i , called “the paradise lost Of critical cessful portrayal a VOL. XLVI-NO. 8 ARDMORE and BRYN MAWR, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1960 © Trustees of Bryn Mawr College, 1960 PRICE 20 CENTS “Abrams Details Advocates “Dogged Literalism” The irony of Mr, A. H. Abrams’ Ann Elizabeth Sheble Memorial Lecture, Wednesday, November 31, in Goodhart, was that while differ- entiating “Five Types of ‘Lycidas” he added a sixth—his own explan- ation of Milton’s poem. The ques- tion is, is a poem one or many, and if one, how can you tell which one? Critics of the past and present of- fer at least five separate “Lyci- das’” to choose from. Hanford, im what Mr. Abrams innocence,” maintained that “Lyci- das” was exactly what it purport- ed to be, an elegiac poem about the poet’s friend Edward King. It is drawn on the models of the past, but the critic was forced to ac- knowledge two “digressions”: the poet’s fear that death will take him ‘before he~has—aceomplished | his fame, and his warning to the corrupt English church. Tillyard, who presents the sec- ond type of “‘Lycidas”, first made the familiar critical differentiation between the nominal and real sub- ject of a poem, thus splitting it into two levels of meaning. Mr. Abrams admitted that this is a “handy gadget to replace what the poet said with what the critic wishes he’d said.” The real sub- ject of “Lycidas”, says Tillyard, is Milton himself. The poem is one of the greatest personal expres- sions, and its value lies in its suc- ‘of a state of} mind. Though Tillyard found the poem’s value in the power of its personal revelation, John Crowe Ransom says that anonymity is a condi- tion of poetry and that there is no passion im “Lycidas.” Milton “mourns with technical piety,” and the poem is an “exercise in pure linguistic technique”. Ransom finds Milton breaking out of this per- fect impersonality in three indi- cations: the liberty he took with the stanzas, St, Peter’s satirical speech and the shift from first person to dialogue to third person. (Mr. Abrams pointed out that free- dom of verse form, rough satire, Five Lycidas’ and shifts of speaker are all con- ventions of the elegy form as -Mil- ton knew it.) In this “virtuoso ex- ercise im point of view”, as Mr. Abrams phrased it, Ransom turns Tillyard inside out and feels “dis- turbingly conscious of the* man behind the poem.” The fourth type of “Lycidas” is that of Brooks and Hardy, who maintain that the poem is_ not really about King or Milton but about water, Imagery is the key to the meaning, an abstract sub- stance, and Milton is a symbolist poet who is deeply concerned with a theme: the place of poetry in a world seemingly inimical to it. To prove this thesis, however, Brooks and Hardy begin by main- taining that to Milton nature seems neutral, while the poet actually |. says_that_nature_mourns_iLycidas. || The archetypal version is the fifth type of “Lycidas”, -This theory isolates images which reflect agents of myth, especially of death and rebirth. The poem is not about King but about his archetype, iAd- onis, the rising and dying god. Mr. Abrams commented that. it’s rath- er a shock to discover that the poem is about someone who is not even mentioned in it, These five interpretations differ in essentials, and to combine them all would be incoherent. Mr. Ab- rams suggested going back to the text and reading with dogged lit- “eralism except where the—poem—is} obviously allegorical. His type of “Lycidas” is a dra- matic lyric, written for the public ceremonial on the occasion of King’s death, Milton’s attempt to Continued on Page 5, Col. 1 PIANO RECITAL A recital for two pianos will be given by Horace Alwyne, Professor Emeritus of Music, and Agi Jambor, Professor of Music, Friday, January 6, at 8:30 in Goodhart. Tickets may be secured from the Office of Pub- lic Information. Mrs. Pat Nicholson, “Shakespeare’s Women” In Life, Plays. “Shakespeare is a household word,” begam Mrs. Pat Nicholson, speaking on “Shakespeare’s Wom- en,” “yet how much do any of us really know about his life and his| work?” Mrs. Nicholson, a Shakespear- ean actress, who hails from Edin- burgh, addressed. an. appreciative: audience at» the Deanery, Decem- ber 2. Her talk, sponsored by the Friends of the Library, included background and comments on the bard and short readings from sev- eral of his plays. 2 “Today,” said Mrs, Nicholson, “women dominate the theatre from _ both sides of the footlights, but in the Elizabethan period no woman ever took a part in a» draina. Shakespeare had to depend on young boys to portray his women. Actress, Recreates could memorize them. She also spoke of the necessity of avoid- ing physical passion which might prove ludicrous or offensive. As an example of Shakespeare’s success with the latter problem, Mrs. (Nicholson. read the balcony scene from Romeo and Juliet, in which. the lovers never touch, but in which “the magic of the poetry is enough to.convince the audi- ence.” She also noted the small number of scenes in Antony and Cleopatra which the two lovers actually meet. ; Turning from the poet’s work to his personal life, Mrs. Nichol- son described the women who were closest to him and their possible effect upon his writing. She sug- gested that (Mary Arden Shakes- peare, his mother, who