SW ARTHM ORE COLLEGE B U L L E T IN CATALOGUE 1947-1948 T he Bulletin, of which this publication is Volume XLV, No. 2, is pub­ lished quarterly by Swarthmore College, from the College Office, Swarthmore, Pa. Entered at the post office at Swarthmore, Pa., as second-class matter, in .accordance with provision of the Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. Printed in U. 8. A. Wm T h e Isaac I I . C lothier M em orial. SWARTHMORE COLLEGE BULLETIN CATALOGUE 1947-1948 SW ARTHM ORE, PENNSYLVANIA Volume XLV Number 2 Eleventh Month, 1947 Directions for Correspondence For information about: GENERAL COLLEGE POLICY J ohn W. N ason, President J ames A. P erkins, Vice-President ADMISSIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS For men: D ean E verett L. H unt For women: D ean Susan P. C obbs RECORDS, TRANSCRIPTS AND CATALOGUES L. R. Shero , Registrar , FINANCIAL INFORMATION C harles G. T hatcher, Business Manager VOCATIONAL PLACEMENT AND GUIDANCE C arl K. D ellmuth , Vocational Director for Men A lice L. M oran, Associate Dean ALUMNI AFFAIRS C arl K. D ellmuth , Alumni Secretary GENERAL INFORMATION J anet M. B aldwin , Director of Publicity DIRECTORY OF FACULTY AND STUDENTS Obtainable upon request to the Registrar SWARTHMORE COLLEGE • SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA Table of Contents PAGE Calendar ....................... .. .. .......................... ..................................................................... 4 P ersonnel ............................................................................................................................... 7 T h e Corporation and T h e Bbard of M an ag ers....................................................... 8 T h e F a c u lty ......................................................................................................... Divisions and Departm ents ........................................................................................ 18 Standing Committees .................................................................................................. 19 Administrative Officers and Assistants .................................................................. 20 Honorary Curators of the Biddle Memorial Library .. ....................................... 22 10 I ntroduction to Swarthmore College ........................................................................ 28 T h e College C o m m u n ity ............................................................ Admissions Procedure ........................................................................ - ................... 26 Policy Tow ard Veterans ........................................ ...'............... ............................. 29 Expenses ......................................................................................................................... 31 Scholarships and Student A i d ...... ........................................................................... 32 Educational R eso u rces................................................................................................ 41 College Life .................................................................................................................... 45 Student Community .................................................................................................... 47 T he Educational P rogram .............................................................................................. 49 Program for Freshmen and Sophom ores.......................................................... 51 Program for Juniors and Seniors .............................................................................. 53 Honors W o r k .................................................................................................................. 54 Pre-Medical Program .................................................................................................. 57 Faculty Regulations .................................................................................................... 58 R equirem ents for G ra d u a tio n ................................................... Advanced Degrees ........................................................................................................ 62 Awards and Prizes ........................................................................................................ 63 Fellowships ...................................................................................................................... 65 Courses of I nstruction ...................................................................................................... 67 Botany ......................................................................... Chemistry ........................................................................................................................ 70 Classics .................................................................... E conom ics........................................................................................................................ 76 Engineering ................................................................. English ............................................................................................................................ ®9 Fine Arts ........................................................................... German Language and L ite r a tu r e ............................................... History . | p B ........ -............................................................. ................................... 98 Music ............................................................................................................................... Philosophy and Religion ............................................................................ Physical Education for M e n ....................................................................................... Physical Education for W o m e n ................................................................................. Physics ........................................................................................................................... Political Science ........................................................................................................... Psychology and Education ......................................................................................... Romance Languages ............................................................. Zoology ........................................................................................................................... R eference Section ..................................................................... Visiting Examiners ..................................................................................................... Degrees Conferred ................................................................................ D istribution of Students .......................................................................................... Bibliography of Swarthmore, 1939-1947 ............................................................... Index ............................................................................................................................... Plan of College Grounds ..................................................................................... 3 24 62 95 1®7 198 Ill 112 114 116 119 12 126 1 130 132 135 136 138 144 1947 s 5 12 19 26 OCTOBER M T W T 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 F 3 10 17 24 31 S 4 II 18 25 NOVEMBER S M T W T F 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 4 II 18 25 5 6 7 12 13 14 19 20 21 26 27 28 S 1 8 15 22 29 DECEMBER S M T W T F 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 II 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 S 6 13 20 27 SEPTEMBER S M T W T F 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 S 4 H 18 25 1948 S 4 II 18 25 S 1 8 15 22 29 JANUARY M T W T 1 5 6 7 8 12 13 14 15 19 20 21 22 26 27 28 29 M 2 9 16 23 S M 1 7 8 14 15 21 22 28 29 S M 4 5 II 12 18 19 25 26 F 2 9 16 23 30 S 3 10 17 24 31 FEBRUARY T W T F 3 4 5 6 10 II 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27 S 7 14 21 28 M ARCH T W T 2 3 4 9 10 II 16 17 18 23 24 25 30 31 APRIL T W T 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29 F 5 12 19 26 S 6 13 20 27 F 2 9 16 23 30 S 3 10 17 24 M AY S M T W T F 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 5 6 7 II 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28 JUNE S M T W T 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 29 30 JULY S M T W T 1 4 5 6 7 8 II 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 AUGUST S M T W T 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 II 12 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 31 S 8 15 22 29 F 4 II 18 25 S 5 12 19 26 F 2 9 16 23 30 S 3 10 17 24 31 F 6 13 20 27 S 7 14 21 28 F 4 II 18 25 S 5 12 19 26 F 1 8 15 22 29 S 2 9 16 23 30 OCTOBER S M T W T F 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 II 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 NOVEMBER S M T W T F 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 II 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 DECEMBER S M T W T F 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 S 2 9 16 23 30 S 6 13 20 27 S 4 II 18 25 1949 JANUARY S M T W T F 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 FEBRUARY T W T F 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 II 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 28 S M 6 13 20 27 4 5 6 7 II 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28 S 1 8 15 22 29 S 5 12 19 26 S M 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 M ARCH T W T 1 2 3 8 9 10 15 16 17 22 23 24 29 30 31 APRIL S M T W T 3 10 17 24 4 II 18 25 5 12 19 26 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 4 M AY T W T 3 4 5 10 II 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 31 F 6 13 20 27 S 7 14 21 28 JUNE S M T W T 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 30 F 3 10 17 24 S 4 II 18 25 S 1 8 15 22 29 M 2 9 16 23 30 College Calendar 1947 Winter Semester Ninth Month 19-21 ............. Freshman placement days Ninth Month 22 ................... Registration, 1:30 p.m. Ninth Month 23 ................... Classes and honors seminars begin Eleventh Month 2 7 ............... Thanksgiving Day (holiday) Twelfth Month 20 ................Christmas recess begins, 11:00 a.m. 1948 First First First First Month Month Month Month First Month First First First First First First Month Month Month Month Month Month 5 ....................... Christmas recess ends, 8:00 a.m. 1 0 ..................... Classes end for second-semester seniors 1 5 ..................... Honors seminars end 1 7 ..................... Classes end Registration, 1:30 p.m. 19, 2 0 ............... Review period for course students Senior written comprehensives 2 0 ..................... Honors written examinations begin 21 ..................... Mid-year examinations begin 2 6 .....................Honors seminars begin for Spring semester 28 ..................... Honors written examinations end 2 9 .....................Mid-year examinations end 30, 31 ............... Honors oral examinations Spring Semester Second Month 2 ...................Classes begin Third Month 2 7 ...................Spring recess begins, 11:00 a.m. Fourth Month 5 .'................. Spring recess ends, 8:00 a.m. Fifth Month 8 .......................Honors seminars end Fifth Month 1 5 ..................... Classes end for second-semester seniors Fifth Month 1 8 ........... .........Honors written examinations begin Fifth Month 2 2 .................... Classes end Enrollment in classes for winter term, 1:30 p.m. Fifth Month 24, 25 ............... Review period for course students Senior written comprehensives Fifth Month 2 6 ..................... Honors written examinations end ' Final examinations begin Fifth Month 27-29 ............... Honors oral examinations Sixth Month 3 ...................... Final examinations end Sixth Month 4 ...................... Class Day Sixth Month 5 ...................... Alumni Day Sixth Month 6 ...................... Baccalaureate Day Sixth Month 7 ................Commencement Day 5 1948 Winter Semester Ninth Month 17-19 ............. Freshman placement days Ninth Month 2 0 ................... Registration, 1:30 p.m. Ninth Month 2 1 ................... Classes and honors seminars begin Eleventh Month 2 5 ............. Thanksgiving Day (holiday) Twelfth Month 1 8 ............... Christmas recess begins, ll:00'a.m. 1949 First Month 3 ...................... Christmas recess ends, 8:00 a.m. First Month 8 ...................... Classes end for second-semester seniors First Month 1 5 ............... . Classes and honors seminars end Registration, 1:30 p.m. First Month 17, 1 8 ............... Review period for course students Senior written comprehensives First Month 1 9 .....................Mid-year examinations begin First Month 2 4 .....................Honors seminars begin for spring semester First Month 2 7 .....................Mid-year, examinations end Spring Semester First Month 31 ..................... Classes begin T hird Month 2 6 ................... Spring recess begins, 11:00 a.m. Fourth Month 4 ................... Spring recess ends, 8:00 a.m. Fifth Month 7 ...................... Honors seminars end Fifth Month 1 4 .................... Classes end for second-semester seniors Fifth Month 1 6 .................... Honors written examinations begin Fifth Month 2 1 .................... Classes end Enrollment in classes for winter semester, 1:30 p.m. Fifth Month 23, 24 ............... Review period for course students Senior written comprehensives Fifth Month 2 4 ..................... Honors written examinations end Fifth Month 25 ......................Final examinations begin Fifth Month 26-28 ............... Honors oral examinations Sixth Month 2 ..................... Final examinations end Sixth Month 3 .....................Class Day Sixth Month 4 .....................Alumni Day Sixth Month 5 .....................Baccalaureate Day Sixth Month 6 .....................Commencement Day 6 PE R S O N N E L OF SWARTHMORE COLLEGE The Corporation H oward Cooper J ohnson, President 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa. Claude C. Smith , Vice-President 1617 Land T itle Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. Ada Graham Clement, Secretary Meeting House Road, Jenkintown, Pa. E dward B. T emple , Treasurer 315 Maple Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. Board of Managers Emeriti R obert H. W alker, York Rd. and Walker Ave., Govans P. O., Baltimore 2, Md. H etty L ippincott M iller, Riverton, N. J. E lsie P almer Brown, 1622 Twenty-ninth St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Charles F. J enkins, 232 South Seventh St., Philadelphia 6, Pa. H enry C. T urner, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. Term expires Twelfth Month, 1947 I saac H. Clothier, J r ., 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa. Barclay W hite , 22 N. Thirty-sixth Street, Philadelphia 4, Pa. E leanor Stabler Clarke, Crumwald Farm, Wallingford, Pa. Claude C. Smith , 1617 Land T itle Building, Philadelphia 10, Pa. T homas B. M cCabe, Front and Market Streets, Chester, Pa. Anna E ncle T aylor, 8240 Fairview Road, Philadelphia 17, Pa. B oyd T. B arnard, 914 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. •W illiam W est T omlinson, 1317 Medford Road, Wynnewood, Pa. Term expires Twelfth Month, 1948 T. Stockton M atthews, South and Redwood Streets, Baltimore 3, Md. M ary L ippincott G riscom, 314 East Central Avenue, Moorestown, N. J. Ada G raham Clement , Meeting House Road, Jenkintown, Pa. L ydia F oulke T aylor, 23 Summit Avenue, Larchmont, N. Y. E dith W ilson J ackson, 317 North Chester Road, Swarthmore, Pa. F rank Aydelotte, 88 Battle Road, Princeton, N. J. P hilip T. Sharples, 23rd and Westmoreland Streets, Philadelphia 40, Pa. •E dmund G. R obinson, 909 Nottingham Road, Wilmington, Del. Term expires Twelfth Month, 1949 H oward Cooper J ohnson, 801 Market Street, Philadelphia 7, Pa. R obert E. L amb, 843 North Nineteenth Street, Philadelphia 30, Pa. P hebe U nderhill Seaman, Jericho, N. Y. R uth P otter Ashton, 409 Elm Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. E lisabeth H allowell Bartlett, 1922 Mt. Royal Terrace, Baltimore 17, Md. N icholas Kelley, 70 Broadway, New York 4, N. Y. Edward P. P almer, 50 Church Street, New York 7, N. Y. •E leanor R unk R eppert , 746 Limekiln Pike, Glenside, Pa. Term expires Twelfth Month, 1950 R obert P yle, West Grove, Pa. E dward B. T emple , 315 Maple Avenue, Swarthmore, Pa. Clement M. Biddle, P. O. Box 743, Church St. Sta., New York 8, N. Y. H adassah M oore L eeds, 1025 Westview Street, Philadelphia 19, Pa. I sabel J enkins Booth, 400 Delaware Street, New Castle, Del. H elen W ilson G awthrop, R. D. 2, Wilmington, Del. T heodore W iding, 800 Lincoln-Liberty Building, Philadelphia 7, Pa. • N ora R. B ooth , 2105 W alnut Street, Philadelphia 5, Pa. • Nominated by the Alumni Association. 8 C o m m it t e e s of the B oard The President is ex-Officio a Member of Every Committee Executive Edith W ilson J ackson Claude C. Smith E dward B. T emple R uth P otter Ashton T homas B. McCabe H adassah Moore L eeds Boyd T . B arnard T heodore W iding Barclay W hite M ary L ippincott Griscom I saac H. Clothier, J r. R obert E. L amb R obert P yle Ada Graham Clement L ydia Foulke T aylor Eleanor Stabler Clarke Finance T heodore W iding E dward B. T emple Clement M. Biddle Claude C. Smith N icholas Kelley Barclay W hite E dmund G. R obinson Instruction and Libraries Claude C. Smith H elen W ilson G awthrop T heodore W iding F rank Aydelotte Clement M. Biddle E dward P. P almer R uth P otter Ashton R obert P yle P hebe U nderhill Seaman Edith W ilson J ackson H adassah M oore L eeds L ydia F oulke T aylor Properly Barclay W hite R obert E. L amb Boyd T . B arnard R obert P yle W illiam W est T omlinson Mary L ippincott G riscom Edward B. T emple Trusts H oward Cooper J ohnson I saac H . Clothier, J r. T . Stockton M atthews Edward B. T emple B oyd T . Barnard T homas B. M cCabe Household and Student Affairs M ary L ippincott Griscom Ada Graham Clement E leanor Stabler Clarke Elisabeth H allo well B artlett I sabel J enkins B ooth Anna E ngle T aylor E leanor R unk R eppert N ora R. Booth Nominating E dmund G. R obinson R obert E. L amb Ada Graham Clement Barclay W hite H elen W ilson G awthrop H adassah M oore L eeds 9 The Faculty • J ohn W. N ason, President......................................................................324 Cedar Lane B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A., Harvard University; LL.D., University of Pennsylvania; Litt.D., Muhlenberg College; Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia. J ames A. P erkins, Vice-President............................................ 925 Strath Haven Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Princeton University. Susan P. Cobbs, Dean and Professor of Classics........................................ W est House B.A., Randolph-Macon Woman’s College; M.A., New York University; Ph.D., University of Chicago. E verett L. H unt , Dean and Professor of English.............................604 Elm Avenue B.A., Huron College; M.A.. University of Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College. J ohn M. M oore, Associate D ean............................................................. 2 W hittier Place B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard Uni­ versity; Ph.D., Columbia University. Alice L. M oran, Associate Dean................................................... .. .519 W alnut Lane B.S., Purdue University; M.A., Radcliffe College. J. D emaris Affleck, Assistant Dean................... ......................................... Parrish Hall B.A., Swarthmore College. J eptha J. Carrell, Assistant D e a n ................. 1908 Shunk Street, Philadelphia 45 B.A., Franklin and Marshall College. L. R. Shero, Registrar and Professor of Greek................... 651 North Chester Road B.A., Haverford College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A. and Ph.D., Univer­ sity of Wisconsin. Em e r it i Alfred M ansfield Brooks, Professor Emeritus of Fine A rts......... Gloucester, Mass. B.A., and M.A., Harvard University; M.A., Indiana University. H arold Clarke Goddard, Professor Emeritus of English..........1025 Harvard Avenue B.A., Amherst College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. H enrietta J osephine M eeteer, Professor Emeritus of Greek and Latin, 309 Warwick Road, Haddonfield, N. J. B.A., Indiana University; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. Clara P rice N ewport, Professor Emeritus of German Language and Literature, .. Hotel McAlpin, New York City B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Samuel Copeland P almer, Professor Emeritus of Botany, 26th and Chestnut Streets, Chester, Pa. B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. • Absent on leave Fall Semester. 10 P r o fesso rs M ary A lbertson , Professor of History ...................................................... 405 W alnut Lane B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Bryn Mawr College. Solomon E. A sch , Professor of Psychology........................................513 Elm Avenue B.S., College of the City of New York; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. Samuel T. C arpenter , Professor of Civil Engineering................. 8B W hittier Place B.C.E., C.E. and M.S., Ohio State University. E dward H. C ox , Professor of Chemistry..................................... . .8 W hittier Place B.S., Earlham College; M.A., Harvard University; Sc.D., University of Geneva. H enry Term ain M aude C reighton , Edmund Allen Professor of Chemistry, 515 Elm Avenue B.A. and M.A., Dalhousie University; M.Sc., University of Birmingham; D.Sc., Das eidgenössische Polytechnikum, Zürich. A rnold D resden, Edward H. Magill Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, 606 Elm Avenue M.S. and Ph.D., University of Chicago. R obert K. E nders, Professor of Zoology............. ; ......... ..................... 311 Elm Avenue B.A. and Ph.D., University of Michigan. • H erbert F. F raser, Professor of Economics.................................... Wallingford Hills M.A., University of Aberdeen; F.R.Econ.S. George D. H adzsits, Visiting Professor in Classics, Apartment F101, Hamilton Court, 39th and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of Michigan. P hilip Marshall H icks, Alexander Griswold Cummins Professor of English, 525 Elm Avenue B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. •L aurence I rving, Professor of Biology................. ..................................R. D. 3, Media B.A., Bowdoin College; M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Leland Stanford Junior University. H oward M alcolm J enkins, Professor of Electrical Engineering, 506 North Chester Road B.A. and E.E., Swarthmore College. W olfgang K ohler , Research Professor of Philosophy and Psychology, 603 Elm Avenue Dr. phil., University of Berlin; D.Sc., University of Pennsylvania. Scott B. L illy , Henry C. and J. Archer Turner Professor of Engineering, Plush Mill Road, Wallingford B.S., Michigan State College; C.E., Cornell University. P atrick M urphy M alin, Professor of Economics............. 221 N. Princeton Avenue B.S., University of Pennsylvania. •F rederick J. M anning, Isaac H. Clothier Professor of History, 4 Pennstone Road, Bryn Mawr B.A. and Ph.D., Yale University. Ross W. M arriott, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, 213 Lafayette Avenue B.A., Indiana University; M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Penn­ sylvania. J. R oland P ennock, Professor of Political Science.............................3 W hittier Place B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. E dith P hilips, Susan W. Lippincott Professor of French............. 517 Elm Avenue B.A., Goucher College; Docteur de l’Université de Paris. • Absent on leave. P aul Schrecker, Visiting Professor of Philosophy (on a joint appointment by Bryn Mawr College, Haverford College and Swarthmore College), PhJD., University of Berlin; LL.D., University of Vienna. 835 Harvard Avenue •(•Charles B. Shaw , Librarian.................................................................304 Park Avenue B.A. and M.A., Clark University. W alter Silz, Professor of German. ................................................ Wallingford Hills B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. P eter van de Kamp , Professor of Astronomy and Director of Sprout Observatory, 5 Whittier Place B.S. and M.S., University of Utrecht; Ph.D., University of California; D.Phil., University of Groningen. •C lair W ilcox, Professor of Economics............................................ 510 Ogden Avenue B.S., University of Pennsylvania; M.A., Ohio State University; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. •W inthrop R. W right, Morris L. Clothier Professor of Physics... .4 W hittier Place B.A. and Ph J)., University of Michigan. A s s o c ia t e P r o f e s s o r s R ichard B. Brandt, Associate Professor of Philosophy..................... 521 Elm Avenue B.A., Denison University; B.A., University of Cambridge; Ph.D., Yale Uni­ versity. H einrich Brinkmann, Associate Professor of Mathematics..............403 W alnut Lane B.A., Leland Stanford Junior University; M.A. and PhJX, Harvard University. R ichard S. Crutchfield, Associate Professor of Psychology................. 8 Crum Ledge B.S., California Institute of Technology; Ph.D., University of California. Carl K. Dellmuth , Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men and Director of Athletics.......................................................................... 120 South Chester Road B.A., Swarthmore College. R obert H. D unn, Associate Professor of Physical Education for Men, 811 Westdale Avenue B.S., Temple University. W. C. E lmore, Associate Professor of Physics............... 312 North Princeton Avenue B.S., Lehigh University; Ph.D., Yale University. D uncan G raham F oster, Associate Professor of Chemistry................. 15 Crest Lane B.A. and M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University. M ilan W. G arrett, Associate Professor of Physics... .336 North Princeton Avenue B.A. and M.A., Leland Stanford Junior University; B.A. and D. Phil., Uni­ versity of Oxford. W alter B. Keighton , J r ., Associate Professor of Chemistry............. 311 Cedar Lane B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Princeton University. L eslie M. L ipson, Associate Professor of Political Science................. 602 Elm Avenue B.A., M.A., University of Oxford; Ph.D., University of Chicago. H arold M. M arch, Associate Professor of F rench........................... 600 Elm Avenue BA., Princeton University; Ph.D., Yale University. J ohn D. M cCrumm , Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering. .515 Elm Avenue B.S. and M.S., University of Colorado. F rank C. P ierson, Associate Professor of Economics..................... 740 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., Columbia University. J ohn H imes P itman , Associate Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, 328 Vassar Avenue B.A. and M.A., Swarthmore College. Virginia R ath, Associate Professor of Physical Education for Women, 735 Yale Avenue BA., Hollins College; M.A., Columbia University. f Absent on leave Fall Semester. • Absent on leave. 12 W illiam E. R easer, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. .2 Crum Ledge B.S. in M.E., M.E.,- Lafayette College. W alter J. Scott, Associate Professor of Zoology................. S06 North Chester Road ph.B., Lafayette College; Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. • T ownsend Scudder, 3rd, Associate Professor of English B.A., and Ph.D., Yale University. •A ndrew Simpson, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 735 Harvard Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S., Cornell University. Tames D. Sorber, Associate Professor of Spanish and Director of Musical Activities, J 401 W alnut Lane B.A., Lehigh University; M.A., University of Nebraska. Alfred J. Swan, Associate Professor of Music.................................. 519 Walnut Lane B.A. and M.A., University of Oxford. R obert M. W alker, Associate Professor of Fine Arts......................... 6 W hittier Place B.A. and M.F.A., Princeton University; Ph.D., Harvard University. H ans W allach, Associate Professor of Psychology..................... 805 Harvard Avenue Dr. Phil., University of Berlin. N eal A. W eber, Associate Professor of ZoSlogy............................................ West House B.A. and' M.S., University of North Dakota; M.A. and Ph.D„ Harvard Uni­ versity. L eon W encelius, Associate Professor of French......................... 825 Harvard Avenue D. fes L., University of Paris; L.Th., University of Strasbourg; Th.D., Union Theological Seminary. Elizabeth Cox W right, Associate Professor of English..........Rose Valley—Moylan _____ _ . — » r 1 L Tv T T__*_____1... nnv>Urn«in B.A., Wellesley College; M.A. andJ TV Ph.D., University of 1>AM Pennsylvania. A s s is t a n t P r o f e s s o r s L ydia Baer, Assistant Professor of German................. Brookside Road, Wallingford B.A., Oberlin College; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. D ennison B ancroft , Assistant Professor of Physics........................... 4 W hittier Place B.A., Amherst College; Ph.D., Harvard University. M onroe C. B eardsley , Assistant Professor of Philosophy....................1 Crum Ledge BA. and Ph.D., Yale University. George T. Becker, Assistant Professor of English.......................Cunningham House B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., University of Washington. P aul H. Beik , Assistant Professor of History.................................... 512 Elm Avenue B.A., Union College; M.A. and Ph.D., Columbia University. P hilip W Carruth, Assistant Professor of Mathematics..........835 Harvard Avenue B.A., Hamilton College; MA., Syracuse University; Ph.D., University of Illinois. •G eorge P. Cuttino, Assistant Professor of History (on a jo in t appointm ent by Bryn Mawr College and Swarthmore C ollege)....................5 1 9 Walnut Lane BA., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Iowa; D.Phil.. University of Oxford. Bruce D earing, Assistant Professor of English........................................3 Crum Ledge B.A., Allegheny College; Ph.D., University of Iowa. H erman I. E nos, J r., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. ■■■■■■■■; ■A C r u m Led|e B.A. and M.S., University of Southern California; Ph.D., University of Illinois. E. T. F aulkner, Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Men, J 235 Dickinson Avenue • Absent on leave. 13 J ames A. Field, J r., Assistant Professor of History................................ 7 Crum Ledge B.S., M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. R oderick Firth, Assistant Professor of Philosophy............. 302 North Chester Road B.S., Haverford College; M.A. and PhJD., Harvard University. L auncelot J. Flemister, J r., Assistant Professor of Zoology..................... Rose Valley B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Duke University. Vera French, Assistant Professor of Psychology and Education..........R. D. 3, Media B.A., Bryn Mawr College; M.A. and Ph.D., Radcliffe College. C. J ustus Garrahan, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, 301 College Avenue B.S. and M.S., University of Pennsylvania. R oland L. H ummel, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering..........6 Crum Ledge B.S., Pennsylvania State College; M.S., California Institute of Technology. Fredric S. Klees, Assistant Professor of English............................................Dam Site B.A., Bowdoin College. L aurence D. L afore, Assistant Professor of History..................... 506 Ogden Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. C. A. L ister, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering..........Wallingford Hills B.S; in E.E., Tufts College. L uzern G. Livingston, Assistant Professor of Botany. .422 Highland Avenue, Morton B.S., Lawrence College; Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. I rene Moll, Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Women, 805 Harvard Avenue B.S. in Ed., University of Kansas; M.A., Texas State College for Women. Mark B. Moore, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 603 Hillbom Avenue B.S. University of Illinois. May E. P arry, Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Women, Swarthmore Apartments B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S., Temple University. W illiam C. H. P rentice, Assistant Professor of Psychology............. 1 W hittier Place B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Karl R euning, Assistant Professor of German......... 211 South Swarthmore Avenue Dr. phil., University of Giessen. Benbow F. R itchie, Assistant Professor of Psychology.........................5 Crum Ledge B.A., University of Wisconsin; M.A. and Ph.D., University of California. Caleb A. Smith, Assistant Professor of Economics.............................410 Cedar Lane B.A., Haverford College; Ph.D., Harvard University. W illis J. Stetson, Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Men and Assistant Director of Athletics................................ 144 North Highland Road, Springfield B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. •W olfgang F. Stolper, Assistant Professor of Economics................. 519 Walnut Lane M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Morgan T homas, Assistant Professor of Political Science................. 6 Crum Ledge B.A., Lafayette College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. Frederick B. T olles, Librarian of the Friends Historical Library and Assistant Pro­ fessor in History.......................................... \ ....................302 North Chester Road B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. W olfgang Wasow, Assistant Professor of Mathematics............. 915 Harvard Avenue Diploma, University of Gottingen; Ph.D., New York University. Stephen E. W hicher, Assistant Professor of English.............................4 Crum Ledge ____ B.A., Amherst College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D„ Harvard University. * Absent on leave. 14 I rma W olpé, Assistant Professor of Music.............................. 833 Dartmouth Avenue Certificate and Diploma of the Institut Jaques Dalcroze, Geneva. •B ryce W ood, Assistant Professor of Political Science B.A., Reed College; Ph.D., Columbia University. I n structors R obert C. Ackart, Instructor in English .................................... 302 College Avenue B.A., Wesleyan University; M.A., Harvard University. E lisa Asensio, Instructor in Spanish (on a joint appointment by Haverford College and Swarthmore College)..............................................2 College Lane, Haverford E ugene R. Beem , Instructor (part-time) in Economics, 435 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia B.A., Wooster College. N ewell R. Bush, Instructor in^Romance Languages.....................519 Walnut Lane B.A., Miami University; A*A„ Columbia University. L ewis H. Elverson, Instructor in Physical Education for Men, 211 Milmont Avenue, Milmont Park B.S., University of Pennsylvania. D avid N ewton F oner, Instructor in Civil Engineering............. 915 Harvard Avenue B.S. in M.E., University of Pittsburgh; M.S., University of Pennsylvania. J osé M iguel Gonzalez, Instructor in S p anish.............................Cunningham House B.A., Politechnic Institute of Puerto Rico. H elen M eredith H aia , Instructor (part-time) in English............. 323 Park Avenue B.A., Wellesley College; M.A., Swarthmore College; Ph.D., University of Penn­ sylvania. P hyllis Kinkead Kelley, Instructor (part-time) in Mathematics, 805 Harvard Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College. J o h n H. B. K nowlton , Instructor (part-time) in Fine Arts, 345 East 57th Street, New York 22, N. Y. B.A., Dartmouth College; M.A. and Ph.D., New York University. G eorge T . L ittle, Instructor in Political Science................. 416 North Chester Road B.A., Bowdoin College; M.A., Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and Columbia University. J ae L. L ittrell, Instructor in Zoology..........................................805 Harvard Avenue B.A., Rockford College; M.S. and Ph.D., University of Illinois. N orman A. M einkoth, Instructor in Zoology................................ 16 Oberlin Avenue B. of Ed., Southern Illinois Teachers College; M.S., University of Illinois. Sidney M organbesser, Instructor in Philosophy B.A., City College of New York. Bernard M orrill, Instructor in Mechanical Engineering..........915 Harvard Avenue B.S. in M.E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. H enry E dmund P eelle, J r., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering, 222 Crawford Street, Lansdowne B.S. in M.E., Swarthmore College. P riscilla Kramer Silz, Instructor in German.................................. Wallingford Hills B.A., M.A. and Ph.D., Radcliffe College. W illiam L. Spalding, Instructor in History .................................. 825 Harvard Avenue B.A. and M.A., Cornell University; M.A. Harvard University. E thel Stilz, Instructor (part-time) in Fine A rts ........................................ Parrish H all PhB., University of Chicago; M.A., Columbia University. * Absent on leave. 15 L ecturers, A s s is t a n t s , Etc. E dwin E. Aubrey, Lecturer in Philosophy and Religon, Crozer Theological Seminary, Chester Ph.B. and D.D., Bucknell University; M.A., B.D., Ph.D., University of Chicago. R aymond T . Bowman, Lecturer in Economics, 5109 Township Line Road, Upper Darby B.S. and Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania. R obert Byrnes, Lecturer in H isto ry..........................................New Brunswick, N. J. BA., Amherst College; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. P hilip A. Crowl, Lecturer in H isto ry................. 124 Snowden Lane, Princeton, N. J. B.A., Swarthmore College; MA., State University of Iowa; Ph,D., Johns Hop­ kins University. N orton D owns III, Lecturer in History................................ Box 137, Bala Cynwyd B.A. and M.A., University of Pennsylvania. S. D obrovolsky, Lecturer in Economics..............................................519 Walnut Lane Diploma, Harbin, Manchuria; M.A., Columbia University. D onald H arter, Lecturer in Political Science...................................... R.D. 2, Media B.A., Iowa State College; M.A., Columbia University; Ph.D., State University of Iowa. P hilip E. J acob, Lecturer in Political Science............. 14 South Swarthmore Avenue B.A., Yale University; M.A., University of Pennsylvania; Ph.D., Princeton Uni­ versity. M arian H ubbell M owatt, Lecturer in Psychology and Education, 1004 Amosland Road, Morton B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A., Columbia University. R ichard A. M usgrave, Lecturer in Economics...................................519 W alnut Lane Diplom, Volkswirt, Heidelberg; M.A. and Ph.D., Harvard University. H arald E rikson , Research Associate in Zoology.........................805 Harvard Avenue M.D., University of Oslo. • P er F. Scholander , Research Biologist................................................. Baltimore Pike Ph.D., University of Oslo. Roy W. D elaplaine , Observer (part-time) in Astronomy..........106 Cornell Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College. N orris G. B arr, Research Associate in Engineering, 600 North Jackson Street, Media B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. L. B innendyk , Research Associate in Astronomy....................... 805 Harvard Avenue Ph.D., University of Leiden. C apt . W endell P. R o op , Research Consultant..........Anchorage Farm, Sewell, N. J. U.S.N., retired. H ans R o th , Research Associate in Astronomy.............................. Sproul Obsewatory Sc.D., University of Vienna. B odel Schmidt -N ielsen , Research Associate in Zoology............. 805 Harvard Avenue Ph.D., University of Copenhagen. K urt Schmidt -N ielsen , Research Associate in Zoology............. 8Q5 Harvard Avenue Ph.D., University of Copenhagen. K. S. So dh i, Research Associate in Psychology B.A., Murray College; M.A., Forman Christian College; D.Phil., University of Berlin. A lbert M. B arron , Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 4244 Old York Road, Philadelphia B.S., Pennsylvania State College; M.S., Temple University. * Absent on leave. 16 M onique C. Bilbault, Fellow and Assistant in Romance Languages, Woolman House Avery Blake, Assistant in Physical Education for M en............. 49 Amherst Avenue P hyllis Ambler Brauner, Assistant in Chemistry.. .10 Ridley Park Avenue, Aldan B.A., Wheaton College; M.A., Wellesley College. W. W. Clendennin, Assistant in Physics......................... 336 North Princeton Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College. Samuel G. E ckerd, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, Providence Road, Lansdowne B.A., Swarthmore College. D orothy B. H outman, Assistant in Astronomy. .Greenhurst Apartment 8-C, Media Benjamin Kennedy, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 3029 Teesdale Street, Philadelphia Sarah T.f.e L ippincott , Assistant in Astronomy, 226 West Tulpehocken Street, Germantown B.A., University of Pennsylvania. J ames J. M cAdoo, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 513 East Bringhurst Street, Germantown J ames H . M iller, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 834 Seventh Avenue, Prospect Park M.S., University of Pennsylvania. Constance R enninger, Assistant in Physical Education for Women, 141 South Easton Road, Glenside Virginia S. R owland, Assistant in Physical Education for Women, 225 Brookline Boulevard, Brookline BA., Swarthmore College. H oward D. Sipler, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 318 Dartmouth Avenue B.A., Swarthmore College. P atricia Stock, Assistant in Physical Education for Women, Apartment 205, 26 East Seventh Street, Chester P aul Stofko, Assistant in Physical Education for Men, 1008 Hempstead Road, Pennfield Downs, Havertown B.S., University of Pennsylvania. Sarah C. F lemister, Research Assistant in Zoology..................... Rose Valley, Moylan B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Duke University. Barbara P earson L ange, Director of Dramatics 319 Cedar Lane F lorence W ilcox, Director of Arts and Crafts.............................. 510 Ogden Avenue BA., Ohio Wesleyan University; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. Edward W etherill, Organist, 247 South Carol Boulevard, Highland Park, Upper Darby 17 D iv is io n s D and epartm ents I. Division of the Humanities—H arold M . M arch , Chairman. Classics, Lucius R. Shero , Chairman. E nglish, P h il ip M. H icks, Chairman. F in e Arts, R obert M. W alker , Chairman. G erm an, W alter Silz , Chairman. History, M ary A lbertson , Chairman. Music, A lfred J. Swan , Chairman. Philosophy a n d Religion, R ichard B. B randt, Acting Chairman. Psychology and Education, R ichard S. C rutchfield , Chairman. Romance Languages, E dith P h ilips , Chairman. n . Division of the Social Sciences—J. R oland P ennock , Chairman. Economics, F rank C. P ierson , Chairman. History, M ary A lbertson , Chairman. Philosophy and Religion, R ichard B. B randt, Chairman. Political Science, J. R oland P ennock , Chairman. Psychology and Education, R ichard S. Crutchfield , Chairman. III. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences— E dward H. C ox , Chairman. Botany, L uzern G. L ivingston , Chairman. C hem istry, H. J ermain C reighton , Chairman. Mathematics and Astronomy, A rnold D resden, Chairman. Physics, W inthrop R. W right , Chairman. Psychology, R ichard S. C rutchfield , Chairman. Zoology, R obert R. E nders, Chairman. IV. Division o f Engineering—Scott B. L illy , Chairman. Civil Engineering, Samuel T . Carpenter , Chairman. Electrical Engineering, H oward M. J enkins , Chairman. Mechanical Engineering, W illiam E. R easer, Chairman. Chemistry, H. J ermain C reighton , Chairman. Mathematics, A rnold D resden, Chairman. Physics, W illiam C. E lmore , Chairman. 18 St a n d in g C o m m it t e e s of the F aculty Baer, Chairman. Dr. Bowie, Marriott, McCrumm, Smith. absence: (men ): Hunt, Chairman. Brinkmann, Carpenter, Carrell, Cobbs, Dellmuth, J. Moore, Prentice, Thatcher, Weber. admissions and scholarships Cobbs, Chairman. Becker, French, Hunt, Keighton, Moran, Holly Ross Draper, ’37, Lily Tily Richards, ’29. admissions and scholarships (women ): Klees, Chairman. Garrahan, Moran, Rath, Walker, F. Wilcox. arts and crafts : Dellmuth, Chairman. Carpenter, Carrell, Cox, Rath, Reaser, Scott, Simpson, Stetson, Thatcher, with Charles C. Miller. athletics : J. Moore, Chairman. Becker, Beik, Carrell, Firth, McCrumm, Moran, Wasow. awards and prizes : Perkins, Chairman. Becker, Beik, Enders, Lipson, Prentice, Silz, Sorber, van de Kamp. cooper foundation : Pierson, Chairman. Brandt, Brinkmann, Crutchfield, Elmore, Jenkins, Livingston, E. Wright. curriculum for first tw o years: Shero, Chairman. Albertson, Enos, Jenkins, J. Moore, Philips, Scott, Wallach. degrees and credits for veterans: Jenkins, Chairman. Albertson, Garnett, Pierson, Pitman, Wallach, E. Wright. fellow ships : Shero, Chairman. Dresden, Lilly, March, Pennock. honors work and examiners : Nason, Chairman. Cobbs, Crutchfield, Dresden, H unt, Lilly, March, Perkins, Pennock. instruction : Brandt, Chairman. Albertson, Enders, Malin, Pennock, Shaw, Silz. library : McCrumm, Chairman. Beik, Cobbs, Cox, French, H unt, Scott, Shero. prescribed and extra work : Brinkmann, Chairman. Albertson, Firth, Garrahan, Hicks, Keighton, Shero, Silz, Smith, Stilz, Wallach. schedule of classes: H unt, Chairman. Cobbs, Firth, Malin, J. Moore, Moran, Prentice, Rath. student affairs : Shero, Chairman. Cobbs, Garrahan, Hunt, Keighton, J. Moore, Philips, Pierson. student records: Reuning, Chairman. Foster, M. Moore, Walker. travel allowance : secretary to th e faculty : Silz. 19 Administrative Officers and Assistants P r e s i d e n t ’s O f f ic e *President, J ohn W. N ason, B.A., Carleton College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A., Harvard University; LL.D., University of Pennsylvania; Litt.D„ Muhlen­ berg College. Secretaries: E m m a A bbett, Diploma, Indiana State Teachers College. E lsa P almer J enkins , B.A., Swarthmore College. V i c e - P r e s i d e n t ’s O f f ic e Vice-President, J ames A. P erkins , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.D., Prince­ ton University. Assistant to the Vice-President, K en n eth A llebach . Secretary, E lizabeth S. M icheals , B.A., Dickinson College. D Deans: ean s’ O f f ic e s Susan P. C obbs, B.A., Randolph-Macon Woman’s College; M.A., New York University; Ph.D., University of Chicago. E verett E. H unt , B.A., Huron College; M.A., University of Chicago; D.Litt., Huron College. Associate Deans: J ohn M. M oore , B.A., Park College; B.D., Union Theological Seminary; M.A., Harvard University; Ph.D., Columbia University. A lice L. M oran , B.S., Purdue University; M.A., Radcliffe College. Assistant Deans: J. D emaris A ffleck , B.A., Swarthmore College. J eptha J. C arrell, B.A., Franklin a n d Marshall College. Head Residents in Dormitories: J. D emaris A ffleck , Parrish Hall; B.A., Swarthmore College. M onique C. B ilbault , French House. Sara M. L ittle , Worth Dormitory; B.A., Smith College. J anet M. B aldwin , Palmer Hall; B.A., Swarthmore College. Secretaries to the Deans: M yrtle R. K eeny , B.A., Dickinson College. F rances W ills Slaugh , B A , Swarthmore College. Secretaries to the Associate Deans: D oris T est. J ean McC. Storck . Secretary to the Assistant Dean: T heodora H u lm e , B.S., University o f Pennsylvania. R e g i s t r a r ’s O f f ic e Registrar, L. R. Shero, B.A., Haverford College; B.A., University of Oxford; M.A. and Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Secretary, M ildred T . W alichuck , B.A., Bucknell University. * Absent on leave, Fall Semester. 20 L ib r a r y St a f f College Library Librarian, C harles B. Shaw , B.A., M.A., and L.H.D., Clark University. Reference Librarian, C atharine J. P ierce, B.A., Women’s College of the Uni­ versity of North Carolina; M.S., Columbia University. Chief, Technical Departments, M artha A. C onnor , B.S. in Education, Uni versity of Pennsylvania; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute; M.A., University of Pennsylvania. Assistants: M ary C argill, B.A.,'Agnes Scott College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. N ancy L. C ary , B.A., Hood College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. A nne W ilson K inter . E lizabeth M axfield M iller , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.A. and Ph.l)., Radcliffe College. A nne M urphy , B.A., Swarthmore College. E lizabeth S. Sharpless, B.A., Swarthmore College. M ary G ocher T a it , B.A., Wells College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. L ouise W agner, B.A., Wellesley College. M ary E. W agner, B.A., Hood College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. M argaret W. Zerby, B.A. and M A , Bucknell University; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Friends Historical Library Librarian, F rederick B. T olles, B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., Harvard University. Assistant Librarians: E. V irginia W alker , B.A., Swarthmore College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Insti­ tute. D orothy G. H arris, B.A., Wellesley College; B.S. in L.S., Drexel Institute. Curator of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, E llen Starr B rinton . Assistant Curator, H iram D oty , B.A., Oklahoma City University. Assistant, G ladys H ill . B u s in e s s M a n a g e r ’s O f f i c e Business Manager, C harles G. T hatcher , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.E., Cornell University; M.M.E., Johns Hopkins University. Assistant Business Manager, Samuel G. E ckerd, B.A., Swarthmore College. Bookkeeper, E lizabeth R . H irst. Assistants: G race R . B abbitt, E dna B. C orson, G ertrude G erould . Accountant, G. C aroline Shero , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania. Secretary, V irginia S. R owland , B.A., Swarthmore College. Manager of Bookstore, J ean M. Sorber. Assistant in Bookstore, M ary B. B lack . Stenographic Staff: M atilde N ester, E dna D ickinson . Postmistress, J oyce Sem enuk . % Switchboard Operators: A y m e G osman , K athryn G oldsmith . S u p e r i n t e n d e n t ’s O f f i c e Superintendent, A ndrew Sim pson , B.A., Swarthmore College; M.S., Cornell Univer­ sity. Director of Arthur H oyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, J o hn C. W ister , B.A., Harvard University; D.Sc., Swarthmore College. Assistant to the Superintendent and Head Gardener, H arry W ood. Assistant to the Superintendent, C lifford R enshaw , Sr. Secretaries: V eronica Sullivan , M argaret F isher . 21 H ouse D i r e c t o r ’s O f f ic e House Director, E th el Stilz , Ph.B., University of Chicago; M.A., Columbia University. Assistant, Sara M. L ittle , B.A., Smith College. Secretary, K athryn A. D avisson. D i e t i t i a n ’s O f f ic e Dietitian, R u th E. Carr, B.S., Simmons College. Assistant Dietitian, H ilda H opkins Sm ith , B.S., Simmons College. A lum ni O f f ic e Alum ni Secretary, Carl K. D ellm uth , B.A., Swarthmore College. Assistant, K athryn B assett. Alum ni Recorder, V irginia W ilson . Vocational Director of Men, Carl K. D ellm uth , B.A. Swarthmore College. C a m p a ig n O f f ic e O f f ic e Director, H arriet M. W elsh . Secretary, C atherine L angon . P u b l ic it y Director, J anet M. B aldwin , B.A., Swarthmore College. H Se r v ic e ealth Physician, M orris A. B o w ie , B.A., University of Colorado; M.D., Harvard University. N u TS6S! B lanche D evereux , R.N., A nne A ustin , R.N., R egina L. H oltzman , R.N., C am ille J ones , R.N. H onorary C urators o f t h e B id d l e M e m o r ia l L ib r a r y C harles F. J enkins , Chairman..................... 232 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia 6 F rank A y d e l o t t e .................................................................88 Battle Road, Princeton, N . J. C lem ent M. B iddle ...........................P.O. Box 743, Church Street Station, New York 8 T A V erne F orbush .............................8 Wyndhurst Avenue, Baltimore, Md. U M ™ F ~ . ..........................................Weldin Road, Wilmington 284, Del. H annah C. H u l l ............................................................. 504 W alnut Lane, Swarthmore Jesse M erritt ......................................................................................... Farmingdale, L. I. Louis N. R obinson ....................................................... 411 College Avenue, Swarthmore J ane P. R ushm ore . ...... ........................ ........................ ..................................Riverton, N. J. 22 I N T R O D U C T I O N TO SWA RT HM ORE COLLEGE \ The College Community v Swarthmore College, founded in 1864 by members of the Religious Society of Friends, is a small co-educational college situated twelve miles southwest of Philadelphia. In accordance with the traditions of its Quaker background, Swarthmore students are expected to prepare themselves for full, well-rounded lives as individuals and as responsible citizens through exacting intellectual study supplemented by a varied program of sports and extra-curricular activities. Swarthmore is a residential college with an enrollment, in normal years, of seven hundred and fifty students, equally divided between men and women. Its students are drawn from a wide variety of back­ grounds.* The campus, a tract of about 250 rolling acres in Delaware County, contains the dormitories and class room buildings. In addi­ tion, a large number of faculty houses are within campus boundaries, making it possible for students to have valuable social contacts with their professors outside the class room. The borough of Swarthmore is a small residential suburb within half an hour’s commuting distance of Philadelphia on the West Chester Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Situated on U.S. Highway No. 1 about twelve miles southwest of Philadelphia, Swarthmore is easily accessible by car.** Swarthmore students are therefore able to combine the advantages of a semi-rural setting with the opportunities offered by Philadelphia. Especially valuable is the cooperation possible with three other nearby institutions, Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges and the University of Pennsylvania. • (See table of geographical distribution of students, page 185.) • • T o reach the college, motorists should turn off Route 1 to Pennsylvania State Highway 320 in the direction of Chester and continue south along Chester Road about half a mile until reaching College Avenue. There a right turn is made to the college campus. 24 T he E d u c a t io n a l P r o g r a m Swarthmore’s educational program is based on the philosophy that self-discovery and self-development are more valuable than the simple demonstrative method of teaching. Therefore, whenever it is possible, students are encouraged to make their own analyses, based on original source material or on laboratory experiments. Believing also that a liberal education is based on knowledge in many areas of human experience, the college requires that freshmen and sophomores take a wide variety of courses. This plan allows them to test their ability in subjects they have already studied and to explore new fields. By the end of their sophomore year, students are expected to make two decisions: first, what their field of concentration will be for the last two years; and secondly, whether they prefer to take “honors work” or to continue their study in regular courses. “Honors work” (see pages 54 to 57) is a method of study open to juniors and seniors who have shown independence and responsibility in their academic work. They are freed from classroom routine and instead, meet with their instructors in small weekly seminar groups for xliscussion and evaluation of their work. Since a student pursues only one major and one related minor subject during a semester, this system facilitates greater concentration and greater independence than is possible under the usual academic routine. The development of the “honors” or seminar method was begun under President Aydelotte in 1922, and because of its success, has been widely imitated in other institutions. P ost W ar A d ju s t m e n t s Swarthmore College sought to meet its obligations during the war emergency both by training men and women to fulfill the demands of national service and, at the same time, by continuing to emphasize the permanent values of a liberal education. With the latter end in view, students were urged to carry on, as far as possible, the kind of program in which they would find their fullest personal development, in the confidence that they would thereby become capable of the richest possible contribution to their communities. The immediate need for preparing men and women for national service was met by a variety of courses, not only in the natural sciences and engineering, 25 but also in the humanities and the social sciences, including a certain number of courses specially designed to fit the curricula of the U.S. V-12 Naval Unit which was stationed at the college from July 1943 to June 1946. The termination of the V-12 program coincided with the discharge from war service of large numbers of veterans eligible for college train­ ing under the “GI Bill” and other legislation. In order to make room for former Swarthmore students and other carefully selected veterans, and to continue to accept a normal number of secondary school gradu­ ates, the college has temporarily expanded its pre-war enrollment by nearly forty per cent. Through the purchase of the buildings and property of the Mary Lyon School, the college has been able to house a considerably larger number of students in campus dormitories than was possible in previous years. In this way it is hoped that the com­ munity spirit which has been characteristic of Swarthmore life can be maintained. Admissions Procedure Applications for admission should be addressed to the Deans of the College: from men, to Dean Everett L. Hunt; from women, to Dean Susan P. Cobbs. G eneral St a t e m ent Admission to the Freshman Class is normally based upon the satis­ factory completion of a four-year program preparatory to advanced liberal study. Applicants are selected on the following evidence: 1. _ Record in secondary school; 2. Recommendation of the school principal or headmaster and of others who know the applicant; 3. Ratings in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests, and in three of the Scholastic Achievement Tests given by the College Entrance Examination Board. Other ratings will also be considered, and in some cases, special tests may be given by the college. The special tests for veterans are described on pages 29 and 30. 26 4. Personal interview with one o£ the Deans or an appointed rep­ resentative; 5. Reading and experience, both in school and out. Applicants should have high rank in school and in aptitude and achievement tests, and should show strong intellectual interests. They should also give evidence of sturdiness of character, promise of growth, initiative, seriousness of purpose, and a sense of social responsibility. As future members of the college community, they should represent varied interests, types, and backgrounds. P r e p a r a t io n Applicants are urged to make their choice of college as early as possible in order to plan the work of their school years with the assistance of the Committees on Admission. In general, preparation should include: 1. Skills: The following skills are essential to success in college work and should be brought to a high level by study and prac­ tice throughout the preparatory period: a. The use of the English language with accuracy and effective­ ness in reading, writing, and speaking. b. The use of the principles of arithmetic, algebra, and plane geometry. c. The use of one, or preferably of two, foreign languages to the point of reading prose of average difficulty at sight, and of writing and speaking with some ease and proficiency. 2. Subjects: All, or almost all, of the preparatory course should be composed of the subjects listed in the following four groups. Variations of choice and emphasis are acceptable although some work should be taken in each group. History and Social Studies: American, English, European, and an­ cient history; political, social, and economic problems of modern society. Literature and Art: American, English, and foreign literatures, ancient and modern; music, art, architecture. 27 Natural Science and Mathematics: chemistry, physics, biology, astronomy; algebra, geometry, trigonometry. (A college major in science or engineering presupposes substantial work in algebra, in plane and, if possible, solid geometry, and in trigonometry.) Languages: English, Latin, Greek, German, French, Spanish, other European or Oriental languages. (Applicants who expect to major in science are strongly advised to include German and, if possible, French in their school programs.) A d v a n c e d St a n d i n g For favorable consideration, applicants for advanced standing must have had a good scholastic record in the institution from which they wish to transfer, and must present full credentials for both college and preparatory work and a letter of honorable dismissal. They must also take the Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests required of a freshman entrant, unless they have already taken these tests for ad­ mission to another college. As a general rule, students are not admitted to advanced standing later than the beginning of the sophomore year. Four terms of study at Swarthmore College constitute the minimum requirement for a degree, two of which must be those of the senior year. A p p l ic a t io n s and E x a m in a t io n s Applications must be filed in the Office of the Deans by February 15 for women, by March 15 for men, of the year the candidate wishes to be admitted. A registration fee of $5.00, which is not refundable, is required of all applicants. All candidates, except veterans, are required to take certain examinations given by the College Entrance Examina­ tion Board: the Scholastic Aptitude Test (with the Intermediate Mathematics Test) and three Achievement Tests, one of which must be in English Composition, the other two to be chosen by the candi­ date from two different fields. In 1948 the date on which these tests are to be taken will be Saturday, April S. Candidates may take the Scholastic Aptitude Test on January 24, 1948, if they wish. For further information please write to the College Entrance Examination Board, Box 592, Princeton, N. J. 28 Applicants are normally expected to take the required tests in April of their senior year. Those who wish to take them for practice at the end of the junior year are encouraged to do so. Unless their ratings are phenomenally high, however, they should plan to repeat all tests in their senior year, in order to give themselves the advantage of maxi­ mum preparation in the keen competition for admission. Veterans are permitted to take either the special aptitude test for veterans of the College Entrance Examination Board or the USAFI Tests of General Educational Development (college level). The former test is given bi-monthly in New York, Philadelphia, and certain other cities. Application blanks for the test may be obtained from the college. It consists of three parts: Verbal and Mathematical Aptitude, and a third section in which the candidate may choose either Spatial Rela­ tions or Physical Science or Social Studies Reading. Men who are planning to major in Engineering are advised to take the Spatial Rela­ tions test, while others should select that section which most nearly corresponds with their proposed field of study. Both this test and the tests of General Educational Development can be given at the College when necessary. No additional tests are required of candidates for scholarships. Applicants for the competitive Open Scholarships, however, must write for a special application blank at least two weeks in advance of the date on which applications for admission are due (see above). There are five Open Scholarships for men and three for women offered each year, in amounts ranging from $100 to $1000. Fuller information concerning them will be found on page 34. Notices of the action of the Admissions Committee will be mailed early in May. P o l ic y T ow ard V eterans 1. Swarthmore welcomes veterans of the Armed Forces, both men and women, who are qualified to do the work and who are interested in the type of program and community life for which the college stands. 2. The college offers courses leading toward the B.A. degree in arts 29 and sciences and the B.S. degree in civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. We do not contemplate setting up courses outside these fields, but within the established program every effort will be made to adjust courses to individual or group needs. 3. Provision will be made for veterans to follow an accelerated pro­ gram if desired. No summer term was held at Swarthmore in 1947 but arrangements were made for veterans to attend the summer session in certain other institutions. It is expected that similar opportunities will be offered next summer. 4. Questions of admission and academic status will be determined on the merits of each individual case. Careful consideration will be given to the previous academic record of the applicant and to experi­ ence contributing to the intellectual development of the applicant gained in the training programs of the various Services and under the direction of the Armed Forces Institute. As a general principle, appli­ cants will be accepted at that academic level which will enable them by the time they qualify for degrees to compete on equal terms with those who have proceeded through the normal eight semesters. 5. Various tests will be used to help determine the academic status and best programs for the applicant. All candidates are expected to take either the special aptitude test for veterans of the College Entrance Examination Board or the Tests of General Educational Development (college level) of the United States Armed Forces Institute. Informa­ tion about these tests may be secured by writing to the college. 6. The college will accept as students married veterans. Both hus­ band and wife, if qualified, will be eligible to take courses for credit. 7. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (Public Law 346 as amended) provides for government aid to the veteran in completing his education. Application for this aid should be made on a form obtainable at the various branch offices of the Veterans Administration or at the college. Eligible veterans will receive a Certificate of Eligi­ bility and Entitlement which should be presented to the college at the time of registration. Disabled veterans may apply for vocational rehabilitation and training under Public Law 16. Veterans are eligible for college scholarships and grants-in-aid when government help is not available. 30 8. Application for admission should be made to the Deans, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. A catalogue, application card, and Veterans Administration Rehabilitation Form (for government aid) will be sent upon request. An applicant is urged wherever possible to visit the college and discuss his problems and proposed program with the Deans, members of the Admissions and Scholarship Committees, and representatives of the departments in which he expects to do h is work. Expenses Charges per academic year of two semesters: Board, room, and tu itio n ..............................................$1150 Fees .................................................................................. 50 Total charges.....................................................................$1200 While a general charge for board, room, and tuition is made, this may be divided into $600 for tuition and $550 for board and room. The uniform charge of $25 per semester covers the costs of student health, class dues, athletic feesx arts and crafts, and the support of several other extra curricular activities. An additional deposit of $25 per semester is required of each student, payable in advance, to cover incidental. bills. Students may charge purchases at the college bookstore, and certain other charges agreed to by the Business Office. When this deposit has been exhausted a new one will be required immediately. Any unused balance is returned. One half of the total sum is due not later than Registration Day at the beginning of the fall semester. Bills are mailed before the opening of the current term. Payments should be made by check or draft to the order of S w a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e . In case a student’s bill is not paid by the end of the first month, he may be excluded from all college exercises. Correspondence about financial matters should be addressed to the Business Manager, Mr. Charles G. Thatcher. No reduction or refunding of the tuition charge can be made on account of absence, illness or dismissal during the year. If a student shall withdraw or be absent from college for any reason, there will be 3P no reduction or refund because of failure to occupy the room assigned for that term. In case of illness or absence for other reasons from the college for six weeks or more, there will be a proportionate reduction for board, provided that notice be given to the Business Manager at the time of withdrawal. Fees cannot be refunded for any reason whatever. T he T u it io n P lan Many of the parents of students may wish to pay all tuition, fees, and residence charges on a monthly basis, It is now possible to arrange this under The Tuition Plan. The cost is four per cent greater than when payments are made in cash in advance. Details of its operation will be furnished by the College with the first semester’s bill in Sep­ tember. St u d e n t A id and S c h o l a r s h ip s The college furnishes scholarships and financial assistance to deserv­ ing students from its general funds and from special endowments. All applications for scholarships are handled by the Committee on Admissions and Scholarships and should be addressed to the Deans. H onorary S c h o l a r s h ip s a r e g r a n t e d b y t h e c o ll e g e i n r e c o g n i t i o n o f g o o d s c h o la s tic s t a n d in g a n d f in a n c ia l n e e d . T h e s p e c ia lly e n d o w e d s c h o la rs h ip f u n d s a re lis te d o n p a g e s 34 to 40. G r a n t s -i n -a id , to a lim ite d n u m b e r , m a y b e a w a rd e d to s tu d e n ts o f a v e ra g e s c h o la s tic s t a n d in g a n d f in a n c ia l n e e d w h o c o u ld n o t e a r n a ll th e y n e e d w ith o u t s e rio u s d e tr im e n t to t h e ir a c a d e m ic w o rk . C o l l e g e J o b s afford opportunities to earn money by regular work at current wage rates in one of the college offices, shops, laboratories or libraries. A student may hold a college job in addition to a scholarship or a grant-in-aid. The distribution of jobs among those authorized to hold them is made by the Business Manager. Residents of the borough of Swarthmore often send requests for services to the college, which cooperates in making these opportunities known to students. 32 Worth Hall (a Dormitory for Women). T h e C hinese M em o ria l F o u n ta in an d P art o f W h a rto n H a ll (a D o rm ito ry fo r M en). Sp e c ia l L oan F unds Several loan funds are administered by a committee to which appli­ cation should be made through the Business Manager of the college. T h e C l a s s o f 1913 L o a n F u n d was established by the Class of 1913 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, the loans to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent. T h e C l a s s o f 1916 L o a n F u n d was established by the Class of 1916 at their twenty-fifth reunion. The fund is designed to provide loans to senior students, preferably descendants of members of the Class of 1916, or to other students at the discretion of the administering committee. The loans are repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. The J o h n A . M i l l e r L o a n F u n d was established by the Class of 1912 at their twenty-fifth reunion. Both principal and income are to be used to provide a loan fund for students in the three upper classes. Individual students may borrow up to $200 in any one year, such loans to be repayable within five years with interest at four percent. The P a u l M . P e a r s o n L o a n F u n d was established by a number of Dr. Pearson’s friends as a memorial for perpetuating his life and spirit Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repay­ able not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. The S w a r t h m o r e C o l l e g e S t u d e n t L o a n F u n d was established by Mr. Clarence J. Gamble, who, feeling such a fund to be of unusual benefit to worthy students, gave a sum to the college on condition that the board should set aside an equal amount to be added to the fund. Both principal and income may be used for loans to students, repay­ able not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. The E l l is D. W i l l i a m s F u n d . By the will of Ellis D. Williams, a legacy of $25,000 was left to the college, the income from which is to be used for loans to students, repayable not later than five years after graduation, with interest at the rate of four percent. 33 E n d o w e d S c h o l a r s h ip s O p e n S c h o l a r s h ip s f o r M e n . Swarthmore College awards annually five four-year scholarships to men entering the freshman class. These scholarships, based on the general plan of the Rhodes Scholarships, are given to candidates who, in the opinion of the Committee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount of the award varies from $100 to $1000 according to the financial need of the winner. All candidates are required to take the Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests given by the College Board. Blanks with further information may be obtained from the admissions office of the college. O p e n S c h o l a r s h i p s f o r W o m e n . Mr. and Mrs. Daniel S. White, of the Class of 1875, on the occasion of the Fiftieth Reunion of that class, established three open competitive scholarships for women, in the names of Howard White, Jr., Serena B. White, and Walter W. Green. These scholarships are given to candidates who, in the opinion of the Committee of Award, rank highest in scholarship, character and personality. The amount of the award is determined in the same way as the scholarships for men. All candidates are required to take the Scholastic Aptitude and Achievement Tests given by the College Board. Blanks with further information may be obtained from the admissions office of the college. The A l u m n a e S c h o l a r s h i p , established by the Philadelphia and New York Alumnae Clubs, is awarded on the same basis as the Open Scholarships. It is awarded for one year and is valued at $500. A l u m n i S c h o l a r s h i p s . Occasional scholarships are provided for men by Alumni clubs in cooperation with the college, on a regional basis. Applications should be addressed to the Dean of Men. T he C h i O m e g a S c h o l a r s h i p was established by members and friends of the Chi Omega Fraternity. The income provides an award of approximately $225 annually to a member of the freshman class who is in definite need of financial aid. Preference is given to daughters or sons of members of the fraternity, but if in any year such a candidate does not apply, the committee will select a freshman woman to receive the award. Applications should be sent to the Office of the Deans be­ fore January 1st of the year in which the award is to be made. A mem­ ber designated by the Fraternity serves on the Committee of Award. 