friends is committed to the belief that religion is best ex­ pressed in the quality o f everyday living. There are accordingly no com­ pulsory religious exercises, save in so far as the brief devotional element in Collection may be so considered. Students are encouraged to attend the churches o f their choice. Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Christian Science churches are located in the borough o f Swarthmore; Catholic and other churches in the nearby towns o f Morton, Media, and Chester. The Swarthmore Meeting House is located on the campus. Students are cordi­ ally invited to attend its meeting fo r worship on Sunday. Extra-curricular 45 groups with faculty cooperation exist fo r the study o f the Bible and the exploration o f comm on concerns in religion. A n assembly o f the college, called Collection, is held at 10: 00 a. m. every Thursday in Clothier M em orial; attendance o f students is required. There is regularly a period o f silence according to the Friendly tradition and, when these are in keeping with the remainder o f the program, the singing o f hymns and a reading from the Bible. Lasting from one-half to threequarters o f an hour, Collection normally includes an address; but this is varied by the occasional introduction o f musical, dramatic, and other pro­ grams. Student W elfare Health The college physician holds daily office hours at the college, where stu­ dents may consult him without charge. A student must report any illness to the college physician, but is free to g o fo r treatment to another doctor if he prefers to do so. A t the time o f admission each student must present a brief medical his­ tory and health certificate, prepared by the family physician on a form supplied by the college. Pertinent information about such matters as physical reserve, unusual medical episodes, severe allergies, or psychiatric disturbances will be especially valuable to the college Health Service. A ll new students must have been successfully vaccinated against smallpox within five years, in accordance with Pennsylvania State law. The college physician gives physical examinations to all students at the beginning o f each year. There is close cooperation with the Department o f Physical Education. Recommendations fo r limited activity are made for those students with physical handicaps. In some cases a student may be excused entirely from the requirements o f the Physical Education Depart­ ment. The college health program includes an annual chest x-ray which is com­ pulsory for all students. Should the student fail to meet his x-ray appoint­ ment, he is required to have one taken at his own expense. There are two infirmaries, one fqr men and one fo r women. T he in­ firmary for men is in Section F o f W harton H a ll; the women’s infirmary is at the east end o f Parrish Hall. A registered nurse is in charge o f each, under the direction o f the college physician. Each student is allowed ten days care in the infirmaries per term without charge unless the services o f a special nurse are required. A fter ten days, a charge o f $2.00 per day is made. Students suffering from a communicable disease or from illness which makes it necessary for them to remain in bed, 46 must stay in the infirmary for the period o f their illness. A charge is made for special or expensive medicines and certain immunization procedures, but ordinary medicines are furnished without cost. The medical and infirmary facilities o f the college are available to students injured in athletic activities or otherwise, but the college cannot assume ad­ ditional financial responsibility for medical and surgical expenses arising from accidents. Accident insurance coverage is, therefore, required for all students participating in athletics and is recommended for all others. (For details see p. 32.) The college psychiatric consultants hold office hours by appointment each week. A student may have from one to three interviews, fo r which a fee o f five dollars is charged by the college. The purpose o f this service is to be o f help to all types o f emotional problems. Vocational Advising The college provides vocational information and advice to assist students in their choice o f a career. Conferences and field trips are planned periodi­ cally and interviews are arranged with prospective employers. H elp is offered to students in finding employment. In addition, summer work is planned to give students job experience in various fields. Alumni Office The Alumni Office keeps records o f the addresses o f all living graduates and alumni o f the college. It helps edit the Swarthmore alumni magazine, and acts as liaison for the college with all alumni and alumni groups, inter­ preting to them the present plans and policies o f the college. Publicity Office The Publicity Office does a tw o-fold job. It helps prepare the several pub­ lications put out by the college known as Swarthmore College Bulletins. These include the alumni magazine, the President’s Report, the Catalogue, the Student Handbook, the Viewbook, and other miscellaneous issues. In addition to this, the Publicity Office, through the largely student operated News Bureau, works with the press and other communications media in pub­ licizing news that is o f interest to the general public. Student Advising The Deans and their assistants hold the primary responsibility for advising all students. However, there are many other advisers available to each student. Each freshman is assigned to a faculty member who acts as his course adviser until this responsibility falls to the chairman o f the student’s major department at the end o f his sophomore year. Faculty members have also 47 been appointed as advisers for each o f the men’s varsity athletic teams. They work closely with the team, attending practice as well as all home and away games. A number o f junior and senior students, selected with the approval o f the faculty, serve as assistants to the faculty course advisers in helping freshmen with their adjustment to the academic program. Members o f the senior honorary societies, Book and Key and Mortar Board, help the Deans with the placement program conducted during fresh­ man week. A group o f upperclass women, under the direction o f the W om en ’s Student Government Association, serve as counselors fo r all freshman women, several counselors being assigned to each freshman hall. There are also proctors in each o f the men’s dormitory sections. A marriage course is given each year under the direction o f the Marriage Council o f Philadelphia. This course may be attended by juniors and seniors, and students may seek advice from a member o f the marriage Coun­ cil staff at any time. A non-credit course analyzing the development o f emotional maturity is also given by the 'college psychiatric consultant, Dr. Leon Saul, to a limited number o f students. Special problems may be referred by the Deans to the college physician or to the consulting psychiatrists. T he Student Comm unity Student Conduct In general the association o f men and women in academic work and social life is to be governed by g ood taste and accepted practice rather than by elaborate rules. The Society o f Friends has historically been conservative in social matters, and its influence within the college community is one o f the important factors in making Swarthmore what it is. Certain rules, however, are o f sufficient importance to deserve attention here: 1. The possession and use o f liquor on the campus is forbidden, as is drunken conduct. 2. N o undergraduate may maintain an automobile while enrolled at the college without the permission o f the Deans. This rule prohibits equally the maintenance o f an automobile owned by students and those owned by other persons but placed in the custody or control o f students. Day students may, with the permission o f the Deans, use cars in commuting to college. 3. It is college policy to discourage premature marriages by ruling that if two undergraduates marry, only one may remain in college. Some exceptions have been provided in the case o f veterans, and information about them may be obtained from the Office o f the Deans. 48 College rules which affect the entire college community are discussed and formulated by the Student Affairs Committee, which is composed o f mem­ bers o f the college administration, faculty, and student body. This com ­ mittee delegates to student government agencies as much authority in the administration o f rules as they responsibly accept. Student Council The semi-annually elected Student Council represents the entire under­ graduate community and is the chief body o f student government. Its efforts are directed toward the coordination o f student activities and the expression o f student opinion in matters o f college policy. Committees o f the Council include the Budget Committee, which regulates distribution o f funds to student groups ; the Community Service Committee, which administers welfare projects; and the Elections Committee, which supervises procedure in campus elections. The Curriculum Committee co­ operates with a similar committee o f the faculty in the discussion o f matters relating to the academic program o f the college. In addition to these, there are several joint Faculty-Student Committees, whose student membership is appointed by the Council: Collection, Cooper Foundation, M otion Pic­ tures, M en’s Athletics and Student Affairs. Men’s Student Government The men students o f the college are represented by the M en’s Executive Committee, a group elected to take responsibility fo r specified problems which have to do primarily with dormitory life. The M en’s Judiciary Committee, selected by the M en’s Executive Committee, has jurisdiction over cases where male undergraduates have violated college rules in the dormi­ tories or on the campus, with the exception o f the fraternity lodges. The fraternities have established a Fraternity Judiciary Committee to enforce col­ lege rules as they pertain to fraternities and fraternity lodges. Women’s Student Government A ll women students are members o f the W om en’s Student Government Association, headed by an Executive Committee elected to promote a great variety o f women’s interests. This committee includes the chairmen o f certain important committees: Conduct, which maintains social regulations; Personnel, which has a special concern fo r helping freshmen; Social (see below ) ; Vocational, which assists the wom en’s Vocational Director ; Somer­ ville, which arranges the program for Somerville Day, on which alumnae are invited to return to the College, and fosters student-alumnae rela­ tionships. 49 Social Committee A n extensive program o f social activities is managed by the Social Com­ mittee, under the direction o f two elected co-chairmen, a man and a woman. The program is designed to appeal to a wide variety o f interests, and is open to all students. A t no time is there any charge fo r college social functions. Extra-Curricular Activities In addition to the foregoing organizations, Swarthmore students have an opportunity to participate in a program o f extra-curricular activities wide enough to meet every kind o f interest. N o credit is given for work in such varied fields as sculpture, play-writing, publishing the college news­ paper or playing the cello in the orchestra. However, the college encourages a student to participate in whatever activity best fits his personal talents and inclinations, believing that satisfactory avocations are a necessary part o f life for the well-rounded individual. It has provided instruction or advisers wherever there has been sufficient demand. A handbook describing all activities, written by the students themselves, can be had upon request to the Deans’ Office. 50 The E d u c a t io n a l Program of SWARTHMORE COLLEGE General Statement Swarthmore College offers the degree o f Bachelor o f Arts and the degree o f Bachelor o f Science. The latter is given only in the Division o f Engineer­ in g; the former, in the Divisions o f the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.* Eight semesters o f resident study, which are normally completed in four years, lead to a Bachelor’s degree. The selection o f a program will depend upon the student’s interests and vocational plans. Programs in engineering, pre-medical courses, and chemistry, for example, are the necessary preparation fo r professional work in these fields. Student^ planning a career in law, business, or government service find majors in the social sciences o f great value. The purpose o f a liberal education, however, is not primarily to provide vocational instruction, even though it provides the best foundation for one’s future vocation. Its purpose is to help students fulfill their responsibilities as citizens and grow into cultivated and well rounded individuals. A liberal education is concerned with our cultural inheritance, the world o f thought, and the development o f aesthetic, moral, and spiritual values. It is necessary fo r most students to concern themselves with the problem o f making a living. But this concern should not lead them to a specializa­ tion that is too early and too narrow. They still have need o f broadening the scope o f their experience. Particular skills may afford readier access to routine employment, but positions o f greater responsibility will be occupied by those who are equipped to think their way through new problems and to conceive o f their functions in a larger context o f time and place. Liberal education and vocational training may be the joint products o f a common process, and the courses here offered should be selected with this large purpose. For this reason, all students, during the first half o f their college program are expected to complete the general college requirements, to choose their major and minor subjects, and to prepare for advanced work in these sub­ jects by taking certain prerequisites. Five fu ll courses or their equivalent in half courses constitute the normal program for each o f the first two years. Each course represents from eight to twelve hours o f work a week including class meetings, laboratory periods and individual preparation. The program fo r upper class students affords a choice between two meth­ ods o f study: Honors W ork, leading to a degree with Honors, and General Courses. A n honors student concentrates on three related subjects which he studies by the seminar method. A t the end o f his senior year he must take a * For groupings of departments, see page 17. 52 battery o f eight examinations on the work o f his seminars, set by outside examiners. (T h e system will be explained more fully below .) A student in general courses has a somewhat wider freedom o f election and takes fou r fu ll courses or their equivalent in each o f the last two years. A t the end o f his senior year he is required to pass a comprehensive examination given by his major department. The program for engineering students follow s a similar basic plan, with certain variations which are explained on page 89. Courses outside the technical fields are spread over all four years. In addition to scholastic requirements fo r graduation, all students must meet certain standards o f participation in Physical Education as set forth in the statement o f those departments (see pp. 131 to 133) and must attend the Collection exercises o f the college (see p. 4 6 ). The course advisers o f freshmen and sophomores are members o f the faculty appointed by the Deans. They are assisted by- a number o f student advisers. For juniors and seniors the advisers are the chairmen o f their major departments or their representatives. Program for Freshmen and Sophomores The curriculum for the first two years is designed primarily to contribute to a student’s general education by giving him an introduction to the methods o f thinking and the content o f knowledge in a variety o f fields important to a liberal education. 1. The traditional humanistic studies— those studies through which man learns to understand himself and his relationship to his fellows as indi­ viduals, and the enduring values in human experience. 2. The social sciences those studies through which man learns to under­ stand the nature o f organized society, past and present, and his relationship 3. The natural sciences— those studies through which man learns to understand his physical environment, both organic and inorganic, outside o f his own individual and social being. A ll students must include in their program: 1. One year course in the natural sciences to be selected from Physics 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Astronomy 1-2, Biology 1-2. By special provisions, students may meet this requirement in 1952-53 by a course consisting o f one semester o f mathematics (Mathematics 7 ) and one semester o f astronomy (Astronomy 8 ) . 2. One year course in the social sciences, either Economics 1-2 or Political Science 1-2. 53 3. T w o semester courses in the humanities. Students majoring in the D i­ visions o f Engineering and o f Mathematics and the Natural Sciences shall select these courses from among philosophy, history, literature (English or fo re ig n ), fine arts, music and religion. Students majoring in the Divisions o f the Humanities and the Social Sciences shall select from the same subjects, but must include a semester course in literature (English or foreign) and may include any course in philosophy except Philosophy 1, which partially meets the requirement described below. 4. In addition, one year or two semester courses in departments outside the division in which the major work is to be done. Students majoring in the Humanities or the Social Sciences shall fulfill this requirement by Philosophy 1 and Psychology 1. Students majoring in the Division o f Mathematics and the Natural Sciences may offer psychology in partial or complete fulfillment o f this requirement, as well as any introductory course listed in the catalogue in the Divisions o f the Humanities and the Social Sciences. In addition to these general requirements, there are the follow in g special requirements: 5. A ll students majoring in the Humanities and the Social Sciences shall take History 1-2. 6. A ll students except those majoring in engineering must include in their program sufficient work in a modern or classical language to com­ plete course 4 or its equivalent. This may be met in whole or in part by secondary school preparation as measured by the appropriate achievement test o f the College Entrance Examination Board. N ot more than one year in any one department will be counted toward the fulfillment o f requirements 1-5. Students entering college with special preparation in any one o f these subjects may apply for exemption. In addition to the requirements listed above, prerequisites must be com­ pleted for the work o f the last two years in major and minor subjects, and sufficient additional electives must be taken to make up ten full courses. In the Divisions o f the Humanities and the Social Sciences it is strongly recom­ mended that these electives shall include: H alf courses (preferably in the first semester o f an academic year) in at least two o f the follow in g: Foreign Literature (classical or m od­ ern, either in the original or in translation), Fine Arts, Music. A fu ll course in whichever social science (Economics or Political Sci­ ence) is not taken in fulfillment o f the general requirements. A third half course in a natural science or a half course in Mathematics or courses in each o f these. 54 It is expected that, after completion o f the minimum courses in the gen­ eral program o f the first two years, the student w ill devote the remainder o f hxs sophomore year to preparing himself fo r more advanced study o f those subjects which have most interested him and to other courses which will increase the range o f his knowledge. H e should decide, as early in his sophomore year as possible, upon two or three subjects in which he might like to major and should consult the statements o f the departments concerned as to required and recommended courses and supporting subjects. In most cases he is advised to take not more than one semester o f work in any sub­ ject beyond the first course. The requirement in foreign language (either classical or m odern) is such that an exceptionally well prepared freshman may demonstrate his completion o f it before entering college by his rating in an Achievement Test given by the College Entrance Examination Board. The results o f the tests indicate, however, that most students need to devote from one to four terms to further language study. The desired standard is normally met on (he basis o f four years work in high school, or o f three or two years’ work in high school follow ed by one or two terms in college. I f a student fulfills the requirement with a language which he begins in college, he will need to study it for four terms. If he fulfills it with a language begun elsewhere, his progress toward the degree o f competence demanded is measured by a placement test. This may be one o f the achievement tests o f the College Entrance Examination Board which he has taken as a re­ quirement for admission. Additional placement tests are given when neces­ sary by the Swarthmore departments o f language. Physical education is required o f all students (except veterans) in the first two years. The requirements are stated in full on p. 61 and in the state­ ments o f the departments o f Physical Education. Program for Juniors and Seniors W ork in Course The work o f juniors and seniors in course includes some intensive, specialized study within a general area o f interest. This comprises enough work in a single department (designated as a "m ajor” ) to make an equivalent o f four full courses. W ork taken during the first tw o years may be counted toward fulfillment o f the major requirements but not more than six full courses or twelve half courses may be taken in the major field. Before graduation the student must pass a comprehensive examination in his major subject. A student must choose his major subject at the end o f the sophomore year, and apply formally through the Registrar to be accepted by the division concerned. The decision will be based on an estimate o f his ability in his 55 major subject as well as on his record. I f a student does not secure di­ visional approval, he cannot be admitted to the.junior class. A student’s course adviser during his junior and senior years is the chairman o f his major department (or a member o f the department desig­ nated by the chairman) whose approval he must secure fo r his choice o f courses each semester. In addition to major and recommended supporting subjects, juniors and seniors usually have room fo r at least one elective a year. T he completion o f eighteen fu ll courses, with a minimum average o f C, normally constitutes the course requirement fo r a degree. A student may carry extra work after the freshman year with the approval o f his course adviser and o f the Committee on Academic Requirements, provided that his record in the previous year has been satisfactory. H onors W ork Honors work is a system o f instruction designed to free from the limita­ tions o f class-room routine those students whose maturity and capacity enable them to d o independent work. Students who are chosen toward the end o f their sophomore year to read for honors are exempt from further course requirements. Instead, during their junior and senior years they study a few subjects intensively and independently. They meet their instructors weekly in small seminars lasting from three to four hours. In these meetings it is customary fo r students to present frequent papers, although the methods o f stimulating discussion vary greatly. In scientific subjects additional time is spent in the laboratory. A student in the honors program ordinarily takes two seminars each semester, making a total o f eight seminars during his last two years. Departments sometimes permit their major students to substitute for one seminar the preparation o f a thesis. If a department, supported by the division concerned, is o f the opinion that seven seminars instead o f eight, plus one fu ll course or tw o half courses, form a better educational program than the usual eight seminars, such a program will be allowed, and w ill be completed by seven examinations instead o f eight. A student whose work shows unusual distinction but who has not elected to read fo r honors at the end o f his sophomore year may be permitted to take the regular honors examination and receive the degree o f honors recom­ mended by the visiting examiners. H e must petition the division concerned for this permission before the end o f his seventh semester and must submit a list o f eight examinations which he feels prepared to take. Honors work involves a concentration o f the student’s efforts upon a limited and integrated field o f studies. H e chooses seminars in three (or 56 sometimes fou r) allied subjects, and customarily devotes at least one-half o f his time to a single department in the line o f his major interest, in which he is expected to demonstrate real achievement. Combinations o f seminars are not governed by rigid rules but must be approved by the departments and divisions in which work is taken. Combinations involving seminars from two divisions must be approved by the divisions involved. N o examinations or grades are given from semester to semester, although it is customary for honors students to take practice examinations at the end o f the junior year over the work covered thus far. These papers are read by the instructors concerned and are used as a basis fo r advice and guidance for the work o f the senior year. A t the end o f the senior year honors students take written and oral examinations given by examiners from other institutions.* The student should attain a degree o f proficiency which will enable him to meet a rigorous and searching examination. This examination is designed to test his competence in a field o f knowledge rather than his mastery o f those facts which an instructor has seen fit to present in seminar. This is one o f the chief ends for which the system o f visiting examiners has been instituted. The examiners first set a three-hour written examination on the subject o f each seminar, and after reading the written examination have an opportunity to question each student orally, in order to clarify and enlarge the basis o f their judgment o f the student’s command o f his material. Upon recommendation o f the examiners, successful candidates are awarded the bachelor’s degree with honors, with high honors, or with highest honors. Highest honors are awarded only to those who show unusual distinction. W hen the work o f a candidate does not, in the opinion o f the examiners, merit honors o f any grade, his papers are returned to his instructors, who decide, under rules o f the faculty, whether he shall be given a degree in course. Students admitted to honors work who prove unable to meet the require­ ments or w ho for other reasons return to regular classes may receive pro­ portional course credit fo r the work they have done while reading for honors. Regulations governing possible combinations o f major and minor sub­ jects in the fou r divisions appear below. Lists o f seminars offered in prep­ aration for examinations fo llo w departmental statements. Combinations of M ajors and M inors for H onors W ork Division of the Humanities M ajor and minor subjects include English Literature, Fine Arts, French, German, Greek, History, Latin, Music, Philosophy, Psychology, and Span­ ish. A t least half o f the student’s time will probably be devoted to his major subjects, the remainder being divided between tw o related subjects. * For list of examiners in June 1952, see page 148. 57 Division of the Social Sciences M ajor and minor subjects include Economics, History, Philosophy, Psy­ chology, and Political Science. Students in this division normally devote half their time to their major subject, dividing the remainder among related minor subjects according to plans approved by the division. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences M ajor subjects include Botany, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mathe­ matics, Physics, Psychology, Z o o lo g y ; related minor subjects include the subjects listed, and Astronomy and Philosophy. A t least half o f the student’s time will probably be devoted to his major subject, with the remainder divided between two other related subjects within the division. Division o f Engineering M ajor subjects fo r honors work in this division include Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering; a minor may be taken in either or both o f the engineering departments in which the student does not have his major, or in Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics or Economics. A t least one-half o f the student’s time will be devoted to his major in en­ gineering. The degree granted is the B.S. in Engineering. The final examination w ill include papers on the fundamentals o f the three professional departments o f engineering, four papers on the seminars o f the senior year, and one or tw o additional papers based upon the course which the student has taken, the number o f papers and their subjects to be determined by the faculty o f the division. Procedure for A dmission to H onors W ork A candidate fo r admission to honors should consult the chairmen o f his prospective major and minor departments during the second semester o f his sophomore year and work out a program for his junior and senior years. This proposed program must be filed in the office o f the Registrar who will forward it to the division or divisions concerned. The acceptance o f the candidate by the division depends in part upon the quality o f his previous work as indicated by the grades he has received but mainly upon his apparent capacity fo r assuming the responsibility o f honors work. The names o f accepted candidates are announced later in the spring. The major department is responsible fo r drawing up the original plan o f work, for supervising the candidate’s choice o f seminars in all departments and for keeping in touch with his progress from semester to semester. The division is responsible fo r approval o f the student’s original program and any subsequent changes in that program. Proposals for combinations of subjects or departments not provided fo r in the divisional arrangements must be approved by the divisions involved. 58 Pre-M edical Program The pre-medical student s program is planned and his work supervised by the Pre-medical Advisory Committee. There is more than one program o f courses by which a student may prepare himself fo r admission to medical school. In mapping out a program fo r each student die Committee keeps in mind (a ) the particular interests o f the student, ( b ) the entrance re­ quirements o f the medical schools o f the student’s choice, (c ) the need fo r an understanding o f basic social problems and the cultivation o f a sensitive­ ness for the enduring values in the arts and literature, and ( d ) the value o f intensive work in at least one field. Students w ho plan to meet medical school requirements will ordinarily take Biology 1-2; Chemistry 1-2, 11 and 2 5 ; English Com position; Math­ ematics 1-2; Physics 1-2; Z oology 11 and at least one other half course; a modern foreign language, preferably German, to a point equivalent to the completion o f course 4. The work o f the junior and senior years may be taken in the honors program or in course. Intensive work may be carried out in a single field or in closely related departments. Pre-medical students may fulfill the major requirements in the departments o f their own choice, usually, but not necessarily, in chemistry, mathematics, physics, or zoology; or they may fulfill the requirements by completing three fu ll courses in each o f two related departments in the division o f mathematics and the natural sciences. In the latter case the comprehensive examinations will be ar­ ranged jointly by the departments concerned. Although some students have been admitted to medical schools upon the completion o f three years o f college work, many o f the best medical schools strongly advise completion o f four years o f college. Faculty Regulations A ttendance at C lasses and Collection Members o f the faculty w ill hold students responsible fo r regular at­ tendance at classes and w ill report to the Deans the name 0f any student whose repeated absence is in their opinion impairing the student’s work. The number o f cuts allowed in a given course is not specified, a fact which places a heavy responsibility on all students to make sure that their work is not suffering as a result o f absences. Since freshmen must exercise par­ ticular care in this respect and since the faculty recognizes its greater re­ sponsibility toward freshmen in the matter o f class attendance, it is ex­ pected that freshmen, especially, will attend all their classes. W hen illness necessitates absence from classes the student should report at once to the nurses or to the college physician. 