had never) | one.” Dramas by Brecht Force Re-evaluation Of Modern Society The “vigorous, enterprising, juicy” Berthold Brecht and his de- tached, cynical drama were the topics of Victor Lange’s lecture in Goodhart Common Room, Tuesday, November 29. Mr. Lange has stud- ied at Leipzig and Cornell and is now head of Princeton’s German Department, Brecht 1s currently one of Ger- many’s most popular playwrights, second only to Shakespeare, Schil- ler, and Goethe. (“No lecture on German literature can proceed for more than four minutes without mention of Goethe-’’) Anti-Aristotelian Creator of a “fresh idiom in drama” Brecht is the most influ- ential figure in the history of con- temporary literature. Best-describ- ed as anti-Aristotelian, Brecht aimed to detach audience and act- or from character by the use of a deliberately impersonal, blasé, didactic narrative. Brecht at- tempted to use the dramatic form to force the audience to re-evalu- ate itself in relation to society as a whole. In conventional dramatic thea- ter the audience reacts: “I’m just like this. This human’s suffering moves me.” Brecht’s audience should respond: “This is most sur- prising. This will have to stop. Nothing here seems inevitable. I’m laughing about those who weep, and—weeping—about—those—who laugh.” He sought to show the pa- thos of people in a mutable social situation, rather than the pathos of people as such, Political Dramatist Convinced of the mutability of society and disgusted with the evils of capitalism, Brecht used his didactic drama to advance Marxist socialism. What had once been Brecht’s “epic” style, now be- came his “dialectic.” “T address you like reality it- self,” he said, ‘tired of your diffi- culties, which you seem to be dis- regarding.” In his zeal use the drama as a scientific : od of effecting social change, Brecht even attempted to turn the Com- munist Manifesto into hexameter. De-romanticizing the theatre was Brecht’s first aim. In his “desire to chill”, Brecht decorated his theatre with anti-romantic slo- gans and posters which stated “we zannot help you, ourselves, or any- His love songs always are used for shock. In Jungle of Cit- ies, a grotesque series of tussles, two men fight to show how inter- esting a fight cam be. ot Audience -Deprivation Playwriting became for Brecht a form of demonstration. He de- liberately deprived the audience of the suspense of seeing how. the play would end by stating, the course the action would take at the beginning of each scene. The audience was thus free to concen- trate on the developing action. The plots and scenes themselves were not to be® complete, but should Russian Chorus Entertains As Highlight Of Weekend by Janice Copen The class of 1963 has been gaining a reputation for breaking tradi- tion. at Bryn Mawr. Last weekend the sophomores Proved “that innovations can work wre Having unsuccessfully attempted to put together a Maids’ and Porters’ Show, the class imported the Yale Russian Chorus to provide the main entertainment Saturday night, and to set the tone for the weekend, Friday evening began with enthusiastic support at a square dance in the gym. Traditional American dances were followed by folk dances from other nations. A group from Hillel Organization at Brooklyn College taught some Israeli dances. The international atmosphere was maintained at the Hoot in ‘Applebee Barn which followed the square dance. The high point of the weekend was, of course, the Yale Russian Chorus which performed Saturday evening in Goodhart. They’ sang a - Cochran Lectures On Culture’s Role In Economic Rates. “The fundamental problems of economic development are not economic,” Thomas ~C:~-Cochran; Professor of History at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, said in the Mallory ‘Whiting Webster Lec- ture on Monday evening, Novem- ber 28. Im his lecture entitled “Cultural Factors in Economic Growth,” Mr. Cochran proceeded to prove that cultural character- istics play an important role in the economic development of a nation. An example of the effect on ec- onomic growth of cultural factors is the importance of the family unit in Latin America. The fath- er generally takes his domestic ‘Tesponsibilities seriously, and often sacrifices his busifess to his fam- ily. There is also the Latin Amer- ican concept of individualism as “a unique inner quality, divorced from all exterior motives.” A United States entrepreneur usually has an impersonal confi- dence in his employees; a Latin American, however, finds it diffi- cult to view his staff objectively: He feels he cannot trust a man unless he knows -him personally. In addition, Latin Americans stress | _ the importance of personal dig- nity, and often avoid risky ven- tures for fear of personal humili- ation. Many Latim American business- es are managed inefficiently. The chief fails to delegate authority to his subordinates, and conse- quently has to make all the deci- sions himself, Mr. Cochran de- scribed the futile attempt of a United States efficiency expert to renovate the administrative system in a Buenos Aires factory. At the end of a year, the plant was in chaos. No one knew what to do with his newly delegated author- ity. “Engineers are doing shop work ... ” wrote the harassed efficiency expert. Latin American