34 C l a s s S c h o l a r s h i p s . T w o scholarships are offered to the highest ranking student in the freshman and in the sophomore classes: the Anson Lapham and the Samuel J. Underhill Scholarships. Each has the value of $200, if won by a resident student; of $100, if won by a day student. The C l a s s o f 1915 S c h o l a r s h i p F u n d was established on the occasion of the Twenty-fifth Reunion of the Class and provides an income of approximately $435. This sum is to be awarded either to freshmen or students in college, with preference given to descendants of the members of the Class of 1915. The Business Manager, the Deans, and members of the Class of 1915 designated by Thomas B. McCabe shall constitute the Committee of Award. This Fund will become a part of the General Endowment of the College on Alumni Day, 1970. The S a r a h K a i g h n C o o p e r S c h o l a r s h i p , founded by Sallie K . Johnson in memory of her grandparents, Sarah Kaighn and Sarah Cooper, is awarded to a man in the Junior Class who is judged by the faculty to have had, since entering College, the best record for scholar­ ship, character, and influence. The value of this scholarship is approx­ imately $225 annually. The D o n a l d R e n w ic k . F e r g u s o n S c h o l a r s h i p , established by Mrs. Amy Baker Ferguson, in memory of her husband, Donald Renwick Ferguson, M.D. of the Class of 1912, who died during the Second World War, is awarded to a young man who is looking forward to the study of medicine. The scholarship will pay $600. F r ie n d s ’ C o l l e g e S c h o l a r s h i p s . Swarthmore College, with a group of other Friends’ Colleges, has established two kinds of scholarships: (1) to assist Friends discharged from C.P.S. camps to continue their education; (2) to enable students from the smaller Friends’ Colleges to spend a year at one of the three cooperating colleges in the Philadel­ phia area: Bryn Mawr, Haverford and Swarthmore. These scholarships will be granted in varying amounts according to need and ability. The J o s e p h E. G i l l i n g h a m F u n d , with an annual income of ap­ proximately $2,250, was bequeathed to the College in 1907 with the stipulation, “I request but I do not direct that part of the income of this legacy may be used for free scholarships for meritorious students.” 35 The R a c h e l W. H il l b o r n S c h o l a r s h i p was founded by Anne Hillborn Philips of the Class of 1892 in memory of her mother, with the stipulation that the income shall go to a student in the junior or senior class who is studying for service in the international field. Preference will be given to a Friend or to one who intends to contribute to world understanding through diplomatic service, participation in some international government agency, the American Friends Service Committee, or similar activities. The annual income amounts to ap­ proximately $450. T he A a r o n B. I v in s S c h o l a r s h i p is awarded annually to a young man of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Overbrook, Philadelphia. It is awarded under the following conditions: The recip­ ient must have been a student at Friends Central for at least two years, he must have good health, high grades, and must be the best all-around student in his class desirous of entering Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends Central School, and subject to the approval of Swarthmore College, has the value of approx­ imately $450 for a resident student and a maximum of $400 for a non-resident student. The G e o r g e K. and S a l l i e K. J o h n s o n F u n d provides $450 a year, to be used, at the discretion of the President of the College, in granting financial aid to young women during their senior year, it being the donor’s desire that the President must be satisfied that the applicant is fitted to become a desirable teacher. The income of the K a p p a A l p h a T h e t a S c h o l a r s h i p F u n d , given by members and friends of the Kappa Alpha Theta Fraternity at Swarthmore, is awarded annually to a woman student. The award amounts to approximately $125 annually. One or more members of the fraternity who are on the Board of Managers serve on the Committee of Award. The J e s s ie S t e v e n s o n K o v a l e n k o S c h o l a r s h i p F u n d , the gift of Michel Kovalenko in memory of his wife, provides an annual income of $225. This sum is to be awarded to a student, preferably a woman, who is in her junior or senior year and who is a major in astronomy, or to a graduate of the college, preferably a woman, for graduate work in astronomy at Swarthmore or elsewhere. 36 The M a r y T. L o n g s t r e t h S c h o l a r s h i p was founded by Rebecca C. Longstreth in memory of her mother and is to be awarded annually “at the discretion of the President of the College to assist a young woman student to pursue her studies in the College.” M e m o r i a l S c h o l a r s h i p s i n C l a s s ic s a n d A n c i e n t H is t o r y . In memory of William Hyde Appleton, Ferris W. Price, and Walter Dennison, Professors of Classics at Swarthmore College prior to 1917, two scholarships are offered, one to a man, one to a woman who desires to specialize in Greek, Latin, Classics, or Ancient History. Each award normally carries a stipend of $200 a term. The scholarships are com­ petitive. In addition to the requirements for the Open Scholarships, the candidate must make a high rating in a competitive Latin Reading test set by the Department of Classics. The J a m e s E. M i l l e r S c h o l a r s h i p provides an annual income of approximately $340 Vwhich may be applied toward the payment of board and tuition of students of Delaware County (preference to be given to residents of Nether Providence Township). The ChesterCambridge Trust Company acts as Trustee of this fund and selects the holder of the scholarship, in consultation with the Superintendent of Schools of Delaware County and of the City of Chester, and subject to the approval of Swarthmore College. The H a r r i e t W. P a is t e F u n d is limited by the following words from the donor’s will: “the interest to be applied annually to the edu­ cation of female members of our Society of Friends (holding their Yearly Meeting at Fifteenth and Race Streets, Philadelphia) whose limited means would exclude them from enjoying the advantages of an education at the college.” The value of this scholarship is approxi­ mately $360 annually. The T. H. D u d l e y P e r k in s M e m o r i a l S c h o l a r s h i p is awarded annually to a young man selected by a committee of the faculty ap­ pointed by the President of the college for the purpose. The award' will be made on the basis of qualities of manhood, force of character and leadership; literary and scholastic ability; physical vigor as shown by participation in out-of-doors sports or in other ways. 37 The W il l ia m P lum er P otter F und fo r t h e E ncouragem ent of provides an income of approximately $ 2 2 5 to be used for scholarships to upperclass students demonstrating proficiency in the discussion of public affairs. Juniors and seniors interested in the scholarship should register with Dean Hunt. Competitors submit these on public questions to a Faculty Committee and also present their main conclusions orally, after which they are cross-examined. P u b l ic Sp e a k in g The M a r y C o a t e s P r e s t o n S c h o l a r s h i p F u n d . A sum of money has been left by will of Elizabeth Coates, the annual interest of which will be about $450. This amount is given as a scholarship to a young woman student in Swarthmore College, preferably to a relative of the donor. The W i l l i a m G. a n d M a r y N. S e r r i l l H o n o r s S c h o l a r s h i p is a competive Honors Scholarship for Men, awarded to a candidate for admission to the college, based upon the general plan of the Rhodes Scholarships. It is tenable for four years, subject to the maintenance of a high standing in college. The annual stipend is $375. Preference will be given to men who are residents of Abington Township, includ­ ing Jenkintown and Glenside, Montgomery County, Pa., but if there is no outstanding candidate from this locality, the scholarship will be open to competition generally. The A n n i e S h o e m a k e r S c h o l a r s h i p is granted annually to a young woman of the graduating class of Friends Central School, Overbrook, Philadelphia. The recipient must have been a student at Friends Central for at least two years, she must have good health, high grades, anchmust be the best all-around student in her class desirous of enter­ ing Swarthmore College. This scholarship, awarded by the faculty of Friends Central School, and subject to the approval of Swarthmore College, has the value of $500 for a resident student and $400 for a day student. The H e l e n E. W. S q u i e r S c h o l a r s h i p , originally one of the Anson Lapham Scholarships, is awarded annually by Mrs. Chester Roberts, of Swarthmore, to a student in need of financial aid. T he J o n a t h a n K. T a y l o r S c h o l a r s h i p , in accordance with the donor’s will, is awarded by the Board of Trustees of the Baltimore 38 Monthly Meeting of Friends. This scholarship is first open to descend­ ants of the late Jonathan K. Taylor. Then, while preference is to be given to members; of the Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends, it is not to be confined to them when suitable persons in membership can­ not be found. The value of this scholarship is approximately $472.50 annually. , | :j The P hebe A nna T horne F und provides an income of approxi­ mately $2,250 for scholarships for students needing pecuniary assist­ ance whose previous work has demonstrated their earnestness and their ability. This gift includes a clause of preference to those students who are members of the New York Monthly Meeting of Friends. These scholarships are awarded by the college under the regulations fixed by the board. The W estbury Q uarterly M eeting, N. Y., Scholarship, amounting to $350, is awarded annually by a committee of that Quarterly Meeting. The Samuel W illets F und yields an income of approximately $4,500 annually, “to be applied to educate in part or in whole such poor and deserving children as the Committee on Trusts, Endow­ ments and Scholarships of said college may from time to time judge and determine to be entitled thereto.” In addition to the above fund, Samuel Willets gave scholarships in the name of his children, F rederick W illets, E dward W illets, W al­ ter W illets , and C aroline W. F rame . These scholarships have the value of $225 each. They are awarded by the respective parties, their heirs or assigns, or in the event that the heirs do not exercise their right, by the college authorities. The I. V. W illiamson Scholarships. Ten scholarships of the value of $150 each for resident students and $75 for day students are offered to graduates of designated Friends’ schools, under the following con­ ditions: Candidates must apply to the Office of the Deans at the college before March first. Candidates must take the scholarship examinations given by the College Entrance Examination Board. The results of these examina­ tions, together with other evidence of achievement and promise, will determine the award. 39 The scholarships are distributed as follows: two each to graduates of Friends Central and George School, one in the boys’ and one in the girls’ department; and one each to New York Friends Seminary, Balti­ more Friends School, Wilmington Friends School, Moorestown Friends School, Friend^ Academy at Locust Valley, Sidwells Friends School and Brooklyn Friends School. Any income not utilized in accordance with these conditions is used for free scholarships in accordance with the will of the donor. The E dward C larkson W ilson Scholarship. A scholarship with an annual value of $125 has been established at Swarthmore by friends of Edward Clarkson Wilson, ’91, formerly Principal of the Baltimore Friends School. It will be awarded each year to a former student of the Baltimore Friends School, who has been approved by the faculty of the school, on the basis of high character and high standing in scholar­ ship. In any year when there is no outstanding candidate from the students of the Baltimore Friends School, the scholarship may be awarded to another young man or woman who shall meet the required standards and who is approved by the school faculty and the college. The M ary W ood F und is limited by the following words from the donor’s will: “the income thereof to be, by the proper officers thereof, applied to the maintenance and education at said college of one female student therein, one preparing for the avocation of a teacher to be preferred as the beneficiary, but in all other respects the application of the income of said fund to be in the absolute discretion of the college.” The value of this scholarship is approximately $62.50 annually. Each of the following funds yields annually about $225 and is awarded at the discretion of the college to students needing pecuniary aid: The Barclay G. A tkinson Scholarship F und. The R ebecca M. A tkinson Scholarship F und. T h e W illiam D orsey Scholarship F und. T h e G eorge E llsler Scholarship F und. T h e T homas L. L eedom Scholarship F und. The Sarah E. L ippincott Scholarship F und. The M ark E. R eeves Scholarship F und. The J oseph T. Sullivan Scholarship F und. The D eborah F. W harton Scholarship F und. The T homas W oodnutt Scholarship F und. 40 Educational Resources Following are descriptions of the libraries, foundations and special collections which enrich the academic background of the college: The Swarthmore C ollege L ibrary, in part of the gift of Andrew Carnegie, contains reading rooms, offices, and a collection of 168,200 volumes. Some 5,000 volumes are added annually. About 600 periodi­ cals are received regularly. The general collection, including all but the scientific and technical books and journals, is housed in the library building, situated on the front campus. An addition providing store­ room for 150,000 volumes was erected in 1935. Important special units of the main library are the Appleton collection of classics and English literature and the Potter collection of legal material. The library is definitely a collection of books and journals for undergraduate use. The demands of honors work, however, make necessary the provision of large quantities of source material not usually found in collections maintained for undergraduates. It is a point of library policy to try to supply, either by purchase or through inter-library loan, the books needed by students or members of the faculty for their individual research. The B iddle M emorial L ibrary is an attractive fire-proof structure of stone and steel given by Clement M. Biddle, ’96, in memory of his father, Clement M. Biddle, who served for over twenty years as a member of the Board of Managers or as an officer of the Corporation of the College. This Library contains two important Collections: the Friends Historical Library and the Swarthmore College Peace Collec­ tion. The Friends Historical Library, founded in 1870 by Anson Lapham, is one of the outstanding collections in the United States of manu­ scripts, books, pamphlets, and pictures relating to the history of the Society of Friends. The library is the central depository for the record of Friends’ meetings belonging to Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Race Street). The number of record books of these meetings totals about 900, many of which have been reproduced on microfilm. A m i c r o film reading machine is available. Among the other manuscript holdings are the Charles F. Jenkins Autograph Collection, including signatures of authors, reformers, and members of the Continental Congress; the 41 Charles F. Jenkins Whittier Collection, consisting of first editions and manuscripts of John Greenleaf Whittier; and journals, letters, and miscellaneous papers of many Friends. The library’s collection of printed materials by and about Friends includes a large number of seventeenth-century imprints as well as many books, pamphlets, and periodicals of later date. There is also an extensive collection of photo­ graphs of meeting houses and pictures of representative Friends, in­ cluding the original of Sir Peter Lely’s Portrait of George Fox. It is hoped that Friends and others will consider the advantages of deposit­ ing in this library, for preservation and for the use of scholars, books and family papers which may throw light on the history of the Society of Friends. Also housed in the Biddle Memorial Library is the Swarthmore Col­ lege Peace Collection, built around a nucleus of books and personal papers given in 1930 by Jane Addams; it contains a large amount of material dealing with international peace and has become a repository for the files of many peace organizations. The W illiam J. C ooper F oundation provides a varied program of lectures and concerts which enriches the academic work of the col­ lege. The Foundation was established by William J. Cooper, a devoted friend of the college, whose wife, Emma Mcllvain Cooper, served as a member of the Board of Managers from 1882 to 1923. Mr. Cooper bequeathed to the college the sum of $100,000 and provided that the income should be used “in bringing to the college from time to time eminent citizens of this and other countries who are leaders in states­ manship, education, the arts, sciences, learned professions and business, in order that the faculty, students and the college community may be broadened by a closer acquaintance with matters of world interest.” Admission to all programs is without charge. The Cooper Foundation Committee works with the departments and with student organizations in arranging single lectures and con­ certs, and also in bringing to the college speakers of note who remain in residence for a long enough period to enter into the life of the com­ munity. Some of these speakers have been invited with the understand­ ing that their lectures should be published under the auspices of the Foundation. This arrangement has so far produced 7 volumes: 42 Lindsay, Alexander Dunlop. The Essentials of Democracy. Phila­ delphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1929. Lowes, John Livingston. Geoffrey Chaucer and the Development of His Genius. New York, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934. Weyl, Hermann. M ind and Nature. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934. America’s Recovery Program, by A. A. Berle, Jr., John Dickinson, A. Heath Onthank . . . and others . . . London, New York, etc., Oxford University Press, 1934. Madariaga, Salvador. Theory and Practice in International Rela­ tions. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937. Streit, Clarence Kirshman. Union Now; a Proposal for a Federal Union of the Democracies of the North Atlantic. New York, Harper, 1939. Krogh, August. The Comparative Physiology of Respiratory Mechanisms. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941. The B en ja m in W est Society, an organization of alumni, members of the faculty, and friends of the college, is building up a collection of paintings, drawings, and etchings, which are exhibited as space permits in various college buildings. The Society owes its name to the American artist of the eighteenth century who was bom in a house which still stands on the Swarthmore campus, and who became Presi­ dent of the Royal Academy. The G eorge G rey B arnard C ollection, the gift of the artist, con­ tains original clay models and plaster casts of his works. It is not open to visitors, since the building in which it is temporarily stored for safe keeping is not suitable for exhibitions. The J ames D. E gleson M urals. In the auditorium of Hicks Hall is a series of frescoes by James D. Egleson, ’29, a former student of Orozco. The artist has depicted conditions and concepts out of the life of our times in America as they are affected by industrialization and the science of engineering. 43 The B ronson M. C utting M emorial C ollection of R ecorded M usic was established at Swarthmore College in 1936 by a gift of approximately four thousand phonograph records, a radio-phonograph, books and musical scores, from the family of Bronson Murray Cutting, late Senator from New Mexico. Its object is to make the best recorded music available to the undergraduates, faculty, and friends of Swarth­ more College, in .cooperation with the work of the college Department of Music. The A rthur H oyt Scott H orticultural F oundation. T wo hun­ dred and forty-seven acres are contained in the College property, including a large tract of woodland and the valley of Crum Creek. Much of this tract has been developed as an Arboretum through the provisions of the Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foundation, estab­ lished in 1929 by Mrs. Arthur Hoyt Scott and Owen and Margaret Moon as a memorial to Arthur Hoyt Scott of the Class of 1895. The Arboretum is designed both to beautify the campus and to afford ex­ amples of the better kinds of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants which are hardy in the climate of Eastern Pennsylvania and suitable for planting by the average gardener. There are exceptionally fine displays of Japanese cherries and tree peonies, and a great variety of lilacs and chrysanthemums. Many donors have contributed generously to the collections. (For full information see Bulletin of Swarthmore College, Vol. xxxvii, No. 5.) 44 College Life H o u s in g Swarthmore is primarily a residential college, conducted on the as­ sumption that an important element in education comes from close association of students and instructors. Most students live in dormi­ tories. Many members of the faculty live in houses on the campus. Residence Halls There are four dormitories for men: Wharton Hall, named in honor of its donor, Joseph Wharton, at one time President of the Board of Managers; and three buildings on the recently purchased Mary Lyon School property. The women’s dormitories include the upper floors in the wings of Parrish Hall; Worth Hall, the gift of William P. Worth, 1876, and J. Sharpless Worth, ex-1873, as a memorial to their parents; Palmer and Pittenger Halls on South Chester Road; and Woolman House on Walnut Lane. Roberts Hall on South Chester Road has been converted into apart­ ments for a limited number of married veterans. Dining Rooms All students, both men and women, have their meals in two adjoin­ ing College Dining Rooms in Parrish Hall. R e l ig io u s L if e The religious life of the college is founded on the Quaker principle that the seat of spiritual authority lies in the Inner Light of each indi­ vidual. It is committed to the belief that religion is best expressed in the quality of everyday living; There are accordingly no compulsory religious exercises, save in so far as the brief devotional element in Collection (see below) may be considered. Students are encouraged to attend the churches of their choice: Episcopal, Presbyterian, Metho­ dist, and Christian Science, in the borough of Swarthmore; Catholic, in the nearby towns of Morton, Media, and Chester. The Swarthmore Meeting House is located on the campus. Students are cordially invited 45 to attend its active religious service on Sunday. Extra-curricular groups under faculty direction exist for the study of the Bible and the ex­ ploration of common concerns in religion. An assembly of the college, called Collection, is held at 11.00 a.m. every Thursday in Clothier Memorial; attendance of students is re­ quired. There is regularly a period of silence according to the Friendly tradition and, when these are in keeping with the remainder of the program, the singing of hymns and a reading from the Bible. Lasting from one-half to three-quarters of an hour, Collection normally in­ cludes an address; but this is varied by the occasional introduction of musical, dramatic, and other programs. St u d e n t W elfare Health The college physician holds daily office hours at the college. Stu­ dents may consult him during office hours without charge. A student must report any illness to the college physician, but is free to go for treatment to another doctor if he prefers to do so. The college physician gives physical examinations to all students at the beginning of their freshman year, and arranges to see every student at least once in each subsequent year. The college health program includes tuberculin tests, which are com­ pulsory for all students. There are two infirmaries, one for men and one for women. The for men is in Section F of Wharton Hall; the women’s infirmary is at the east end of Parrish Hall. A registered nurse is in charge of each, under the direction of the college physician. in f ir m a r y T he infirmaries are open to resident students without charge unless the services of a special nurse are required. Students suffering from a communicable disease or from illness which makes it necessary for them to remain in bed must stay in the infirmaries for the period of their illness. Psychiatrists are consulted when need arises. 46 Vocational Office The college provides vocational information and advice to assist students in their choice of a career. The Vocational Director for Men, Carl K. Dellmuth, and the Vocational Director for Women, Miss Alice L. Moran, periodically plan conferences and field trips, and arrange interviews with key employers. They offer help to students in finding employment. In addition, summer work is planned to give students job experience in various fields. Alumni Office The Alumni Office keeps records of the addresses of all living graduates and alumni of the college. It also publishes periodically the Swarthmore alumni magazine, T he G arnet L etter. The Alumni Secretary acts as liaison for the college with all alumni and alumni groups, interpreting to them present plans and policies of the college. Student Advisers The deans and their assistants and members of the faculty serve as student advisers. They rely also on the help of upper class men and women in work with freshmen. Members of the Senior Honorarv Societies of Book and Key and of Mortar Board carry special responsi­ bility for the Freshman Placement Program. T he St u d e n t C o m m u n it y Student Council The whole undergraduate community of men and women is repre­ sented by the Student Council which attempts to coordinate all student activities, and confers with the Administrative Council of the faculty on college problems. Men’s Executive Committee The men students of the college are represented by the Men’s Execu­ tive Committee, a group elected to take responsibility for specified problems which have to do primarily with dormitory life. Women’s Student Government Association All women students are members of the Women’s Student Govern­ ment Association, headed by an Executive Committee elected to pro­ mote a great variety of women’s interests. This committee includes the chairmen of certain important committees: Conduct, which maintains social regulations; Personnel, which has a special concern for helping freshmen; Social (see below); Vocational, which assists the women s Vocational Director; Student-Alumnae Relationships, which arranges the program for Somerville Day, on which alumnae are invited to return to the College; Somerville Lectures, which brings to the college popular speakers on subjects related to the arts. Social Committee •An 'extensive program of social activities is managed by the Social Committee, under the direction of two elected co-chairmen, a man and a woman. The program is designed to appeal to a wide variety of interests, and is open to all students. Somerville Forum All women undergraduates and graduates are members of the Somer­ ville Forum, an outgrowth of the Somerville Literary Society, which was established in 1871. The undergraduates hold open meetings de­ voted to music, art and literature; the alumnae maintain two fellow­ ships for women for graduate work, the Lucretia Mott Fellowship and the Martha E. Tyson Fellowship. The final meeting in April, known as Somerville Day, is a gathering of alumnae and undergraduates. Extra-Curricular Activities In addition to the foregoing organizations, Swarthmore students have an opportunity to participate in a program of extra-curricular activities wide enough to meet every kind of interest. No credit is given for work in such varied fields as sculpture, play-writing, pub­ lishing the school newspaper or playing the cello in the orchestra. However the college encourages a student to participate in whatever group best fits his personal talents and inclinations, believing that satisfactory avocations are a necessary part of life for the well-rounded individual. It has provided instruction or advisors wherever there has been sufficient demand. A handbook describing all activities, written by the students themselves, can be had upon request to the Deans Office. 48 THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF S W A R T H M O R E COLLEGE General Statement Swarthmore College offers the degree of Bachelor of Arts and the degree of Bachelor of Science. The latter is given only in the Division of Engineering; the former, in the Divisions of the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.* Eight terms of resident study, which are normally completed in four years, lead to a Bachelor’s degree. For veterans and, in special circumstances, for other students an accelerated program of three terms a year is optional. See page 30. During the first half of their college program, all students are ex­ pected to complete general college requirements, to choose their major and minor subjects, and to prepare for advanced work in these subjects by taking certain prerequisites. Their schedule is made up of full or half courses. Five full courses or their equivalent in half courses con­ stitute the normal program for each of the first two years. A full course represents from eight to twelve hours of work a week for two terms, including class meetings and laboratory periods. T he program for upper class students affords a choice between two methods of study: Honors Work, leading to a degree with Honors, and General Courses. An honors student concentrates on three related subjects which he studies by the seminar method. At the end of his senior year he must take a battery eight examinations on the work of his seminars, posed by competent outside examiners. (The system will be explained more fully below.) A student in general courses has a somewhat wider freedom of election and takes four full courses or their equivalent in each of the two years. He is required to pass comprehensive examinations in his major and minor subjects, posed by the members of those departments. For variations from this basic plan in the Division of Engineering see pages 80 to 82. In addition to scholastic requirements for graduation, all students must meet certain standards of participation in Physical Education as * For groupings of departments, see page 18. 50 set forth in the statement of that department (see pp. I l l to 113) and must attend the Collection exercises of the college (see p. 46). The course advisers of freshmen and sophomores are members of the faculty appointed by the deans. For juniors and seniors the advisers are the chairmen of their major departments or their representatives. Program for Freshmen and Sophomores The program for the first four terms is designed primarily to con­ tribute to a student’s general education by giving him an introduction to the methods of thinking and the content of knowledge in a variety of fields: 1. The traditional humanistic studies—those studies through which man learns to understand himself and his relationship to his fellows as individuals, and the enduring values in human experience. 2. The social sciences—those studies through which man learns to understand the nature of organized society, past and present, and the relationship of himself to it. 3. The natural sciences—those studies through which man learns to understand the world, both organic and inorganic, outside of his own individual and social being. The following subjects, therefore, designed to serve as a broad and sound background for the more specialized work of the last two years, are included in the program of the first two years for all students (except those in the Division of Engineering; see pages 80 to 82): Foreign Language—through Course 2B (see below) History 1 (see p. 98)—full course (except for science students who may substitute a second social science) Literature—half course Philosophy—half course Psychology—half course Social Science—full course in either Economics or Political Science Natural Science or Mathematics—full course or two half courses. (A full course in Mathematics is required for science students.) As far as possible, these requirements are to be completed during the first year. It is usual, however, to defer Psychology to the first term of the second year. Science students, moreover, must ordinarily defer 51 History (or the alternative second social science) to the second year. In addition to the requirements listed above, prerequisites must be completed for the work of the last two years in major and minor sub­ jects, and sufficient additional electives must be taken to make up ten full courses. In the Divisions of the Humanities and the Social Sciences it is strongly recommended that these electives shall include: Half courses (preferably in the first semester of an academic year) in at least two of the following: Foreign Literature (classical or modern, either in the original or in translation), Fine Arts, Music. A full course in whichever social science (Economics or Political Science) is not taken in fulfilment of the general requirements. A third half course in a natural science or a half course in Mathe­ matics or courses in each of these. It is expected that, after completion of the minimum courses in the general program of the first two years, the student will devote the remainder of his sophomore year to preparing himself for more ad­ vanced study of those subjects which have most interested him and to other courses which will increase the range of his knowledge. He should decide, as early in his sophomore year as possible, upon two or three subjects in which he might like to major and should consult the statements of the departments concerned as to required and recom­ mended courses and supporting subjects. In most cases he is advised to take not more than one semester of work in any subject beyond the first course. The requirement in foreign language (either classical or modern) is such that an exceptionally well prepared freshman may demonstrate his completion of it before entering college by his rating in an Achieve­ ment Test given by the College Entrance Examination Board. The results of the tests indicate, however, that most students need to devote from one to four terms to further language study. A complete state­ ment of the requirement follows: Each student will pursue one foreign language to a point equivalent to the completion of Course 2. The desired standard is normally met on the basis of four years’ work in high school, or of three or two years’ work in high school followed by one or two terms in college. If a stu­ dent fulfills the requirement with a language which he begins in col­ 52 lege, he will need to study it for four terms. If he fulfills it with a language begun elsewhere, his progress toward the degree of compe­ tence demanded is measured by a placement test. This may be one of the achievement tests of the College Entrance Examination Board which he has taken as a requirement for admission. Additional place­ ment tests are given when necessary by the Swarthmore departments of language. Program for Juniors and Seniors W ork in C ourses The work of juniors and seniors in courses includes sufficient con­ centration in one field to give an understanding of professional com­ petence in that field. The major usually consists of four full courses in a single department and is supported by three full courses or six half courses in a related department or departments; these are selected in consultation with the course adviser in the major field. Before graduation the student must pass a comprehensive examination which will test his achievement in his major field and in the supporting subjects. The student must make application to the chairman of his major department before the end of his sophomore year. His adviser will then submit his program for approval to the division most concerned. If a student is not acceptable to any department as a major, he cannot enter the junior class. In addition to major and minor subjects, juniors and seniors usually have room for at least one elective a year. The completion of eighteen full courses, with a minimum average of C, normally constitutes the course requirement for a degree. A student may carry extra work after the freshman year with the approval of his course adviser and of the Committee on Prescribed and Extra Work, provided that his record in the previous year has been satis­ factory. 