Wednesday, March 19, 1952 THE COLLEGE NEWS Page Three Gianturco Alleges e e & i Da Vinci’s Genius Elio Gianturco, from the For- eign Law Section of the Library ot Congress, spoke to the Philos- ophy Club Friday night, March 14; in the Common Room on the phi- losopny of “Leonardo Da Vinci”. Mr. Gianturco emphasized the “unique conjunction of artistic and scientitic spirit” in Leonardo which gives him the right to be called a philosopher. Leonardo was an engineer by profession, as well as a great art- ist. ‘Lhe tremendous versatility of the man is proved by this fact, |. since during the Renaissance an engineer was not so specialized as today, but needed a knowledge of all phases of science. The human- ism of Leonardo, his “universality of culture, balanced with scientific discipline’, was the basis for his genius. To Leonardo, continued Mr. Gi- anturco, art was not. purely esthetic, but involved philosophy, science, and mathematics. “Your eyes themselves must be philo- sophical eyes,” said Leonardo in one of his many analytical essays. lt is essential that the artist know a synthesis of the laws of nature. To Leonardo, nature was a micro- cosmos in every part of which he had an interest. Leonardo was the first man to attempt to classify the arts in or- der of their importance. He con- sidered painting more important than music, since to him the es- sence of painting was simultane- ousness, while the essence of mu- sic was time. Use of the memory is necessary to understand music, since music is a “continuous birth and resurrection”, and its entirety cannot be grasped in a single mo- ment. Leonardo preferred poetry less than the aforementioned arts since, to his mind, poetry dealt with everything “at second hand”. To him it could only give “suc- cessive representation”, and he preferred simultaneous represen- tation. Despite his classification of the arts, Leonardo did stress the intimate ties among them, said Mr. Gianturco. The arts have an “intersolidarity” which can not be denied. The scientific method of re- search was a Leonardo invention, declared Mr. Gianturco. Leonardo was the first to emphasize the in- terdependence of theory and ex- perience which is the basis for scientific inquiry today. Leonardo also stressed the importance of Continued on Page 6 ,Col. 4 Peyre Represents Cuitural Migration Especially contributed by Joan Lee Corb.n, ’53 The. second of whe Benjamin #.auklin iecuures for lyoz was given on Lnursuay evening, Marcu 4d, 1N Lhe irvine Auditorium ot ine Uuiversiy of Pennsylvania. Henri reyre, nead or the french Vepart- ment at yale and tormer protes- sor and Visiting prolessor ac Bryn Mawr, spoke on “ihe Stuay ou Literature’ as it relates to the geneial theme of the series: the cultural migration trom the Old World to the New. M. Peyre opened his talk by posing questions: what are for- eigners contributing to American culture, what are they getting in return, and how are they helping the nation assume its role ot world leadership? He briefly con- sidered five significant -cultural migrations: that of the Huguenots trom France, that which resulted trom Napoleon’s rise to power, the migration of Russians after 1917, that of Italian and Spanish anti- fascists, and finally that of the Germans and German Jews under Hitler’s purge. These _ influxes played important parts in the es- tablishment of European culture in, this country. In most cases, the scholars were already well steeped in their own cultural na- tionalism and pride, but they were assimilated to a degree dependent upon their relative adaptability. Here M, Peyre used himself as a representative Frenchman com- ing to this country to teach and analyzed the comparative features in teaching here and abroad. To begin with, tha material facilicies in this country are far greater since capable assistance may be found for any research project, and the nature of library cata- loguing and the like do much for the scholar which he would have to do alone in a European uni- versity. In the second place, the freedom here from traditions, hierarchy, and solemnity, whatever the drawbacks, is a healthy thing, as is the “free enterprise” of the university. The “sense of history” we have in this country makes us look to the future, not to the past, as in Europe. The results of this are important in that we have a pragmatic faith that we can mold the future whereas to the young abroad it seems a fearful thing. M. Peyre finds less prestige here .as a scholar, due to the financial basis of social standings, and this is to him at once disconcerting and Continued on Page 7, Col. 1 Squirrels, Numerous Taxis, Hard Work Impress Scottish Lassie on Fellowship | by Marcia Joseph, °55 “The Squirrels!” was the answer given by Miss Lorna Dunbar, the lovely Scottish lass, when she was asked about the first thing she noticed upon her arrival at Bryn Mawr. “It was a lovely after- noon,” she added, “and as we en- tered the gate, I saw about six or eight squirrels. It was the first time I had ever seen any up close.” Miss Dunbar, a graduate stu- dent in Psychology, is studying here on the English Speaking Union fellowship given to three men and three women in British universities to study at Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Bryn Mawr, Rad- cliffe, and Smith. Miss Dunbar’s room and board and tuition are paid by Bryn Mawr; however, since she was allowed to bring only 10 pounds with her, the Phil- adelphia branch of the ESU gives her money to pay for other ex- penses. A resident of Aberdeen, Scotland, and a graduate of Aber- deen University there, Lorna Dun- bar applied for her fellowship a year ago in January. The ESU sends notice for the fellowships to British universities, and Miss Dunbar was asked to apply. “I remember that it was a pouring wet day,’ she told me, “and I heard a professor’s voice behind me. He asked me if I’d like to go to America. ‘Of course! Who wouldn’t?’ I answered, so I ap- plied to all three — Bryn Mawr, Radcliffe, and Smith. I never ex- pected to' get it!” At the time, Miss Dunbar knew very little about Bryn Mawr. “All I knew of Bryn Mawr,” she said, “was a James Thurber cartoon about Bryn Mawr that I had once seen.” Also, Professor Ferguson of Aber- deen University had once lectured here. Accepted in April, Miss Dun- bar arrived in America on Wed- nesday, September 19. It was the first time that she had ever been in this country, and as her ship sailed up the Hudson at 5:00 in the mo#ning, she could just see the Statue ef Liberty in the darknes;. “The silhouette of the skyline of Continued on Page 6, Col. 2 Pastors on Panel — View Christianity | Lulminating the two day dis- cussion groups on the topic, “Faith —xvealluy or welusion?”’, woich be- ga iu we nalls on ‘Luesday night, a panel discussion composed of six muusvers met in the Common oom on Wednesday afternoon, march 12, at 4:00 p.m. to answer questions. The ministers who composed the panel were Grant Noble, Leslie Glenn, Guthrie speers, A. Graham Baldwin, E, A. ae Bordenave, and Gerald B. U’Grady. ‘he discussion centered around the question of a morally good life as opposed to a life based on faith in Christ. One of the ministers pointed out that although! it is good to live a good life, it is even better to know Why that life is good, He said that a life which is based on a faith in Christ is better able to be good: because it is rooted in something bigger than itself, ; in answer to the question, “where do we get our system ot ethics !”, Reverend O’Grady point- ed out that it has evolved from custom. Christ, he said, was sent because people felt a despair of themselves and of their ethics. He came to bring the good life with a new dynamic spirit. Mr. de Bordenave added to this that there has been no change in Christian doctrines“ since their beginning. ‘There has been only a rephrasing of the same truths. He said that Christianity has no ethics but love ot God and of neighbors. The question of the importance of The Apostles’ Creed was dis- cussed. Dr, Glenn pointed out that since the Creed is a summary of the beliefs of the Christian Church, it is important not only to believe it, but to know what each phrase means. Reverend O’Grady added that neither the Creed nor The Bible are ends in themselves. “They are signposts pointing to God where the real thing lies. Although one of the ministers suggested that we some- times neglect the teachings of Continued on Page 7, Col. 1 - WBMC Program Schedule ‘March 20-26 2:00 WFLN (Classical Music) 8:00 News (New York Times) 8:05 Treasury of Classics 10:00 Popular Music and Feature Program News 11:05 Popular Music 12:00 Off the Air FEATURES OF THE WEEK Thursday 9:00 Gilbert and Sullivan Inter- 11:00 lude 9:45 Campus News (with Claire Robinson) 10:00 Intermission Time (South ‘ Pacific) 11:05 “Just For A While” (with Dick Hardy) Friday 11:05 Dance Date (from WHRC) Sunday 8:00 Sacred Music 10:30 Cafe International (Pro- gram of Foreign Records) Monday 9:00 Halt The Symphony — win a carton of Chesterfields 9:45 Faculty Interview: 10:00 Dramatic Show | Tuesday 10:00 Folk Song Program 10:30 Meet the Mawrtyrs (Listen to Kay Sherman interview your friends) Wednesday 7:30 Battle of the Sexes 10:00 The Variety Show (“Retri- bution” an original radio play by Harold Lynch, Haverford, ’49) A Progress Report Offered by Council ‘An estimate is being made by the college architect of the cost of installing florescent lights through- out the reading room; the model under-*onsideration does not glare or make noise. However, unless class gifts or other funds beyond the library budget were available, new lights could not be installed for some time. Both smoking and typing rooms have been strongly recommended to the board of directors by Miss Agnew, but lack of space and money still make it impossible to have them immediately. The rules for reserving books are posted on the bulletin board in the reserve room with all other li- brary rules. The present weekena rule reads: “Reserve books may be borrowed for the weekend at 9:30 p. m. Saturday and are due Mon- day morning at 9:10 a. m.” The Library Council is in the process of revising this and other library rules in cooperation with the li- brary staff. If students have sug- | gestions,-they are asked to put them in the suggestion box in the reserve room. Certain desks in the geading room are reserved for the conven- jence of seniors needing to use many