59 The last meeting before vacation and the first meeting after vacation in each course must be attended. The minimum penalty fo r violation o f this rule is probation. Absences from Collection are acted upon by the Deans as instructed by the faculty. A ll students are allowed two absences from Collection term. G rades Instructors report to the Deans’ office at intervals during the year upon the work o f students in courses. Informal reports during the semester take the form o f comments on unsatisfactory work. A t the end o f each semester formal grades are given in each course under the letter system, by which A means excellent work, B good work, C fair work, D poor work, and E failure. W signifies that the student has been permitted to withdraw from the course by the Committee on Academic Requirements. X desig­ nates a condition; this means that a student has done unsatisfactory work in the first half o f a year course, but by creditable work during the second half may earn a passing grade fo r the fu ll course and thereby remove his condition. Inc. means that a student’s work is incomplete in respect to specific assign­ ments or examinations. A ll work fo r a course must be completed before the scheduled date o f the final examination unless an excuse has been granted by the Committee on Academic Requirements. In the absence o f such an excuse, the student w h o fails to complete his work w ill receive a failing grade fo r that portion o f the work which is incomplete. I f an Inc. is received, it must normally be made up in the term immediately follow ing that in which it was incurred. A date is set at the end o f the first six weeks o f each term when make-up examinations must be taken and late papers submitted. Under special circumstances involving the use o f laboratories or attendance at courses not immediately available, a student must secure permission to extend the time for making up an incomplete until the second term follow ing. This permission must be given in writing and filed in the Office o f the Registrar. A ny not made up within a year from the time it was imposed shall be re­ corded as E, a failure which cannot be be made up. Reports are sent to parents and to students at the end o f each semester. For graduation in general courses, a C average is required; for graduation in honors work, the recommendation o f the visiting examiners. Extra or Fewer Courses A regular student is expected to take the prescribed number o f courses in each semester. I f more or fewer courses seem desirable, he should con­ sult his course adviser and file a petition with the Committee on Academic Requirements. A student who wishes to take fewer than the normal number o f courses should register for the regular program and file a petition to drop one or more courses. 60 Applications involving late entrance into a course must be received within the first two weeks o f the semester. Applications involving with­ drawal from a course must be received not later than the middle o f the semester. Examinations Any student w ho is absent from an examination, announcement o f which was made in advance, shall be given an examination at another hour only by special arrangement with the instructor in charge o f the course. N o examination in absentia shall be permitted. This rule shall be in­ terpreted to mean that instructors shall give examinations only at the college and under direct departmental supervision. Summer School W ork Students desiring to transfer credit from a summer school are required to obtain the endorsement o f the chairman o f the department concerned before entering upon the work, and after completing the work are required to pass an examination set by the Swarthmore department. P hysical Education Physical education is required o f all women and non-veteran men in the freshman and sophomore years, unless an excuse is granted by the college physician. A minimum o f three periods per week shall be required. I f any semester’s work o f the first two years is failed, it shall be repeated in the junior year. N o student shall be permitted to enter his senior year with a deficiency in physical education. Exclusion from College The college reserves the right to exclude at any time students whose con­ duct or academic standing it regards as undesirable, and without assigning any further reason therefor; in such cases fees will not be refunded or remitted, in whole or in part, and neither the college nor any o f its officers shall be under any liability whatsoever fo r such exclusion. 61 Requirem ents for Graduation Bachelor of A rts and Bachelor of Science The degree o f Bachelor o f Arts and Bachelor o f Science are conferred upon students who have met the follow in g requirements for graduation: 1- The candidate must have completed eighteen full courses or ten courses and eight seminars with an average grade o f C. 2. H e must have complied with the course requirements for the first two years. 3. H e must have met the requirements in the major and supporting fields during the last two years. 4. H e must have passed satisfactorily the comprehensive examinations in his major field or met the standards set by visiting examiners fo r a degree with honors. 5. H e must have completed four terms o f study at Swarthmore College, two o f which have been those o f the senior year. 6. H e must have completed the physical education requirements set forth on page 61 and in the statements o f the Physical Education Departments. 7. H e must have attended the Collection exercises o f the College in accord­ ance with the regulations (see page 4 6 ). 8. H e must have paid all oustanding bills and returned all equipment and library books. A dvanced D egrees M aster of A rts and M aster of Science The degree o f Master o f Arts or Master o f Science may be conferred subject to the follow in g requirements: Only students w ho have completed the work for the Bachelor’s degree with some distinction, either at Swarthmore or at another institution o f satisfactory standing, shall be admitted as candidates fo r the Master’s degree at Swarthmore. The candidate’s record and a detailed program setting forth the aim o f the work to be pursued shall be submitted, with a recommendation from the department or departments concerned, to the Committee on the Master’s Degree. I f accepted by the Committee, the candidate’s name shall be re­ ported to the faculty at or before the first faculty meeting o f the year in which the candidate is to begin his work. 62 The requirements for the Master's degree shall include the equivalent o f a fu ll year’s work o f graduate character. This work may be done in courses, seminars, reading courses, regular conferences with members o f the faculty, or research. The work may be done in one department or in two related departments. The catalogue statements o f departments which offer graduate work indicate the courses or seminars which may be taken for this purpose. A candidate for the Master’s degree shall be required to pass an examina­ tion conducted by the department or departments in which his work was done. H e shall be examined by outside examiners, provided that, where this procedure is not practicable, exceptions may be made by the Committee on the Master’s Degree. The department or departments concerned, on the basis o f the reports o f the outside examiners, together with the reports o f the student’s resident instructors, shall make recommendations to the faculty for the award o f the degree. A t the option o f the department or departments concerned, a thesis may be required as part o f the work for the degree. A candidate for the Master’s degree w ill be expected to show before ad­ mission to candidacy a competence in those languages deemed by his depart­ ment or departments most essential for his field o f research. Detailed language requirements will be indicated in the announcements o f departments which admit candidates fo r the degree. The tuition fee for graduate students who are candidates for the Master’s degree is $600 per year, and the general fee for these students is $25 per semester. A dvanced Engineering D egrees The advanced degrees o f Mechanical Engineer (M .E .), Electrical Engineer (E .E .), and Civil Engineer (C .E .), may be obtained by graduates who have received their Bachelor’s degree in Engineering upon fulfilling the requirements given below: 1. The candidate must have been engaged in engineering work fo r five years since receiving his first degree. 2. H e must have had charge o f engineering work and must be in a position o f responsibility and trust at the time o f application. 3. H e must make application and submit an outline o f the thesis he ex­ pects to present, one full year before the advanced degree is to be conferred. 4. The thesis must be submitted for approval one calendar month before the time o f granting the degree. 5. Every candidate shall pay a registration fee o f $5 and an additional fee o f $20 when the degree is conferred. 63 Awards and Frizes The Ivy A ward Fund was created by a. gift from Owen M oon, ’94. The income o f the fund is placed in the hands o f the faculty for award on Com­ mencement Day to a male member o f the graduating class. The qualifi­ cations for the Ivy Award are similar to those fo r the Rhodes Scholarships and include (a) qualities o f manhood, force o f character, and leadership; (b ) literary and scholastic ability and attainments. These have been phrased by the flonor in the words "leadership based upon character and scholarship.” The O a k Leaf A ward was established by David Dwight Rowlands o f the Class o f 1909. It was later permanently endowed in memory o f him by Hazel C. Rowlands, ’07, and Caroline A . Lukens, ’98. The award is made by the faculty each year to the woman member o f the Senior Class w ho is outstanding fo r loyalty, scholarship and service. The M c Cabe Engineering A ward , founded by Thomas B. McCabe, 1915, is to be presented each year to the outstanding engineering student in the Senior Class. The recipient is chosen by a committee o f the faculty o f the division o f Engineering. The Crane Prize , a memorial to Charles E. Crane, Jr., o f the Class o f 1936, is an award o f about $20, given fo r the purchase o f philosophical books, and presented annually to the junior who, in the opinion o f the department, has done the best work in Philosophy. The A . Edward N ew ton Library Prize o f $50, endowed by A . Edward Newton, to make permanent the Library Prize first established by W . W . Thayer, is awarded annually to that undergraduate who, in the opinion o f the Committee o f Award, shows the best and most intelligently chosen col­ lection o f books upon any subject. Particular emphasis is laid in the award, not merely upon the size o f the collection but also upon the skill with which the books are selected and upon the owner’s knowledge o f their subjectmatter. The K atherine B. Sicard Prize o f $5, endowed by the Delta Gamma Fraternity in memory o f Katherine B. Sicard, ex ’ 34, is awarded annually to the freshman woman who, in the opinion o f the department, shows great­ est proficiency in English. P ublic Speaking Contests . Prizes for annual contests in public speak­ ing are provided as follow s: The Ella Frances B unting Extemporary Speaking Fund awards prizes totalling $45 fo r the best extemporaneous short speeches. The O w e n M oon F und provides the Delta Upsilon Speaking Contest prizes totalling $25 for the best prepared speeches on topics o f current interest. 64 Wharton Hall, a Dormitory for Men Worth Dormitory for Women T he W illiam Plummer Potter P ublic Speaking F und was estab­ lished in 1907. The income o f the fund is used to sponsor three different annual contests: 1) the Potter Public Speaking Contest prizes totalling $100.00, 2 ) the Potter Poetry Contest, $50.00, 3 ) the One-Act Play Con­ test, $50.00. T he Potter Fund has also been used to establish a collection o f dramatic and poetic records. The Lois M orrell Poetry A ward , given by her parents in memory o f Lois Morrell o f the Class o f 1946, goes to that student who, in the opinion o f the faculty, submits the best original poem in the annual competition for the award. The award, consisting o f $100, is made in the spring o f the year. A ll entries should be submitted by April 1. The Joh n R ussell H ayes Poetry Prizes, o f approximately $25 fo r a first prize and $15 for a second prize, are offered for the best original poem or for a translation from any language. Manuscripts should be ready by A pril 1 o f each year. Fellow ships Three fellowships are awarded annually by the faculty, on recommendation o f the Committee on Fellowships, to graduates o f the college fo r the pursuit o f advanced work under the direction o f the faculty or with their approval. Applications for fellowships must be in the hands o f the committee by April 15. Applicants for any one o f these fellowships will be considered fo r the others as well. These three fellowships are: The H a n n a h A . L eedom Fellowship o f $500, founded by the bequest o f Hannah A . Leedom. The Joshua Lippincott Fellowship o f $600, founded by Howard W . Lippincott, o f the Class o f 1875, in memory o f his father. The John Lockwood M emorial Fellowship o f $600, founded by the bequest o f Lydia A . Lockwood, N ew York, in memory o f her brother, John Lockwood. It was the wish o f the donor that the fellowship be awarded to a member o f the Society o f Friends. Three other fellowships are open to graduates o f Swarthmore College under the conditions described below : The L ucretla M ott Fellowship , founded by the Somerville Literary Society and sustained by the contribution o f its life members, has yielded an annual income since its foundation o f $525. It is awarded each year by a committee o f the faculty (selected by the society), with the concur65 rence o f the life members o f the society, to a young woman graduate o f that year w ho is to pursue advanced study at some other institution approved by this committee. The M artha E. T yson Fellowship , founded by the Somerville Literary Society in 1913, is sustained by the contributions o f life members o f the society and yields an income o f $500 or more. It is awarded biennially by a joint committee o f the faculty and the society (elected by the society) with the concurrence o f the life members o f the society to a woman graduate o f Swarthmore College, who has entered or plans to enter elementary or secondary school work. The recipient o f the award is to pursue a course o f study fitting her for more efficient work in an institution approved by the Committee o f Award. Sigma X i R esearch Fellowship . The Swarthmore Chapter o f Sigma X i appoints, from time to time, as funds are available, Fellows with re­ search grants with a maximum value o f $1,000. T he holders o f this fellow ­ ship are usually associates o f the chapter who have shown conspicuous ability in graduate studies. The purpose o f the chapter in awarding these fellow ­ ships is to relieve worthy students from teaching and other distracting duties so that they may concentrate as much as possible upon their research. Applications fo r these fellowships should be made to the secretary o f the chapter not later than the middle o f March. Appointments will be an­ nounced about the middle o f April. 66 Courses N umbering of of In str u ctio n C ourses and Seminars A system o f uniform numbering is used in all departments. Courses are numbered as follow s: 1 to 9— introductory courses 11 to 49— other courses open to students o f all classes 51 to 69— advanced courses limited to juniors and seniors A bove 100— seminars fo r honors students Full courses the numbers o f which are joined by a hyphen (e. g., 1-2) must be continued fo r the entire year; credit is not given fo r the first semester’s work only. Astronomy Pr o fe sso r : Peter v a n de K a m p , Chairman and Director of Sprout Observatory V i s it in g Pro fesso r: W A s s o c ia t e A s s o c ia t e : Sa r a h L . L i p p i n c o t t A s s is t a n t s : J u l i a E. D a m k o e h l e r L a u r e n c e W . F r e d r ic k O bse r v e r : alter Baade * * P r o f e s s o r : Jo h n H . P i t m a n A. W ayne C o n g e r (part-time) Astronomy deals with the nature o f the universe about us and the methods employed to discover the laws underlying the observed phenomena. The elementary courses present the problems in broad outlines and trace the growth o f our knowledge o f the facts and the development o f more comprehensive theories. The advanced courses consider some o f these problems in detail; the order in which they may be taken depends upon the extent o f the student’s mastery o f mathematics and physics. The principal instrument o f the Sproul Observatory is the twenty-four-inch visual refractor o f thirty-six-foot focal length, used almost exclusively for photography. The instrument has been in continuous operation since 1912 and provides a valuable and steadily expanding collection o f photographs. A number o f measuring and calculating machines are available for the measurement and reduction o f the photographs. The principal program o f the Observatory is an accurate study o f the distances, motions and masses o f the nearer stellar systems. Advanced study in conjunction with the research program o f the Observatory may be arranged in consultation with the Director o f the Sproul Observatory. The Students’ Observatory contains a six-inch visual refractor, a nine-inch photo­ graphic telescope, and a transit instrument. The Sproul Observatory is open to visitors on the second and fourth Tuesday nights o f each month, except those Tuesday nights that fall in a vacation period. Visitors thus have an opportunity o f seeing, in the course o f a year, many celestial objects o f various types. 1-2. D escriptive A stronomy . Mr. van de Kamp. These courses provide an introduction to the methods and results o f astronomy. Fundamental notions o f physics are studied as they are needed to provide an adequate scientific basis for the course. These courses are prerequisite for all further work in astronomy. Three class periods each week, practical work to be arranged. 8. Introduction to A stronomy . M r. Pitman. This course is designed to give the student an acquaintance with some o f the problems in astronomy, the methods o f investigation, and results obtained, emphasis is placed on the overlapping o f astronomy and the other sciences, and its role in art, history and literature. Those planning to take additional work in astronomy should enroll in Astronomy 1-2. Three class periods each week. Text: Baker, Introduction to A stronom y, and current periodicals.* ** For the second semester, 1952-53. 63 13. Practical A stronomy . Theory and use o f the transit instrument for the determination o f time, latitude and longitude. Reduction o f star positions. Solution o f observation equations by the method o f least squares. T w o class sessions and one laboratory period each week. Prerequisites: Mathematics 1-2 and Astronomy 1-2 or 8. 14. Laboratory A stronomy . Theory and practice o f micrometric measures o f double stars, comets and asteroids. Photography o f selected objects. Determination o f positions from photographic plates. T w o class sessions and one laboratory period each week. Prerequisites: Mathematics 1-2 and Astronomy 1-2 or 8. 19. D oublb Stars. Mr. van de Kamp. Tlie two body problem. Visual, spectroscopic and eclipsing binaries. The masses o f binary components and o f unseen companions. Prerequisite: Mathematics 11-12. 31. Undergraduatb Reading Course in A stronomy . Undergraduate students may, under direction, prepare papers upon subjects re­ quiring a rather extensive examination o f the literature o f a problem. 51. O rbit Computation . M r. Pitman. The principles and methods o f orbital analysis for planets, asteroids, comets and double stars. Students w ho intend to pursue astronomy as a major subject in course should have Astronomy 1-2 during the freshman or sophomore year; advanced courses in astronomy selected from the list given above combined with work in mathematics constitute the further requirement. H o n o r s S e m in a r s in A stron om y Prerequisites for admission to honors seminars in astronomy, either as a major or as a minor, are the completion o f the follow ing courses: Mathematics 11-12; Astronomy 1-2, a course in general Physics, reading knowledge o f French or German. 101. Sphbrical A stronomy . Outline o f spherical trigonometry. The astronomical triangle. Determination o f time and latitude. Reduction o f astronomical positions. Precession, aberration, proper motion, parallax. 102. O rbit Computation . The principles and methods o f orbital analysis for planets, asteroids, comets and double stars. 103. Celestial M echanics. The problems o f two, three and n bodies. Perturbations. 104. D oublb Stars. The two body problem. Theory and observational technique o f visual, spectro­ scopic and eclipsing binaries. Special attention is given to the photographic study o f both resolved and unresolved astrometric binaries. The masses of binary components and o f unseen companions. 69 105. Photographic A strometry. The long-focus refractor. Photographic technique, measurement and reduction o f photographic plates. Choice o f reference stars. Attainable accuracy. Application to the problems o f parallax, proper motion, mass-ratio, and perturbations. Resolved and unresolved astrometric binaries; orbital analyses. 106. G alactic and Extragalactic Structure. Stellar motions and distances. Fundamental data. Inter-stellar matter; nebulae and clusters. Variable stars. Structure and rotation o f the galactic system. Extragalactic objects. Stellar populations. G raduate W ork In conformity with the general regulations for work leading to the master’s degree (see p. 6 2 ), this department offers the possibility fo r graduate work. Candidates for the master’s degree w ill normally take four honors seminars, selected from those listed in astronomy, mathematics or physics, in consultation with the faculty member under whose direction the work is to be done. A thesis may be substituted for one o f the seminars. Candidates for the master’s degree must have a good reading knowledge o f two modern languages. 70 B iology P r o f e s s o r : R o b e r t K . E n d e r s , * * C hairm an A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s : L a u n c e J. F l e m i s t e r L u z e r n e G . L iv in g s t o n In s t r u c t o r : K urt N orm an W alter N eal A. M e in k o t h J. S c o t t A. W eber K . B oh n sack L e c t u r e r : Sa r a h C . F l e m i s t e r Through its elementary course, the Department o f Biology introduces the student to a comprehensive view o f those principles, problems and phenomena common to all organisms, with animals and plants interpreted on a comparative basis. The advanced courses in the Biological Sciences (except Genetics) deal specifically with plant biology (botany), or animal biology (zoolog y ) and are listed under these respective headings. Following the broad review o f the plant and animal kingdoms as given in the course in general biology, advanced work is taken up in tw o different ways: first, specific aspects o f the broad subjects are treated in a comparative manner as in anatomy and physiology; second, broader aspects o f a specific subject are treated as in entomology, parasitology, embryology, genetics and developmental plant anatomy. The structural and functional consideration is extended to include problems o f interdependence o f organisms in the structure and function o f plant and animal societies and the influence o f physical, chemical and biological factors in the survival o f those societies. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M a jo r s in Course A student may major in biology, botany, or zoology. Students in course should include the follow ing supporting subjects in their programs, in addition to the four full courses in their major subject: chemistry, including one semester in organic chemistry, one course in physics, one course in mathematics and a modern language (German preferred) through course 4. These courses are required for majors in botany or zoology. The program for biology majors may be modified, but any program must be approved in advance by the department. Biology 1-2. G eneral Biology. Staff. Pull Course A n introduction to the study o f living things. A consideration o f the properties o f protoplasm and the structure o f the cell; a brief survey o f living forms, both plant and animal. T he methods by which animals and plants maintain themselves, grow and reproduce, and a discussion o f the mechanism o f heredity. Some time will be devoted to the interrelationships o f plants and animals in communities, and the place o f man in the whole structure. Evidence for and against theories o f evolution w ill be discussed. T w o lectures and one discussion period, one three-hour laboratory per week. Credit is not given fo r a single semester o f this course. ** Absent on leave, second semester, 1952-53. 71 20. G bnetics. Spring Sem ester A study o f the fundamental principles o f inheritance as they apply to living organisms generally. The course includes a detailed consideration o f the principles o f Mendelian inheritance, an analysis o f the underlying chromosomal mechanisms, the gene theory, and the relationship o f the principles o f genetics to evolution, to plant and animal improvement, and to man. Three lectures per week, with assigned problems and laboratory and/or library projects in lieu o f formally organized laboratory work. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. G reek and La tin N omenclature (Classics X ) . Miss North. This course is designed to help students o f the biological sciences to understand terminology derived from Greek and Latin. Principles o f word formation, the meaning o f common roots, the use o f prefixes and suffixes, the nature o f com­ bining forms, and rules for English pronunciation w ill be stressed. Required o f majors in the junior year. One hour per week. N o credit. Botany 16. D evelopmental Plant A natom y . M r. Livingston. T he fundamentals o f anatomy o f seed plants approached from a developmental standpoint. The structure and behavior o f meristems, problems and processes of differentiation, and a detailed analysis o f cellular, tissue and organ structure in higher plants. T w o lectures and two three-hour laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. 18. Survby of the Plant K ingdom . M r. Livingston. Fall Semester A comparative study o f the structure, reproduction, and life habits o f the algae, fungi, mosses, and lower vascular plants from a phylogenetic viewpoint. Partic­ ular attention is given to current concepts o f evolutionary relationship from the standpoints o f both comparative morphology and paleobotanical evidence. T w o lectures and tw o laboratories or field trips per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. 67. Plant Physiology. M r. Livingston. Spring Semester A n integrated study o f the physiological processes o f higher plants, including general cellular physiology, water relations, mineral nutrition, enzyme action, photosynthesis, metabolic processes, translocation, the physiology o f growth and development, and related topics. T w o lectures, one discussion period, and one laboratory period per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Organic Chemistry desirable. 68. Biology of Bacteria . M r. Livington. Fall Semester A n approach to the study o f bacteriology with principal emphasis on the con­ sideration o f bacteria as organisms, rather than as causative agents o f disease, etc. The morphology, physiology and biochemistry, and classification o f bacteria. T w o lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: Biology 1-2, Chemistry 1-2, Organic Chemistry desirable. 72 69. T axonomy of Seed Plants . M r. Livingston. Spring Sem ester A study o f the classification and evolutionary relationships o f seed plants, includ­ ing a detailed consideration o f the characteristics o f the more important families o f flowering plants. A study o f the methods o f identification and recognition o f the local flora, both native and horticultural. T w o lectures and two laboratories or field trips per week. Prerequisite: Biology 1-2. H onors W ork The seminars given each year vary according to the choices o f the students and the convenience o f the department. i l l . Plant Physiology. An extension o f the area covered in course 67, with particular emphasis on a critical study o f original sources, both classical and current. The seminar discus­ sion is accompanied by a fu ll day o f laboratory work each week. 112. Problems of G rowth and D evelopment. A correlated anatomical^ and physiological approach to developmental plant an­ atomy and morphogenesis. The seminar discussion is accompanied by a full day o f laboratory work each week. 113. G enetics. An extension o f the area covered in course 20, with particular emphasis on cur­ rent research in the field o f inheritance in all its aspects. The seminar discussion is accompanied by a full day o f laboratory work each week. 114. T axonomy and D istribution of Flowering Plants . An extension o f the area covered in course 69, integrated with a study o f plant geography and distribution. Seminar discussions and field work, supplemented by laboratory work. Zoology 11. Comparative V ertebrate A natomy . M r. Meinkoth, M r. W eber. Fall Semester This course normally follow s General Biology. It deals with the comparative and unique aspects o f the anatomy o f the integument, skeleton, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory and nervous systems o f the various vertebrate types. Classification, phylogeny and adaptive radiation are considered with stress 'laced on anatomical adaptations to the various habitats. The protochordates, amprey, dogfish, necturuS and cat are studied as representative forms in the laboratory. The course has three lecture and two laboratory meetings per week. This course is among those required by medical schools. i 12. Elementary Physiology. M r. Scott. Spring Semester A consideration o f the physiology o f muscle, nerve, circulation, respiration, central nervous system, special senses and digestion; the treatment is designed to give a broad understanding o f the mechanism o f the vertebrate body. In the laboratory standard experiments on living tissue are performed. T w o lectures, one conference and one laboratory period per week. 73 51. H istology. Mrs. Flemister. Fall Sem ester This course consists o f a detailed study o f the microscopic structure o f vertebrate tissues, together with the functions o f such tissues. In the laboratory the student examines Doth prepared and living material, and becomes familiar with the princ­ iples o f microtechniques. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: 1-2, 11. 52. Embryology. Mrs. Flemister. Spring Semester A study o f development o f vertebrate anatomy. The lectures are concerned with an investigation o f the events which precede development, an analysis o f the development processes, and a brief survey o f the contributions o f the field o f ex­ perimental embryology. Laboratory periods are devoted to the embryology o f the frog, chick and pig. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 53. Entomology . Mr. W eber. Fall Semester The study o f insects and their relatives, their morphological and physiological adaptations and their effect on man. Each student w ill prepare a study collection from field trips. 54. Biology of Parasitism. M r. Meinkoth. A lternate Years, Spring Semester A consideration o f parasitology with reference to evolution and adaptation to the parasitic habit. Surveys are made o f parasites in native animals. Classification, life cycles and epidemiology are reviewed. Prerequisite: 11 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 55. Field Z oology. Mr. W eber, M r. Bohnsack, Fall Semester Emphasis is on the living animals as they occur in nature, their systematics, relationships to the environment, habits and distribution. M ost o f the work w ill be done on field trips. 56. Invertebrate Z oology. M r. Meinkoth. A lternate Years, Fall Semester A course designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental morphology, classification, phylogeny and special problems o f the invertebrate phyla. Three lectures and two laboratories per week. Occasional field trips. Prerequisite: 11 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 57. Comparative Physiology. Mr. Flemister. Fall Semester A course o f lectures and laboratory experiments treating functional processes from the standpoint o f adaptation o f the animal to its environment. These processes in representative animals are compared in order to follow their elabora­ tion from the more general to the more specialized. T w o lectures, one conference and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisites: Comparative Anatomy and Organic Chemistry. 58. Physiological Ecology. M r. Flemister. Spring Semester A course o f lectures, discussions and laboratory experiments concerning the physiological adaptations o f representative animals to environmental stress. Re­ quirements and availability o f optimum conditions o f temperature, oxygen, food ­ stuffs and the maintenance o f ionic independence are critically appraised. More than half o f the laboratory work is done in the field. T w o lectures, one conference and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite: 57 Comparative Physiology. Offered Spring term o f even years. 74 59. N euro-Anatomy . M r. Scott. Given on demand This course is planned to give an account of the structure and something o f the functioning o f the central nervous system o f man. In die discussions special at­ tention is given where possible to consideration o f the comparative features o f the evolution o f the central nervous system. One laboratory period and one three-hour conference per week. Prerequisites: Comparative Anatomy. 61. Biology for Seniors. M r. Enders. sp rin g Sem ester A course designed to integrate the student's knowledge in abstract sciences with living animals, both captive and wild, and to give an opportunity to work on some phase o f Biology o f interest to him. 63, 64. Special T opics. Staff. F * // or H alf Course For advanced students. Open to those who, on account o f fitness, have arranged a program o f special work in the department. 