entrepreneurs often are not receptive to advanced technology. United States busi- nessmen, on the other hand, a quick to absorb new technique; Communication of ideas has\been an important .cause of economic growth in the United States. In concluding, (Mr. Cochran re- minded the audience that the pur- pose of his lecture was not to crit- icize Latim American business, but rather to show the influence of variety of Russian songs including the powerful hymn, “Praise the Name of the Lord,” the sweet and gently flowing “It is not the Wind that Bows the Branch,” and the quick and tongue-tripping ‘“Kal- inka.” Although many people: in the audience could not understand much more than the words to the ‘well known, “Song of the Volga Boatmen,” everyone appreciated the magnificent voices in the cho- rus and the enthusiasm with which the men sang. A special tribute should be given to the conductor who did an excellent job. Besides giving four encores at the performance, the chorus sang again at the dance, Tansoolka, which was held in the gym follow- ing the concert, The Brym Mawr Octangle and the Haverford Octet also performed. The River Road Seven from Bard College provided the dance music. pig. Rachel Brown and Angel Shrode, -sophomore—representatives—to—Un-— ae dergrad, organized the weekend. Judy Deutsch was in charge of tickets; Julie Heilman and Margie Hibberd did the publicity. Choruses to Sing, Do Carol Service; Minister to Speak ‘Members of the Bryn Mawr Col- lege Chorus and the Haverford College Glee Club and Instru- mental Ensemble will appear in a traditional pre-Christmas service sponsored by the Interfaith Asso- ciation, December 11 on Goodhart stage, The program will feature the Reverend Andrew Mutch, D.D., Minister Emeritus of the Brym Mawr Presbyterian Church, who will read the Christmas story. Led by Robert” Suderberg and William Reese, the musical groups will perform a number of selec- tions among which, according to Mr. Suderberg, the Ceremony of Carols is particularly worthy of attention. . The order of the service is: Brass Music Haverford Brass Ensemble A Ceremony of Carols s Benjamin Britten Members of Bryn Mawr College Chorus Soloists: Marian Willner, Contralto Anne Witman, Soprano Susan Goodman, Harp Brass Music Haverford Brass iii Christmas Cantata: In dulci jubilo Thus very. few of Shakespeare’s plays are carried by female char- acters.” The actress explained that fe- male roles had to be limited in length so that boys under fourteen | ® been very dear to him, appeared in the person of Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. She saw allusions to Shakespeare’s marriage with Ann Hathaway in the. sonnet “Let Me ‘Continued on Page 6, Col. 3- challenge the. saudience, In The Good Woman of S the end is not certain. The character challenges the audience, “There must be some good end that would fit. Good friends, let us look for $2”. . 2 ‘eultural characteristics on econ- omic growth. Mr, Cochran said that in recent years economists have done a great deal of research on the interrelation of cultural and Continued on Page 5, Col. 3 B. Ph. Telemann : Mixed Chorus, instruments Soloists: Shirley Van Cleef, Soprano Marian Willner, Contralto _. Mare Briod, Bass aR REEREEEE EER S Page Two THE COLLEGE NEWS i Wednesday, December 7, 1960 Some Local Respunsibilities Last week the United States Military Academy at West Point held its twelfth annual Student Conference on United States Affairs, for the purpose of examining national secur- ity policy and providing students with an appreciation of the complexities of policy formulation. Although it is the happy prerogative and general practice of students to judge policy makers and censure them for lack of foresight, boldness, and imagination, nonetheless, this conference produced not the usual gay round of verbal assault on Senate and State De- partment, but amazingly enough, the complete reverse. While allowing student delegates opportunity for critical examina- _ tion of government procedures, it at the same time pointed up, indirectly but dramatically, three distinct areas of for- eign policy formulation in which they as students have a re- sponsibility distinct from and surpassing that of the gad-fly. |' The few hours of playing policy-maker and working within the narrow limitations imposed by his power to exe- cute, demonstrated as little else could just how essential it is that students meet the first of these academic responsibilities. While the professional policy maker must discard what may be potentially good ideas because of difficulties involved in their implementation, the student, in spite of or because of nis lack of freedom to execute is free to transcend the limits placed by expediency on the practicing politician and expand beyond the bounds of the obvious. A sufficient number of ideas (by definition of the term sufficient) will inevitably lead to the translation of some into action; while the policy maker tussles with the implementation and evaluation of existing schemes, it is the responsibility of the student to keep up a steady supply of new ones. The second area of academic responsibility, one for which the student qua student is even more directly answerable, is the grand-scale study and analysis of social and political situations