53 H onors W ork Description of the System Honors work is a system of instruction designed to free from the limitations of class-room routine those students whose maturity and capacity enable them to do independent work. Students who are chosen toward the end of their sophomore year to read for honors are exempt from further course requirements. Instead, during their junior and senior years they study a few subjects intensively and independently. They meet their instructors weekly in small seminars lasting about three hours. In these meetings it is customary for students to present frequent papers, although the methods of stimulating discussion vary greatly. In scientific subjects additional time is spent in the laboratory. The work is so planned that a student takes two seminars each semes­ ter, making a total of eight seminars during his last two years. Depart­ ments sometimes permit their major students to substitute for one seminar the preparation of a thesis. If a department, supported by the division concerned, is of the opinion that seven seminars instead of eight, plus one full course or two half courses, form a better educational program than the usual eight seminars, such a program will be allowed, and will be completed by seven examinations instead of eight. A student whose work shows unusual distinction but who has not elected to read for honors at the end of his sophomore year may be permitted to take the regular honors examinations and receive the degree of honors recommended by the visiting examiners. He must petition the division concerned for this permission before the end of his seventh semester and must submit a list of eight examinations which he feels prepared to take. Honors work involves a concentration of the student’s efforts upon a limited and integrated field of studies. He chooses seminars in three (or sometimes four) allied subjects, and customarily devotes at least one-half of his time to a single department in the line of his major interest, in which he is expected to demonstrate real achievement. Combinations of seminars are not governed by rigid rules but must 54 be approved by the departments and divisions in which work is taken. Combinations involving seminars from two divisions must be approved by the Committee on Extra and Prescribed Work. No examinations or grades are given from semester to semester, although it is customary for honors students to take practice examina­ tions at the end of the junior year over the work covered thus far. These papers are read by the instructor concerned and are used as a basis for advice and guidance for the work of the senior year. At the end of the senior year honors students take written and oral examina­ tions given by examiners from other- institutions.* The' student should attain a degree of proficiency which will enable him to meet a rigorous and searching examination. This examination is designed to test his competence in a field of knowledge rather than his mastery of those facts which an instructor has seen fit to present in seminar. This is one of the chief ends for which the system of v i s i t i n g examiners has been instituted. The examiners first set a three-hour written examination on the subject of each seminar, and after reading the written examination have an opportunity to question each student orally, in order to clarify and enlarge the basis of their judgment of the student’s command of his material. Upon recommendation of the examiners, successful candidates are awarded the bachelor’s degree with honors, with high honors, or with highest honors. Highest honors are awarded only to those who show unusual distinction. When the work of a candidate does not, in the opinion of the examiners, merit honors of any grade, his papers are returned to his instructors, who decide, under rules of the faculty, whether he shall be given a degree in course. Students admitted to honors work who prove unable to meet the requirements or who for other reasons return to regular classes may receive proportional course credit for the work they have done while reading for honors. Regulations governing possible combinations of major and minor subjects in the four divisions appear below. Lists of seminars offered in preparation for examinations follow departmental statements. * For list of examiners in February and June, 1947, see page ISO. 56 COMBINATIONS OF MAJORS AND MINORS FOR HONORS WORK Division of the Humanities Major and minor subjects include English, Fine Arts, French, Ger­ man, Greek, History, Latin, Music, Philosophy, Psychology, and Span­ ish. At least half of the student’s time will probably be devoted to his major subject, the remainder being divided between two related subjects within the division. Division of the Social Sciences Major and minor subjects include Economics, History, Philosophy, Psychology, and Political Science. Students in this division normally devote half their time to their major subject, dividing the remainder among related minor subjects according to plans approved by the division. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences Major subjects include Botany, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Psychology, Zoology; related minor subjects include the subjects listed, and Astronomy and Philosophy. At least half of the student’s time will probably be devoted to his major subject, with the remainder divided between two other related subjects within the division. Division of Engineering Major subjects for honors work in this division include Civil Engi­ neering, Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering; a minor may be taken in either or both of the engineering departments in which the student does not have his major, or in Chemistry, Mathe­ matics, Physics or Economics. At least one-half of the student’s time will be devoted to his major in engineering. The degree granted is the B.S. in Engineering. The final examination will include papers on the fundamentals of the three professional departments of engineering, four papers on the seminars of the senior year, and one or two additional papers based upon the course which the student has taken, the number of the papers and their subjects to be determined by the faculty of the division. 56 P rocedure for A dmission to H onors W ork A candidate for admission to an honors division must file his appli­ cation near the end of his sophomore year with the chairman of his division, and must indicate the particular combination of related sub­ jects on which he wishes to be examined for his degree. His acceptance by the division depends in part upon the quality of his previous work as indicated by the grades he has received but mainly upon his appar­ ent capacity for assuming the responsibility of honors work. The names of successful candidates are announced later in the spring. The major department will then arrange, in consultation with the student, a defi­ nite program of subjects to constitute the field of knowledge on which he will be examined at the end of his senior year. That department is responsible for drawing up the original plan of his work, for super­ vising his choice of seminars in all departments and for keeping in touch with his progress from semester to semester. The division is responsible for approval of the student’s original program and for any subsequent changes in that program. Proposals for combinations of subjects or departments not provided for in the divisional arrange­ ments must be submitted by the division to the Committee on Extra and Prescribed Work for final approval. P r e -M e d ic a l P rogram The pre-medical student’s program is planned and his work super­ vised by the Pre-medical Advisory Committee. There is more than one program of courses by which a student may prepare himself for ad­ mission to medical school. In mapping out a program for each student the Committee keeps in mind (a) the particular interests of the stu­ dent, (b) the entrance requirements of the medical schools of the student’s choice, (c) the need for an understanding of basic social problems and the cultivation of a sensitiveness for the enduring values in the arts and literature, and (d) the value of intensive work in at least one field. In order to meet medical school requirements most pre-medical students take Chemistry 1A, IB, 2 and 6A; English Composition; Mathematics 1, 2; Physics 1; Zoology 1, 2, 3, 4; a modern foreign language (preferably German) to a point equivalent to the completion of course 2. The work of the junior and senior years may be taken in 57 the Honors program or in course. Intensive work may be carried out in a single field or in closely related departments. Pre-medical students may fulfill the major requirements in the department of their own choice, usually, but not necessarily, in chemistry, mathematics, physics, or zoology; or they may fulfill the requirement by completing three full courses in each of two related departments in the division of mathematics and the natural sciences. In the latter case the compre­ hensive examinations will be arranged jointly by the departments concerned. Although some students have been admitted to medical schools upon the completion of three years of college work, many of the best medical schools strongly advise completion of four years of college. Faculty Regulations A ttendance at C lasses and C o l l e c t io n Members of the faculty will hold students responsible for regular attendance at classes and will report to the Deans the name of any student whose repeated absence is in their opinion impairing the student’s work. The number of cuts allowed in a given course is not specified, a fact which places a heavy responsibility on all students to make sure that their work is not suffering as a result of absences. Since freshmen must exercise particular care in this respect and since the faculty recognizes its greater responsibility toward freshmen in the matter of class attendance, it is expected that freshmen, especially, will attend all their classes. When illness necessitates absence from classes the student should report at once to the nurses or to the college physicians. The last meeting before vacation and the first meeting after vacation in each course must be attended. The minimum penalty for violation of this rule is probation. The exact definition of probation in individ­ ual cases is left to the Deans with the understanding that it shall include attendance at all classes without cuts. Absences from Collection are acted upon by the Deans as instructed by the Collection Committee. All students are allowed two absences from Collection each term. 58 G rades Instructors report to the Deans’ office at intervals during th e year upon the work of students in courses. Inform al reports during the semester take the form of comments on unsatisfactory work. A t the end of each semester form al grades are given in each course u n d er the letter system, by which A m eans excellent work; B m eans good work; C means fair work; D means poor work, an d E shows failure. W signifies w ith­ drawn a n d Cond. signifies conditioned in the course. Reports are sent to parents and to students at the end of each semester. F o r graduation in general courses, a C average is required; for graduation in honors work, the recom m endation of the visiting ex­ aminers. (See pp. 53 to 55 an d p. 62). T h e m ark “conditioned” indicates either (1) th at a student has done unsatisfactory work in the first half of a course, b u t by creditable work du rin g the second half m ay earn a passing grade for the full course, and thereby remove his condition; (2) th at a student’s work is incom ­ plete in respect to specific assignments or exam inations; w hen he com­ pletes it, he will remove his condition. Conditions of b o th types m ust norm ally be m ade u p in the term immediately following th at in which they were incurred; for the removal of conditions of type (2), a date is set at the end of the first six weeks of each term w hen make-up exam inations m ust be scheduled and late papers subm itted. U nder special circumstances involving a use of laboratories or attendance at courses not im m ediately available, a student may secure permission to extend the tim e for m aking u p a condition u n til the second term following. Any condition not m ade up w ithin a year from the tim e it is im posed shall thereafter be recorded as E, i.e., com plete failure, which cannot be m ade up. E xtra or F ew er C o u rses A student may carry m ore or less than the norm al num ber of courses only if he has the form al approval of his course adviser and of the Com m ittee on Prescribed and E xtra W ork. H e should subm it his peti­ tion to the com m ittee w ithin one week of registration. 59 E x a m in a t io n s Any student who is absent from an exam ination, announcem ent of which was m ade in advance, shall be given an exam ination at another h o u r only by special arrangem ent w ith the instructor in charge of the course. N o exam ination in absentia shall be perm itted. T h is rule shall be in terp reted to m ean th at instructors shall give exam inations only at the college and u n d er direct departm ental supervision. Su m m er Sc h o o l W ork Students desiring to transfer credit from a sum m er school are re­ q u ired to obtain the endorsem ent of the chairm an of the departm ent concerned before entering upon the work, an d after com pleting the work are required to pass an exam ination set by the Swarthm ore de­ partm ent. R e s id e n c e A ll m en students except freshm en choose th eir rooms in order deter­ m ined by lot. All freshmen, bo th m en and women, are assigned to rooms by the Deans. Upperclass wom en have a preferential system carried o u t by a com m ittee of students and members of the adm in­ istrative staff. Students m ay occupy th eir room s between terms only by special arrangem ent w ith the Deans. T h e college dining room is closed during all vacations. Freshm en are asked to leave the college im m ediately after their last exam ination in Ju n e so th at their rooms m ay be used by Commence­ m ent visitors. P r o h ib it io n of A u t o m o b il e s a t Sw a r t h m o r e By action of the faculty, approved by the Board of Managers, under­ graduates are forbidden to m aintain autom obiles at the college or in th e borough of Swarthmore. T h e regulation is as follows: 60 R esident students are no t allowed to keep autom obiles on th e cam­ pus or in the borough of Swarthmore. T h e ru le prohibits equally the keeping of autom obiles owned by students and those owned by other persons b u t placed in the custody or control of students. Day students may use cars in com m uting to college. U nder exceptional circumstances, a student may obtain permission from one of the Deans to keep an autom obile in the borough for a lim ited time. Parents and students m ust realize th at this regulation will be strictly enforced; students who do no t observe it will be asked to w ithdraw from college. E x c l u s io n from C ollege T h e college reserves the rig h t to exclude at any tim e students whose conduct or academic standing it regards as undesirable, and w ithout assigning any fu rth er reason therefor; in such cases fees will not be refunded or rem itted, in whole or in part, and neither the college nor any of its officers shall be u n d er any liability whatsoever for such exclusion. 61 Requirements for Graduation Bachelor of A rts and B achelor of Sc ie n c e T h e degrees of B achelor of A rts and Bachelor of Science are con­ ferred u pon students who have m et the following requirem ents for graduation: 1. T h e candidate m ust have com pleted eighteen full courses o r ten courses and eight seminars w ith an average grade of C. 2. H e m ust have com plied w ith the course requirem ents for the first two years. 3. H e m ust have m et the requirem ents in the m ajor an d m inor fields du ring the last tw o years. 4. H e m ust have passed satisfactorily the com prehensive exam ina­ tions in his m ajor and m inor fields or m et the standards set by v i s i t i n g examiners for a degree w ith honors. 5. H e m ust have com pleted four term s of study at Swarthm ore College, two of which have been those of the senior year. 6. H e m ust have com pleted the physical education requirem ents set fo rth in the statem ents of the Physical E ducation D epartm ents (see pages 111 to 113). 7. H e m ust have attended the C ollection exercises of the College in accordance w ith the regulations (see page 46). 2. H e m ust have paid all outstanding bills and retu rn ed all equip­ m ent an d library books. Advanced Degrees M aster o f A rts and M aster o f S c ie n c e T h e degrees of M aster of Arts and M aster of Science may be con­ ferred u p o n graduates of Swarthm ore College or of other institutions of satisfactory standing who spend at least a year in residence at this college, pursuing a course of study approved by the faculty. Each can­ did ate for th e M aster’s degree m ust prepare a satisfactory thesis on a subject assigned by the professor in charge of the m ajor subject, and 62 m ust pass a final oral exam ination before a com m ittee of the faculty. In recent years the policy of the faculty has been opposed to accepting candidates for the M aster’s degree. A d v a n c e d E n g in e e r in g D egrees T h e advanced degrees of M echanical Engineer (M.E.), Electrical Engineer (E.E.), and Civil Engineer (C.E.), may be obtained by graduates who have received their B achelor’s degree in Engineering upon th e fulfilling of the requirem ents given below: 1. T h e candidate m ust have been engaged in engineering work for five years since receiving his first degree. 2. H e' m ust have had charge of engineering work and m ust be in a position of responsibility and trust at the tim e of application. 3. H e m ust m ake application and subm it an outline of the thesis he expects to present, one full year before the advanced degree is to be conferred. 4. T h e thesis m ust be subm itted for approval one calendar m onth before the tim e of granting the degree. 5. Every candidate shall pay a registration fee of $5 and an addi­ tional fee of $20 when the degree is conferred. Awards and Prizes T h e I vy M eda l F und was created by a gift from Owen M oon, ’94. T h e income of the fund is used to purchase a m edal which is placed in the hands of the faculty for aw ard on Com mencem ent Day to a male m em ber of the graduating class. T h e regulations governing the award are as follows: (1) T h e qualifications for the Ivy M edal are sim ilar to those for the Rhodes Scholarships an d include (a) qualities of m anhood, force of character, and leadership; (b) literary and scholastic ability and attain ­ ments. T hese have been phrased by the donor in the words “leadership based u p o n character and scholarship.” (2) I t is the wish of the donor th at the m edal should no t be awarded on a mere basis of averages. Instead, it is desired th at the w inner should 63 be a m an who gives prom ise of distinction either in character or in intellectual attainm ents, as opposed to a m an who has merely m ade the m ost of m ediocre abilities. (3) O n the other hand, it is the wish of the donor th at the m edal should n o t go to a m an who, while showing excellence in some one respect, has fallen seriously below the standard in others. T h e O ak L eaf M edal was established by David Dwight Rowlands of the Class of 1909. It was later perm anently endowed in memory of him by Hazel C. Rowlands, ’07, and Caroline A. Lukens, ’98. T h e m edal is placed in the hands of the faculty to be aw arded each year to the w om an m em ber of the Senior Class who is outstanding for loyalty, scholarship an d service. T h e M cC abe E ngineering A ward, founded by T hom as B. McCabe, 1915, is to be presented each year to the outstanding engineering stu­ d en t in the Senior Class. T h e recipient is chosen by a committee of the faculty of the Division of Engineering. T h e C rane P rize, a m em orial to Charles E. Crane, Jr., of the Class of 1936, is an aw ard of about $20, given for the purchase of philo­ sophical books, and presented annually to the ju n io r who, in the opin­ ion of the departm ent, has done the best work in Philosophy. T h e A. E dward N ewton L ibrary P rize, endowed by A. Edward Newton, to m ake perm anent the L ibrary Prize first established by W. W . T hayer, is aw arded annually to th at undergraduate who, in the opinion of the Com m ittee of Award, shows the best and most intelli­ gently chosen collection of books u pon any subject. P articular emphasis is laid in the awards no t merely upon the size of the collection b u t also upon the skill w ith which the books are selected and upon the owner’s knowledge of their subject-matter. T h e K atherine B. Sicard P rize, endowed by th e D elta Gam m a F raternity in m em ory of K atherine B. Sicard, ex 34, is aw arded an­ nually to the freshm an w om an who, in the opinion of the departm ent, shows greatest proficiency in English. P ublic Speaking C ontests. Prizes for annual contests in public speaking are provided by two funds as follows: T h e E lla F rances B unting E xtemporary Speaking F und awards $45 in six prizes, 64 ■MB A Corner of the B iddle M em orial Library and the Tow er of the M ain Library. Parrish H all. three for m en and three for women, for the best extem poraneous short speeches. T h e O w e n M oore F und provides the D elta U psilon Speak­ ing Contest prizes totalling $25 for the best prepared speeches on topics of cu rren t interest. T h e G eorge F o x A w ard of $100 is presented annually by an anonymous friend of the College to the undergraduate who writes the best essay on some phase of the history or testimonies of the Society of Friends. T h e E l iza b et h F ry A w ard of $50, together w ith an autographed copy of Jan e t Payne W hitney’s biography of Elizabeth Fry, is presented annually by an anonym ous friend of the College to the undergraduate who writes the best essay on some aspect of the social attitudes and ac­ tivities of some Q uaker individual or group, preferably of recent times. T h e J o h n R ussell H ayes P o etry P rizes are of a value of approx­ im ately $25 for a first prize, and $15 for a second prize, offered for the best original poem or for a translation from any language. M anuscripts should be ready by A pril 1 of each year. Fellowships T h e re are six fellowships offered to graduates of Swarthm ore College. T h re e fellowships are aw arded annually by the faculty, on recom­ m endation of the Com m ittee on Fellowships, to graduates of the col­ lege for the p ursuit of advanced work under the direction of the facility o r w ith th eir approval. As the result of an accum ulation of incom e in the fellowship funds, it is expected th at one o r more special appoint­ m ents can be m ade in 1948 in addition to those norm ally available. A pplications for fellowships m ust be in the hands of the committee by A pril 15. T hese three fellowships are: T h e H a n n a h A. L eed o m F e l l o w s h ip of $500, founded by the bequest of H a n n ah A. Leedom. T h e J o sh u a L ip p in c o t t F e l l o w sh ip of $600, founded by H ow ard W . L ippincott, of the Class of 1875, in memory of his father. 65 T h e J ohn L ockwood M emorial F ellowship of $600, founded by the bequest of Lydia A. Lockwood, New York, in memory of her brother, Jo h n Lockwood. I t was the wish of the donor th at the fellow­ ship be aw arded to a m em ber of the Society of Friends. T h e o th er three fellowships are: T h e L ucretia M ott F ellowship , founded by the Somerville L it­ erary Society and sustained by the contribution of its life members, has yielded an annual income since its foundation of $525. I t is awarded each year by a com m ittee of the faculty (selected by the society), w ith the concurrence of the life members of the society, to a young wom an graduate of th at year who is to pursue advanced study at some other in stitu tio n approved by this committee. T h e M artha E. T yson F ellowship , founded by the Somerville L iterary Society in 1913, is sustained by the contributions of life mem ­ bers of th e society and yields an incom e of $500 or more. I t is aw arded biennially by a jo in t com m ittee of the faculty and the society (elected by the society) w ith the concurrence of the life m embers of the society to a wom an graduate of Swarthm ore College, who has taught success­ fully for two years after h er graduation and expects to continue teach­ ing. T h e recipient of the aw ard is to pursue a course of study fitting her for m ore efficient w ork in an institution approved by the Com m ittee of Award. Sigma X i R esearch F ellowship . T h e Swarthm ore C hapter of Sigma X I appoints, from tim e to time, as funds are available, Fellows w ith research grants w ith a m axim um value of $1,000. T h e holders of this fellowship are usually associates of the chapter who have shown conspicuous ability in graduate studies. T h e purpose of the chapter in aw arding these fellowships is to relieve w orthy students from teaching an d o th er distracting duties so th at they m ay concentrate as m uch as possible u pon th eir research. Applications for these fellowships should be m ade to the secretary of the chapter n o t later th an the m iddle of M arch. A ppointm ents will be announced about the m iddle of April. 66 Botany A ssistant P rofessor: L uzern G. L ivingston, Chairman. 1. PLANT BIOLOGY. Mr. Livingston. Half course. This course is designed to introduce the student to the fundamental aspects of plant biology. Particular emphasis is placed on plant functions, and the relation­ ships of plant functions to organisms generally, and to man. T he main topics considered include protoplasm and the cell, structure and function in the higher plant, plant metabolism, growth and differentiation, reproduction, genetics, and a brief evolutionary survey of the plant kingdom. This course is a prerequisite for advanced courses in botany. Three lectures and one laboratory period per week. 2. GENETICS. Mr. Livingston. Half course. A study of the fundamental principles of genetics, including Mendelian in­ heritance, the chromosome mechanism and the gene theory, and the application of the principles of genetics to plant and animal breeding. Two lectures, one conference, and one laboratory period per week. 3. TAXONOMY. (Omitted in 1947-48) Half course. A course including (1) the methods involved in identification of native and horticultural species of the campus and woods, and (2) considerations of evi­ dence from various fields of study, i.e., anatomy, morphology, cytology, etc., which bear directly on the problems of interrelationships of angiosperms. Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 4. PLANT ANATOMY. (Omitted in 1947-48) Half course. A course designed to introduce the technique of plant tissue preparation and the fundamentals of plant anatomy, including cellular organization of vege­ tative and reproductive parts as well as critical consideration of meristematic activity and differentiation. Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 5. SURVEY OF TH E PLANT KINGDOM. (Omitted in 1947-48) Half course. A comparative study of the structure and life habits of the thallophytes, bryophytes, and tracheophytes (exclusive of the angiosperms). Particular attention will be given to current concepts of evolutionary relationships from the stand­ points of both comparative morphology and paleobotanical evidence. 6. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Mr. Livingston. Half course. An integrated study of the physiological processes of the higher plant, including general cellular physiology, water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, enzyme action and organic synthesis, cellular respiration, translocation, the physiology of growth and development, and related topics. Two lectures, one conference, and one laboratory period per week. 7. ECONOMIC BOTANY. (Omitted in 1947-48) Half course. A study of the principles and factors which condition the utilization of plant materials such as wood and wood products, fibers, food products (fruits, cereals, leaf and root crops), drugs, etc. Three lectures per week, plus reports and/or laboratory. 8. TH E BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA. Mr. Livingston. Half course. An approach to the study of bacteriology with principal emphasis on the con­ sideration of bacteria as organisms rather than causative agents for disease, etc. Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. 68 9. CYTOLOGY. (Omitted in 1947-48) Half course. An advanced course including a study of both cytoplasmic and nuclear struc­ tures. Prerequisite, either Botany 4 or Zoology 5 (Microscopic Anatomy). 10. SPECIAL TOPICS. Mr. Livingston. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M ajors Half course. and M in ors in C ourse Students intending to major in botany are advised to consult a depart­ mental representative early in their college course for the purpose of planning a well integrated program. Plant Biology 1 and Chemistry 1 are required as prerequisites for advanced work. Courses in physics, mathematics, and further courses in chemistry are highly desirable, particularly for students anticipating graduate study. For students planning to minor in botany* Plant Biology 1 constitutes the sole prerequisite. Numerous libraries, museums, and parks in and around Philadelphia offer unusual opportunities for students to carry on investigations in the botanical sciences. H onors W ork Prerequisites. The following courses, or their equivalents, are required for admission to Honors work in botany: biology (see Course 1 above) and gen­ eral inorganic chemistry. Students are also urged to present additional preparation in physics, mathematics, and chemistry whenever this is possible. Candidates for Honors should arrange a discussion of their course program in relation to future Honors work as early as possible in their freshman year. Seminars. The following seminars prepare for examinations for a degree with Honors: 1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. An integrated study of the physical, chemical and biological aspects underlying plant function. 2. PLANT TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION. A dose study of the classification and distribution of our most important plant families. Laboratory and field work in plant identification, and a consideration of the effects of environment factors on the distribution of plants. 3. GENETICS. A study of the structure and development of the cell-theories of inheritance. Mendelism, plant and animal breeding methods and problems, etc. 4. CYTOLOGY. A detailed study of plant and animal cells from the point of view of morphology and function. Especial attention is given to cytogenetics. 5. PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. A morphological and physiological study of growth phenomena in plants. 6. BACTERIOLOGY. A study of the biology and biochemistry of bacteria. 69 Chemistry P rofessors : H . J e r m a in C r e ig h t o n , Chairman. E dward H . C o x . A ssociate P rofessors : D uncan G . F oster . W a l t e r B. K e ig h t o n , J r . A ssistant P ro fesso r : H e r m a n I. E nos , J r . A ssistan t : P h y l l is A m b l e r B ra u n er . IA. IN O R G A N IC CH EM ISTR Y . M r. C reighton an d Mrs. B rauner. H a lf course. Three lecture and recitation periods and four hours of laboratory weekly. Some of the central concepts and fundamental principles of chemistry are studied thoroughly. The application of these principles is emphasized rather than the mere accumulation of chemical facts in order that the student may learn the methods of chemicil inquiry through their use. T he course is designed to meet the needs of those students who wish to study chemistry as a part of their gen­ eral education as well as those professionally interested in chemistry. Textbooks: Hildebrand and Latimer, Principles of Chemistry and Reference Book of In­ organic Chemistry; Bray and Latimer, A Course in General Chemistry. IB. IN O R G A N IC C H EM ISTR Y . Mr. C reighton an d Mrs. B rauner. H a lf course. Three lectures and one laboratory period weekly. This course is a continuation of Chemistry 1A and is also concerned with the fundamental principles of chemistry. Textbooks: Those listed under Chemistry 1A. 2. A N A LY TIC A L C H EM ISTR Y . M r. Foster. H a lf course. Three lecture and recitation periods and eight hours of laboratory weekly. The modem theory of solutions of electrolytes and its application to analytical chemistry. The practice of semi-micro qualitative analysis with an introduction to quantitative analysis. This course is designed to serve as the introductory course in analytical chemistry for chemistry majors and also to fulfill the requirements in the subject for admission to most medical schools. Textbook: Fales and Kenny, Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. Prerequisite, Chemistry IB with a minimum grade of C. 4B. A N A LY TIC A L CH EM ISTR Y . M r. Foster. F ull course, in one semester. Identical with Seminar 1. Majors in chemistry in course normally take this course in the second semester of their senior year. Prerequisite: Chemistry 2, with a minimum grade of C. 5. PHYSICAL CH EM ISTR Y . M r. K eighton. F ull course. Three hours of conference and lectures and four hours of laboratory weekly. T he fundamental principles of theoretical chemistry are studied and a number of numerical exercises are worked. In the laboratory the student uses a wide variety of physical-chemical apparatus. Prerequisites, Chemistry IB with a minimum grade of C, Physics 1, Mathe­ matics 12. This course is offered to juniors and seniors. 6A. O R G A N IC CH EM ISTR Y . M r. Cox o r M r. Enos. H a lf course. Three lectures, four hours of laboratory and one optional conference hour per week. T he course covers classification and nomenclature of compounds, ele70 mentary reactions and some theoretical matter in the field of organic chemistry. Both the aliphatic and aromatic series are surveyed and some twenty compounds in both series are prepared. This is a terminal course but is also preparatory to chemistry 6B. It is a prerequisite for admission to the honors seminar in organic chemistry and for entrance to some medical schools. Prerequisite, Chemistry IB with a minimum grade of C. 6B. O R G A N IC CH EM ISTR Y . Mr. Cox o r M r. Enos. H a lf course. Two lectures and eight hours of laboratory per week. T he course goes more deeply into the principles and practices of the subject than 6A. Advanced reac­ tions, mechanisms, proofs of structure, and theory are considered. Half of the laboratory time is devoted to more advanced preparations and half to qualitative organic analysis. Students who do not major in chemistry are not required to pursue the work in analysis. T he course is designed for both majors and minors and premedical students who wish more organic chemistry. Prerequisite, Chemistry 6A with a minimum grade of C. 6C. ADVANCED O R G A N IC CH EM ISTR Y . M r. Enos. H a lf course. This course is one of the senior elective courses. Organic preparations are selected from Organic Syntheses. High and low pressure reductions as well as vapor phase dehydrations are included. Approximately six hours of laboratory work per week are required and in addition three hours are devoted to library search and review of organic chemical literature. Prerequisite,vChemistry 6B with a minimum grade of C. 7. ADVANCED IN O R G A N IC CH EM ISTR Y . M r. Enos. H a lf course. Three hours of conference and lectures with an additional four hours per week devoted to selected readings on modern developments in inorganic chemistry. Prerequisite, Chemistry 5. R e q u ir e m e n t s fo r M ajors and M in ors Students with a major in chemistry follow a course of study leading to the degree of A.B. This degree may be taken either in course or with honors. In either case there must be completed, during the first two years, the following: Two courses in chemistry, two courses in mathematics, one course in physics, and German to the completion of course 2. Students who come to college with the intention of majoring in chemistry are strongly advised to take Chemistry 1A in their first term and IB in the second term. They also take mathematics in their first term, postponing his­ tory until later. Students may select chemistry as a major at some later date, but often at some sacrifice of flexibility in their program. There are various arrangements of the curriculum which lead to gradua­ tion with a major in chemistry. The particular courses which make up the curriculum of any one student will depend upon his or her preparation, abilities, interests, and objectives. The following, however, is a typical curriculum for the student in course. Freshman Year Chemistry 1A, IB Mathematics 1, 2 German 2A, 2B Philosophy 2 (Introduction) English 1 (Modern Literature) Economics 1A, IB or Political Science 1A, IB 71 Júnior Year Chemistry 5A, 5B, 6B Electives: two full tourses, usually Physics 2A, 2B, and Mathematics 16, 17; one half course. Senior Year Sophomore Year Chemistry 2, 6A Mathematics 11, 12 Physics 1A, IB History 1A, IB or Economics 1A, or Political Science 1A, IB Psychology 1A Elective (half course) Chemistry 6C, 7, and the Analytical Chemistry Seminar. Electives: two full courses, not in Chemistry, and not introductory courses. H onors W ork Before admission to Honors work the chemistry major will have completed the curriculum of the first two years, outlined above, or its equivalent. At the end of their senior year, Honors students majoring in chemistry normally take four examination papers in chemistry, with the remaining papers-usually selected from mathematics, physics, or zoology. The following seminars are offered as preparation for the examination in chemistry: 1. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Mr. Foster. Approximately sixteen hours of laboratory work and one three-hour conference weekly. T he theory and practice of volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Majors in chemistry in honors normally take this seminar in the second semester of their junior year. Prerequisite, Chemistry 2, with a minimum grade of C. 2. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. Mr. Keighton. Weekly seminar and laboratory. T he work of the seminar includes the study of the states of aggregation of matter, elementary principles of thermodynamics, equilibrium, the theory of solutions, electro-chemistry and colloid chemistry. One day per week is spent in the laboratory. Prerequisites: Physics, Calculus, and Analytical Chemistry. 3. ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. Mr. Keighton. Weekly seminar and laboratory. T he work of the seminar includes the study of thermodynamics, the activity concept and activity coefficients, the Debye-Hiickel theory of strong electrolytes, and chemical kinetics including photochemistry and acid-base catalysis. One day per week is spent in the laboratory. 4. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Mr. Cox. In lieu of lectures, one three-hour seminar per week is devoted to discussions of the principles and practices of organic chemistry. T he material covered is much like that given in 6B and 6C. Reports covering extensive readings are made from time to time. Eight hours of laboratory per week are devoted to the prepara­ tions of organic compounds and qualitative organic analysis. Students who do not major in chemistry are not required to pursue the work in analysis. T he seminar is especially designed for chemistry majors reading for honors. Minor students should have covered Chemistry 2, at least one semester of Chemistry 5, and Chemistry 6A, before entering the seminar. 