70-71. Fundamentals of Systematics. Academy o f Natural Sciences. This course presents the study o f variation, spedation, and the evolution o f tax­ onomic categories. It acquaints the student with the use o f the methods and tech­ niques o f cytology, genetics, statistics, and plant and animal distribution in solving taxonomic problems. Each student w ill attack an individual problem in the taxonomy o f some group o f plants or animals. One hour lecture, 4 hours laboratory. Saturdays 8-1. H onors W ork A student with a major in zoology and a minor in chemistry, or a minor in chem­ istry and physics must complete in the first two years the follow ing: three half courses in zoology (including 1 -2 ), tw o courses in chemistry, one course in mathematics (11 and 12 required for advanced chemistry and physics) and two courses in German (preferred) or French. Honors students majoring in zoology normally take four seminars in zoology, with the remaining seminars usually in botany, chemistry, physics mathematics and psychology. Prerequisites fo r students in the honors curriculum with a minor in zoology consist o f three half courses in biology and zoology (including 1 -2 ). In addition, 104 re­ quires one course in physics and chemistry through organic chemistry. Seminars: The follow ing seminars prepare students for examinations for a degree with Honors. 101. Biology of Parasitism. M r. Meinkotfa. A n intensified version o f course 54 with emphasis on individual student projects, and an acquaintance with both the classic problems and the current literature deal­ ing with the phenomenon o f parasitism. 102. Cytology. Mrs. Flemister. A study o f the structure and function o f the cell. Living material w ill be ex­ amined and the modern microscopical techniques employed in the laboratory. 103. Embryology. M r. Enders, M r. W eber. An analysis o f reproduction and development. The laboratory work includes individual projects by the students, a study o f developmental anatomy o f the chick and pig, and frog, and the observation o f living material under normal and experimental conditions. 75 104. Comparative Physiology (fo r B iology M a jors). M r. Flemister. A n intensive consideration o f the physical and chemical phenomena underlying the function o f animals. A comparative approach is maintained in order to consider the progression from more general to the more specialized adjustments, acclimatizations and adaptations o f animals to physical, chemical and biological stresses in the environment. The terminal portion o f the laboratory program is devoted to the pursuit o f original, independent work by the student. Prerequisites f o r ' this seminar are courses in Comparative Anatomy and Organic Chemistry. One afternoon o f discussion and one full day in the laboratory per week. Offered in the Fall term. 105. Physiology (fo r non-M ajors). M r. Scott. A general consideration o f the functional processes in animals with emphasis placed on mammals and other vertebrates. The aspects o f adaptation o f the animal to environmental stress are treated in such a way as to serve the individual student’s area o f concentration. In preparation an introductory course in Zoology is desirable. One afternoon o f discussion aiid one full day in the laboratory per week. Offered in the Spring term o f alternate years. 106. Entomology . M r. W eber, M r. Bohnsack. Following a survey o f insects in general a detailed study o f one aspect o f the field w ill be undertaken. This w ill involve use o f a scientific library and inde­ pendent work on one topic. 110. Special T opics. The Staff. Open to students who, having satisfied all requirements, desire further work in the department. Frequently this w ill include acting as junior assistants in the research o f staff members. 76 Chemistry Professors: Edward H. Cox , Chairman W alter B. K eighton , Jr . A ssociate Professor: D uncan G. Foster A ssistant P rofessor: Edward A. Fehnel I nstructor : L eland B. T icknor The aim o f the Department o f Chemistry is to provide a sound training in the fundamental theories and basic techniques o f the science rather than to deal with specialized branches o f the subject. The courses offered are designed to meet the needs o f four classes o f students: 1. Students with a primary interest in the humanities or social sciences, w ho turn to chemistry as a scientific study o f general educational value. For these students Chemistry 1 or Chemistry 1 and 2 offers training in the scientific approach to problems, experience with the laboratory method o f investigation, and a presen­ tation o f the major intellectual achievements o f chemistry. 2. Students w ho seek training in chemistry as a supplement to their training in astronomy, botany, engineering, mathematics, medicine, physics, or zoology. Courses 1, 2, 11, 25, 52 (o r 5 5 ), 61-62 and the seminars in Organic Chemistry and in Physical Chemistry include those most frequently recommended for this class o f students. The departmental statements contain specific recommendations. 3. Students interested in chemistry as a scientific study o f general educational value, but who have no intention o f pursuing chemistry as a profession. Such students may meet the college requirements for a major in chemistry by completing the follow ing courses in chemistry as a minimum: 1, 2, 11, 25, 52, 55, 61 and 62. They should also take Mathematics 1, 2, 11, 12; Physics 1-2; and an additional advanced course in mathematics, physics, or zoology. By wisely planning his elective courses the student may obtain a broad education with emphasis on chemistry and its supporting subjects. 4. Students w ho expect to practice chemistry as a profession or to do graduate study in chemistry need somewhat more chemistry, mathematics and physics than listed in the previous paragraph. In addition they must complete German 4 or 7-8. The typical curricula outlined below provide for a well-rounded and thor­ ough training in the fundamentals o f chemistry and practice in its techniques. In addition, they satisfy the minimum requirements o f the American Chemical Society for the undergraduate training o f chemists. The follow ing are typical curricula for the student in course and in honors. Some variation from either curriculum is possible, and all students intending to major in chemistry should consult with members o f the staff regarding the courses best suited to their purpose. 77 In Course Freshman Year Introductory Chemistry 1, 2 Mathematics 1-2 ♦German 1-2 English Literature 1 and a half course in philosophy, fine arts, music or religion Economics 1-2, or Political Science 1-2 Junior Year Organic Chemistry 55, 56 Quantitative Analysis 52, 53 Differential Equations 52 Advanced Calculus 51 Electives ( 2 ) Sophom ore Y ear Qualitative Analysis 11 Intro. Organic Chemistry 25 Differential Calculus 11 Integral Calculus 12 ♦German 3, 4 Physics 1-2 A year course in humanities or social science Senior Y ear Physics 11-12 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 65 Physical Chemistry 61-62 Electives ( 3 ) In H onors The Freshman and Sophomore years are identical with the program above for students in course. Junior Y ear Courses: Quantitative Analysis 52, 53 Organic Chemistry 55, 56 Seminars: Advanced Calculus 101 Differential Equations 102 l . Introductory C hemistry. Senior Y ear Seminars: Elementary Physical Chemistry 101 Advanced Physical Chemistry 102 Electricity and Magnetism 102 Modern Physics 103 M r. Keighton and Staff. Fall Sem ester A study o f some o f the central concepts and fundamental principles o f chemistry, showing how the basic facts o f the science are collected and interpreted, how the theories or fundamental laws are arrived at, and how they are used in ex­ plaining or predicting the behavior o f matter. The course is designed to meet the needs o f those students who wish to study chemistry as a part o f their general education as well as o f those professionally interested in chemistry. N o previous training in chemistry is required, but ample work is provided for those who have already studied chemistry. A small group o f students, who have the interest and ability, meet with some member o f the staff for the discussion o f more advanced topics. Students who enter college with exceptional training in chemistry are encouraged to take a placement examination during freshman orientation week. If found to be sufficiently well prepared they may omit Chemistry 1 and start with Chemistry 2 in the spring term. One semester. Prerequisite for all other courses in chemistry. Three lectures and recitation periods and one four hour laboratory period weekly. Textbooks: Hildebrand and Latimer, Principles o f Chem istry and R eference B ook o f Inorganic Chem istry; Bray and Latimer, A Course in G eneral Chemistry. • Students who have completed the foreign language requirement in another language may substitute German 7-8. 78 2. Introductory Chemistry. M r. Keighton. Spring Sem ester This course is a continuation o f Chemistry 1, but with a shift o f emphasis towards the needs o f those students w ho expect to major in the sciences or in engineering. Chemistry 1 and 2 together constitute a survey o f the field. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 1. Three lectures and recitation periods and one four hour laboratory period weekly. Textbooks: Same as Chemistry 1. 11. Q ualitative A nalysis. M r. Foster. Each Sem ester Modern theory o f solutions o f electrolytes and its application to inorganic qualitative analysis. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2 with a minimum grade o f C. Tw o lectures, one conference period and four hours o f laboratory weekly. Textbook: Fales and Kenny, Inorganic Q ualitative A nalysis. 25. I ntroductory O rganic Chemistry. Mr. Cox. Each Semester A one-semester survey o f the field o f organic chemistry, with special emphasis on the nomenclature, structural relationships, and general reactions o f the more important classes o f aliphatic and aromatic compounds. This course serves both as a terminal course and as a prerequisite to Chemistry 55 or 103. Students who plan to enter Chemistry 55 in the fall should take the introductory course in the preceding spring semester. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2, with a minimum grade o f C. Three lectures, one laboratory period, and one optional conference period per week. 52. Q uantitative A nalysis I. The theory and practice o f reduction and precipitation physico-chemical methods. One semester. M r. Foster. Fall Sem ester inorganic volumetric analysis. Acid-base, oxidationmethods are studied, also some o f the commoner Illustrative analyses are performed tn the laboratory. Prerequisite: Chemistry 11, with a minimum grade o f C. One lecture, one conference period and eight hours o f laboratory weekly. Textbook: Pierce and Haenisch, Q uantitative Analysis. 53. Q uantitative A nalysis II. M r. Foster. Spring Sem ester The theory and practice o f inorganic gravimetric analysis, including some special methods, such as colorimetry and polarography, and elementary gas analysis. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 11, with a minimum grade o f C. One lecture and eight hours o f laboratory per week. Textbook: Pierce and Haenisch, Q uantitative Analysis. 55. Intermediate O rganic Chemistry. Mr. Fehnel. Fall Sem ester A continuation o f Chemistry 25, with emphasis on more advanced reactions, methods o f synthesis, mechanisms, and structural theory. Laboratory experiments are selected to illustrate the more important synthetic methods and to develop skill in the use o f fundamental organic laboratory techniques. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 25 with a minimum grade o f C. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week, 79 56. A dvanced O rganic C hemistry. M r. Fehnel. Spring Semester Selected topics in organic chemistry, including resonance theory, reaction mechan­ isms, molecular rearrangements, free radicals and other topics o f current interest. Use o f the literature o f organic chemistry is discussed and library assignments provide opportunities for the student to become familiar with the more important journals and handbooks. One o f the two weekly laboratory periods is devoted to qualitative organic analysis and the other to advanced preparations and tech­ niques. One semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 55 with a minimum grade o f C. Three lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 61-62. Physical Chemistry. M r. Keighton. The principles o f theoretical chemistry are studied and a number o f numerical exercises are worked; the gaseous, liquid and solid states, solutions, colloids, elementary thermodynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistry, the kinetics o f chemical reactions. In the laboratory the student uses a variety o f physicalchemistry apparatus. T w o semesters, credit given only for the completion o f both semesters. Prerequisites: Chemistry 2 with a minimum grade o f C, Mathematics 12, Physics 1. Three lectures and one laboratory period weekly. Textbook: Prutton and Maron, Fundamental Principles o f Physical Chemistry. 65. A dvanced I norganic Chemistry. M r. Fehnel. Fall Semester The periodic classification o f elements is studied from the point o f view o f cor­ relation o f structure and properties. Consideration is given to such topics as atomic and molecular structure, coordination complexes, metal carbonyls, intermetallic and interstitial compounds, modern concepts o f acids and bases, chemistry o f the transition metals and rare earths and other phases o f inorganic chemistry. O ne semester. Prerequisite: Chemistry 61 either previously or concurrently. Three hours o f conference and lectures per week with an additional four hours per week devoted to selected readings on modern developments in inorganic chemistry. 69. Special T opics in O rganic C hemistry. M r. Fehnel. Fall and Spring Semesters A n elective half-course which provides an opportunity for qualified advanced stu­ dents to undertake original investigations in the field o f organic chemistry. The course is designed to give the student practical experience in the application o f the scientific method to die solution o f a research problem, to develop facility in the use o f advanced laboratory techniques, and to stimulate interest in current developments in organic chemical research. A thesis is required in lieu o f a final examination. One semester. Prerequisites: Chemistry 55 with a minimum grade o f C, and Chemistry 56 either previously or concurrently. Approximately ten hours o f laboratory work and conferences per week. H onors W ork Before admission to honors work the chemistry major w ill have completed the cur­ riculum o f the first two years, outlined above, or its equivalent. A t the end o f their senior year, honors students majoring in chemistry normally take four examination papers in chemistry, with the remaining four papers usually selected from mathematics, physics, or zoology. The follow ing seminars are offered as preparation for the honors examination in chemistry. 80 101. Elementary Physical Chemistry. M r. Keighton. Fall Sem ester The gaseous, liquid, and solid states, solutions, colloids, elementary thermo­ dynamics, chemical equilibria, electrochemistry, the kinetics o f chemical reactions. Prerequisites: Chemistry 2, Mathematics 12, Physics 1. One four-hour seminar and one eight-hour laboratory period weekly for one semester. 102. A dvanced Physical Chemistry. M r. Keighton. Spring Sem ester Thermodynamics, the Debye-Hiickel theory o f strong electrolytes, the structure o f matter, chemical kinetics including photochemistry and acid-base catalysis. Prerequisite: Elementary Physical Chemistry Seminar. One four-hour seminar and one eight-hour laboratory period weekly. 103. O rganic Chemistry. M r. C ox or M r. Fehnel. Spring Semester This seminar is fo r minor students w ho wish to fit this subject into their honors program. The material given has much o f the content covered in courses 55 and 56. Prerequisite: Chemistry 25. W eekly Seminars and laboratory. 81 Classics P r o f e s s o r s : Su s a n P . C o b b s L . R . Sh e r o , Chairman A s s is t a n t Pro fe sso r : H elen F. N orth The Department o f Classics offers courses in Greek and Latin that are designed to develop a capacity for the fruitful study o f works written in those languages. A knowledge o f Greek is particularly valuable for students o f modern literature, phi­ losophy, or the Christian religion; a knowledge o f Latin, for students o f the romance languages, mediaeval history, or law. Study in either field is helpful for the broad­ ening and deepening o f a student s educational experience. Another group o f courses (numbered from 31 o n ) deals with the history o f the Greeks and Romans and with various aspects o f their culture that have been o f special significance for the modern world. These courses presuppose no knowledge o f the Greek or Latin languages and are open without prerequisites to all students. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R e c o m m e n d a t io n s for M a jo r s Greek or Latin may be offered as the major subject either in course or m honors work M ajor students in course are normally required to complete during the farst two years either Intermediate Greek (course 11-12) or Introduction to Latin Literature (course 11-12). Both o f these courses are prerequisite for honors seminars tor a major student and one o f them for honors seminars for a minor student. The course in Ethics (Philosophy 11) and a course in the history o f either Greece or Rome are also recommended for major students either in course or in honors work. M ajor students in honors work may substitute for one o f the four senmars normally required in this department either the seminar in Plato given by the Department ot Philosophy or a thesis. Students o f Latin may substitute a seminar m Greek for one o f their seminars in Latin (o r vice versa). Greek 1-2. Elementary G reek. Miss Cobbs. ^ ul1 Course^ The essentials o f Greek grammar are covered and easy selections from Greek literature are read. 11, 12. Intermediate G reek. M r. Shero. Full Course Selections from Homer, a play o f Euripides, and Plato’s A pology are read. 13, 14. G reek R eading. Miss North. Full Course The reading o f some o f the masterpieces o f poetry and o f prose, including selec­ tions from lyric poetry and from Herodotus and a play o f Aeschylus or Sophocles, is°suppiemented ny a survey o f the history o f Greek literature. Credit is given fo r each semester. The course w ill be offered only when required. 15, 16. A dvanced G reek R eading. M r. Shero. <''ou™e The works read are determined by the interests and needs o f the members o f the class but w ill usually include portions o f Thucydides, some speeches o f the Attic orators, and a comedy o f Aristophanes. Credit is given for each semester. The course w ill be offered only when required. 82 Latín 1- 2. Elementary Latin . M r. Shero. Full Course The course is designed for students who begin Latin in college or who are not prepared to enter Intermediate Latin, and it normally covers the equivalent o f two years’ work in secondary school. The course w ill be offered only when required. 3, 4. Intermediate Latin . Miss North. Full Course The course is primarily concerned with the reading o f V irgil’s A eneid. For the benefit o f students w ho have had only two years o f preparatory Latin, a brief introductory period is devoted to a review o f the fundamentals o f Latin grammar. Credit is given fo r each semester. 11, 12. Introduction to Latin Literature. M r. Shero and Miss North. Full Course The course aims to give some conception o f the scope and characteristic qualities o f Latin literature. The reading includes selections from comedy and from Cicero’s essays in the first semester and the O des o f Horace in the second. Credit is given for each semester. It is open to students w ho have had four years o f preparatory Latin or w ho have completed Intermediate Latin. 13. Catullus and Elegy. M r. Shero. A study o f the poems o f Catullus and the elegiac poets. Fall Semester 14. M ediaeval Latin . M ss North. Spring Sem ester The reading done in this course consists o f prose and verse selected chiefly from the writings o f mediaeval Latin authors, with particular emphasis on history, philosophy, satire, and poetry. Some attention is given, early in the course, to Christian authors, such as Minucius Felix, St. Jerome, and St. Augustine, in order to clarify the transition from ancient to mediaeval modes o f thought and expression. Ancient History and Civilization 31. H istory of G reece. M r. Shero. Fall Semester The course is devoted to the study o f the political and social history o f the Greek states to the time o f the Hellenistic kingdoms. This is preceded by a brief survey o f the Oriental civilizations by which the Greeks were influenced. Special attention is given to the 6th and 5th centuries B. C. Considerable reading is done in the primary sources in translation. The course is given in alternate years and w ill be offered in 1953-1954. 33. Greek Civilization . M r. Shero. Fall Sem ester Special stress is laid on those aspects o f Greek culture which have had most significance for the modern world, and a detailed study is made o f some o f the masterpieces o f Greek art and o f Greek literature (in translation). The course is given when there is sufficient demand. 34. History of Rome . M r. Shero. Spring Sem ester The course is devoted to the study o f the political and social history o f Rome to the time o f Constantine. Special attention is given to the last century o f the Republic and the first century o f the Empire. Considerable reading is done in the primary sources in translation. 83 35. Classical A rchaeology. M r. Shero. The methods o f archaeological investigation in general and the contributions^ of archaeology to our knowledge o f Greek and Roman life and art are studied. A visit is paid' to the University o f Pennsylvania Museum. The course w ill be offered in 1952-1953. 36. G reek Literature in T ranslation , Miss North. Spring Semester The works read in this course include the Iliad and the Odyssey, much o f Greek tragedy and comedy, selections from the historians, the lyric and elegiac poets, and the Ionian physicists, and, in its entirety, the R epublic o f Plato. These works are considered both from the point o f view o f literary criticism and in relation to their influence on the development o f western thought. 37. Latin Literature in T ranslation — Classical and M ediaeval. Miss North. Fall Semester The works studied in this course range in time from the age o f the Roman Re­ public to the .twelfth century after Christ and are selected from those masterpieces written in the Latin language which possess significance for the history and literature o f Western Europe, and which retain their value when read in trans­ lation. They include, from the classical period, such major authors as Cicero, Lucretius, V irgil, Livy, and Seneca; from the Latin Fathers, St. Jerome and St. Augustine; and from the M iddle Ages, Boethius, Prudentius, Bede, the chief figures o f the Carolingian Renaissance, and the writers o f Mediaeval Latin hymns and secular poetry. The course is given when there is sufficient demand. 39. C lassical M ythology in Literature and A rt . Mr. Shero. Fall Semester The course is designed to give familiarity with those myths and legends that have served as material for writers and artists from ancient times to the present. Plays, both ancient and modern, based on the more influential myths are read, and a study is made o f the manner in which the themes have been handled in painting and sculpture o f various periods. Special attention is given to the use made o f stories from mythology by recent writers. The course is given in alternate years and w ill be offered in 1953-1954. X . G reek and Latin N omenclature . Miss North. Pall Semester This course is designed to assist students o f the biological sciences in understand­ ing terminology derived from Greek and Latin. Principles o f word formation, the meaning o f common roots, the nature o f combining forms, and rules for English pronunciation are stressed. The class meets one hour a week and is not counted towards a degree. H onors Se m i n a r s 101. Latin Language. Miss North. This seminar serves as an introduction to classical philology, stressing the study o f the Latin language in its development from Indo-European to the Vulgar Latin period. It also includes practice in reading and writing Latin, and an introduction to epigraphy and palaeography. The seminar is given in the fall semester and w ill be offered in 1952-1953. 102. Latin H istorians. M r. Shero. This seminar combines a survey o f Latin historical writing to the end o f the Silver A ge with intensive study o f selected books o f Livy and Tacitus. The seminar is given in the spring semester and w ill be offered in 1952-1953. 84 103. Latin Epic. Miss N o r * . This seminar traces the development o f Roman epic poetry, with particular emphasis on the D e Return Natura o f Lucretius and the A eneid o f V irgil. Some attention is also given to early Roman epic, as represented by the Annales of Ennius, and to the period o f its decline, typified by Lucan’s Pharsalia. The seminar is given in the fall semester and w ill be offered in 1953-1954. 104. Latin Comedy and Satire. Mr. Shero. Representative comedies o f Plautus and Terence are read, and a study o f the Satires and E pistles o f Horace and the Satires o f Juvenal is supplemented by a general survey o f the development o f Roman satire. The seminar is given in the spring semester and w ill be offered in 1953-1954. In addition, seminars in Greek literature and in particular periods o f ancient history will be offered when required. 85 Econom ics P ro fessors: Ed w ard K. C ra tsle y H erbert F. Fraser* F r a n k C . P ie r s o n C l a ir W il c o x , Chairman A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r s : Jo s e p h W . C o n a r d W il l is In s t r u c t o r : H elen M. H D. W unter eatherford (part-time) T he courses in economics are designed: first, to acquaint the student with the insti­ tutions and the processes through which the business o f producing, exchanging, and distributing goods and services is organized and carried on; second, to train him in the methods by which the operation o f these institutions and processes may be analyzed; and third, to enable him to arrive at informed judgments concerning relevant issues o f public policy. Course 1-2 is prerequisite to all other work in the department except courses 3, 4, and 17. Students intending to major in economics are also advised to take courses 3 and 4 and Political Science 1-2. Sophomores are not permitted to take courses 51 to 60, inclusive, unless they w ill be unable to fit them into their programs during the last two years. Majors in course are required to take course 51 in the junior year and courses 61 and 62 in the senior year. Majors in honors are advised to take sem­ inars 102 and 103. 1-2. I ntroduction to Economics. W ilco x and Mrs. Hunter. Messrs. Conard, Fraser, Pierson, Weatherford, Full Course This course is designed both to afford the general student a comprehensive survey o f the field and to provide students doing further work in the department with a foundation upon which to build. It explains the organization and operation o f free, planned, and mixed economies and analyzes the major problems involved in the allocation o f resources, the distribution o f income, the maintenance o f in­ dustrial stability, and the provision o f social security, and in international economic relationships. 3. A ccounting . M r. Cratsley. Fall Sem ester Analysis o f the problems o f business organization and finance, banking, taxation and public regulation requires familiarity with the methods o f corporate account­ ancy. It is the purpose o f this course to equip the student with the rudiments o f accounting that he w ill need to employ in his advanced courses and seminars in economics. 4. Statistics. M r. Cratsley. Spring Sem ester A large part o f the literature o f the social sciences presents generalizations based upon the results o f statistical investigations. The validity o f such generalizations is often dubious. It is the purpose o f this course, by providing the student with an elementary knowledge o f statistical methods, to enable him to appraise the studies that he w ill encounter in his later work. * Absent on leave, first semester, 1952-53. 86 17. India and Pakistan . M r. Weatherford. P edi Sem ester (A lso listed as History 17 and Political Science 17.) A survey o f the economic, political, and social structure o f modern India and Pakistan. The historical background o f present problems. The possibilities o f economic development. 19-20. Soviet Economics and Politics. M r. Michaels. Pull Course (A lso listed as Political Science 19-20 and Russian Studies 19-20.) The structure and operation o f the economic and political institutions o f the Soviet Union, described and analyzed in the light o f their theoretical and historical background. 51. M oney and Banking . M r. Weatherford. Pall Sem ester The organization and operation o f the commercial banking system in the United States. Central banking and the Federal Reserve system. Monetary policy and economic stability. 52. Public Financb . M r. Fraser. Spring Sem ester The revenues and expenditures o f Federal, state, and local governments. The principles o f taxation and borrowing. Budgetary control and debt management. Fiscal policy and economic stability. 53. 54. Economics of Business. M r. Fraser. The economic problems which confront the business executive. Pall sem ester: corporate organization and finance, investment banking and the securities ex­ changes. Spring sem ester: marketing, risk, speculation, insurance and the com­ modities exchanges. 55. Labor Problems. M r. Pierson. Pall Sem ester The structure and functions o f labor unions. Employer approaches to labor relations. Analysis o f wage policies. Government control o f labor relations. 56. Social Economics. Air. Weatherford Spring Sem ester A n examination o f the extent, consequences, and causes o f poverty, insecurity, and inequality. A n appraisal o f economic reforms; social insurance, medical care, housing, the social use o f the taxing power, the “ welfare state." 57. 58. P ublic Control of Business. M r. W ilcox. Pall sem ester: competition and monopoly in American industry, enforcement and interpretation o f the anti-trust laws, delivered pricing, the patent system, regula­ tion o f extractive industries and distributive trades. Spring sem ester: regulation o f municipal utilities, transportation, communications; American agricultural policy; control o f prices in war-time; public ownership and operation o f industry. 60. I nternational Economics. Messrs. Conard and W ilcox. Spring Sem ester The theory and practice o f international trade, the balance o f payments, foreign exchange, national commercial policies, international investment; w orld economic development; post-war reconstruction; relations between free and controlled economies. 61. Economic T heory . M r. Conard. Fall Sem ester The determination o f prices in economic theory and in business practice. The distribution o f income. Determinants o f the level o f income and employment. Fluctuations in economic activity. 87 62. Senior M ajors Seminar . Mr. Pierson. Spring Sem ester Individual readings and reports on subjects not otherwise covered in the student’s program. Common readings in contemporary literature appraising the operation o f free and controlled economies. Discussion o f current issues o f public policy. H onors W ork 101. Finance . M r. Fraser. Spring Semester Private finance: commercial banking, corporation finance, investment banking, the securities and commodities exchanges, insurance, public regulation o f financial practices. Public finance: the expenditures and revenues o f federal, state, and local governments; the principles o f taxation and borrowing. 102. M onetary and Fiscal Policy . M r. Pierson. Fall Sem ester Income and employment. The business cycle. The theories o f Lord Keynes. The monetary policies o f central banks. The fiscal policies o f governments. The stabilization o f economic activity. 103. Economic T heory . M r. Conard. Each Sem ester Contemporary economic theory: price determination, the functional distribution o f income, the level o f employment. The function served by economic theory for Smith, Marx, and contemporary students. Criticism o f theory in the light o f empirical studies and simplifying assumptions. 104. P ublic Control of Business. M r. W ilcox. Fall Semester The anti-trust laws, the patent system, price discrimination, delivered price systems, resale price maintenance. The control o f prices and production in agriculture, bituminous coal, petroleum and urban markets for fluid milk. _ Public regulation o f municipal utilities, transportation and communications. Price control in war­ time. T he public ownership and operation o f industry. 105. I nternational Economics. Messrs. Conard and W ilcox. Spring Semester The theory o f international trade. Monetary problems, cyclical fluctuations, and international monetary cooperation. Restrictionism and discrimination, cartels, com­ modity problems, shipping, aviation and telecommunications. Relations between free and controlled economies. Post-war reconstruction, economic development and international investment. International economic organization. 106. Social Economics . M r. Weatherford. Spring Semester Poverty, inequality, and insecurity. Labor legislation, organization, collective bargaining, wage-policy and the public control o f labor relations. Public assistance, social insurance, medical care, housing, free income and the social use o f the taxing power. Regional planning. The "welfare state.” 107. Soviet Economics and Politics. M r. Michaels. Spring Semester (A lso listed as Political Science 107.) A study o f Soviet economic and political development with special attention to the problems involved in the operation o f a totalitarian political system and a centralized planned economy. T hesis A thesis may be substituted for a course or a seminar under exceptional circum­ stances and by special arrangement. 