in the United States and abroad. Though certain- ly not a new demand, it was brought forth with a shocking clarity in both the discussion sessions, where the number of unknowns in any given problem became painfully apparent, and in the closing address delivered by the Honorable Dean Rusk at the final banquet. This responsibility for providing policy makers with what they need to know of the values, | mores, and institutions of newly emerging and underdevelop- ed nations particularly, and for thinking through the com- mon human denominators upon which a viable world com- munity can be based, was stressed by Mr. Rusk, now Presi- dent of the Rockefeller Foundation. Finally, the three days of grappling with the issues and nearing the experts was enough to make crystal clear what everyone knows but few realize; that is, that the people in the next few years who must teach in the schools, work in the hospitals, and build the bridges in underdeveloped areas throughout the world are not a distant and mysterious set of the dedicated, but rather, we ourselves. The policies, pro- grams, and ideas that must be put into play to meet the Com- munist challenge in emerging nations are completely in our hands. Our own preparation for facing up to and handling this awesome task is then, the third and possibly the most important of these academic responsibilities. In spite of rumors to the contray, there is no sign of a flu epedemic anywhere in the world at this time. How- ever, for those who would still like immunization, the in- firmary will offer ‘the innoculation at regular dispensary hours. The price for a booster is $1.00, but there is no ad- ditional charge for those needing two shots, the hardy souls who survived last winter without one. THE COLLEGE NEWS FOUNDED IN 1914 Pubiisned weekiy during tne College Year (except during Tnanksgiving, Christmas and Easter nolidays, and during examina- tion weexs) ‘in tne interest of Bryn Mawr College. at the Ardmore Printing’ Company, Aramore, Pa., and Bryn Mawr College. The College News is fuliy protected by copyright. Nothing that appears in it may be reprintea wnoliy or in part witnout permission of tne Editor-in-Chief. EDITORIAL BOARD ES SESE mE Ae SUES SOG TETAS ESSE Marion Coen, ‘62 RN NE ii vkss sc cccees esis stsssrsbcsgetacens Kristine Gilmartin, ‘63 Do Or re rrr ren er ON Isa Brannon, ‘62 PO I, csv ek c ose cece es becrseseeeerecseeyacees Suzy Spain, ‘63 WU I oi Scab s cc cihebsecedeeresevesuceeces ws. Judy Stuart, ‘62 Member-at-Large ............. ey kha e es hoc e ss ius Alison Baker, ‘62 EDITORIAL STAFF ' Janice Copen, ‘63; Helen Angelo, ‘63; Berna Landsman, ‘63; Judith Bailey, ‘63; . Wanda Bershen, ‘64; Ellen Beidler, ‘64; Caren Goretsky, ‘64; Helen Levering, ‘64; Rosabeth Moss, ‘64; Ellen Rothenberg, ‘64; Sally Schapiro, ‘64; Arlene Sherman, ‘64; Jo-Anne Wilson, ‘64. BUSINESS BOARD I NN iso cncsk op ech e ted ee tee whee cbaccces Judith Jacobs, ‘62 Associate Business Manager... 1... 2.6.6 cece cece eee Nancy Culley, ‘63 « Staff Photographers ............... Jean Porter, ‘62; Charlotte Brodkey, ‘62 ici kos ese lisetccccceebes Margaret Williams, 2 I MR asa ec ieee nase ssevesentocbscnver Robin Nichols, ‘ NT rr eee Susan Klempay, ‘63 BUSINESS STAFF Anne Davis, ‘61; Ann Levy, ‘61; Nancy Wolfe, ‘61; Nancy Culley, ‘63; Martha .Learsaon, ‘63; Sharon Mossman, “63.00 Students Discuss — Africa’s Situation, Wish For Freedom “It is impossible to understand Africa today without knowing what has made it that way”, said Wamere Mwangi, BMC sophomore from Kenya, at the’ Current Events discussion Monday night. By sketching briefly the original Euro- pean trade routes around Africa, Wamere gave the patterns of col- onization, from which the twenti- eth century is feeling so many re- percussions. The partitioning of Africa, de- cided by a British convention in the late nineteenth century, de- pended upon the nationality of the original white settlers. The re- sulting partitions gave way to the protectorates and territories which the Africans are so desperately anxious to abolish. The white set- tlers changed the existing tribal cultures by introducing Christian- ity, European languages, educa- tion, fashion. ‘Worst of all,” said Wamere, “they took our land, And if the Africans didn’t have land, what did they have?” A growing desire for the land, and for freedom from European government, has resulted in what Wamere terms “the time to say no”, Everyone in Africa today is talking politics; all are burning with national pride. As Wamere said, “We are troubled and strug- gling”’. Jan Douglass, ’61, talked about West Africa, which she visited this summer as part of the Cross- roads Africa program. has brought many new advantages and problems. Education, public works, the cities and the status of women have improved consider- ably, but Jan noted that many .old- er Africans fear their cultural heritage is being submerged. Many young people, Jan said, are break- ing with their families and going to the cities to work, as the new movements accent the differences between the generations, Many of the American mission- aries, tourists, and in some in- stances the government officials, have made grave mistakes in Africa. Jan quoted a missionary who was heard saying, “I didn’t come here to love