books in the library at once. These desks are not the private property of seniors, but it is only common courtesy on the part of others not to use these desks, es- pecially those with many books on them, unless there are no other vacant seats. Seniors are remind- ed to.,keep their reserve desks neat! Emmy Cadwalader is chairman of .a new student committee io keep the history of art and arch- eology reserves in order. CONTEST “Halt the Symphony” will be conducted in a new way. All those who want to get a chance to iden- tify the symphony played on Mon- days at 9:00, and win a carton of 'Chesterfields, pay heed! Put your name and the hall where you will be at the time of the program on an empty pack of Chesterfields, and leave it in the box provided for the empty packs in Pem East Smok- er. Names will be picked at ran- dom from the box, and that per- son will be called, and asked to identify the Symphony. You may be the one to win! Get your entry in now. Lecturer Explains Carbon Processes The most recent Science Club lecturer was Dr. George Zimmer- man, of the Bryn Mawr Chemistry Department. His March 13 lec- ture treated Radio Carbon Dating. Dr. Zimmerman, who worked at Chicago with Dr. Libby, Dr. Ar- nold, and Dr. Anderson on their experiments with Cl4, explained carbon dating as the determina- tion of the amount of time which has elapsed from a certain time in the past until the present. Certain substances, (about twenty are known) are radio-active, that is, they give off highly charged par- ticles, thus decreasing their vol- ume continuously. There are dif- ferent ways of observing this ir: reversible process, one being to watch the particles come off the radio-active substance. Lf the num- ber of particles and the rate of emitting the particles is counted and a relationship set up, a law of decay can be formulated. These radio-active substances have a “half-life” which signifies the amount of time required for one- half of the substance to disinte- grate, and no matter what is done to the substance it will continue its disintegration at its usual rate. If all this happens now, then it prob- ably happened in the past also, and therefore this law of decay can be used to measure time. Carbon is present in plants, an- imals, ocean, and the air. The car- bon atom’s nucleus is made up of six positively charged particles '(protons) and six particles with no electrical charge (neutrons). This is the structure of C12, the stable carbon atom. However, if two extra neutrons are added to the original number, the resulting atom (C14), although behaving in almost the same way, is unstable and is radio-active. When C14 dis- integrates, N14 (nitrogen) and one electron are given off, and this process is the background of de- cay. Dr. Libby states that the forma- tion of C14 in nature is by cosmic radiation which produces neutrons. Neutrons are reduced to a slight extent in the air, and when united with nitrogen, C14 is formed. The Cl4 js oxidized inte CO2 and thus a cycle begins where C is used in plants and animals and the ocean and given back into the atmos- phere. Thus Cl‘ is continuously produced and continuously disinte- Continued on Page 7, Col. 2 _by Judy Thompson, ’54 Mrs. Marshall, in an interview concerning Frederico Garcia Lor- ca, author of The Shoemaker’s Prodigious Wife, to be presented in Goodhart on March 21 and 22 by the Bryn Mawr College Thea- tre, described what she had actu- ally seen of Lorca and his band of traveling actors. Lorca, whom she described as extremely talented as a poet, musician, playwright, di- rector, actor, and painter, had, at the time she was taking her Jun- ior Year in Spain, a traveling com- pany called La Barraca, made up mostly of amateur University act- ors, who traveled around the coun- tryside giving classical and mod- ern plays. The company, she said, was or- ganized on the basis of two main purposes, the first to give simple but poetic and valuable interpre- tations of classical and modern ‘Spanish theatre, and the second to make the medium of the theatre more meaningful, on the theory that theatre was not part of the Dorothy Marshall Describes Contact With G. Lorca and Traveling Actors was, rather, a popular medium which had been neglected. The group, with these two purposes in mind, gathered in trucks and bus- ses and arived at small villages to give their performances. Their response was overwhelm- ing, and they were always met with great excitement. Mrs. Mar- shall described the first time that she saw one of these performances when she was at the summer ses- sion of Saintander University, held in the palace of the last king of Spain. The performance was put on in an outdoor court of the palace and proved very well acted and extremely impressive. The scenery consisted of port- able impressionistic scenery, de- signed and painted by Lorca him- self. The whole performance de- pended on Lorca whose own dom- inating personality seemed to sweep the other actors along with it. Mrs. Marshall was able to see them again the following winter when sha was at the University of Madrid Where she lived near some of the stars of La Barraca, and literary life of any country, but went to some of their rehearsals.