88 Division o f Engineering i Jo h n D . M cCr u m m , C hairm an (T h e staff members o f the D ivision o f Engineering are listed under th eir respective departm ents) The engineering profession o f today requires o f its followers skill and resourceful­ ness as well as an integrated and thorough education in the natural and social sciences. The educational plan o f the D ivision has been prepared with these requirements in mind. The objective o f our program is to train the student professionally while providing the foundation o f a liberal education. This is accomplished by educating the student in the professional disciplines o f the engineer, such as critical analysis, humanistic studies, and the communication o f ideas, as well as training in the tech­ niques o f the engineering sciences. Specifically, the three Engineering Departments intend that each student shall ( 1 ) master the fundamental concepts o f Engineering; (2 ) extend this mastery in the field o f Civil, Electrical or Mechanical Engineering with a view to later professional practice; ( 3 ) obtain a sufficient amount o f general education to enable him to understand how his engineering activities fit into the great purposes o f society. A student w ho intends to major in Engineering * follow s a common course o f study for the first two years. This course adheres as far as possible to the general college program fo r freshmen and sophomores (see page 5 3 ), and prepares the student for his professional work o f the junior and senior years. A t the end o f the sophomore year, the student may enter his major field o f Civil, Electrical, or Mechanical Engineer­ ing. The last two .years are largely spent in his major field. The three curricula o f the Engineering Departments lead to the degree o f Bachelor o f Science; these curricula are accredited by the Engineers’ Council for Professional Development. Each curriculum provides that the student o f Engineering w ill take about one-fifth of his work in the Divisions o f the Humanities and Social Sciences, one-fourth o f his work in the Departments o f Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics, and the re­ mainder o f his work in the three Departments o f Engineering. A ll students devote their last two years: ( 1 ) to certain basic courses required o f all engineers; ( 2 ) to fulfilling the major requirements o f one o f the departments o f Engineering; ( 3 ) to developing their special interests. It is possible for students in any o f the three departments whose interests lie in the field o f administration, physics, mathematics, or chemistry, to elect courses having a more direct bearing on these subjects. The entire engineering program is outlined on the pages follow ing. First is given the detail o f the curriculum for the freshman and sophomore years. Modifications in this program may be made in individual cases, but it is essential that this body of work be completed before the junior year. N ext follow s a description o f certain general courses in engineering open to all students. This is follow ed by an outline of the curriculum and a description o f the courses offered by each major department. * High school students intending to enter Engineering should take algebra, advanced algebra, plane and solid geometry, and trigonometry in secondary school. 89 O u t l in e o f t h e B a s ic E n g i n e e r i n g C u r r i c u l u m for the F ir s t T wo Y ears Second Sem ester Freshman Y ear English Composition Chemistry Analytic Geometry Descriptive Geometry Surveying II Social Science Elective First Sem ester English Literature Chemistry Algebra and Trigonometry Engineering Drawing Surveying I Social Science Elective Sophom ore Y ear Physics Integral Calculus Dynamics Electric & Magnetic Circuits Non-technical Elective Physics Differential Calculus Statics Materials & Shop Processes Non-Technical Elective G eneral C ourses G E l. Engineering D rawing . M r. Prager. Fall Semester Instruction in the use o f drafting equipment; study o f fundamental principles o f engineering drawing; practice through rendering o f detailed elements and machine assemblies; lettering and sketching. Required for freshman engineers. Open to all students. T w o three-hour periods per week. GE2 D escriptive G eometry . M r. Prager. Spring Semester A n extension o f the basic conception o f orthographic projection as applied to the location and definition in space o f three-dimensional structures; analysis of the geometric relation o f distances, angles, intersections o f lines and planes; development o f surfaces; emphasis upon practical applications o f descriptive geometry in the various fields o f engineering. Required for freshman engineers. Open to all students w ho have had G E l or equivalent. T w o three-hour periods per week. GE11 M aterials and Shop Processes. Staff. Each Semester Study o f elementary metallurgy o f ferrous and non-ferrous materials; investigation in the laboratory o f various engineering materials as they are affected by stress, temperature, and heat treatment; analysis o f purposes and practice in use o f machine tools with emphasis on their performance with the variety o f materials used in manufacturing processes. Three class periods per week; two three-hour laboratories each week. GE51 Industrial M anagement . Staff. Spring Semester Study o f organization and management o f industrial enterprises; historical back­ ground and evolution o f present-day scientific practices; significance o f arrange­ ment o f physical plant, production control, financial policies, wage payment, and personnel relations. Open to all students. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. GE57 Engineering Economy . M r. Carpenter. Spring Semester A study o f the methods o f determining the relative economy o f engineering alter­ natives; compound interest and the calculation o f annual cost, present worth and prospective rates o f return. A method o f analysis which the engineer uses when he investigates a proposed course o f action to decide whether it w ill prove to be economical. Open to all students. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. 90 Civil Engineering Professor: Sam uel T. Carpenter , Chairman A sssistant Professors: R oy F. Linsenmeyer C harles W . N ewlin M erton J. W illis R esearch Co nsultant : Captain W endell P. R oop The work o f the Civil Engineer involves design, research, administration, and construction, in one or more o f the follow ing fields: buildings, bridges, aircraft, soils and foundations, hydraulics and hydroelectric power, city planning, sanitation and public health, highways, airports, railways, and other projects o f a public or private nature. Emphasis is placed on the scientific and humanistic education standing o f fundamental principles, based on the conviction such a background w ill contribute most to the future progress basic sciences treated in Civil Engineering are: structures and terials and their properties, and hydraulics. required for an under­ that those possessing o f the profession. The their foundations, ma­ Students may elect to enter the Civil Engineering honors program at the beginning o f the junior year, although the establishment o f an honors seminar depends upon the number o f students w ho wish to enroll. Excellent facilities and opportunities are available to students w ho may wish to do research as part o f their educational program. Standard Program for Course Students Fall Sem ester Spring Sem ester Junior Y ear EE51 D . C. Apparatus CE51 Mechanics o f Materials & Lab. ME51 Thermodynamics I Elective ME54 Fluid Mechanics EE53 A . C. Apparatus & Circuits CE52 Structural Theory Non-Technical Elective Senior CE53 Structural Design CE55 Soil Mechanics and Foundations CE56 Sanitary Engineering Elective Year CE54 Adv. Structural Theory CE57 Concrete Structures. GE57 Engineering Economy Elective CEl Surveying, I. M r. Newlin, M r. W illis Fall Sem ester A study o f the basic procedures used in making surveys for engineering work, including the use, care, and adjustment o f instruments, note keeping, linear and angular measurements, leveling, traversing, stadia surveys, topographic mapping, calculation o f areas, and drafting room methods. Open to all students w ho have had trigonometry in high school or college. (1 recitation and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE2 Surveying, II. M r. Newlin, Mr. W illis. Spring Sem ester A continuation o f CE 1, covering celestial observations, preparation o f profiles and maps from field notes, elements o f photogrammetry, highway curves and earthwork, plane table surveys, and land surveying. Prerequisite: CE 1. (1 recitation and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) 91 Jl CE11 Statics. M r. Carpenter, M r. Linsenmeyer, M r. New lin. Fall Sem ester Concept and definition o f force, scalar, and vector quantities; combination and resolution o f forces; principle o f moment and couples; graphical and analytical conditions for equilibrium; stress diagrams, cables; centroids o f areas, volumes, and masses; area and volume theorems. Open to students w ho have taken Mathematics 1 and 2. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE12 D ynamics . M r. Carpenter, M r. W illis. Spring Semester Principles o f dynamics, motion o f a particle, Newton s laws, general equation o f motion, rectilinear motion, displacement, velocity, speed, and acceleration; simple harmonic motion, free and forced vibration; inertia forces, work and energy, momentum and impulse; curvilinear motion; kinetic energy o f rotation; balancing o f rotating bodies; relative motion, angular momentum; combined translation and rotation. Prerequisite: C E ll. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE51 M echanics of M aterials and L aboratory. Mr. W illis, M r. Linsenmeyer, M r. Newlin. Fa// Semester This course deals with the internal stresses and changes o f form which always occur when forces act upon solid bodies. The mechanics involved in the design o f simple engineering structures is presented so that the student may realize the problems which must be solved in order to secure the required strength and stiffness in such structures. The laboratory work o f this course is planned, to clarify the theoretical considerations o f beams, columns, combined stress, torsion and methods o f strain measurement. Prerequisite: C E ll, Statics. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE52 Structural T heory. Mr. Linsenmeyer, M r. N ew lin Spring Sem ester Analysis o f determinate and indeterminate structures. A study o f stresses in truss and rigid frame systems, influence lines. Prerequisite: CE51 Mechanics o f Materials. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour labora­ tory per week.) CE53 Structural D esign. Mr. Carpenter. Fall Sem ester Design o f structural members and connections for metallic and timber structures. Prerequisite: CE52 Structural Theory. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE54 A dvanced Structural T heory. M r. A study o f complex structural systems Photoelasticity and the study o f structural Prerequisite: CE52 Structural Theory. per week.) Carpenter. Spring Semester and advanced mechanics o f materials. models. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory CE55 Soil M echanics and Foundations . M r. Linsenmeyer, M r. Newlin. Fall Semester The principles o f soil mechanics as related to the structural stability o f soils under internal and external force systems. Foundations for buildings, bridges, highways, and airports are extensively treated. Research in soil mechanics. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE56 Sanitary Engineering. Mr. W illis. Fall Semester The activities o f the sanitary engineer, including the development and purification o f water supplies; sewerage and sewage disposal. Also relates sanitary engineer­ ing to the broad field o f public health, and includes subjects dealing with hydrol­ ogy and advanced hydraulics. Prerequisite: ME54 Fluid Mechanics. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per w eek.) 92 CE57 Concrete Structures. Staff. Spring Sem ester The theories o f the behavior o f concrete with ordinary and prestressed reinforce­ ment, and the application o f the theories to the design and analysis o f concrete structures and their foundations. Research in concrete theory. (3 recitations and 1 3-hour laboratory per week.) CE69 Civil Engineering T hesis. Staff. The time allotted to a civil engineering thesis is generally one semester. The subject matter o f the thesis must be approved six weeks before the beginning o f the semester. Excellent' facilities exist for independent investigations in struc­ tures, soils, and materials. 93 Electrical Engineering Professors: H oward M. Jenkins , Chairman Joh n D. M cCrumm A ssociate Professor: C. Justus G arrahan A ssistant Professor: Carl Barus Electrical Engineering deals largely with the development and application o f precise notions o f electricity and its allied physical sciences in the broad field o f the conversion, transmission, control, and utilization o f electrical energy for the purposes o f trans­ mitting power and communicating intelligence. The program in Electrical Engineering gives fu ll recognition to the natural sciences basic to the profession, and includes considerable work in the Humanities and Social Sciences, since the needs o f the profession are best served by engineers w ho are vitally aware o f the society in which they work. The educational objectives o f the Department are to provide the student with a thorough understanding o f the fundamental principles o f the natural sciences related to Electrical Engineering, and to inculcate in the student the confidence to apply these principles to new situations. Considerable emphasis is placed on the experimental evidence underlying these fundamentals, and mathematical methods are used to facili­ tate the application o f these principles. Since most engineering problems can be solved only by making certain simplifications, the student is encouraged to examine problems critically and to make such simplifying assumptions as are possible without destroying the significance o f the results. The importance o f the presentation o f work is also stressed, the student being required to gain some proficiency in com­ municating the results o f his work clearly, completely, and in a well organized form. The courses in Electrical Engineering are each a series o f inquiries dealing with fundamental concepts o f electrical phenomena. The common aim is to carry the student to such a point that he w ill understand the basic sciences involved and can apply this knowledge to the problems o f his later professional practice. Unless specifically modified, the requirements for course students are listed below; it is expected that majors w ill maintain a "C ” average or better in the required electrical courses. St a n d a r d P r o g r a m for C o u r s e St u d e n t s Second Sem ester First Sem ester Junior Year EE54 EE56 CE51 ME51 EE55 Electronics EE 57 Engineering Analysis II ME54 Fluid Mechanics Elective A . C. Circuits Engineering Analysis I Mechanics o f Materials Thermodynamics I Senior Year EE62 Fields EE59 Electrical Machinery II Engineering Elective Elective EE58 Electrical Machinery I EE60 Vacuum Tube Circuits EE 6 I Networks Elective 94 E E ll Electric and M agnetic G rCuits. Mr. Jenkins. Spring Sem ester The experimental basis o f electricity and magnetism; elementary electrostatics and m agnetostaticsvoltage, current power, energy. Bilateral and linear networks with constant driving voltages. Induced electromotive forces; capacitance and inductance; elementary problems in ferro-magnetism. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: Physics 1 and to be preceded or accompanied by Integral Calculus. EE51 D irect Current A pparatus. M r. Jenkins. Pall Sem ester Theory o f direct-current generators and motors; fundamentals o f control for direct current machines. Topics include flux, generated voltage, armature reaction, com­ mutation, torque, speed, voltage and speed regulation, losses, efficiency, and effects o f control on motor characteristics. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: E E ll Electric and Magnetic Circuits. EE52 D irect C urrent M achinery . Mr. Jenkins. Pall Sem ester Theory o f direct-current generators and motors; fundamentals o f control for direct-current machines; effect o f control on motor characteristics; rotating ampli­ fiers and their use in closed-cycle control systems. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: E E ll Electric and Magnetic Grcuits. EE53 A lternating Current Circuits and A pparatus. M r. Jenkins Spring Semester Relations o f simple harmonic electromotive forces and currents, power, power factor; single phase circuits; polyphase circuits, balanced and unbalanced. The construction, characteristics, and operation o f alternators, induction motors, trans­ formers, synchronous motors, mercury arc rectifiers and their regulating and control devices. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE51 Direct Current Apparatus. EE54 A lternating Current G rcuit T heory . M r. Barus. Fall Sem ester A systematic study o f single and polyphase electric circuits under steady state conditions. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: E E ll Electric and Magnetic Grcuits. EE55 Electronics. M r. Garrahan* Spring Sem ester M otion o f charged particles in electric and magnetic fields; thermionic emission; the high vacuum diode; electrical discharges in gases; rectifiers and thyratrons; power supplies and filters; the triode; multi-electrode tubes; voltage amplifiers. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE54 A . C. Circuit Theory. EE56 Engineering A nalysis I. M r. McCtumm. Pall Sem ester Formulation and application o f the method o f engineering analysis based upon fundamental physical laws, mathematics, and practical engineering considerations. Emphasis is placed on the professional approach to the analysis o f new, bona fide engineering problems. A study is made o f the common physical and mathe­ matical aspects shared by different systems such as mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustical. The theory and application o f ordinary differential equations is systematically covered. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: E E ll Electric and Magnetic Circuits, and Integral Calculus. 95 EE57 Engineering A nalysis II. M r. McCrumm. Spring Sem ester Further analysis o f physical systems, employing the follow ing branches of mathe­ matics: Gamma and Bessell functions, Fourier series and other infinite series, partial differential equations, and boundary value problems, conformal mapping, dimensional analysis, the Laplace transform. Three class periods per week. Prerequisite: EE56 Engineering Analysis I. EE58 Electrical M achinery I. M r. Jenkins. Pall Sem ester Physical aspects o f electromechanical energy conversions; conversions and princ­ iples o f such conversions; basic concepts o f machine performance and the analysis o f rotating electrical machinery and transformers; D -C machines, analysis o f performance and applications. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: A.C. Circuit Theory. EE59 Electrical M achinery II. M r. Jenkins. Spring Sem ester Synchronous machines, performance, effects o f saturation and saliency; polyphase induction machines; fractional horsepower motors; rotating control devices; self-synchronous machines; electrical transients and the dynamics o f coupled systems. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE58 Electrical Machinery I. EE60 V acuum T ube Circuits. M r. Garrahan. Pall Sem ester A n introduction to the analysis and design o f circuits containing vacuum tubes. The circuits studied include: voltage and power amplifiers; modulators and detectors; oscillators and pulse generators. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: EE54 A . C. Circuit Theory; EE55 Electronics, and EE57 Engineer­ ing Analysis II, or equivalent. EE61 N etworks. *M ifl Sem ester A study o f electrical networks, such as artificial lines, transmission lines with distributed parameters, and electric wave filters. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisites: EE54 A . C. Circuit Theory, and EE57 Engineering Analysis II. EE62 Fields. s PrinS Sem ester A n introduction to electromagnetic field theory. The topics discussed are: M axwell's hypothesis; propagation and reflection o f electromagnetic waves; antennas; wave guides and resonant cavities. Three class periods per week; one laboratory each week. Prerequisite: EE61 Networks. EE71 Electrical Engineering T hesis. Staff. A n engineering thesis may be substituted for a course or for the examination on the subject matter covered in a seminar, by special arrangement with the staff. H onors The four follow ing seminars are offered by the Department to prepare in part for examinations for a degree with Honors. Students w ho plan to take honors seminars in Electrical Pngineering should note that Circuit Theory is a desirable preparation for Electronics (although not a prerequisite if a seminar in Electricity and Magnetism has been taken). Adequate training in electrical machinery, and the Circuit Theory seminar or its equivalent, are prerequisites for the seminar in Servomechanisms. Some knowledge o f A . C. Circuit Theory is a prerequisite for the Machinery Seminar. 96 Friends Meeting House nH 101. Circuit T heory . A systematic treatment o f the transient and steady-state analysis o f electrical net­ works. The operational methods o f analysis based on complex algebra and the Laplace Transform are studied. These methods are then used to investigate the performance o f single and polyphase systems, the general two-terminal pair, long transmission lines, and electric wave filters. The seminar is accompanied by a full-day laboratory. 102. Electronics. A study o f electron ballistics and the characteristics o f electron tubes and their application in amplifiers, modulators, detectors, oscillators, pulse generators, etc. Some elementary aspects o f radiation and ultra-high frequency techniques may be included. The seminar is accompanied by a full-day laboratory. 103. Servomechanisms. A systematic investigation o f the characteristics o f closed cycle control systems and their components. The mechanisms may be any combination o f electrical, thermal, mechanical or hydraulic systems. Synthesis rather than analysis is stressed thus requiring use o f the more powerful methods o f the Laplace transform, and a study o f transfer function loci and equations in the complex domain. Modern techniques are employed; extensive reading in the literature is expected o f each student. There is one full-day laboratory per week, in addition to the seminar. 104. M achinery . A n intensive study o f the basic aspects shared in common by transformers and rotating electrical machinery. A further study o f the operating characteristics and the engineering application o f electrical machines as specific direct current and alternating current devices. There is one full-day laboratory per week, in addition to the seminar. 97 M echanical Engineering Professor: W illiam J. Cope , Chairman A ssistant Professors: Frederick S. B urrell B ernard M orrill ! Philip C. Prager The curriculum in Mechanical Engineering is planned to develop the student through scientific training for positions in manufacturing industries, with organizations engaged in power production, and in the field o f transportation. Based upon the fundamental sciences o f physics, chemistry, and mathematics, the program aims to provide a background for the solution o f the variety o f problems related to the design, con­ struction and operation o f engineering equipment used in industrial establishments. The arrangement o f courses is intended also to prepare mechanical engineers for such activities as those which deal with fabrication o f products and the eventual assump­ tion o f managerial responsibilities, as well as research and development work leading to new products. Coincident with the need for a broad and fundamental technical training, all o f the engineering profession should be conscious o f the impact upon society resulting from their efforts. T o stimulate this awareness, students are encouraged to choose electives in the Humanities and Social Sciences throughout their undergraduate careers. Standard Program for Course Students Junior Year ME51 EE51 CE51 ME61 Fall Sem ester Thermodynamics I D . C. Apparatus Mechanics o f Materials & Lab Applied Mechanics Spring Semester ME52 Thermodynamics II ME54 Fluid Mechanics EE53 A . C. Apparatus & Circuits Elective Senior Y ear ME53 Thermodynamics III ME55 Adv. Fluids and Heat Transfer ME63 Kinematics and Design Elective ME62 Adv. Strength o f Materials ME64 Engineering Design GE51 Industrial Management Elective ME51 T hermodynamics I. M r. Cope. Energy and first law o f thermodynamics; application o f general energy equation to steady-flow and non-flow processes; properties o f liquids; vapors, gases, mix­ tures; reversible cycles; second law o f thermodynamics; entropy. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: Integral Calculus. ME52 T hermodynamics II. M r. Cope. Extension o f ME51; analysis o f steam cycles basic to modern power plant prac­ tice; heat balance calculations; flow o f elastic fluids through nozzles and orifices; combustion; air-conditioning; refrigeration. Study o f application o f fundamental principles as exemplified in steam power stations with emphasis upon design and test o f fuel firing equipment, furnaces, boilers, air preheaters, economizers; aux­ iliary equipment such as pumps, condensers, fans. Class and laboratory investi­ gations supplemented by field trips. Prerequisite: ME51. t Absent on leave, 1952-53. 98 ME53 T hermodynamics III. > M r. Prager. Extension o f ME51 and M E52; analysis o f gas cycles basic to internal combustion engine practice; behavior o f real gases and mixtures; general thermodynamic equations; combustion o f liquid and gaseous fuels; gas compression. Study o f application o f fundamental principles as demonstrated in design, test and operation o f spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines, gas turbines and compressors. Class and laboratory investigations supplemented by field trips. Prerequisites: ME51 and ME52. ME54 Fluid M echanics. Mr. Prager. An introductory course in fluid statics; kinematics; equation o f continuity; steady flow energy and momentum; dynamics o f an ideal fluid; dimensional analysis and similitude; incompressible flow in closed conduits and compressibility phenomena. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: Integral Calculus, ME51, Thermodynamics. ME55 A dvanced Fluid M echanics and H eat T ransfer. Theory o f fluid mechanics in turbines, pumps, fans, jets, fluid couplings, funda­ mental principles o f heat transfer by conduction, free and forced convection, radiation; parallel and counterflow heat exchangers; insulated pipes and related equipment; relation to practical engineering problems. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: ME54 Fluid Mechanics. ME61 A pplied M echanics. The development o f fundamental concepts in problems dealing with mechanical vibrations; Euler’s equation; theories o f failure; metallurgical problems in design; use o f statistical analysis and theory o f probability for solving engineering problems. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: Integral Calculus. ME62 A dvanced Strength of M aterials. Review o f stress and strain; torsion; bending; beams on elastic foundations; thick cylinders; failure o f metals under stress; plastic flow ; influence o f stress concentration and working stresses. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: ME61 A pplied Mechanics. ME63 K inematics and D esign. A study o f the complex motions and velocities o f machine linkwork and gearing; design o f cams, screws, fastenings, belts, straight and curved frames, gears and shafting. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: ME61 Applied Mechanics. ME64 Engineering D esign. Design o f elements under rotational stress; various classifications o f fits; vibra­ tion analysis leading to isolation and engine balancing; lubrication and bearing design; design o f machine assemblies. Three class periods per week; one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisite: ME63 Kinematics and Design. ME71 M echanical Engineering T hesis. Staff. W ith departmental approval, an undergraduate may undertake a thesis project as a portion o f the program in the senior year. 99 English Literature Professors: Philip M arshall H icks, Chairman G eorge J. B ecker Everett L. H unt T ownsend Scudder, 3rd f Elizabeth Cox W right A ssociate Professors: Frederic S. K lees Stephen E. W hicherI A ssistant Professors: D avid C owden Bruce D earing W illiam W a Sserstrom I nstructors : H elen M . H all (part-time) Barbara P earson Lange (part-time) L ecturer : R obert E. Spiller This department might more properly be called the Department o f Literature in PngligR since it offers a study both o f literature originally written in the English language and o f works translated from other tongues. Literature is considered as a fine art, as a cultural record, and as a guide to the student s interpretation o f his ow n experience in life. The program o f courses and seminars comprises four approaches to the subject: the intensive study o f the work o f major writers, examina­ tion o f the literature produced in certain limited periods, the historical development o f the major literary types, and the grouping o f various types or forms on the basis o f their subject matter or point o f view. The general purposes o f this study are the broadening o f the student’s understanding and enjoyment o f literature, the de­ velopment o f a basis for intelligent criticism, and the provision o f a foundation for further study in the field. Stress is also laid upon accurate reading and writing through critical explication o f texts and criticism o f student papers. R equirements for M ajors in C ourse The work o f the major in this department in course normally consists o f at least four full courses in the department, including Modern Literature in the first year, either Chaucer or M ilton in the second year, a full course or two half courses in one o f the types (numbers 21-28 below ) in the third year, and Shakespeare and the Senior Conference in the final year. The comprehensive examination at the close o f the senior year is based on this work, but also includes questions on other courses offered by the department for those prepared in these fields. A reading list in English and American literature is given to all majors to act as a guide in the selection o f courses and to independent reading in preparation for the Senior Confer­ ence. Majors are expected to take a semester’s work in either Fine Arts or Music and are advised to take a semester’ s work in some foreign literature. Students ex­ pecting to do graduate work shall acquire a reading knowledge in the languages required by the schools they propose to attend. f Absent on leave, 1952*53. 100 206272 Courses 1. M odbrn Literature: Introduction to Literary Study. Staff. Each Sem ester A n introduction to the critical study o f the four principal types o f literature: poetry, drama, novel, and non-fictional prose. The materials are drawn chiefly from modern American literature for the purpose o f emphasizing the relationship o f literature to life through the study o f works produced from backgrounds familiar to the student in terms o f his ow n experience. Prerequisite to all other literature courses offered by the department. 5. Composition . M r. Cowden and M r. Wasserstrom. Each Sem ester Training in the writing o f non-fictional prose. Designed to meet the require­ ments o f Engineering and Pre-Medical students. Other students admitted on the basis o f need for this work. 11. M ilton and the 17th Century . M r. Hunt and Mrs. W right. Each Sem ester Paradise L ost, selections from M ilton’s shorter poems, T he O ld Testam ent, Bunyan’s Pilgrim !s Progress, and the lyrics o f John D onne are read. Study is made o f narrative, epic, and lyric writing, and the relationship o f the literature to the thought o f the period. 12. Chaucer . M r. Klees and M r. Scudder. Spring Semester Reading o f T roilus and Criseyde, T he Canterbury T ales and some o f the minor poems in the original M iddle English, with greater attention to the literary than to the linguistic aspects. 21. English Poetry. Mrs. W right. Each Sem ester English poetry from the Ballads to the Augustans, with a study o f the principles o f poetic criticism and a detailed examination o f two or three poets. Emphasis w ill be placed on the Spenserian and the metaphysical strains in the 16th and 17th centuries. This course is prerequisite to other courses in English poetry, and may be taken by juniors and seniors in either semester. It is not open to freshmen, and to sophomores only in the second semester. 23, 24. T he N ovel. M r. Hicks and M r. Cowden. The first semester covers the development o f the English novel from Fielding to T rollope with emphasis on the chronicle form prevalent during this period. In contrast, the second semester emphasizes developments in technique and content from Meredith to the present day. Credit given for either semester, but students desiring both should take them in the regular sequence. 25. Comedy. M r. Klees. Vail Sem ester Dramatic comedy in its various forms, English and American, with particular attention to the Elizabethan, Restoration, ana modern periods. 26. T ragedy. M r. Klees. Spring Sem ester Dramatic tragedy from the Agam em non trilogy to D eath o f a Salesman, with emphasis on Elizabethan and modern American tragedy. 