these ‘people, but to preach the gospel.” Also, African papers carry news stories about America which we think don’t get beyond our borders. This is especially true of instances of discrimination, as the African identifies with the American Neg- ro. “However”, Jan said, “there is not really an anti-white feeling in West Africa”. Though we are closely linked with colonialism, which may prove very harmful in our dealings with Africa, we have participated in some of the pro- grams which are providing Africa with the assistance she needs, The teacher and student exchanges are particularly good, as is the’ tech- nical aid. 0 Letter to the Editor Sons of BMC Alumna Donate ‘Gambling’ Gains To Foster Parents Fund To the Editor of the College News: We have been following with great interest your recent alarums and excursions re Foster Parents’ Plan, and my three sons and I would like to contribute the en- closed check for $8 to the student fund. This represents half the pro- ceeds of a little gambling we were doing in the neighborhood previous to (shh!) November 8th, The first- grader did particularly well on odds, and he would like me to tell Laurie ly PO Karen Black, ‘61; Lois Potter, ‘61; Yvonne Erickson} ‘62; Ann Levy, ‘61; Suzanne Klempay, ‘63; Jane Hettner, ‘63; Annette Kieffer, _ '61;’Libby Redfield, ‘64; Stephanie Condon, ‘62. : Subscription, $3.50. Mailing price, $4.00. Subscription may begin at any time. Entered as second class matter at the Ardmore, Pa., Post Office, under the Act _ of March 3, 1879. aan ier cere EN IO one month. Yours truly, “Sandol S. Warburg you that the other eight is going foster-brother for approximately | _ (Class of 748, grad. 759) Conference at West Point. |Surveys National Security by Marion Coen Over two-hundred students con- verged at West Point last week to exchange ideas on American se- curity, to sample the complica- tions of actual policy formulation, and to hear some advice and en- couragement from the experts. For three days 82 college delegates (Hanna Woods and I among them) wrestled with the problems facing the United States in the ’60’s and tried their hands at formulating some ‘bold new policies’ to meet them. ws Opening the 12th annual Stud- ent Conference for United States Affairs, keynote speaker Nelson A. Rockefeller suggested ‘as the general goal of all United States foreign policy the establishment of “a viable world order in which individual freedom and the dignity of man can be advanced”. A panel discussion later that evening about the central problems facing policy makers was considerably more specific. General Courtland Schuy- ler, executive assistant to Rocke- feller and one-time second man on NATO discussed the problems of the Western alliance; Dr. Leo Cherne, Executive Director of the Institute of America spoke on’ aid to underdeveloped nations and arms control; and Mr. Charles (Marshall of the Washington Cen- ter of Foreign Policy Research, talked on the Communist challenge in emerging nations. In speaking of NATO, General Schuyler urged student policy mak- ers to take a sufficiently wide view chological effect on Western Eur- ope of visible military strength and described the current power: as ‘formidable — though not what we'd like to have’, Dr. Cherne ,on factors affecting aid to underdeveloped areas, noted that the current dollar deficit will indubitably affect our aid to un- derdeveloped nations while the de- cidedly unnecessary investment in developed Western Europe goes unchecked. He startled the audience with an unabashed criticism of the UN which has, he feels, been funda- mentally and permanently altered in the last 90 days, because of the deep and corrosive effect of the Soviets on the Secretariat. “They may not have succeeded in giving it three heads,” he said, “but they certainly cut off the one it had.”| Mr. Charles Marshall pointed out and discussed the paradox involve ed when new states whose insti- tutions have not yet reached poli- tical maturity, clothe themselves in the morality of a questionable neutralism and act as judges in cold-war competitions. The next day conferees met in 15-man discussion growps to hash out some of these same problems. Armed with gleanings from an in- terminable reading list provided by West Point earlier in the sem- ester, discussants met for a total of five hours formally, and double 'that on shuttle ~buses—andover__ Es coffee, to try to accurately define the difficulties, Thursday night’s panel of ex- perts dealt with the somewhat more knotty problems of actual po- resentatives of the executive and legislative branches of government and a member of the press. General A, J. Goodpastor, staff secretary to President. Eisenhower, emphasized the tremendous area of presidential responsibilty and called for cooperation’ in~ helping to meet it. Mr. J. K. Mansfield, staff director of a senate sub-com- mittee defended the Congress as vastly underrated by the American public. He cited “the awesomely high percentage"of Phi Beta Kapi- pas among them and suggested the lack of time, information, and technical knowledge as a factor influencing and complicating their work. : Speaking for the press and pub- lic opinion, Newsweek’s Ernest Lindley challenged these decided- .y sympathetic portrayals of the legislative and executive