72 m Classics P rofessors : S usan P . C obbs . L . R . Sh e r o , Acting Chairman. . V isit in g P ro fessor : , G eorge D e p u e H adzsits . * Greek * 1. ELEMENTARY GREEK. Miss Cobbs. F ull course. Study of the essentials of Greek grammar and reading of easy selections from Greek literature, with collateral study of various aspects of Greek civilization. 2. INTERMEDIATE GREEK. Mr. Shero. F ull course. Selections from Homer and from Herodotus and Plato’s Apology are read. 3. GREEK SURVEY. F ull course. (Offered as required.) A survey of Greek literature with reading of some of the masterpieces of prose and of poetry of the classical period. 4. ADVANCED GREEK READING. F ull course. (Offered as required.) T he reading done in this course is determined by the interests and needs of the members of the class. 9. GREEK LITERATURE IN ENGLISH. Mr. Shero. H a lf course, alternate years. Study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Greek literature, including the Iliad, several of the dramas, Thucydides, and Plato’s Republic. Latin 1. SUB-FRESHMAN LATIN. Mr. Hadzsits. H F ull course. (Offered as required.) For students who begin Latin in college or for those who are not prepared to enter Latin 2. (Equivalent normally to two years’ preparation in secondary school.) 2. INTERMEDIATE LATIN. Miss Cobbs. F ull course or two h a lf courses. Prose and verse (including Phaedrus, Gellius, Roman Law; Ovid, Virgil) selected according to the interests and needs of the members of the class. For students who have had two or more years of preparatory Latin and are not prepared to enter Latin 3. 3. LATIN SURVEY. Mr. Hadzsits. H F ull course or two h a lf courses. A survey of Latin literature with emphasis upon Comedy, Livy, and Horace. T he course aims to give students some conception of the Roman spirit as manifested in Latin literature and in the personality of Latin writers. Open to those whose Achievement Tests indicate adequate preparation. 4. ADVANCED LATIN READING. Mr. Hadzsits. F ull course or two h a lf courses. Selected Letters of Cicero and Pliny, selections from Tacitus; Catullus, Virgil’s Eclogues and Georgies. 5. ROMAN SATIRE AND EPIGRAM. H a lf course. (Offered as required.) 6. LATIN PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS. H a lf course. (O ffered as required.) 73 7. LATIN LANGUAGE. H a lf course. (Offered as required.) A study of the development of the Latin language. Practice in reading Latin, in writing Latin prose, and in translating Latin (including medieval Latin) at sight. 8. COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY. H a lf course. (Offered as required.) Review readings and supplementary reading in Latin authors and in modem authorities on Roman history, public and private antiquities, art, literature, and religion. Designed to enable students, through independent study and occasional conferences, to prepare themselves for final comprehensive examina­ tions. Open to seniors with a major in Latin. 9. LATIN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH. Mr. Shero. H a lf course, alternate years. A study in English translation of some of the masterpieces of Latin literature, with emphasis upon the drama, satire, and philosophic writings and their influence upon western thought and literature. Ancient History and Civilization 10. THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD: GREECE. Mr. Shero. H a lf course, alternate years. A study of Greek civilization in its most significant aspects to the time of the Hellenistic kingdoms, preceded by a brief survey of the Oriental civilizations by which the Greeks were influenced. Special attention is given to the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. 11. THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD: ROME. Mr. Shero. H a lf course, alternate years. A survey of the history of Rome to the accession of Marcus Aurelius, with emphasis upon republican institutions and the Augustan principate. T he course . stresses the Roman genius for organization and administration. 12. GREEK LIFE AND THOU GHT H a lf course. (Offered as required.) A general survey of those aspects of Greek civilization which have had special significance for the modern world, with detailed study of some of the master­ pieces of Greek art and of Greek literature (in translation). 13. INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. H a lf course. (Offered as required.) A study of the methods of archaeological investigation, with a survey of the development of Greek and Roman architecture, sculpture, painting, ceramics, numismatics, and town-planning. Special attention is given to the early Greek period and to Pompeii. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M ajors and M inors Greek or Latin may be offered as a major or minor subject in course or in Honors work. Prerequisites for students reading for Honors are given below. Major and minor students in course are required to take the following during the first two years: 74 Greek or Latin 3A and 3B (or, i£ the language is begun in college, through course 2B); Greek or Latin Literature in English, whichever is not read in the original language. (Adjustments may be made for special cases.) Recommended for major and minor students during the first two years: Latin 4 or Greek 3; ancient history or archaeology; a modern language and literature; Fine Arts 1 and 2. H onors W ork L General prerequisite: For a major in Greek or Latin: Elementary Greek (1), Intermediate Greek (2), Latin Survey (3). (Adjustments may be made for special cases.) For a minor in Greek: Elementary Greek (1), Intermediate Greek (2). For a minor in Latin: Latin Survey (3). II. Supplementary preparation advised: Greek 3 or Latin 4, ancient history or archaeology, philosophy, French or German literature. III. Seminars: The following seminars prepare for examinations for a de­ gree with Honors: 1. History of Ancient Greek and Roman Civilization, a survey concentrating upon political institutions, art, and religion. 2. Intensive Study of a Special Period of Greek or Roman History: Solon to the end of the Peloponnesian War; the Gracchi to Nero. 3. Plato. (See page 108 under Department of Philosophy.) 4. Greek or Latin Language: an introduction to classical philology, epigraphy, palaeography; practice in reading and writing in Greek or in Latín. 5. Prose Authors: Greek, Thucydides, Plato, the Attic Orators; or Latin, with emphasis upon Cicero, Seneca, and the Historians. 6. Poets: Greek, with emphasis upon Epic and Tragedy; or Latin, with emphasis upon Epic (including Lucretius) and Satire. 7. Greek and Roman Archaeology: intensive study of the results of excavations in a few important cities and sanctuaries (e.g., Corinth, Olympia; Herculaneum, Ostia). 8. Greek and Roman Political Thought: the principles presented in the writings of Plato, Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero, and in the careers of representative Roman statesmen. Required for a major in Greek or Latin: Nos. 5, 6, either 3 or 4, and one elective from the group above. Required for a minor in Greek or Latin: Nos. 5 and 6 above and an addi­ tional paper testing translation at sight. Required for a major in Ancient History: Two seminars in the ancient field (Nos. 1, 2, 7, or 8 above) and two seminars in medieval or modem history. See the statement under History. IV. A thesis may be substituted for No. 1 or No. 2 above if students have adequate preparation in history, ancient art, and modern languages. 75 Economies P rofessors: *C lair W ilcox . • H erbert F. F raser. P atrick M urphy M alin . A ssociate P rofessor: F rank C. P ierson, Chairman 1947-48. A ssistant P rofessors: C aleb A. Sm ith . ♦W olfgang F. Stolper . I nstructor: E ugene R. B eem (part-time). L ecturers: Sergei D obrovolsky. R ichard A. M usgrave (first semester). R aymond T. B owman (second semester). C ourse W ork Courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 13 are offered annually, other courses normally in alternate years; advanced courses are open only to juniors and seniors, and course 13 is open only to senior majors in course; one semester of course 7 or 8 may be taken for half-course credit. Course 1 is pre requisite to all advanced courses and seminars, and courses 2 and 3 and Political Science 1 are strongly recommended to all students who plan to major in Economics, whether in course or in honors; courses 4 and 5 are required of all majors in course, and should be taken during the junior year. Introductory Courses: 1. INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS. Full course. Offered in 1947-48 by all members of the department. A description of the structure of the economy. A study of economic processes. An elementary analysis of the determination of prices and the distribution of income. A discussion of contemporary economic problems. 2 ACCOUNTING. Half course, first semester. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Smith. Theory of corporate accountancy; the functions and the interpretation of financial statements, including credit analysis and financial and operating ratios; economic implications of accounting. 3 STATISTICS. Half course, second semester. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Smith, Study and application of statistical methods used in analyses of economic data. • Absent on leave 1947-48. Advanced Courses: 4. MONEY AND BANKING. Half course, normally first semester. Offered in 1947-48 in second semester by Mr. Pierson. Development and significance of the institutions of money, credit and banking. Theory and practice of commercial banking. Central banking, liquidity, prices and monetary standards. Credit control. Objectives in monetary policy. 5. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. Half course, second semester. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Dobrovolsky. An analysis of the processes by which prices of goods and services are determined under different market conditions. A study of national income and general equilibrium conditions. T he application of economic theory to public policy problems. r 1 6. BUSINESS CYCLES. Half course, first semester. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Musgrave. Probably to be offered next in 1948-49. A discussion of the time series used to measure the business cycle; a brief survey of the statistical methods used; a discussion of business cycle theories with par­ ticular emphasis on the determinants of the level of income and employment. 7. ECONOMICS OF BUSINESS. # Normally full course. Offered in 1947-48, in first semester only, by Mr. Dobrovolsky. Probably to be offered next in 1948-49. ' T he economic problems which confront the business executive. First semester: corporate organization and finance; investment banking and the securities exchanges; business saving and investment in relation to the level of national economic activity. Second semester: marketing problems and price policies; risk, speculation and insurance. 8. PUBLIC CONTROL OF BUSINESS. Normally full course. Offered in 1947-48, in first semester only, by Mr. Smith. Probably to be offered next in 1949-50. First semester: competition and monopoly in construction, manufacturing, agri­ culture, marketing and the service trades; public enforcement and regulation of competition. Second semester: public control of production and prices in municipal utilities, transportation, communications and the extractive indus­ tries; public control of prices in war-time. 9. LABOR PROBLEMS. Half course, first semester. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Pierson. Probably to be offered next in 1948-49. T he position of the industrial worker; the American labor movement; the structure and functions of unions. Employer approaches to labor relations; personnel programs. T he economics of wage policies. Governmental control of labor relations. 77 10. SOCIAL ECONOMICS. H a lf course, norm ally first semester. Offered in 1947-48 in second semester by Mr. Smith. Probably to be offered next in 1949-50. An examination of the extent, consequences and causes of economic inequality. An appraisal of economic reforms with particular reference to social security, medical care, housing, minimum wage laws, the social use of the taxing power, consumer’s co-operation, socialism, and economic planning. 11. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS. Half course, normally first semester. Offered in 1947-48 in second semester by Mr. Malin. Probably to be offered next in 1949-50. International monetary problems: the balance of payments, the gold standard, free exchanges, exchange equalization accounts, exchange control. T he theory of international trade. Commercial policy: tariffs, quotas, clearing agreements, reciprocal trade agreements. 12. PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION. H a lf course, norm ally second semester. Offered in 1947-48 in first semester by Mr. Malin. Probably to be offered next in 1948-49. An examination of the efforts to restore and develop domestic and interna­ tional economic life after World War II, with special attention to the United States, Great Britain, and the European continent. T he inter-relations of the chief kinds of economic systems—free enterprise in America, communism in Russia and semi-socialism in England. 13. SPECIAL TOPICS. (Open only to senior majors in course.) H a lf course, norm ally second semester. Offered in 1947-48 in both semesters by Mr. Pierson. Systematic readings in fields not covered by other course offerings. Weekly meetings for discussions and reports. H onors W ork Seminars 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 are normally offered every semester, seminar 3 in the first semester and seminar 7 in the second semester. Seminars 1 and 2 are required of all students taking four seminars in Economics; both, if possible, should be taken during the junior year. 1. FINANCE. Offered in 1947-48 by Mr. Pierson. T he subject matter includes the material covered in courses 4 and part of 6 above. T he method consists of systematic seminar discussions on the basis of assigned readings, oral reports and written papers. 78 2. ECONOMIC THEORY. Offered in 1947-48 in first semester by Mr. Musgrave, in second semester by Mr. Bowman. ' T he subject matter includes the material covered in courses 5 and 6 above. Directed reading and discussion, supplemented by reports on the theoretical problems raised by factual studies. 3. ECONOMICS OF BUSINESS. Offered in 194748 in second semester by Mr. Dobrovolsky. A study of the economic significance of corporate financial management. Par­ ticular attention will be paid to the problem of internal financing as contrasted with absorption of outside capital funds. T he organization and functioning of various financial markets (security markets, banks, etc.) will be briefly. Method as in seminar 1 and 2. 4. PUBLIC CONTROL OF BUSINESS. Offered in 1947-48 in first semester by Mr. Smith. The subject matter includes the material covered in course 8 above. Independent reading under guidance in an extensive bibliography, weekly outline reports. 5. SOCIAL ECONOMICS. Offered in 1947-48 in second semester by Mr. Smith. T he subject matter includes the material covered in courses 9 and 10 above. Method as in seminar 4. 6. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS. Offered in 194748 in first semester by Mr. Malin. The subject matter includes the material covered in course 11 above. Method as in seminars 1 and 2. 7. PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION. Offered in 1947-48 in second semester by Mr. Malin. The subject matter includes the material covered in course 12 above. Method as in seminars 1 and 2. T hesis A thesis may be substituted for a course or for the examination on the subject matter covered in a seminar, under exceptional circumstances, by special arrangement. 79 Engineering P rofessors : S c o t t B. L il l y , Chairman. H ow ard M . J e n k in s . Sa m u e l T . C a r p e n t e r . A ssociate P rofessors : J o h n D. M c C r u m m . W il l ia m E . R easer . * A ndrew S im p s o n . A ssistant P rofessors : G. J ustus G a r r a h a n . R ola n d L . H u m m e l . C h a r les A . L ister . M a rk B. M o o r e . I nstructors : D avid N e w t o n F o n e r . H . E dm u n d P e e l l e , J r . B ernard M o r r il l . R esea rch C o n su l t a n t : C a p t . W endell P . R oop R esea rch A ssocia te : N orris G . B arr . Recent developments in the fields of engineering, brought about by the coordinated efforts of great numbers of engineers and scientists, focus atten­ tion upon the necessity of learning the fundamentals of science and of the importance of cooperative endeavor. The engineer must be so disciplined that he is not only technically proficient, but has a broad cultural background which will enable him to accept his position as a professional man. The En­ gineering staff is keenly aware of the advances in engineering made possible by new knowledge and new instruments, and feels a deep responsibility to educate student engineers to recognize, analyze and solve the problems with which they will be faced after graduation. The courses required of all students in Engineering for the first two years conform, insofar as possible, with the general curriculum adopted' by the college for the freshman and sophomore year. Engineering students are re­ quired to take Drawing and Surveying in their freshman year. These courses replace foreign language in the general curriculum, but engineers may take courses in foreign languages by- substituting them for electives in the Division of the Humanities. There are three departments of Engineering—Civil, Electrical and Mechan­ ical. These departments offer a series of courses consisting of: (1) introductory courses which all freshman and sophomore engineers must take; (2) courses * Absent on leave. 80 in Engineering throughout the junior and senior years as outlined in the curriculum and discussed on pages 83-88. Engineering students successfully completing this program qualify for the degree of Bachelor of Science with a major in Civil, Electrical or Mechanical Engineering. Each curriculum provides that the student of Engineering will take about one-fifth of his work in the Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, one-fourth of his work in the Departments of Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics, and the remainder of his work in the three Departments of Engineer­ ing. The requirements for Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering do not differ until the fifth semester. All students devote their last two years: (1) to certain basic courses required of all engineers; (2) to fulfilling the major requirements of one of the departments of Engineering; (3) to developing their special interests. It is possible for students in any of the three depart­ ments whose interests lie in the field of administration, physics, mathematics or chemistry, to elect courses having a more direct bearing on these subjects. At the end of the sophomore year an examination is given to each student of engineering to support his application for his major in Engineering.* An engineering student may enter the Honors program at the beginning of the fifth semester. When the sections in Engineering are small, the methods of the seminar are followed in all upper classes. Therefore men who elect to take Honors examinations and those who do not may be in the same classes and are subject to the same disciplines. O u t l in e of the C u rricu la C iv il , E lec tr ic a l , and in t h e D epartm ents of M e c h a n ic a l E n g in eer in g First Semester T h ird Semester English Literature Physics 1A Mathematics 1 GE1 Drawing CE1 Surveying Social Science Elective Chemistry 1A Mathematics 11 CE3 Statics GE4 Materials Non-technical Elective Second Semester Fourth Semester English Composition Chemistry IB Physics IB Mathematics 12 Mathematics 2 CE4 Dynamics GE2 Descriptive Geometry CE2 Surveying EE1 Electric and Magnetic Circuits Social Science Elective Non-technical Elective * This is to be a requirement for the class graduating in 1951, eL seq. 81 Civil Engineering F ifth Semester Seventh Semester ME1 Thermodynamics EE2 D.C. Apparatus CE5 Mechanics of Materials and Lab. EE6 Analysis of Physcial Problems •Arts Elective (5 th course) CE7 Structural Design CE9 Soil Mechanics CE 10 Sanitary Engineering Engineering Elective •Free Elective (5th course) S ixth Semester E ighth Semester ME2 Fluid Mechanics EE3 A.C. Apparatus and Circuits CE6 Structural Theory GE5 Industrial Management, or Analysis of Physical Problems •Arts Elective (5 th course) CE8 Advanced Structural Theory CE 11 Reinforced Concrete e e 7CE12 Transportation GE7 Engineering Economy •Free Elective (5th course) Electrical Engineering F ifth Semester Seventh Semester MEI Thermodynamics EE2 D.C. Apparatus CE5 Mechanics of Materials and Lab. EE6 Analysis of Physical Problems •Arts Elective (5th course) EE8 A.C. Machinery EE 10 Electron Tubes and Circuits ME3 Heat Power Science Elective •Free Elective (5th course) S ixth Semester E ighth Semester ME2 Fluid Mechanics EE4 A.C. Circuit Theory EE5 Electronics EE7 Analysis of Physical Problems •Arts Elective (5th course) EE9 A.C. Machinery EE 11 Electrical Networks EE12 Radiation Science Elective •Free Elective (5th course) Mechanical Engineering F ifth Semester Seventh Semester MEI Thermodynamics EE2 D.C. Apparatus CE5 Mechanics of Materials and Lab. EE6 Analysis of Physical Problems •Arts Elective (5th course) ME3 Heat Power ME5 Internal Combustion Engines ME6 Physical Metallurgy ME7 Machine Design •Free Elective (5th course) S ixth Semester E ighth Semester ME2 Fluid Mechanics EE3 A.C. Apparatus and Circuits CE6 Structural Theory GE5 Industrial Management •Arts Elective (5th course) ME4 Heat Power ME9 Refrigeration and Air Condition­ ing ME8 Machine Design GE7 Engineering Economy •Free Elective (5th course) • Urged but not required 1947-48, 1948-49. 82 G eneral C ourses GE1 DRAWING. Mr. Reaser, Mr. Morrill. Orthographic projection and modem drafting practice. Sketching with em­ phasis on accurate visualization. Required course for freshman engineers. Open to all students. GE2 DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY. Mr. Reaser, Mr. Morrill. A continuation of the principles of orthographic drawing as applied to problems of location and description of bodies in space. This course is concerned with the solutions of problems that arise in connection with the determination of distances, angles, and intersections. Emphasis is placed upon the application to practical engineering problems. Required for freshman engineers; open to all students. GE3 SHOP This course is designed to develop a conception of the normal function and varied uses of the metal and woodworking machines found in any typical shop. (GE3 not offered in 1947-48.) GE4 MATERIALS. Mr. Foner. A study of the elementary metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous materials. T he physical behavior of the various engineering materials is studied in the laboratory as affected by state of stress, temperature, and heat treatment. GE5 and GE6 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT. Mr. Reaser. A survey study of the organization and management of industrial activities, including historical background, organization, physical plant, standardization, job analysis, methods of wage payment, personnel and control. Open to all students. GE7 ENGINEERING ECONOMY. Mr. Lilly. A study of the methods of determining the relative economy of engineering alternatives; compound interest and the calculation of annual cost, present worth and prospective rates of return. A method of analysis which the engineer uses when he investigates a proposed course of action to decide whether it will prove to be economical in the long run. Open to all students. Civil Engineering Department Sa m u e l T. C a r pe n t e r , Chairman, S c o t t B. L il l y , R ola nd L . H u m m e l , D. N . F o n e r , N orris B arr , Research Assoc. CE1 SURVEYING. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Hummel. Surveying instruments and their adjustment; practice in taping, leveling, running traverses. Required course for freshman engineers. Open to all students who have had trigonometry in high school or college. CE2 SURVEYING. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Hummel. Taking topography, stadia work, preparation of profiles and maps from field notes. Prerequisite, CE1 Surveying. 83 CE3 STATICS. Mr. Lilly, Mr. Hummel. Concept and definition of force, scalar, and vector quantities; combination and resolution of forces, parallelogram law, and triangle law; principle of moment and couples, including forces in space; graphical and analytical condition for equilibrium, force polygon, and string polygon; equilibrium of forces as applied to simple structures and machines, free body sketches, stress diagrams, method of sections, loaded cables; conditions of equilibrium for various force systems; coplanor and noncoplanor; centroids of areas, volumes, and masses; area and volume theorems. Open to students who have taken Mathematics 1 and 2 and Physics 1. CE4 DYNAMICS. Mr. Lilly, Mr. Foner, Mr. Barr. Principles of dynamics, motion of a particle, Newton’s laws, general equation of motion, rectilinear motion, displacement, velocity, speed, and acceleration, motion of a particle acted upon by a constant force, force proportional to dis­ placement, simple harmonic motion, free and forced vibration, resonance, critical speed; inertia forces, work and energy, and relation between work and energy; momentum and impulse; curvilinear motion, velocity, tangential and normal acceleration, moment of inertia of masses; rotation, angular displace­ ment, velocity and acceleration, centripetal acceleration, and centrifugal forces; kinetic energy of rotation, torque, and power; balancing of rotating bodies; relative motion, angular momentum and gyroscopic motion; combined trans­ lation and rotation. Prerequisite, CE3 Statics. CE5 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND LABORATORY. Mr. Carpenter, Mr. Foner, Mr. Hummel. This course deals with the internal stresses and changes of form which always occur when forces act upon solid bodies. T he mechanics involved in the design of simple engineering structures is presented so that the student may realize the problems which must be solved in order to secure the required strength and stiffness in such structures. T he laboratory work of this course is planned to clarify the theoretical considerations of beams, columns, combined stress, torsion and methods of strain measurement. Prerequisite, CE4 Dynamics. CE6 STRUCTURAL THEORY. Mr. Carpenter. Analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures. A study of stresses in truss and rigid frame systems. Prerequisite, CE5 Mechanics of Materials. CE7 STRUCTURAL DESIGN. Mr. Carpenter. Design of structural members and connections for steel and timber structures. Prerequisite, CE6 Structural Theory. CE8 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL THEORY. Mr. Carpenter. A study of complex structural systems and advanced mechanics of materials. Photoelasticity and the study of structural models. Prerequisite, CE6 Structural Theory. CE9 SOIL MECHANICS. Mr. Carpenter. T he theory and practice of soil mechanics as applied to foundations, highways and airports. Prerequisite, CE5 Mechanics of Materials. 84 CE10 SANITARY ENGINEERING. Mr. Lilly. This course deals with the important activities of the sanitary engineer, includ­ ing the development and purification of water supplies; sewerage and sewage disposal. Prerequisite, ME2 Fluid Mechanics. CE11 REINFORCED CONCRETE. Mr. Hummel. T he analysis and design of concrete structure, including concrete building frames, concrete bridges and retaining walls. Prerequisite, CE6 Structural Theory. CE12 TRANSPORTATION. Mr. Lilly. This course deals with the location, design and construction of highways and railroads, and the problems of engineering economy involved in the design and operation of these structures. CE19 THESIS. Staff. H ow ard Electrical Engineering Department M. J en k in s , Chairman, J o h n D. M cC r u m m , C. G a rr a h a n , C h a rles A. L ister . J ustus EE1 ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC CIRCUITS. Staff. T he experimental bases of electricity and magnetism; elementary electrostatics and magnetostatics; direct-current circuits—voltage, current power, energyinduced electromotive forces; capacitance and inductance; elementary theory of alternating currents; elementary problems in ferro-magnetism. Prerequisite, Physics IB, and to be accompanied by Mathematics 12. EE2 DIRECT-CURRENT APPARATUS. Mr. Lister. Principles of design and construction of direct-current generators and motors; theory concerning torque, flux, speed, voltage and speed regulation, commuta­ tion, and armature reaction of shunt and compound machines; parallel opera­ tion, and mechanical coupling of electrical machinery; theory and practice of direct-current control equipment for generators and motors. Prerequisite, EE1 Electric and Magnetic Circuits. EE3 ALTERNATING-CURRENT APPARATUS AND CIRCUITS. Mr. Jenkins. Relations of simple harmonic electromotive forces and currents, phase differ­ ences; active, reactive and apparent power, power factor, resistance, inductance and capacitance; series, parallel, series parallel and resonant circuits; polyphase circuits, balanced and unbalanced. The construction, characteristics and opera­ tion of alternators, induction motors, transformers, synchronous motors, syn­ chronous converters, mercury arc rectifiers and their regulating and control devices. Prerequisite, EE2 Direct-Current Apparatus. EE4 ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUIT THEORY. Mr. Garrahan, Mr. Lister, Mr. McCrumm.. Instantaneous current and power; effective current and voltage; .single phase circuit analysis; the use of complex impedance; non-sinusoidal waves; coupled circuits; balanced polyphase circuits, unbalanced polyphase circuits and sym­ metrical components; transients. 85 EE5 ELECTRONICS. Mr. Garrahan. Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields; thermionic cathodes; the high vacuum diode; electrical discharges in gases; rectifiers and thyratrons; power supplies and filters; the triode; the multi-electrode tube; voltage and power amplifiers. EE6 ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL PROBLEMS. Mr. M cCrum m an d M r. Lister. A study of the application of physical laws and selected branches of mathematics to the analysis and solution of physical problems. T he selected branches of mathematics include: ordinary differential equations; determinants; graphical solutions; hyperbolic functions; infinite series. Prerequisite, Mathematics 12. EE7 ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL PROBLEMS. Mr. McCrumm. Further study of physical problems employing the following branches of mathematics: Gamma and Bessel functions; elliptic integrals; Fourier series; partial differential equations; operational calculus; vector analysis; dimensional analysis; conformal mapping. Prerequisite, EE6 Analysis of Physical Problems. EE8 ALTERNATING CURRENT MACHINERY. Mr. Lister. T he transformer; equivalent circuits; determination of regulation and efficiency; parallel operation; polyphase transformers; autotransformers. Synchronous machines; alternators; determination of regulation; the two reaction theory of synchronous generators. Prerequisite, EE4 Alternating-Current Circuit Theory. EE9 ALTERNATING CURR-ENT MACHINERY. Mr. McCrumm. Synchronous motors; the two reaction theory of salient-pole synchronous motors; efficiency. Parallel operation of alternators. Polyphase induction motors; single phase induction motors; induction generators. Commutator alternating cur­ rent motors. Mercury arc rectifiers and inverters. Prerequisite, EE8 Alternating Current Machinery. EE 10 ELECTRON TUBES AND CIRCUITS. Mr. Garrahan. Methods of analysis of electron tubes and circuits; analysis and design of voltage and current amplifiers; power amplifiers; modulation and detection; oscillators; trigger circuits and pulse generators; cathode ray tubes and circuits; receivers and transmitters. Prerequisites, EE4 Alternating-Current Circuit Theory, EE5 Electronics, and EE7 Analysis of Physical Problems, or equivalent. EE 11 ELECTRICAL NETWORKS. Mr. Garrahan. Characteristics of four terminal networks; artificial lines; transmission lines with distributed parameters; lump loaded lines; conventional filter theory; impedance transformation; the transient behavior of filters; simulative and corrective networks; the transient behavior of long transmission lines. 86 EE12 R A D IA T IO N . M r. G arrahan. Stationary electric and magnetic fields; oscillating systems; Maxwell’s hypothesis; plane waves; propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves; antennas; guided electromagnetic waves; characteristics of wave guides and high frequency transmission lines; resonant cavities. Prerequisites, EE7 Analysis of Physical Problems, and EE10 Electron Tubes and Circuits, or equivalent. EE13 ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES. Staff. An experimental study of ultra-high frequency phenomena. T he topics investi­ gated include: ultra-high frequency generators; pulse sharpening circuits; trans­ mission lines; directional antennas; hollow wave guides. This course is offered as an elective to students whose interests lie in this field. EE14 TRANSIENT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS. Staff. A theoretical and experimental study of the transient response of physical sys­ tems. Theoretical deductions will be verified experimentally in the laboratory. This course is offered as an elective to students having a particular interest | in oscillography. Prerequisites, EE4 Alternating-Current Circuit Theory, and EE6 Analysis of Physical Problems. EE 15 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS. Staff. A study of the precise measurement of electrical quantities. Emphasis will be placed on the experimental techniques required when high precision is desired. Offered to science students as an elective. EE 19 THESIS. Staff. An engineering thesis may be substituted for a course or for the examination on the subject matter covered in a seminar, by special arrangement with the staff. Mechanical Engineering Department W il l ia m E . R easer , Chairman, M ark B. M oo re , B ernard M o r r il l , H. E dm un d P e e l l e , J r . ME1 THERMODYNAMICS. Mr. Moore, Mr. Reaser. Energy concepts and units; fundamental principles involved in the conversions of energy; properties of gases, vapors and mixtures; conservation of energy and thermal processes, steady flow and non-flow; analysis of gas and vapor cycles; classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises. Prerequisites, Mathematics 12 and Physics 1. ME2 FLUID MECHANICS. Mr. Morrill. Properties of fluids; statics of fluids; flotation; accelerated liquids in relative equilibrium; dynamics of fluids; impulse and momentum in fluids; dynamic lift and propulsion; the flow of viscous fluids; flow of fluids in pipes; flow with a free surface; flow through orifices and tubes; the resistance of immersed viscous fluids; dynamic similarity and dimensional analysis. Prerequisites, Mathematics 12 and Physics 1. . 87 ME3 H E A T P O W E R . M r. Reaser, M r. Moore. T he conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy in -the various heat engines. Application of the principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to the analysis and testing of prime movers. Steam and gas turbines, recipro­ cating steam and internal combustion engines. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises. Prerequisite, ME1 Thermodynamics, and ME2 Fuid Mechanics. ME4 HEAT POWER. Mr. Peelle. A continuation of ME3 with special emphasis on selection of power plant equip­ ment, economic analysis, and the design of heat power equipment to perform specified functions. Heat transmission. Classroom work supplemented by labo­ ratory exercises. Prerequisite, ME3 Heat Power. ME5 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. Mr. Peelle. * Application of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and mechanics to the design of internal combustion engines and gas turbines; combustion of actual mixtures; analysis of theoretical and actual cycles; carburetion and fuel injection; mixture distribution; detonation; ignition; supercharging. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises. Prerequisite, ME1 Thermodynamics. ME6 PHYSICAL METALLURGY. Mr. Moore. T he crystalline structure of metals and alloys; binary alloy systems; the ironcarbon equilibrium diagram. Heat treatment theory and practice. Study of the physical characteristics of the newer structural alloys. Corrosion, fatigue, and creep. Techniques of microscopic examination and photomicrography. Class­ room work supplemented by laboratory exercises. Prerequisite, GE4 Materials, or Introduction to Physical Chemistry 3. ME7 MACHINE DESIGN. Mr. Morrill. Design of machine elements such as shafts, pulleys, gears, belts, chains, clutches, springs and fastenings; bearings, lubrication and friction; kinematics and mechanisms. Prerequisite, CE5 Mechanics of Materials. ME8 MACHINE DESIGN. Mr. Morrill. Application of the principles of analytical mechanics and mechanics of ma­ terials to the design of machines of a complex character. Emphasis is placed on dynamic loading, inertia effects, vibration, balancing and lubrication. Prerequisites, ME5 Internal Combustion Engines, and ME7 Machine Design. ME9 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING. Mr. Peelle. A comprehensive study of refrigerants, cycles and performance of refrigerating equipment; principles of air-vapor mixtures; humidification, dehumidification, and distribution of air; analysis of heating and cooling systems and apparatus. Principles of design and practical procedure are introduced where applicable. Classroom work supplemented by laboratory exercises. Prerequisite, ME1 Thermodynamics. ME19 THESIS. Staff. 