27. Biography and T ravel. M r. Klees. Fall Sem ester Biography from Pepys to the present, with stress on the times as w ell as the lives; representative travel literature from Hakluyt to D os Passes. 101 28. Social Criticism. M r. Becker. Fall Sem ester 1953 The reactions o f such major figures as Carlyle, M ill, Henry Adams, Bellamy and Morris to the changed conditions o f life after the Industrial Revolution. An attempt is made both to analyze the social comment or protest in individual works and to explore the part that social forces play in modern literature. 31-32. A merican A uthors. M r. Wasserstrom. Full Course Interpretation and comparison o f some major writings by significant American authors. Texts include Franklin, A utobiography; Hawthorne, T he Scarlet L etter; Thoreau, W alden ; M elville, M oby D ick ; Twain, H uckleberry Finn; Adams, Education, which should be read in advance o f the course. A year course, not ordinarily divisible. 33. Satire. M r. Dearing. Spring Sem ester A n historically oriented consideration o f some o f the principal satires in w orld literature, with emphasis upon interpretation and evaluation as literature. 34. Romanticism . M r. Becker. Fall Semester The general modification o f European sensibility as reflected in the literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. 35. R ealism. M r. Becker. Spring Semester A study o f realism as a literary movement. Beginning with Madame Bovary, the course traces the development o f realistic techniques and concepts in Zola, in the Russians, and in American writers such as Norris, Dreiser, and Farrell. 41. Elizabethan Literature. M r. Klees. Comprehensive study o f the literature o f the period, exclusive o f the work o f Shakespeare. 42. Shakespeare. M r. Wasserstrom. Each Sem ester A study o f the major plays. N ot open to majors in this department. 49. A rgument . M r. Becker. Each Semester The analysis and orderly presentation o f large bodies o f material in speech and writing. The work comprises a series o f short analytical papers, a research paper o f some magnitude (usually correlated with the work o f another course) and a series o f argumentative speeches. Admission only with consent o f the instructor. 51-52. Shakespeare. Staff. Fall Sem ester A study o f the complete works o f Shakespeare, tracing the development o f his craftsmanship and ideas. For majors in this department only; normally offered in seminar form in the first semester o f the senior year. 54. Senior Conference . Staff. Spring Sem ester G roup meetings o f departmental majors held in the second semester o f the senior year for the purpose o f reviewing, integrating, and supplementing the student’s course program. 56. Literary Criticism. M r. Hunt. Spring Semester The theories and doctrines o f English literary criticism and their background. G reek Literature Latin Literature in in T ranslation (Greek 3 6 ). T ranslation (Latin 37). 102 Miss North. Miss North. W riting Speaking and Students in need o f training in Composition may be required to take tutorial work or to complete Course 5 before entering the junior year. Instruction in Public Speaking is given weekly, by Mrs. Lange, in a non-credit course. Students are asked to prepare and deliver formal and informal speeches, introductions, presentations, and to partake in roundtable discussions. Frequent record­ ings o f each student are made to aid in self-criticism. Extra-curricular student groups for practice in creative writing, acting, and debating meet with members o f the departmental faculty. A special course in English for foreign students is offered by Mrs. Helen Hall. Selected readings in American Civilization are used, and intensive practice in writing and speaking is provided. The course may be given either as a half-course for one semester, or as a full course for the entire year. Mrs. Hall also provides individual or group work in remedial reading and methods o f study for students referred to her by the Deans or other members o f the faculty. N o academic credit is given, but students who need this work may be required to drop other courses in order to make room for it. H onors W ork Prerequisites: The course requirements for a major in honors are the same as for a major in course, Modern Literature and either Chaucer or M ilton. The election o f an additional course in the sophomore year is advised when the schedule permits it, and The History o f England is also recommended. For admission with a minor in this department, the requirement is one year o f work, including Modern Literature. Program : Majors in honors must take four seminars in the department, including Shakespeare and one o f the types seminars from G roup II. Minors in honors may enroll in any two or three o f the seminars offered as may seem best suited to the purposes o f their w hole program. Seminars: The follow ing seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors. G roup I 101. Shakespeare. M r. Becker, Mr. Cowden, M r. Dearing, M r. Hicks and Mrs. W right. Each Semester A study o f the mind and art o f Shakespeare as dramatist and poet. The emphasis is on the major plays, with a more rapid reading o f the remainder o f his work. Students are advised to read through the whole o f the plays before entering the seminar. 102. M ilton and the 17th Century . M r. Hunt Milton, Donne, and the poetry o f the Bible. Fall Sem ester 103. Chaucer . M r. Klees and M r. Scudder. Pall Semester A study o f Chaucer's poetry and age. Group II 105. Poetry. Mrs. W right. Spring Semester Chiefly late 19th century poetry. The basic elements o f poetic expression, thought, imagery, and sound are studied separately, and then brought together in the investigation o f four long poems. 103 106. D rama . M r. Hicks and M r. Klees. Spring Semester Survey o f the development o f the drama in England and America follow ing a preliminary study o f classic drama. 107. N ovel. Mrs. W right and M r. Cowden. Each Semester Chiefly late 19th century. Principles o f aesthetics applied to the novel form are developed from the study o f selected novels outside the Victorian tradition. 108. Literary Criticism. M r. Hunt. Spring Semester English literary criticism from Sidney to Pater, with some study o f classical backgrounds and contemporary developments. G roup 111 110. Comparative Literature. M r. Becker. Each Semester Using the realistic movement as a starting point, this seminar considers some o f the major themes and philosophic attitudes embodied in recent literature. The chief figures studied are Flaubert and Z ola; Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Chekhov; and Mann, Joyce, and Faulkner. 111. Social Criticism. M r. Becker. Spring Sem ester 1954 The development o f social criticism as a major constituent o f Modern English and American literature. 112. T he English A ugustans. M r. Dearing. Spring Sem ester A study o f ideas and forms in the works o f Dryden, Pope, Swift, and Johnson. The intent is primarily to evaluate the literary achievement o f four major authors, and to relate them on the one hand to the literature o f Greece and Rome, and on the other to philosophical and literary currents o f the Eighteenth Century. 113. A merican Literature. M r. Spiller. Fall Semester A study o f the major writers in this field. 120. Problems of Literary Study . Mrs. W right. Fall Sem ester This seminar gives training in bibliography, selection o f problems for critical writing, and leads to the presentation o f a thesis. Students read and criticise each other’s work at intervals and confer individually with the instructor. 130. Linguistic Science. M r. Reuning. (Germ an.) Admitted as a seminar in English for majors w ho concentrate on English or American language problems; may also be considered as a minor for students majoring in the department. 104 Fine Arts Professor: R obert M . W alker , Chairman A ssistant Professor: H edley H. R hys The aim o f the Department is to study the historical-cultural significance and aesthetic value o f architecture, sculpture, painting and graphic art (prints and drawings). Methods and problems o f criticism are considered: observation, analysis, interpretation and evaluation. Instruction is given by means o f original works o f art as w ell as by the usual visual aids. Field trips are made to public and private collections in N ew York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington and to significant examples o f architecture in those areas. Since it is the objective o f the Department to foster an intelligent comprehension o f the visual arts rather than to train professional artists, no courses in drawing, painting and sculpture are offered for credit. However, instruction in such work is available under the extracurricular Arts and Crafts Program. Requirements and R ecommendations Prerequisites: Majors in course and majors and minors in honors must take the full year course Fine Arts 1, 2. For other students the prerequisite for all advanced courses is one semester o f Fine Arts 1, 2 only (i. e., Fine Arts 1 or Fine Arts 2 ) . Sequence o f C ourses: W henever possible, majors w ill take advanced courses in their numerical order. For other students advanced courses need not be taken in numerical sequence. M ajors in C ourse: The program o f a major consists o f at least eight half courses (including Fine Arts 1-2) in the Department. The courses supporting this program depend on the needs o f the individual student and may be found in both the Division o f the Humanities and the Division o f the Social Sciences. M ajors and M inors in H onors: Majors in honors take four seminars in the Depart­ ment. In special cases the seminar in Aesthetics may be substituted for one in Fine Arts. A minor in honors usually consists o f two seminars. The seminars offered in any one semester vary according to the requirements o f the students and the con­ venience o f the Department. Language Requirem ents fo r Graduate Schools: Students are advised that graduate work in Fine Arts usually demands a knowledge o f French or German. Courses 1, 2. Introduction to A rt H istory. M r. Rhys and M r. Walker. Pull Course Pine A rts 1 (F all sem ester). Consideration is given in the first four weeks to basic problems o f the nature o f the work o f art, the factors o f influence upon its conception, formation and development (geographic, social, economic, etc.), the principles o f value judgments, and methods o f analysis. A limited number o f representative examples o f architecture, sculpture, and painting are studied within the historical context o f the civilizations and cultural epochs which pro­ duced them: Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and Medieval France. Fine A rts 2 (Spring sem ester). European and American architecture, sculpture and painting from the fifteenth century to the present day are studied from the same points o f view and with the same methods as in the first semester. Three hours o f lectures a week and one bi-weekly conference hour. 105 11. D esign in D rawing and Painting . M r. Rhys. Spring Sem ester The basic elements o f design and their function in drawing and painting. Types o f harmony, sequence and balance such as linear, tonal and spacial. The methods o f design and representation that characterize the various historical styles. Practical exercises required demand no special technical aptitude, since the purpose o f the course is to develop a critical understanding o f drawing and painting and not technical skill. 12. A ncient A rt . M r. Walker. Vail Sem ester The development o f the forms o f architecture, sculpture and painting as express­ ing various cultural patterns o f ancient civilizations: Egypt, Iran, Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome. 13. M edieval A rt . M r. W alker. Spring Semester A study o f the relationship between art and society in Europe and the Near East from the fourth through the fourteenth centuries. The ideas and institutions which were instrumental in shaping Christian art during its formative stages o f development. Special emphasis is placed on the Romanesque and G othic periods in France: the abbey and the cathedral. 14. Italian Renaissance A rt . Mr. Rhys. Vail Sem ester A study o f certain aspects o f the Renaissance in Italy as expressed in architecture, sculpture and painting. Emphasis is placed on such great masters as Donatello, Masaccio, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and Titian. 15. N orthern R enaissance and Baroque Painting . Mr. Walker. Spring Sem ester Developments in painting and drawing during the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven­ teenth centuries in France, the Netherlands, Germany and Spain through the study o f individual artists such as the Van Eycks, Roger van der W eyden, Jean Fouquet, Dürer, Gruenewald, Holbein, El Greco, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Poussin and Velasquez. 16. M odern Painting . M r. Rhys. Vail Sem ester Important stylistic developments in European painting from the French Revolu­ tion to 1939: the meanings o f the various movements and their relationship to changing social and political attitudes. 17. A merican A rt . M r. Rhys. Vail Sem ester Architecture, sculpture and painting in North America from the Colonial Period to the present day, their connection with European art and their significance as a reflection o f American culture. 18. M odern Building. M r. W alker. Spring Sem ester A n introduction to the nature o f architecture and the function o f the architect through a study o f developments in European and American building during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The specific influence o f economic, tech­ nological and social changes upon design and structure. Emphasis placed on the study o f original examples in the Philadelphia area and on the work, o f such men as Sullivan, W right, Mies van der Rohe, Gropius and Le Corbusier. The prerequisite o f Fine Arts 1-2 is waived for students in Engineering. H onors Se m in a r s 101. Italian R enaissance Painting . M r. Rhys. A study and analysis o f painting in Italy from Giotto to Titian: the decisive contributions o f the outstanding masters to its stylistic development and its rela­ tionship to the Renaissance movement as a whole. 106 102. N orthern Renaissance and Baroque Painting . Mr. Walker. Developments in painting and drawing during the fifteenth, sixteenth and seven­ teenth centuries in France, the Netherlands, Germany and Spain through the study o f individual masters such as the Van Eycks, Roger van der W eyden, Jean Fouquet, Albrecht Durer, Gruenewald, Holbein, El Greco, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Poussin and Velasquez. 103. M odern Painting . Mr. Rhys. Important stylistic developments in European painting from the French Revolution to 1939: the meanings o f the various movements and their relationship to changing social and political attitudes. 104. M aster Print M akers. Mr. Walker. A consideration o f certain problems in the history o f the graphic arts. A study o f the significance o f the work o f such men as Schongauer, Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, Daumier, Munch and Rouault for the development o f expression in the media o f the woodcut, engraving, etching, aquatint and lithography. Students work almost exclusively with original material in the Print Room o f the Phila­ delphia Museum and the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection in Jenkintown. 107 } H istory Professor: M ary A lbertson , Chairman A ssociate Professors: Paul H . B e k * ' James A. Field, Jr . L aurence D . Lafore Frederick B. T olles (part-time) * Instructors : Robert D . C ross R ichard W . Lym an Joh n L. T eall L ecturer : T heodore H . V o n Laue The introductory courses (1 -5 ) as w ell as some o f the more advanced courses are designed primarily to familiarize students with contemporary American civilization; its European backgrounds; England’s influence, particularly through her literature, her law, and her constitution; and the heritage and the place in the w orld o f the United States itself. There is another group o f courses (1 1 -1 4 ) which are intended to introduce history majors as w ell as majors in other departments to the understand­ ing o f a foreign culture. R equirements for and M ajors R ecommendations and M inors History 1-2 should be taken in the freshman year if possible. The work o f the major in course normally consists o f at least six additional half courses in the depart­ ment, including one or two half courses in American history (4 and 5 ) in the sopho­ more year, at least one half course in English history, and Special Topics in the senior year. The comprehensive examination includes a choice o f general questions on the fields o f European, English, and American history and also a choice o f questions on other history courses elected by the individual. Sensibly planned election o f related courses in other departments should begin in the sophomore year. Suitable electives in other departments which are open to sophomores are: Political Science 12; Classics 31 or 34; Fine Arts 1 and 2; Philosophy 13 or 14; Economics 19-20; English Literature 11, 12, 28, 31-32, or 35; any foreign language or literature. Languages which are most useful to students o f history and which are required by many graduate schools are French and German. French 7-8 or German 7-8 may be taken by those w ho wish a second foreign language. The requirement for acceptance as a major in history at the end o f the sophomore year is successful completion o f course 1-2 and a C average in 18 half courses. The department recommends that a course major in the junior and senior years group his electives in such a way as to make a coherent program. The department records the field o f special competence o f its majors so that the information can be * On leave of absence, 1952-53. 108 given in letters o f recommendation, etc., when it is desirable; and selection o f questions in the comprehensive examination may be guided by these interests. A major in history may, fo r example, be described as a major in history with emphasis on the social sciences, or with emphasis on American civilization or on French civilization, or with emphasis on international relations or on Russian studies. The student planning to apply for work in honors either as a major or minor should follow in general the same program as the course major dining his first two years. He should normally, if he has room for history in his program during his sophomore year, choose either a half course in American history (4 , 5 ) or a half course in English history ( 3 ) , as background for later work in honors in those fields. If the choice has to be made between a second course in American history and a first course in English history, the latter should be chosen. C ourses 1-2. Europe. A ll members o f the department. Full Course One o f the basic courses in the curriculum. It is intended to be an introduction to the study, understanding, and use o f history. It is a requirement for gradu­ ation fo r all students in the divisions o f the humanities and the social sciences, and it is a prerequisite to all other work in history. It begins with a brief discussion o f the classical backgrounds o f European civilization and ends with a brief discussion o f post-war Europe. Sections are small enough for discussion. 3. England . Miss Albertson. A survey o f the history o f the English people from the middle ages to the present day. 4. T he U nited States Before 1865. M r. Field. Fall Sem ester A n advanced course on American history. Special help on the writing o f long papers is given in connection with this course. 5. T he U nited States Sincb 1865. M r. Field. Spring Semester A n advanced course on American history. 11. T he O ther A merican Republics. M r. Lafore. T he emphasis is on M exico, Brazil, and Argentina. This is recommended for majors in Spanish as well as for majors in history, and as a general elective. 12. France. Miss Albertson. The history o f France from Roman times to the present day. This is recom­ mended fo r majors in French as well as for majors in history and as a general elective. 13. G brmany . The history o f modern Germany from the Napoleonic era to the present. This is recommended for majors in German as w ell as for majors in history and as a general elective. 14. R ussia. M r. Beik or M r. V o n Laue. Fall Sem ester The history o f modern Russia. The course begins with the reign o f Peter and gives half its time to the period since the Revolution. 21. Q uakerism. M r. Tolies. (N o t offered in 1952-53). The history o f the Society o f Friends to the present day. The characteristic re­ ligious and social ideas o f the Quakers are considered in their historical setting. A large part o f the reading is done in the original sources. It may be taken without a prerequisite. 109 51. T he W estward M ovement . M r. Field. European colonization, the struggle for North America, westward expansion, sectional development, problems o f growth and integration o f newly settled regions. Open to juniors and seniors only. 52. M odern Britain . M r. Lafore. The development o f a modern industrial society and welfare state. juniors and seniors only. 53. T he French Revolution and N apoleon . Open to Mr. Beik. (N o t offered in 1952-53) The significance o f the period 1789-1815 in the development o f modern European social theories and political institutions. Open to juniors and seniors only. 54. M edieval Europe. Mr. Teall. The history o f western Europe from the decline o f the Roman Empire through the thirteenth century. Open to juniors and seniors only. 55. T he Renaissance. Miss Albertson. The history o f the period1 o f the Renaissance in Europe. seniors only. 56. A merican D iplomatic H istory. Open to juniors and Mr. Field. This course considers official United States foreign policy as a part o f the larger problem o f American participation in w orld affairs. 65. Special T opics. A ll members o f the department. Spring Semester Individual programs are planned to prepare majors in history for the compre­ hensive examinations. The discussion o f review problems, o f papers, and o f reading is conducted in groups and in individual conferences with the instructor. H onors Seminars The follow ing seminars are offered by the department to juniors and seniors to prepare fo r the examinations for a degree with Honors. They may be taken in any combination. The prerequisite is History 1-2 except in the seminars for which an additional prerequisite is indicated. Am erican H istory 102. Problems in A merican H istory. Mr. Field. Selected topics in the history o f the United States. Open only to students who have taken course 4 or an equivalent approved by the instructor. 103. Problems in A merican H istory: Foreign. Mr. Field. A study o f the United States in the w orld community. It takes into account wars, industrial, technological and population changes abroad, and changes in national attitudes at home, with special reference for instance to the Louisiana Purchase, the M onroe Doctrine, the Mexican W ar, the problem o f the Pacific, and the W orld W ars. Open only to students w ho have taken course 4 or an equivalent approved by the instructor. 104. T he Supreme Court . M r. Cross. (N o t offered in 1953-54.) For seniors. The emphasis is on common law cases and principles. The work in this seminar is not designed to anticipate or overlap the courses in constitu­ tional law offered in law schools. 110 English H istory 106. M edieval England. Miss Albertson. The period from 1066 to 1485. 108. T udor and Stuart England. Miss Albertson. The period from 1485 to 1688. Open only to students w ho have taken course 3. 109. M odern England. M r. Lafore. The nineteenth century. Open only to students who have taken Course 3. European H istory 111. Medieval Europe. The civilization o f the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 112. T he Renaissance and Reformation. Miss Albertson. Europe from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. 114. Europe 1760 to 1870. Mr. Beik or Mr. Lyman. The decay o f the old regime and the rise o f liberalism. 115. Europe 1870 to 1939: M odern Europe. Mr. Lafore. Political and social changes which preceded the second w orld war. 116. Europe 1870 to 1939: D iplomatic History. Mr. Lafore. The management o f international affairs and problems. 117. Europe 1900 to the Present: Eastern Europe. Mr. V on Laue. (N o t offered in 1953-54.) The internal development o f Russia and Russia’s cultural and political position in eastern Europe. T hesis (120) A thesis may be substituted for one o f the honors examinations by special per­ mission o f the department. The topic should be selected and approved by the end o f the junior year. It must be finished and a copy filed in the Library by the middle o f the senior year. Ill International Relations Students w ho plan to enter upon a career in the field o f international relations should include in their programs, during the first tw o years, the introductory courses in economics, history, and political science and should complete the intermediate course in one or more modern languages. Advanced courses selected from the groups listed below may be incorporated in the programs o f students w ho do their major work in economics, history, political science, or a modern language. Those students w ho wish to concentrate in international relations may take their Senior Comprehensive Examination in this field. Students preparing for this examina­ tion should take eight, nine, or ten half courses from among those listed below, including all o f those listed in G roup I, one or more in G roup II, and one or more in G roup III. The examination is administered by a committee appointed by the chairmen o f the Departments o f Economics, History, and Political Science, under the Chairmanship o f the Department o f Political Science. G roup 1 Political Science 12. I nternational Politics Political Science 13. International Law and O rganization Political Science 57-58. A merican Foreign Policy Economics 60. International Economics G roup II History 3. England History 11. T he O ther A merican R epublics History 12. Francb History 13. G ermany History 14. R ussia G roup III Political Science 15. Comparative G overnments Political Science 16. D emocracy and D ictatorship Economics 17. India and Pakistan Political Science 18. T he British W elfare State Russian Studies 19-20. Soviet Economics and Politics Students w ho plan to enter the honors program w ill find it possible to select a similar combination o f courses and seminars in the field o f international relations. In planning such programs, they should consult with the chairmen o f their prospective major departments. 112 Mathematics Professor: H einrich B rinkm an n , Chairman A ssociate Professor: Philip W . C arruth Instructors : Edgar R. M ullins, Jr . D avid R osen Pure mathematics is an abstract subject and may be looked upon as the model o f a deductive science. O n the other hand, the subject matter o f mathematics has for the most part arisen out o f concrete applications to the physical sciences, among which geometry occupies a central position. The courses offered in the department o f Mathematics attempt to combine these points o f view and to give a picture o f the power and beauty o f the subject when studied for its ow n sake, as well as its many relations to other ¿elds o f thought. The study o f mathematics is essential as a tool for the understanding o f the principles o f the physical sciences and engineering; a knowledge o f its techniques is indispensable for a successful pursuit o f these subjects. The same is becoming increasingly true in the biological sciences and in some o f the social sciences. For students w ho intend to major in mathematics in course, the normal sequence o f courses is the follow ing: Freshman year, courses 1-2; Sophomore year, courses 11-12; Junior and Senior years, tw o half-courses selected each year from courses 13, 14, 15, 51, 52, 53, 54. T he completion o f Physics 1-2 is strongly recommended. In order to be admitted to honors seminars in mathematics, either as a major or as a minor, a student must have completed courses 1-2 and 11-12. A n honors student whose major is mathematics must also take Physics 1-2; it is furthermore highly desirable that he have a reading knowledge o f French or German. A junior honors student w ill normally take the seminars in Advanced Calculus and Differential Equations; these seminars are offered each year. The remaining seminars are usually taken by senior students and are offered as they are required. 1-2. First Y ear M athematics. p un Course The subject matter studied in_ these courses constitutes an introduction to mathematical analysis. The principles and applications o f elementary calculus are studied as well as the relevant material from Algebra, Trigonometry and Ana­ lytical Geometry. This course Js required as a prerequisite for any further work in mathematics; it^ w ill also give a student w ho intends to take no such further work an introduction to mathematical principles and methods. It w ill not be possible to take Courses 1 or 2 as separate half-courses. 7. Introduction to M athematics. pm Sem ester The purpose o f this course is to acquaint the student with the principles and some o f the fundamental concepts o f mathematics, as w ell as to bring out its relationship to physical sciences. The course is planned for students w ho do not intend to take further work in mathematics or natural science and cannot be used as a prerequisite for other courses in mathematics. 113 11-12. D ifferential and Integral Calculus . Full Course These courses introduce the student to the principles and applications o f the calculus. They form a necessary basis for any further work in mathematics and are essential for an understanding o f the fundamentals o f physics and other sciences, as well as engineering. These courses constitute a full course and cannot be taken separately; both are usually offered in each semester. Beginning with the year 1953-54 the contents o f this course w ill be modified in order to agree with the changes now being made in Mathematics 1-2. Prerequisite: Courses 1-2. 13. H igher G eometry. Pall Semester Various kinds o f geometry (mostly in the plane) w ill be studied in this course, using both analytic and synthetic methods. A large part o f the work w ill deal with projective geometry and its relation to metric and other geometries. The conic sections w ill be studied in some detail. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12. 14. H igher A lgebra. Spring Sem ester The purpose o f this course is to introduce the student to some o f the abstract ideas that are fundamental in the subject o f algebra as well as to extend his knowledge o f certain algebraic techniques. Am ong the subjects studied are: Number systems, fields and their algebraic extensions, matrices and determinants, the solution o f algebraic equations, systems o f linear equations. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12. 15. Solid A nalytic G eometry. Fall Sem ester (N o t given in 1952-53.) Metric theory o f planes, lines and quadric surfaces in Euclidean three-dimensional space, emphasis on the use o f determinants and matrices. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12. 51. A dvanced Calculus . Fall Semester (N o t given in 1952-53.) This course deals with the differential calculus o f functions o f several variables and its geometric applications, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals, improper integrals and infinite series. The treatment is sufficiently rigorous to strengthen the student’s understanding o f the principles o f the calculus. A ppli­ cations to the physical sciences are given whenever possible. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12. 52. D ifferential Equations . Spring Semester A study o f ordinary differential equations, with applications to problems from geometry, physics and other sciences. Certain classical linear differential equa­ tions are also studied in some detail. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12, 51. 53. H ighbr A nalysis. Spring Sem ester (N o t given in 1952-53.) A number o f different subjects w ill be studied in this course, both because o f their intrinsic importance and in order to give the student practice in the processes o f analysis. Some o f the topics to be considered are: Fourier Series, with appli­ cations to physical problems; Orthogonal polynomials; Gamma Function; Elliptic Integrals; Functions o f a Complex Variable. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12, 51, 52 (Course 52 may be taken concurrently). 114 54. Probability and Statistics. Spring Sem ester This course deals with the mathematical theory o f statistics, based upon a study o f the theory o f probability. A n introduction to the theory o f sampling and statistical inference w ill be given. Prerequisites: Courses 1-2, 11-12, 51 (Course 51 may be taken concurrently). 60. Reading Coursb in M athematics. This course is to provide an opportunity for students to do special work in fields not covered by the undergraduate courses, listed above. The work consists in the preparation o f papers requiring extensive and detailed examination o f the literature o f a problem. H onors Seminars in M athematics 101. A dvanced Calculus. Vail Sem ester The subject matter o f this seminar includes the differential calculus o f functions' o f several variables, the elements o f vector analysis, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals, improper integrals, infinite series, uniform convergence o f infinite processes. The treatment o f these various subjects is sufficiently detailed to give the student an introduction to the rigorous processes o f analysis. 