branches commenting that while some Con- gressmen were, no doubt, superior, the_election of most is hard to ex- plain. Of public opinion, he~said that while the American people have generally needed crises to keep them aroused each period of national relaxatiom has been con- siderably less protracted than the one which preceded: it, Lindley’s cynicism regarding ex- ecutive and legislative prowess in | policy~making—was—echoed pretty consistently by student delegates during the first hours of the con- ference. Nonetheless, the result of the next day’s discussion ses- sions on policy making gave a real insight into the complexity of problems involved, Generally, stu- dents discovered creativity and initiative in policy-making easier talked about than achieved; dis- cussion revolved mainly about evaluation of old ideas, and when new ones came up they were often ‘by the State Department or aca- demic expert assigmed to the pan- el, This discovery on the part of the student delegates and the conclu- sion that follows from it, that some hard thinking must be done in the area of foreign affairs be- fore ‘boldness and orginiality’ in policy making will be feasible, was emphasized in the closing address of the conference by the Honor- able Dean Rusk, President of the Rockefeller Foundation. He urged that the social science depart- ments in universities rise to their responsibilities in meeting the meeting the problems of the day. The common bonds which unite all men must be discovered and defin- ed before a world community can be built upon them, and this he of our academic responsibility. “In and Around Philadelphia PLAYS Show Girl, a new musical starring Carol Channing, opens at the Locust Theater on December 12 for a one-week stay. The World of Susie Wong continues this week at the Forrest, ~ My Fair Lady opened this week at the Shubert. a Born Yesterday will be presented by the Neighborhood Players at the 22nd and (Walnut Theater for five weekends from December 10: to January 8. MUSIC \ Shanty Boys, recording artists from New York, will appear in an eve- ning of folk music at the Moorestown Community House on Sat- urday evening, December 17, at 8:30. Kenneth §S.. Goldstein, folklorist, ballad scholar, and anthropologist, will present tape recordings of living tradition in Scotland which he made while on a Fulbright there. The program will take place at the International House on Sunday, December 11 at 8:15. licy formation. Speaking were rep- : eliminated by a flaw pointed out . called one of the central aspects: e rrenc 1 Renaissance is the title of an illustrated Sashes by Colin. Eisler, Assistant Professor, New York University Insti- tute of Fine Arts, to be given in the Van Pelt Auditorium at 2 p.m. Sunday, December 11. Next week’s lecture in this series, What do we mean by Renaissance Art? will be given by Charles Mitchell ___ of the Bryn Mawr History of Art Department. 0 wf Wednesday, December 7, 1960 THE COLLEGE —— Page Thre& W. S. Merwi 1 n Delineates Symbolism of His Poetry W. S. Merwin, reading his poet- ry for ‘the Theodore Spenser Mem-| orial Lecture November 21 in the Ely Room of Wyndham, traced the development of his poetry chron- ologically and explained his pre- occupation with certain themes. Through tle poems which he read, Mr. Merwin interspersed ex- planatory and amusing comments to clarify the meaning of his work and to give his listeners a moment to.recover from the emotional im- pact of his reading, Symbolic Respect The first theme which Mr. Mer- win discussed and _ illustrated through his reading was the sea. - “It is the only symbol which—I}« really respect,” he said and at- tributed this respeet—to -its- ability to surprise continually, Mr. Merwin disputed nis critics’ claims that he is impersonal in his poetry and stated that for him the sea is a very important sym- bol. ‘While themes are represen- tative of personal. history, he ad- mitted that his early treatment of his symbols, and consequently themes, was less personal tech- nically than it is in his more re- cent work. The sea is for Mr. Merwin not only a personal symbol, but also a tragic one. His titles imply this; Stadent Instructor! Of Russian Plans A Teaching Future “The Ship Wreck” and “The oves| WOUZECK, of....the--Drowned—-Wateh—-Keels Going Over” represent the cyni- cism and fear with which he re- gards the sea. For him this dom- inant theme is a negative force. i Love of Animals In two of the poems he read, “Burning Cat” and “The Sparrow Sheltering Under a Column of the British Museum,” Mr. Merwin ex- pressed a fondness for ’ animals ‘and for weak beings generally. (Mr. Merwin preceded the read- ing of poems. about his grandpar- ents with an explanation of fam- ily history — another dominant theme. He is a member of a weird” family from Wales which came to America just ten years after the Mayflower. “The respon- gible ones stayed in New England. The rest went went to Pennsylva- nia.” Of his grandfather, who drank a lot, he wrote “Grandfather in the Old Men’s Home.” Of his grandmother, who “drank not at all” but looked. out of the window at the not very beautiful Alle- gheny River and a mining town, and responded to the “sinister- ness of nature and the sinisterness of man”—the suburbs—he wrote “Grandmother. Watching Out