88 English P rofessors : P h il ip M a rsh a ll H icks , Chairman. E v er ett L . H u n t . A ssociate P rofessors : * T ow nsend Scudder , 3 rd . E l iza b et h C o x W r ig h t . A ssistant P rofessors : G eorge J . B ec k er . B ruce D ea r in g . F redric S. K lees . St e p h e n E . W h ic h e r . I n stru cto r : R obert C . A ck art . 1. M O D ERN L IT E R A T U R E : Introduction to English Studies. Mr. Ackart, M r. Becker, M r. Deering, Mr. Hicks, Mr. Klees, M r. W hicher, Mrs. W right. Half course. This course is open only to entering freshmen, being the first course in the new curriculum. Half course- 2. CH A U CER. Mr. Klees. 3. SHAKESPEARE. Mr. Becker an d Mr. Dearing. For senior majors in English only. Full course. 4. M IL T O N AND T H E SE V E N T E E N T H C E N T U R Y . M r. H u n t an d Mrs. W right. Half course. Shakespeare and either Chaucer or Milton are required of English majors, and one of them must be taken before a candidate applies to be an English major at the end of the sophomore year. 5. E N G L ISH PO E T R Y . Mrs. W right. Full course. 6A. T H E C H R O N IC L E N O VEL. M r. Hicks. Half course. 6B. T H E D R A M A T IC N O VEL. Mr. Hicks. Half course. 7A. COMEDY. M r. Klees. Half course. 7B. TRA G EDY . Mr. Klees. Half course. • Absent on leave. 89 8A. SOCIAL C R IT IC ISM . M r. Becker. H a lf course. 8B. B IO G R A PH Y A N D T R A V EL. M r. Klees. H a lf course. 9. S A T IR E . M r. D earing. F ull course. 10. L IT E R A R Y C R IT IC ISM . M r. H u n t. H a lf course. H i A M ERICA N L IT E R A T U R E . Mr. W hicher. F ull course. 12. REALISM . M r. Becker. H a lf course. 13. E N G L ISH C O M P O SIT IO N . M r. Ackart. H a lf course. 14. A R G U M E N T . M r. Becker. H a lf course. 15. E L IZ A B E T H A N L IT E R A T U R E . M r. Klees. H a lf course. 16. SHAKESPEARE. M r. Klees. Study of the major plays for non-English majors. H a lf course. C O N FER EN C E F O R SE N IO R E N G L ISH W hicher an d Mrs. W right. M AJORS. Mr. Becker, Mr. H a lf course. G RE E K L IT E R A T U R E IN E N G L ISH (Greek 9). M r. Shero H a lf course. L A T IN L IT E R A T U R E IN E N G L ISH (L atin 9). M r. Shero. H a lf course. W riting and Speaking. Students in need of special train in g in Com position or Speech w ill be required to take tu to rial w ork or to com plete course 13 before adm ittance to the ju n io r class. S tudent organizations a n d inform al groups for practice in creative writing, acting, dram a, extem pore speaking, and debating m eet w ith members of the English faculty. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M ajors and M inors in C ourse M ajor: T h e w ork of the m ajo r in general courses norm ally consists of at least four full courses, including M odern L ite ra tu re in the first year, either C haucer o r M ilton in the second year, an d d u rin g the last two years Shake­ speare, a course in one of the types an d the senior conference. T h e com pre­ hensive exam ination a t the close of the senior year is based on this work, b u t also includes questions on the o th e r courses offered by the d ep artm en t for those prep ared in these fields. M ajors in the d ep artm en t are expected to have taken a semester’s w ork in foreign literatu re an d a semester’s w ork in either F ine Arts o r Music during the first two years. 90 M inor: T h e work of the m inor in general courses norm ally consists of tnree full courses elected u p o n the recom m endation of the m ajor departm ent, in ­ cluding M odem L iterature. D epartm ental Language R equirem ents: T h e foreign language requirem ent may be fulfilled by a read in g knowledge of one o r m ore of the following: French, G erm an, Spanish, L atin o r Greek. Students p la n n in g to continue English studies in graduate school are advised to acquire a reading know ledge of L atin, French, an d G erm an. H onors W ork Prerequisites. F or admission to H onors work w ith a m ajo r in English, the requirem ents are In tro d u ctio n to E nglish Studies, an d eith er Chaucer or M ilton an d the Seventeenth Century. Students are advised to take also T h e H istory of E ngland. F or adm ission w ith a m inor in English, the req u irem en t is one year in English, including M odern L iterature. Seminars. T h e following seminars prepare for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: Group I CH A U CER. M r. Scudder and M r. Klees. A study of Chaucer’s poetry and age. SHAKESPEARE. Mr. Hicks a n d M r. W hicher. A study of Shakespeare’s principal plays, with a rapid reading of the rest of his work. M IL T O N AND T H E SE V E N T E E N T H C E N T U R Y . M r. H u n t. Donne, Milton, and the poetry of the Bible. Group I I PO E T R Y . Mrs. W right. DRAMA. Mr. Hicks. Representative plays from different periods; the comic and tragic spirits. NOVEL. Mrs. W right. The novel as a literary form; Fielding, Meredith, Hardy, and Conrad; selected contemporary novelists. 91 L IT E R A R Y C R IT IC ISM . M r. H u n t. English literary criticism from Sidney to Pater, with some study of classical backgrounds and contemporary developments. G roup I I I SOCIAL C R IT IC ISM . M r. Becker. Social theory in American and English literature. S A T IR E . M r. D earing. Masterpieces of satirical literature from Cervantes to the present day. A M ERICA N L IT E R A T U R E . M r. W hicher. A study of major writers in this field. C O M PA R A T IV E L IT E R A T U R E . M r. Becker. T he great modem writers since Flaubert and Tolstoy. PRO BLEM S O F L IT E R A R Y STUDY. Mrs. W right. T he methods of literary research and criticism as applied to the study of a single problem, usually the work of a major author, resulting in a thesis. L IN G U IS T IC SCIENCE. M r. R euning. Admitted as a seminar in English for majors who concentrate on English or American language problems; may also be considered as a minor for students majoring in English. T hesis Students who wish to write theses not properly within the scope of the seminar on Problems of Literary Study may apply to the Chairman of the Department for permission to substitute such projects for the fourth seminar of major work. C andidates for H onors w ith a m ajor in E nglish m ust take a t least one sem inar from the first group an d at least one from the second. Shakespeare shall be chosen from the first group if n o t previously elected in course. Four seminars are required for a m ajor in English. C andidates for H onors w ith a m inor in English may enroll in any two o r three of the above seminars u p o n the recom m endation of th eir m ajor de­ partm ent. 92 Fine Arts A ssociate P rofessor: R obert M . W alker, C h a irm a n . I nstructors: J ohn H . B. K nowlton (part-time). E thel Stilz (part-time). 1. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O A R T H IST O R Y . M r. W alker. F ull course. An introduction to the work of art, the artist, and his time. A preliminary investigation of basic principles of design and expression in architecture, sculp­ ture, and painting based on the study of originals and reproductions, and fol­ lowed by an introduction to some fundamental problems of art history and criticism through an analysis of selected examples from certain significant periods in Ancient, European, and American civilizations. T he full course is a prerequisite for a Major or Minor in Fine Arts, but is specially designed for those students who can only take the first semester. 2. A R T O F A N C IE N T CIV ILIZA TIO N S. M r. W alker. H a lf course. A consideration of certain aspects of the art of ancient civilizations of the Near East, Greece, and Italy, in view of their significance for the cultural heritage of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Modem World. 3. A R T O F T H E M ID D LE AGES. M r. K now lton H a lf course. Study of a civilization through its expression in architecture, sculpture, paint­ ing, and industrial arts. T he art of the cathedral: its origins and development. 4. A R T O F T H E IT A L IA N RENAISSANCE. M r. W alker. H a lf course. A study of the points of view of the XV and XVI centuries in Italy as expressed in architecture, sculpture, painting, and the graphic arts. Emphasis is placed on the work of such great masters as Donatello, Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. 5. RENAISSANCE P A IN T IN G O F N O R T H E R N EU R O PE . Mr. W alker H a lf course. A study of stylistic developments in the painting of the XV, XVI, and XVII centuries with special reference to the cultural background. Emphasis is placed on such great masters as Jan van Eyck, Duerer, Holbein, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasquez, and El Greco. 6. O R IG IN S O F M O D E R N P A IN T IN G . M r. K now lton. H a lf course. Certain major movements and directions in European painting of the XIX and XX centuries, with special reference to stylistic developments in France and their significance for American art. 7. T H E O R Y O F D ESIG N. Miss Stilz. H a lf course. T he principles of design and color and their application to the planning and furnishing of the interior of the house. 93 Prerequisites T h e prerequisite for a M ajor o r M inor in F ine A rts is the full course Fine Arts 1. All other students m ust take the first semester of F ine A rts 1, or satisfy th e D epartm ent th a t they have already m et this requirem ent. H onors W prk Prerequisite: F ine A rts 1. Seminars. T h e following seminars prepare for exam ination for a degree w ith H onors: 1. IT A L IA N P A IN T IN G : F O U R T E E N T H T H R O U G H S E V E N T E E N T H C E N T U R Y . Mr. W alker. Analysis of the work of a selected group of outstanding masters as a means of studying more intensively certain fundamental problems of art history and criticism. 2. O R IG IN S O F C O N T E M PO R A R Y P A IN T IN G . M r. W alker. Investigation of certain major movements and trends in European painting of the XVIII, XIX, and XX centuries with special emphasis on stylistic develop­ ments in France and their significance for American painting. 3. RENAISSANCE P A IN T IN G O F N O R T H E R N E U R O PE . M r. W alker. A study of paintings and graphic work of the great masters of the XVI, XVII, and XVIII centuries in Europe outside of Italy: Duerer, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasquez. 4. M A ST E R P R IN T MAKERS. M r. W alker. Consideration of certain problems in the history of the book and the print. A study of the significance of Duerer, Rembrandt, Goya, and Daumier for the development of expression in the graphic media of woodcut, engraving, etch­ ing, lithography. Special attention is given to the study of originals. Seminars are p lan n ed w ith reference to the choice of the students an d the convenience of the D epartm ent. A t the discretion of th e D ep artm en t a student may elect a course for H onors credit. In this case ad ditional study, special reports, an d conferences w ith the instructor are required. M a jo r in F in e A rts By special arrangem ent qualified students may m ajo r in F ine Arts. A p ro ­ gram is designed w ith the cooperation of one of the neighboring institutions offering courses for w hich credit is given by the College. T h o u g h this work is usually carried on w hile the student is in residence at Swarthmore, a year’* residence at another institution may be allowed. 94 German Language and Literature P ro fessor : W a lter S ilz , Chairman. A ssistant P rofessors : L ydia B a er . K a r l R eu n in g . I n stru cto r : P r iscilla K . Sil z . 1. E L E M E N T A R Y G ERM A N . Members of the D epartm ent. For students who begin German in college. F ull course. 2A. REA D IN G , GRA M M A R, AND C O M P O SIT IO N . M embers of the De­ partm ent. H a lf course. Reading of German prose and poetry. Review of grammar, practice in written and oral German. Prerequisite, German 1 or equivalent. 2B. REA D IN G , G RAM M AR, AND C O M PO SIT IO N , continued. Members of the D epartm ent. H a lf course. Prerequisite, German 2A or equivalent. 2Bs. G ERM A N F O R SCIENCE STU D EN TS. M r. R euning. H a lf course. Special training in reading German scientific prose. Edited science selections followed by unedited material taken from the various scientific fields of the members of the class. Prerequisite, German 2A or equivalent. B. IN T R O D U C T O R Y STU D IES IN G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E . M r. Silz. H a lf course. A study of representative German authors from the classical period to the present: reading and discussion of dramas, stories, and lyric poems. Writing of critical reports. Prerequisite, Course 2 or equivalent. 3. (special). W R IT IN G A N D SPEA KIN G G ERM A N . M r. Silz an d Mr. R euning. H a lf course. Composition and conversation. Introduction to Volkskunde: the social and cultural backgrounds of modem Germany. Prerequisite, Course 2 or equivalent. 4. G R E A T PER IO D S IN G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E . F ull course. 5. T H E R O M A N T IC M O V E M E N T IN G ERM ANY H a lf course. 6. G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E IN T H E SECOND H A LF O F T H E 19th CENTURY. H a lf course. 95 7. G O E T H E ’S L IF E AND W ORKS. Mr. Silz. F ull course. 8. S C H IL L E R AND H IS AGE. M r. Silz. H a lf course. 9. E IG H T E E N T H C E N T U R Y G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E AND THOUGHT. H a lf course. 10 G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E IN T H E 20th C E N T U R Y . Miss Baer. H a lf course. 11. G ERM A N A U T H O R S IN E N G L ISH T R A N SL A T IO N S. F ull course. 12. W R IT IN G AND SPEAKING G ERM A N . (Advanced course.) H a lf course. Intensive practice in writing and speaking German. T he subject matter is taken from German literature and Kulturgeschichte. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M ajors and M inors Prerequisites for students reading for H onors are given below. M ajor an d m inor students in course are required to take G erm an 3 w ith in the first two years. R ecom m ended for m ajor a n d m inor students d u rin g the first two years: A n advanced course in G erm an literature; Shakespeare; M odem Philosophy; Psychology; F ine Arts; courses in other literatures. By special arrangem ent, qualified students who begin G erm an in college are enabled to choose G erm an as a m ajor o r m inor in course in th eir ju n io r an d senior years. H onors W ork G erm an may be offered as a m ajor o r m in o r subject in the Division of the H um anities. For admission to H onors w ork in G erm an, Course 3 o r its equivalent is required. By doing special reading, com petent students who begin G erm an in college may take Course 3 in th eir sophom ore year. N o other prep aratio n is required, b u t allied w ork in o th e r departm ents of the H um anities is arranged, according to the needs an d interests of the student. T h e follow ing seminars are offered to p rep are for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors (those actually given in any year varying according to the choices of the students an d th e convenience of the departm ent): 1. M ID D L E H IG H G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E A N D PH ILO LO G Y . Mr. R euning. Introduction into Indo-European and Germanic philology and phonetics. Out­ line of development of the German language. Middle High German grammar. Brief survey of Old and Middle High German literature. Reading of MHG texts in the original, especially Nibelungenlied, Wolfram’s Parzival, and Walther von der Vogelweide. 96 T r o tte r H a ll (a C lassroom B u ild in g ). Faculty C o m m en cem en t Procession. 2. T H E AGE O F L U T H E R . M r. R euning. Study of literary, historical, sociological and religious problems of the sixteenth century. Reading of outstanding authors of the period, such as Luther, Hans Sachs, Brant, Hutten, Fischart. A course or a seminar in History of the Reforma­ tion is recommended as preparation for this seminar. 3. BA RO Q U E L IT E R A T U R E . Miss Baer. A study of German literature in the seventeenth century: the reforms of Opitz, the poetry of Weckherlin, Fleming, and the Volkslied, the mysticism of Angelus Silesius and Jakob Bdhme, the influence of the English Players on the German theatre, and the plays of Gryphius and the second Silesian School. 4. G O E T H E . M r. Silz. A study of the chief phases of Goethe’s life and work in the classical age of German literature. 5. T H E R O M A N T IC M O V EM EN T. M r. Silz. Romanticism as the dominant movement in German literature of the first half of the nineteenth century. 6. P O E T IC REALISM . M r. Silz. Studies in the works of Grillparzer, Hebbel, Ludwig, Keller, Meyer, and Storm, and other writers of the drama, novel, and “Novelle” in the second half of the nineteenth century. 7. G ERM A N L IT E R A T U R E SINCE 1900. Miss Baer. Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Rainer Maria Rilke, Hugo von Hofmanns­ thal. 8. L IN G U IS T IC SCIENCE. (In cooperation w ith o th er departm ents in the Division of the H um anities). M r. R euning. T he most important problems of Linguistics, e.g., sound change, changes in accidence and syntax, semantic changes, geographical distribution and relation of languages. Indo-European, English and American language problems. Rela­ tionship between linguistics and psychology. Some knowledge of German, French, Latin, or Greek is desirable, reading knowledge of at least one foreign language required. Students tvho know non-Indo-European languages are espe­ cially welcome. T he seminar is conducted in English. (See also schedules of Honors Seminars in English and Psychology.) T hesis Students w ho wish to w rite a thesis may apply to the D epartm ent for per­ mission to substitute such a project for the fourth sem inar of H onors work. 97 History P rofessors: M ary A lbertson, Chairman. ♦F rederick J. M anning. A ssistant P rofessors: P aul H. B eik . ♦G eorge P . C uttino (part-time). J ames A. F ield, J r. L aurence D. L afore (part-time). F rederick B. T olles (part-time). I nstructor: W illiam L. Spalding, J r. L ecturers: R obert F . B yrnes. P h ilip A. C rowl. N orton D owns, III 1. E U R O PE . F ull course. One of the basic courses in the curriculum. It is intended to be an introduction to the study, understanding, and use of history. All members of the department share in teaching this course, in sections small enough for discussion. It is a prerequisite to all other courses in history except course 15. 2. EN GLA N D . Miss A lbertson. H a lf course. A survey u f the history of the English people. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. 3. T H E U N IT E D STA TES B EFO R E 1865. Mr. Field an d M r. Tolies. H a lf course. An advanced course on American History. Special help with the writing of long papers is given in connection with this course. For sophomores, juniors and seniors. 4. T H E U N IT E D STA TES SINCE 1865. M r. Field. H a lf course. An advanced course on American History. For sophomores, juniors and seniors. J5. T H E O T H E R A M ERICA N REPU BLIC S. M r. Lafore. Half course. T he emphasis is on Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. It may be taken without a prerequisite by special permission of the instructor. 6. FRA NCE. Miss A lbertson. H a lf course. T he history of France from Roman times to the present day. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. I t may be taken without a prerequisite by special permission of the instructor. 7. GERM ANY. M r. Spalding. H a lf course. T he history of modem Germany. For sophomores, juniors and seniors. 8. RUSSIA. M r. Byrnes. H a lf course. T he history of modern Russia. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. 9. A M ERICA N SOCIAL H IST O R Y . M r. Field. H a lf course. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. 10. T H E F R E N C H R E V O L U T IO N A N D N A PO LEO N . Mr. Beik. H a lf course. T he emphasis is on the relation between institutions and ideas. For juniors and seniors. * On leave of absence 1947-1948. -j- Not given every year. 98 111. M EDIEVAL EU R O PE . M r. C uttino. H a lf course. T he history of western Europe from the decline of the Roman Empire through the thirteenth century. For juniors and seniors. j-12. T H E IT A L IA N RENAISSANCE. Miss A lbertson. H a lf course. T he history of the period of the Renaissance. T he emphasis is on the influence of Italy in the rest of Europe. For juniors and seniors. flB . T H E LA BO R M O V EM EN T. Mr. M anning. H a lf course. T he social backgrounds and the economic, political, and legal problems of English and American labor. T he emphasis is on the importance of English precedent. For juniors and seniors. 14. R E C E N T E U R O PE ..M r. Beik. For juniors and seniors. H a lf course. 15. Q UAKERISM . M r. T olies. H a lf course. T he history of the Society of Friends to the present day. T he characteristic religious and social ideas of the Quakers are considered in their historical setting. A large part of the reading is done in the original sources. For sophomores, juniors, and seniors. It may be taken without a prerequisite. 16. SPECIAL TO PIC S. A ll m em bers of the D epartm ent. H a lf course. Individual programs are planned to prepare majors in history for the compre­ hensive examination. T he discussion of review problems, of papers, and of reading is conducted in groups and in individual conferences with the instructor. For courses o n ancient history see the statem ent of the D ep artm en t of Classics. R e q u ir e m e n t s for a M a jo r in H istory Students w ho expect to m ajor in history either in honors o r in regular courses should take Course 1 in the freshm an year an d English history a n d one h alf course in A m erican history in the sophom ore year. F u rth e r recom m enda­ tions for students of history are: a half course in philosophy an d in literatu re (preferably in a foreign language) an d a full course in economics o r in political science, in addition to college requirem ents in these subjects. C ourse W ork T h e choice of courses in history in the ju n io r an d senior years should be m ade in such a way as to prepare for the com prehensive exam inations. T h ey include questions on (1) E uropean history, (2) English history, (3) A m erican history, an d (4) a field chosen in consultation w ith the m ajor advisor. (Greek o r R om an history, L atin A m erican history, o r Russian history is suggested). Course 16 (Special Topics) is designed to help m ajor students in th eir p rep aratio n fo r these exam inations. A ll m ajor students should elect this course. H onors W ork T h e following seminars are offered by the d ep artm en t to p rep are for the exam ination for a degree w ith honors. Students w ho p la n to take honors 99 seminars in history, w hether as m ajors o r m inors, are advised to decide as early as possible w hether th eir seminars will be in American, English, or E uropean history so th a t they can take as m any courses as possible in their chosen fields before beginning honors work. H onors Sem in a rs Am erican H istory 1. A M ERICA N C O L O N IA L H IST O R Y . Mr. Tolies. T he history of the thirteen colonies. T he emphasis is on cultural, social, and institutional history. 2. PRO BLEM S IN A M ERICA N H IST O R Y . M r. Crowl, M r. Field, an d Mr. M anning. Selected topics in the history of the United States. 3. T H E SU PREM E C O U R T . M r. M anning. For seniors. T he emphasis is on common law cases and principles. T he work in this seminar is not designed to anticipate or overlap the courses in consti­ tutional law offered in law schools. English H istory f4. M ED IEV A L EN GLA N D . Miss Albertson. T he period from 1066 to 1485. 5. T U D O R A ND S T U A R T EN GLA N D . Miss Albertson. T he period from 1485 to 1688. 6. M O D E R N EN GLA N D . Miss A lbertson an d M r. Lafore. T he period from 1688 to 1914, with most of the emphasis on the nineteenth century. European H istory -f-7. M ED IEV A L E U R O PE . Mr. C uttino. T he civilization of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 8. F IF T E E N T H AND S IX T E E N T H C E N T U R Y EU R O PE . Miss A lbertson. T he period of the Renaissance and Reformation. 9. E U R O PE 1760 T O 1860. M r. Beik. T he decay of the old regime and the rise of liberalism. 10. E U R O PE 1860 T O 1939: M O D E R N E U R O PE . Mr. Beik. Social and political changes which preceded the second world war. 11. E U R O PE 1860 T O 1939: D IP L O M A T IC H IST O R Y . M r. Lafore. T he management of international affairs and problems. T hesis A thesis may be substituted for one of the honors exam inations by special perm ission of the departm ent. T h e topic should be selected an d approved by the en d o f the ju n io r year. 100 Mathematics and Astronomy P rofessors: A rnold D resden, C h a irm a n . Ross W. M arriott. P eter van de K am p , D ire c to r o f S p r o u l O b serva to ry . A ssociate P rofessors: H einrich B rinkmann . J ohn H. P itman . A ssistant P rofessors: P h ilip W. C arruth, W olfgang W asow. I nstructor: P hyllis K inkead K elley (part-time). R esearch A ssociates: L. B innendyk. H ans R oth . O bserver: R oy W. D elaplaine (part-time). A ssistants: Sarah L. L ippincott . D orothy B. H outman . M athematics 1, 2. F IR S T YEAR M A T H EM A T IC S. M r. C arruth, A irs. Kelley, Mr. M ar­ rio tt, an d Mr. Wasow. F ull course. These courses, given in consecutive semesters, and together constituting a full course, are designed to deal with the material previously covered by the sepa­ rate courses in College Algebra, Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry (Courses 1, 3 and 4 of the 1933 catalogue), and to introduce some of the concepts of the Differential Calculus. Topics belonging to each of these subjects are introduced in natural sequence so as to form a more closely knit whole. Classes in Math. 1 normally meet four times a week; those in Math. 2, three times a week. Knebelman and Thomas, Principles of College Algebra; Curtiss and Moulton, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry; Osgood and Graustein, Plane and Solid Analytic Geometry. 3. IN V IT A T IO N T O M A T H EM A T IC S. M r. D resden. (O m itted in 1947-48) H a lf course. This course is intended for students who have a non-technical interest in mathematics. It does not take the place of the usual college courses, but aims to be an introduction to some of the important concepts of modern mathe­ matics, to emphasize the fundamental ideas of the science rather than its technical processes, to provide a background for the study of its philosophical aspects, and to furnish a basis for an. appreciation of its wider significance. Dresden, Invitation to Mathematics. The class normally meets three times a week; occasionally a fourth hour will be used. Prerequisite, a good high school course in mathematics. 101 5. M A T H E M A T IC S O F IN V E S T M E N T AND INSU RA N CE. Mr. Dresden. (O m itted in 1947-48) H a lf course. T he theory of compound interest; annuities; sinking funds; interest rates; theory of probability; mortality tables. Completion of this course, Courses Nos. 12 and 14, and an introduction to the Theory of Finite Differences should enable the student to proceed with the examinations for admission to the Actuarial Society of America. Prerequisite, a good high school course in algebra. 11, 12. D IF F E R E N T IA L AND IN T E G R A L CALCULUS. M r. B rinkm ann, M r. C arruth, M r. D resden, M r. M arriott, an d M r. Wasow. Full course. These courses carry forward the work begun in Courses 1, 2 and are intended to give the student a sufficient introduction to mathematics to serve as a basis for more advanced work in analysis and its applications. Classes normally meet three times a week; Sherwood and Taylor, The Calculus; Dresden, Introduction to the Calculus. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2. 14. T H E O R Y O F E Q U A T IO N S. M r. D resden. H a lf course. Operations on complex numbers. Solutions of cubic and quartic equations. General properties of polynomials. Separation and calculation of roots of numerical equations. Weisner, Theory of Equations. Together with Course 15 (below), this course supplies a year’s work for students who pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, usually to be taken in the junior year. Classes normally meet three times a week. Prerequisite, Courses*!, 2, 11,12. 15. SOLID A N A LY TIC A L G E O M ETR Y . M r. B rinkm ann. H a lf course. Metric theory of planes, lines and quadric surfaces in Euclidean three-dimen­ sional space, emphasis on the use of determinants and matrices. Dresden, Solid Analytical Geometry and Determinants. Together with Course 14 (above), this course supplies a year’s work for students who pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course; usually to be taken in the junior year. Classes normally meet three times a week. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2,11, 12, 14. 16. ADVANCED CALCULUS. M r. D resden. H a lf course. Total and partial derivatives; theory of infinitesimals; definite integrals; ap­ proximations. T he aim of the course is three-fold: to ground the student in the elementary work which has preceded it; to give an introduction to more advanced topics; and to develop skill in the application of the principles of the Calculus to Geometry and Mechanics. Together with Course 17 (below) this course makes possible a year’s work for students who pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, to be taken in the junior or senior year. Classes normally meet three times a week. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12. 17 D IF F E R E N T IA L E Q U A T IO N S. M r. Wasow. H a lf course. A study of ordinary and partial differential equations, with their applications to geometrical, physical, and mechanical problems. Together with Course 16 (above) this course makes possible a years work for students who pursue mathematics as a major or minor subject in course, to be taken in the junior or senior year. Classes normally meet three times a week. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11» 12, 16. 102 18. S T A T IST IC S AND PRO B A B ILITY . Mr. D resden. (O m itted in 1947-48) An introduction to the mathematical theory of statistics in intimate relation with the theory of probabilities; the elements of sampling theory. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12, 16, 17. 19. P R O JE C T IV E G EO M ETR Y . Mr. B rinkm ann. An introduction to plane projective geometry, principally by analytic methods. T he use of homogeneous coordinates. Prerequisite, Courses 1, 2, 11, 12. S'!- U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E A D IN G CO U RSE IN M A T H EM A T IC S. H a lf course or fu ll course. This course is to provide an opportunity for students to do special work in fields not covered by the undergraduate courses, listed above. T he work consists in the preparation of papers requiring extensive and detailed examination of the literature of a problem. Courses of graduate character are offered from tim e to tim e, in accordance w ith the needs of graduate an d advanced underg rad u ate students. N orm ally advanced undergraduate students will do such w ork in H onors seminars (see below). T h e subjects of these courses are Projective Geometry, T h eo ry of num bers, T heory of functions of a real variable, T h eo ry of functions of a com plex variable. A stronomy 1, 2. D E SC R IPT IV E A STRO N O M Y . M r. van de Kamp. F ull course. These courses, respectively, provide an introduction to the methods and results of Astronomy. T he college entrance requirements are the only prerequisites. Fundamental notions of physics and mathematics are studied, as they are needed to provide an adequate scientific basis for the course. These courses are prerequisite for all further work in astronomy. Three class periods each week, practical work to be arranged. 3. P R A C T IC A L A STR O N O M Y . M r. Pitm an. H a lf course. Theory and use of the transit instruments; determination of time; the latitude of Swarthmore; determination of longitude. Intended for students of Astronomy and Engineering and those desiring to take the civil service examinations for positions in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Classes normally meet three times each week. Prerequisites, Mathematics 1, 2 and Astronomy 1, 2. 4. LA B O R A T O R Y A STRO N O M Y . M r. P itm an. H a lf course. Theory and practice of micrometric measures of double stars, comets and asteroids. Visual and photographic photometry. Photography of selected objects. Since much of this work is dependent upon the weather, the class will adjust its program to conditions. Normally two class sessions and one laboratory period per week. Prerequisites, Mathematics 1, 2 and Astronomy 1, 2. 103 8. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O A STR O N O M Y . M r. P itm an. H a lf course. This course is intended for those who desire to become acquainted with the various problems in astronomy and the overlapping of astronomy and other sciences. Those planning to take additional work in astronomy should enroll in Astronomy 1, 2. Three class periods each week. Practical work as arranged. Text: Baker, Intro­ duction to Astronomy. 9. D O U B L E STARS. M r. van de K am p. H a lf course. T he two body problem. Theory and observational technique of visual, spectro­ scopic and eclipsing binaries. Special attention is given to the photographic study of both resolved and unresolved astrometric binaries. The masses of binary components and of unseen companions. Prerequisite, Astronomy 1, 2. 31. U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E A D IN G CO U RSE IN ASTRON O M Y . H a lf course or fu ll course. Undergraduate students may, under direction, prepare papers upon subjects requiring a rather extensive examination of the literature of a problem. Courses 32 a n d 51 to 55 are half courses, offered from tim e to tim e to m eet th e needs of graduate students a n d of advanced undergraduates. 32. S PH E R IC A L A STRO N O M Y . M r. van de Kam p. 51. O R B IT C O M P U T A T IO N . M r. P itm an. 54. S T A T IS T IC A L A STR O N O M Y . M r. van de Kamp. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M a jo r s and M in ors in C ourse F or students w ho in te n d to m ajor in m athem atics in course the norm al sequence of courses is the following: freshm an year, courses R 2; sophomore year, courses 11, 12; ju n io r year, two half-courses selected from courses 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19; senior year, two half-courses from the same list. T hose who in te n d to pursue astronom y as a m ajor subject in course should have in addition courses 1, 2 in th a t subject d u rin g the freshm an or sophomore year; advanced courses in astronom y selected from the list given above com bined w ith work in m athem atics constitute the fu rth e r requirem ent. F or students who select m athem atics o r astronom y as th e ir m inor, the m inim um of three courses should be selected from the following: M athem atics 1, 2; 11, 12; 14, 15; 16, 17; 18, 19; Astronom y 1, 2, 3. C om pletion of course 12 is the m inim um requirem ent. H onors W o rk in M a t h e m a t ic s Prerequisites for admission to H onors seminars in m athem atics eith er as a m ajor or as a m inor are the com pletion of courses 1, 2 and 11, 12; the com­ pletion of the course in G eneral Physics; a thorough reading know ledge of F rench or G erm an. For H onors w ork in Astronomy, com pletion of course 1, 2 in th a t subject is necessary in addition to the requirem ents indicated above. T h e following seminars prepare for exam inations leading to a degree w ith H onors: 104 1. ADVANCED CALCULUS. The differential calculus for functions of several variables and its geometric applications, double and triple integrals, improper integrals, line and surface integrals, the elements of vector analysis. 2. D IF F E R E N T IA L EQ U A TIO N S. Ordinary differential equations of the first order, linear differential equations, with particular attention to special cases of the equation of second order; some aspects of the theory of partial differential equations, of Fourier series, of the calculus of variations and of functions of a complex variable. For senior Honors students two or more of the following seminars are offered each year, according to the needs and interests of the students. 3. T h e o r y o f f u n c t i o n s o f a c o m p l e x v a r i a b l e . A fairly detailed study of the linear fractional transformation in the complex plane. Derivatives and integrals of analytic functions. Expansion in series. Contour integrals. 4. FO U N D A T IO N S O F M A T H EM A T IC S. Postulational treatment of mathematics. The problem of consistency. Relation of logic and mathematics. Some of the systematic treatments of the foundation of logic. Modern developments. 5. ADVANCED G EO M ETR Y . An introduction to differential geometry, projective geometry, and more­ dimensional geometry. Use of elementary matrix calculus; group theoretical concepts. 6. T H E O R Y O F NUM BERS. Among the subjects treated in this seminar are: Elementary properties of integers, the congruence relation, continued fractions, quadratic residues, simple examples of fields of algebraic numbers. 7. A N A L Y T IC M ECHANICS. T he main subject matter of this seminar is the study of the motion of particles and rigid bodies when acted upon by forces. T he equilibrium of such forces will be studied briefly. Many examples will be worked to illustrate the funda­ mental principles. 8. S T A T IST IC S AND PR O B A B IL IT Y . T he purpose of this seminar is to give the mathematical background necessary for an understanding of the mathematical analysis of statistical data. T he mod­ ern developments of statistical theory provide a very valuable application of the concepts and techniques acquired in advanced calculus. H onors Seminars in A stronomy Seminars on the following topics will be arranged for those desiring to take one o r m ore papers in Astronomy. 1. SPH E R IC A L A STRO N O M Y : A m athem atical discussion of the reduction of visual and photographic observations of position; solution of visual and spectroscopic binary orbits. Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11,12. 105 2. S T A T IS T IC A L A STR O N O M Y : F undam en tal data. Stellar m otions an d parallaxes. D istribution of objects in space. T h e galactic system. Prerequisites, Mathematics 11, 12. 3. T H E O R Y O F O R B IT S AND C O M P U T A T IO N O F O R B IT O F AN A ST E R O ID O R CO M E T . Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12. 4. C ELESTIA L M ECHANICS. Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12. 5. P H O T O G R A P H IC A ST R O M E T R Y . Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12. 6. D O U B LE STARS. Prerequisites, Astronomy 1, 2; Mathematics 11, 12. L ibraries a n d O bservatory T h e astronom ical p a rt of the d epartm ental library is located on the first floor of the Observatory; the m athem atical section on the fifth floor of P arrish H all. T h e library contains com plete sets of nearly all the Am erican m athem atical an d astronom ical periodicals, an d sets (some of w hich are com­ plete, some of w hich are not) of the leading English, G erm an an d F rench periodicals. T h is library receives the publications of m any of the leading observatories in exchange for the publications of th e Sproul Observatory. T h e prin cip al instrum ent of the Sproul O bservatory is the twenty-fourinch visual refractor of thirty-six-foot focal length, used almost exclusively for photography. T h e instrum ent has been in continuous operation since 1912 an d provides a valuable an d steadily expanding collection of photographs. A n um ber of m easuring an d calculating m achines are available for the m easurem ent an d reduction of the photographs. T h e p rin cip al program of the Observatory is an accurate study of the distances, motions an d masses of the nearer stellar systems. Results of departm ental studies are published in the Sproul O bservatory publications an d in various scientific journals. A dvanced study in conjunction w ith the research program of the O b­ servatory may be arranged in consultation w ith the D irector of the Sproul Observatory. T h e Students’ Astronom ical Observatory contains a six-inch visual refractor, a nine-inch photographic telescope, an d a transit instrum ent. T h e S proul O bservatory is open to visitors on the second an d fo u rth T uesday nights of each m onth, except those T uesday nights th a t fall in a vacation period. Visitors thus have an op p o rtu n ity of seeing, in the course of a year, m any celestial objects of various types. 106 Music A ssociate P ro fesso r : A lfred J . Sw a n , C h a irm a n . A ssistant P ro fessor : I r m a W o l p £. 1. FO U N D A T IO N S O F M USIC. M r. Swan. F ull course. First semester: T he initial course in music begins with the study of the funda­ mental musical senses (scales, intervals, melody, etc.) which the student will apply in the making of his own melodies. Two- and three-part counterpoint is thereupon practiced, leading to the composition of short three-part motets, in several of the modes. Second semester: Brief fugal expositions for one or two instruments in place of the voices, preludes, and fughettas, the study of suitable themes for sonata developments. At the end of the second semester the student may be able to produce some short piece of his own worthy of performance. T exts: Morris, Foundations of Practical H arm ony and Counterpoint. Morris, C ontrapuntal T echnique of the 16th Century. Jeppesen, C ounterpoint. M edtner, T h e M use and the Fashion. 2. PIA N O L IT E R A T U R E . Mrs. W olpA F ull course. T he acquisition of the art of piano playing through the study of Cramer, Bach’s Inventions and French Suites, Mozart and Beethoven sonatas and modern works. Prerequisite is a knowledge of the piano with at least four years of previous study. 3. O U T L IN E O F A H IS T O R Y O F MUSIC. M r. Swan. H a lf course. Intended for students of composition, and some others, who want to gain a perspective over the successive styles of music from the Middle Ages to Beethoven. 4. B E E T H O V E N . M r. Swan. (N ot offered in 1947-48) H a lf course. Beethoven’s themes and tonalities. Early individuality of Beethoven. The musical forms at his disposal. Sonata from its inception around 1730. Thematic development. The great works of Beethoven. In place of the above, semester courses may be given in the Music of the 19th Century or Modern Music. H onors W ork T o be adm itted to H onors w ork a student m ust have com pleted b oth semesters of Music 1. Students m inoring in music w ill take one sem inar in Music History, an d one in Com position; those m ajoring in music, two in Music H istory an d two in Com position. T h e Music H istory seminars cover the period from the Ars A ntiqua to the 17th century. T h e Com position seminars culm inate in the w riting of a string q u arte t m ovem ent or some oth er cham ber ensemble in sonata form. T h e com pleted work is played by a p ro ­ fessional organization at the tim e of the H onors exam ination. T exts: Reese, M usic in the M iddle Ages. Besseler, D ie M usik des M ittelalters u n d der Renaissance. A pel, T h e H istory of M usical N otation. A nthologies: Gleason, A pel an d Davison (H arvard Anthology). . 107 Philosophy and Religion P ro fesso r : W olfgan g K o h l e r , R e se a rc h P ro fesso r o f P h ilo so p h y a n d P sycholo g y. V isit in g P ro fesso r : P a u l S ch r eck er . A ssociate P ro fessor : R ich a rd B. B randt , C h a irm a n . A ssistant P rofessors : M o n r o e C. B eardsley . R oderick F ir t h . I n str u c to r : S id n ey M orgenbesser . L ec tu r er in R e l ig io n : E d w in E . A u brey . 1. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O PH IL O SO PH Y . All instructors. H a lf course. A survey of the principal problems of philosophy and the alternative answers to them. Stress is laid on the writing of philosophical essays. This course should be taken to satisfy the college requirement for the freshman year, unless special permission is granted by the department. N o te: T h is course serves as a sufficient prerequisite for any o th e r course offered by the departm ent. O th er courses may be taken in any o rd er th a t is convenient. M embers of the d epartm ent w ill offer advice on request con­ cerning an o rd er of courses to suit individual needs. Students p lan n in g to do H onors w ork should n o t take courses dealing w ith m aterial to be covered in honors seminars. 2. E T H IC S . A ll instructors. H a lf course. An introduction to ethical theory, largely systematic in character. Various theories, including relativistic views, and the possibility of rational criticism are considered. 8. LO G IC. M r. M orgenbesser. H a lf course. A study of the forms of reasoning, inductive and deductive. Some time is devoted to symbolism and logical systems, and special attention is given to analysis of arguments and the detection of fallacies, both in formal reasoning and in scientific procedure. Recommended for science students, particularly mathematics majors. 4. SELECTED M O D E R N P H IL O SO PH E R S. Mr. F irth. H a lf course. A systematic study of the work of two or three philosophers from Descartes to the present day, selected according to the interests of students and instructor. Briefer attention will be given to the historical setting of the authors discussed, and to related philosophical figures. 5. P L A T O . M r. F irth. H a lf course. A study of all sides of Plato’s philosophy—ethics, political theory, metaphysics, and aesthetics—as presented in the principal dialogues. Briefer attention will be given to the historical setting of the dialogues and to other Greek philosophers. Recommended for students in literature and the social sciences. 108 6. S E V E N T E E N T H C E N T U R Y PH ILO SO PH Y . M r. Schrecker. Half course. T he evolution of philosophical problems and ideas from Descartes to Leibniz, with special reference to the scientific, religious, political and social back­ ground. Particular attention is paid to matters relevant to present day dis­ cussion. 7. A E ST H E TIC S. Mr. Beardsley. Half course. A study of some fundamental problems that arise in the attempt to under­ stand, describe, and evaluate works of art in any medium. Recommended to students majoring in literature, music, or the fine arts. 8. C O N T E M PO R A R Y PROBLEM S. M r. B randt. Half course. A study of some basic problems in the fields of epistemology and metaphysics. In 1947 parts of the work of F. H. Bradley, G. E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, and John Dewey will be analyzed. 9. T H E PH IL O SO PH Y O F SCIENCE. M r. Morgenbesser. Half course. A study of the logical structure of mathematics and the empirical sciences, including the theory of induction and probability; of the philosophical sig­ nificance of some recent theories in the physical sciences; and of the meaning of basic concepts used in the sciences. Recommended for students in the sciences. 10. SOCIAL PH ILO SO PH Y . M r. B randt. Half course. An analysis of the structure of society; theories of social change, such as the Hegelian and the Marxian, and other central problems such as race and social progress; the theory of rights, justice, and democracy; the ideals of communist, socialist, and fascist society. 11. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O T H E T H E O R Y O F CIV ILIZA TIO N S. Mr. Schrecker. Half course. A study of the fields of human endeavor (religion, politics and law, science, art, language, economy), their mutual relations and interdependence, the role of the individual in their evolution, the articulation of civilization into epochs, nations, classes, and the function of freedom in the cultural processes. 20. C O N T E M PO R A R Y C H R IS T IA N T H IN K E R S . M r. Aubrey. Half course. Outstanding thinkers representing Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Anglo-Catholicism, Protestant neo-orthodoxy, and liberalism. Lectures will pro­ vide historical background and biographical information. Students will read sample works of the authors cited. R e q u ir e m e n t s and R ec o m m e n d a t io n s for M ajors A pplications to m ajor in the departm en t w ill norm ally n o t be approved u n til the student has com pleted course 1, an d one o th e r course from those num bered 2 to 19 if his p rincipal interest is philosophy. Students whose principal interest is religion should consult the d ep artm en t ab o u t th eir pro­ grams. Students whose p rincipal interest is philosophy should consult the de­ p artm en t if they p la n to offer courses in religion, in excess of one, as fulfil­ m ent of their m ajor or m inor course requirem ents in philosophy. Prospective majors in H onors should seriously consider including Logic somewhere in the program o f the first two years. As supporting m aterial, the d ep artm en t recom­ mends a year’s work in psychology an d a semester’s jvork in physics. 109 H onors W ork F or adm ission to H onors study, the requ irem en t is at least two semester courses, one o f w hich m ust be the Introdu ctio n to Philosophy (course 1), unless w ith the special perm ission of the departm ent. Students should n o r­ mally present as th eir second course one selected from courses num bered 2 to 19. Seminars. T h e following sem inars p rep are for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: 1. M O R A L P H IL O SO PH Y . M r. F irth. A seminar in ethics, systematic and historical. T he general issue of relativism and absolutism is analyzed; the principal ethical theories are studied; and con­ siderable attention is also given to related psychological and metaphysical problems. Recommended for students of psychology and the social sciences. 2. P L A T O . M r. F irth. An examination of all the major and some of the minor dialogues of Plato in an effort to understand his contributions to ethics, politics, and metaphysics, and to appreciate his importance for Western thought. Attention will be paid both to his historical setting and to his significance for contemporary problems. Recommended for students of literature and the social sciences. 3. H IS T O R Y O F M O D E R N PH IL O SO PH Y . Mr. Beardsley an d others. T he development of modern thought from Bacon and Descartes to Kant. This seminar may appropriately be combined with work in any of the three divisions. 4. CLASSIC PRO BLEM S IN P H IL O SO PH Y . M r. Köhler, M r. B randt, Mr. F irth. A systematic study of some basic problems such as the phenomenological method, the theory of perception, the ontological status of physical objects, the nature of consciousness and the mind, the relation of the mind to the body, induction, universals, and the theory of meaning. 5. A E ST H E T IC S . M r. Beardsley. A systematic examination of the philosophy of art and the methodological foundations of criticism. Recommended for students of literature, music, and the fine arts. 6. PH IL O SO PH Y O F SCIENCE. M r. M orgenbesser an d others. A consideration of scientific method, the logical foundations of science, in­ cluding the theories of induction and meaning. Examination of the concepts of space, causality, explanation, and others of importance for the student of philosophy. 7. SOCIAL P H IL O SO PH Y . M r. B randt. An examination of theories of social and cultural change held by contemporary writers, Hegel, Marx, and others. A study of the basic concepts required for an understanding of social facts; of the evaluation of social movements; and of some methodological problems peculiar to the social sciences. Recommended for students of the social sciences and psychology. 10. TH ESIS. A thesis may be submitted by majors in the department for one of the Honors subjects, upon application by the student and at the discretion of the depart­ ment. 110 Physical Education for Men D ir ec to r of A t h l e t ic s and P h y sic a l E d u c a tio n for M en and A ssociate P ro fesso r : C a r l K. D e l l m u t h . A ssistant D ir e c t o r and A ssistant P r o fesso r : W il l is J. St etso n . A ssociate P ro fesso r : R o b er t H . D u n n . A ssistant P ro fessor : E d w in J. F a u l k n e r . I n stru cto r : L ew is H . E lverson . A ssistants : A l b er t M . B a r r o n . A very F . B l a k e . Sa m u e l E ckerd . B e n ja m in K e n n e d y . J a m es M c A d o o . J a m es M il l e r . H ow ard D . S ip l e r . P a u l S t o fk o . C o lleg e P h y sic ia n M e n : D r . M orris A . B o w ie . for F a c u lty R e q u ir e m e n t s . Physical E ducation is required of all non-veteran freshm en an d sophomores unless excused by the College physician. D uring this two-year period, m en students m ust atten d a m inim um of three classes p e r week. A ll m en n o t excused for m edical o r other reasons are expected to fulfill this requirem ent u n d er penalty o f being asked to leave the college. F a l l A ctiv ities •Cross C ountry Swimming T en n is T o u ch Football * Football * Soccer W B adm inton •Basketball Boxing A ctiv ities in t e r T ennis T rack Volley Ball H andball Lacrosse •Sw im m ing Spr in g A ctiv ities •Baseball •G olf Speed B all •Lacrosse Softball •T e n n is •T ra c k • Indicates intercollegiate competition. bM W restling Physical Education for Women A ssociate P r o fesso r : V ir g in ia R a t h , C h a irm a n . A ssistant P rofessors : M ay E . P arry . I rene M oll. A ssistants : P a t r ic ia Sto c k , C onstan ce R e n n in g e r , V ir g in ia R o w la n d . C o lleg e P h y sic ia n for W om en: D r . M orris A . B o w ie . T h e aim of this D epartm ent is to contribute to the education of all women students thro ugh the m edium of physical activity. W e believe this contribution can best be achieved through p articipation in a b road program of recreational, rhythm ic an d developm ental activities. T h erefo re the program provides: in ­ struction an d experience in sports an d dancing; swimming ability fo r all; corrective an d developm ental exercises. I t is o u r h ope th a t th e student will also acquire: appreciation of the dance as a fine art; the m eaning of good sportsm anship; added endurance; good posture; leadership training; joy in outdoor exercise; a n d a program of interests an d skills th a t w ill carry over for the individual an d h e r com m unity after college. Classes are k ep t small to insure individual atten tio n , a n d students are grouped according to ability. A m ple opportu n ities are given for intram ural a n d intercollegiate com petition, as w ell as for p u b lic perform ances an d dem onstrations. Freshm en an d sophom ores take three periods of activity each week. T hese may be elected from classes listed below w ith the stip u latio n th a t they: take swimming u n til a test is passed; take a rhythm ic activity; take a team sport; take Body M echanics if th e posture grade indicates a need for it. R egulation costumes should be ordered before college opens. Blanks for this purpose will be sent o u t from the Qifice of the D ean to all incom ing students. Sports 1. HOCKEY. Miss Parry, Miss Moll. Class and Varsity. Fall term. 2. A RC H ER Y . Miss R ath. Class and Varsity. Fall and Spring. 8. T E N N IS . Miss Parry, Miss R ath, M r. Faulkner. Class and Varsity, W inter and Spring. 112 Fall, W in ter and Spring. 4. GOLF. Miss Moll. Class and Varsity. Spring. 5. SW IM M IN G . Miss R ath. Fall, W inter and Spring. Beginner, intermediate and advanced classes in strokes and diving. Class and Varsity. 6. HORSEBACK R ID IN G . Miss Stock. Class and Club. Fall, W in ter and Spring. 7. BASKETBALL. Miss Parry, Miss M oll. Class and Varsity. W inter. 9. B A D M IN T O N . Miss R ath, Miss Parry, M r. Faulkner. Class and Varsity. W in ter and Spring. 18. SO FT BALL. Miss Moll. Class and Varsity. Spring. 19. LA CROSSE. Mrs. Row land. Spring. R h y t h m ic A ctiv ities 10. D A NCIN G . Miss R enninger. Class and Club. Fall, W in ter and Spring. 11. FO LK D A N C IN G . Miss Moll. Fall, W in ter and Spring. D e v e l o pm e n t a l and H e a l t h A ctiv ities 14. T U M B L IN G . Miss R ath . W inter. 15. IN D IV ID U A L GYMNASTICS. Miss R ath. W inter. For those students who need special exercises because of incorrect posture or minor orthopedic defects. 16. BODY M ECHANICS. Miss R ath, Miss Moll. Required of all first-year students. W inter. 17. C O N D IT IO N IN G EXERCISES. Miss R ath, Miss Moll. W inter. Serv ice A ctiv ities 20. R E C R E A T IO N A L LEA D ERSH IP. Miss Moll. Theory and practice teaching in recreational activities of all kinds. W inter. 21. R E D CROSS L IFE SAVING. Miss R a th an d R ed Cross Field R epresen­ tative. W in te r and Spring. Senior and instructors’ courses. 113 Physics P ro fessor : * W in t h r o p R . W r ig h t . A ssociate P rofessors : W il l ia m C . E l m o r e , A c tin g C h a irm a n . M il a n W . G a r r e t t . A ssistant P ro fesso r : D en n iso n B a n c r o f t . A ssistan t : W il l ia m W . C l e n d e n in . 1. G E N E R A L PHYSICS. Mr. Bancroft an d M r. G arrett. F ull course. An introductory course in classical physics open to all students. No prerequisite other than those for college entrance is assumed. This course or its equivalent must precede any advanced courses or seminars in physics. It is required of most science majors. Three lectures, a conference and a laboratory period weekly. 2. ADVANCED G E N E R A L PHYSICS. M r. Elmore. F ull course. T he material for this course is drawn from the fields of mechanics, hydro­ dynamics, acoustics, kinetic theory and thermodynamics. Since free use is made of the calculus, a course in this subject must precede or be taken concurrently. This course is recommended for physics majors and should meet the needs of other students desiring a second course in physics. Three conference hours and one laboratory period weekly. 3. M O D E R N IN T R O D U C T O R Y PHYSICS. (N ot offered 1947-1948) H a lf course. A one-semester course primarily for non-science majors, designed to present selected subject matter in physics which illustrates the scope and method of physical science and provides a background for evaluating modern develop­ ments. Three class meetings and one laboratory period weekly. Not accepted as a prerequisite for advanced work in physics. H onors W ork 1. PHYSICAL O PT IC S. M r. Bancroft. Second semester. Based on Robertson’s Introduction to Physical Optics. The laboratory work includes measurements on thick and thin lenses, intercomparison of wave lengths by prism, grating and interference spectrographs, computation of series constants, quantitative observation of various interference and diffraction pat­ terns and measurement of reflection coefficients. 2. E L E C T R IC IT Y A N D M A G N ETISM . M r. G arrett. First semester. Based principally on Page and Adams’ Principles of Electricity. It covers electro­ statics, magnetism, electro-magnetic phenomena, electronics and some applica­ tions. It is accompanied by laboratory measurements involving direct, alternating and electronic currents, static charges and permanent magnets. Prerequisite: Mathematics seminars in advanced calculus and differential equa­ tions. * Absent on leave 1947-1948. 114 3. M O D E R N PHYSICS. M r. Elmore. Second semester. A seminar devoted to both the experimental and the theoretical aspects of modem atomic physics. T he topics include gaseous conduction, atomic structure, isotopes, X-rays, photoelectricity, radioactivity, nuclear physics and related matters. T he seminar discussion is accompanied by a full-day laboratory period. This seminar should be preceded by that in electricity. 4. T H E O R E T IC A L PHYSICS. N o t offered regularly. A study of selected topics, mostly drawn from classical physics but including an introduction to quantum theory. Little duplication occurs of theoretical mate­ rial covered in Seminars 1-3. This seminar is based on Page’s Introduction to Theoretical Physics. Not accompanied by laboratory. 5. G EN ER A L PHYSICS. (N ot offered 1947-1948) A seminar devoted to a limited number of topics selected from the entire field of physics. It is designed for students who desire a single honors seminar in physics but do not wish to concentrate on one branch of the subject. The material covered will be chosen to suit the needs of students taking the seminar, but ordinarily will include theoretical mechanics and electricity and magnetism. Laboratory experiments supplement the discussion. This seminar will be given when needed provided that the current teaching load permits. Students m ajoring in physics are expected to com plete Physics 1 an d 2, Chemistry 1, an d M athem atics 1, 2, 11 an d 12 in th eir first two years. I t is recom m ended th a t G erm an be used to fulfil the language requirem ent. T h e w ork of the u p p e r two years involves ord in arily an honors program . M athem atics is an essential m inor an d m ost physics students elect three sem inars in this subject. T h e usual practice is to include eith er chemistry o r electrical engineering as the second m inor. T h is general p a tte rn for the u p p er years is subject to considerable m odification w here special needs m ake it desirable. 115 Political Science P ro fessor : J . R ola nd P en n o c k , Chairman. A ssociate P ro fessor : L eslie L ipso n . A ssistant P rofessors : M organ T h o m a s . * B ryce W ood . I n stru cto r : G eorge T . L it t l e . L ectu r er s : D ona ld H a r ter . P h i l ip E . J acob . 1. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O P O L IT IC A L SCIENCE. A ll members of the departm ent. . F ull course. T he foundations of politics—sociological, psychological, and economic: nature and development of political institutions; types of government. A study of examples of the major forms of government, followed by a more detailed study of the national government of the United States. 2. A M ERICA N S T A T E AND LOCAL G O V E R N M E N T . M r. Lipson. H a lf course, second semester. T he nature of federalism, as exemplified by the United States and contrasted systems. Intergovernmental relations within a federal system. Analysis of state and local governments; their constitutions and charters; the electoral process and political parties; the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; finance and functions of governmental administration. 3. M O D E R N PA R T Y PO L IT IC S. M r. Lipson. H a lf course. T he rise of political parties; their role in the modem state; and reasons for their existence. T he connection between parties and group interests. Types of parties. Programs, organization, and leadership. Open to juniors and seniors only. 4. A M ERICA N C O N S T IT U T IO N A L LAW . M r, T hom as. H a lf course. T he Constitution as developed by the Court; and the Court as seen through the cases. Stressing (a) the extent of national power, (b) constitutional limita­ tions upon state legislation, (c) the nature of the judicial process in the American system of government. 5. P U B L IC A D M IN IS T R A T IO N . M r. T hom as H a lf course. An analysis of the principles of administration in modem governments with illustrative material drawn chiefly from the national government of the United States and with particular references to the implications of recent developments. Problems of administrative organization, conduct of regulatory and managerial activities, financial administration, personnel, public relations, administrative legislation and adjudication. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement.* * Absent on leave. 116 6. H IST O R Y O F P O L IT IC A L T H E O R Y . M r. Pennock. H a lf course, first semester. T he development of thought on the nature of the state and of individual rights and duties, based largely on readings of the chief political philosophers. Topics studied include: Greek political thought; medieval universalism and the divine right of kings; the Reformation and the development of contractual theory; sovereignty and the rise of the national state; the growth of liberalism and the roots of totalitarian ideologies. Open to juniors and seniors only, except by special arrangement. 7. DEM OCRACY AND D IC T A T O R S H IP . M r. Pennock. H a lf course, second semester. Analysis of the crisis of political liberalism. Reconsideration of the bases of representative government in the light of changed economic and social condi­ tions in the modem State; examination of such alternative principles as those offered by Communism and Fascism; investigation of the problem of planning in a democracy; and an appraisal of present tendencies in political develop­ ment. 8. IN T E R N A T IO N A L R E L A T IO N S A ND O R G A N IZ A T IO N . Mr. Little. H a lf course, first semester. An introduction to the principles and problems of international relations and foreign policy, including: historical concepts of international society; develop­ ment and basis of the national state system; nationalism and imperalism; growth and nature of international law; the League of Nations; the impact of war on modern society; the United Nations Organization. 9. L A T IN A M ERICA N R E L A T IO N S. M r. W ood. (N ot offered in 1947-48) H a lf course, second semester, alternate years. Political, historical, cultural, commercial relationships between the United States and Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean area, and South America. Discus­ sions of Pan-Americanism, the Monroe Doctrine, boundary disputes, trade agree­ ments, the Good Neighbor Policy. American diplomatic history as seen by Latin America. 10. A M ERICA N F O R E IG N POLICY. M r. L ittle. H a lf course, second semester, alternate years. A historical and analytical study of the political, constitutional, geographic, and economic factors controlling American foreign policy, with particular reference to the development of policies toward Europe and the Far East since 1890. 11. CO M PA RA TIV E G O V E R N M E N T . M r. Lipson. H a lf course. A comparative treatment of some contemporary political systems, with an evaluation of their principal similarities and differences. Special attention will be paid to the governments of Canada, France, Italy, New Zealand, and Switzerland. Political Science 1 is open to all students an d is prerequisite to all other courses offered by the departm ent. O th er courses are o p en to all students who have h ad Political Science 1 unless otherw ise indicated. 117 R equirem ents and R ecommendations for M ajors Students who in te n d to m ajor in political science should take Course 1 in the freshm an year an d Course 2 in the sophom ore yeaT. M ajors are also required to take Economics 1. Courses in Statistics (Economics 3) an d in A merican H istory are recom m ended. Political T heory, eith er in sem inar or in course (Course 6), is req u ired of all majors. H onors W ork Prerequisite: Political Science 1. T h e following seminars p rep are for ex­ am ination for a degree w ith H onors: 1. P O L IT IC A L T H E O R Y . M r. Pennock. T he nature of the state, the basis of political obligation, sovereignty and the nature of law, problems of freedom and authority, theoretical analysis of forms of government, theories of revolution—all in the light of the theories set forth by writers on these subjects from Plato to the present. 2. P O L IT IC S A N D L E G ISLA T IO N . M r. Lipson. A study of the political process: purposes of the state; the relation of the general welfare to special interests; public opinion; voters and electoral sys­ tems; parties and politicians; the functions and organization of the legislature. 3. PRO BLEM S IN G O V E R N M E N T A N D A D M IN IS T R A T IO N . Mr. Thom as. A detailed study of major problems of government, particularly on the admin­ istrative side, and especially as they manifest themselves in the national govern­ ment of the United States. Topics studied include: public budgeting and f i n a n r i a l control, administrative legislation and adjudication, governmental reorganization, administrative areas, governmental corporations, and problems of public service personnel administration. 4. IN T E R N A T IO N A L R E L A T IO N S A ND O R G A N IZ A T IO N . M r. L ittle. First semester. Basic factors of interstate relations-geography, resources, races, trade-con­ sidered in relation to nationalism, imperialism, and war. T he development of international organization, technical and political, from the Confederation of Europe to the United Nations Organization. 5. A M ERICA N F O R E IG N POLICY. M r. L ittle. Second semester. „ a study of the economic, political, and strategic factors in American foreign policy since 1890. 6. P U B L IC LA W AND JU R ISP R U D E N C E . M r. Pennock. Second semester. Sources and nature of law; historical, sociological, philosophic, and "realistic” approaches to law; key problems of jurisprudence illustrated by study of the fields of federalism and civil liberties in American constitutional law. 7. T H ESIS. A ll members of the departm ent. Approval of the instructor immediately concerned must be secured early in the student’s junior year. 118 Psychology and Education P rofessors : W o lfgan g K o h l e r , Research Professor of Philosophy and Psychology. S o l o m o n E . A sch A ssociate P rofessors : R ichard S. C r u t c h f ie l d , Chairman. H ans W a l l a c h . A ssistant P rofessors : V era F r e n c h . W il l ia m C . H . P r e n t ic e . B e n b o w F . R it c h ie . L e c t u r e r : M a r ia n H ubbell M ow att. P sychology 1. IN T R O D U C T I O N T O P S Y C H O L O G Y . M r. C ru tch field . H a lf course, each semester. A study of the structure and organization of the experience and behavior of the individual. Required for all further work in Psychology. 2. P S Y C H O L O G IC A L M E T H O D S . M r. C rutchfield, M r. R itc h ie . H a lf course, each semester. A study of the scientific methods of psychology: historical and systematic development of methods, experimental design, statistical techniques, methods of clinical and field investigation, psychometric methods. Prerequisite: Course 1. Required for all further work in Psychology. 3. C O G N IT IV E PR O C E SSES. M r. A sch, M r. W allach . H a lf course, each semester. A study of the problems and functions in human learning and perception: topics in perception are chosen for their relevance to other fields of psychology: in the discussion of learning, problems in understanding and thinking are emphasized. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. H a lf course, first semester. A study of the directive and regulative aspects of behavior. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 4. M O T IV A T IO N . M r. P re n tic e , M r. W allach . H a lf course, second semester. Psychological analysis of the behavior of the individual as a member of social groups. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 5. S O C IA L PSY C H O L O G Y . M r. Asch. 119 6. C H IL D PSYCHOLOGY. Miss French. H a lf course, second semester. Intellectual, social, and emotional development from birth through adolescence. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 7. E D U C A TIO N A L PSYCHOLOGY. Mrs. M owatt. H a lf course, second semester T he relation of psychological principles of learning and motivation to the educational process. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 8. PSY CH O LOG ICA L T E ST S A ND M EASUREM ENTS. Miss French. H a lf course, first semester. Construction, administration and interpretation of tests; the psychology of individual differences. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 9. E X P E R IM E N T A L PSYCHOLOGY. M r. W allach, Mr. Ritchie. H a lf course, each semester. A laboratory course involving experimentation on problems of human behavior. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2 and 8. 10. A N IM A L B EH A V IO R . M r. Ritchie. H a lf course, second semester. A comparative study of animal behavior, with laboratory work. Especially rec­ ommended for students of zoology. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 1L PSY CH O PA TH O LO G Y . Miss French. H a lf course, first semester. A study of the main forms of mental disorders: psychoneuroses, psychosomatic disorders, and psychoses, with special consideration of etiological factors; princi­ ples and methods of therapy; the relation of pathological forms to normal personality structure. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2 and 4. 12. D IAGNOSIS O F PER SO N A LITY . Miss French. H a lf course, second semester. Theory and practice of methods employed in understanding personality: case histories, personal documents, projective techniques, measurement of interests, sentiments and values. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2, 4, 8 and 11. 13. SYSTEM ATIC PSYCHOLOGY. (N ot offered in 1947-48) H a lf course. A study of recurrent problems of psychology, in historical perspective and in light of various systematic views. Restricted to senior majors in psychology and qualified students of philosophy. Prerequisites: Courses 1 and 2. 14. ADVANCED E X P E R IM E N T A L PSYCHOLOGY. T h e staff. H a lf course, each semester. Special investigation of selected problems under the direction of a member of the department. Open only to senior majors in psychology. Prerequisites: Courses 1, 2, 3 and 9. 120 15. PSY CH O LOG ICA L T U T O R IA L . T h e staff. H a lf course, each semester. Supervised reading in fields that have not been adequately covered in courses. Recommended for seniors majoring in psychology. E ducation 21. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O E D U C A TIO N . Mrs. M owatt. H a lfi course, first semester. A survey of the aims, organization and procedures of education; the oppor­ tunities and requirements in education as a profession. 22. H IS T O R Y O F E D U C A T IO N . (N ot offered in 1947-48) H a lf course, alternate years. A historical survey of educational procedures from the period of the Greeks to the present, including a comparison of present-day systems in Europe and America. 23. P H IL O SO PH Y O F E D U C A T IO N . (N ot offered in 1947-48) H a lf course, alternate years. A study of the fundamental principles of education viewed in dynamic relation with our culture; special emphasis on the role of education in a democratic society. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M ajors in C ourse M ajor students in course norm ally take Courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 an d three fu rth er half courses in psychology. Courses in education, 21, 22 an d 23, will n o t be credited tow ard a m ajor in psychology. E ducation alone may n o t be elected as a m ajor subject, an d n o t m ore two full courses in education will be accepted for credit tow ard the bachelor’s degree. T h e Pennsylvania requirem ents for the certification of secondary school teachers include 21 hours of psychology an d education. W ith the exception of 6 hours of practice teaching, w hich m ust be taken elsewhere. Swarthm ore students may fulfill these requirem ents by taking Courses 1, 2, 7, 21, 22 an d 23. th an H onors W ork Prerequisites. Courses 1 an d 2 are prerequisite for all H onors work. All m ajor students in H onors are advised to take introductory work in zoology or physics, an d a second half course in philosophy. A reading knowledge of G erm an is desirable. Sem inar program. A norm al program of seminars for majors is Perception, L earning and T hinking, M otivation, and one o th e r in psychology. O f the two seminars taken by m inors, one should b e M otivation. T h e following seminars prepare for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: 121 1. P E R C E P T IO N . Mr. Köhler, M r. Prentice, M r. W allach. Deals systematically and experimentally with problems in the field of percep­ tion. Open to all qualified Honors students, but especially recommended for students of the natural sciences and philosophy. 2. L E A R N IN G A N D T H IN K IN G . Mr. Asch, M r. Köhler, Mr. Ritchie, Mr. W allach. Deals with principles of adaptive behavior; the functions of memory and thinking; the nature of understanding and problem-solving; the nature of intelligence. Open to all qualified Honors students. 