102. D ifferential Equations . Spring Sem ester This seminar begins with a formal treatment o f ordinary differential equations and their applications to various types o f problems. This is follow ed by a study o f existence theorems for ordinary differential equations, certain classical linear differential equations, Fourier series and a brief introduction to boundary value problems o f certain partial differential equations o f the second order. 103. Statistics and Probability. The purpose o f this seminar is to give the mathematical background necessary for an understanding o f the mathematical analysis o f statistical data. In addition, the m odem development o f this subject provides a valuable application o f the concepts and techniques acquired in the study o f advanced calculus. The topics treated include: the axiomatic approach, the use o f Stieltjes integrals, correlation and regression, some special distributions, sampling theory and a short introduction to the theory o f statistical estimation. 104. M odern A lgebra. This seminar deals with the theoretical properties o f such formal systems as groups, rings, fields and vector spaces. W h ile these concepts w ill be illustrated by many concrete examples, the emphasis w ill be on the abstract nature o f the subject; the student w ill thus be introduced to an important aspect o f modern mathematics. Am ong the speciljc topics to be studied are the algebra o f matrices, o f classes and o f ideals. 105. T heory of Functions of a Complex V ariable. A brief study o f the geometry o f complex numbers is follow ed by a detailed treatment o f the Cauchy theory o f analytical functions o f a complex variable. Various applications are given and some special classes o f functions, such as elliptic functions, are studied. Analytic continuation and the theory o f Weierstrass are briefly considered. 106. Foundations of M athematics. Postulational treatment o f mathematics. The problem o f consistency. Relation o f logic and mathematics. Some o f the systematic treatments o f the foundation o f logic. Modern developments. 115 107. D ifferential G eometry. The subject o f this seminar is the metric differential geometry o f curves and surfaces in three dimensional space. 108. T heory of N umbers. Am ong the subjects studied in this seminar are: E lem ental properties o f integers, the congruence relation, quadratic residues, certain quadratic forms, certain classical Diophantine equations, simple examples o f fields o f algebraic numbers. 116 M odern Languages and Literatures Professors: H arold M arch (French) Edith Philips, Chairman (French) A ssociate Professors: Lydia Baer (German) K arl R euning (German) James D. Sorber (Spanish) Leon W encelius (French) A ssistant Professors: H ilde D. Cohn (German) Elba A sensio (Spanish) Instructors : O lga Lamkert (Russian) Jeanne T heiss (French) The department o f modern languages and literatures aims to give its majors a comprehensive view o f the literature and culture represented by these languages, in relation to other humanistic studies. Courses are conducted in the language o f the literature being studied, and progress in the language is always one o f the aim»! The elementary and intermediate courses are designed to prepare the students for advanced work in literature as w ell as to meet college and departmental requirements. It is not impossible, with some extra reading, to major or to enter honors seminars in a language started in college. Prerequisites and recommended subjects for majors are noted under the listing o f each language section. French A ll students offering French for entrance are placed at the level where they w ill presumably profit best by the course, according to their rating in the College Entrance Examination or a test given by the department. French may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are die same for both course and honors students and are as follow s: Required: French 11-12 Introduction to Literature, or evidence o f equivalent work. French 6 Advanced Composition and Diction. Recommended supporting subjects: French History, History o f Modern Philosophy, Psychology, courses in other literatures, Fine Arts. Majors are expected to speak French with sufficient fluency to take part in discussion in courses and seminars in the language and to pass an oral comprehensive o t oial honors examination in French. N o te: A ll advanced courses are not offered every year. Students wishing a major or minor in French should plan their course carefully in advance with the department in order to get a w ell rounded program. 117 C o urses 1-2. Elementary French . For students who begin French in College. Equivalent to two years’ French in high school. The initial approach is oral but a foundation is laid for a reading knowledge. N o credit is given for French 1 alone. Both courses offered each semester. 3, 4. I ntermediate Frbnch . For students w ho have had French 1-2 or its equivalent (2 years’ French in high s ch o o l). Students w ho have had three years in high school usually enter French 4. Grammar is reviewed. Reading is from contemporary literature in French editions without notes or vocabulary. Every effort is made to help the student to increase his vocabulary and to discuss what he has read in the French language. Completion o f French 4 satisfies the language requirement. The normal course to follow French 4 is French 11. (Both courses are offered each semester.) 6. A dvanced Composition and D iction . Miss Theiss. For those w ho intend to major in French or w ho wish an advanced course in which the emphasis is not primarily literary. A n effort is made to correct faulty pronunciation and to improve self-expression in the language, both oral and written. 7-8. Elementary French (Special Reading Course). A special course designed for students who wish to acquire a reading knowledge o f French in a single year. French 7-8 may be used to fulfill the requirements o f certain departments or graduate schools, but not to satisfy the college foreign language requirement. 11, 12. I ntroduction to Literature. In Course 11 the transition is made from reading as an aid to language learning to the consideration o f literary values. The material is selected from classics of the nineteenth century, but it is not a systematic survey course. Prerequisite: French 4 or equivalent. In Course 12 the treatment is more historical with selected readings in Larousse editions from Rabelais to Rousseau. (B oth courses are offered each semester.) 14. Prose de la Renaissance. Readings from Rabelais, Calvin, Montaigne. 15. La Pensée D u 17e Siéclb. Descartes, Pascal, La Rochefoucauld and other prose writers o f the seventeenth century, their importance in the formation o f French "classicism.” 16. Les "P hilosophes.” Montesquieu, Voltaire, D iderot and Rousseau; their contribution to the develop­ ment o f the ideas on art, literature and society which characterize the French eighteenth century. 17. T héâtre C lassique. The plays o f Corneille, Racine and M olière and the growth o f the classic ideal in French literature. 118 18. T héâtre M oderne. The development o f the French theater from the breaking down o f the dom inan e o f the classical ideal in the eighteenth century. Plays o f Marivaux and Beau­ marchais. Theories o f Diderot. Characteristic examples o f the theater o f the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 20. Poésie M oderne. Baudelaire, the Symbolists, modern tendencies. 21. Littérature du M oyen A ge. Readings from medieval literature in modern French translations. 22. Rom an M oderne. Representative novelists from Balzac to the present. 23. Proust et G ide. (N o t given in 1951-52.) The dominant writers o f the early twentieth century. illustrate their importance in contemporary literature. Novels and essays which 24. Saint -Exupéry, M alraux , Sartre, Camus . Neo-humanism and contemporary tendencies. 30. M ouvement des Idées, Ideological background o f modern literature. 51. Special T opics. (F or senior majors.) Readings selected to fit the needs o f individual seniors and to supplement their selection o f courses. N ot designed to prepare for any specific type o f compre­ hensive examination but to give an opportunity in the senior year for the student to see his courses in perspective and to see possible relationships with work in other fields. H onors Seminars 100. Littérature du M oyen A ge. O ld French readings in lyric poety, theater and fiction. 101. La Renaissance bn France . Rabelais, Calvin, Montaigne, Ronsard et la Pléiade. 102. Lb T héâtre C lassique. Corneille, Racine, Molière. 103. L bs "P hilosophes." Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau. 104. Balzac , Stendhal, Flaubert. 105. Proust et G ide. 119 106. Poésie M oderne. Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, Mallarmé, Claudel, Valéry. W h ile some honors seminars treat the same subject matter as the courses, the read­ ing required is more extensive both in the texts and in critical material. The work o f a seminar corresponds to two half courses. German A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s : L y d i a B a e r K A s s is t a n t arl R e u n in g P r o f e s s o r : H il d e D . C o h n A ll students offering German for entrance are placed at the level where they can presumably profit best by the course, according to their rating in the College Entrance Examination or a test given by the department. German may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are the same for both course and honors students and are as follow s: Required: German 11-12. Introduction to German Literature. Recommended supporting subjects: A n advanced course in German literature, Shakespeare, Modern Philosophy, Psychology, Fine Arts, courses in other literatures, History o f Germany. As far as possible German is the language o f the classroom in all advanced courses and seminars. Since not all advanced courses and seminars are offered every year, students wishing a major or minor in German should plan their courses carefully in advance with the department in order to get a well rounded program. 1-2. Elementary G erman . Full Course For students w ho begin German in college. Equivalent o f tw o years’ secondary school preparation. Fundamentals o f German and simpler texts such as Michael: IV orte und W örter. 3. Intermediate G erman . Prerequisite: German 1-2 or two years’ secondary school preparation. Review grammar and texts o f average difficulty such as H ill: D rei Nobelpreisträger. 4. Intermediate G erman . Fulfills the college requirement for all students w ho wish to learn reading through the medium o f literary and cultural material, o f the type o f Hesse: K nulp; Fleissner and Fleissner: D ie Kunst der Prosa; Goethe: Urfaust; Bruns: A Book o f German Lyrics. Prerequisite: German 3 or equivalent. 6. W riting and Speaking G erman . Composition and conversation. Introduction to V olkskunde: cultural backgrounds o f modern Germany. Prerequisite: Course 3-4 or equivalent. 120 the social and 7-8. Elbmentary G erman (S pecial R eading Course). Full C ou n t A special reading course designed for those w ho wish to acquire a reading knowl­ edge o f German in a single year. German 7-8 may be used to fulfill the requiremente o f certain departments or o f graduate schools, but not to satisfy the college foreign language requirement. German 7-8 supplants the former H alf Course in ocientmc German (German 5 ) . 11, 12. I ntroduction to G erman Literature. Either half or both may be taken for credit. Prerequisite for majors and minors. A study o f representative German authors from the classical period to the present: reading and discussion o f dramas, stories, and lyric poems. W riting o f critical Prerequisite: Course 3-4 or equivalent. 13. D ie D eutsche Romantik . H alf Course A n introductory study o f the romantic movement in Germany, with illustrative readings from representative authors such as Novalis, Tieck, Arnim, Brentano, fnchendorfl. Lectures, discussion, papers in German. Prerequisite: Course 11-12 or equivalent. 14. D ie D eutsche N ovelle von G oethe bis T homas M a n n . Significant examples o f this typically German genre w ill be read and interpreted as to contents, form and historical importance, as w ell as its relations to other European literatures. Authors: Goethe, Eichendorff, Kleist, Stifter, Meyer, Keller, Storm, Thomas Mann. 15-16. D ie G oethe Z eit. Goethe, Schiller and their contemporaries in relationship to their times. ideas and aesthetic problems discussed and reflected in their works. 18. M odernb D eutsche L iteratur. Their H alf Course A study o f four or five leading German writers o f the twentieth century, in­ cluding Thomas Mann, Gerhart Hauptmann, Rainer Maria Rilke. Lectures dis­ cussion, papers. Prerequisite: Course 11-12 or equivalent. 19. G erman A uthors in T ranslation . Lectures in English; discussion; Open to all students. H alf Course frequent book reports in English by students. H onors W ork The follow ing seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors. Those actually given in any year vary according to the choices o f the students and the con­ venience o f the department. 101. M iddle H igh G erman Literature and Philology . Introduction into Indo-European and Germanic philology and phonetics. Out° f development o f the German language. M iddle H igh German grammar. Brief survey o f O ld and M iddle H igh German literature. Reading o f M H G texts in the original, especially NibeluUgenlied, W olfram ’s Parzival, and Walther von der Vogelweide. 102. T he A ge of Luther . Study o f literary, historical, sociological and religious problems o f the sixteenth century. Reading o f outstanding authors o f the period, such as Luther, Hans Sachs, Brant, Hutten, Fischart. A course or seminar in History o f the Reforma­ tion is recommended as preparation for this seminar. 121 103. D eutsches Barock und A ufklaerung . A study o f German literature in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The reforms o f Opitz, the lyric poetry o f the period, the mysticism o f Angelus Silesius, and Jakob Böhme, the plays o f Gryphius, and the prose o f Grimmels­ hausen; a study o f Lessing in his most important dramas and critical writing. 104. G oethe . Goethe's life and work in the classical age o f German literature, in its chief phases. 105. D ie D eutsche R omantik . Romanticism as the dominant movement in German literature o f the first half o f the nineteenth century. 106. Poetischer R ealismus. Studies in the works o f Grillparzer, Hebbel, Ludwig, Keller, Meyer, and Storm, and other writers o f the drama, novel, and "N ovelle” in the second half o f the nineteenth century. 107. D eutsche Literatur Seit 1900. The chief writers o f "Neuromantik" and impressionism: Gerhart Hauptmann’s dramas; Thomas Mann’s epic prose ; Rainer Maria Rilke’s poetry; H ugo von Hofmannsthal’s lyric prose and poetry. 130. Linguistic Science. (In cooperation with other departments in the Division o f the Humanities.) The most important problems o f Linguistics, e. g., sound change, changes in accidence and syntax, semantic changes, geographical distribution and relation of languages. Indo-European, English, and American language problems. Relation­ ship between linguistics and psychology. Some knowledge o f German, French, Latin, or Greek is desirable, reading knowledge o f at least one foreign language required. Students w ho know non-Indo-European languages are especially welcome. The seminar is conducted in English. (See also schedules o f Honors Seminars in English and Psychology.) Italian (N o t given in 1952-53) Since few students enter with previous preparation in Italian, there is no system for placement. Any student w ho wishes advanced standing can arrange his status in conference with the instructor. The department does not offer a major or minor in Italian. There are no honors seminars in Italian. N o t more than one Italian course is usually offered in any given year and plans for the study o f Italian should be carefully made in consultation with the department. Courses 1-2. Elementary Italian . Full Course A course aimed to give the student ability to read ordinary Italian with ease, and to write and speak simple Italian. 3. Intermediate Italian . Grammar review and composition. Reading from modern literature. 122 4. Intermediate Italian . Readings from Dante’s Inferno. 11-12. Introduction to M odern Italian Literature. Representative texts o f modern Italian writers. Russian In s t r u c t o r : O lga Lam kert Courses in the Russian language may be used to fulfill the college’s foreign language requirement. A major in Russian language and literature may be obtained by taking the courses listed below and additional courses offered at Bryn Mawr College. These courses are part o f the Russian Studies program offered at Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore Colleges (see p. 1 4 6 ). 1-2. Elementary Russian. Miss Lamkert. Full Course Vocabulary and grammar. Oral and written translations from English into Russian and vice versa. Vocabulary building. Reading o f short stories. Books: Essentials o f Russian (Prentice-H all), Stories by Lermontoff and Pushkin (Heath series). Five hours a week. 3, 4. I ntermediate Russian. Miss Lamkert. Review o f grammar with special emphasis on use o f prepositions, verb forms, numerals. Short area study, geography and history o f Russia to the revolution o f 1917. Advanced reading and composition. Books: Essentials o f Russian (Prentice-H all), Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press), Pushkin’s Captain’ s Daughter. 11,12. I ntroduction to Russian Littérature: Prose. Miss Lamkert. (N o t offered in 1952-53.) A short survey o f the Russian literature o f the 18th and 19th centuries. Books: Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press) and other books to be selected by the class. 1 3 , 14. Introduction to R ussian Literature : Poetry and C ontemporary A uthors. Miss Lamkert. Books: Eugene Onegin by Pushkin. Readings from Chekov and Gorky. Spanish D. A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r : Ja m e s A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r : E l is a A So r b e r s e n s io A ll students offering Spanish for entrance are placed at the level where they w ill presumably profit best by the course according to their rating in the College Entrance examination or a test given by the department. Spanish may be offered as a major in course or as a major or minor in honors work. Prerequisites and recommended supporting subjects are the same for both course and honors students and are as follow s: Required: Spanish 11-12 Introduction to Literature. Recommended supporting subjects: Introduction to Philosophy, Psychology, English or another foreign or classic literature, Fine Arts, South American History. 123 Majors are expected to speak Spanish with sufficient fluency to take part in dis­ cussion in courses and seminars in the language and to pass an oral comprehensive o r oral honors examination in Spanish. C ourses 1-2. Elementary Spanish . For students w ho begin Spanish in college. Equivalent to two years' Spanish in high school. The emphasis is both on the spoken language and on reading. 3, 4. Intermediate Spanish . For students w ho have had Spanish 1-2 or its equivalent (tw o years in high sch o o l). Students w ho have had three years usually enter Spanish 4. Grammar is reviewed. Reading is from Spanish and South American literature with em­ phasis on increasing the student’s vocabulary and his ability to discuss his read­ ing in oral and written Spanish. 9. A dvanced Composition and D iction . For majors and others w ho wish an advanced course in which the emphasis is not primarily literary. A n effort is made to correct faulty pronunciation and to improve self expression in the language both oral and written. l l , 12. Introduction to Spanish Literature. Representative texts o f modern Spanish and Latin American writers. in Spanish with frequent written work in Spanish. . Conducted 13. El T eatro M oderno. Plays o f the major Spanish writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 14. La N ovela H ispanoamericana . Representative novelists from Mármol in Argentina to Revueltas in Mexico. 15, 16. Las O bras de Cervantes. Novelas ejemplares. The Q uixote. ( A year course giving a thorough study of Cervantes. The first semester may stand alone.) 18. La N ovela Española D el Siglo X I X . Outstanding novelists from Fernán Caballero to Blasco Ibañez. 20. Special T opics for Senior M ajors . Readings selected to fit the needs o f seniors and to supplement their selection of courses. N ot designed to prepare for any specific type o f comprehensive examination, but to give an opportunity in the senior year for the student to see his courses in perspective and to see possible relationships to work in other fields. Se m in a r s 101. La N ovela H ispanoamericana . 102. La N ovela Española D el Siglo X I X . 103. Las O bras de Cervantes. 104. El T eatro M oderno. 105. El T eatro D el Siglo de O ro . N o t e : While the titles of seminars in Spanish correspond to the titles of courses, honors students read more extensively both in the texts and critical work. The work of a seminar corresponds to that of two half courses. 124 M usic Pro fesso r: A lfred J. Sw Lectu rer: W an , Chairman il l ia m H . R e e se The study o f music is concerned with a gradual and grow ing understanding o f the language o f the great composers. This may be approached from without: through a study o f the general style o f the epoch in which the composer lived, its ideas, its art, its manner o f life; through a historical tracing o f the forms used by the com­ poser; through listening to his music accompanied by certain directives o f the teacher. Y et the better and surer approach is from within: through a study o f the musical laws underlying the composition and a gradual application o f these laws (counterpoint, harmony, etc.) to thematic material either invented by the student himself, or set before him by the teacher; through acquiring the ability to perform his ow n work or the models o f the masters (chiefly at the p ia n o). A reasonable amount o f inherent musical talent is presupposed for the second, surer method o f studying music. There are not a few students in the college, how­ ever, who, considering themselves lacking in this talent, w ould prefer the former, more outward way. T he ensuing music courses are devised to satisfy both types o f student. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R e c o m m e n d a t io n s for M a jo r s If, in the course o f his first tw o years in college, the student has shown an ex­ ceptional aptitude for either composition, or musicology (an interest in all music history plus an absorbing interest in one phase, preferably the M iddle Ages or the Renaissance), or both, he may elect to major in music. It is also desirable that he show a certain gift, or at least skill, in handling the piano. I- 2. I ntroduction to M usic H istory. M r. Reese. Full Course This course is devised for the unprepared music lover. It w ill introduce him to the successive periods and styles o f music history. In each period certain typical works w ill be played in class and analyzed. A lon g with this general appreciation the student w ill also make the acquaintance o f elementary musical grammar which w ill prepare him to take up musical composition later. I I - 12. Elementary M usical Composition . M r. Swan. Full Course After practice in melodic patterns— the invention o f his own canti fermi— the student w ill proceed to two-part writing and the study o f consonant and disso­ nant formations. The horizontal and vertical methods (counterpoint and har­ m ony) are taken up simultaneously. The course ends in three-part writing, vocal and instrumental. 25. T he H istory of Russian M usical Culture . M r. Swan. Fall Semester This course w ill be given in conjunction with the cycle o f concerts devoted’ to Russian music in 1952-53. 31-32. A dvanced M usical Composition and H istory. Mr. Swan. Full Course Conducted as a seminar for advanced students who have already had some o f their works performed at concerts and demonstrations and w ho can take part in discussions o f orchestral writing, scoring a cappella, and the large musical forms (historically and practically). 125 H onors W ork T o be admitted to honors a student must have completed Music 11-12 and have shown his aptitude for either composition or musicology, or for both. Honors students and music majors in course should take advantage o f the offerings at Bryn Mawr College and the University o f Pennsylvania. They should normally also have had prolonged instruction in piano playing, so as to be able to show their new compositions at the piano. Philosophy and R eligion Pr o f e s s o r s : R i c h a r d B. B r a n d t ; W K ohler, olfgang Joh n M. M oore A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s : M onroe Chairman Research Professor of Philosophy and Psychology C. B eard sley R o d e r ic k Fi r t h J A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r : W V is it in g A s s is t a n t il l ia m H qrdern P r o f e s s o r : R ic h a r d C . T a y l o r * * I n s t r u c t o r s . E l i z a b e t h L a n e B e a r d s l e y (p a r t-tim e ) E r n a F . Sc h n e i d e r The study o f philosophy consists in examining the beliefs to which one is committed^ by accepting scientific knowledge and common-sense views o f the w orldclarifying basic concepts; determining the circumstances under which statements may properly be said to be true in all fields o f human inquiry and concern, inrlnHing ethical and aesthetic discourse; and drawing the outlines o f an account o f human experience coherent with the evidence o f the sciences. Because o f the role o f phil­ osophy in the history o f human thought, and because o f the relation o f philosophical ideas to problems in other fields, philosophy may be studied as instrumental to the understanding o f wider areas o f history or thought. Religion is studied primarily as a system o f ideas, both ethical and theological: systematically, through a consideration o f representative forms o f contemporary relig­ ious thought; and historically, through an examination o f the great religions arid the development o f religion, particularly o f the Judaeo-Christian tradition. R equirements and R ecommendations for M ajors and M inors The minimum prerequisite to admission as a major in either philosophy or religion will normally be the completion o f course 1 and one additional course in philosophy or religion, respectively. Students w ho major in philosophy must obtain permission in order to count fo r credit in fulfillment o f their major requirement more than one course m religion; and students who major in religion must obtain permission in order to count for credit in fulfillment o f their major requirement more than one course in philosophy. (Course 25 may be counted either as a course in philosophy or as a course in religion.) As supporting material for a major program in phil­ osophy, the department recommends work in psychology. 1. Introduction to Philosophy . A ll instructors. Each Semester Several o f the most important problems o f philosophy, and alternative answers to them, are. discussed. The nature and criteria o f knowledge are emphasized, M d implications o f this issue for traditional problems are analyzed. Stress is laid on the writing o f philosophical essays. This course should be taken to satisfy the college requirement for the freshman year. N ote: This course is a prerequisite for any other course in philosophy. Other courses may be taken in any order that is convenient. Members o f the department will offer advice on request concerning an order o f courses to suit individual needs, students planning to do honors work should not take courses dealing with material to be covered in honors seminars. t Absent on leave, 1952-53. ** Spring semester, 1952-53. 127 11. Ethics. M r. Brandt and M r. Firth. Each Semester A systematic study o f the principal ethical theories, historical and contempor­ ary, absolutist^ and relativistic, with the object o f developing an understand­ ing o f the nature and scope o f rational criticism in ethics and o f the principles and problems involved in the analysis o f ethical issues. Psychological, anthro­ pological, metaphysical and religious issues are examined where they are relevant. 12. L ogic. Miss Schneider. Pall Semester A beginning study o f the tests o f valid reasoning, both inductive and deductive. Practical application o f logic and scientific method w ill be emphasized. The formal apparatus w ill be kept to a minimum. 13. Selected M odern Philosophers M r. Firth and M r. Beardsley. Spring Semester A history o f modern philosophy with primary emphasis on Descartes, Hume, and Schopenhauer, considered as representatives o f three great traditions of modern thought. This course may appropriately be combined with work in any o f the three divisions. i 14. A ncient Philosophy . M r. Firth. Fall Semester (N o t offered in 1952-53.) A study o f ancient philosophy in all its aspects: ethics, political theory, meta­ physics, and aesthetics. Primary emphasis is placed on the dialogues o f Plato; briefer attention is given to the pre-Socratics, Plato’s contemporaries, and Aris­ totle. Recommended for students o f literature and the social sciences. 15. Philosophy of Science . Miss Schneider. Spring Semester A consideration o f scientific knowledge, its scope and limitations; o f problems resulting from theory construction and the validation o f scientific assertions; of probability and induction. 16. Contemporary Problems. M r. Brandt. Fall Semester Contemporary answers to fundamental problems, such as the functions o f langu­ age, the definition o f truth, the foundations o f knowledge, the nature o f the self, and the perception o f physical things. Readings in the works o f the leading philosophers, such as Russell, Lewis, Ayer, and Dewey. 17. A esthetics. M r. Beardsley. Spring Semester A study o f some problems that arise in describing and evaluating works o f art. The course includes: ( 1 ) clarifying such basic terms o f criticism as "form ,” "style,” and "meaning” ; ( 2 ) examining the principles and underlying assump­ tions o f criticism; and ( 3 ) analyzing the nature o f aesthetic value, especially the claim that works o f art are "g ood ,” "beautiful,” and “ true.” 18. Social Philosophy . Fall Semester A study o f the methods o f the social sciences, and o f philosophical problems arising in this domain. Attention w ill be given to certain problems facing both social scientist and natural scientist, and to some problems primarily o f interest to the social scientist. 25. Philosophy of Religion. M r. M oore. Spring Semester The nature o f religion; the psychology and interpretation o f religious experience; the problem o f religious knowledge; the validity and difficulties o f Christian theology and ethics. 32. Biblical Religion and Ethics. M r. M oore. Fall Semester Important parts o f the O ld and N ew Testament are examined, in order to trace the growth o f Hebrew and Christian religions and the development o f the ideas o f the Judaeo-Christian tradition, both ethical and theological. 128 33. Early Christian T hought . Mr. Hordern. Fall Semester The rise and development o f Christian thinking to the 13th century, the influence o f Judaism and Greek philosophy, the formation o f the creeds, Scholasticism, Augustine and Aquinas. 34. M odern Christian T hought . M r. Hordern. Second Semester The development o f Christian thought from the Reformation to the twentieth century, with emphasis upon the relationship between Christian and secular thinking; the main ideas o f the Reformation, church and sect in the Reforma­ tion, Roman Catholic development, Protestant orthodoxy, Protestant liberalism. 35. H istory of Religions. M r. Hordern. First Semester A n historical and comparative study o f the w orld’s religions: primitive religions, ancient religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Mohammedanism. Stress w ill be placed upon the ethical and philosophical teachings o f these religions and their role in the interaction o f modern cultures. Comparisons and contrasts w ill be made between these religions and Judaism and Christianity. 36. Problems of Christianity T oday. M r. Hordern. Spring Semester The purpose o f this course is to study various answers to the chief religious problems o f the twentieth century. Problems include: the nature o f the Bible, science and religion, the existence o f G od, religion and social problems, religion and education, the meaning o f history. Answers include: fundamentalism, liberal­ ism, humanism, Christian orthodoxy and neo-orthodoxy. The student w ill be urged to find his own answers and1 to work out his own religious beliefs. 37. Religions of A merica. M r. Hordern. Second Semester A study o f some o f the more important American religious groups with regard to their history, teaching and present status. Visits w ill be made to representative churches and synagogues. Psychology 60. Systematic Psychology. M r. Kohler. A study o f recurrent problems o f psychology, in historical perspective and in the light o f various systematic views. Open to qualified students o f philosophy. Prerequisites: Psychology 1 and 2. (M ay be counted toward a major or minor in philosophy.) H onors W ork For admission to honors work in philosophy, the requirement is normally at least two semester courses, one o f which must be the Introduction to Philosophy, unless with special permission. Students should normally present as their second course one selected from courses numbered 11 to 25. For admission to honors work in religion, the requirement is at least tw o semester courses, one o f which, unless with special permission, w ill be the Introduction to Philosophy, and the other o f which w ill normally be selected from courses numbered 25 to 45. 