Friday, November 4, 1966 THE COLLEGE NEWS Page Seven - Douglas Describes Court’s Role In a Democratic United States by Kit Bakke Mr. Justice William O, Douglas was the second speaker in the University of Pennsylvania’s CONNAISSANCE series. last Fri- day in Irvine Auditorium, Douglas was presented: to the audience, consisting primarily of eager young law students, as a champion of American free speech, His topic was ‘‘A History of the Supreme Court in the United States,’’ The result was a rather unconnected description of some exciting decisions, plus some per- sonal reminiscences, and a few statistics about the work load of the Court, Douglas pointed out that the Constitution is an eighteenth-cen- tury product, containing no guidelines about some of today’s most pressing problems--bu- reaucracy, technology and nu- clear ™ power, Today government is asked to do more and more for each citizen; but when the Con- stitution_-was-—-written the—point was to ‘‘get government off the backs of the people.’’ Since then, Douglas sees four main periods in constitutional his- tory. For the first 30 ofr 40 years the Court was concerned with interstate commerce and de- fining federalism, Then the slavery issue was paramount, In the 1880’s there was a whole series of cases dealing with social legislation, The Court struck down hours laws, child labor laws, and minimum wage laws, all in the name of private property. Douglas said this created in the United States a real Karl Marx kind of capitalism. This was the era of the great Holmes dissents, We are now in the fourth period, This is the age of civil rights, by which he means not only racial situations, but also criminal rights, the rights of religious min- orities, and the right of each voter to have his vote equal tq everyone else’s vote, Douglas sees the Court as trying to halt the present trend of increasing governmental strength at the ex- pense of the individual citizen, He then described an issue dur- ing the Eisenhower adminis- tration when a mere charge of subversion, without substantia- tion, was grounds for dismissal from a government job. In one case, a man was fired for being caught reading the ‘*‘New Re- public,’’ Although he admits things aren’t this bad today, he does think there is a serious problem of govern- ment advisors who are afraid to speak the truth regarding ex- isting U.S. policies, because they think they. may lose their jobs, Supreme Court advocates are usually somewhat defensive about the-existence of an appointed elite wielding such ‘great power in a democratic society, True to form, Douglas kept reiterating that the people, not the Court, have the real final say. He gave the in- come tax and the enfran- chisement of women as ex- amples, Both these were issues in which Constitutional amend- ments were made, overruling Supreme Court decisions, In the discussion session, many of the questions were directed toward the legality of the Vietnam war, since it is being carried on without explicit Congressional approval in the form of a dec- laration of war, Douglas re- frained from answering these, because he said he didn’t want to have to disqualify himself when an actual case on this matter came to the Court’s- attention. ‘into the team. : as t. Coca-Cola’ ond Coke’ are registered trade-marks which identify only the product of The Coca-Cola Company We admire your spirit, but you just don’t fit oormetee Coca-Cola is on everyone's team. That's because Coca-Cola has the taste you never get tired of... always refreshing. That’s why things go better with Coke oe. after Coke eco after Coke. Bottied under the avthority of The Coca-Cola Compony by: PHILADELPHIA COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY: Philadelphia, Pa. Manet Exhibition Opens (Continued from page 4) and white reproductions of most of the works in the show; it ar- ranges the works chronologically with histories and bibliographical references, and commentary on style, subject matter, and events in Manet’s life pertinent to each work. ‘One of the virtues of the show,’? Mrs. Hanson says, is the variety of types of works included. She urges visitors to look atthe ‘‘more intimate works of art,’ the small prints and drawings, many ofthem seldom exhibited. The prints make up a nearly complete collection and represent the fruits of Mrs. Hanson’s search for them all over the country last fall. ‘The exhibition opened Novem- ber 3 (with a gala opening at which Lynda Bird Johnson appeared) and will continue in Philadelphia until December 11. 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