of Her- Window.” Resurrection Theme Mr. Merwin feels that the most important theme in his recently published collection The Drunk in the Furnace is resurrection. He attributes his interest in this theme partly to the fact that his father was a minister. “Tt’s amazing how much a teach- er learns about the way people’s minds work,” said Karen Black, senior, Merion Hall President, Russian major and now part-time Russian teacher. ‘You have. to know what will catch a class’s in- ‘terest and how to communicate what you already know to your pupils.” Karen’s pupils consist of some fifteen adults who attend an eve- ning session omce a week at West Chester Adult Night School in West Chester, Pennsylvania. They have had no previous instruction in the language, but, by the time the ten week course ends, they should “be able to read elementary Russian and hold simple conver- , sations.” Asked whether she finds teach- ing adults difficult, Karen answer- ed, “It’s true that their minds don’t ' -adapt as quickly to new forms and can’t follow the grammar as eas- ily as a college student, who has been working with languages for several years, but, frankly, I’ve been astounded at how much they have learned and how eager they are to work.” She cited her pupils’ reasons for taking the course as “as numerous as there are students in the class.” Her approach, she said, has stress- ed grammar rather than conversa- tion, since the group seems more interested in reading Russian than in speaking it. Karen, who spent last summer traveling in Russia: with a student : group, remarked -that she? often wlases souvenirs of her trip as start- ing points for her lessons. ~ Describing how she got the teaching post, Karen, whose home town is West Chester, recalled making am offhand remark to one of the school board members to the effect that she would love to take an adult class in Russian. The member and the board took her seriously and persuaded her to acc the job. She plans to re- peat the course next semester. ren, “hag really elinched teaching for me. I’ve always thought of teaching as a ‘not bad and poss- ibly even enjoyable profession.’ Now I know that teaching and I poem for which the collection is named and again in “Noah’s Ra- ven,” a poem which has. not yet been published, this theme is par- ticularly apparent. A preoccupa- tion with death is clearly shown in “Route with No Number”, an- other recent and unpublished poem. Indeed, this preoccupation ‘with death became evident for the first time in the poems which Mr. Mer- win selected to read last. I sea poems the fear of death was obscured by a stronger and more direct fear of the sea, ‘Mr. ‘Merwin read last a series of as yet unpublished poems which he felt were more personal than his earlier work although they are no more autobiographical. These poems are about being alone. One particularly moving poem is called “Home for Thanksgiving” in which a conflict between body and intellect is exposed. ‘‘A Let- ter from Gussie” and “Lemuel’s Blessing’”—a wolf’s prayer—com- plete this trinity of loneliness. In_the| In_his|_ Broderick J udges Play Too Long and Empty, Not Very Amusing by J. H. Broderick It was wise programming to ofy fer The Dock Brief as the entr’- acte for Woyzeck and The Mar- riage by Force. In its mannered sentimentality The Dock Brief made Buchner’s trenchant pathos startling and honest; its tame par- adoxes lent Moliere’s characters further uproar and vigor. The pro- gramming for Goodhart on No- vember 18-19 was wise, that is, only if a production of The Dock Brief was somehow ' mandatory. For John Mortimer’s play is too long, too empty; and not very funny. The Dock Brief does have a spe- cious appeal, however; for it seems to unite two modes of modern com- edy. Its characters, dialogue and mise en scéne give it a resemblance to the “stripped stage” of Beckett and to Ionesco’s “anti-plays.” Its tidy plot seems to spring from Shaw’s arch one-acters and the glossy West End comedies of the Terence Rattigan die. Unfortun- ately, Mortimer’s play lacks .the hopeless ‘vaudeville vulgarity of ‘Beckett and the hearty nihilism of Ionesco. It also lacks Shaw’s in- terest in ideas. What it proffer's instead is an “interest in people” and a concern for form. Im the Shavian, Rattigan fashion, it pro- pounds a paradox: A jailed bird- lover accused of murder (he’s done interested in acquitting himself in order to assist his aging lawyer (this is the lawyer’s only case and it was assigned by the court, i.e. it’s a dock brief.) While the par- adox is fresh, the first scene is in- teresting enough, especially when Fowle (yes, the bird-lover) recalls his late unlamented spouse. There- after our interest wanes as the barrister pre-enacts possible for- _ Continued on Page 5, Col. oe PUBLISHING POETESS Susan Kenny, ’61, an English major, has been notified that her poem, “Window Scene,” will be published in this year’s An- nual Anthology of College Po- etry. .The Anthology, put out by the National Poetry Associ- ation, is described as “a com- pilation of the finest poetry written by the College men and women of America, represent- try.” on ‘Maurice Natanson, Professor of Philosophy at the University of North ‘Carolina, gave a Class of 1902 Lecture on “Existentialism and Literature,” Thursday