101. M oral Philosophy . Mr. Firth. A seminar in ethics, both systematic and historical. The first part o f the semester is devoted to the basic theory o f value and obligation; the second part to problems concerning justice, liberty, reward, punishment, human rights, and other issues o f social ethics. 102. Plato . Mr. Firth. Reading and interpretation o f all the major and some o f the minor dialogues o f Plato in an effort to understand his contributions to metaphysics, the theory o f knowledge, ethics and politics, and to appreciate his importance for Western thought. Attention w ill be paid to the pre-Socratic elements o f his philosophy, to his scientific and social background, and to the germs o f future developments contained in his work. 129 103. H istory of M odern Philosophy . M r. Beardsley, Mrs. Beardsley, Mr. Taylor. The development o f modern thought from Bacon and Descartes to Kant. This seminar may appropriately be combined with work in any o f the three divisions. 104. C lassic Problems in Philosophy . Mr. Kohler and Mr. Brandt. A systematic study o f some basic problems such as the theory o f meaning, universals and particulars, the nature and criteria o f truth, the justification o f memory ' knowledge and induction, theories o f perception and the nature o f the self and its relation to material nature. The reading is in the works o f contemporary writers such as Broad, Russell and Lewis. 105. Philosophy of Science. Miss Schneider. A n investigation into the nature o f scientific knowledge, the distinctions between sciences, the methods appropriate to them. Analyses o f the concepts o f prob­ ability, induction, verifiability, explanation, space, time, causality, as these are used in science. 106. A esthetics. Mr. Beardsley. A systematic examination o f the philosophy o f art and the methodological founda­ tions o f criticism. Recommended for students o f literature, music and the fine arts. 107. Social Philosophy . Miss Schneider. A study o f the methods o f the social sciences, and o f philosophical problems arising within this domain. Attention w ill be given to certain problems facing both social scientist and natural scientist and to some problems primarily of interest to the social scientist. Materials w ill be drawn from the social sciences with which members o f the seminar are most familiar. 111. T he I dea of G od in W estern T hought . M r. Hordern. A n examination w ill be made o f writings which have contributed most to Western concepts o f G od. The study w ill include Plato, Aristotle, the Bible, Athanasius, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Kant, Schleiermacher, R udolf Otto, C. S. Lewis and others. 112. M odern Religious Philosophers. M r. Hordern. This seminar w ill concentrate on representative religious thinkers or schools of thought in the present century. These w ill include Jacques Maritain, Bergson, Anglo-Catholicism, Brunner, Liberalism, Reinhold Niebuhr, John Bennett, A . J. Muste, Elton Trueblood, Alan Richardson. 120. T hesis. A thesis may be submitted by majors in the department in place o f one o f the seminars, upon application by the student and at the discretion o f the Depart­ ment. 130 Physical Education for Men D ir e c t o r ate of A P h y s ic a l Ed u c a t i o n t h l e t ic s a n d P rofessor: W il l is for M en and A s so c i ­ J. S t e t s o n A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s : R o b e r t H . D unn E d w i n J. F a u l k n e r L e w is H . E l v e r s o n A s s is t a n t s : R o b e r t B . B a c h W alter A . Bahr A v e r y F. B l a k e Ja m e s J. M c A d o o Ja m e s H . M i l l e r H o w a r d D . Si p l e r P a u l St o f k o Co l l e g e P h y s ic ia n : D r. M o r r is A . B o w ie The course in M en’s Physical Education is designed to acquaint each participant with both team and individual sports. The value o f team play is developed while emphasis is also placed on the so-called "carry over” sports which one can enjoy after graduation. Each individual, w hile benefiting from the physical exercise, also becomes better acquainted with the fundamentals, rules, etc., o f the various sports and so is better able to enjoy these activities as a spectator. , The intercollegiate athletic program is a comprehensive one with varsity schedules in eleven different sports. In many o f these activities there are contests arranged for junior varsity and freshman teams, thus providing ample opportunity for large numbers o f men to engage in intercollegiate competition. F a c u l t y R e q u ir e m e n t s Physical Education is required o f all non-veteran freshmen and sophomores unless excused by the College physician. During this two-year period, men students must attend a minimum o f three classes per week. A ll men not excused for medical or other reasons are expected to fulfill this requirement. A semester’s work failed in the first two years must be repeated in the Junior year. N o man with a deficiency in physical education w ill be permitted to enter his Senior year. Fa l l A * Cross Country "Football W Badminton "Basketball Boxing c t iv it ie s * Soccer Swimming Tennis Touch Football in t e r A Lacrosse "Swimming Tennis Track V olley Ball "W restling Sp r i n g A "Baseball "G o lf "Lacrosse Softball c t iv it ie s c t iv it ie s "Tennis "Track * Indicates intercollegiate competition. 131 Physical Education for Women A ssociate Professor: V irginia Rath , Chairman A ssistant Professors: Irene M oll M a y E. Parry A ssistant: Janet Scantlebury (part-time) College Physician : D r . M orris A. Bowie The aim o f this Department is to contribute to the education o f all women students through the medium o f physical activity. W e believe this contribution can best be achieved through participation in a broad program o f recreational, rhythmic and developmental activities. Therefore the program provides: in­ struction and experience in sports and dancing; swimming ability for all; cor­ rective and developmental exercises. It is our hope that the student w ill also acquire: appreciation o f the dance as a fine art; the meaning o f good sportsman­ ship; added endurance; g ood posture; leadership training; joy in outdoor exercise; and a program o f interests and skills that w ill carry over for the individual and her community after college. Classes are kept small to insure individual attention, and students are grouped according to ability. Am ple opportunities are given for intramural and inter­ collegiate competition, as w ell as for public performances and demonstrations. Freshmen and sophomores take three periods o f activity each week. These may be elected from classes listed below with the stipulation that they take swimming until a test is passed; take a rhythmic activity; take a team sport; take Body Mechanics if the posture grade indicates a need for it. Regulation costumes should be ordered before college opens. Blanks for this purpose w ill be sent out from the Office o f the Dean to all incoming students. Sp o r t s H ockey. Miss Parry, Miss M oll, Miss Rath. Fail Term Class and Varsity. A rchery. Miss Rath. Fall and Spring Class and Varsity. T ennis . Miss Parry, Miss Rath, Miss M oll, M r. Faulkner. Fall, W in ter and Spring Class and Varsity W inter and Spring. G olf . Miss M oll. Fall and Spring Class and Varsity. Swimming . Miss Rath, Miss Parry. Fall, W inter and Spring Beginner, intermediate and advanced classes in strokes and diving. Class and Varsity. Basketball. Miss M oll. W inter Class and Varsity. 132 Badminton . W inter Soft Ball . Miss M oll. Spring Miss Parry, Miss Rath, Miss M oll, M r. Faulkner. Class and Varsity. Class and Varsity. Lacrosse. Spring Class and Varsity. V olley Ball . Miss M oll. Class and Varsity. W inter R h y t h m i c A c t iv it ie s D an cin g . Miss Scantlebury. Class and Club. Folk and Square D ancing . Fall, W in ter and Spring Miss M oll. ' Fall, W inter and Spring Open to men students also. D evelopm ental and S e r v ic e A c t iv it ie s T umbling . Miss Rath. W inter Body M echanics. Miss Rath. W inter Required o f all first-year students whose posture indicates a need for it. Recreational Leadership. Miss M oll. W inter and Spring Theory and practice teaching in recreational activities o f all kinds. Given in alternate years. Red Cross Life Saving . Miss Rath and Red Cross Field Representative. W inter and Spring Senior and Instructors’ courses. 133 Physics Professors: W W A s s o c ia t e in t h r o p il l ia m R. W r ig h t C . E l m o r e , Chairman Pr o f e s s o r s : M D il a n W . G arrett e n n is o n Bancroft The physics department, through its introductory course in general physics, en­ deavors to give an integrated account o f basic physics. In this course, as w ell as in the advanced work o f the department, emphasis is placed on quantitative, analytical reasoning, as distinct from the mere acquisition o f facts and skills. The intro­ ductory course makes no pretense o f covering all material o f interest to physicists, but rather comprises a selection o f topics which form a coherent group. Advanced work in the department involves a more intensive study o f topics covered at the introductory level, and o f many phases o f modern physics which require a considerable background in mathematics and electricity. In all courses and sem­ inars particular importance is attached to laboratory work, inasmuch as physics is primarily an experimental science. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R e c o m m e n d a t io n s for M a jo r s Students w ho intend to major in physics normally take Course 1, 2 in the fresh­ man year and Course 11, 12 in the sophomore year. In addition they should complete Course 12 in mathematics and Course 2 in chemistry by the end o f the sophomore year. In view o f graduate school requirements, and o f the extensive literature o f physics in German, it is strongly recommended that the student fulfill his language requirement in German. A grade o f C or better in Course 1, 2 as prerequisite for all further work in the department. The work o f the last tw o years normally involves an honors program, and includes three seminars in physics and three seminars in mathematics. Other seminars in the program are usually chosen from electrical engineering, chemistry, or philosophy. Such a program is a particularly satisfactory way o f preparing for graduate or other professional work in physics or in mathematics. However, it constitutes in itself an effective educational program, since the aim throughout is to achieve an understanding o f fundamental ideas and concepts, as distinct from the mastery o f information, skills and techniques in a limited segment o f science. C o u r s e St a t e m e n t I , 2. G eneral Physics. Staff. Full Course A n introductory course in basic physics open to all students. N o prerequisite other than those for college entrance is assumed. This course or its equivalent must precede any advanced courses or seminars in physics. It is required o f most science majors. Three lectures, a conference and a laboratory period weekly. Separate credit given for each semester’s work. I I , 12. M echanics, H eat and Sound . Mr. Elmore and M r. Bancroft. The material for this course is drawn from the fields o f mechanics, hydro-dynamics, acoustics, kinetic theory and thermodynamics. Since extensive use is made o f the calculus, a course in 'this subject must precede or be taken concurrently. This course is recommended for physics majors and should meet the needs o f other students desiring a second course in physics. Three conference hours and one laboratory period weekly. 134 H onors W ork 101. Physical O ptics. Mr. W right. Spring Semester Based on Jenkins and W hite Optics. The laboratory work includes measure­ ments on thick and thin lenses, intercomparison o f wave lengths by prism, grat­ ing and interference spectrographs, computation o f series constants, quantitative observation o f various interference and diffraction patterns and measurement of reflection coefficients. 102. Electricity and M agnetism . Mr. Garrett. Fall Semester Based primarily on Page and Adams’ Principles o f Electricity and Harnwell’s Principles of Electricity and Electromagnetism. It covers static and dynamic electricity, magnetism and electromagnetism, with some electronics. The em­ phasis throughout is on fundamental analysis rather than application. The laboratory includes measurements in direct and alternating currents and in magnetism, together with some fundamental experiments in electronics. Mathe­ matics seminars in advanced calculus and differential equations are normally prerequisite. 103. M odern Physics. M r. Elmore. Spring Semester A seminar devoted to both the experimental and the theoretical aspects o f modern atomic physics. The topics include radiation, special relativity, quantum theory, the wave nature o f particles, atomic structure, X-rays, isotopes, radioactivity, nuclear physics and related matters. The seminar discussion is accompanied by a full-day laboratory period. This seminar should be preceded by that in electricity and magnetism. 104. T heoretical Physics. M r. Elmore. Fall Semester A study o f selected topics, mostly drawn from classical physics. Little duplica­ tion occurs o f theoretical material covered in the other seminars offered by the department. Based primarily on Page’s Introduction to Theoretical Physics. N ot accompanied by laboratory. N ot offered regularly. Prerequisites: Course 11, 12 and mathematics seminars in advanced calculus and differential equations. 135 P olitical Science Professor: J. R oland Pennock , Chairman A ssociate Professor: M urray S.'S tedman , Jr . A ssistant Professors: G erard J. M angone John I. M ichaels, Jr . Paul N . Y lvisaker L ecturers: Philip E. Jacob D avid M itrany The aim o f the Department o f Political Science is to study, both in ideal and in reality, the place o f the state in society and to contribute to an understanding of the purposes, organization, and operation o f political institutions, domestic and international. For the beginning student, the Department offers an introduction to the nature o f politics and to the problems o f various political systems. For those w ho become majors or for others w ho take additional work in Political Science, courses are provided which w ill permit giving special attentioh to the areas o f political theory, comparative government, government in the United States, and international political institutions. R equirements and R ecommendations for M ajors Course 1-2 is prerequisite to all other work in the department. Students who intend to major in political science should, preferably, take Course 1-2 in the freshman year and Course 11 in the sophomore year Students who desire to concentrate on inter­ national affairs without taking the full International Relations Program referred to below may substitute Comparative Government (Political Science 15) or Soviet Eco­ nomics and Politics (Political Science 19-20) for Course 11. Majors are also required to take Economics 1-2. Courses in Statistics (Economics 4 ) and in American History are recommended'. Political Theory, either in seminar or in course, is required o f all majors; course majors should take Course 60. P rogram in International R elations Students w ho plan to enter upon a career in the field o f international relations should include in their programs, during the first two years, the introductory courses in economics, history and political science and should complete the intermediate course in one or more modern languages. Advanced courses selected from the groups listed below may be incorporated in the programs o f students w ho do their major work in economics, history, political science, or a modern language. Those students w ho wish to concentrate in international relations may take their Senior Comprehensive Examination in this field. Students preparing for this exam­ ination should take eight, nine, or ten half courses from among those listed below, including all o f those listed in Group I, one or more in Group II, and one or more in Group III. The examination is administered by a committee appointed by the chairmen o f the Departments o f Economics, History, and Political Science, under the Chairmanship o f the Department o f Political Science. 136 Group I Political Science 12— International Politics Political Science 13— International Law and Organization Political Science 57-58— American Foreign Policy Economics 60— International Economics Group II History History History History History 3— England 11— The Other American Republics 12— France 13— Germany 14— Russia Group III Political Science 15— Comparative Government Political Science 16— Democracy and Dictatorship Political Science 17— India and Pakistan Political Science 18— The British W elfare State Russian Studies 19-20— Soviet Economics and Politics Students w ho plan to enter the honors program w ill find it possible to select a similar combination o f courses and seminars in the field o f international relations. In planning such programs, they should consult with the chairmen o f their pros­ pective major departments. C ourses 1-2 Introduction to Political Science. A ll members o f the department. Full Course The foundations o f politics— sociological, psychological, and economic; nature and development o f political institutions; types o f government. A study o f examples o f the major forms o f government, follow ed by a more detailed study o f the national government o f the United States. Political Science 1-2 is open to all students and is prerequisite to all other courses offered by the department. Credit is not given for a single semester o f this course. 11 Problems in Community G overnment . M r. Ylvisaker. Spring Semester Study o f selected problems in community life and government, at both local and state levels. Includes topics such as centralization and home rule; governmental reorganization; corruption, bossism and reform; urban and rural planning and development. Emphasis is placed on field work and origins! research, using* one o f the nearby communities as a laboratory. 12. International Politics. M r. Mangone. Fall Semester An introduction to the principles and problems o f international politics— including thè study o f political geography, the composition and balance o f international power, such w orldwide phenomena as nationalism and imperialism, and the techniques o f diplomacy. 13. International La w and O rganization . M r. Mangone. Spring Semester The development o f international law and organization— including a study _ o f the major problems o f international law and w orld government, the organiza­ tion and work o f the League o f Nations, the United Nations, regional agencies, and international administration. Prerequisite: Political Science 12. 15. Comparative G overnment . Mr. Stedman. Alternate years, Fall Semester (N o t offered in 1952-53.) A critical study o f the major political systems &ntb o f their significance for the problem o f constitutional order. Special emphasis is placed on the governments o f Western Europe and o f the British dominions. 137 16. D emocracy and D ictatorship. M r. Pennock. Spring Semester Analysis o f the crisis o f political liberalism. Reconsideration o f the bases of representative government in the light o f changed economic and social conditions in the modern State; examination o f such alternative principles as those offered by Communism and Fascism; investigation o f the problem o f planning in a democracy; and an appraisal o f present tendencies in political development. 17. India and Pakistan . M r. Weatherford. Pall Semester (A lso listed as Economics 17 and History 17.) A survey o f the economic, political, and social structure o f modern India and Pakistan. This historical background o f present problems. The possibilities of economic development. 18. T he British W elfare State . M r. Ylvisaker. Fall Semester Development o f social and economic policy in Great Britain, especially since 1940. Britain as a case study in the politics and problems o f economic planning. 19-20. Soviet Economics and Politics. M r. Michaels. Full Course (A lso listed as Economics 19-20 and Russian Studies 19-20.) The structure and operation o f the economic and political institutions o f the Soviet Union, described and analyzed in the light o f their theoretical and his­ torical background. 29. T he Sociology of I nternational Relations. M r. Mitrany. Problems o f international relations and organization approached by way o f a study o f conditioning sociological factors. 51. Public A dministration . Mr. Ylvisaker. A n analysis o f the principles o f administration in modern governments with illustrative material drawn chiefly from the national government o f the United States and with particular references to the implications o f recent developments. Problems o f administrative organization, conduct o f regulatory and managerial activities, financial administration, personnel, public relations, administrative legislation and adjudication. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement. 52. A merican Constitutional La w . Mr. Ylvisaker. Fall Semester (N o t offered in 1952-53.) The Constitution as developed by the Court; and the Court as seen through the cases. Stressing (a ) the extent o f national power, ( b ) constitutional limitations upon state legislation, ( c ) the nature o f the judicial process in the American system o f government. Sophomores may be admitted by special arrangement. 53. A merican Party Politics. M r. Stedman. Alternate years, Fall Semester A n historical and functional analysis o f American political parties, including a study o f interest groups, public opinion, electoral devices, political leaders, and proposals for the reorganization o f the existing party structure. 54. H istory of Political T heory . M r. Pennock. Fall Semester The development o f thought on the nature o f the state and o f individual rights and duties, based largely on readings o f the chief political philosophers. Topics studied include: Greek political thought; medieval universalism and the divine right o f kings; the Reformation and the development o f contractual theory; sovereignty and the rise o f the national state; the growth o f liberalism and the roots o f totalitarian ideologies. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement. 138 55. A merican Political T hought . M r. Stedman. Spring Semester A study o f the development o f American political thought: the colonial period; the Revolution; Jeffersonian Democracy; Jacksonian Democracy; the nature o f the Union; newer currents, including the progressive movement, labor, and conflicts between church and state. 56. Jurisprudence. Mr. Pennock. Spring Semester A study o f the sources and nature o f law; historical, sociological and philosophic approaches to legal theory; the nature o f the judicial process; key problems of jurisprudence illustrated by case study in selected areas o f American constitutional law. 57-58. A merican Foreign Policy . M r. Mangone. Full Course (N o t offered in 1952-53.) A full-year’s course in the study o f contemporary American foreign policy towards selected areas o f the world. The agencies which determine foreign policy within the United States are examined and close attention is given to the history, econ­ omy, and local problems o f the regions in which American foreign policy oper­ ates. Open to juniors and seniors only. 60. Special T opics in Political Science. M r. Stedman. Spring Semester This course, conducted in seminar fashion, is designed for senior majors. By means o f papers and assigned readings it covers aspects o f political science not elsewhere intensively developed and helps the students to integrate materials studied previously. H onors Prerequisite: Political Science 1-2. for a degree with Honors: W ork The follow ing seminars prepare for examination 101. Political T heory . Mr. Pennock. Each The nature o f the state, the basis o f political obligation, sovereignty nature o f law, problems o f freedom and authority, theoretical analysis o f government, theories o f revolution— all in the light o f the theories by writers on these subjects from Plato to the present. Semester and the o f forms set forth 102. Politics and Legislation . M r. Stedman. . Fall Semester A study o f the political process: purposes o f the state; the relation o f the general welfare to special interests; public opinion; voters and electoral systems; parties and politicians; the functions and organization o f the legislature. 103. Problems in G overnment and A dministration. M r. Ylvisaker. Each Semester A detailed study o f major problems o f government, particularly on the admin­ istrative side, and especially as they manifest themselves in the national govern­ ment o f the United States. Topics studied include: public budgeting and financial control, administrative legislation and adjudication, government reorgan­ ization, administrative areas, governmental corporations, and problems o f public service personnel administration. 104. International Politics, Law , and O rganization . M r. Mangone. Fall Semester A comprehensive inquiry into the principles and problems o f politics, international law, and international organization. 139 international 105. A merican Foreign Policy. M r. Mangone. Spring Semester A n investigation o f contemporary American foreign policy throughout the world; how foreign policy is determined, the agencies which implement it, and an evaluation o f the U. S. national interest in key areas o f Europe, Latin America, the M iddle East, and Asia. 106. Public Law and Jurisprudence. M r. Pennock. Spring Semester Sources and nature o f law; historical, sociological, philosophic, and "realistic” approaches to law; key problems o f jurisprudence illustrated by study o f the fields o f federalism and civil liberties in American constitutional law. 107. Soviet Economics and Politics. M r. Michaels. Spring Semester (A lso listed as Economics 107.) A study o f Soviet economic and political development with special attention to the problems involved in the operation o f a totalitarian political system and a centralized planned economy. 120. T hesis. A ll members of the department. Approval must be secured early in the student’s junior year. 140 Psychology and Education Pr o fe sso r s: W o l f g a n g K o h l Er , So l o m o n Research Professor of Philosophy and Psychology E. A s c fi * Jo s e p h B . Sh a n e , Vice-President and Professor of Education R i c h a r d S. C r u t c h f i e l d ')' A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s : W il l ia m C. H . P r e n t i c e -)- H a n s W a l La q h , Acting Chairman A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r s : R u s s e l l A . C l a r k A r t h u r I. G l a d s t o n e H e n r y G l e it m a n P e t e r M a d is o n Lecturer: A l ic e K . B r o 6 h e a d The work o f the Department o f Psychology deals with the scientific study o f human behavior and experience: the basic processes o f perception, learning, thinking and motivation, and consideration o f their relation to development o f the individual per­ sonality; and the social relations o f the individual to other persons and to groups. For those students planning for graduate and professional work in psychology the courses and seminars o f the department are designed to provide a sound basis o f understanding o f psychological principles and a grasp o f research method. Other students learn the nature o f psychological inquiry and the psychological approach to various problems encountered in the humanities, the social sciences and the life sciences. R e q u ir e m e n t s a n d R e c o m m e n d a t io n s Courses 1 and 2 are prerequisite to all further courses and seminars in psychology. Course majors are required to take Courses 3, 52, and 53. Course 63 is recommended. Honors majors are required to take courses 1, 2, 3, and advised to take during their freshmen and sophomore years introductory work in zoology and, if possible, work beyond the introductory course in philosophy. A reading knowledge o f German is useful. Courses in education— 12, 13, 14, w ill not be credited toward a major in psychol­ ogy. Education alone may not be elected as a major subject, and not more than two full courses in education w ill be accepted for credit toward the bachelor’s degree. The Pennsylvania requirements for the certification o f secondary school teachers include 21 hours o f psychology and education. W ith the exception o f 6 hours o f practice teaching, which must be taken elsewhere, Swarthmore students may fulfill these requirements by taking courses, 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, and 14. * Absent on leave, first semester, 1952-53. t Absent on leave, 1952-53. 141 Psychology 1. Introduction to Psychology . M r. Gleitman. Each Semester A n introduction to the study o f psychology, including a consideration o f the nature o f psychological inquiry and a brief review o f the available facts and theories relevant to a scientific understanding o f human behavior and experience, technical aspects are subordinated to questions concerning motivation, personality and adjustment, although the emphasis throughout is theoretical rather than practical. Reading covers a standard textbook o f psychology. Three lectures and one conference section per week. 2. G eneral Psychology. Mr. Gladstone. Each Semester A n extension o f the introductory course, giving special attention to problems o f cognition including facts and theories o f perception, learning, memory, and thinking. In general, the orientation is historical, and students w ill learn about major theoretical movements in the realm o f cognition. Prerequisite: Course 1. 3. Psychological M ethods. M r. Clark. Each Semester The main objective o f this course is to develop in the student a critical and experimental attitude towards psychological problems. The content o f the course includes: a survey o f the types o f experimental designs, the methods o f measure­ ment, and the kinds o f apparatus employed in different psychological studies roblem sna ySIS °* 1116 historical background o f selected contemporary theoretical Prerequisite: 52. M otivation . Course 1. Mr. Wallach. Vall Semester Emphasis is upon the role o f dynamic factors (drives, needs, values) in the de­ termination o f behavior. Consideration is given to the measurement o f motives, the relationship between biological and psychological tension-systems, conflict, frustration, success and failure, reward and punishment. Evaluation o f the theories o f motivation o f M cD ougall, Tolman, Lewin, Allport, Murray and Freud. Term paper or design o f an original experiment is required. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 53. Experimental Psychology. M r. Asch, M r. Köhler. Spring Semester A course in experimental thinking: how to conceive, design, and carry out original experiments on psychological problems. Instructor and students begin with a problem or problem-area and develop experimental attacks by group dis­ cussion. The actual experiments so designed are carried out by the students with supervision and are interpreted and evaluated by the group. Students present formal reports on each experiment. Class work, laboratories, and reports take ten to twelve hours per week. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2, and 3. 54. A nimal Experimentation . Mr. Gleitman. Spring Semester A detailed analysis o f selected contemporary experimental problems, leading to original experimental investigations carried out by the students with animal subjects. Meets as a weekly seminar during first half o f term, and involves 6 hours o f laboratory work per week during the remainder o f the term Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 142 55. Child Psychology. Spring Semester The development o f the child from birth through adolescence, studied in terms o f basic psychological principles. Important theories and practices o f childrearing are evaluated in the light o f experimental and cross-cultural data. Topics include the significance o f infantile and childhood experience on subsequent per­ sonality development, parent-child relationships, sibling rivalry, and the “ be­ havior problems” which typically occur during the socialization process. One o f the follow ing is required: ( 1 ) acting as an assistant in a child-care center for approximately 20 hours, ( 2 ) an intensive study o f a single child, ( 3 ) individual or group experimental or observational research, ( 4 ) a term paper. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 56. Social Psychology. Spring Semester A study o f some basic processes and products o f interaction between persons and groups and between groups. The follow ing topics are covered: The formation o f the social field o f the individual. Perception o f persons as psycho­ logical entities. Perception o f groups. Formation o f the self; social relations o f the self. Psychological forces supporting group-belonging. Functional con­ sequences o f group membership. The psychological investigation o f group processes. Group requirements and group standards. Formation and change o f attitudes. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 57. D iagnosis of A bilities and Personality. Mr. Madison. Fall Semester Theory and techniques o f assessing personality, intelligence, ability, and interest. Actual practice with such tests and procedures as the Thematic Apperception Test, Rorschach, Wechsler-Bellevue, Stanford-Binet, Non-Directive Interview, and other methods o f diagnosis. Study o f theory and research on the concept o f measurement in psychological testing. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2 and 3. 58. Personality T heory. M r. Madison. Fall Semester A study o f the leading concepts o f personality theory, including the psycho­ analytic, Lewinian, socio-cultural, self-theorists and other non-systematic formu­ lations. Application o f these concepts w ill be made to case studies. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 59. Psychopathology. Spring Semester A study o f the current theories o f mental illness and o f the main forms o f tnpnial disorders. Theories and techniques o f therapy are considered. Ex­ tensive use o f the case study method. Emphasis is on the evaluation o f theories o f psychopathology and o f their significance for normal personality theory. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 60. Systematic Psychology. M r. Kohler. (N o t offered 1952-53.) A study o f recurrent problems o f psychology, in historical perspective and in light o f various systematic views. Restricted to psychology majors and qualified students o f philosophy. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 143 61-62. A dvanced Psychological Research. The staff. Each Semester Individual research on a selected original problem under the direction o f a member o f the department. Open only to psychology majors. Credit w ill be given fo r one semester; a second semester may be taken for credit at the dis­ cretion o f the department. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2, 3 and 53. 63. Psychological T utorial. The staff. Spring Semester W eekly seminar meeting o f psychology course majors held in the second term o f the senior year for the purposes o f reviewing, integrating, and supplementing the student’s course work in psychology. Open only to senior majors. Education 11. Educational Psychology. The application o f psychological principles concerned with the processes of thinking, learning and motivation to the problems o f education. Prerequisite: Course 1. 12. Principles of Secondary Education . Mr. Shane. A study o f the principles o f secondary education, with emphasis upon aims and organization. Visits to nearby schools are made. 13. M ethods of Secondary Education . M r. Shane. Fall Semester A review and critical analysis o f the methods used in secondary education. 14. Introduction to T eaching. Mrs. Brodhead. W eekly seminar plus 3 hours a week in the local schools. 13. H 101. Perception. onors Each Semester Enrolment limited to Se m i n a r s M r. Wallach. Reading and discussion combined with independent experimental projects. The student is expected to know the basic facts about human perceptual mechanisms, particularly visual ones, by the time he has completed this seminar. Specific topics covered are: color vision, grouping and form, depth and distance, size, movement, influences o f learning and o f needs or attitudes, general theory of perception. W hen time permits, some attention is given to parallel problems in other senses. 102. Learning and T hinking . Mr. Kohler, M r. Gladstone. Deals with principles o f adaptive behavior; the functions o f memory and think­ ing; the nature o f understanding and problem-solving; the nature o f intelligence. 103. M otivation . Mr. Clark. A systematic and experimental approach to the dynamics o f behavior, based on material drawn from the laboratory and the clinic, and covering the follow ing topics: instinctive behavior and biological drives; the relation o f motivation and learning; derived motivation; the relation o f perception and motivation; frus­ tration and its relation to aggression, regression; level o f aspiration; success and failure; substitution and sublimation; ego needs and the nature o f the ego; emotion and feeling; contemporary theories o f motivation. 144 104. Individual in Society. M r. Gladstone. The relationship between man and his society, approached from the points o f view o f social psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology; the study o f group-structures and the psychological consequences o f group-membership; the critique o f available procedures for scientific treatment o f group-behavior and group-influences. 105. Personality. M r. Madison, Mr. Clark. A systematic approach to personality, including a survey and critique o f such major theoretical positions as those o f Freud, Jung, Adler, H om ey, Fromm, M cD ougall and Murray. A n examination o f clinical and experimental evidence concerning personality, for example, experimental data on ego-involvement, clinical evidence o f repression. A consideration o f the methods employed in the assessment o f personality such as life history methods, the interview, standardized personality tests, association tests, projective techniques, and situational tests. 106. D evelopment. A n investigation o f the concepts o f psychological growth, including sensori-motor skill, intellectual and emotional functions, and personality. Readings in experi­ mental and clinical literature; some direct observation and experimentation with children. 120. T hesis. A ll members of the department. May be presented as a substitute for one seminar, provided the student is doing major work in psychology with four seminars, and provided some member o f the department is available to undertake the direction o f the thesis. M a st e r ’s D egree A limited number o f students may be accepted for graduate study toward the Master’s degree in psychology. Students receiving the Bachelor’ s degree from Swarthmore are not normally eligible for this work. The program o f work for the Master’s degree requires the completion o f four seminars, or their equivalents. O ne o f the seminars must be a research seminar leading to a Thesis. The work o f the seminars is judged by external examiners. The requirements for the Master’s degree can normally be completed in one year. 145 Russian Studies The Russian Studies program, inaugurated in the fall o f 1949 at Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore Colleges, has been made possible by a grant o f $105,000 from die Carnegie Corporation o f N ew York. As a part o f this program, Swarth­ more is offering courses in Russian language, history, and economic and political institutions. Courses in this group cannot themselves comprise a major subject. Courses in the Russian language may be used to fulfill the college foreign language requirement. Courses in Russian history and in Russian political and economic institutions may be counted toward a major or minor in the departments offering them. (These courses are listed under their appropriate departments.) R u s s ia n L a n g u a g e 1-2. Elementary Russian. Miss Lamkert. Full Course Vocabulary and grammar. Oral and written translations from English into Rus­ sian and vice versa. Vocabulary building. Reading o f short stories. Books: Essentials o f Russian (Prentice-H all), Stories by Lermontoff and Pushkin (Heath series). Five hours a week. 3 ,4 . Intermediate Russian. Miss Lamkert. Review o f grammar with special emphasis on use o f prepositions, verb forms, numerals. Short area study, geography and history o f Russia to the revolution o f 1917. Advanced reading and composition. Books: Essentials o f Russian (Pren­ tice-H all), Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press), Pushkin’s Captain?s Daughter. 1 1,12. Introduction to R ussian Literature : Prose. Miss Lamkert. A short survey o f the Russian literature o f the 18th and 19th centuries. Books: Russian Area Reader (Ronald Press) and other books to be selected by the class. (N o t offered in 1952-53.) 1 3 ,14 . Introduction to R ussian Literature : Poetry and Contemporary A uthors. Miss Lamkert. Books: Eugene Onegin by Pushkin. Readings from Chekov and Gorky. H is t o r y 14. R ussia. M r. Beik or M r. V on Laue. Half Course The histoiy o f modern Russia. For sophomores, juniors and seniors. The course begins with the reign o f Peter and gives half its time to the period since the Revolution. It may be taken only after History 1-2. E c o n o m ic and P o l it ic a l I n s t it u t io n s 19-20. Soviet Economics and Politics. M r. Michaels. Full Course (A lso listed as Economics 19-20 and Political Science 19-20.) The structure and operation o f the economic and political institutions o f the Soviet Union, described and analyzed in the light o f their theoretical ànd historical background. 146 R eference S e c t io n A directory o f the students o f Swarthmore College may be obtained by writing to the Registrar. Visiting Honors Examiners—May-June, 1952 B IO L O G Y : Professor Joseph Berry, Bryn Mawr College; Professor K urt B ohn Sack , Swarthmore College; D r . G eorge H. Paff , Hahnemann Medical College; Professor Colin S. Pittendrigh, Princeton University. Professor E. D. A mstutz , Lehigh University; G. M iller, University o f Pennsylvania. CHEM ISTRY: Professor John Professor Lester V . Chandler, Princeton University; Professor K ermit G ordon, Williams College; Professor James T obin , Y ale University. ECONOM ICS: ENGLISH LITERATURE: Professor S. Frederic Johnson , N ew Y ork University; Professor Lawrance R. T hompson , Princeton University; Professor W illiam Y . T indall, Columbia University; Professor M ary K . W oodworth, Bryn Mawr College. Professor D avid M. Robb, University o f Pennsylvania; Professor Eleanor Spencer, Goucher College. FINE ARTS: H IST O R Y: Professor A rthur P. D udden, Bryn Mawr College; Professor Eugene O. G olob, Wesleyan University; Professor M argaret H astings, N ew Jersey College for W om en ; Professor H enry L. R oberts, Columbia University. Professor W illiam Feller, Princeton University; John C. O xtoby, Bryn Mawr College. M A T H EM A T ICS; Professor M O D E R N LA N G U A G ES: French — Professor Jean A lbert Bédé, Columbia Uni­ versity; German— Professor John C. B lankenagel, W esleyan University; Professor Fritz M ezger, Bryn Mawr College; Spanish— Professor M anuel A lcalá, Bryn M awr College. PH ILO SO PH Y A N D RELIG IO N : Professor John Bennett , Union Theological Seminary; Professor A lbert H ofstadter, Columbia University; Professor W . T. Stace, Princeton University. PHYSICS: Professor W illiam T. Scott, Smith College. PO LITICAL SCIENCE: Professor T homas L Cook , T he Johns Hopkins University; Professor Samuel H endel, College of the City o f N ew Y ork ; D r . Fritz M orstein M arx , Bureau o f the Budget, Washington, D . C .; Professor N orman D. Palmer , University o f Pennsylvania. P S Y C H O L O G Y : D r . V era V . French , 50 Haven Avenue, N ew Y ork 32, N . Y .; D r . M ary H enle, N ew School o f Social Research; Professor G ardiner Lindzey , Harvard University; Professor D avid C. M cClelland, W esleyan Uni­ versity; Professor Edwin B. N ewman , Harvard University. 148 D egrees C onferred June 9, 1952 Bachelor of A rts In the Division o f the Humanities Joseph Bennett Hill, Jr. (Fine Arts) Sybil Sally Hillman (H onors— Barbara Jane A lley (English Litera­ ture) Priscilla H unt A mes (H igh Honors French) Edwin A nderson Hoey, Jr. (H istory) Frederic M agiLl Jenkins (French) M ary A nn Kidder (English Literature) Lucia Langthorn (H istory) Jennifer Lee (History) M arie Lenfest (Fine Arts) Janet T aylor Letts (H igh Honors— — English Literature) Robert Ray A mmerman (H ighest H on­ ors— Philosophy) Marquita Barbosa (Spanish) Beverly Bond (Philosophy) Eleanor Burwell Bondy (English Literature) Henry W hitfield Burgess (History) Stephen Miles Clark (English Liter­ ature) Danila Ballister Cole (H igh Honors —History) Francis Ellen Commins (H igh H on ­ ors—English Literature) Mary M cCracken Crawford (H igh Honors —Psychology) Eugenia Elizabeth Cuddy (H istory) Elizabeth Grace D augherty (Honors — English Literature) Anne Carter D avis (Psychology) Richard deCharms, IV (Psychology) Marie Jeanne de Kiewiet (H onors— H istory) Miriam A nna Lewin (H igh Honors— Psychology) Julane Lyman (French) Eleanor N eville McD owell (Fine Arts) N ancy Elizabeth M cGrayne (Eng­ lish Literature) John A nthony Miller, III (H istory) Leonora W alton M ooers (English Literature) Caroline M cBride M orrel (Philos­ ophy) D orothy Irene N ehrling (Fine Arts) Christine Parker (H igh Honors — Eng­ lish literature) History) N ancy L. Pawell (English Literature) Joyce Carolyn Powell (Fine Arts) A nne Eugenie Pingon (English Liter­ A lbert James D iaz-Garcia (H onors— History) Christine R. D owning (H onors —Eng­ ature) lish Literature) (H onors —Fine Philip N evin Price (English Litera­ Sarah Potter Evarts (History) Esther Fiske (H igh Honors —Psychol­ M arguerite Crispin Ridge (English Marian Ellenbogen ture) Arts) Literature) ogy) Suzanne Braman Rounds (H igh H on ­ ture) M arielle E. Schwantes (H istory) Emma Louise Shepherd (English Lit­ Jane Soop Fletcher (English Litera­ ors— English Literature) Rosemary M yrtle Foulger (English erature) Literature) Ruth Carlton Shepherd (Psychology) Suzanne Kille Slaugh (English Lit­ erature) Lois A n n Smith (Psychology) Sarah Hyslop Spofford (H igh H on­ ors—Fine Arts) M ary A lzina Stone (H igh Honors— Anne Strong Gilbert (English Litera­ ture) Nathalie G oetter Goldstein (H on ­ ors—Psychology) Elizabeth-Barbara Graves (H igh Honors— Fine Arts) Norman W . Green (H istory) Linda Evelyn G ump (French) Sylvia M elanie Hand (Psychology) David A . H ansen (H istory) H istory) Barbara Harrison Smith (English Lit­ erature) 149 Lenorb M. Stoughton (Latin) Pamela Rogers T aylor (English Lit­ erature) R. Robb Taylor (H onors — English Lit­ erature) W anda A nne T yler (H istory) Elizabeth Stern Uhr (English Liter­ ature) Priscilla Shumway W ashburn (H igh Honors — French ) W illiam W aterfield, Jr. (English Lit­ erature) M aureen D olores W atson (History) Robert M orris W elsh (H igh Honors — English Literature) W illiam John W eston (English Lit­ erature) Carolyn W ilcox (Fine A rts) Elizabeth M ary W ilkinson (H onors — English Literature) Katherine Jane W orth (English Lit­ erature) Cornelia R o c k w b l l W heeler (French) ♦Alfred J. W robel (H istory) A nne Carter Y oumans (English Lit­ erature) In the Division of the Social Sciences Thomas M . A ltaffer (H igh Honors— H istory) \ D ennis M . A lward (H istory) Robert H ugh A splundh (Econom ics) Horace Crookham A yres, Jr. (P olit­ ical Science) Robert M arland Bailey (Economics) Isaac Lucius Battin, Jr. (H igh H on­ ors— Philosophy) James Monahan Beshers (H onors— History) A my Blatchford (Political Science) N ancy Jeannette Boden (Psychol­ ogy) Presley Robert Brown (Econom ics) Evans H. Burn (Econom ics) W oodward Lee Carter, Jr. (H igh Honors— H istory) N ancy N oel Cliffe (Psychology) * John Phelps Corya (Econom ics) James Floyd W right Cox (Political Science) Judith Louise D emond (Economics) T homas Frederick D ernburg (H igh Honors —Economics) Sandra Lord D etwiler (H igh Honors — Economics) John W alter High, Jr. (History) George Catron Hoffmann (Political Science) Stafford G orman W hittle John­ ston (H igh Honors — H istory) Ronald W inthrop Jones (H igh H on­ ors— Economics ) Robert Blodgett Kyle, Jr. (Eco­ nom ics) James A vra Lands (History) Franz Sigmund Josef Leichter (High Honors-^-History) D onald J. Lloyd-Jones (Economics) Ronald P. Maddox (History) Anne M artin M aurice (H onors— Philosophy) D onald H. Mawson (H onors —Eco­ nomics) Beverly Louise Miller (Psychology) Ellis Robert Mottur (H onors —His­ tory) D onald Edward Pearson (H onors— Political Science) T homas A ndrew Reiner (H igh H on­ ors— Political Science) Richard N ewton Rosecrance (H igh Honors— Political Science) ♦Richard W . D ole, Jr. (Psychology) Eugene Jay Finkel (H onors— H istory) Paul M orton Gaston (H igh Honors — H istory) Robert Eugene G ernert (Economics) Robert W oodruff Hamilton (H igh Honors —Economics) Charles Griffith Hankins, III (E co­ nom ics) G eorge A ndrews Hay, Jr. (H onors— Economics) W alter D ouglas Schmitz (Econom­ ics) Surjo Sediono (Political Science— In­ ternational Relations) Raymond Fulton Smith, Jr. (Econom­ ics) Susanne Hardick Smith (Political Science) Ross Leland Snyder, Jr. (Psychology) Frederic N eil Spotts (H onors — Polit­ ical Science) Richard Eddy H eath (H onors — Eco­ nomics) John Conrad H enefer (Political Sci­ ence) As of June 11,. 1951. 150 W illiam W illard Stover (Econom ics) W illiam Raymond Sutton (Political Science) Richard W addington (H onors — Eco­ Carol Lee T hompson (Political Sci­ nomics) ence) M alcolm W illison (H onors — History) W . Park W oodrow (H onors — Psychol­ J. Richard T omlinson (H istory) D. Charles V alsing (Political Science) Robert W alter W acha (Econom ics) ogy) In the Division o f Mathematics and the Natural Sciences Joan Berkowitz (H igh Barbara Anne Lower (H onors — Mathematics) Laura Caroline Maurer (Highest Honors — Physics) Elspeth M ary Monro (Biology) Arthur S. Obermayer (H igh Honors — Chemistry) Evelyn Betsy Popky (Mathematics) D avid D ickinson Potter (H igh H on­ Honors— Chemistry) Philip W illiams Brandt (B iology) A nne Chapin Buel (Mathematics) Peter Calingaert (H igh Honors— Physics) Susan T ownsend Carver (Z o o lo g y ) fWiLLiAM W allace D owney, Jr. ( Z o ­ ology) John Ridgway D urant (Z o o lo g y ) Roger A llen Feldman (Z o o lo g y ) M axine Frank (H igh Honors— Chem­ ors— Z oolog y ) Robert Blake Reeves (H igh Honors— Zoology) ♦Harvey Clayton T aylor (Mathe­ matics ) V ivianne Thimann (H ighest Honors— Zoology) Richard Curtis W illmott (Honors— Mathematics) Louis Marshall W iner (H igh Honors —Mathematics) Barbara Claire W olff (H ighest H on­ ors—Zoology) Eldon G . W oodcock (Mathematics) istry) Laurence W illiam Fredrick (Mathe­ matics ) Sarah T . G rinnell (Z o o lo g y ) A very Robert Harrington (H onors— Psychology) Julia H arvey (Z o o lo g y ) Malcolm Hill (Psychology) N orman H . Kiess (Physics) Louis A . Kislik (Mathematics) M argaret Knipp (Z o o lo g y ) Bachelor of S c ie n c e In the Division o f Engineering George W illiam Place, Jr. (Mechan­ W illiam B. Brosius, Jr . (Mechanical ical Engineering) Engineering) W illiam John Porter, Jr. (Mechan­ G uy A nthony Brusca (Electrical En­ ical Engineering) gineering) M ichael S. Remorenko (Electrical G eorge W ai Y ue Chang (Mechanical Enginering) Engineering) H enry M . Rueger (Mechanical Engi­ Robert A llen D exter (Electrical En­ neering) gineering) A lbert Fernandez (Mechanical En­ Laurie Ernest W illiam Seaman (C iv­ gineering) il Engineering) Paul A rthur H ummer (Mechanical John Reed Smucker, III (C ivil Engi­ Engineering) neering) Charles Edward Jeanne (Electrical Harold J. Swartout (Mechanical En­ Engineering) gineering) A lan Bertram Kamman (C ivil En­ Lewis Leland Tanguy, Jr . (Electrical gineering) Engineering) D avid H enry Lemke (C ivil Engineer­ Robert Franklin T aylor, II (C ivil in g ) .! Engineering) Arthur R. Lewis (Mechanical Engi­ T obe M . W einshenker (Electrical En­ neering) gineering) Edward Paxson (C ivil Engineering) Elmer Louis W inkler (Mechanical John Randolph Peet (C ivil Engi­ Engineering) neering) M aster of Jack H ahn (Psychology) * As of June 11, 1951. f As of June 12, 1950. A rts Jack N achmias (Psychology) 151 Enrollment o f Students b y Classes, 1951-52 M en W om en Total ......... ......... ......... ......... 100 116 120 132 83 98 102 115 183 214 222 247 T o t a l ............ ......... Special .................... ........... Graduate ................ ......... 468 6 3 398 4 0 866 10 477 402 879 Seniors ..................... Juniors ..................... Sophomores ........... Freshmen ................ 3 Geographical Distribution 217 210 92 52 39 32 26 20 18 11 11 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 152 Maine .................................................. M o n ta n a ............................................ Oklahoma ......................................... O r e g o n ......... s ................................... South C a ro lin a .................................. South D a k o ta ..................................... Hawaii ................................................ Virgin Islands .................................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total number o f students from U . S. and territories 840 Nigeria . Brazil . . Canada . China . . France . . Germany England Colombia Indonesia Japan . . Jordan . Ethiopia Egypt .................................................. Holland .............................................. India .................................................. Italy ....................................................... Israel ............................................... . Libya ........................ Lebanon ............................................. P h ilip p in e s ........................... Total from A b r o a d .............. Grand T o t a l ................................ h-‘ ls >l s) K > io v > >v » o av >» < jiV > 44 ^ Pennsylvania....................................... N ew Y o r k ......................................... N ew Jersey ....................................... M assachusetts..................................... Maryland ........................................... Illinois ................................................ District o f C o lu m b ia ....................... O hio .................................................... Connecticut ......................... . ........... C a lifo r n ia ........................................... Virginia .............................., ............. I n d ia n a ................................................ Florida ................................................ Michigan ........................................... W isconsin ......................................... C o lo r a d o ............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Delaware ........................................... Minnesota ......................................... M is s o u r i............................................. W est V ir g in ia ................. North Carolina ................................ N ew Hampshire .............................. Rhode I s la n d ..................................... Texas .................................................. V e r m o n t .............................................. A la b a m a ............... N eb ra sk a ...................................... W ashington ....................................... Arizona .............................................. Iowa .................................................... Louisiana ........................................... T e n n e sse e........................................... A rk a n sa s............................................. Georgia ................ ?’........................... I d a h o ............................. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 39 879 Recent Publications About Swarthmore College Aydelotte, Frank, Breaking the Academic Lockstep; the Development o f Honors W ork in American Colleges and Universities, N . Y ., Harper, 1944. Blanshard, Brand, T w o Swarthmore Presidents. 73, 687-89. Oct. 19-26, 1940. Friends Intelligencer, v. 97, p. 671- Carter, Boyd G., Swarthmore under Frank Aydelotte. leges Bulletin, v. 28, p. 316-19. 183 p. Association o f American Col­ May 1942. Gager, Charles S., Theatres, Gardens and Horticulture. Science, v. 95, p. 635-39. June 26, 1942. G oing Concern. Time. v. 35, p. 42-43. March 4, 1940. Nason, John W ., Cooperation between Haverford, Bryn Mawr and Swarthmore. Haverford Review, v. 1, p. 4-7. Autumn 1941. Nicholson, Arnold W ., People’s Garden. Saturday Evening Post. v. 217, p. 26-27. A pril 14, 1945. Shaw, Charles B., Library Cooperation between Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarth­ more. Haverford Review, v. 1, p. 24-26. Summer 1942. Swarthmore College, The Inauguration o f John W illiam Nason as President o f Swarthmore College, October 26, 1940. 38, no. 5; First Month 1941. 63 p. In Bulletin o f Swarthmore College, v. Swarthmore College Faculty, Adventure in Education: Swarthmore College under Frank Aydelotte. N . Y . Macmillan, 1941. 236 p. W alton, Jean B., Recent Changes in Group Activities Program at Swarthmore College. Journal o f the National Association o f Deans of W om en, 164-65. June 1943. v. 6, p. W ister, John C., The Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation: History: January 1, 1930 to December 31, 1939. lege. v. 37, no. 5. Sixth Month 1940. 89 p. Y oder, Robert M ., Station-Wagon College. p. 40. October 8, 1949. 153 a Ten Year In Bulletin o f Swarthmore Col­ Saturday Evening Post. v. 222, no. 15, Index Absence from Classes and Collection, 59 Absence from Examinations, 60, 61 Academic Requirements, committee on, 18, 60 Addams, Jane, Peace Collection (See Swarthmore College Peace Collection) Administrative Officers, 19-21 Admissions Procedure, 28-30 Application Dates, 29 Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests, 29, 30 School Subjects Recommended, 29 Advanced Degrees, 62-63. Advanced Standing, 30 Advisers, 47 Alumnae Scholarship, 35 Alumni Association, Officers of, 10 Alumni Council, 10 Alumni Office, 47 Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Founda­ tion, 43-44 Astronomical Observatories, 41, 68 Astronomy, Courses in, 68-70 Athletic Fields, see Map, 158 Athletics and Physical Education, 131-133 Atkinson (Barclay G .) Scholarship, 38 Atkinson (Rebecca M .) Scholarship, 38 Attendance at Classes and Collection, 59 Automobiles, Regulations concerning, 48 Awards and Prizes, 64-65 Bachelor o f Arts Degree, 62 Bachelor o f Science Degree, 62 Baker, (G eorge F .) Scholarships, 33 Benjamin W est House, 44 Benjamin W est Society, 44 Bibliography o f Swarthmore, 153 Biddle Memorial Library, Honorary Cur­ ators of, 21 Biology, Courses in, 71-76 Board o f Managers, Committees of, 9 Board o f Managers, Members of, 8 Book Bill, 31 Botany, Courses in, 71-73 B uildings, see Map, 158 Activities and Class Lodges Astronomical Observatories Bartol Research Foundation Bassett House Beardsley Hall Benjamin W est House Biddle Memorial Library Bond Memorial Chemistry, Hall o f Faculty Residences Field House Hall Gymnasium Hicks Hall Isaac H . Clothier Memorial Library Building Martin (Edw ard) Biological Labor­ atory Meeting House Palmer Hall Pittenger Hall Parrish Hall Roberts Hall Scott (Arthur H oyt) Outdoor A udi­ torium Somerville H all (Gymnasium for W om en ) Sproul Observatory Students’ Observatory Swimming Pools Thomas House Trotter Hall Wharton Hall W orth Hall Bunting (Ella Frances) Extemporaneous Speaking Contest, 64 Calendar, College, 5-6 Calendar, Lunar, 4 Chemistry, Courses in, 77-81 Chi Omega Scholarship, 38 Churches, 45 Class o f 1913 Loan Fund, 39 Class o f 1915 Scholarship Fund, 37 Class o f 1916 Loan Fund, 39 Classics, Courses in, 82-85 Collection, 46 Collection Attendance, Regulation con­ cerning, 46, 60 College Community, 25 College Entrance Examinations, 29-30 College Jobs, 33 Committees o f the Board o f Managers, 9 Committees o f the Faculty, 18 Comprehensive Examinations, 53, 55, 60, Cooper (Sarah Kaighn) Scholarship, 35 Cooper (W illia m J.) Foundation, 42-43 Cooperation with Neighboring Institu­ tions, 24, 146 Corporation, Officers of, 8 Index Course Advisers, 47, 56 Courses of Instruction, 67-146 Astronomy, 68-70 Biology, 71-76 Chemistry, 77-81 Classics, 82-85 Economics, 86-88 Engineering, 89-99 Civil, 91-93 Electrical, 94-97 Mechanical, 98-99 English Literature, 100-104 Fine Arts, 105-107 History, 108-111 International Relations, 112-136 Mathematics, 113-116 Modern Languages, 117-124 Music, 125-126 Philosophy and Religion, 127-130 Physical Education for Men, 131 Physical Education for W om en, 132133 Physics, 134-135 Political Science, 136-140 Psychology and Education, 141-145 Russian Studies, 146 Crane Prize, 64 Curators o f Biddle Memorial Library, 21 Cutting (Bronson M .) Collection, 44 Degrees, 62-63 Advanced Engineering Bachelor o f Arts Bachelor o f Science Master o f Arts Master o f Science Degrees Conferred, 149-151 Dining Rooms, 45 Directions for Correspondence, 2 Directions for Reaching the College, 24 Divisions and Departments, 17 Dormitories, 45 Dorsey (W illia m ) Scholarship, 38 Economics, Courses in, 86-88 Education, Courses in, 141, 144 Education, Physical, 131-133 Educational Program, 26, 51-59 Ellsler (G eorge) Scholarship, 38 Emeritus Professors, 11 Engineering, Courses in, 89-99 Engineering, Degrees in, 52, 61-63, 89 English Literature, Courses in, 100-104 Entrance Requirements, 28-30 Examination Regulations, 60-61 Examinations, College Board, 29, 30 Exclusion from College, 61 Expenses, 31 Extra or Fewer Courses, 60 Extra-Curricular Activities, 49-50 Faculty, Members of, 11-16 Faculty Regulations, 48, 59-61 Fees (Tuition, Residence, etc.), 31 Fellowships, 65-66 Ferguson (D onald R enw ick), Scholarship, 34 Fine Arts, Courses in, 105-107 Foreign Language Requirements, 54, 55 Foreign Students, 152 French, Courses in, 117-120 Friends College Scholarships, 39 Friends Historical Library, 41-42 Friends Meeting, 45 Geographical Distribution o f Students, 152 German Language and Literature, Courses in, 120-122 Gillingham (Joseph E .) Fund, 38 Grades, 60 Graduation, Requirements for, 61-62 Grants-in-aid, 33 Greek Language and Literature, Courses in, 82 Hayes (John Russell) Poetry Prizes, 65 Health, Care o f Student, 46-47 Hillborn (Rachel W .) Scholarship, 37 History, Courses in, 108-111. Honors W ork, 56-58 Admission to, 58 Combinations o f Majors and Minors, 57-58 Examinations, 57 Examiners, 57, 148 Housing, 25, 45 Infirmaries, 46-47 s Insurance, Accident and Sickness, 32, 47 International Relations, Courses in, 112, 136 Italian, Courses in, 122-123 Ivins (Aaron B .) Scholarship, 34 Ivy Award, 64 Index Johnson (G eorge K . and Sallie K .) Fund, 35 Johnson (H ow ard C ooper) Scholarship, 34 Kappa Alpha Theta Scholarship Fund, 36 Kovalenko (Jessie Stevenson) Scholarship, 36 Latin Language and Literature, Courses in, 83-84 Leedom (Hannah A .) Fellowship, 65 Leedom (Thomas L .) Scholarship, 38 Libraries, 41-42 Biddle Memorial, 41 College, 41 Friends Historical, 42 Lilly (Scott B .) Scholarship, 34 Lippincott (Joshua) Fellowship, 65 Lippincott (Sarah E .) Scholarship, 38 Loans to Students, 33, 39 Location o f the College, 24 Lockwood (Joh n ) Memorial Fellowship, 65 Longstreth (Mary T .) Scholarship, 36 Lucretia M ott Fellowship, 65 Managers, Board of, 7, 8 M ap o f College Grounds, 158-159 Martin Biological Laboratory, 41 Mary Lyon School Property, 45 Mathematics, Courses in, 113-116 McCabe Engineering Award, 64 McCabe (Thomas B .) Scholarship, 34 Meeting House, 45 M en’s Student Government, 49 M iller (James E .) Scholarship, 38 M iller (John A .) Loan Fund, 40 M oon, Owen, Fund for Public Speaking, 64 Morrell (L o is) Poetry Award, 64 M ott (Lucretia) Fellowship, 65 Music, Courses in, 125-126 New ton (A . Edward) Library Prize, 64 Oak Leaf Award, 64 Observatories, Astronomical, 41, 68 Open Scholarships for Men, 34 Open Scholarships for W om en, 35 Paiste (H arriet) Fund, 36 Palmer Hall, 45 Parrish Hall, 45 Pearson (Paul M .) Loan Fund, 40 Perkins (T . H . D udley) Memorial Scholarship, 34 Philosophy, Courses in, 127-130 Physical Education for Men, 130 Physical Education for W om en, 132-133 Physical Education Requirements, 61, 131133 Physics, Courses in, 134-135 Pittenger Hall, 45 Plan o f College Grounds, 158-159 Political Science, Courses in, 136-140 Potter (W m . Plummer) Public Speaking Fund, 64 Pre-Medical Program, 59 Presser Music Scholarships, 38 Preston (Mary Coates) Scholarship Fund, 35 Prizes, 64-65 Program of Study, 52-59 For Freshmen and Sophomores, 5355 For Juniors and Seniors, 55-58 Honors W ork, 56-58 Pre-Medical Program, 59 Psychology, Courses in, 141-145 Public Speaking Prizes, 64 Reeves (M ark E .) Scholarship, 38 Religion, Courses in, 127-130 Religious Life, 45-46 Requirements for Admission, 28-30 Requirements for Graduation, 61-62 Residence, Regulations concerning, 45, 62 Roberts Hall, 45 Russian Studies,. Courses in, 146 Scholarships, List of, 33-39 Scholastic Aptitude Test, 29, 30 Scott (Arthur H oyt) Horticultural Foun­ dation, 43-44 Serrill (W illia m G . and Mary N .) Schol­ arship, 35 Shoemaker (A n n ie) Scholarship, 35 Sicard (Katherine B .) Prize, 64 Sigma X i Fellowship, 66 Social Committee, 49 Somerville Committee, 49 Spanish, Courses in, 123-124 Sproul (M ary) Scholarship, 38 Squier (H elen ) Scholarship, 38 Index Underhill (D an iel) Scholarship, 37 W est, Benjamin, Society, 44 Westbury Quarterly Meeting Scholarship, 38 W harton Hall, 45 W harton (Deborah F .) Scholarship, 38 W hite Open Scholarships for W om en, 31 W illets (Samuel) Fund, 39 W illiam J. Cooper Foundation, 42-43 W illiams (Ellis D .) Fund, 40 W illiam son (I. V . ) Scholarships, 39 W ilson (Edward Clarkson) Scholarship, 37 W om en’s Student Government Associa­ tion, 49 W o o d (M ary) Fund, 36 W oodnutt (Thom as) Scholarship, 38 W oolm an House, 45 W orth Hall, 45 Vocational Advising, 47 Zoology, Courses in, 73-76 States, Summary o f Students by, 152 Student Aid, 33 Student Council, 49 Student’s Handbook, 50 Sullivan (Joseph T .) Scholarship, 38 Sullivan (Marshal P .) Scholarship, 36 Summer School W ork , 61 Swarthmore College Peace Collection, 42 Swarthmore College Student Loan Fund, 40 Taylor, (Jonathan K .) Scholarship, 37 Thome (Phebe Anna) Fund, 37 Tuition and Other Fees, 31 Tuition Plan, 31-32 Tyson (Martha E .) Fellowship, 65 157 1 Wharton Hall Sproul Observatory Hall Gymnasium ■ Parrish Hall H ockey Field Tennis Courts Beardsley Hall 8 Trotter Hall I Somerville Gymnasium 10 College Library and Biddle Memorial Library I I T he Hall o f Chemistry 12 Cunningham H ouse 13 Benjamin W est H ouse 14 The M eeting H ouse 15 Faculty H ouses 16 T he President's H ouse 17 Swarthmore Field 18 Alumni Field 19 Pow er Plant 20 Employees’ Dorm itory 21 T he Swimming Pools 22 W hittier H ouse 23 Book and K ey H ouse 24 H icks Hall 25 T he Railroad Station 26 Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity Lodge 21 D elta Upsilon Fraternity Lodge 28 Phi Sigma Kappa Fra­ ternity Lodge 29 Kappa Sigma Fraternity Lodge 30 W orth Dormitory 31 W oolm an H ouse 32 Phi D elta Theta Frater­ nity Lodge 33 Bond Memorial and W om en’ s Class and Activities Lodges 34 Bartol Foundation Labor­ atory 35 Clothier Memorial 36 Arthur H oyt Scott Audi­ torium 57 Employees’ Houses 38 Lamb-Miller Field H ouse and M orris L. Clothier Fields 39 Palmer, Pittenger a n d Roberts Halls 40 Edward Martin Biolog­ ical Laboratory 41 Bassett House \\ ' 23 IS if2m o7X 5 •Sosie (Jottege