3. M O T IV A T IO N . M r. Crutchfield, Miss French, M r. Köhler, Mr. Prentice, M r. W allach. A systematic and experimental approach to the dynamics of behavior, based on material drawn from the laboratory and the clinic. Open to all qualified Honors students, but of particular interest to students of ethics and the social sciences. 4. IN D IV ID U A L IN SOCIETY. M r. Asch, M r. Crutchfield. T he relationship between man and his society, approached from the points of view of social psychology, sociology, and cultural anthropology. Open to all qualified Honors students, but especially designed for students of the social sciences. 5. PER SO N A LITY . Miss French. A systematic approach to the understanding of the personality of the individual; techniques of study of personality, such as life history, interview, projective techniques, situational tests, measurement of sentiments; clinical and experi­ mental facts concerning personality. Open to all qualified Honors students. 6. LANGUAGE. (N ot offered in 1947-48) T he psychological bases of communication, with special reference to the origin and development of language, the nature of linguistic symbolism, the disorders of linguistic behavior. Open to all qualified Honors students, but especially designed for students of literature and recommended in conjunction with the seminar in Linguistics. 7. SYSTEM ATIC PSYCHOLOGY. Mr. Köhler. Observations and problems in different fields of modern psychology treated as parts of a developing system, with a consideration of the basic principles inherent in this development. Open to all qualified Honors students. 8. TH ESIS. May be presented as a substitute for one seminar, provided the student is doing major work in psychology with four seminars, and provided some member of the department is willing to undertake the direction of the thesis. 122 Romance Languages P rofessor: E dith P hilips , C h a irm a n . A ssociate P rofessors: H arold M arch . J ames D . Sorber. L eon W encelius. I nstructors: E lisa A sensio (part-time). . N ewell B ush. J osé M iguel G onzalez. F ellow and A ssistant: M onique B ilbault. F ren ch I. E L E M EN TA R Y FR E N C H . F ull course. For students who begin French in college. Equivalent of two years’ secondary school preparation. 2A. R E A D IN G , G RA M M A R A ND C O M P O SIT IO N . M embers of the de­ p artm en t. H a lf course. Prerequisite, French 1 or two years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test. 2B. R E A D IN G , G R A M M A R AND C O M P O SIT IO N . C ontinued. M embers of the departm ent. H a lf course. Prerequisite, French 2A or three years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test. 3A. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O F R E N C H L IT E R A T U R E . M embers of the departm ent. H a lf course. Representative texts of modern French writers. Conducted in French with fre­ quent written work in French. Prerequisite, French 2B or four years’ secondary school preparation and an achievement test. 3B. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O F R E N C H L IT E R A T U R E . M embers of the departm ent. H a lf course. Representative texts of Renaissance and classic writers. 10. LE RO M A N A V A N T 1800. M r. M arch. II. LE RO M A N D U D IX -N EU V IÈM E SIÈCLE. M r. M arch. H a lf course. H a lf course. 12. PR O SA T E U R S E T M O RA LISTES D E LA RENAISSANCE E T DE LA R É FO R M E . H a lf course. 13. LA PRO SE CLASSIQUE. M. W encelius. H a lf course. 14. LES Ô R IG IN E S PH IL O SO PH IQ U E S D E LA R É V O L U T IO N . Miss Philips. H a lf course. 16. LA POÉSIE LY RIQ U E D E V IL L O N À LA F O N T A IN E . M lle. B ilbault. H a lf course. 123 17. LA POÉSIE L Y R IQ U E M O D ER N E. M r. M arch. H a lf course. 18. O R IG IN E S E T D É V E L O PPE M E N T D U T H É Â T R E CLASSIQUE. M lle. B ilbault. H a lf course. 19. LE T H É Â T R E M O D ER N E. Mlle. B ilbault. H a lf course. 21. ADVANCED C O M P O SIT IO N A ND D IC T IO N . Required of French majors. H a lf course. Spanish 1. EL E M E N T A R Y SPANISH. M r. Sorber, Mrs. Asensio. F ull course. For students who begin Spanish in college. Equivalent of two years’ secondary school preparation. 2. R E A D IN G , G RA M M A R A ND C O M P O SIT IO N . M r. Sorber, M r. G on­ zalez. F ull course. Prerequisite, Spanish 1 or two years’ secondary school preparation and a place­ ment test. 3. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O SPA N ISH L IT E R A T U R E . Mr. Gonzalez. F ull course. Prerequisite, Spanish 2, or four years’ preparation in secondary school and a placement test. Representative texts of modern Spanish writers. Conducted in Spanish with frequent written work in Spanish. 10. LA N OVELA ESPAÑOLA D E L SIG LO X IX . Mr. Sorber. For Honors work in Spanish, see page 125. H a lf course. 11. LA POESIA H ISPA N O -A M ERICAN A . H a lf course. 12. E L SIG LO D E O R O . 13. LA N O VELA HISPA N O -A M ERICAN A . M r. Sorber. 14. LAS OBRAS D E CERVANTES, M r. Sorber. 15. E L T E A T R O M O D E R N O . Mrs. Asensio. Italian 1. EL E M E N T A R Y IT A L IA N . M r. Bush. F ull course. A course aimed to give the student ability to read ordinary Italian with ease, and to write and speak simple Italian. 2. SECOND YEAR IT A L IA N . (N ot offered in 1947-48) F ull course. G ram m ar review an d composition. Readings from D ante’s Inferno. 3. IN T R O D U C T IO N T O M O D E R N IT A L IA N L IT E R A T U R E . (N ot of­ fered in 1947-48) F ull course. Representadve texts of modern Italian writers. All students offering F rench or Spanish for entrance are placed according to the College E ntrance E xam ination B oard tests o r take a placem ent test. T h e results of this test, taken into consideration w ith the n um ber of years of preparation, determ ine the student’s assignment to Course 2 or Course 3. 124 R e q u ir e m e n t s fo r M ajors and M inors F rench or Spanish may be offered as m ajor o r m in o r in course o r in H onors work. Prerequisites an d recom m ended supportin g subjects are the same for bo th course an d H onors students an d are as follows: R equired in the first two years: First course, F rench o r Spanish. 3A. Second course, F rench o r Spanish 3B o r its equivalent. S upporting subjects recom m ended: F rench History, Philosophy, Psychology, English o r an o th er foreign or classic literature, F ine Arts. M ajors are expected to speak F rench o r Spanish w ith sufficient fluency to take p a rt in discussion in courses an d seminars in the language an d to pass an o ral com prehensive or oral H onors exam ination in F rench o r Spanish. T h e d epartm ent does n o t offer a m ajor o r m in o r in Italian . H onors W ork T h e following F rench seminars prepare for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: 1. LA RENAISSANCE EN FRA NCE. M. W encelius. Rabelais, Calvin, Montaigne, Ronsard. 2. LE T H É Â T R E CLASSIQUE. Mlle. Bilbault. Corneille, Racine, Molière. 4. LA PENSÉE FRANÇAISE AU D IX -H U IT IÈ M E SIÈCLE. Miss Philips. Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau. 5. BALZAC, STE N D H A L , FL A U B E R T . Mr. March. 6. P R O U S T , G ID E, VALÉRY. M r. M arch. T h e seminars in F rench are p lan n ed w ith reference to the choices of the students an d the convenience of the departm ent, an d the semester in which they are given varies from year to year. M ajors are urged to elect four seminars w hich cover the four m odem centuries. T h e following Spanish seminars prepare for exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: 1. LA N O VELA HISPA N O -A M ERICAN A . M r. Sorber. 2. LA POÉSIA H ISPANO-AM ERICANA. 3. E L SIG LO D E O R O . 4. LA N O VELA ESPAÑOLA D E L SIGLO X IX . M r. Sorber. 5. LAS OBRAS D E CERVANTES. M r. Sorber. 6. E L T E A T R O M O D E R N O . Mrs. Asensio. T h e re are no H onors seminars given in Italian . 125 Zoology P rofessors : #L a u r en c e I rving . R o b er t K . E nders , A c tin g C h a irm a n . A ssociate P rofessors : W a l t e r J . S c o tt . N ea l A . W eber. A ssistant P ro fessor : L a u n c e l o t J . F l e m ist e r . I nstructors : J a e L . L it t r e l l . N o r m a n A . M e in k o t h . R esea rch B io l o g ist : * P e r F . S ch o la n d er . R esea rch A ssociates : H arald E r ik so n . K n u t S c h m id t -N ie l s e n . B o d il Sc h m id t -N ie l s e n . * R eid a r W en n esla n d . R esea rch A ssistan t : S a ra h C . F l e m is t e r . 1. E L E M EN TA R Y ZOOLOGY. M r. Enders. H a lf course. This introductory course is designed to present to the student the fundamental aspects of systematic zoology. T he structure and classification of animals, as well as their economic and cultural aspects, are considered in survey fashion. Prerequisite to all advanced courses in zoology. Three lectures, one laboratory period per week. 2. C O M PA R A TIV E V E R T E B R A T E AN ATO M Y . Mr. M einkoth. H a lf course. A course of lectures, laboratory conferences and dissection presented from the comparative viewpoint. Dissection of several vertebrate types is undertaken. Two lectures or conferences and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite, 1. 3. EL E M E N T A R Y PHYSIOLOGY. Mr. Scott. H a lf course. A consideration of the physiology of muscle, nerve, circulation, respiration, central nervous system, special senses, and digestion; the treatment is designed to give a broad understanding of the mechanism of the vertebrate body. In the laboratory, standard experiments on living tissue are performed. • Two lectures, one conference and one laboratory period per week. Prerequisite,!. 4. EM BRYOLOGY. Miss L ittrell. . H a lf course. A study of the developmental process in vertebrates. Laboratory periods are devoted to the developmental anatomy of amphioxus, frog, chick, and pig. Experimental analysis of development is introduced in the lectures and con­ ferences. Three lectures, one laboratory period per week. Prerequisite, 1. * Absent on leave, 1947-1948. 126 5. M ICR O SCO PIC AN ATO M Y . Miss L ittrell. H a lf course. This course is concerned with the microscopic structure of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Whenever possible the tissues are examined in the living condition. T he student makes enough preparations to familiarize himself with the principal methods of modem microtechnique. Two lectures and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite, 1. 6. SPECIAL T O PIC S . T h e staff. For advanced students. Open to those who on account of fitness have arranged a program of special work in the department. 7. BIO LOG Y O F T H E V ERT E B R A T E S. Mr. Enders. H a lf course. A course designed to integrate the students’ knowledge in abstract sciences with living animals, both captive and wild. Field work is especially stressed during the warmer months. Open to zoology senior majors only. 8. BIO LOG Y O F PARASITISM . M r. M einkoth. H a lf course. A consideration of parasitology with reference to ecology, evolution, epidemi­ ology and physiology. Surveys are made of parasites in native animals. Classifica­ tion and life cycles are reviewed. Prerequisites, 2 and 3. 9. IN V E R T E B R A T E ZOOLOGY. Mr. W eber. H a lf course. A course of lectures, laboratory conferences and dissection presented from the comparative viewpoint. Dissection of important invertebrate types is under­ taken. Two lectures or conferences and two laboratory periods per week. Prerequisite, 1. R e q u ir e m e n t s for M a jo r Study in C ourse Students in course should com plete d uring fo u r years the following: two courses in chemistry, one course in m athem atics, one course in physics, two full courses in a m o d em language (preferably G erm an, although two full courses in F rench o r two full courses in Spanish w ill be acceptable), four courses in zoology. t Genetics (D epartm ent o f Botany) or botany m ay be offered as one advanced zoology course. W ith perm ission of the departm ent a second course in physics, a second course in m athem atics, o r a th ird course in chemistry may be substituted for the fo u rth course in zoology, provided such a course is n o t being offered as p a rt of the m in o r requirem ent. T h e d epartm ental requirem ents of two courses in chemistry an d one in physics constitute a m inor for zoology majors. H onors W ork Prerequisites for a m ajor study o f zoology: o ne an d one-half courses in zoology (1, 2, 3), two courses in chemistry (1, 2 o r 3, 6A), one course in m athem atics (1, 2), one course in physics (1), two courses in G erm an (1, 2), or th e ir equivalent. 127 Prerequisites for a m inor study of zoology: one course in zoology (1, 2 or 3). In addition seminars in physiology require one course in physics an d two courses in chemistry. A dditional prep aratio n in chemistry is desirable. F u rth e r w ork in m athe­ matics is recom m ended for those who have ability in the subject (11, 12). T h e additional courses in chemistry an d m athem atics are necessary for certain seminars in those departm ents. Seminars. T h e following seminars prep are students fo r exam inations for a degree w ith H onors: EM BRYOLOGY. M r. Enders or Miss L ittrell. T he nature of the germ cells, experimental analysis of development and repro­ duction, and the developmental anatomy of vertebrates with laboratory empha­ sis on the chick and the pig. M ICR O SCO PIC AN ATO M Y . Miss Littrell. A study of the minute structure of animals by the examination of living cells and tissues, and by the analysis of prepared slides; most of these slides are prepared by the student who thus acquires a working knowledge of micro­ scopical technique. IN V E R T E B R A T E ZOOLOGY. M r. W eber. An intensified version of the course (9) with emphasis on individual projects by the students. PHYSIOLOGY. Mr. Irving, M r. Flemister. A survey of important subjects in general and comparative physiology. BIO LOG Y O F PARASITISM . M r. M einkoth. An intensified version of the course (8) with emphasis on individual projects by the students. An integration of problems in medical and veterinary sciences with conditions obtaining normally among wildlife. SPECIAL TO PIC S. T h e staff. Open to students who, having satisfied all requirements, desire further work in the departm ent T he following subjects are suggested: Neurology (Mr. Scott), Physiology of Reproduction (Mr. Enders), Biology of the Vertebrates (Mr. Flemister). Frequently this will include acting as junior assistants in the research of staff members. A pproved work at sum m er biological stations may be substituted fo r certain seminars an d courses, p erm itting m ore choice in the stu d en t’s college program . 128 REFERENCE SECTION A directory of the students and faculty of Swarthmore College may be obtained by writing to the Registrar 129 Visiting Examiners of Candidates for Degrees with Honors F e b ru a ry 1947 Divisions of the Humanities and the Social Sciences ECONOMICS: D r . J o seph D . C o p po c k , Washington, D. C. ENGLISH: P rofessor Sc u l l e y B radley , University of Pennsylvania; D r . D o r o th y A . K o c h , Bryn Mawr College. FRENCH: P rofessor G e r m a in e B r e e , Bryn Mawr College. H ISTO RY: P rofessor T r o y er S. A nderson , Hunter College; P ro ­ fessor P h il ip A . C r o w l , Princeton University. PHILOSOPHY: P rofessor M o n r o e C. B eardsley , Yale University; P rofessor M il t o n C. N a h m , Bryn Mawr College. PO LITICAL SCIENCE: D r . D . B e a tr ic e M c C o w n , Washington, D. C.; P rofessor M a l c o l m M oos , The Johns Hopkins University. PSYCHOLOGY: P rofessor S o l o m o n E. A sch , New School for Social Research. J u n e 1947 Divisions of the Humanities and the Social Sciences ECONOMICS: D r . R ichard A . M usgrave , Washington, D. C.; P r o f . S. H ow ard P a tter so n , University of Pennsylvania; D r . W a lter A. S o l a n t , Washington, D .C. ENGLISH: P r o f . M a t t h e w W . B la ck , University of Pennsylvania; D r . D o r o th y A. K o c h , Bryn Mawr College; D r . St e p h e n E. W h ic h e r , North Easton, Mass. FINE ARTS: P r o f . E l ea n o r P . Spe n c e r , Goucher College. FRENCH: P r o f . M argaret G il m a n , Bryn Mawr College. H ISTO RY: D r . A l ic e B eardw ood , Wynnewood, Penna.; P r o f . G or ­ don A. C raig , Princeton University; P r o f . J a m es A. F ie l d , J r ., Harvard University. 130 LINGUISTICS: P r o f . A lfred Se n n , University of Pennsylvania. PHILOSOPHY: P r o f . S id ney H ook , New York University; P r o f . J a m es M il l e r , William and Mary College. POLITICAL SCIENCE: P r o f . G eorge D . B raden , Yale Law School; P r o f . E . P . C h a se , Lafayette College; D r . C a rl M arcy , Washing­ ton, D. C. PSYCHOLOGY: D r . D w ig h t W. C h a p m a n , Washington, D. C.; D r . F rancis W. I r w in , University of Pennsylvania; D r . E d w in B. N e w m a n , Harvard University. Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences BOTANY: D r . P h i l ip R . W h it e , Lankenau Cancer Research Labora­ tory. CHEMISTRY: P r o f . M arvin C a r m a c k , University of Pennsylvania; P r o f . J a m es L . C r e n sh a w , Bryn Mawr College. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: P r o f . C o r n eliu s W eyg andt , Moore School of Electrical Engineering. M ATHEM ATICS: P r o f . D . J . S t r u ik , Massachusetts Institute of Technology. PHYSICS: P r o f . R ichard M . S u t t o n , Haverford College. PSYCHOLOGY: (see above). ZOOLOGY: P r o f . D o n a Cd R . G r if f in , Cornell University; P'r o f . J a n e M . O p p e n h e im e r , Bryn Mawr College; P r o f . H erbe rt L . R a t c l if f e , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. 131 Degrees Conferred February 9, 1947 B achelor of A rts In the Division of the Humanities W il l a D o r o t h y F r e e m a n ( High B arbara V a n N ess Sw in d e l l ( High Honors) Honors) L a il l e Sc h ü t z ( Honors) H arold L esley S m it h , J r . M ildred W ebb St ic k n e y C a r o ly n L in c o l n T a y lo r J a n e W h e e l w r ig h t T orrey (High Honors) In the Division of the Social Sciences JR- T h o m a s L ees B artleso n , H ow ard C. B o w m a n T h eo d o r e E ddy B ra a ten W a l t o n F ranks C anedy D ouglas W h it e C ray M ary J a n e G eh res H a zel H utson H u n t l e y D o r o t h e a M a e K o pc h y n sk i B arbara A lsto n N o r f l e e t (High Honors) R obert E d w in O r t o n , W il l ia m F in n e y R am say R o b er t H uston R e it in g e r A la n L e ig h R ossbach J o h n K en n ed y S p a ffo r d , J r . D avid B arclay S p e n c e G eorge J o se ph Strauss (Honors) A nn T aylor D avid A udoun T h a t c h e r I sabel H o w la n d W it t e (High Honors) JR- In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences M a r jo r ie L o u ise J e a n n e S y lv ia A n n P eters L il o T eu tsc h Strauss M ary E l l e n Y ardley A lex a n d er D u n ca n C h iq u o in e D o r o t h y J ea n D a n a A bbie G ertrude E nders V ir g in ia D avis H ood B achelor of S c ien c e In the Division of Engineering W il l ia m P a u l A u er F rank R o o t A y er H sing H u i L iu H en r y E dm un d P e e l l e , J r . R e n o o S uvarnsit 132 June 16, 1947 B achelor of A rts In the Division of the Humanities J ea n D em a ris A f f l e c k E liza beth A nderson J a n e -P o w e l l B allard L eo A rthur B orah, I I H orace W illa rd B r eec e M argaret H arrison C anedy E l iza bet h C raig C raw ford A l ic e L u c il e D ea th era g e (Honors) W in n if r e d C ortlan d E m erso n J a n e t G a y ( High Honors) J a m es B yron G ildersleeve (Honors) E lea n o r Sta b ler G il l a m S usan S m it h H arrer J a n e t H o tson (High Honors) M a r jo r ie N o r to n H ow ard B e t t y A lden J a m es (High J oan W h it e J en k in s F red K e t t n e r J o h n (J ack ) K l e in e r D e n ise M alige E ln a M onro e J ea n M argaret M u n n G w in n F ardon O w ens E l iza b et h T u n e l l P o p e M a r il y n J o a n R osen E l iza bet h D . S c h a u f f l e r C a t h e r in e J a n e Sm it h J a n e S orber (Honors) M ary L ou ise St e y t l e r E lisa b eth W eisz (Highest Honors) M ic h a e l M a t t h e w W e r t h e im e r (High Honors) B e n ja m in F r a n k lin W olv erto n , JR- Honors) In the Division of the Social Sciences W il l ia m J o h n C arter G l o r ia E l ea n o r C l e m e n t R obert L add D ecker J o h n W il l ia m D ouglass B yron St a u f f e r E bersole W ard D en n is E dwards (Honors) G lo ria E d it h E vans J o h n R a y m o n d F a rrell R obert F l e m in g G e m m il l C liffo r d R iggs G il l a m , J r . L ucretia J ordan G o t t l ie b M a lc o lm R a l p h G urbarg A lan N o r m a n H a l l D avid H apgood G r a h a m O l in H arrison (Honors) R obert G o ug h H ayden V ic to r H . H erbert , J r . D avid L ew is H e w it t J a n e T o p p in g H oar H a n n a K en m o r e W il l ia m N o ble K in nard , J r . (Honors) D avid F rederick K irn R osalind L o r w in (High Honors) R ichard W a l l L y m a n (High Honors) S usan O t t o (High Honors) C a r ro ll F a h n esto ck P o o l e 133 B arbara E ll e n T h o r p R a n so m H udson T u rn er , J r . J ohn R . W enzel C lyde A rno ld W illis J ackson de C a m p W illis J o h n P e t e r W r ig h t M er le A l b er t Y ock ey , J r . H en r y R e in e k e R ichards H ow ard M o rley Sa c h a r (High Honors) W a l t e r M a r sh a ll Sc h m id t B ea t r ic e D a l e S h o u p (Honors) W il l ia m C h a rles S iec k W il l ia m A r t h u r T e m p l e In the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences J e r o m e A brams J o h n D o n n e l l B acon R obert G ardner B a r tle (Highest Honors) D o r o t h e a D a rro w B o n e A dela ide D o r o t h e a B ro k a w (High Honors) K en n eth T aylor B row n J o h n C airns , J r . V a u g h a n C ra nda ll C h a m b er s , D o n a l K en n ed y C o yle C loyde L o w e l l F ausnaugh H ugh R ic h m o n d G il m o r e , I I I J o h n W oodland H astings S adako H ayase H erbe rt R a y m o n d H il l m a n , Jr- J r- C o u r tn e y T itu s W emyss W il l ia m B yrnes W en n e r O l in K e n n e t h W ila nd E b en ezer D avid W il l ia m s , J r . (High Honors) J a m e s R obert H u n t er E l e a n o r W ard I n o u y e B achelor M iy o k o I n o u y e W il l ia m W a r n er J epso n M ary D o r o th y L ow en s S h ir l e y C l a ir e L yster S t e f a n M a c h l u p (Honors) R o y W r ig h t M e n n in g e r J a m es H erbe rt N ash B oyd C ed a r h o l m Q u in t P a t r ic ia M a r ie Sc h n eid er F red erick S nyder (Honors) B ruce J o se ph S o b o l T h eo d o r e B e n ja m in T h o m a A n n a M arsh T orre y E rnst W o lfg a n g T r eu en fels E l isa b eth C h a se T r im m e r of S c ien c e In the Division of Engineering C l if f H u tc h in so n K e h o D ona ld E dm un d K e l l e y C h a r les E dw ard N e w it t E l l io t t R ichardson , J r . C ha rles H ir a m Scriver D ona ld W il l it s S m it h E rnst W il l e m V o o rho eve A bn er H ow ard A lbertso n , J r . G eorge H u n t zin g er C avin C o m egy s R ussell D e B u r lo , J r . G ordon W h i p p l e D ouglas G eorge W . G eig er , J r . C a rl R o b er t H o rten C a lv in L ew is K aiser 134 Geographical Distribution of Students 1947- 1948 Pennsylvania .......... New York . ............. New Jersey .............. Massachusetts .......... Illinois ..................... Maryland .................. Ohio ............. ........... District of Columbia Connecticut ............ Michigan ............... . Indiana ................... California ............... Virginia ................... Colorado ................. Delaware ................. West Virginia .......... Wisconsin ............... Florida ..................... Minnesota . . . . . . . . . Missouri ................... Iowa ........7............... North Carolina ........ Rhode Island . . . . . . . South C a ro lin a......... Alabama -................... Maine ....................... Mississippi ........ Montana ................... New H am pshire........ Oklahoma ................. South Dakota ............ . 388 . 219 . 106 . . . . -. . . . . 47 39 36 28 24 19 17 14 13 . 11 . . 8 8 8 8 . . . . . . . . 6 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 135 Tennessee .......................................... Texas .................................................. Washington ...................................... Arkansas ............................................ Georgia .................................... Nebraska .......................................... New Mexico ........................., ........... Oregon ................................................ Utah ..........'.............................. . Vermont ............................................ Wyoming .................. 2 % 2 1 l l l l i l l Total of U. S. S tu d en ts................ 1047 Argentina .......................................... Brazil .................................................. China .................................................. Hawaii ................................................ Holland ........................................ '.. . Greece . . ; .......................................... Korea ................................................ Mexico ................................................ Palestine ............. Porto Rico ........... Syria .................................................... Venezuela ......................................... Wales .................................................. l 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total of Others ........................... 23 Grand Total . . . : ..........................1070 Bibliography of Swarthmore College 1939-1947 A y d e l o t t e , F rank B reaking the Academic Lockstep; the D evelopm ent of H onors W ork in Am erican Colleges an d Universities. N . Y., H arper, 1944. 183 p. B lan sha rd , B rand T w o Swarthm ore Presidents. Friends Intelligencer, v. 97, p. 671-73, 687-89. Oct. 19-26, 1940. C a r ter , B oyd G . Sw arthm ore u n d er F rank A ydelotte. Association o f Am erican Colleges B ulletin, v. 28, p. 316-19. May 1942. E n io n , R u t h C. T h e Intellectual Incubation of a Q uaker College, 1868-1903. A Critical A ppraisal of the E ducational Philosophy of Swarthm ore College. Swarth­ more, Pa. 1944. 89p. T hesis (B.A.) T ypew ritten. F is h m a n , H . M. C hina Studies w ith U ncle Sam; Chinese N aval Students at Swarthmore. Travel, v. 84, p. 18-19. M arch 1945. G ager , C ha rles S. T heaters, G ardens an d H orticulture. Science, v. 95, p. 635-39. Ju n e 26, 1942. G o in g C o n c e r n . Time. v. 35, p . 42-43. March 4, 1940. M c I n to sh , M ark , Compiler. Sixty-five Years of Athletics at Swarthm ore College, 1875-1939. Swarth­ m ore, Pa., 1939. T ypew ritten. N ason , J o h n W. C ooperation betw een H averford, Bryn M aw r an d Swarthmore. H averford R eview , v. 1, p. 4-7. A utum n 1941. N ic h o l so n , A rnold W. People’s G arden. Saturday E vening Post. v. 217, p. 26-27. A pril 14, 1945. 136 P a l m e r . Sa m u e l C. Convolvulus w allichiana at Swarthmore. R hodora. v. 47, Nov. 1945. Sh a w , C h arles B. Library C ooperation between Bryn Mawr, H averford and Swarthmore. H averford R eview , v. 1, p. 24-26. Summer 1942. Sw a rth m o re C o lleg e T h e In au g u ratio n of Jo h n W illiam N ason as P resident of Swarthm ore College, O ctober 26, 1940. In B ulletin o f Swarthm ore College, v. 38, no. 5. First M onth 1941. 63p. Sw a r t h m o r e C o lleg e F a c u lty A dventure in Education: Swarthmore College u n d er F rank Aydelotte. N. Y., M acm illan, 1941. 236 p. W a lto n , J e a n B. R ecent Changes in G roup Activities Program at Swarthm ore College. Journal of the N ational Association of Deans o f W om en, v. 6, p. 164-65. Ju n e 1943. W ister , J o h n C. T h e A rth u r H oyt Scott H orticultural F oundation: a T e n Year H istory: Ja n u ary 1, 1930 to Decem ber 31, 1939. In B ulletin o f Swarthm ore College. v. 37, no. 5. Sixth M onth 1940. 89 p. Index Absence from Classes, 58 Absence from Collection, 58 Absence from Examinations, 60 Accelerated Program, 30 Administrative Officers, 20-22 A dmissions P rocedure, 26-29 Application Dates, 28 Scholastic Aptitude and Achieve­ ment Tests, 28 School Subjects Recommended, 27, 28 Advanced Degrees, 62, 63 Advanced Standing, 28 Advisers, 47 Alumnae Scholarship, 34 Alumni Field, 144 Alumni Office, 47 Alumni Scholarships, 34 Arthur Hoyt Scott Auditorium, 144 A rthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Foun­ dation, 44 Astronomical Observatories, 100, 144 Astronomy, Courses in, 97 Atkinson (Barclay G.) Scholarship, 40 Atkinson (Rebecca M.) Scholarship, 40 Attendance at Classes and Collection, 58 Automobiles, Regulations concerning, 60 Awards and Prizes, 63 Bachelor of Arts Degree, 62 Bachelor of Science Degree, 62 Barnard (George Grey) Collection, 43 Beardsley Hall, 144 Benjamin West House, 43, 144 Benjamin West Society, 43 Bibliography of Swarthmore, 1939-1947, 136-137 Biddle Memorial Library, 41, 42 Biddle Memorial Library, Honorary Curators of, 22 Board of Managers, Committees of, 9 Board of Managers, Members of, 8 Bond Memorial, 144 Book Bill, 31 Botany, Courses in, 68, 69 B uildings, 144 Activities and Class Lodges Astronomical Observatories Bartol Research Foundation Bassett House Beardsley Hall Benjamin West House Biddle Memorial Library Bond Memorial Chemistry, Hall of Faculty Residences Field House Hall Gymnasium Hicks Hall Isaac H. Clothier Memorial Library Building Martin (Edward) Biological Laboratory Meeting House Palmer Hall Pittenger Hall Parrish Hall Roberts Hall Scott (Arthur Hoyt) Outdoor Auditorium Somerville Hall (Gymnasium for Women) Sproul Observatory Students’ Observatory Swimming Pools Thomas House Trotter Hall Wharton Hall Woolman House Worth Hall Bunting (Ella Frances) Extemporaneous Speaking Contest, 64 Calendar, College, 5 Calendar, Lunar, 4 Chemistry, Courses in, 70-72 Index Chi Omega Scholarship, 34 Churches, 45, 46 Classical Scholarships, 37 Class Lodges, Women’s, 144 Class of 1913 Loan Fund, 33 Class of 1915 Scholarship Fund, 35 Class of 1916 Loan Fund, 33 Class Scholarships, 35 Classics, Courses in, 71-73 Clothier (Isaac H.) Memorial, 144 Collection, 46 Collection Attendance, Regulation con­ cerning, 57, 60 College Community, 58, 62 College Entrance Examinations, 24, 2628 College Jobs, 32 Committees of the Board of Managers, 9 Committees of the Faculty, 19 Comprehensive Examinations, 50, 51, 53, 62 Conditions, 59 Cooper (Sarah Kaighn) Scholarship, 35 Cooper (William J.) Foundation, 42, 43 Cooperation with Neighboring Institu­ tions, 24 Corporation, Officers of, 8 Course Advisers, 47, 51 C ourses of I nstruction , 63-120 Botany, 68, 69 Chemistry, 70-72 Classics, 73-75 Economics, 76-79 Engineering, 80-88 Civil, 81, 83-85 Electrical, 82, 85-87 Mechanical, 82, 87, 88 English, 89-92 Fine Arts, 93, 94 German, 95-97 History, 98-100 Mathematics and Astronomy, 101106 Music, 107 Philosophy and Religion, 108-110 Physical Education for Men, 111 Physical Education for Women, 112, 113 Physics, 114, 115 Political Science, 116-118 Psychology and Education, 119-122 Romance Languages, 123-125 Zoology, 126-128 Crane Prize, 64 Curators of Biddle Memorial Library, 22 Cutting (Bronson M.) Collection, 44 D egrees, 62, 63 Advanced Engineering Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science Master of Arts Master of Science Degrees Conferred, 132-134 Dining Room,' 45 Directions for Reaching the College, 24 Directions for Correspondence, 2 Divisions and Departments, 18 Dormitories, 43 Dorsey (William) Scholarship, 40 Economics, Courses in, 76-79 Education, Courses in, 122 Education, Physical, 111-113 Educational Program, 24, 25, 119 Egleson (James D.) Murals, 43 Emeritus Professors, 10 Engineering, Courses in, 80-88 Engineering, Degrees in, 61-63, 80 English, Courses in, 89-92 Entrance Requirements, 25-29 Examination Regulations, 60 Examinations, College Board, 26-28 Exclusion from College, 61 139 Index History, Courses in, 98-100 Expenses, 31 Extra and Prescribed Work, Committee on, 59 Extra-Curricular Activities, 48 H onors W ork , 54-57 Faculty, Members of, 10-17 Faculty Regulations, 58-61 Fees (Tuition, Residence, etc.), 31 Fellowships, 65, 66 Ferguson (Donald Renwick), Scholar­ ship, 35 Field House, 144 Fine Arts, Courses in, 93, 94 Foreign Language Requirements, 52, 53 Foreign Students, 135 Fox (George) Award, 65 Fraternity Lodges, Men’s, 144 French, Courses in, 123, 124 Friends’ College Scholarships, 35 Friends Historical Library, 41, 42 Friends Meeting, 46 Fry (Elizabeth) Award, 65 Geographical Distribution of Students, 135 German Language and Literature, Courses in, 95-97 Gillingham (Joseph E.) Fund, 35 Grades, 59 Graduation, Requirements for, 62 Grants-in-aid, 32 Greek Language and Literature, Courses in, 73-75 Admission to, 57 Combinations of Majors Minors, 56 Examinations, 50, 55, 62 Examiners, 55, 130 General Statement, 54, 55 Offered in: Astronomy, 106 Botany, 69 Chemistry, 72 Classics, 75 Economics, 79 Engineering, 81 English, 91, 92 Fine Arts, 94 French, .124, 125 German, 97 Greek, 75 History, 99, 100 Latin, 75 Mathematics, 103 Music, 107 Philosophy, 109, 110 Physics, 115 Political Science, 118 Psychology, 122 Spanish, 125 Zoology, 127, 128 Housing, 24, 45 and Infirmaries, 46 Italian, Courses in, 124 Ivins (Aaron B.) Scholarship, 36 Ivy Medal, 63, 64 Hayes (John Russell) Poetry Prizes, 65 Health, Care of Student, 46 Hicks Hall, 144 Hillborn (Rachel W.) Scholarship, 35 Jane Addams Peace Collection (See Swarthmore College Peace Collection) Johnson (George K. and Sallie K.) Fund, 36 140 Index Kappa Alpha Theta Scholarship Fund, 36 Kovalenko (Jessie Stevenson) Scholar­ ship, 36 Oak Leak Medal, 64 Observatories, Astronomical, 106 Open Scholarships for Men, 34 Open Scholarships for Women, 34 Lapham (Anson) Scholarship, 35 Latin Language and Literature, Courses in, 73-75 Leedom (Hannah A.) Fellowship, 66 Leedom (Thomas L.) Scholarship, 40 Paiste (Harriet) Fund, 37 Palmer Hall, 46, 144 Parrish Hall, 46, 144 Pearson (Paul M.) Loan Fund, 33 Perkins (T. H. Dudley) Memorial Scholarship, 37 Philosophy, Courses in, 108, 109 Physical Education for Men, 111 Physical Education for Women, 112, 113 Physical Education Requirements, 111113 Physics, Courses in, 114, 115 Pittenger Hall, 46, 144 Plan of College Grounds, 144, 145 Political Science, Courses in, 116, 117 Post-War Adjustments, 25, 26 Potter (William Plumei) Scholarship, 38 Pre-Medical Program, 57, 58 Preston (Mary Coates) Scholarship Fund, 38 Prizes, ???? P rogram of Study , 50-58 For Freshmen and Sophomores, 5053 For Juniors and Seniors, 53 Honors Work, 54-57 Pre-Medical Program, 57, 58 Work in Courses, 53 Psychology, Courses in, 119-121 Public Speaking Prizes, 64 L ibraries, 41, 42, 144 Biddle Memorial, 41, 42 College, 41 Friends Historical, 41, 42 Lippincott (Joshua) Fellowship, 66 Lippincott (Sarah E.) Scholarship, 40 Loans to Students, 33 Location of the College, 24 Lockwood (John) Memorial Fellowship, 66 Longstreth (Mary T.) Scholarship, 37 Lucretia Mott Fellowship, 66 Managers, Board of, 7, 8 Map of College Grounds, 144, 145 Martin (Edward) Biological Laboratory, 144 Mary Lyon School, 29, 45 Mathematics, Courses in, 101-108 McCabe Engineering Award, 64 Meeting House, 46 Men’s Executive Committee, 47 Miller (James E.) Scholarship, 37 Miller (John A.) Loan Fund, 33 Mott (Lucretia) Fellowship, 66 Music, Courses in, 107 Naval Unit, 26 Newton (A. Edward) Library Prize, 64 Reeves (Mark E.) Scholarship, 40 Religion, Courses in, 110 Religious Life, 45, 46 Requirements for Admission, 26-28 141 Index Requirements for Graduation, 62 Work of First Two Years, 50-53 Work of Last Two Years, 53-57 Residence, Regulations concerning, 28, 60, 62 Roberts Hall, 46, 144 Romance Languages, Courses in, 123, 124 Taylor (Jonathan K.) Scholarship, 38, 39 T hom e (Phebe Anna) Fund, 39 Trotter Hall, 144 Tuition and Other Fees, 31 Tuition Plan, 32 Tyson (Martha E.) Fellowship, 66 Underhill (Samuel J.) Scholarship, 35 Scholarships, List of, 34-40 Scholastic Aptitude Test, 28, 29 Scott (Arthur Hoyt) Auditorium, 144 Scott (Arthur Hoyt) Horticultural Foundation, 44 Serrill (William G. and Mary N.) Scholarship, 38 Shoemaker (Annie) Scholarship, 38 Sicard (Katharine B.) Prize, 64 Sigma Xi Fellowship, 66 Social Committee, 48 Somerville Forum, 48 Spanish, Courses in, 124 Sproul Observatory, 106, 144 Squier (Helen E. W.) Scholarship, 38 States, Summary of Students by, 135 Student Aid, 32 Student Council, 47 Students’ Handbook, 48 Sullivan (Joseph T.) Scholarship, 40 Summer School Work, 60 Swarthmore College Peace Collection, 41, 42 Swarthmore College Student Loan Fund, 33 Swarthmore Field, 144 Swimming Pools, 144 V-12 Unit, 26 Veterans, Policy Toward, 29, 30 Vocational Office, 47 Westbury Quarterly ' Meeting Scholar­ ship, 39 Wharton Hall, 46, 144 Wharton (Deborah F.) Scholarship, 40 White Open Scholarships for Women, 34 Willets (Samuel) Fund, 39 William J. Cooper Foundation, 42, 43 Williams (Ellis D.) Fund, 31 Williamson (I. V.) Scholarships, 39 Wilson (Edward Clarkson) Scholarship, 40 Women’s Student Government Associa­ tion, 47, 48 Wood (Mary) Fund, 40 Woodnutt (Thomas) Scholarship, 40 Woolman House, 46, 144 Worth Hall, 46, 144 Zoology, Courses in, 126, 127 142 MAP OF S W A R T H M O R E COLLEGE G R O U N D S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wharton Hall Sproul Observatory 'Hall Gymnasium Parrish Hall Hockey Field Tennis Courts Beardsley Hall Science Hall Somerville Gymnasium College Library and Biddle Memorial Library 11 The Hall of Chemistry 12 Students’ Observatory 13 The Benjamin West House 14 The Meeting House 15 Faculty Houses 16 The Presidents House 17 Swarthmore Field 18 Alumni Field 19 Power Plant 20 Employeet Dormitory 21 The Swimming Pools 22 Whittier House 23 Book and Key House 24 Hicks Hall 25 The Railroad Station 26 Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity Lodge 27 Delta Upsilon Fraternity Lodge 28 Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity Lodge 29 Kappa Sigma Fraternity Lodge 30 Worth Dormitory 31 Woolman House 32 Phi Delta Tbeta Fraternity Lodge 33 Bond Memorial and W omeri s Class and Activities Lodges 34 'Bartol Foundation Laboratory 35 Clothier Memorial 36 Arthur Hoyt Scott Audi­ torium 37 Employees’ Houses 38 Field House 39 Palmer, Pittenger and Roberts Halls 40 Edward Martin Biological Laboratory 41 Bassett House S> ' a o (* IS o , JM , 24 2/ A7 — at theCjpounds r o f KjtjQPifcmoT’e Jcvle Jtjp^ JA/JätdbiscA 07 Q C/otteae JtO 2tt> -3QO/cc6