evening, December 1, in the Common Room. (Mr. Natanson pointed out that, although the chief aim of philoso- phy is to illumimate individual life, its terms often become so com- plex and technical | as to divorce it from humanity. Existentialism has returned to a study of individ- ual involvement in the mundane world, and has adopted the thesis that the self and the world are separate, aside from their exis- tential unity. The exploration of subjectivity which is involved raises perplex- ing questions: How is the world given to me? How is it possible that someone else’s world is con- nected to mine? Thus, the line of -Hinquiry—has*-already~-shifted-from| a common-sense world of “us” to one of “me.” Im the effort to.clear up the apparent contradiction and return. to the. mifhdane, common- sense world, the most lucid render- were ‘meant for ‘each other.’ ” Natanson Clarifies Existential Concepts In Literature, Phenomenological Art erature, as a phenomenonological art. Philosophica] literature im gen- eral is marked by its asking-qual- ity, by its fusing of theme and events to make the reader search for meaning. Existential litera- ture is further characterized by a radical conception of self and world in terms of a central con- sciousness. Mr. Natanson emphasized the point that this use of literature is in no sense a diluted form of the inquiry, but rather makes possible a direct presentation and unme- diated vision of the problem. In describing Tolstoy’s Death of Ivan Illyich as existential. litera- ture, Mr. Natanson_ stressed Ex- istentialism’s view that the rela- tionship between self and world is problematic. Thus, we are shown individuals through the terrifying -eategories-of fear,.suffering, alone- ness, and death, and it is only at death that Ivan Illyich grasps the meaning of his life. In a short résumé of his argu- Pity for pom Claaoee, ing every section of—the—coun--H- ment, Mr. Natanson suggested ing of the problem ‘is given by lit- Continued on Page 4, Col. 1 Torment and Suffering Comprise Woyzeck by Katrin Taeger | Woyzeck seems so typical of the twentieth century that it is hard to believe that it could have been written as: early as 1836, by a young man of 22, Not edited and published until long after his death the play reflects the feelings of young German intellectuals at a time of many futile attempts at revolution. George Buchner, a young revolu- tionary himself, once wrote to his parents: “Hatred is just as per- missible as love, and I hate espec- ially ‘those who, in possession of a ridiculous outward matter, called education, or of a dead thing, call- ed learning, sacrifice the great group of their brothers to their contemptuous egotism.” And he set out against them, fighting, as We said, with “arrogance against arrogance, ridicule against ridi- cule,” Naturalism These words point to the heart and core of Woyzeck. This series of sometimes rather loosely con- nected episodes clearly divides into two levels of style: Buchner’s.com- passion for the lowest class finds ‘its expression in the naturalistic picture he draws of people and conditions in Woyzeck. The poet when he deals with men of higher social standing to whom he denies all sense of humane traits, The pathetic life of the masses is brought out sharply by the gro- tesque humor. Not always did the deep sadness and compassion come through this layer of wit and caricature in the performance given in Goodhart Hall on November 18 and 19. The problem of staging the short, rather expressionistic episodes with constantly changing places was solved well with a simple back- ground of bleak stockades. Musical Score David Hemingway wrote and played the ‘music which: especially in the inn and the final scenes very appropriately underlined the mood. The “Old Woman” made too much the impression of being a witch: Buchner himself has her tell the story as a grandmother to a group ‘of children, thereby re- maining on much more realistic ground. All the scenes of caricature were very pleasurable: the acting of Leighton Scott as Captain, Bernie Lederberg im a double role as Jew and Barker, and particularly of Linn Allen as Doctor deserves high praise. Both Betty Ferber and Andy Miller had the very difficult task of playing tragic characters next to these caricatures. Both handled their roles very capably indeed, even though not all. sides of the characters came out clear- ly. Betty Ferber persuasively por- trayed the girl Marie who is sway- ed by conflicting emotions. Andy Miller’s acting became more and more convincing as the play pro- gressed, growing into the rather primitive and passive “hero” Woy- zeck who falls prey to the selfish- ness and lack .of understanding of his superiors as well as to the in- comprehensible world around him which tortures him through demo- niac forces. Usually this play is the only one of an evening. ~|~ < @ College Day at the Beach... the jie. Fian wow for your »~BERMUDA College Week 1961. — bigger, busier, better than ever! e Informal wel ing dan , t ey omy coming ce to star biggest beach party of the year. All-day_ cruise to historic St. George. Luncheon, Calypso music, Gombey Dancers. ‘ Round Robin Tennis Tournament. College Week Golf Competition. College Talent Revue. 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